38A/125W

Technical
S pecification
PQ48033HTA38
48V in
3.3Vout
38Amp
2000Vdc
Half-brick
Input
Output
Current
Isolation
DC/DC Conver ter
The PQ48033HTA38 PowerQor ™ Tera half-bbrick converter
is a next-g
generation, board-m
mountable, isolated, fixed switch ing frequency DC/DC converter that uses synchronous recti fication to achieve extremely high conversion efficiency. The
power dissipated by the converter is so low that a heatsink
is not required, which saves cost, weight, height, and appli cation effort. The Tera series converters offer the maximum
useable output current for a standard “half-bbrick” module.
The Tera units also feature active current sharing for N+1
and parallel applications. This modified standard version
has a reduced current limit for lower power applications.
PQ48033HTA38 Module
Operational Features
• Ultra-high efficiency, 91.5% at full rated load current
• Delivers up to 38 amps of output current with minimal
derating - no heatsink required
• Wide input voltage range: 35V – 75V meets or
exceeds all 48V bus standards
• Fixed frequency switching provides predictable EMI
performance
Mechanical Features
Contr ol Features
• On/Off control referenced to input side (positive and
negative logic options are available)
• Remote sense for the output voltage compensates for
output distribution drops
• Output voltage trim permits custom voltages and voltage
margining
Safety Features
• Industry standard half-brick pin-out configuration
• Industry standard size: 2.3” x 2.4” (58.4 x 61.0mm)
• Total height only 0.43” (11.2mm), permits better airflow and smaller card pitch
• Total weight: 2.6 oz. (75 grams)
• 2000V, 30 MΩ input-to-output isolation
• UL 60950 recognized (US & Canada), basic insulation rating
• TUV certified to EN60950
• Meets 72/23/EEC and 93/68/EEC directives
• Meets UL94V-0 flammability requirements
Pr otection Features
• Input under-voltage lockout and over-voltage shutdown
protects against abnormal input voltages
• Output current limit and short circuit protection
• Active back bias limit prevents damage to converter
from external load induced pre-bias
• Output over-voltage protection
• Thermal shutdown
Product # PQ48033HTA38
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Optional Features (full-feature)
• Active current share for N+1 and parallel applications
• External Clock Synchronization pin for better EMI characteristics
• Startup Synchronization pin for more consistent start-up
sequence
• ORing FET drive supply for efficient ORing protection
Doc.# 005-2UT433F Rev. A
12/03/04
Page 1
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
MECHANICAL
DIAGRAM
35-75 V
3.3 V
38 A
Half-brick
2.30
1.90
0.19
(58.4)
(48.3)
(4.8)
0.50
(12.7)
0.300 (7.62)
0.400
0.400
(10.16)
(10.16)
1.000
(25.40)
1.400
(35.56)
0.700
(17.78)
0.200 (5.08)
Top View
1.000
(25.40)
0.200 (5.08)
1.400
2.40
(35.56)
(61.0)
Max. Height
0.43
Bottom side
Clearance
(11.2)
See Note 10
Side View
0.037+/-0.029
(0.94+/-0.74)
Lowest
Component
Load Board
0.145
(3.68)
See Note 4
NOTES
PIN DESIGNATIONS
1) Pins 1-4, 6-8, A-C are 0.040” (1.02mm) diameter with
0.080” (2.03mm) diameter standoff shoulders.
2) Pins 5 and 9 are 0.080” (2.03 mm) diameter with 0.125”
(3.18mm) diameter standoff shoulders.
3) Pins 3, A, B & C only included in Full-Feature models.
4) Other pin extension lengths available. Recommended pin
length is 0.03” (0.76mm) greater than the PCB thickness.
5) All Pins: Material - Copper Alloy
Finish - Tin/Lead over Nickel plate
6) Undimensioned components are shown for visual reference
only.
7) All dimensions in inches (mm)
Tolerances: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm)
x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm)
8) Weight: 2.6 oz. (75g) typical
9) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class II
10) UL/TUV standards require a clearance greater than 0.04”
(1.02mm) between input and output for Basic insulation. This issue
should be considered if any copper traces are on the top side of
the user’s board. Note that the ferrite cores are considered part of
the input/primary circuit.
Pin No. Name
Function
1
Vin(+)
Positive input voltage
2
ON/OFF
TTL input to turn converter
on and off, referenced to
Vin(-), with internal pull up.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
I share
Vin(-)
Vout(-)
SENSE(-)
TRIM
SENSE(+)
Vout(+)
Clock Sync
Start Sync
OR Drive
Single wire parallel signal
Negative input voltage
Negative output voltage
Return remote sense
Output voltage trim
Positive remote sense
Positive output voltage
Clock synchronization
Startup synchronization
External OR-FET drive
Pins in Italics Shaded text are Optional
Product # PQ48033HTA38
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2UT433F Rev. A
12/03/04
Page 2
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
35-75 V
3.3 V
38 A
Half-brick
PQ48033HTA38 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TA=25°C, airflow rate=300 LFM, Vin=48Vdc unless otherwise noted; full operating temperature range is -40°C to +100°C ambient
temperature with appropriate power derating. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units
100
80
100
2000
100
125
18
18
V
V
V
V
°C
°C
V
V
Notes & Conditions
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Input Voltage
Non-Operating
Operating
Operating Transient Protection
Isolation Voltage (input to output)
Operating Temperature
Storage Temperature
Voltage at ON/OFF input pin
Voltage at Clock Sync pin
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Operating Input Voltage Range
Input Under-Voltage Lockout
Turn-On Voltage Threshold
Turn-Off Voltage Threshold
Lockout Voltage Hysteresis
Input Over-Voltage Shutdown
Maximum Input Current
No-Load Input Current
Disabled Input Current
Inrush Current Transient Rating
Response to Input Transient
Input Reflected Ripple Current
Input Terminal Ripple Current
Recommended Input Fuse
Input Filter Component Values (C1\L\C2)
Recommended External Input Capacitance
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Set Point
Output Voltage Regulation
Over Line
Over Load
Over Temperature
Total Output Voltage Range
Output Voltage Ripple and Noise1
Peak-to-Peak
RMS
Operating Output Current Range
Output DC Current-Limit Inception
Output DC Current-Limit Shutdown Voltage
Current Share Accuracy (2 units paralleled)
Back-Drive Current Limit while Enabled
Back-Drive Current Limit while Disabled
Maximum Output Capacitance
-40
-55
-2
-15
35
48
75
V
31.5
29.5
2.2
76.7
33.3
31.0
2.3
78.2
34.4
32.4
2.4
79.5
4.1
85
5
0.03
V
V
V
V
A
mA
mA
A 2s
mV
mA
mA
A
µF\µH\µF
µF
60
2
150
5
100
1.6\4\3.3
47
3.27
3.23
0
40
0.5
0
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Input Voltage Ripple Rejection
Output Voltage during Load Current Transient
For a Step Change in Output Current (0.1A/µs)
For a Step Change in Output Current (5A/µs)
Settling Time
Turn-On Transient
Turn-On Time
Start-Up Inhibit Time
Output Voltage Overshoot
EFFICIENCY
100% Load
50% Load
180
20
3.30
3.33
V
+0.05 \ 2
+0.1 \ 3
+15
+0.1 \ 3
+0.2 \ 7
+30
3.37
%\mV
%\mV
mV
V
50
10
100
20
38
48
mV
mV
A
A
V
%
A
mA
µF
44
1.7
+2
1.5
10
+5
2.5
50
50,000
100% Load, 35 Vin
1000V/ms input transient
RMS thru 10µH inductor; Figures 13 & 15
RMS; Figures 13 & 14
fast blow external fuse recommended
internal values, see Figure E
Typical ESR 0.1-0.2Ω, see Figure 13
over sample, line, load, temperature & life
20MHz bandwidth; Figures 13 & 16
Full Load, see Figures 13 & 16
Full Load, see Figures 13 & 16
Subject to thermal derating; Figures 5-8
Output Voltage 10% Low; Fig. 17
% of rated output current
Negative current drawn from output
Negative current drawn from output
3.3Vout at 38A Resistive Load
dB
120 Hz; Fig. 20
100
100
300
mV
mV
µs
50% to 75% to 50% Iout max; Figure 11
50% to 75% to 50% Iout max; Figure 12
to within 1% Vout nom
ms
ms
%
Full load, Vout=90% nom.; Figs. 9 & 10
-40°C to +125°C; Figure A
10,000 µF load capacitance, Iout = 0A
%
%
Figures 1 - 4
Figures 1 - 4
°C
°C
°C
Package rated to 150°C
UL rated max operating temp 130°C
See Figures 5 - 8 for derating curves
20
200
0
TEMPERATURE LIMITS FOR POWER DERATING CURVES
Semiconductor Junction Temperature
Board Temperature
Transformer Temperature
Isolation Voltage (dielectric strength)
Isolation Resistance
Isolation Capacitance2
applies to Full Feature option only
90
30
240
91.5
92.4
ISOLATION CHARACTERISTICS
continuous
continuous
< 10µs
Basic insulation level, Pollution degree 2
125
125
125
2000
30
3300
V
MΩ
pF
Note 1: For applications requiring reduced output voltage ripple and noise, consult SynQor applications support (e-mail: [email protected])
Note 2: Higher values of isolation capacitance can be added external to the module.
Product # PQ48033HTA38
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2UT433F Rev. A
12/03/04
Page 3
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
35-75 V
3.3 V
38 A
Half-brick
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Continued)
Parameter P
FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS
Regualtion Stage Switching Frequency
Isolation Stage Switching Frequency
ON/OFF Control (Option P)
Off-State Voltage
On-State Voltage
ON/OFF Control (Option N)
Off-State Voltage
On-State Voltage
ON/OFF Control (Either Option)
Pull-Up Voltage
Pull-Up Resistance
Output Voltage Trim Range
Output Voltage Remote Sense Range
Output Over-Voltage Protection
Over-Temperature Shutdown
Over-Temperature Shutdown Restart Hysteresis
Load Current Scale Factor
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units
220
245
122.5
275
kHz
kHz
-2
2.7
0.8
18
V
V
2.7
-2
18
0.8
V
V
15
V
kΩ
%
%
%
°C
°C
-20
111
Vin/6
42
117
120
10
1067
RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS
Calculated MTBF (Telcordia)
Calculated MTBF (MIL-217)
Field Demonstrated MTBF
+10
+10
125
Notes & Conditions
Figures A, B
Measured across Pins 9 & 5; Figure C
Measured across Pins 9 & 5
Over full temp range; % of nominal Vout
Average PCB Temperature
See App Note: Output Load Current Calc.
10 Hrs. TR-NWT-000332; 80% load,300LFM, 40oC Ta
106 Hrs. MIL-HDBK-217F; 80% load, 300LFM, 40oC Ta
106 Hrs. See website for latest values
6
2.2
1.3
STANDARDS COMPLIANCE
Parameter P
Notes
STANDARDS COMPLIANCE
UL/cUL 60950
EN60950
72/23/EEC
93/68/EEC
Needle Flame Test (IEC 695-2-2)
IEC 61000-4-2
GR-1089-CORE
Telcordia (Bellcore) GR-513
File # E194341, Basic insulation & pollution degree 2
Certified by TUV
test on entire assembly; board & plastic components UL94V-0 compliant
ESD test, 8kV - NP, 15kV air - NP (Normal Performance)
Section 7 - electrical safety, Section 9 - bonding/grounding
• An external input fuse must always be used to meet these safety requirements. Contact SynQor for official safety
certificates on new releases or download from the SynQor website.
QUALIFICATION TESTING
Parameter P
QUALIFICATION TESTING
Life Test
Vibration
Mechanical Shock
Temperature Cycling
Power/Thermal Cycling
Design Marginality
Humidity
Solderability
# Units
32
5
5
10
5
5
5
15 pins
Test Conditions
95% rated Vin and load, units at derating point, 1000 hours
10-55Hz sweep, 0.060” total excursion,1 min./sweep, 120 sweeps for 3 axis
100g minimum, 2 drops in x and y axis, 1 drop in z axis
-40°C to 100°C, unit temp. ramp 15°C/min., 500 cycles
Toperating = min to max, Vin = min to max, full load, 100 cycles
Tmin-10°C to Tmax+10°C, 5°C steps, Vin = min to max, 0-105% load
85°C, 85% RH, 1000 hours, 2 minutes on and 6 hours off
MIL-STD-883, method 2003
• Extensive characterization testing of all SynQor products and manufacturing processes is performed to ensure that we supply
robust, reliable product. Contact factory for official product family qualification document.
OPTIONS
PATENTS
SynQor provides various options for Logic Sense, Pin Length and
Feature Set for this family of DC/DC converters. Please consult the
last page of this specification sheet for information on available
options.
SynQor is protected under various patents, including but not limited to U.S. Patent #s 5,999,417; 6,222,742 B1; 6,594,159
B2; 6,545,890 B2.
Product # PQ48033HTA38
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2UT433F Rev. A
12/03/04
Page 4
35-75 V
3.3 V
38 A
Half-brick
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
100
94
95
93
85
Efficiency (%)
Efficiency (%)
90
80
75
70
36 Vin
48 Vin
75 Vin
65
92
91
90
25 C
40 C
89
60
55 C
88
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0
40
100
Load Current (A)
12
11.0
Power Dissipation (W)
Power Dissipation (W)
12.0
10
8
6
4
36 Vin
2
48 Vin
15
20
25
500
30
35
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
25 C
40 C
55 C
5.0
75 Vin
0
10
400
Figure 2: Efficiency at nominal output voltage and 79% rated power
(30A) vs. airflow rate for ambient air temperatures of 25°C, 40°C, and
55°C (nominal input voltage).
14
5
300
Air Flow (LFM)
Figure 1: Efficiency at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25°C.
0
200
4.0
40
0
Load Current (A)
100
200
300
400
500
Air Flow (LFM)
Figure 3: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage vs. load current
for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25°C.
Figure 4: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage and 79% rated
power (30A) vs. airflow rate for ambient air temperatures of 25°C,
40°C, and 55°C (nominal input voltage).
40
35
Semiconductor junction temperature
is within 1°C of surface temperature
30
Iout (A)
25
20
15
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
10
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
5
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
0 LFM (0 m/s)
0
0
25
40
55
70
85
Ambient Air Temperature (oC)
Figure 5: Maximum output power derating curves vs. ambient air temperature for airflow rates of 0 LFM through 400 LFM with air flowing
from input to output (nominal input voltage).
Product # PQ48033HTA38
Phone 1-888-567-9596
Figure 6: Thermal plot of converter at 38 amp load current with 55°C
air flowing at the rate of 200 LFM. Air is flowing across the converter
from input to output (nominal input voltage).
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2UT433F Rev. A
12/03/04
Page 5
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
35-75 V
3.3 V
38 A
Half-brick
40
35
Semiconductor junction temperature is
within 1°C of surface temperature
30
Iout (A)
25
20
15
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
10
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
5
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
0 LFM (0 m/s)
0
0
25
40
55
70
85
o
Ambient Air Temperature ( C)
Figure 7: Maximum output power derating curves vs. ambient air temperature for airflow rates of 0 LFM through 400 LFM with air flowing
from output to input (nominal input voltage).
Figure 8: Thermal plot of converter at 38 amp load current with 55°C
air flowing at the rate of 200 LFM. Air is flowing across the converter
from output to input (nominal input voltage).
Figure 9: Turn-on transient at full load (resistive load) (10 ms/div).
Input voltage pre-applied. Top Trace: Vout (1V/div). Bottom Trace:
ON/OFF input (5V/div)
Figure 10: Turn-on transient at zero load (10 ms/div). Top Trace: Vout
(1V/div). Bottom Trace: ON/OFF input (5V/div).
Figure 11: Output voltage response to step-change in load current (50%-75%50% of Iout(max); dI/dt = 0.1A/µs). Load cap: 15µF, 450 mΩ ESR tantalum cap
Figure 12: Output voltage response to step-change in load current (50%-75%50% of Iout(max): dI/dt = 5A/µs). Load cap: 480µF, 15 mΩ ESR tantalum cap
and 1µF ceramic cap. Top trace: Vout (200mV/div), Bottom trace: Iout (15A/div).
and 1µF ceramic cap. Top trace: Vout (100mV/div), Bottom trace: Iout (15A/div).
Product # PQ48033HTA38
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2UT433F Rev. A
12/03/04
Page 6
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
35-75 V
3.3 V
38 A
Half-brick
See Fig. 15
10 µH
See Fig. 14
source
impedance
See Fig. 16
iS
iC
VSOURCE
DC/DC
Converter
VOUT
15 µF,
1 µF
47 µF,
<1Ω ESR
ceramic 450mΩ ESR
capacitor
tantalum
capacitor
electrolytic
capacitor
Figure 13: Test set-up diagram showing measurement points for Input
Terminal Ripple Current (Figure 14), Input Reflected Ripple Current
(Figure 15) and Output Voltage Ripple (Figure 16).
Figure 14: Input Terminal Ripple Current, ic, at full rated output current and nominal input voltage with 10µH source impedance and 47µF
electrolytic capacitor (100 mA/div). (See Figure 13)
Figure 15: Input reflected ripple current, is, through a 10 µH source
inductor at nominal input voltage and rated load current (5 mA/div).
(See Figure 13)
Figure 16: Output voltage ripple at nominal input voltage and rated
load current (20 mV/div). Load capacitance: 1µF ceramic capacitor
and 15µF tantalum capacitor. Bandwidth: 20 MHz. (See Figure 13)
3.6
3.4
Output Voltage (V)
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
35 V
2.0
1.8
48 V
1.6
75 V
1.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Load Current (A)
Figure 17: Output voltage vs. load current showing typical current limit
curves and converter shutdown points.
Product # PQ48033HTA38
Phone 1-888-567-9596
Figure 18: Load current (15A/div) as a function of time when the converter attempts to turn on into a 1 mΩ short circuit. Top trace
(2ms/div) is an expansion of the on-time portion of the bottom trace.
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2UT433F Rev. A
12/03/04
Page 7
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
0
0.1
-10
0.01
36 Vin
48 Vin
0.001
75 Vin
0.0001
Forward Transmission (dB)
Output Impedance (Ω )
35-75 V
3.3 V
38 A
Half-brick
-20
-30
-40
36 Vin
48 Vin
75 Vin
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
0.00001
-110
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
10
100
Hz
1,000
10,000
100,000
Hz
Figure 19: Magnitude of incremental output impedance (Zout =
vout/iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full
rated power.
Figure 20: Magnitude of incremental forward transmission (FT =
vout/vin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full
rated power.
100
0
-20
36 Vin
48 Vin
75 Vin
-30
-40
Input Impedance ( )
Reverse Transmission (dB)
-10
10
36 Vin
48 Vin
75 Vin
1
-50
-60
0.1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
10
Hz
Phone 1-888-567-9596
1,000
10,000
100,000
Hz
Figure 21: Magnitude of incremental reverse transmission (RT =
iin/iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated
power.
Product # PQ48033HTA38
100
Figure 22: Magnitude of incremental input impedance (Zin = vin/iin)
for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power.
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2UT433F Rev. A
12/03/04
Page 8
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
35-75 V
3.3 V
38 A
Half-brick
BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES
CONTROL FEATURES
The PowerQor series converter uses a two-stage power conversion topology. The first stage is a buck-converter that keeps the
output voltage constant over variations in line, load, and temperature. The second stage uses a transformer to provide the functions of input/output isolation and voltage step-down to achieve
the low output voltage required.
REMOTE ON/OFF (Pin 2): The ON/OFF input, Pin 2, permits
the user to control when the converter is on or off. This input is
referenced to the return terminal of the input bus,
Vin(-). There
are two versions of the converter that differ by the sense of the
logic used for the ON/OFF input.
Both the first stage and the second stage switch at a fixed frequency for predictable EMI performance. Rectification of the
transformer’s output is accomplished with synchronous rectifiers.
These devices, which are MOSFETs with a very low on-state resistance, dissipate far less energy than Schottky diodes. This is the
primary reason that the PowerQor converter has such high efficiency, even at very low output voltages and very high output currents.
Dissipation throughout the converter is so low that it does not
require a heatsink for operation. Since a heatsink is not required,
the PowerQor converter does not need a metal baseplate or potting material to help conduct the dissipated energy to the
heatsink. The PowerQor converter can thus be built more simply
and reliably using high yield surface mount techniques on a PCB
substrate.
The PowerQor series of half-brick, quarter-brick and eighth-brick
converters uses the industry standard footprint and pin-out configuration.
In the positive logic version, the ON/OFF input is active high
(meaning that a high turns the converter on). In the negative logic
version, the ON/OFF signal is active low (meaning that a low
turns the converter on). Figure A details five possible circuits for
driving the ON/OFF pin. Figure B is a detailed look of the internal ON/OFF circuitry.
REMOTE SENSE(+) (Pins 8 and 6): The SENSE(+) inputs correct for voltage drops along the conductors that connect the converter’s output pins to the load.
Pin 8 should be connected to Vout(+) and Pin 6 should be connected to Vout(-) at the point on the board where regulation is
desired. A remote connection at the load can adjust for a voltage
drop only as large as that specified in this datasheet, that is
[Vout(+) - Vout(-)] – [Vsense(+) - Vsense(-)] <
Sense Range % x Vout
Pins 8 and 6 must be connected for proper regulation of the output voltage. If these connections are not made, the converter will
deliver an output voltage that is slightly lower than its specified
value.
Note: the output over-voltage protection circuit senses the voltage
ON/OFF
ON/OFF
ON/OFF
Vin(_)
Vin(_)
Vin(_)
Remote Enable Circuit
Negative Logic
(Permanently Enabled)
ON/OFF
Positive Logic
(Permanently Enabled)
5V
Vin(+)
5V
274k
ON/OFF
50k
TTL
TTL/
CMOS
ON/OFF
Vin(_)
Vin(_)
Open Collector Enable Circuit
Vin(_)
Direct Logic Drive
Figure A: Various circuits for driving the ON/OFF pin.
Product # PQ48033HTA38
100pF
50k
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Figure B: Internal ON/OFF pin circuitry
Doc.# 005-2UT433F Rev. A
12/03/04
Page 9
Input:
Output:
Current:
Package:
Technical Specification
35-75 V
3.3 V
38 A
Half-brick
across the output (pins 9 and 5) to determine when it should trigger, not the voltage across the converter’s sense leads (pins 8
and 6). Therefore, the resistive drop on the board should be
small enough so that output OVP does not trigger, even during
load transients.
output voltage too high may cause the over-voltage protection
circuit to engage, particularly during transients.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRIM (Pin 7): The TRIM input permits the
user to adjust the output voltage across the sense leads up or
down according to the trim range specifications.
Total DC Variation of Vout: For the converter to meet its full
specifications, the maximum variation of the DC value of Vout,
due to both trimming and remote load voltage drops, should not
be greater than that specified for the output voltage trim range.
To decrease the output voltage, the user should connect a resistor
between Pin 7 and Pin 6 (SENSE(-) input). For a desired decrease
of the nominal output voltage, the value of the resistor should be
Rtrim-down =
-2
(100%
∆ )
(kΩ)
where
Vnominal – Vdesired
Vnominal
∆% =
x 100%
To increase the output voltage, the user should connect a resistor
between Pin 7 and Pin 8 (SENSE(+) input). For a desired increase
of the nominal output voltage, the value of the resistor should be
Rtrim-up =
nominal – 2
(V1.225
)xV
DES
+ VNOM
(kΩ)
VDES - VNOM
Figure C graphs the relationship between the trim resistor value
and Rtrim-up and Rtrim-down, showing the total range the output
voltage can be trimmed up or down.
Trim Resistance (kOhms)
10,000
It is not necessary for the user to add capacitance at the Trim pin.
The node is internally bypassed to eliminate noise.
PROTECTION FEATURES
Input Under-Voltage Lockout: The converter is designed to
turn off when the input voltage is too low, helping avoid an input
system instability problem, described in more detail in the application note titled “Input System Instability”. The lockout circuitry
is a comparator with DC hysteresis. When the input voltage is rising, it must exceed the typical Turn-On Voltage Threshold value
(listed on the specification page) before the converter will turn
on. Once the converter is on, the input voltage must fall below
the typical Turn-Off Voltage Threshold value before the converter
will turn off.
Input Over-Voltage Shutdown: Available on PQ48 models
only. The converter turns off when the input voltage is too high,
allowing the converter to withstand an input voltage as high as
100V without destruction. The shutdown circuitry is a comparator with DC hysteresis. When the input voltage exceeds the typical Input Over-Voltage Shutdown value, the converter will turn off.
Once the converter is off, it will turn back on when the input voltage falls below the minimum Input Over-Voltage Shutdown value.
Output Current Limit: The maximum current limit remains constant as the output voltage drops. However, once the impedance
of the short across the output is small enough to make the output
voltage drop below the specified Output DC Current-Limit
Shutdown Voltage, the converter turns off.
1,000
100
The converter then enters a “hiccup mode” where it repeatedly
turns on and off at a 5 Hz (nominal) frequency with a 5% duty
cycle until the short circuit condition is removed. This prevents
excessive heating of the converter or the load board.
10
1
0
2
4
6
8
10
% Increase in Vout
12
14
16
18
20
% Decrease in Vout
Figure C: Trim Graph for 3.3Vout module
Note: the TRIM feature does not affect the voltage at which the
output over-voltage protection circuit is triggered. Trimming the
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Output Over-Voltage Limit: If the voltage across the output
pins exceeds the Output Over-Voltage Protection threshold, the
converter will immediately stop switching. This prevents damage
to the load circuit due to 1) excessive series resistance in output
current path from converter output pins to sense point, 2) a
release of a short-circuit condition, or 3) a release of a current
limit condition. Load capacitance determines exactly how high
the output voltage will rise in response to these conditions. After
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200 ms the converter will automatically restart.
Over-Temperature Shutdown: A temperature sensor on the
converter senses the average temperature of the module. The
thermal shutdown circuit is designed to turn the converter off
when the temperature at the sensed location reaches the OverTemperature Shutdown value. It will allow the converter to turn on
again when the temperature of the sensed location falls by the
amount of the Over-Temperature Shutdown Restart Hysteresis
value.
35-75 V
3.3 V
38 A
Half-brick
provides a diagram showing the internal input filter components.
This filter dramatically reduces input terminal ripple current,
which otherwise could exceed the rating of an external electrolytic input capacitor. The recommended external input capacitance is specified in the “Input Characterisitcs” section. More
detailed information is available in the application note titled
“EMI Characteristics” on the SynQor website.
APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS
Input System Instability: This condition can occur because
any DC/DC converter appears incrementally as a negative
resistance load. A detailed application note titled “Input
System Instability” is available on the SynQor web site
(www.synqor.com) which provides an understanding of why
this instability arises, and shows the preferred solution for correcting it.
Application Circuits: Figure D below provides a typical circuit diagram which details the input filtering and voltage trimming.
Input Filtering and External Capacitance: Figure E below
Vin(+)
Vin
External
Input
Filter
Electrolytic
Capacitor
47µF
Vout(+)
Vsense(+)
ON/OFF
Trim
Vsense(_)
Vin(_)
Rtrim-up
or
Rtrim-down
Cload
Iload
Vout(_)
Figure D: Typical application circuit (negative logic unit, permanently enabled).
L
Vin(+)
C1
C2
Vin(_)
Figure E: Internal Input Filter Diagram (component values listed on page 3).
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Startup Inhibit Period: The Startup Inhibit Period ensures that
the converter will remain off for approximately 200ms when it is
shut down for any reason. When an output short is present, this
generates a 5Hz "hiccup mode," which prevents the converter
from overheating. In all, there are seven ways that the converter
can be shut down, initiating a Startup Inhibit Period:
35-75 V
3.3 V
38 A
Half-brick
When the ON/OFF pin goes high after t2, the Startup Inhibit
Period has elapsed, and the output turns on within the typical
Turn-On Time.
FULL FEATURE APPLICATION NOTES
This section provides some basic application information for the
full-feature version of the PowerQor series converter. The pin-out
configuration for these optional feature pins is shown on page 2,
and the part numbering format is shown on the last page of this
specification sheet.
• Input Under-Voltage Lockout
• Input Over-Voltage Shutdown (not present in Quarter-brick)
• Output Over-Voltage Protection
• Over Temperature Shutdown
• Current Limit
• Short Circuit Protection
• Turned off by the ON/OFF input
Figure F shows three turn-on scenarios, where a Startup Inhibit
Period is initiated at t0, t1, and t2:
Before time t0, when the input voltage is below the UVL threshold,
the unit is disabled by the Input Under-Voltage Lockout feature.
When the input voltage rises above the UVL threshold, the Input
Under-Voltage Lockout is released, and a Startup Inhibit Period is
initiated. At the end of this delay, the ON/OFF pin is evaluated,
and since it is active, the unit turns on.
At time t1, the unit is disabled by the ON/OFF pin, and it cannot
be enabled again until the Startup Inhibit Period has elapsed.
All units in this product family include back-drive protection to
simplify the use of multiple converters in a parallel or sequencing
application. However, any voltage applied to the output of the
converter should be kept below 120% of the rated output voltage
of the converter.
In addition to back-drive protection, these units include the following features (pins):
Current Share (pin 3): The active current share feature allows
for N+1 and parallel applications. To achieve load sharing,
directly connect the I share pins of multiple units. The load current
will share equally among the multiple units (±5% at full rated current). It is important that the Vin(-) pins of the sharing units be
directly connected and NOT placed outside of an EMI filter or
other impedance path. The voltage at the I Share pin will range
from 0 to 5 volts (at full rated current), referenced to the primary-
Vin
Under-Voltage
Lockout Turn-On
Threshold
ON/OFF
(pos logic)
ON
OFF ON
OFF
ON
20ms (typical
Vout
turn on time)
200ms
(typical start-up
inhibit period)
t1
t0
200ms
200ms
t2
t
Figure F: Startup Inhibit Period (turn-on time not to scale)
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Technical Specification
side ground, Vin(-).
Start Sync (pin B): The Start Synchronization pin will allow a
more consistent start-up sequence. To operate this feature, connect together the Start-Sync pins of multiple current-sharing units.
This will permit immediate start-up with loads greater than the current limit of a single unit. Without this connection, any set of converters attempting to asynchronously start (or re-start) with a load
greater than the current limit of a single unit will "hiccup". This
“hiccup” mode will continue until one converter attempts a start
at the same time as the minimum number of additional units necessary to sustain the load condition. For example, three 50 amp
units starting into a 90 amp load would require two units to simultaneously attempt a start. The Start Sync connection synchronizes these starting attempts and provides a more consistent and
reliable start-up sequence. For details about the "hiccup mode"
or repeated startup attempts, please see the "Startup Inhibit
Period" note in this Technical Specification.
35-75 V
3.3 V
38 A
Half-brick
a value several times higher. For example, during normal operation the OR Drive voltage is at least high enough to fully gate
on a standard MOSFET, whose source voltage is equal to the output voltage of the converter. With nominal output voltage, the
OR Drive signals are listed in the table below for each output voltage. An internal 2.7 KΩ source resistance will limit the current
drawn from this pin. However, the user is responsible for the
overvoltage protection of the MOSFET or other external circuitry
driven by this voltage. It is recommended that the user include a
zener diode between the gate and source of the external MOSFET(s) driven by the OR Drive pin. For more information, refer to
the Full Feature Application Note found on the SynQor web site
(www.synqor.com).
Clock Sync (pin A): The External Clock Synchronization pin
provides the ability for the user to control the EMI signature and
synchronize sensitive circuitry to quiet periods in the converter
operation. With this option, the converter can be synchronized to
an external clock signal whose frequency is greater than that of
the free-running internal clock. However, substantially raising the
converter’s frequency will reduce its efficiency. Therefore, the recommended frequency range for the external clock synchronization signal applied to this pin would be the lowest value possible
without dropping below the minimum frequencies listed below:
OR-Drive Voltages
Vout
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.0
2.5
3.3
5.0
12
15
No Load
TBD
9
11
11
13
13
19
24
26
Full Load
TBD
12
14
16
21
16
20
26
28
275 KHz for the 1.5V and 3.3V units
225 KHz for the 1.8V and 2.0V units
255 KHz for the 2.5V, 5V, 12V and 15V units
The following requirements should also be met:
• The external clock signal should be referenced to the
negative input voltage, Vin(-).
• The high level of the signal should be between 3.5V and
5.0V.
• The low level should be between -0.5V and +1.2V.
• Do not apply a clock signal lower than the specified frequency.
OR Drive (pin C): This pin provides a signal which can be
used to drive an OR-ing FET and/or an auxiliary external control
circuitry. This pin may also be used as a basic "Power-Good"
signal. This pin is referenced to the secondary-side ground,
Vsense(-). The voltage at this pin tracks the output voltage but has
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Input:
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35-75 V
3.3 V
38 A
Half-brick
PART NUMBERING SYSTEM
ORDERING INFORMATION
The part numbering system for SynQor’s PowerQor DC/DC
converters follows the format shown in the example below.
The tables below show the valid model numbers and ordering
options for converters in this product family. When ordering
SynQor converters, please ensure that you use the complete
15 character part number consisting of the 12 character base
part number and the additional 3 characters for options.
PQ 48 033 H T A 38 N K S
Options (see
Ordering Information)
Output Current
Thermal Design
Performance Level
Model Number
Input Voltage
PQ48033HTA38xyz
35 - 75 V
Output Max Output
Voltage
Current
3.3 V
38 A
The following option choices must be included in place of the
x y z spaces in the model numbers listed above.
Package Size
Output Voltage
Input Voltage
Options Description: x y z
Enable
Logic
Pin
Length
K - 0.110"
P - Positive N - 0.145"
N - Negative R - 0.180"
Y - 0.250"
Product Family
The first 12 characters comprise the base part number and the
last 3 characters indicate available options. Although there
are no default values for enable logic and pin length, the most
common options are negative logic and 0.145” pins. These
part numbers are more likely to be readily available in stock
for evaluation and prototype quantities.
Feature
Set
S - Standard
F - Full Feature
Application Notes
A variety of application notes and technical white papers can
be downloaded in pdf format at www.synqor.com.
Contact SynQor for further information:
Phone:
Toll Free:
Fax:
E-mail:
Web:
Address:
Product # PQ48033HTA38
978-849-0600
888-567-9596
978-849-0602
[email protected]
www.synqor.com
155 Swanson Road
Boxborough, MA 01719
Phone 1-888-567-9596
Warranty
SynQor offers a three (3) year limited warranty. Complete warranty
information is listed on our web site or is available upon request from
SynQor.
Information furnished by SynQor is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed by SynQor for its use, nor for any
infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any
patent or patent rights of SynQor.
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