UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide The SLWSTK6000A is an excellent starting point to get familiar with the EFR32 Wireless System-on-Chip. The Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard contains sensors and peripherals demonstrating some of the Mighty Gecko's many capabilities. The kit provides all necessary tools for developing a Silicon Labs wireless application. KIT FEATURES • Ethernet and USB connectivity • Advanced Energy Monitor • Virtual COM Port • Packet Trace Interface support • SEGGER J-Link on-board debugger • Debug Multiplexer supporting external hardware as well as radio board • Silicon Labs' Si7021 Relative Humidity and Temperature sensor • Ultra low power 128x128 pixel Memory LCD • User LEDs / Pushbuttons • 20-pin 2.54 mm header for expansion boards • Breakout pads for direct access to all radio I/O pins • Power sources includes USB and CR2032 coin cell holder. RADIO BOARD FEATURES • EFR32 Mighty Gecko Wireless SoC with 256 kB Flash and 32 kB RAM. (EFR32MG1P232F256GM48) • Inverted-F PCB antenna (2.4 GHz band) SOFTWARE SUPPORT • Simplicity Studio • Energy Profiler • Network Analyzer silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Introduction 1. Introduction 1.1 Description The SLWSTK6000A Wireless Starter Kit provides a complete development platform for Silicon Labs EFR32 Mighty Gecko Wireless System-on-Chips. The core of the SLWSTK6000A is the Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard which features an on-board J-Link debugger, an Advanced Energy Monitor for real-time current and voltage monitoring, a virtual COM port interface, and access to the Packet Trace Interface (PTI). The WSTK Mainboard is paired with an EFR32MG 2.4 GHz 19.5 dBm radio board that plugs directly into the mainboard. The radio board features the EFR32 itself and the RF interface. All debug functionality, including AEM, VCOM and PTI, can also be used towards an external target instead of the included radio board. To further enhance the WSTK usability, the WSTK Mainboard contains sensors and peripherals demonstrating some of the Wireless SoC's many capabilities. The Wireless Starter Kit also includes EFR32MG 2.4 GHz 13 dBm radio boards that can be used to evaluate applications with reduced Tx power. 1.2 Kit Contents The following items are included in the box: • 3x BRD4001A Wireless Starter Kit Mainboards • 3x BRD4151A EFR32MG 2.4 GHz 19.5 dBm Radio Boards • 3x BRD4153A EFR32MG 2.4 GHz 13 dBm Radio Boards • 3x CR2032 Lithium batteries • 3x AA Battery holders • 3x USB Type A <-> USB Mini-B cables Please refer to the Reference Manuals for the included radio boards for detailed specifications and RF performance figures. 1.3 Getting Started Detailed instructions for how to get started with your new Wireless Starter Kit can be found on the Silicon Labs Simplicity web pages: http://www.silabs.com/start-efr32mg silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 1 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Kit Hardware Layout 2. Kit Hardware Layout The layout of the EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit is shown below. Plug-in Radio Board Radio Board Breakout Pads On-board USB and Ethernet J-Link Debugger Si7021 Humidity and Temperature Sensor Secondary radio board USB-serial-port Packet-trace Advanced Energy Monitoring Battery or USB power EXP-header for expansion boards Ultra-low power 128x128 pixel memory LCD, buttons and LEDs ARM Coresight 19-pin trace/debug header Serial-port, packet trace and Advanced Energy Monitoring header Figure 2.1 SLWSTK6000A Hardware Layout silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 2 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Kit Block Diagram 3. Kit Block Diagram An overview of the EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit is shown in the figure below. Board Controller UART Debug Multiplexer AEM Packet Trace Debug IN Debug Connector MCU O U T Simplicity Connector USB Mini-B Connector Packet Trace AEM UART RJ-45 Ethernet Connector Inverted-F PCB Antenna User Buttons & LEDs ETM Trace Debug Packet Trace AEM UART ETM Trace 2.4 GHz RF 128 x 128 pixel Memory LCD SPI GPIO 8 Mbit MX25R Serial Flash GPIO EFR32MG Wireless SoC EXP Header Si7021 I2C Temperature & Humidity Sensor Figure 3.1 SLWSTK6000A Block Diagram silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 3 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Connectors 4. Connectors This chapter gives you an overview of the Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard connectivity. The placement of the connectors can be seen in the figure below. 3 3V V 3 3 D N D G GN C N NC 5 4 P4 P4 3 2 P4 P4 1 0 P4 P4 9 8 P3 P3 7 6 P3 P3 5 4 P3 P3 3 2 P3 P3 1 0 P3 P3 9 8 P2 P2 7 6 P2 P2 5 4 P2 P2 D N D G G N 5V 5V Ra Co dio B nn ec oard tor s Ex He pans ad i er on Simplicity Connector In/Out Debug Header F F VR R V D N D G GN 3 2 P2 P2 1 0 P2 P2 9 8 P1 P1 7 6 P1 P1 5 4 P1 P1 3 2 P1 P1 1 0 P1 P1 P9 P8 P7 P6 P5 P4 P3 P2 P1 P0 D N D G GN U C U VM MC V Figure 4.1 Connector Layout 4.1 Breakout Pads Most of the EFR32's pins are routed from the radio board to breakout pads at the top and bottom edges of the Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard. A 2.54 mm pitch pin header can be soldered on for easy access to the pins. The figure below shows you how the pins of the EFR32 maps to the pin numbers printed on the breakout pads. To see the available functions on each, please refer to the EFR32MG1P232F256GM48 Data Sheet. J101 VMCU GND VCOM.#CTS_SCLK / PA2 / P0 VCOM.#RTS_#CS / PA3 / P2 FLASH_SCS / PA4 / P4 PD10 / P6 PD11 / P8 DEBUG.TDI / PF3 / P10 SENSOR_I2C_SCL / PC10 / P12 NC / P14 VCOM_ENABLE / PA5 / P16 PTI.CLK / PB11 / P18 PTI.DATA / PB12 / P20 PTI.SYNC / PB13 / P22 GND VRF J102 5V VMCU GND GND P1 / PC6 / DISP_SI DEBUG.TCK_SWCLK / PF0 / P24 P3 / PC7 DEBUG.TMS_SWDIO / PF1 / P26 P5 / PC8 / DISP_SCLK DEBUG.TDO_SWO / PF2 / P28 LED0 / PF4 / P30 P7 / PC9 P9 / PA0 / VCOM.TX_MOSI LED1 / PF5 / P32 P11 / PA1 / VCOM.RX_MISO BUTTON0 / PF6 / P34 BUTTON1 / PF7 / P36 P13 / PC11 / SENSOR_I2C_SDA NC / P38 P15 / NC P17 / NC NC / P40 NC / P42 P19 / NC P21 / NC NC / P44 P23 / NC NC GND GND 3V3 VRF 5V GND P25 / NC P27 / NC P29 / PD12 P31 / PD13 / DISP_EXTCOMIN P33 / PD14 / DISP_SCS P35 / PD15 / DISP_ENABLE P37 / tied high / SENSOR_ENABLE P39 / NC P41 / NC P43 / NC P45 / NC NC GND 3V3 Figure 4.2 Radio Board Pin Mapping on Breakout Pads. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 4 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Connectors 4.2 Expansion Header On the right hand side of the board an angled 20 pin expansion header is provided to allow connection of peripherals or plugin boards. The connector contains a number of I/O pins that can be used with most of the EFR32 Mighty Gecko's features. Additionally, the VMCU, 3V3 and 5V power rails are also exported. The connector follows a standard which ensures that commonly used peripherals such as an SPI, a UART and an I2C bus are available on fixed locations in the connector. The rest of the pins are used for general purpose IO. This allows the definition of expansion boards that can plug into a number of different Silicon Labs starter kits. The figure below shows the pin assignment of the expansion header for the EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit. Because of limitations in the number of available GPIO pins, some of the expansion header pins are shared with kit features. I2C_SDA UART_RX UART_TX SPI_CS SPI_SCK SPI_MISO SPI_MOSI / / / / / / / 3V3 5V PC11 PA1 PA0 PC9 PC8 PC7 PC6 VMCU 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 Board ID SDA Board ID SCL PC10 / I2C_SCL PF3 / GPIO PD12 / GPIO PD11 / GPIO PD10 / GPIO PA3 / GPIO PA2 / GPIO GND EFR32 I/O Pin Alternate function Reserved (Board Identification) Figure 4.3 Expansion Header The pin-routing on the EFR32 is very flexible, so most peripherals can be routed to any pin. However, many pins are shared between the Expansion Header and other functions on the Wireless STK Mainboard. Table 4.1 Expansion Header Pinout on page 5 includes an overview of the mainboard features that share pins with the Expansion Header. Table 4.1. Expansion Header Pinout Pin Connection EXP Header function Shared feature Peripheral mapping 20 3V3 Board controller supply 18 5V Board USB voltage 16 PC11 I2C_SDA SENSOR_I2C_SDA I2C1_SDA #16 14 PA1 UART_RX VCOM_RX_MISO USART0_RX #0 12 PA0 UART_TX VCOM_TX_MOSI USART0_TX #0 10 PC9 SPI_CS 8 PC8 SPI_SCLK 6 PC7 SPI_MISO 4 PC6 SPI_MOSI 2 VMCU EFR32 voltage domain, included in AEM measurements. 19 BOARD_ID_SDA Connected to Board Controller for identification of add-on boards. 17 BOARD_ID_SCL Connected to Board Controller for identification of add-on boards. 15 PC10 I2C_SCL silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. USART1_CS #11 DISP_SCLK USART1_CLK #11 USART1_RX #11 DISP_MOSI SENSOR_I2C_SCL USART1_TX #11 I2C1_SCL #14 Rev. 1.10 | 5 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Connectors Pin Connection EXP Header function Shared feature Peripheral mapping 13 PF3 GPIO DBG_TDI 11 PD12 GPIO 9 PD11 GPIO 7 PD10 GPIO 5 PA3 GPIO VCOM_RTS_CS USART0_CS #0 3 PA2 GPIO VCOM_CTS_SCLK USART0_CLK #0 1 GND Ground Please note that pin PF3 is used for DBG_TDI in JTAG mode only. When Serial Wire Debugging is used, PF3 can be used for other purposes. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 6 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Connectors 4.3 Debug Connector (DBG) The Debug Connector serves a dual purpose. Based on the "debug mode", which can be set up using Simplicity Studio. In the "Debug IN" mode this connector allows an external debug emulator to be used with the on-board EFR32. In the "Debug OUT" mode this connector allows the kit to be used as a debugger towards an external target. In the "Debug MCU" (default) mode this connector is isolated from the debug interface of both the Board Controller and the on-board target device. Because this connector is automatically switched to support the different operating modes, it is only available when the Board Controller is powered (J-Link USB cable connected). If debug access to the target device is required when the Board Controller is unpowered, this should be done by connecting directly to the appropriate breakout pins. The pinout of the connector follows that of the standard ARM Cortex Debug+ETM 19-pin connector. The pinout is described in detail below. Note that even though the connector has support for both JTAG and ETM Trace in addition to Serial Wire Debug, it does not necessarily mean that the kit or the on-board target device supports this. 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 VTARGET GND GND NC Cable Detect NC NC GND GND GND 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 TMS / SWDIO / C2D TCK / SWCLK / C2CK TDO / SWO TDI / C2Dps RESET / C2CKps TRACECLK TRACED0 TRACED1 TRACED2 TRACED3 Figure 4.4 Debug Connector Note that the pin-out matches the pin-out of an ARM Cortex Debug+ETM connector, but these are not fully compatible as pin 7 is physically removed from the Cortex Debug+ETM connector. Some cables have a small plug that prevent them from being used when this pin is present. If this is the case, remove the plug, or use a standard 2x10 1.27 mm straight cable instead. Table 4.2. Debug Connector Pin Descriptions Pin number(s) Function Note 1 VTARGET Target voltage on the debugged application. 2 TMS / SDWIO / C2D JTAG test mode select, Serial Wire data or C2 data 4 TCK / SWCLK / C2CK JTAG test clock, Serial Wire clock or C2 clock 6 TDO/SWO JTAG test data out or Serial Wire Output 8 TDI / C2Dps JTAG test data in, or C2D "pin sharing" function 10 RESET / C2CKps Target device reset, or C2CK "pin sharing" function 12 TRACECLK Not connected 14 TRACED0 Not connected 16 TRACED1 Not connected 18 TRACED2 Not connected 20 TRACED3 Not connected 9 Cable detect Connect to ground 11, 13 NC Not connected 3, 5, 15, 17, 19 GND silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 7 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Connectors 4.4 Simplicity Connector The Simplicity Connector featured on the Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard enables advanced debugging features such as the AEM, the Virtual COM port and the Packet Trace Interface to be used towards an external target. The pinout is illustrated in the figure below. VMCU 3V3 5V GND GND GND GND GND Board ID SCL Board ID SDA 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 2 Virtual COM TX / MOSI 4 Virtual COM RX / MISO 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Virtual COM CTS / SCLK Virtual COM RTS / CS Packet Trace 0 Sync Packet Trace 0 Data Packet Trace 0 Clock Packet Trace 1 Sync Packet Trace 1 Data Packet Trace 1 Clock Figure 4.5 Simplicity Connector Current drawn from the VMCU voltage pin is included in the AEM measurements, while the 3V3 and 5V voltage pins are not. To monitor the current consumption of an external target with the AEM, unplug the WSTK Radio Board from the WSTK Mainboard to avoid that the Radio Board current consumption is added to the measurements. Table 4.3. Simplicity Connector Pin Descriptions Pin number(s) Function Note 1 VMCU 3.3 V power rail, monitored by the AEM 3 3V3 3.3 V power rail 5 5V 5 V power rail 2 VCOM_TX_MOSI Virtual COM Tx/MOSI 4 VCOM_RX_MISO Virtual COM Rx/MISO 6 VCOM_CTS_#SCLK Virtual COM CTS/SCLK 8 VCOM_#RTS_#CS Virtual COM RTS/CS 10 PTI0_SYNC Packet Trace 0 Sync 12 PTI0_DATA Packet Trace 0 Data 14 PTI0_CLK Packet Trace 0 Clock 16 PTI1_SYNC Packet Trace 1 Sync 18 PTI1_DATA Packet Trace 1 Data 20 PTI1_CLK Packet Trace 1 Clock 17 EXT_ID_SCL Board ID SCL 19 EXT_ID_SDA Board ID SDA 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 GND silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 8 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Power Supply and Reset 5. Power Supply and Reset 5.1 Radio Board Power Selection The EFR32 on a Wireless Starter Kit can be powered by one of these sources: • the debug USB cable; or • a 3V coin cell battery; or • a USB regulator on the Radio Board (for devices with USB support only). BA T U SB AE M The power source for the radio board is selected with the slide switch in the lower left corner of the Wireless STK Mainboard. Figure 5.1 Power Switch on page 9 shows how the different power sources can be selected with the slide switch. 5V USB Mini-B Connector LDO 3.3V Advanced Energy Monitor AEM USB VMCU BAT EFR32 3V Lithium Battery (CR2032) Figure 5.1 Power Switch With the switch in the AEM position, a low noise 3.3 V LDO on the WSTK Mainboard is used to power the Radio Board. This LDO is again powered from the debug USB cable. The Advanced Energy Monitor is now also connected in series, allowing accurate high speed current measurements and energy debugging/profiling. With the switch in the USB position, radio boards with USB-support can be powered by a regulator on the radio board itself. BRD4151A does not contain an USB regulator, and setting the switch in the USB postition will cause the EFR32 to be unpowered. Finally, with the switch in the BAT position, a 20 mm coin cell battery in the CR2032 socket can be used to power the device. With the switch in this position no current measurements are active. This is the recommended switch position when powering the radio board with an external power source. Note: Please be aware that the current sourcing capabilities of a coin cell battery might be too low to supply certain wireless applications. Note: The Advanced Energy Monitor can only measure the current consumption of the EFR32 when the power selection switch is in the AEM position. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 9 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Power Supply and Reset 5.2 Board Controller Power The board controller is responsible for important features such as the debugger and the Advanced Energy Monitor, and is powered exclusively through the USB port in the top left corner of the board. This part of the kit resides on a separate power domain, so a different power source can be selected for the target device while retaining debugging functionality. This power domain is also isolated to prevent current leakage from the target power domain when power to the Board Controller is removed. The board controller power domain is exclusively supplied by the J-Link USB cable, and is not influenced by the position of the power switch. The kit has been carefully designed to keep the board controller and the target power domains isolated from each other as one of them powers down. This ensures that the target EFR32 device will continue to operate in the USB and BAT modes. 5.3 EFR32 Reset The EFR32 Wireless SoC can be reset by a few different sources: • A user pressing the RESET button. • The on-board debugger pulling the #RESET pin low. • An external debugger pulling the #RESET pin low. In addition to the reset sources mentioned above, the Board Controller will also issue a reset to the EFR32 when booting up. This means that removing power to the Board Controller (plugging out the J-Link USB cable) will not generate a reset, but plugging the cable back in will, as the Board Controller boots up. 5.4 Battery Holder In radio applications with high output power, peak current consumption will exceed the current sourcing capacity of a coin-cell battery. To support evaluation of the EFR32 Mighty Gecko in situations where powering the kit from a wired USB connection is impractical, for instance during range-tests, the kit is supplied with a battery holder for 2 AA batteries. To use the battery holder, first set the power switch in the BAT position. Then attach the cable to pin 1 and 2 on the expansion header, orienting the connector so the black cable cable goes down towards pin 1, and the red cable up towards pin 2. Connect battery holder to EXP header. - Pin 2 (up): Red wire - Pin 1 (down): Black wire Put power switch in BAT position Figure 5.2 Battery Holder Connection Warning: There is no reverse voltage protection on the VMCU pin! Ensure that the battery holder is connected the right way. Failure to do so may result in damage to the radio board and its components. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 10 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Peripherals 6. Peripherals The starter kit has a set of peripherals that showcase some of the features of the EFR32. Be aware that most EFR32 I/O routed to peripherals are also routed to the breakout pads. This must be taken into consideration when using the breakout pads for your application. 6.1 Push Buttons and LEDs The kit has two user push buttons marked PB0 and PB1. They are connected directly to the EFR32, and are debounced by RC filters with a time constant of 1 ms. The buttons are connected to pins PF6 and PF7. The kit also features two yellow LEDs marked LED0 and LED1, that are controlled by GPIO pins on the EFR32. The LEDs are connected to pins PF4 and PF5 in an active-high configuration. PF4 (GPIO) UIF_LED0 PF5 (GPIO) UIF_LED1 PF6 (GPIO) UIF_PB0 PF7 (GPIO) UIF_PB1 User Buttons & LEDs EFR32 Figure 6.1 Buttons and LEDs silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 11 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Peripherals 6.2 Memory LCD-TFT Display A 1.28-inch SHARP Memory LCD-TFT is available on the kit to enable interactive applications to be developed. The display has a high resolution of 128 by 128 pixels, and consumes very little power. It is a reflective monochrome display, so each pixel can only be light or dark, and no backlight is needed in normal daylight conditions. Data sent to the display is stored in the pixels on the glass, which means no continous refreshing is required to maintain a static image. The display interface consists of an SPI-compatible serial interface and some extra control signals. Pixels are not individually addressable, instead data is sent to the display one line (128 bits) at a time. The Memory LCD-TFT display is shared with the kit Board Controller, allowing the Board Controller application to display useful information when the user application is not using the display. The user application always controls ownership of the display with the DISP_ENABLE line: • 0: The Board Controller has control of the display • 1: The user application (EFR32) has control of the display Power to the display is sourced from the target application power domain when the EFR32 controls the display, and from the Board Controller's power domain when the DISP_ENABLE line is low. Data is clocked in on DISP_MOSI when DISP_CS is high, and the clock is sent on DISP_SCLK. The maximum supported clock speed is 1.1 MHz. DISP_COM is the "COM Inversion" line. It must be pulsed periodically to prevent static build-up in the display itself. Please refer to the display application information for details on driving the display: http://www.sharpmemorylcd.com/1-28-inch-memory-lcd.html PC8 (US1_CLK#11) PC7 (US1_TX#11) PD14 (US1_CS#19) PD13 (LETIMER0) PD15 (GPIO) 0: Board Controller controls display 1: EFR32 controls display EFR32 Figure 6.2 128x128 Pixel Memory LCD silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 12 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Peripherals 6.3 Serial Flash The BRD4151A radio board is equipped with an 8 Mbit Macronix MX25R SPI flash that is connected directly to the EFR32 Mighty Gecko. Figure 6.3 Radio Board Serial Flash on page 13 shows how the serial flash is connected to the EFR32. VMCU VDD PC8 (US1_CLK#11) SCLK PC6 (US1_TX#11) MOSI PC7 (US1_RX#11) MISO PA4 (US1_CS#1) SCS 8 Mbit MX25R8035F EFR32 Figure 6.3 Radio Board Serial Flash The MX25R series are ultra low power serial flash devices, so there is no need for a separate enable switch to keep current consumption down. However, it is important that the flash is always put in deep power down mode when not used. This is done by issuing a command over the SPI interface. In deep power down, the MX25R typically adds approximately 100 nA to the radio board current consumption. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 13 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Peripherals 6.4 Si7021 Relative Humidity and Temperature Sensor The Si7021 I2C relative humidity and temperature sensor is a monolithic CMOS IC integrating humidity and temperature sensor elements, an analog-to-digital converter, signal processing, calibration data, and an I2C Interface. The patented use of industry-standard, low-K polymeric dielectrics for sensing humidity enables the construction of low-power, monolithic CMOS Sensor ICs with low drift and hysteresis, and excellent long term stability. The humidity and temperature sensors are factory-calibrated and the calibration data is stored in the on-chip non-volatile memory. This ensures that the sensors are fully interchangeable, with no recalibration or software changes required. The Si7021 is available in a 3x3 mm DFN package and is reflow solderable. It can be used as a hardware- and software-compatible drop-in upgrade for existing RH/ temperature sensors in 3x3 mm DFN-6 packages, featuring precision sensing over a wider range and lower power consumption. The optional factory-installed cover offers a low profile, convenient means of protecting the sensor during assembly (e.g., reflow soldering) and throughout the life of the product, excluding liquids (hydrophobic/oleophobic) and particulates. The Si7021 offers an accurate, low-power, factory-calibrated digital solution ideal for measuring humidity, dew-point, and temperature, in applications ranging from HVAC/R and asset tracking to industrial and consumer platforms. The I2C bus used for the Si7021 is shared with the Expansion Header. The temperature sensor is normally isolated from the I2C line. To use the sensor, SENSOR_ENABLE (tied high) must be set high. When enabled, the sensor's current consumption is included in the AEM measurements. VMCU VDD PC10 (I2C0_SCL#14) PC11 (I2C0_SDA#16) (tied high) SENSOR_I2C_SCL SCL SENSOR_I2C_SDA SDA Si7021 Temperature & Humidity Sensor SENSOR_ENABLE 0: I2C lines are isolated, sensor is not powered 1: Sensor is powered and connected EFR32 Figure 6.4 Si7021 Relative Humidity and Temperature Sensor silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 14 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Advanced Energy Monitor 7. Advanced Energy Monitor 7.1 Introduction Any embedded developer seeking to make his embedded code spend as little energy as the underlying architecture supports, needs tools to easily and quickly discover inefficiencies in the running application. This is what the Simplicity Energy Profiler is designed to do. It will in real-time graph and log current as a function of time while correlating this to the actual target application code running on the EFR32. There are multiple features in the profiler software that allows for easy analysis, such as markers and statistics on selected regions of the current graph or aggregate energy usage by different parts of the application. 7.2 Advanced Energy Monitor - Theory of Operation The AEM circuitry on the board is capable of measuring current signals in the range of 0.1 µA to 95 mA, which is a dynamic range of alomst 120 dB. It can do this while maintaining approximately 10 kHz of current signal bandwidth. This is accomplished through a combination of a highly capable current sense amplifier, multiple gain stages and signal processing within the kit's board controller before the current sense signal is read by a host computer for display and/or storage. The current sense amplifier measures the voltage drop over a small series resistor, and the gain stage further amplifies this voltage with two different gain settings to obtain two current ranges. The transition between these two ranges occurs around 250 µA. The current signal is combined with the target processor's Program Counter (PC) sampling by utilizing a feature of the ARM CoreSight debug architecture. The ITM (Instrumentation Trace Macrocell) block can be programmed to sample the MCU's PC at periodic intervals (50 kHz) and output these over SWO pin ARM devices. When these two data streams are fused and correlated with the running application's memory map, an accurate statistical profile can be built over time, that shows the energy profile of the running application in real-time. At kit power-up or on a power-cycle, and automatic AEM calibration is performed. This calibration compensates for any offset errors in the current sense amplifiers. LDO EFR32 Peripherals AEM Processing Figure 7.1 Advanced Energy Monitor silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 15 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Advanced Energy Monitor 7.3 AEM Accuracy and Performance The Advanced Energy Monitor is capable of measuring currents in the range of 0.1 µA to 95 mA. For currents above 250 µA, the AEM is accurate within 0.1 mA. When measuring currents below 250 µA, the accuracy increases to 1 µA. Even though the absolute accuracy is 1 µA in the sub 250 µA range, the AEM is able to detect changes in the current consumption as small as 100 nA. The AEM current sampling rate is 10 kHz. Note: The AEM circuitry only works when the kit is powered and the power switch is in the AEM position. 7.4 Usage The AEM (Advanced Energy Monitor) data is collected by the board controller and can be displayed by the Energy Profiler, available through Simplicity Studio. By using the Energy Profiler, current consumption and voltage can be measured and linked to the actual code running on the EFR32 in realtime. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 16 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Debugging 8. Debugging The SLWSTK6000A contains an integrated debugger, which can be used to download code and debug the EFR32. In addition to programming the EFR32 on the kit, the debugger can also be used to program and debug external Silicon Labs EFM32, EFM8, EZR32 and EFR32 devices. The debugger supports three different interfaces used with Silicon Labs devices: • Serial Wire Debug, is used with all EFM32, EFR32 and EZR32 devices • JTAG, which can be used with some newer EFR32 and EFM32 devices • C2 Debug, which is used with EFM8 devices In order for debugging to work properly, make sure you have the approriate debug interface selected that works with your device. The debug connector on the board supports all three of these modes. 8.1 Debug Modes Programming external devices is done by connecting to a target board through the provided Debug IN/OUT Connector, and by setting the debug mode to [Out]. The same connector can also be used to connect an external debugger to the EFR32 MCU on the kit, by setting the debug mode to [In]. A summary of the different supported debug modes is given in Table 8.1 Debug Modes on page 17. Table 8.1. Debug Modes Mode Description Debug MCU In this mode the on-board debugger is connected to the EFR32 on the SLWSTK6000A. Debug In In this mode, the on-board debugger is disconnected, and an external debugger can be connected to debug the EFR32 on the SLWSTK6000A. Debug Out In this mode, the on-board debugger can be used to debug a supported Silicon Labs device mounted on a custom board. Selecting the active debug mode is done with a drop-down menu in the Kit Manager tool, which is available through Simplicity Studio. 8.2 Debugging during battery operation When the EFR32 is powered by battery and the J-Link USB is still connected, the on-board debug functionality is available. If the USB power is disconnected, the Debug In mode will stop working. If debug access is required when the target is running of another energy source such as a battery, and the board controller is powered down, the user should make direct connections to the GPIO used for debugging. This can be done by connecting to the approriate pins of the breakout pads. Some Silicon Labs kits provide a dedicated pin header for this purpose. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 17 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Virtual COM Port 9. Virtual COM Port When enabling virtual serial communication (VCOM), the board controller makes communication possible on the following interfaces: • Virtual USB COM port using a CDC driver. • TCP/IP, by connecting to the Wireless STK on port 4901 with a telnet client. The VCOM functionality can operate in two different modes: • Transparent mode allows the target to communicate using a regular serial driver. The board controller forwards the raw byte stream to its interfaces. • BSP-mode is initiated by a BSP call in the target application. This mode enables the target to use all BSP functionality, while having access to VCOM over USB and Ethernet. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 18 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Board Controller 10. Board Controller The kit contains a board controller that is responsible for performing various board-level tasks, such as handling the debugger and the Advanced Energy Monitor. An interface is provided between the EFR32 and the board controller in the form of a UART connection. The connection is enabled by setting the VCOM_ENABLE (PA5) line high, and using the lines VCOM_TX (PA0) and VCOM_RX (PA1) for communication. Specific library functions have been provided in the kit Board Support Package that support various requests to be made to the board controller, such as quering AEM voltage or current. Note: The board controller is only available when USB power is connected. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 19 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Kit Manager and Upgrades 11. Kit Manager and Upgrades The Kit Manager is a program that comes with Simplicity Studio. It can perform various kit and EFR32 specific tasks. 11.1 Kit Manager Operation This utility gives the ability to program the EFR32, upgrade the kit, lock and unlock devices and more. Some of the features will only work with Silicon Labs kits, while other will work with a generic J-Link debugger connected. Figure 11.1 Kit Manager 11.2 Firmware Upgrades Upgrading the kit firmware is done through Simplicity Studio. Simplicity Studio will automatically check for new updates on startup. You can also use the Kit Manager for manual upgrades. Click the [Browse] button in the [Update Kit] section to select the correct file ending in ".emz". Then, click the [Install Package] button. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 20 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Schematics, Assembly Drawings and BOM 12. Schematics, Assembly Drawings and BOM The schematics, assembly drawings and bill of materials (BOM) for the EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit board are available through Simplicity Studio when the kit documentation package has been installed. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 21 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Kit Revision History and Errata 13. Kit Revision History and Errata 13.1 Revision History The kit revision can be found printed on the box label of the kit, as outlined in the figure below. EFR32MG 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A 01-06-15 124802042 A00 Figure 13.1 Revision info Table 13.1. Kit Revision History Kit Revision Released Description A01 30.09.2015 Initial kit release. 13.2 Errata There are no known errata at present. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 22 UG151: EFR32 Mighty Gecko 2.4 GHz Mesh Networking Starter Kit SLWSTK6000A User's Guide Document Revision History 14. Document Revision History Table 14.1. Document Revision History Revision Number Effective Date Change Description 1.10 18.11.2015 Added section on battery holder. 1.00 30.10.2015 Initial version. silabs.com | Smart. Connected. Energy-friendly. Rev. 1.10 | 23 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Kit Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Kit Hardware Layout 3. Kit Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4. Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.1 Breakout Pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.2 Expansion Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.3 Debug Connector (DBG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.4 Simplicity Connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 . . 5. Power Supply and Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.1 Radio Board Power Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.2 Board Controller Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 5.3 EFR32 Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 5.4 Battery Holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 6. Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 6.1 Push Buttons and LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 6.2 Memory LCD-TFT Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 6.3 Serial Flash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 6.4 Si7021 Relative Humidity and Temperature Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . . . . . 7. Advanced Energy Monitor 7.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 7.2 Advanced Energy Monitor - Theory of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 7.3 AEM Accuracy and Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 7.4 Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 8. Debugging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 . . . . 8.1 Debug Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 8.2 Debugging during battery operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 9. Virtual COM Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 10. Board Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 11. Kit Manager and Upgrades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 11.1 Kit Manager Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 11.2 Firmware Upgrades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Table of Contents 24 . 12. Schematics, Assembly Drawings and BOM 13. Kit Revision History and Errata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 13.1 Revision History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 13.2 Errata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Table of Contents 25 . . . 14. Document Revision History Simplicity Studio One-click access to MCU tools, documentation, software, source code libraries & more. Available for Windows, Mac and Linux! www.silabs.com/simplicity MCU Portfolio www.silabs.com/mcu SW/HW www.silabs.com/simplicity Quality www.silabs.com/quality Support and Community community.silabs.com Disclaimer Silicon Laboratories intends to provide customers with the latest, accurate, and in-depth documentation of all peripherals and modules available for system and software implementers using or intending to use the Silicon Laboratories products. Characterization data, available modules and peripherals, memory sizes and memory addresses refer to each specific device, and "Typical" parameters provided can and do vary in different applications. Application examples described herein are for illustrative purposes only. Silicon Laboratories reserves the right to make changes without further notice and limitation to product information, specifications, and descriptions herein, and does not give warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of the included information. 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Trademark Information Silicon Laboratories Inc., Silicon Laboratories, Silicon Labs, SiLabs and the Silicon Labs logo, CMEMS®, EFM, EFM32, EFR, Energy Micro, Energy Micro logo and combinations thereof, "the world’s most energy friendly microcontrollers", Ember®, EZLink®, EZMac®, EZRadio®, EZRadioPRO®, DSPLL®, ISOmodem ®, Precision32®, ProSLIC®, SiPHY®, USBXpress® and others are trademarks or registered trademarks of Silicon Laboratories Inc. ARM, CORTEX, Cortex-M3 and THUMB are trademarks or registered trademarks of ARM Holdings. Keil is a registered trademark of ARM Limited. All other products or brand names mentioned herein are trademarks of their respective holders. Silicon Laboratories Inc. 400 West Cesar Chavez Austin, TX 78701 USA http://www.silabs.com