cd00291691

AN3317
Application note
PCB guidelines for SPEAr1340
This document applies to the SPEAr1340 embedded microprocessor, and is intended to
assist experienced printed circuit board designers.
April 2012
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
1/22
Contents
AN3317
Contents
1
Power integrity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2
PCB layer stacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3
Via padstack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1
Part orientation and placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4
Ground and power supply connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5
DDR memory interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6
5.1
DRAM power decoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.2
Signal routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.3
Trace length matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.4
Return path integrity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.5
Vref routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.6
Observability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
USB routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.1
USB decoupling and reference resistor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7
TDR test traces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8
Layer order check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Appendix A Low-inductance capacitor layout in high-frequency applications 19
A.1
0402 package compact land pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
A.2
0402 package low inductance layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2/22
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
AN3317
List of tables
List of tables
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
Trace length matching guidelines, balanced-T configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
USB signal routing constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
USB power, ground, and reference guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
0402 package compact land pattern dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
0402 packages low inductance layout dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
3/22
List of figures
AN3317
List of figures
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
4/22
PCB bottom layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Routing topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Data signal routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
PCB cross section showing minimum spacing dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Decoupling capacitor layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
0402 package compact land pattern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
0402 package low inductance layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
AN3317
1
Power integrity
Power integrity
One of the most important requirements of a reliable high-speed memory interface, and
most commonly underestimated, is a low impedance, wide bandwidth power supply at the
power and ground balls of the devices.
Achieving the necessary performance requires minimizing all parasitic inductances found in
power delivery and grounding connections, exploiting various techniques to provide low
impedance paths, and attention to controlling plane resonances.
A solid, unbroken ground plane located close to the high-speed devices in the PCB layer
stack is critical. The ground plane must not have large gaps anywhere in the area of the
interface. Be especially aware of overlapping antipads that can create an extended gap in
the internal plane layers.
A power plane closely spaced to the ground plane greatly aids in high-frequency decoupling
by providing a low inductance path between a capacitor and the device's power balls.
Use a low-inductance layout for all high-frequency decoupling capacitors.
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
5/22
PCB layer stacking
2
AN3317
PCB layer stacking
Include a closely spaced power and ground plane pair; a minimum of 6 layers is
recommended, as follows:
●
Layer 1: signal
●
Layer 2: ground plane, unbroken
●
Layer 3: power plane and islands, signals
●
Layer 4: signal and power routing
●
Layer 5: ground plane, unbroken
●
Layer 6: signal
Select dielectric thickness to support required signal trace characteristic impedances and
power plane capacitance and inductance.
Perform resonance analysis on all plane cavities.
6/22
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
AN3317
3
Via padstack
Via padstack
Ensure that via padstack dimensions support density requirements.
While meeting PCB fabrication tolerances, make antipad diameters small enough to allow
an adequate copper web between the clearance holes of adjacent vias.
3.1
Part orientation and placement
To optimize routing and signal integrity, give the DRAM placement and orientation priority
over other unassociated components.
Orient DRAM components such that the DQ balls face the controller.
Define a dedicated area for the memory system that encloses all components associated
with the memory system and excludes all other components and signal routing.
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
7/22
Ground and power supply connections
4
AN3317
Ground and power supply connections
For proper device operation, it is critical to provide a very low impedance, wide bandwidth
connection to ground and to the voltage supplies. To achieve this, minimize inductance
between the device power and ground balls, and the PCB ground plane and decoupling
network. This guideline also applies to other critical components:
●
termination resistors
●
decoupling capacitors
●
ICs
●
multiple ground or power pins from the same IC
Directly connect each ground ball to the PCB ground plane with its own via. Do not share
vias among multiple ground balls.
Exception: the center 10 x 10 ground ball grid should have a fully populated ground via
grid between the balls, and the surface layers may be filled.
Directly connect each power ball to the PCB decoupling network with its own via. Do not
share vias among multiple power balls.
Exception: when multiple power balls are adjacent to each other and are connected to
the same voltage plane, but use the maximum number of vias that space allows.
To avoid cross-contamination of ground or power supplies between different devices (for
example, an IC and a termination resistor), do not share ground connections among multiple
ground or power balls. Give each ball and pin its own via to the ground or power plane. Do
not simply connect power and ground connections to surface layer copper fill areas, which
are not good low impedance paths at high frequencies.
Ball-to-via trace: Connect each ground and power ball to its via with a short, wide trace. Do
not simply connect ground or power balls to surface fill areas; a close, direct via to the
ground or power plane is necessary.
Caution:
Note:
8/22
It is critical to minimize trace length and maximize trace width.
●
In the ball field, make trace length less than 1 mm.
●
Outside the ball field, make trace length less than 0.25 mm.
●
Make trace width wide.
When it is not possible to achieve a close direct trace, a relatively high impedance will result.
Make every effort to minimize trace length, and consider high impedance power connections
only for power connections that require lower bandwidth.
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
AN3317
DDR memory interface
5
DDR memory interface
5.1
DRAM power decoupling
A low impedance, wide bandwidth power delivery network (PDN) is critical for the proper
operation of high-speed ICs such as SPEAr and DDR memory. If the PDN impedance is too
high or does not have sufficient bandwidth, logic performance is affected. This results in
ground and rail bounce, and slower rise and fall times of both IO and internal logic, which in
turn results in delayed timing of events. These timing delays from inadequate ground and
power subtract directly from the specified timing budget, which can result in interface failure.
To achieve a low impedance wide bandwidth power delivery network, use the appropriate
decoupling capacitors and capacitor layout. A large portion of the power delivery network’s
frequency spectrum is above the decoupling capacitor’s series resonant frequency, where
they are inductive. The PCB layout for decoupling capacitors is also inductive, and is a
larger inductance than that of the capacitors themselves.
For IC core voltage and high-speed IO supplies (such as DDR) select:
●
capacitors with low inherent inductance (small package size)
●
a lossy dielectric
●
a PCB layout that provides the lowest possible inductance
Use as many capacitors as can fit in the space available. This creates many parallel paths,
reducing the overall inductance seen by the IC. A small capacitor package size and a small
layout enable this.
5.1.1
Capacitors
See also, Appendix A: Low-inductance capacitor layout in high-frequency applications
Package: Use 0402 package size to minimize mounting inductance. The small 0402
package also frees board space, which is essential in high density areas for more
decoupling capacitors and signal routing.
Capacitance: 100 nF or larger
A few capacitors of smaller value will probably be necessary for plane resonance
suppression. The correct values for these depend on the board layout and stack up, and
must be determined individually for each unique PC board.
Dielectric: X7R or X5R dielectric. Do not use Y5V dielectric for decoupling mid-frequency
applications.
Decoupling capacitor layout
Decoupling capacitors layout is extremely important to minimize the induction loop formed
between the capacitor and the IC power and ground balls. Using the layout guidelines that
follow can reduce the capacitor mounting induction loop by 50% or more over a layout with
vias at the end of the capacitor lands. If space allows, a second pair of vias on the opposite
side of the capacitor will reduce the inductance further. Closely follow the decoupling layout
example on page 10.
●
Place vias on the side of the capacitor lands, not on the ends.
●
Locate vias at minimum keepout distance, and connect them to the capacitor lands with
a wide trace – at least as wide as the via pad.
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
9/22
DDR memory interface
●
AN3317
Place vias of opposite polarity as close together as possible (minimum keepout
distance), and separate vias of the same polarity as much as possible.
Decoupling layout example
Figure 1 is an
example of an
effective
low-inductance
decoupling
capacitor
placement and
mounting layout.
5.2
Figure 1.
PCB bottom layer
GND
I/O VDD3V3
VDD1V2
DDR PHY VDD1V2
DDR I/O VDD1V5
PLL VDD1V2
PLL AVDD2V5
USB VDD3V3
USB VDD1V2
USB VDD2V5
MIPHY VDDPLL2V5
MIPHY VDDPLL1V2
MIPHY VDDR1V2
VDD I/O GMAC
VREG2 3V3 IN
VREG1 3V3 IN
NAND VDD I/O1
NAND VDD I/O2
Signal routing
The guidelines in this section are sufficient for initial routing. Simulate all layouts with IBIS
models to verify adequate timing margins. Modify layouts as necessary to improve the
interface and to comply with all timing parameters. Modifications can include trace length,
width, and spacing, and stack up.
5.2.1
Data signal routing
Where routing density allows, increase trace spacing to reduce crosstalk (see also
Section 5.4: Return path integrity).
Do not route any other signals inside or on top of the area reserved for the DDR.
Maintain adequate separation between DDR signals and any other signals.
For traces routed near the edge of a reference plane, keep the trace at least 30 mil from the
edge of the reference plane.
To minimize reflection, ensure that all traces have an impedance of 45 to 55Ω.
5.2.2
CLK/CLK# and DQS/DQS# signals
Route CLK/CLK# and DQS/DQS# signals as length-matched differential pairs.
10/22
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
AN3317
5.3
DDR memory interface
Trace length matching
Always use trace length equalization to maximize the valid timing window of all signals, and
include the trace lengths inside the SPEAr device package.
A spreadsheet that compensates for the trace lengths inside the substrate is available to
compute the necessary PCB trace length offsets (contact ST).
Fly-by and balanced-T topologies each have advantages and disadvantages. Which
topology is best suited for a particular application must be evaluated on a case-by-case
basis, and take into consideration any other system constraints.
5.3.1
Address, control, and command (A/C/C) signal group,
fly-by configuration
Match trace lengths on the address, control, and command trace segments between the
SPEAr device and the first memory device in the chain.
The spreadsheet mentioned above is the easiest way to compute lengths for the A/C/C
signal group between the SPEAr device and the first memory device.
Match trace lengths for each segment group between memory devices.
Locate terminations beyond the final memory device in the chain.
Length matching is not critical between the final memory device and the termination, but
keep the termination components reasonably near the final memory device.
Ensure that the termination resistors have excellent decoupling.
5.3.2
A/C/C signal group, dual DRAM balanced-T configuration
Balanced-T topology does not require termination resistors (except for clk and nclk).
Balanced-T topology does require equal length branches on all signals within the A/C/C
signal group. Signal integrity degrades rapidly with unequal branch lengths, with serious
negative effects on signal timing.
The spreadsheet mentioned above is the easiest way to compute lengths for the A/C/C
signal group.
Place the differential clock termination resistors near the T junction.
For a single rank dual DRAM configuration, either fly-by or balanced-T topology can be
used.
5.3.3
Data signal groups
Provide matched trace lengths for each 8-bit data slice, DM signals, and DQS/DQSn
signals. It is not necessary to match the trace lengths of one data slice with the trace lengths
of any other data slice, because they are independent from a timing perspective. The
spreadsheet mentioned above is the easiest way to compute lengths for each data slice
signal group.
Figure 2 and Table 1 describe the length matching guidelines for a dual DRAM topology.
Note:
This is a guideline only; perform simulations using IBIS models on the actual PCB layout to
assess signal integrity and timing margin.
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
11/22
DDR memory interface
AN3317
Fly-by topology routes A/C/C signal groups in a daisy chain fashion, with terminations on
all signals after the last DRAM device. Data lane slices are routed to individual DRAM
devices.
Balanced T topology can be used for A/C/C signal groups if only two memory devices are
used.
Figure 2.
Routing topologies
SPEAr1340
SPEAr1340
ADDR/CON/COM
ADDR/CON/COM
DQ[15:0]
DQ[31:16]
DQ[ECC]
DQ[15:0]
DQ[31:16]
L2
L3
DRAM2
Termination
DRAM1
DRAM3
DRAM2
DRAM1
L1
Equal length
Fly-by topology
Table 1.
Trace length matching guidelines, balanced-T configuration
Parameter
5.3.4
Balanced T topology
Description
Maximum
Unit
tmm
L1+L2, L1+L3 length matching for all signals
15
ps
Tmm2,3
|L2-L3| length matching tolerance of branches
30
ps
Data signal routing
To simplify the routing of the data signals, it is possible to swap data between data slices.
But it is mandatory to route and connect the SPEAr DDR_DQ0 (ball AF2), DDR_DQ8 (ball
AH3) DDR_DQ16 (ball AE8) and DATA24 (ball AH9) on each LSB DDR data pin.
12/22
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
AN3317
DDR memory interface
Figure 3.
Data signal routing
U1A
3
DATA[15..0]
DATA[15..0]
3 DQS0
3 nDQS0
3 DQS1
3 nDQS1
3
3
DATA0
DATA1
DATA2
DATA3
DATA4
DATA5
DATA6
DATA7
AF2
AF4
AF1
AF5
AE1
AE6
AE2
AE4
DATA8
DATA9
DATA10
DATA11
DATA12
DATA13
DATA14
DATA15
AH3
AH2
AH6
AG1
AG5
AG2
AH5
AH1
DQS0
nDQS0
AE3
AF3
DQS1
nDQS1
AH4
AG4
DDR_ADDR0
DDR_ADDR1
DDR_ADDR2
DDR_ADDR3
DDR_ADDR4
DDR_ADDR5
DDR_ADDR6
DDR_ADDR7
DDR_ADDR8
DDR_ADDR9
DDR_ADDR10
DDR_ADDR11
DDR_ADDR12
DDR_ADDR13
DDR_ADDR14
DDR_DQ8
DDR_DQ9
DDR_DQ10
DDR_DQ11
DDR_DQ12
DDR_DQ13
DDR_DQ14
DDR_DQ15
DDR_BA0
DDR_BA1
DDR_BA2
DDR_DQS0p
DDR_DQS0n
DDR_ODT0
DDR_ODT1
DDR_DQS1p
DDR_DQS1n
AE5
AG3
DQM0
DQM1
DQM0
DQM1
SPEAr 1340
DDR_DQ0
DDR_DQ1
DDR_DQ2
DDR_DQ3
DDR_DQ4
DDR_DQ5
DDR_DQ6
DDR_DQ7
DDR_CS0n
DDR_CS1n
DDR_DM0
DDR_DM1
DDR WE
2,4
DATA[7..0]
U3
W2
V2
V3
Y2
W1
Y4
V1
T1
U4
AA3
V4
AA2
Y1
W4
ADDR0
ADDR1
ADDR2
ADDR3
ADDR4
ADDR5
ADDR6
ADDR7
ADDR8
ADDR9
ADDR10
ADDR11
ADDR12
ADDR13
ADDR14
Y3
W3
AA1
BA0
BA1
BA2
AC3
U2
ODT0
ODT1
AB3
U1
nCS0
nCS1
AA4
nWE
BA0
BA1
BA2
3,4
3,4
3,4
ODT0
ODT1
3,4
3,4
nCS0
nCS1
3,4
3,4
WE
34
ADDR[14..0]
2
U2
B3
C7
C2
C8
E3
E8
D2
E7
DATA0
DATA1
DATA6
DATA3
DATA4
DATA5
DATA2
DATA7
C3
D3
2 DQS0
2 nDQS0
2
DQM0
2,4
2,4
nCS0
nCS1
2,4
2,4
2,4
B7
A7
H2
H1
H3
F3
G3
nWE
nRAS
nCAS
DATA[15..8]
DATA0
DATA1
DATA2
DATA3
NF/DATA4
NF/DATA5
NF/DATA6
NF/DATA7
DQS
nDQS
DM, DM/TDQS
NF, NF/nTDQS
ADDR0
ADDR1
ADDR2
ADDR3
ADDR4
ADDR5
ADDR6
ADDR7
ADDR8
ADDR9
ADDR10/AP
ADDR11
ADDR12/#BC
A13
A14
nCS0
nCS1
nWE
nRAS
nCAS
SDRAM
DDR3
BA2
BA1
BA0
VREF_DQ
VREF_CA
K3
L7
L3
K2
L8
L2
M8
M2
N8
M3
H7
M7
K7
N3
N7
ADDR0
ADDR1
ADDR2
ADDR3
ADDR4
ADDR5
ADDR6
ADDR7
ADDR8
ADDR9
ADDR10
ADDR11
ADDR12
ADDR13
ADDR14
J3
K8
J2
E1
J8
BA2
BA1
BA0
2,4
2,4
2,4
DDR3_VREF
2
U3
DATA8
DATA14
DATA13
DATA12
DATA11
DATA10
DATA9
DATA15
C3
D3
2 DQS1
2 nDQS1
2
R69
2
B3
C7
C2
C8
E3
E8
D2
E7
B7
A7
DQM1
nCS0
nCS1
H2
H1
nWE
nRAS
H3
F3
DATA0
DATA1
DATA2
DATA3
NF/DATA4
NF/DATA5
NF/DATA6
NF/DATA7
DQS
nDQS
DM, DM/TDQS
NF, NF/nTDQS
ADDR0
ADDR1
ADDR2
ADDR3
ADDR4
ADDR5
ADDR6
ADDR7
ADDR8
ADDR9
ADDR10/AP
ADDR11
ADDR12/#BC
A13
A14
nCS0
nCS1
nWE
SDRAM
DDR3
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
BA2
BA1
BA0
K3
L7
L3
K2
L8
L2
M8
M2
N8
M3
H7
M7
K7
N3
N7
ADDR0
ADDR1
ADDR2
ADDR3
ADDR4
ADDR5
ADDR6
ADDR7
ADDR8
ADDR9
ADDR10
ADDR11
ADDR12
ADDR13
ADDR14
J3
K8
J2
BA2
BA1
BA0
13/22
DDR memory interface
5.4
AN3317
Return path integrity
To minimize signal delays, significant crosstalk, and timing violations, a continuous path for
return current must exist for all DRAM signals.
To simplify return paths, route all signals referenced to a ground plane.
Do not route any DDR3 signals on top of split planes or copper voids.
For traces routed near the edge of a reference plane, keep a minimum of 30 mil between the
trace and the edge of the reference plane.
Signal layer changes
The preferred location for layer change vias is near the signal ball under a device, either
DRAM or SPEAr, enabling a signal return path through the device ground vias and
decoupling capacitors.
If layer changes through a via to a different reference plane are necessary away from the
devices:
5.5
●
Provide the layer transitions a nearby path for return current.
●
If both layers are ground, place a return path ground via less than 1 mm from the signal
via.
●
Avoid sharing return current vias; each signal via should have its own nearby return via
(ground via). If multiple signals change layers in close proximity:
–
Provide each signal via its own return current via.
–
Use a stagger pattern to separate signal vias (and their return current vias) from
other signal vias.
–
If routing density prevents a stagger pattern, add as many ground vias as possible
among the signal vias.
Vref routing
Provide an accurate and quiet Vref to both the dram and the controller. Because of the slope
of the signal, a noisy Vref effectively introduces jitter, which can be a significant source of
jitter-caused timing errors.
Vref is generated by a precision voltage divider.
Recommended: Use 0.1% tolerance resistors.
Place a decoupling capacitor very close (within 1 mm) to the Vref balls.
Use good capacitor layout techniques. Place the voltage divider resistors close to the DRAM
device to minimize trace length, but not so close that they interfere with other critical signal
or power routing.
Do not route the Vref trace near noisy traces or planes.
Do not place a decoupling capacitor at the junction of the resistors – only at the Vref balls.
If the Vref trace length must be long, make the divider resistor value close to 2x the
characteristic impedance of the Vref trace; 150 Ω should work well without consuming too
much power. If a long trace, noise coupling, or both is unavoidable between the DRAM and
the controller, it is preferable to generate a separate Vref for the DRAM and the controller.
14/22
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
AN3317
5.6
DDR memory interface
Observability
For system validation, timing, signal quality, and debugging, it is important to be able to
observe certain signals. Place test points on any signals or set of signals required for these
purposes.
Always provide a ground via near test points for the probe ground, preferably within 1 mm.
Very small test point pads can be used, preferably just a signal via. If there is insufficient
space, a simple window in the solder mask over a trace provides exposed metal for probing.
Do not create test point structures that significantly degrade signal quality, such as large test
points or stubs.
Locate test points at both ends of a trace (two test points per signal), as close to the device
balls as practical (a via next to the ball is preferable, untented on the bottom layer).
In high-speed interfaces, it is especially important to be able to observe signals at both the
driving and the receiving end of a trace to validate timing parameters and to quantify driver
behavior and reflection. Observing a signal at only one end can hide important features that
are evident at the other end, even with very short traces as is the case in a point-to-point
DDR interface.
In a DDR memory interface, the routing and component density is too high to add test points
on all signals. A subset of DDR signals with test points is a good compromise. Include test
points for the following DDR signals in all designs:
●
CLK/nCLK
●
DQS/nDQS: All data lanes
●
DQ: Select a small number of signals that represent the best and worst signal paths, at
least two DQ signals.
●
Address and Control: Select signals of interest that represent the best and worst
signal paths.
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
15/22
USB routing
6
AN3317
USB routing
Ensure that USB signal trace routing follows good high speed PCB rules, and meets the
specifications for differential impedance and maximum trace delay between the connector
and the SPEAr device.
Route USB data traces with the shortest, most direct path possible to their connectors.
USB data traces should have no resistors.
Route USB data traces only over ground planes.
Never route USB data traces across gaps or breaks in the return plane.
Never route USB data traces under other devices or between the pins of other devices.
Widely separate USB data vias from other signal vias.
If USB data traces must transition layers to a different return plane, place ground vias for the
return current very close to the signal vias.
Table 2.
Parameter
Zodiff
Td Dev
USB signal routing constraints
Description
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Units
81
90
Differential Impedance(1)
Trace delay of device
99
Ω
port(1)
1.0
ns
(1)
3.0
ns
0.15
3.8
inch
mm
Td Host
Trace delay of host port
Td-match
Trace length mismatch
—
Number or length of stubs
—
Number of via transitions
0
1
(2)
—
Space to adjacent signal traces
3
h(3)
—
Space to adjacent area fill(4)
3
h(3)
—
Space to edge of return plane
20
h(3)
1. Trace delay between SPEAr device and USB connector (Universal Serial Bus Specification, Revision 2.0)
2. Includes other USB data trace pairs.
3. The same as the units used for h, the thickness of the dielectric separating the trace from the nearest
plane (see Figure 4), which can vary from board-to-board.
4. Do not use guard traces or ground flood or fill adjacent to high speed signal traces.
Figure 4.
16/22
PCB cross section showing minimum spacing dimensions
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
AN3317
6.1
USB routing
USB decoupling and reference resistor
Place decoupling capacitors as close as possible to the power balls (preferably directly
under the power balls) using short, wide connecting traces.
Placing decoupling capacitors at a distance degrades performance, which can result in
interoperability problems and specification compliance violations.
Table 3.
USB power, ground, and reference guidelines
Pin
Guideline
*vss*
Connect all vss pins directly to internal PCB ground plane
*vdd*
Connect all vdd pins to 100 nF capacitor under ball using short wide trace
USB_TXRTUNE
43.2 Ω resistor to ground
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
17/22
TDR test traces
7
AN3317
TDR test traces
Add test traces to all PCB designs on all signal layers.
It is simple to add a single trace of nominal impedance between 8 to 15 cm long on each
signal layer (it does not have to be straight) to all designs, and can it always be placed where
it will not impact the functional design, for example, usually along the board perimeter.
Include a test point pattern that matches your TDR probe. Test traces are invaluable in
validating PCB impedance parameters.
8
Layer order check
Include a visual feature (stair step numbered windows) to verify layer ordered in all PCB
layouts. This is most commonly located along one edge of the board.
18/22
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
AN3317
Low-inductance capacitor layout in high-frequency applications
Appendix A
Low-inductance capacitor layout in
high-frequency applications
Figure 5 shows several decoupling capacitor layouts.
Do not use layouts a or b. These layouts have inherently high inductance, and thus a high
impedance at high frequencies.
Use layout d or e for high frequency decoupling applications. These layouts have low
inductance.
●
Where space allows, use the 4-via layout (e), which has the lowest inductance but
requires more board area.
●
Where space does not permit the 4-via layout, the 2-via layout (d) is a good
compromise.
Use layout c as a last resort when there is no space for either layout d or e.
Figure 5.
A.1
Decoupling capacitor layouts
0402 package compact land pattern
An area-efficient compact land pattern facilitates PCB layout of decoupling capacitors.
Figure 6 shows a commonly used land pattern.
Figure 6.
0402 package compact land pattern
Table 4.
0402 package compact land pattern dimensions
Dimension
Distance (mil)
A
20
B
20
C
15
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
19/22
Low-inductance capacitor layout in high-frequency applications
A.2
AN3317
0402 package low inductance layout
Figure 2 shows a low inductance layout for a 0402 decoupling capacitor using 2 vias with a
10 mil drill size. Note that:
●
Vias are placed close to the lands.
●
Vias of opposite polarity are place close together.
●
The trace connecting land to via is wide.
Figure 7.
0402 package low inductance layout
Table 5.
0402 packages low inductance layout dimensions
Dimension
Distance (mil)
D (land to hole)
Typically 8 to 10(1)
E (hole to hole)
Typically 30(2)
F (trace width)
20
1. The land to hole separation is determined by the PCB fabrication tolerances.
2. Minimize this distance, consistent with PCB fabrication tolerances. If the capacitor is placed within a BGA
ball field, make dimension E the same as the ball pitch.
20/22
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
AN3317
Revision history
Revision history
Table 6.
Document revision history
Date
Revision
Changes
14-Mar-2012
1.0
Initial release
06-Apr-2012
2.0
Update ST Corporate template
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2
21/22
AN3317
Please Read Carefully:
Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries (“ST”) reserve the
right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described herein at any
time, without notice.
All ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale.
Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the ST products and services described herein, and ST assumes no
liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the ST products and services described herein.
No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted under this document. If any part of this
document refers to any third party products or services it shall not be deemed a license grant by ST for the use of such third party products
or services, or any intellectual property contained therein or considered as a warranty covering the use in any manner whatsoever of such
third party products or services or any intellectual property contained therein.
UNLESS OTHERWISE SET FORTH IN ST’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE ST DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTY WITH RESPECT TO THE USE AND/OR SALE OF ST PRODUCTS INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS
OF ANY JURISDICTION), OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT.
UNLESS EXPRESSLY APPROVED IN WRITING BY TWO AUTHORIZED ST REPRESENTATIVES, ST PRODUCTS ARE NOT
RECOMMENDED, AUTHORIZED OR WARRANTED FOR USE IN MILITARY, AIR CRAFT, SPACE, LIFE SAVING, OR LIFE SUSTAINING
APPLICATIONS, NOR IN PRODUCTS OR SYSTEMS WHERE FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION MAY RESULT IN PERSONAL INJURY,
DEATH, OR SEVERE PROPERTY OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE. ST PRODUCTS WHICH ARE NOT SPECIFIED AS "AUTOMOTIVE
GRADE" MAY ONLY BE USED IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS AT USER’S OWN RISK.
Resale of ST products with provisions different from the statements and/or technical features set forth in this document shall immediately void
any warranty granted by ST for the ST product or service described herein and shall not create or extend in any manner whatsoever, any
liability of ST.
ST and the ST logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of ST in various countries.
Information in this document supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied.
The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics. All other names are the property of their respective owners.
© 2012 STMicroelectronics - All rights reserved
STMicroelectronics group of companies
Australia - Belgium - Brazil - Canada - China - Czech Republic - Finland - France - Germany - Hong Kong - India - Israel - Italy - Japan Malaysia - Malta - Morocco - Philippines - Singapore - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - United Kingdom - United States of America
www.st.com
22/22
Doc ID 18249 Rev 2