MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver Features and Benefits Conforms with ISO/IEC 14443A1, 14443B (RATP / Innovatron Programmable encoder and decoder for custom protocols Low external component count Technology) & 15693 1 Purchase of MLX90121s doesn’t imply any grant of any ISO14443A license. Customers are advised to sign patent licensing agreem ents with all third parties, especially those companies listed in the introduction of the corresponding standard. Applications Portable data terminals Access control readers Contact-less payment terminals Smart label printers Ordering Information Part No. MLX90121 MLX90121 Temperature Suffix C (0°C to 70°C) E (-40°C to 85°C) Package Code FR (Lead free SSOP20, 209 mils) FR (Lead free SSOP20, 209 mils) 1. Functional Diagram 2. Description MLX90121 Attenuation resistor RX Analog functions Digital functions TX Impedance matching Serial data interface Microcontroller 3901090121 Rev. 006 Option code --- The MLX90121 is an ISO compliant 13.56MHz RFID transceiver integrated circuit. The main features include user selectable modulation depth in write mode, whereas single sub-carrier ASK, FSK and PSK modulations are recognized in the read mode. The receiver is based on a diode envelope detector, followed by an IF filter and amplifier. A logarithmic amplifier is used for single subcarrier ASK detection, ensuring fast and clean data recovery. The limiting output of the log amp is used for FSK and PSK recovery. The transmitter uses a built in open drain output transistor, which can provide up to 250 miliwatts of RF power to a 50 ohms load with a 5 volts power supply using the recommended matching network. This is suitable for most short to mid range applications. A simplified antenna and matching network can be used, at the expense of a reduced reading range, for example in hand-held reader applications. The chip is configured with a serial interface. A synchronization signal is available when the majority voting is used. Digital part contains ASK, FSK (423 / 484kHz) and PSK (847kHz) decoders and a programmable encoder to facilitate data handling with a low cost microcontroller. The encoder can be programmed with 6 different patterns. The chip can also be used as an analog frontend, in direct mode. Page 1 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURES AND BENEFITS .................................................................................................................. 1 APPLICATIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 1 ORDERING INFORMATION.................................................................................................................... 1 1. FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM.............................................................................................................. 1-1 2. DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................................. 2-1 3. GLOSSARY OF TERMS .................................................................................................................. 3 4. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS ................................................................................................... 3 5. MLX90121 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................... 3 6. MLX90121 SPECIFIC SPECIFICATIONS......................................................................................... 4 7. GENERAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................... 6 8. APPLICATIONS INFORMATION...................................................................................................... 7 9. BLOCK DIAGRAM ........................................................................................................................... 8 10. DIGITAL INTERFACE ...................................................................................................................... 8 11. OPERATING MODES....................................................................................................................... 9 11.1. DEFINITIONS .........................................................................................................................................9 11.2. CONFIGURATION MODE.........................................................................................................................9 11.3. COMMUNICATION MODES ...................................................................................................................10 11.3.1. Transmission ..................................................................................................................................10 11.3.2. Reception .......................................................................................................................................14 11.4. POWER MODES ...................................................................................................................................18 11.5. XBUF OUTPUT ...................................................................................................................................19 12. CONFIGURATION REGISTERS..................................................................................................... 20 13. CONFIGURATION REGISTERS: ISO CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES .......................................... 22 14. STANDARD INFORMATION REGARDING MANUFACTURABILITY OF MELEXIS PRODUCTS WITH DIFFERENT SOLDERING PROCESSES .................................................................................... 23 15. ESD PRECAUTIONS...................................................................................................................... 23 16. PACKAGE INFORMATION ............................................................................................................ 24 17. DISCLAIMER ................................................................................................................................. 26 3901090121 Rev. 006 Page 2 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 3. Glossary of Terms RFID Radio Frequency IDentification ISO International Organization for Standardization / International Electro-technical Commission. ASK Amplitude Shift Keying FSK Frequency Shift Keying PSK Phase Shift Keying 4. Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Condition Min Max Unit Supply voltage (VDD with respect to VSS) VDD DC -0.3 6 V -0.3 VDD+0.3 V Input voltage on any pin (except TX) Vin Maximum power dissipation (without heat sink) Pmax 500 mW Maximum junction temperature Tj +150 ºC Storage temperature Tstor +150 ºC -55 Exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute-maximumrated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 5. MLX90121 Electrical Specifications TA = -40 ºC to +85 ºC, or 0ºC to +70 ºC according to the version, VDD = 5Volts, unless otherwise noted. On board resonator is used. Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Units General DC Parameters Operating supply voltage range VDD Standby current consumption Istb VDD with respect to VSS VDD = 5.5 V - TA = +85 ºC Transmit current 3901090121 Rev. 006 Idle Itr 5 5.5 V 3 30 µA 0.1 10 µA VDD = 5.5V - Analog section off 3 5 mA VDD = 3V, XBUF output disabled 1 3 mA 50 Ohms load 80 120 mA VDD = 3V 45 70 mA TA = +25 ºC Idle mode current consumption 2.7 Page 3 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 6. MLX90121 Specific Specifications o o o o DC Operating Parameters TA = -40 C to 85 C, or 0 C to +70 C according to the version, VDD = 5V (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Units Transmitter specifications Peak voltage applied on drain of output transistor 32 V 600 mW Output transistor power dissipation With heat sink Output transistor ON resistance Id = 50 mA 2 Output power for five volts operation See note 1 250 Amplitude modulation depth adjustment range, in 10% mode, with external resistor connected between RMOD pin and ground. See note 1 0 Amplitude modulation depth in 10% mode with nominal external resistor (10Ω) See note 1 8 Minimum depth for 100% ASK See note 1 40 Rise time for 100% ASK 50 Ohms load - 5% to 60% 0.2 0.4 µs 50 Ohms load - 5% to 90% 0.3 1.5 µs Fall time for 100% ASK 50 Ohms load - 100% to 5% 0.6 µs Rise and fall time for 10% modulation depth ( nominal external resistor used) 50 Ohms load 0.2 µs 100 kΩ 10 5 Ω mW 90 % 14 % dB Receiver specifications Small signal input impedance (RX) Input RF voltage range (RX – VSS) With 4.7kΩ series external resistor Receiver sensitivity See note 2 2 -35 3 Vpp -45 dBm 200-1400 kHz Gain, in FSK mode (FM output) 120 dB Gain, in ASK mode (AM output) 80 dB FSK IF filter cut off points 3901090121 Rev. 006 Page 4 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver Serial link and digital I/O Output current drive Iol Vol ≤ 0.4 Volt 4 Output voltage low Vol Iol max=4mA 0 0.2 0.4 V Output voltage high Voh Ioh max=4mA 4.6 4.8 5 V Input voltage high Vih 0.7 * VDD VDD + 0.3 V Input voltage low Vil -0.3 0.3 * VDD V CK pulse TCK General setup time “0” level pulse or “1” level pulse mA 500 ns Ts 60 ns General hold time Th 60 ns Pulse time between successive registers writing Tmw 5 µs Crystal Oscillator Frequency range Fxtal Start-up time Tstart ISO compliant applications 13.56 2 5 ms 50 100 Ω 1 VDD VPP 1 VDD VPP Xtal series resistance External clock signal specifications MHz see note 3 Min sine wave amplitude, AC coupled Input on pin XTAL2 Min sine wave amplitude, DC coupled Input has to be centered around Vdd/2 Input on pin XTAL2 XBUF output specifications XBUF Low Level (Col) 1K load resistor 0.1 V XBUF High Level (Coh) 1K load resistor 4.8 V Rise and fall times (10%-90%) 1K load resistor//12pF 3 ns Notes 1. Parameter measured using recommended output matching network. 2. This parameter is measured using a base band signal for all specified modulation modes. The measurement is made at the DOUT output with the input diode detector bypassed. 3. The external clock symmetry is of paramount importance. It has a direct influence on the transmitter output power. When using a sine wave as external clock input, it must not show visible distortion. In case a square wave is used, its duty cycle has to be equal to 50%. 3901090121 Rev. 006 Page 5 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 7. General Description Power supply The 90121 requires a nominal 3 or 5 volts external power supply. Operation is guaranteed between 2.7 and 5.5 Volts. The current drain depends on the antenna impedance and the output matching network configuration. Care must be taken about the power supply: power supply ripple and noise will severely degrade the overall system performance. Transmitter The output transistor is a low Ron MOSFET. The drain is directly accessible on the TX pin. A recommended application schematic optimized to drive a resistive fifty ohms antenna with a five volts power supply is provided as a part of this specification. A simple resonant circuit or/and a simpler matching network can be connected to the output. In that case, the general performance and harmonic suppression will be reduced. 100 % modulation is achieved by means of gating the square wave drive of the output transistor. A variable modulation depth is obtained by means of switching a resistor in series with the output transistors’ source connection. An external resistor provides the default modulation depth setting. Increasing this external resistor will increase the modulation depth. Receiver The receiver input is typically connected to the antenna through an external resistor. The modulation from the tag is then recovered by means of a diode envelope detector. FSK and PSK recovery The demodulated input signal is amplified and band pass filtered. The signal is then hard limited by a logarithmic amplifier, and fed to the digital section. PSK decoded, FSK decoded or a direct FSK signal can be used for further decoding. ASK recovery For ASK recovery, the high pass sections of the band pass filters are removed, to avoid falling edge degradation by the filter settling time. The signal is DC coupled and fed to the input of the logarithmic amplifier. The logarithmic amplifier works as a high gain amplifier and at the same time it generates the envelope of the ASK signal. The demodulated output from the log amp is then 3901090121 Rev. 006 fed to a comparator. To avoid signal degradation, the time constant of the comparator has to be switched from fast response during acquisition to a slow time constant during the tags response. This is done by switching the CK signal at the beginning of the response of the tag. The recovered data stream is fed to the digital section for further processing. Majority Voting Both FSK/PSK or ASK can use the Majority Voting function that will filter for noise and jitter, that will correct distorted signals and will hence improve performance. Reference clock and internal oscillator The reference clock may be obtained externally by applying a suitable clock signal to the XTAL1 pin. A sine wave centered at VCC/2 or a CMOS logic compatible signal is an acceptable external system clock. The built-in reference oscillator will work either with a quartz crystal or a ceramic resonator. The nominal system clock frequency is 13.56 MHz. Reset defaults and power management After a power on reset has been performed, the device is put in its default configuration. There are three power modes available. In the transmission mode, the device is fully powered. In the idle mode, only the reference oscillator is running. This allows for a fast start up. In the power down mode, the device internal bias system is completely switched off, offering essentially a zero state. Serial communication interface The communication interface normally uses 6 wires: - CK: serial clock input DIN: data input DOUT: data output DSYNC: synchronization output for DOUT MODE: configuration or communication selection input RTB: reception or transmission selection input. Page 6 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 8. Applications Information This schematic has been optimized to drive a fifty ohms resistive antenna, using a five volts power supply. Functional description The transmitter output TX is connected to the supply by means of a choke L3. C3 is added to avoid a high dV/dt at the TX output in case of a sudden interruption of the current in the choke. C3 is chosen high enough to protect the chip, but low enough to keep the resonance of L3-C3 well above 13.56 MHz. The transmitter signal is coupled with DC blocking capacitor C2 to the antenna matching network, which is a T network made up by L2, CV1 and L1. CV1 allows a proper matching between the 50Ohm antenna and the output impedance of the transmitter stage. The receiver part of the chip gets its signal directly from the antenna by means of R1. It limits the voltage swing at the RX pin to a level in between the supplies. One should take care to properly decouple the power supplies of the chip. Especially the Vdd1 supply which is used for the transmitter output. Any amplitude noise on that supply is AM modulated on the carrier and will hence be perceived as noise by the receiver part. The same holds for any phase noise that gets introduced into the quartz oscillator. For the signal that goes to- and from the microcontroller: one should take care to keep them as far as possible from the analog parts and the quartz oscillator. To do a first evaluation, it is highly recommended to use the MLX90121 evaluation board that can be ordered from Melexis. The clock for the microcontroller can also be derived from the XBUF pin. This pin provides a 13.56MHz buffered clock or 13.56MHz divided by 2. 3901090121 Rev. 006 Page 7 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 9. Block Diagram Digital AM RX FM Majority Voting FSK Decoder DOUT PSK Decoder Programmable Encoder DIN PA TX XTAL RMOD XBUF 13.56MHz 10. Digital Interface The MLX90121 is driven by four signals: MODE and RTB pins are used to select the operating mode and DIN and CK pins are used to configure the chip and to transmit data. The MLX90121 has two signal outputs. DOUT contains the decoded response of the transponder and DSYNC is used as a synchronization output by the microcontroller. Pin Name I/O Function MODE I 0 = Configuration Mode, 1 = Communication Mode RTB I 0 = Transmission Mode, 1 = Reception Mode DIN I Data Input for Transmission or Configuration CK I Clock and Trigger DOUT O Data Output from Reception or Configuration DSYNC O Data Synchronization Clock for Transmission or Reception Function Summary MODE RTB Function 0 0 Configuration 1 0 Transmission 0 1 Reserved (*) 1 1 Reception (*) the reserved mode is for manufacturing purpose only and should not be applied by the user. 3901090121 Rev. 006 Page 8 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 11. Operating Modes 11.1. Definitions There are two main operating modes: • MODE = 0 : Configuration Mode • MODE = 1 : Communication Mode The configuration mode allows writing in the configuration registers. It will configure all parameters in the transceiver. The communication mode allows communicating with a transponder. Different options are available: • Direct transmission: The transmission protocol is handled by an external microcontroller. • Hardware transmission: The low level protocol is handled by an internal programmable encoder. It allows using a low cost microcontroller. • Direct reception: The reception protocol is handled by an external microcontroller. • Hardware reception: FSK/PSK decoders and Majority Voting can be enabled to allow using a low cost microcontroller. 11.2. Configuration Mode Registers Addresses For configuration purposes, users have access to 13 eight bit registers, which can be addressed using a 4 bit address. Address 0 Register name AnalogConfig 1 PowerState 2 Reserved (*) 3 DigitalConfig 4 EncoderSym0 5 EncoderSym1 6 EncoderSym2 7 EncoderSym3 8 EncoderSym4 9 EncoderSym5 10 EncoderTimeRef 11 DecoderTimeRef 12 LTC (*) the reserved register is for manufacturing purpose only and should not be used. Write Configuration Registers First the MODE line is asserted low to enable the configuration mode. Then data is fed serially into the chip with the CK and DIN lines. Data on the DIN line is read on the rising edge of CK. The first four bits on DIN are the register address and the eight following bits are the data. Address and data fields are written MSB (Most Significant Bit) first. 3901090121 Rev. 006 Page 9 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver MODE DIN Address Data CK MSB LSB MSB LSB RTB After sending address and data, the MODE line is asserted high and the chip is ready to receive the next register configuration. Signal Assign MODE 0 RTB 0 DIN 4-bit Address + 8-bit Data CK 12 clock pulses DOUT x DSYNC x Notes 1. If a register does not contain eight bits, write ‘0’ in the unused bit. 2. When MODE is asserted high, the chip is in communication mode. If the encoder is disabled (by default), DIN has to be kept at ‘1’ to avoid any modulation on the antenna. 3. In case of successive registers writings, it is mandatory to have MODE asserted high for at least Tmw = 5µs in between each access, as shown in the following diagram. Writing 1 Tmw Writing 2 MODE CK 11.3. Communication Modes 11.3.1. Transmission 11.3.1.a. Analog Setup For the transmission, the modulation depth has to be chosen. This is done by the TModIndex bit of the AnalogConfig register, which selects the modulation index: 10% or 100%. The modulation index can be further tuned by means of the external RMOD resistor. 3901090121 Rev. 006 Page 10 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 11.3.1.b. Direct Transmission Before analog processing, data transmission can be either direct or pre-processed by means of hardware accelerators. Direct transmission can be performed with the following setup: Signal Assign MODE 1 RTB 0 DIN Data to transmit CK 0 OUT x DSYNC x Data has to be transmitted in real time by the microcontroller on DIN input. The modulation is done when DIN is asserted low, so by default DIN has to be asserted high. If a configuration register has to be written, keep DIN high when MODE is asserted low. In configuration mode, the field is held without modulation independently of DIN. 11.3.1.c. Hardware Encoding Transmission This programmable encoder allows predefining six different patterns of 8 bits. The encoder is selected by setting the bit EncoderEn in the DigitalConfig register. Symbol Setup The six symbols are called EncoderSym0 to EncoderSym5. There is a seventh symbol which is hardcoded to 0xFF (11111111). A symbol is built with 8 bits as shown in the following figure. Symbol Code 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 ISO Examples The ISO15693 protocol, mode 1 out of 4, is implemented using six symbols as shown in the following table. Start of frame (SOF), end of frame (EOF) and pulses are all encoded using one symbol. ISO15693 (1 out of 4) 3901090121 Rev. 006 Symbol Name Code Sym0 Pulse1 10111111 Sym1 Pulse2 11101111 Sym2 Pulse3 11111011 Sym3 Pulse4 11111110 Sym4 SOF 01111011 Sym5 EOF 11011111 Page 11 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver The ISO15693 protocol, mode 1 out of 256, is implemented using three symbols. Start of frame (SOF), end of frame (EOF) and pulses encoding result of the combination of these three symbols. ISO15693 (1 out of 256) Symbol ISO15693 (1 out of 256) Code Name Combination Sym0 11111111 SOF Sym2+2*Sym0+Sym1 Sym1 11110000 EOF Sym0+Sym2 Sym2 00001111 Pulse 1 to 256 255*Sym0+Sym1 Note • The position of the symbol Sym1 encodes pulses from 1 to 256. For example: Pulse1 = Sym1 + 255*Sym0 and Pulse45 = 44*Sym0 + Sym1 + 211*Sym0. The ISO14443 -A protocol is implemented using three symbols, according to the ISO specification. ISO14443-A Symbol Name Code Sym0 X 11110011 Sym1 Y 11111111 Sym2 Z 00111111 The ISO14443 -B protocol is implemented with only two symbols. This allows fast addressing with only one CK pulse. ISO14443-B Symbol Name Code Sym0 L 00000000 Sym1 H 11111111 Time Reference Setup The time reference is defined in the EncoderTimeRef register. The time reference contains the value of one bit time. Hence Symbol _ Time = 8 * Bit _ Time The bit time is defined by the EncTimeRef parameter. EncTimeRef is an integer value, it is calculated as follows: EncTime Re f = Bit _ Time −1 1 3.39Mhz EncTimeRef is coded on 5 bits. This means that Bit_Time_max = 9.44µs and Symbol_Time_max = 75.52µs. 3901090121 Rev. 006 Page 12 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver ISO Examples Norm ISO15693 (1 out of 4) Symbol Bit EncTimeRef Time Time 75.52 µs 9.44 µs 0x1F (11111) ISO15693 (1 out of 256) 18.88 µs 2.36 µs 0x07 (00111) ISO14443 9.44 µs 1.18 µs 0x03 (00011) Symbol Transmission CK and DIN inputs are used to transmit symbols. On each rising edge of the CK signal, DIN is sampled to encode the address of the corresponding symbol. This means that each address of the seven available symbols can be encoded with a maximum of three bits (meaning three CK pulses). To reduce the usage of the microcontroller for fast protocol, Sym0 and Sym1 can be transmitted with only one bit and, Sym2 and Sym3 with two bits, as shown in the following table. Symbol First Symbol Subsequent Symbols 3 bits are needed to initiate Transmission Reduced encoding possible (minimum 1 bit) Sym0 000 0 Sym1 001 1 Sym2 010 10 Sym3 011 11 Sym4 100 100 Sym5 101 101 Sym6 (*) 110 110 (*) Symbol 6 is hard coded to 0xFF (11111111). To initiate a transmission, it is necessary to send the first symbol with three CK pulses to initialize the communication. On every rising edge of DSYNC, the following symbol is sent. To complete the transmission, no more CK pulse should be sent after EOF symbol. 3901090121 Rev. 006 Page 13 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver Signal Assign MODE 1 RTB 0 DIN Symbol to transmit CK Clock DOUT x DSYNC Symbol Synchronization 11.3.2. Reception 11.3.2.a. Analog Setup For a proper reception, the analog chain has to be configured according to the following parameters in the AnalogConfig register: • • ByPassAll: It bypasses the analog filters in the analog chain. Must be enabled for AM reception. RSub-carrier: It selects the reception sub-carrier frequency – See table. RSub-carrier Sub-carrier 0 423 / 484 kHz 1 847 kHz ISO Examples Standard 3901090121 Rev. 006 ByPassAll RSub-carrier ISO15693-Single Sub-carrier 1 0 ISO15693-Dual Sub-carrier 0 0 ISO14443-A 1 1 ISO14443-B 0 1 Page 14 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 11.3.2.b. Direct Reception After analog processing, data reception can be either direct or pre-processed by hardware accelerators, according to the configuration of the SelDOUT parameter in the DigitalConfig register. SelDout Note • Output Hardware ISO Standard 00 AM (direct) -- ISO15693-Single Sub-carrier and ISO14443 - A 01 FM (direct) -- -- 10 FSK (423/484 kHz) FSK decoder ISO15693-Dual Sub-carrier 11 PSK (847 kHz) PSK decoder ISO14443-B The output phase of PSK decoder is either normal or inverted. Direct reception is achieved with the following setup. Signal Assign MODE 1 RTB 1 DIN 1 CK 0 DOUT Received data DSYNC x 11.3.2.c. Reception with Majority Voting (MV) Majority voting allows to: • • • Filter noisy signal, Compensate for jitter, Correct distorted signals. At the beginning of the time slot (MVTime), an up / down counter is reset. When the input signal is asserted high, it is counting up and when the input signal is asserted low, it is counting down. At the end of time slot, the counter value is checked and the output value is set accordingly (low if counter is negative; high if counter is positive). Input signal Majority Voting D1 D2 0 1 0 1 2 1 2 3 0 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -2 -3 MV output D1 D2 MVTime Majority Voting Setup The following parameters in the DigitalConfig register have to be set when using majority voting. • • MVEn: it enables the majority voting function. DecTimeRef: it defines the duration of the time slot (MVTime) 3901090121 Rev. 006 Page 15 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver DecTime Re f = MVTime −1 1 6.78Mhz MVTime _ max = 37.76µs ISO examples Norm MVTime DecTimeRef ISO15693 Single Sub-carrier – high baud rate 18.88µs (half bit) 127 ISO15693 Dual Sub-carrier – high baud rate 18.73µs (half bit) 126 ISO15693 Single Sub-carrier – low baud rate 37.6µs (quarter bit) 255 ISO15693 Dual Sub-carrier – low baud rate 37.46µs (quarter bit) 253 ISO1444-A 4.72µs (half bit) 31 9.44µs (full bit) ISO1444-B Note • 63 For Manchester coding, majority voting is on half bit portions only. In addition, the MVMode parameter in the DigitalConfig register allows giving more weight to low input levels. Note • It is highly recommended to use Majority Voting for all ISO standard configurations. MV Reception To start a reception with majority voting function, assert CK high at the beginning of the response. Then take data on every falling edge of DSYNC. Reception is stopped by asserting CK low on the last rising edge of DSYNC. Data output are delayed by DecTimeRef (see next figure). CK DSYNC Input Signal D0 D1 D2 D3 DOUT X D0 D1 D2 Input Signal D3 Majority Voting DOUT 3901090121 Rev. 006 Page 16 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver Example in ISO1569-Dual Sub-carrier Input Signal DOUT CK MV start Standard Reference for input signal ISO15693-Single Sub-carrier Rising edge ISO15693-Dual Sub-carrier Rising edge ISO14443-A Rising edge ISO14443-B Rising / Falling edge Data Slicer LTC is an internal signal which controls the time constant of the comparator. This signal is switched to ensure a proper decoding in ASK modes in order to improve the reading performances. LTC is controlled according to the following parameters in the LTC register: • • LTCEn: it enables the LTC circuit. LTCDelay: delay to switch the time constant (see next table). + RSSI Delay LTC LTCDelay Recommended delay for ISO standard 3901090121 Rev. 006 Standard DelayTime LTCDelay ISO15693-Single Sub-carrier 4.72µs 0x1F ISO14443-A 1.47µs 0x09 Page 17 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver Example in ISO15693-Single Sub-carrier Input Signal DOUT CK MV start LTC LTCDelay 11.4. Power Modes This chip has three power modes. To select one of these modes write the PowerState parameter in the PowerState register. PowerState Power Mode Symbol 00 Low Power Idle 01 Transmitter On Itr 11 Power Down Istb Power Down If the Power Down mode is selected, the crystal oscillator will be turned off. Therefore, it will be impossible to write the PowerState register to wake up the chip. To wake up the chip, it is necessary to send a falling edge on CK when DIN is low. During Power Down mode, keep DIN high to avoid glitches on CK. Wake-up MODE CK DIN PowerDown PowerOn Notes • After a wake-up, the chip has to be set in Transmitter On or Low Power mode by updating the PowerState register, after Tstart. Low Power The oscillator is still on but all analog circuitry is off. 3901090121 Rev. 006 Page 18 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 11.5. XBUF Output The XBUF pin can be used to clock a device or a microcontroller. By default the output is enabled with a frequency of 6.78MHz. The frequency can be doubled to 13.56MHz by setting the bit XBUFSel. When the output is not used, it is recommended to disable the clock by setting the bit XBUFEnB. 3901090121 Rev. 006 Page 19 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 12. Configuration Registers The following tables explain the meaning of the bit configurations in the 13 registers. Register : AnalogConfig Address : 0 Bit Default Name Function 7 0 XBUFSel XBUF frequency selection (0 = 6.78MHz, 1 = 13.56MHz ) 6 0 XBUFEnB XBUF Enable (0= Enabled, 1 = Disabled) 5 0 TModIndex Transmission Modulation Index (0 = 100%, 1= 10%) 4 0 RSub-carrier Reception Sub-carrier (0 = 450K , 1 = 847K) – See notes 3 0 Reserved Do not use – Should always be configured at 0 2 0 ByPassAll Bypass analog chain (0= Connected, 1 = Bypassed) – See notes 1:0 0 Reserved Do not use - Should always be configured at 11 Notes ByPassAll Demodulation 0 FSK / PSK 1 ASK RSub-carrier Sub-carrier frequency 0 423 / 484 kHz 1 847 kHz Register : PowerState Address : 1 Bit Default Name Function 7:2 0 Reserved Do not use 1:0 0 PowerState Chip Power State – See notes Notes Power State [1:0] 3901090121 Rev. 006 Mode 0 0 Idle (oscillator on) 0 1 Transmitter On 1 0 Unused 1 1 Power Down (oscillator off) Page 20 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver Register : Reserved Address : 2 Bit Default Name Function 7:0 0 Reserved Do not use Register : DigitalConfig Address : 3 Bit Default Name Function 7:6 0 -- Unused 5 0 Reserved Do not use 4 0 MVMode Majority Voting Mode (0 = other, 1 = ISO14443A) 3 0 MVEn Majority Voting Enable (0=Disabled, 1 = Enabled) 2:1 0 SelDout Reception Output Selection (see table) 0 0 EncoderEn Hardware Encoder Enable (0=Disabled, 1 = Enabled) Notes SelDout 00 Output AM (DATA): ‘1’ = sub carrier ; ‘0’ = no sub carrier 01 FM (LIMITER): rough digital signal 10 FSK decoded: ‘1’ when f = 423kHz, ‘0’ when f = 484kHz 11 PSK decoded Register : EncoderSym Address : 4 to 9 Bit Default Name Function 7:0 0 EncoderSym0 Encoder Symbol 0 7:0 0 EncoderSym1 Encoder Symbol 1 7:0 0 EncoderSym2 Encoder Symbol 2 7:0 0 EncoderSym3 Encoder Symbol 3 7:0 0 EncoderSym4 Encoder Symbol 4 7:0 0 EncoderSym5 Encoder Symbol 5 Notes • Symbol 6 is hard-coded to 0xFF (11111111). 3901090121 Rev. 006 Page 21 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver Register : EncoderTimeRef Address : A Bit Default Name Function 7:5 0 -- Unused 4:0 0 EncTimeRef Encoder Time Reference Register : DecoderTimeRef Address : B Bit Default 7:0 0 Name Function DecTimeRef Decoder Time Reference Register : LTC Address : C Bit Default Name Function 7:6 0 -- Unused 5:1 0 LTCDelay LTC Delay 0 0 LTCEn LTC Enable (0=Disabled, 1 = Enabled) 13. Configuration Registers: ISO Configuration Examples Norm ISO15693 ASK Address Register ISO14443 FSK High Baud Rate High Baud Rate 100% modulation 10% modulation A B 0 AnalogConfig 47 63 57 73 1 PowerState* 01 01 01 01 2 Reserved 00 00 00 00 3 DigitalConfig 09 0D 19 0F 4 EncoderSym0 BF BF F3 00 5 EncoderSym1 EF EF FF FF 6 EncoderSym2 FB FB 3F 00 7 EncoderSym3 FE FE 00 00 8 EncoderSym4 7B 7B 00 00 9 EncoderSym5 DF DF 00 00 10 EncoderTimeRef 1F 1F 03 03 11 DecoderTimeRef 7F 7E 1F 3F 12 LTC 3F 00 13 00 Notes • • All values are in hexadecimal notation. Transmitter is switched on. 3901090121 Rev. 006 Page 22 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 14. Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis products with different soldering processes Our products are classified and qualified regarding soldering technology, solderability and moisture sensitivity level according to following test methods: Reflow Soldering SMD’s (Surface Mount Devices) • • IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity Classification for Nonhermetic Solid State Surface Mount Devices (classification reflow profiles according to table 5-2) EIA/JEDEC JESD22-A113 Preconditioning of Nonhermetic Surface Mount Devices Prior to Reliability Testing (reflow profiles according to table 2) Wave Soldering SMD’s (Surface Mount Devices) and THD’s (Through Hole Devices) • • EN60749-20 Resistance of plastic- encapsulated SMD’s to combined effect of moisture and soldering heat EIA/JEDEC JESD22-B106 and EN60749-15 Resistance to soldering temperature for through-hole mounted devices Iron Soldering THD’s (Through Hole Devices) • EN60749-15 Resistance to soldering temperature for through-hole mounted devices Solderability SMD’s (Surface Mount Devices) and THD’s (Through Hole Devices) • EIA/JEDEC JESD22-B102 and EN60749-21 Solderability For all soldering technologies deviating from above mentioned standard conditions (regarding peak temperature, temperature gradient, temperature profile etc) additional classification and qualification tests have to be agreed upon with Melexis. The application of Wave Soldering for SMD’s is allowed only after consulting Melexis regarding assurance of adhesive strength between device and board. Melexis is contributing to global environmental conservation by promoting lead free solutions. For more information on qualifications of RoHS compliant products (RoHS = European directive on the Restriction Of the use of certain Hazardous Substances) please visit the quality page on our website: http://www.melexis.com/quality.asp. 15. ESD Precautions Electronic semiconductor products are sensitive to Electro Static Discharge (ESD). Always observe Electro Static Discharge control procedures whenever handling semiconductor products. 3901090121 Rev. 006 Page 23 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 16. Package Information The device is packaged in a 20 pin lead free SSOP package. Pin # Symbol Pin Type Description 1 VDD1 Supply Transmitter power supply 2 TX Analog Output transistor drain connection 3 MOD Analog External resistor to set modulation depth Supply Transmitter section ground 4 VSS1 RX 20 5 XOUT Dig-Out Output of crystal resonator 2 TX VSS3 19 6 XIN Dig-In Input of crystal resonator and external system clock input 3 MOD RES2 18 7 VSS2 Supply Digital section ground 4 VSS1 VDD3 17 8 XBUF Dig-Out Buffered output of crystal oscillator 5 XOUT DSYNC 16 9 RES1 Reserved Should be grounded for normal operation 10 RTB Dig-In Receive/Transmit selection 11 DOUT Dig-Out Data output 1 VDD1 6 XIN CK 15 7 VSS2 MODE 14 12 VDD2 Supply Digital section power supply 8 XBUF DIN 13 13 DIN Dig-In Data input for registers or modulation 9 RES1 VDD2 12 14 MODE Dig-In Configuration/Communication selection 10 RTB DOUT 11 15 CK Dig-In Serial clock input 16 DSYNC Dig-Out Data synchronization output 17 VDD3 Supply Receiver section power supply 18 RES2 Reserved Should be left unconnected for normal operation 19 VSS3 Supply Receiver section ground 20 RX Ana-In Receiver input Moisture Sensitivity Level is MSL3, according as per IPC/JEDEC J-STD-20. The mechanical dimensions of this package are depicted on the following page. 3901090121 Rev. 006 Page 24 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 3901090121 Rev. 006 Page 25 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 17. Disclaimer Devices sold by Melexis are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Term of Sale. Melexis makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Melexis reserves the right to change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with Melexis for current information. This product is intended for use in normal commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature range, unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical life-support or life-sustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by Melexis for each application. The information furnished by Melexis is believed to be correct and accurate. However, Melexis shall not be liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interrupt of business or indirect, special incidental or consequential damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of the technical data herein. No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of Melexis’ rendering of technical or other services. Important notice: The use of Melexis products or software to create products or systems that may infringe the Intellectual Property rights of third parties is entirely the responsibility of the customer and Melexis accepts no liability for such infringements. © 2005 Melexis NV. All rights reserved. For the latest version of this document, go to our website at: www.melexis.com Or for additional inform ation contact Melexis Direct: Europe and Japan: All other locations: Phone: +32 13 67 04 95 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +1 603 223 2362 E-mail: [email protected] ISO/TS 16949 and ISO14001 Certified 3901090121 Rev. 006 Page 26 of 26 Data Sheet Dec-2005