EFM8SB2 Reference Manual

EFM8 Sleepy Bee Family
EFM8SB2 Reference Manual
The EFM8SB2, part of the Sleepy Bee family of MCUs, is the
world’s most energy friendly 8-bit microcontrollers with a comprehensive feature set in small packages.
ENERGY FRIENDLY FEATURES
• Lowest MCU sleep current with supply
brownout detection (50 nA)
These devices offer lowest power consumption by combining innovative low energy techniques and short wakeup times from energy saving modes into small packages, making
them well-suited for any battery operated applications. With an efficient 8051 core, 6-bit
current reference, and precision analog, the EFM8SB2 family is also optimal for embedded applications.
• Lowest MCU active current with these
features (170 μA / MHz at 24.5 MHz clock
rate)
EFM8SB2 applications include the following:
• Ultra-fast wake up for digital and analog
peripherals (< 2 μs)
• Battery-operated consumer electronics
• Sensor interfaces
• Hand-held devices
• Industrial controls
Core / Memory
RAM Memory
(4352 bytes)
(up to 64 KB)
• Integrated low drop out (LDO) voltage
regulator to maintain ultra-low active
current at all voltages
Clock Management
CIP-51 8051 Core
(25 MHz)
Flash Program
Memory
• Lowest MCU sleep current using internal
RTC operating and supply brownout
detection (<300 nA)
Debug Interface
with C2
Energy Management
External
Oscillator
Low Power 20
MHz RC
Oscillator
External 32 kHz
RTC Oscillator
High Frequency
24.5 MHz RC
Oscillator
Internal LDO
Regulator
Power-On Reset
Brown-Out Detector
8-bit SFR bus
Serial Interfaces
UART
2 x SPI
I2C / SMBus
I/O Ports
External
Interrupts
General
Purpose I/O
Timers and Triggers
Pin Reset
Timers
0/1/2/3
PCA/PWM
Pin Wakeup
Watchdog
Timer
Real Time
Clock
Analog Interfaces
ADC
Comparator 0
Comparator 1
Internal Voltage
Reference
Security
16/32-bit CRC
Internal Current Reference
Lowest power mode with peripheral operational:
Normal
Idle
Suspend
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System Overview
1. System Overview
1.1 Introduction
CIP-51 8051 Controller
Core
Power On
Reset/PMU
Wake
Reset
Debug /
Programming
Hardware
Digital Peripherals
64/32/16 KB ISP Flash
Program Memory
UART
256 Byte SRAM
Timers 0,
1, 2, 3
4096 Byte XRAM
PCA/WDT
C2D
VDD
Priority
Crossbar
Decoder
SMBus
Power Net
Analog
Power
VREG
Digital
Power
Crossbar Control
SFR
Bus
Port 1
Drivers
P1.n
Port 2
Drivers
P2.n
External Memory Interface
Control
Precision
24.5 MHz
Oscillator
Address
Data
Low Power
20 MHz
Oscillator
XTAL1
XTAL2
XTAL4
P0.n
CRC
SYSCLK
System Clock
Configuration
GND
XTAL3
Port 0
Drivers
SPI 0,1
External
Oscillator
Circuit
RTC
Oscillator
Analog Peripherals
Internal
External
VREF
VREF
10-bit
300ksps
ADC
AMUX
C2CK/RSTb
Port I/O Configuration
Comparators
VDD
VREF
Temp
Sensor
+
-+
6-bit
IREF
IREF0
GND
Figure 1.1. Detailed EFM8SB2 Block Diagram
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System Overview
1.2 Power
All internal circuitry draws power from the VDD supply pin. External I/O pins are powered from the VIO supply voltage (or VDD on devices without a separate VIO connection), while most of the internal circuitry is supplied by an on-chip LDO regulator. Control over the
device power can be achieved by enabling/disabling individual peripherals as needed. Each analog peripheral can be disabled when
not in use and placed in low power mode. Digital peripherals, such as timers and serial buses, have their clocks gated off and draw little
power when they are not in use.
Table 1.1. Power Modes
Power Mode
Details
Mode Entry
Wake-Up Sources
Normal
Core and all peripherals clocked and fully operational
—
—
Set IDLE bit in PCON0
Any interrupt
Idle
• Core halted
• All peripherals clocked and fully operational
• Code resumes execution on wake event
Suspend
• Core and digital peripherals halted
• Internal oscillators disabled
• Code resumes execution on wake event
1. Switch SYSCLK to
HFOSC0 or LPOSC0
2. Set SUSPEND bit in
PMU0CF
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•
•
•
RTC0 Alarm Event
RTC0 Fail Event
Port Match Event
Comparator 0 Rising
Edge
Sleep
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•
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•
•
1. Disable unused analog peripherals
2. Set SLEEP bit in
PMU0CF
•
•
•
•
RTC0 Alarm Event
RTC0 Fail Event
Port Match Event
Comparator 0 Rising
Edge
Most internal power nets shut down
Select circuits remain powered
Pins retain state
All RAM and SFRs retain state
Code resumes execution on wake event
1.3 I/O
Digital and analog resources are externally available on the device’s multi-purpose I/O pins. Port pins P0.0-P2.6 can be defined as general-purpose I/O (GPIO), assigned to one of the internal digital resources through the crossbar or dedicated channels, or assigned to an
analog function. Port pin P2.7 can be used as GPIO. Additionally, the C2 Interface Data signal (C2D) is shared with P2.7.
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Up to 24 multi-functions I/O pins, supporting digital and analog functions.
Flexible priority crossbar decoder for digital peripheral assignment.
Two drive strength settings for each pin.
Two direct-pin interrupt sources with dedicated interrupt vectors (INT0 and INT1).
Up to 16 direct-pin interrupt sources with shared interrupt vector (Port Match).
1.4 Clocking
The CPU core and peripheral subsystem may be clocked by both internal and external oscillator resources. By default, the system
clock comes up running from the 20 MHz low power oscillator divided by 8.
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•
•
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•
•
Provides clock to core and peripherals.
20 MHz low power oscillator (LPOSC0), accurate to +/- 10% over supply and temperature corners.
24.5 MHz internal oscillator (HFOSC0), accurate to +/- 2% over supply and temperature corners.
External RTC 32 kHz crystal.
External RC, C, CMOS, and high-frequency crystal clock options (EXTCLK).
Clock divider with eight settings for flexible clock scaling: Divide the selected clock source by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128.
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System Overview
1.5 Counters/Timers and PWM
Real Time Clock (RTC0)
The RTC is an ultra low power, 36 hour 32-bit independent time-keeping Real Time Clock with alarm. The RTC has a dedicated 32 kHz
oscillator. No external resistor or loading capacitors are required, and a missing clock detector features alerts the system if the external
crystal fails. The on-chip loading capacitors are programmable to 16 discrete levels allowing compatibility with a wide range of crystals.
The RTC module includes the following features:
• Up to 36 hours (32-bit) of independent time keeping.
• Support for external 32 kHz crystal or internal self-oscillate mode.
• Internal crystal loading capacitors with 16 levels.
• Operation in the lowest power mode and across the full supported voltage range.
• Alarm and oscillator failure events to wake from the lowest power mode or reset the device.
Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
The programmable counter array (PCA) provides multiple channels of enhanced timer and PWM functionality while requiring less CPU
intervention than standard counter/timers. The PCA consists of a dedicated 16-bit counter/timer and one 16-bit capture/compare module for each channel. The counter/timer is driven by a programmable timebase that has flexible external and internal clocking options.
Each capture/compare module may be configured to operate independently in one of five modes: Edge-Triggered Capture, Software
Timer, High-Speed Output, Frequency Output, or Pulse-Width Modulated (PWM) Output. Each capture/compare module has its own
associated I/O line (CEXn) which is routed through the crossbar to port I/O when enabled.
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•
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•
•
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•
•
16-bit time base.
Programmable clock divisor and clock source selection.
Up to six independently-configurable channels
8, 9, 10, 11 and 16-bit PWM modes (edge-aligned operation).
Frequency output mode.
Capture on rising, falling or any edge.
Compare function for arbitrary waveform generation.
Software timer (internal compare) mode.
Integrated watchdog timer.
Timers (Timer 0, Timer 1, Timer 2, and Timer 3)
Several counter/timers are included in the device: two are 16-bit counter/timers compatible with those found in the standard 8051, and
the rest are 16-bit auto-reload timers for timing peripherals or for general purpose use. These timers can be used to measure time intervals, count external events and generate periodic interrupt requests. Timer 0 and Timer 1 are nearly identical and have four primary
modes of operation. The other timers offer both 16-bit and split 8-bit timer functionality with auto-reload and capture capabilities.
Timer 0 and Timer 1 include the following features:
• Standard 8051 timers, supporting backwards-compatibility with firmware and hardware.
• Clock sources include SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, 4, or 48, the External Clock divided by 8, or an external pin.
• 8-bit auto-reload counter/timer mode
• 13-bit counter/timer mode
• 16-bit counter/timer mode
• Dual 8-bit counter/timer mode (Timer 0)
Timer 2 and Timer 3 are 16-bit timers including the following features:
• Clock sources include SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, or the External Clock divided by 8.
• 16-bit auto-reload timer mode
• Dual 8-bit auto-reload timer mode
• Comparator 0 or RTC0 capture (Timer 2)
• Comparator 1 or EXTCLK/8 capture (Timer 3)
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System Overview
Watchdog Timer (WDT0)
The device includes a programmable watchdog timer (WDT) integrated within the PCA0 peripheral. A WDT overflow forces the MCU
into the reset state. To prevent the reset, the WDT must be restarted by application software before overflow. If the system experiences
a software or hardware malfunction preventing the software from restarting the WDT, the WDT overflows and causes a reset. Following
a reset, the WDT is automatically enabled and running with the default maximum time interval. If needed, the WDT can be disabled by
system software. The state of the RSTb pin is unaffected by this reset.
The Watchdog Timer integrated in the PCA0 peripheral has the following features:
• Programmable timeout interval
• Runs from the selected PCA clock source
• Automatically enabled after any system reset
1.6 Communications and Other Digital Peripherals
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART0)
UART0 is an asynchronous, full duplex serial port offering modes 1 and 3 of the standard 8051 UART. Enhanced baud rate support
allows a wide range of clock sources to generate standard baud rates. Received data buffering allows UART0 to start reception of a
second incoming data byte before software has finished reading the previous data byte.
The UART module provides the following features:
• Asynchronous transmissions and receptions
• Baud rates up to SYSCLK/2 (transmit) or SYSCLK/8 (receive)
• 8- or 9-bit data
• Automatic start and stop generation
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0 and SPI1)
The serial peripheral interface (SPI) module provides access to a flexible, full-duplex synchronous serial bus. The SPI can operate as a
master or slave device in both 3-wire or 4-wire modes, and supports multiple masters and slaves on a single SPI bus. The slave-select
(NSS) signal can be configured as an input to select the SPI in slave mode, or to disable master mode operation in a multi-master
environment, avoiding contention on the SPI bus when more than one master attempts simultaneous data transfers. NSS can also be
configured as a firmware-controlled chip-select output in master mode, or disabled to reduce the number of pins required. Additional
general purpose port I/O pins can be used to select multiple slave devices in master mode.
The SPI module includes the following features:
• Supports 3- or 4-wire operation in master or slave modes.
• Supports external clock frequencies up to SYSCLK / 2 in master mode and SYSCLK / 10 in slave mode.
• Support for four clock phase and polarity options.
• 8-bit dedicated clock clock rate generator.
• Support for multiple masters on the same data lines.
System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
The SMBus I/O interface is a two-wire, bi-directional serial bus. The SMBus is compliant with the System Management Bus Specification, version 1.1, and compatible with the I2C serial bus.
The SMBus module includes the following features:
• Standard (up to 100 kbps) and Fast (400 kbps) transfer speeds.
• Support for master, slave, and multi-master modes.
• Hardware synchronization and arbitration for multi-master mode.
• Clock low extending (clock stretching) to interface with faster masters.
• Hardware support for 7-bit slave and general call address recognition.
• Firmware support for 10-bit slave address decoding.
• Ability to inhibit all slave states.
• Programmable data setup/hold times.
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System Overview
External Memory Interface (EMIF0)
The External Memory Interface (EMIF) enables access of off-chip memories and memory-mapped devices connected to the GPIO
ports. The external memory space may be accessed using the external move instruction (MOVX) with the target address specified in
either 8-bit or 16-bit formats.
• Supports multiplexed memory access.
• Four external memory modes:
• Internal only.
• Split mode without bank select.
• Split mode with bank select.
• External only
• Configurable ALE (address latch enable) timing.
• Configurable address setup and hold times.
• Configurable write and read pulse widths.
16/32-bit CRC (CRC0)
The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) module performs a CRC using a 16-bit or 32-bit polynomial. CRC0 accepts a stream of 8-bit data
and posts the result to an internal register. In addition to using the CRC block for data manipulation, hardware can automatically CRC
the flash contents of the device.
The CRC module is designed to provide hardware calculations for flash memory verification and communications protocols. The CRC
module includes the following features:
• Support for CCITT-16 polynomial (0x1021).
• Support for CRC-32 polynomial (0x04C11DB7).
• Byte-level bit reversal.
• Automatic CRC of flash contents on one or more 1024-byte blocks.
• Initial seed selection of 0x0000/0x00000000 or 0xFFFF/0xFFFFFFFF.
1.7 Analog
Programmable Current Reference (IREF0)
The programmable current reference (IREF0) module enables current source or sink with two output current settings: Low Power Mode
and High Current Mode. The maximum current output in Low Power Mode is 63 µA (1 µA steps) and the maximum current output in
High Current Mode is 504 µA (8 µA steps).
The IREF module includes the following features:
• Capable of sourcing or sinking current in programmable steps.
• Two operational modes: Low Power Mode and High Current Mode.
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System Overview
10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
The ADC is a successive-approximation-register (SAR) ADC with 10- and 8-bit modes, integrated track-and hold and a programmable
window detector. The ADC is fully configurable under software control via several registers. The ADC may be configured to measure
different signals using the analog multiplexer. The voltage reference for the ADC is selectable between internal and external reference
sources.
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•
•
•
•
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•
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•
•
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Up to 22 external inputs.
Single-ended 10-bit mode.
Supports an output update rate of 300 ksps samples per second.
Operation in low power modes at lower conversion speeds.
Asynchronous hardware conversion trigger, selectable between software, external I/O and internal timer sources.
Output data window comparator allows automatic range checking.
Support for burst mode, which produces one set of accumulated data per conversion-start trigger with programmable power-on settling and tracking time.
Conversion complete and window compare interrupts supported.
Flexible output data formatting.
Includes an internal 1.65 V fast-settling reference and support for external reference.
Integrated temperature sensor.
Low Current Comparators (CMP0, CMP1)
Analog comparators are used to compare the voltage of two analog inputs, with a digital output indicating which input voltage is higher.
External input connections to device I/O pins and internal connections are available through separate multiplexers on the positive and
negative inputs. Hysteresis, response time, and current consumption may be programmed to suit the specific needs of the application.
The comparator module includes the following features:
• Up to 12 external positive inputs.
• Up to 11 external negative inputs.
• Additional input options:
• Capacitive Sense Comparator output.
• VDD.
• VDD divided by 2.
• Internal connection to LDO output.
• Direct connection to GND.
• Synchronous and asynchronous outputs can be routed to pins via crossbar.
• Programmable hysteresis between 0 and +/-20 mV.
• Programmable response time.
• Interrupts generated on rising, falling, or both edges.
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System Overview
1.8 Reset Sources
Reset circuitry allows the controller to be easily placed in a predefined default condition. On entry to this reset state, the following occur:
• The core halts program execution.
• Module registers are initialized to their defined reset values unless the bits reset only with a power-on reset.
• External port pins are forced to a known state.
• Interrupts and timers are disabled.
All registers are reset to the predefined values noted in the register descriptions unless the bits only reset with a power-on reset. The
contents of RAM are unaffected during a reset; any previously stored data is preserved as long as power is not lost. The Port I/O latches are reset to 1 in open-drain mode. Weak pullups are enabled during and after the reset. For Supply Monitor and power-on resets,
the RSTb pin is driven low until the device exits the reset state. On exit from the reset state, the program counter (PC) is reset, and the
system clock defaults to an internal oscillator. The Watchdog Timer is enabled, and program execution begins at location 0x0000.
Reset sources on the device include the following:
• Power-on reset
• External reset pin
• Comparator reset
• Software-triggered reset
• Supply monitor reset (monitors VDD supply)
• Watchdog timer reset
• Missing clock detector reset
• Flash error reset
• RTC0 alarm or oscillator failure
1.9 Debugging
The EFM8SB2 devices include an on-chip Silicon Labs 2-Wire (C2) debug interface to allow flash programming and in-system debugging with the production part installed in the end application. The C2 interface uses a clock signal (C2CK) and a bi-directional C2 data
signal (C2D) to transfer information between the device and a host system. See the C2 Interface Specification for details on the C2
protocol.
1.10 Bootloader
All devices come pre-programmed with a UART bootloader. This bootloader resides in flash and can be erased if it is not needed.
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Memory Organization
2. Memory Organization
2.1 Memory Organization
The memory organization of the CIP-51 System Controller is similar to that of a standard 8051. There are two separate memory
spaces: program memory and data memory. Program and data memory share the same address space but are accessed via different
instruction types. Program memory consists of a non-volatile storage area that may be used for either program code or non-volatile
data storage. The data memory, consisting of "internal" and "external" data space, is implemented as RAM, and may be used only for
data storage. Program execution is not supported from the data memory space.
2.2 Program Memory
The CIP-51 core has a 64 KB program memory space. The product family implements some of this program memory space as in-system, re-programmable flash memory. Flash security is implemented by a user-programmable location in the flash block and provides
read, write, and erase protection. All addresses not specified in the device memory map are reserved and may not be used for code or
data storage.
MOVX Instruction and Program Memory
The MOVX instruction in an 8051 device is typically used to access external data memory. On the devices, the MOVX instruction is
normally used to read and write on-chip XRAM, but can be re-configured to write and erase on-chip flash memory space. MOVC instructions are always used to read flash memory, while MOVX write instructions are used to erase and write flash. This flash access
feature provides a mechanism for the product to update program code and use the program memory space for non-volatile data storage.
2.3 Data Memory
The RAM space on the chip includes both an "internal" RAM area which is accessed with MOV instructions, and an on-chip "external"
RAM area which is accessed using MOVX instructions. Total RAM varies, based on the specific device. The device memory map has
more details about the specific amount of RAM available in each area for the different device variants.
Internal RAM
There are 256 bytes of internal RAM mapped into the data memory space from 0x00 through 0xFF. The lower 128 bytes of data memory are used for general purpose registers and scratch pad memory. Either direct or indirect addressing may be used to access the lower
128 bytes of data memory. Locations 0x00 through 0x1F are addressable as four banks of general purpose registers, each bank consisting of eight byte-wide registers. The next 16 bytes, locations 0x20 through 0x2F, may either be addressed as bytes or as 128 bit
locations accessible with the direct addressing mode.
The upper 128 bytes of data memory are accessible only by indirect addressing. This region occupies the same address space as the
Special Function Registers (SFR) but is physically separate from the SFR space. The addressing mode used by an instruction when
accessing locations above 0x7F determines whether the CPU accesses the upper 128 bytes of data memory space or the SFRs. Instructions that use direct addressing will access the SFR space. Instructions using indirect addressing above 0x7F access the upper
128 bytes of data memory.
General Purpose Registers
The lower 32 bytes of data memory, locations 0x00 through 0x1F, may be addressed as four banks of general-purpose registers. Each
bank consists of eight byte-wide registers designated R0 through R7. Only one of these banks may be enabled at a time. Two bits in
the program status word (PSW) register, RS0 and RS1, select the active register bank. This allows fast context switching when entering
subroutines and interrupt service routines. Indirect addressing modes use registers R0 and R1 as index registers.
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Memory Organization
Bit Addressable Locations
In addition to direct access to data memory organized as bytes, the sixteen data memory locations at 0x20 through 0x2F are also accessible as 128 individually addressable bits. Each bit has a bit address from 0x00 to 0x7F. Bit 0 of the byte at 0x20 has bit address
0x00 while bit 7 of the byte at 0x20 has bit address 0x07. Bit 7 of the byte at 0x2F has bit address 0x7F. A bit access is distinguished
from a full byte access by the type of instruction used (bit source or destination operands as opposed to a byte source or destination).
The MCS-51™ assembly language allows an alternate notation for bit addressing of the form XX.B where XX is the byte address and B
is the bit position within the byte. For example, the instruction:
Mov
C, 22.3h
moves the Boolean value at 0x13 (bit 3 of the byte at location 0x22) into the Carry flag.
Stack
A programmer's stack can be located anywhere in the 256-byte data memory. The stack area is designated using the Stack Pointer
(SP) SFR. The SP will point to the last location used. The next value pushed on the stack is placed at SP+1 and then SP is incremented. A reset initializes the stack pointer to location 0x07. Therefore, the first value pushed on the stack is placed at location 0x08, which
is also the first register (R0) of register bank 1. Thus, if more than one register bank is to be used, the SP should be initialized to a
location in the data memory not being used for data storage. The stack depth can extend up to 256 bytes.
External RAM
On devices with more than 256 bytes of on-chip RAM, the additional RAM is mapped into the external data memory space (XRAM).
Addresses in XRAM area accessed using the external move (MOVX) instructions.
Note: The 16-bit MOVX write instruction is also used for writing and erasing the flash memory. More details may be found in the flash
memory section.
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Memory Organization
2.4 Memory Map
0xFFFF
Reserved
0xFBFF
0xFBFE
Lock Byte
Security Page
1024 Bytes
0xF800
63 KB Flash
(63 x 1024 Byte pages)
0x03FF
0x0000
0x0000
Scratchpad
1024 Bytes
Figure 2.1. Flash Memory Map — 64 KB Devices
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Memory Organization
0xFFFF
Reserved
0x7FFF
0x7FFE
Lock Byte
Security Page
1024 Bytes
0x7C00
32 KB Flash
(32 x 1024 Byte pages)
0x03FF
0x0000
0x0000
Scratchpad
1024 Bytes
Figure 2.2. Flash Memory Map — 32 KB Devices
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Memory Organization
0xFFFF
Reserved
0x3FFF
0x3FFE
Lock Byte
Security Page
1024 Bytes
0x3C00
16 KB Flash
0x03FF
(16 x 1024 Byte pages)
0x0000
0x0000
Scratchpad
1024 Bytes
Figure 2.3. Flash Memory Map — 16 KB Devices
On-Chip RAM
Accessed with MOV Instructions as Indicated
0xFF
Upper 128 Bytes
RAM
Special Function
Registers
(Indirect Access)
(Direct Access)
0x80
0x7F
Lower 128 Bytes RAM
(Direct or Indirect Access)
0x30
0x2F
0x20
0x1F
0x00
Bit-Addressable
General-Purpose Register Banks
Figure 2.4. Direct / Indirect RAM Memory
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Memory Organization
On-Chip XRAM
Accessed with MOVX Instructions
0xFFFF
Shadow XRAM
Duplicates 0x0000-0x0FFF
On 4096 B boundaries
0x1000
0x0FFF
XRAM
4096 Bytes
0x0000
Figure 2.5. XRAM Memory
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Special Function Registers
3. Special Function Registers
3.1 Special Function Register Access
The direct-access data memory locations from 0x80 to 0xFF constitute the special function registers (SFRs). The SFRs provide control
and data exchange with the CIP-51's resources and peripherals. The CIP-51 duplicates the SFRs found in a typical 8051 implementation as well as implementing additional SFRs used to configure and access the sub-systems unique to the MCU. This allows the addition of new functionality while retaining compatibility with the MCS-51 ™ instruction set.
The SFR registers are accessed anytime the direct addressing mode is used to access memory locations from 0x80 to 0xFF. SFRs
with addresses ending in 0x0 or 0x8 (e.g., P0, TCON, SCON0, IE, etc.) are bit-addressable as well as byte-addressable. All other SFRs
are byte-addressable only. Unoccupied addresses in the SFR space are reserved for future use. Accessing these areas will have an
indeterminate effect and should be avoided.
SFR Paging
The CIP-51 features SFR paging, allowing the device to map many SFRs into the 0x80 to 0xFF memory address space. The SFR
memory space has 256 pages. In this way, each memory location from 0x80 to 0xFF can access up to 256 SFRs. The EFM8SB2
devices utilize multiple SFR pages. All of the common 8051 SFRs are available on all pages. Certain SFRs are only available on a
subset of pages. SFR pages are selected using the SFRPAGE register. The procedure for reading and writing an SFR is as follows:
1. Select the appropriate SFR page using the SFRPAGE register.
2. Use direct accessing mode to read or write the special function register (MOV instruction).
The SFRPAGE register only needs to be changed in the case that the SFR to be accessed does not exist on the currently-selected
page. See the SFR memory map for details on the locations of each SFR. It is good practice inside of interrupt service routines to save
the current SFRPAGE at the beginning of the ISR and restore this value at the end.
Interrupts and SFR Paging
In any system which changes the SFRPAGE while interrupts are active, it is good practice to save the current SFRPAGE value upon
ISR entry, and then restore the SFRPAGE before exiting the ISR. This ensures that SFRPAGE will remain at the desired setting when
returning from the ISR.
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Special Function Registers
3.2 Special Function Register Memory Map
Table 3.1. Special Function Registers by Address
Address
(*bit-addressable)
SFR Page
0x00
Address
0x0F
(*bit-addressable)
SFR Page
0x00
0x0F
0x80*
P0
0xC0*
SMB0CN0
-
0x81
SP
0xC1
SMB0CF
-
0x82
DPL
0xC2
SMB0DAT
-
0x83
DPH
0xC3
ADC0GTL
-
0x84
SPI1CFG
-
0xC4
ADC0GTH
-
0x85
SPI1CKR
TOFFL
0xC5
ADC0LTL
-
0x86
SPI1DAT
TOFFH
0xC6
ADC0LTH
-
0xC7
P0MASK
-
0x87
PCON0
0x88*
TCON
-
0xC8*
TMR2CN0
-
0x89
TMOD
-
0xC9
REG0CN
-
0x8A
TL0
-
0xCA
TMR2RLL
-
0x8B
TL1
-
0xCB
TMR2RLH
-
0x8C
TH0
-
0xCC
TMR2L
-
0x8D
TH1
-
0xCD
TMR2H
-
0x8E
CKCON0
-
0xCE
PCA0CPM5
-
0x8F
PSCTL
-
0xCF
P1MAT
-
0x90*
P1
0xD0*
PSW
0x91
TMR3CN0
CRC0DAT
0xD1
REF0CN
-
0x92
TMR3RLL
CRC0CN0
0xD2
PCA0CPL5
-
0x93
TMR3RLH
CRC0IN
0xD3
PCA0CPH5
-
0x94
TMR3L
-
0xD4
P0SKIP
-
0x95
TMR3H
CRC0FLIP
0xD5
P1SKIP
-
0x96
-
CRC0AUTO
0xD6
P2SKIP
-
0x97
-
CRC0CNT
0xD7
P0MAT
-
0x98*
SCON0
-
0xD8*
PCA0CN0
-
0x99
SBUF0
-
0xD9
PCA0MD
-
0x9A
CMP1CN0
-
0xDA
PCA0CPM0
-
0x9B
CMP0CN0
-
0xDB
PCA0CPM1
-
0x9C
CMP1MD
-
0xDC
PCA0CPM2
-
0x9D
CMP0MD
-
0xDD
PCA0CPM3
-
0x9E
CMP1MX
-
0xDE
PCA0CPM4
-
0x9F
CMP0MX
-
0xDF
PCA0PWM
-
0xA0*
P2
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Special Function Registers
Address
(*bit-addressable)
SFR Page
0x00
Address
0x0F
(*bit-addressable)
SFR Page
0x00
0x0F
0xA1
SPI0CFG
-
0xE1
XBR0
-
0xA2
SPI0CKR
-
0xE2
XBR1
-
0xA3
SPI0DAT
-
0xE3
XBR2
-
0xA4
P0MDOUT
P0DRV
0xE4
IT01CF
-
0xA5
P1MDOUT
P1DRV
0xE5
-
0xA6
P2MDOUT
P2DRV
0xE6
EIE1
EIE2
0xA7
SFRPAGE
0xE7
0xA8*
IE
0xE8*
ADC0CN0
-
0xA9
CLKSEL
0xE9
PCA0CPL1
-
0xAA
EMI0CN
-
0xEA
PCA0CPH1
-
0xAB
EMI0CF
-
0xEB
PCA0CPL2
-
0xAC
RTC0ADR
-
0xEC
PCA0CPH2
-
0xAD
RTC0DAT
-
0xED
PCA0CPL3
-
0xAE
RTC0KEY
-
0xEE
PCA0CPH3
-
0xAF
EMI0TC
-
0xEF
RSTSRC
-
0xB0*
SPI1CN0
-
0xF0*
0xB1
XOSC0CN
-
0xF1
P0MDIN
-
0xB2
HFO0CN
-
0xF2
P1MDIN
-
0xB3
HFO0CAL
-
0xF3
P2MDIN
-
0xF4
SMB0ADR
-
SMB0ADM
-
0xB4
-
B
0xB5
PMU0CF
-
0xF5
0xB6
FLSCL
-
0xF6
EIP1
0xB7
FLKEY
-
0xF7
EIP2
0xB8*
IP
0xF8*
SPI0CN0
-
0xB9
IREF0CN0
-
0xF9
PCA0L
-
0xBA
ADC0AC
ADC0PWR
0xFA
PCA0H
-
0xBB
ADC0MX
-
0xFB
PCA0CPL0
-
0xBC
ADC0CF
-
0xFC
PCA0CPH0
-
0xBD
ADC0L
ADC0TK
0xFD
PCA0CPL4
-
0xBE
ADC0H
-
0xFE
PCA0CPH4
-
0xBF
P1MASK
-
0xFF
VDM0CN
-
Table 3.2. Special Function Registers by Name
Register
Address SFR Pages
Description
ACC
0xE0
ALL
Accumulator
ADC0AC
0xBA
0x00
ADC0 Accumulator Configuration
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Special Function Registers
Register
Address SFR Pages
Description
ADC0CF
0xBC
0x00
ADC0 Configuration
ADC0CN0
0xE8
0x00
ADC0 Control 0
ADC0GTH
0xC4
0x00
ADC0 Greater-Than High Byte
ADC0GTL
0xC3
0x00
ADC0 Greater-Than Low Byte
ADC0H
0xBE
0x00
ADC0 Data Word High Byte
ADC0L
0xBD
0x00
ADC0 Data Word Low Byte
ADC0LTH
0xC6
0x00
ADC0 Less-Than High Byte
ADC0LTL
0xC5
0x00
ADC0 Less-Than Low Byte
ADC0MX
0xBB
0x00
ADC0 Multiplexer Selection
ADC0PWR
0xBA
0x0F
ADC0 Power Control
ADC0TK
0xBD
0x0F
ADC0 Burst Mode Track Time
B
0xF0
ALL
B Register
CKCON0
0x8E
0x00
Clock Control 0
CLKSEL
0xA9
ALL
Clock Select
CMP0CN0
0x9B
0x00
Comparator 0 Control 0
CMP0MD
0x9D
0x00
Comparator 0 Mode
CMP0MX
0x9F
0x00
Comparator 0 Multiplexer Selection
CMP1CN0
0x9A
0x00
Comparator 1 Control 0
CMP1MD
0x9C
0x00
Comparator 1 Mode
CMP1MX
0x9E
0x00
Comparator 1 Multiplexer Selection
CRC0AUTO
0x96
0x0F
CRC0 Automatic Control
CRC0CN0
0x92
0x0F
CRC0 Control 0
CRC0CNT
0x97
0x0F
CRC0 Automatic Flash Sector Count
CRC0DAT
0x91
0x0F
CRC0 Data Output
CRC0FLIP
0x95
0x0F
CRC0 Bit Flip
CRC0IN
0x93
0x0F
CRC0 Data Input
DPH
0x83
ALL
Data Pointer High
DPL
0x82
ALL
Data Pointer Low
EIE1
0xE6
ALL
Extended Interrupt Enable 1
EIE2
0xE7
ALL
Extended Interrupt Enable 2
EIP1
0xF6
ALL
Extended Interrupt Priority 1
EIP2
0xF7
ALL
Extended Interrupt Priority 2
EMI0CF
0xAB
0x00
External Memory Configuration
EMI0CN
0xAA
0x00
External Memory Interface Control
EMI0TC
0xAF
0x00
External Memory Timing Control
FLKEY
0xB7
0x00
Flash Lock and Key
FLSCL
0xB6
0x00
Flash Scale
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Special Function Registers
Register
Address SFR Pages
Description
HFO0CAL
0xB3
0x00
High Frequency Oscillator Calibration
HFO0CN
0xB2
0x00
High Frequency Oscillator Control
IE
0xA8
ALL
Interrupt Enable
IP
0xB8
ALL
Interrupt Priority
IREF0CN0
0xB9
0x00
Current Reference Control 0
IT01CF
0xE4
0x00
INT0/INT1 Configuration
P0
0x80
ALL
Port 0 Pin Latch
P0DRV
0xA4
0x0F
Port 0 Drive Strength
P0MASK
0xC7
0x00
Port 0 Mask
P0MAT
0xD7
0x00
Port 0 Match
P0MDIN
0xF1
0x00
Port 0 Input Mode
P0MDOUT
0xA4
0x00
Port 0 Output Mode
P0SKIP
0xD4
0x00
Port 0 Skip
P1
0x90
ALL
Port 1 Pin Latch
P1DRV
0xA5
0x0F
Port 1 Drive Strength
P1MASK
0xBF
0x00
Port 1 Mask
P1MAT
0xCF
0x00
Port 1 Match
P1MDIN
0xF2
0x00
Port 1 Input Mode
P1MDOUT
0xA5
0x00
Port 1 Output Mode
P1SKIP
0xD5
0x00
Port 1 Skip
P2
0xA0
ALL
Port 2 Pin Latch
P2DRV
0xA6
0x0F
Port 2 Drive Strength
P2MDIN
0xF3
0x00
Port 2 Input Mode
P2MDOUT
0xA6
0x00
Port 2 Output Mode
P2SKIP
0xD6
0x00
Port 2 Skip
PCA0CN0
0xD8
0x00
PCA Control 0
PCA0CPH0
0xFC
0x00
PCA Channel 0 Capture Module High Byte
PCA0CPH1
0xEA
0x00
PCA Channel 1 Capture Module High Byte
PCA0CPH2
0xEC
0x00
PCA Channel 2 Capture Module High Byte
PCA0CPH3
0xEE
0x00
PCA Channel 3 Capture Module High Byte
PCA0CPH4
0xFE
0x00
PCA Channel 4 Capture Module High Byte
PCA0CPH5
0xD3
0x00
PCA Channel 5 Capture Module High Byte
PCA0CPL0
0xFB
0x00
PCA Channel 0 Capture Module Low Byte
PCA0CPL1
0xE9
0x00
PCA Channel 1 Capture Module Low Byte
PCA0CPL2
0xEB
0x00
PCA Channel 2 Capture Module Low Byte
PCA0CPL3
0xED
0x00
PCA Channel 3 Capture Module Low Byte
PCA0CPL4
0xFD
0x00
PCA Channel 4 Capture Module Low Byte
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Special Function Registers
Register
Address SFR Pages
Description
PCA0CPL5
0xD2
0x00
PCA Channel 5 Capture Module Low Byte
PCA0CPM0
0xDA
0x00
PCA Channel 0 Capture/Compare Mode
PCA0CPM1
0xDB
0x00
PCA Channel 1 Capture/Compare Mode
PCA0CPM2
0xDC
0x00
PCA Channel 2 Capture/Compare Mode
PCA0CPM3
0xDD
0x00
PCA Channel 3 Capture/Compare Mode
PCA0CPM4
0xDE
0x00
PCA Channel 4 Capture/Compare Mode
PCA0CPM5
0xCE
0x00
PCA Channel 5 Capture/Compare Mode
PCA0H
0xFA
0x00
PCA Counter/Timer High Byte
PCA0L
0xF9
0x00
PCA Counter/Timer Low Byte
PCA0MD
0xD9
0x00
PCA Mode
PCA0PWM
0xDF
0x00
PCA PWM Configuration
PCON0
0x87
ALL
Power Control 0
PMU0CF
0xB5
0x00
Power Management Unit Configuration
PSCTL
0x8F
0x00
Program Store Control
PSW
0xD0
ALL
Program Status Word
REF0CN
0xD1
0x00
Voltage Reference Control
REG0CN
0xC9
0x00
Voltage Regulator Control
RSTSRC
0xEF
0x00
Reset Source
RTC0ADR
0xAC
0x00
RTC Address
RTC0DAT
0xAD
0x00
RTC Data
RTC0KEY
0xAE
0x00
RTC Lock and Key
SBUF0
0x99
0x00
UART0 Serial Port Data Buffer
SCON0
0x98
0x00
UART0 Serial Port Control
SFRPAGE
0xA7
ALL
SFR Page
SMB0ADM
0xF5
0x00
SMBus 0 Slave Address Mask
SMB0ADR
0xF4
0x00
SMBus 0 Slave Address
SMB0CF
0xC1
0x00
SMBus 0 Configuration
SMB0CN0
0xC0
0x00
SMBus 0 Control
SMB0DAT
0xC2
0x00
SMBus 0 Data
SP
0x81
ALL
Stack Pointer
SPI0CFG
0xA1
0x00
SPI0 Configuration
SPI0CKR
0xA2
0x00
SPI0 Clock Rate
SPI0CN0
0xF8
0x00
SPI0 Control
SPI0DAT
0xA3
0x00
SPI0 Data
SPI1CFG
0x84
0x00
SPI1 Configuration
SPI1CKR
0x85
0x00
SPI1 Clock Rate
SPI1CN0
0xB0
0x00
SPI1 Control
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Special Function Registers
Register
Address SFR Pages
Description
SPI1DAT
0x86
0x00
SPI1 Data
TCON
0x88
0x00
Timer 0/1 Control
TH0
0x8C
0x00
Timer 0 High Byte
TH1
0x8D
0x00
Timer 1 High Byte
TL0
0x8A
0x00
Timer 0 Low Byte
TL1
0x8B
0x00
Timer 1 Low Byte
TMOD
0x89
0x00
Timer 0/1 Mode
TMR2CN0
0xC8
0x00
Timer 2 Control 0
TMR2H
0xCD
0x00
Timer 2 High Byte
TMR2L
0xCC
0x00
Timer 2 Low Byte
TMR2RLH
0xCB
0x00
Timer 2 Reload High Byte
TMR2RLL
0xCA
0x00
Timer 2 Reload Low Byte
TMR3CN0
0x91
0x00
Timer 3 Control 0
TMR3H
0x95
0x00
Timer 3 High Byte
TMR3L
0x94
0x00
Timer 3 Low Byte
TMR3RLH
0x93
0x00
Timer 3 Reload High Byte
TMR3RLL
0x92
0x00
Timer 3 Reload Low Byte
TOFFH
0x86
0x0F
Temperature Sensor Offset High
TOFFL
0x85
0x0F
Temperature Sensor Offset Low
VDM0CN
0xFF
0x00
VDD Supply Monitor Control
XBR0
0xE1
0x00
Port I/O Crossbar 0
XBR1
0xE2
0x00
Port I/O Crossbar 1
XBR2
0xE3
0x00
Port I/O Crossbar 2
XOSC0CN
0xB1
0x00
External Oscillator Control
3.3 SFR Access Control Registers
3.3.1 SFRPAGE: SFR Page
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
SFRPAGE
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = ALL; SFR Address: 0xA7
Bit
Name
Reset
7:0
SFRPAGE 0x00
Access
Description
RW
SFR Page.
Specifies the SFR Page used when reading, writing, or modifying special function registers.
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Flash Memory
4. Flash Memory
4.1 Introduction
On-chip, re-programmable flash memory is included for program code and non-volatile data storage. The flash memory is organized in
1024-byte pages. It can be erased and written through the C2 interface or from firmware by overloading the MOVX instruction. Any
individual byte in flash memory must only be written once between page erase operations.
0xFFFF
Reserved
0xFBFF
0xFBFE
Lock Byte
Security Page
1024 Bytes
0xF800
63 KB Flash
(63 x 1024 Byte pages)
0x03FF
0x0000
0x0000
Scratchpad
1024 Bytes
Figure 4.1. Flash Memory Map — 64 KB Devices
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Flash Memory
0xFFFF
Reserved
0x7FFF
0x7FFE
Lock Byte
Security Page
1024 Bytes
0x7C00
32 KB Flash
(32 x 1024 Byte pages)
0x03FF
0x0000
0x0000
Scratchpad
1024 Bytes
Figure 4.2. Flash Memory Map — 32 KB Devices
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Flash Memory
0xFFFF
Reserved
0x3FFF
0x3FFE
Lock Byte
Security Page
1024 Bytes
0x3C00
16 KB Flash
0x03FF
(16 x 1024 Byte pages)
0x0000
0x0000
Scratchpad
1024 Bytes
Figure 4.3. Flash Memory Map — 16 KB Devices
4.2 Features
The flash memory has the following features:
• Up to 64 KB organized in 1024-byte sectors.
• In-system programmable from user firmware.
• Security lock to prevent unwanted read/write/erase access.
• 1024 bytes of non-volatile data storage in the Scratchpad.
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Flash Memory
4.3 Functional Description
4.3.1 Security Options
The CIP-51 provides security options to protect the flash memory from inadvertent modification by software as well as to prevent the
viewing of proprietary program code and constants. The Program Store Write Enable (bit PSWE in register PSCTL) and the Program
Store Erase Enable (bit PSEE in register PSCTL) bits protect the flash memory from accidental modification by software. PSWE must
be explicitly set to 1 before software can modify the flash memory; both PSWE and PSEE must be set to 1 before software can erase
flash memory. Additional security features prevent proprietary program code and data constants from being read or altered across the
C2 interface.
A Security Lock Byte located in flash user space offers protection of the flash program memory from access (reads, writes, or erases)
by unprotected code or the C2 interface. See the specific device memory map for the location of the security byte. The flash security
mechanism allows the user to lock "n" flash pages, starting at page 0, where "n" is the 1s complement number represented by the
Security Lock Byte.
Note: The page containing the flash Security Lock Byte is unlocked when no other flash pages are locked (all bits of the Lock Byte are
1) and locked when any other flash pages are locked (any bit of the Lock Byte is 0).
Table 4.1. Security Byte Decoding
Security Lock Byte
111111101b
1s Complement
00000010b
Flash Pages Locked
3 (First two flash pages + Lock Byte Page)
The level of flash security depends on the flash access method. The three flash access methods that can be restricted are reads,
writes, and erases from the C2 debug interface, user firmware executing on unlocked pages, and user firmware executing on locked
pages.
Table 4.2. Flash Security Summary—Firmware Permissions
Permissions according to the area firmware is executing from:
Target Area for Read / Write / Erase
Unlocked User
Page
Locked User Page
Unlocked Data
Page
Locked Data Page
Any Unlocked Page
[R] [W] [E]
[R] [W] [E]
[R] [W] [E]
[R] [W] [E]
Locked Page (except security page)
reset
[R] [W] [E]
reset
[R] [W] [E]
Locked Security Page
reset
[R] [W]
reset
[R] [W]
Reserved Area
reset
reset
reset
reset
[R] = Read permitted
[W] = Write permitted
[E] = Erase permitted
reset = Flash error reset triggered
n/a = Not applicable
Table 4.3. Flash Security Summary—C2 Permissions
Target Area for Read / Write / Erase
Permissions from C2 interface
Any Unlocked Page
[R] [W] [E]
Any Locked Page
Device Erase Only
Reserved Area
None
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Flash Memory
Target Area for Read / Write / Erase
Permissions from C2 interface
[R] = Read permitted
[W] = Write permitted
[E] = Erase permitted
Device Erase Only = No read, write, or individual page erase is allowed. Must erase entire flash space.
None = Read, write and erase are not permitted
4.3.2 Programming the Flash Memory
Writes to flash memory clear bits from logic 1 to logic 0 and can be performed on single byte locations. Flash erasures set bits back to
logic 1 and occur only on full pages. The write and erase operations are automatically timed by hardware for proper execution; data
polling to determine the end of the write/erase operation is not required. Code execution is stalled during a flash write/erase operation.
The simplest means of programming the flash memory is through the C2 interface using programming tools provided by Silicon Labs or
a third party vendor. Firmware may also be loaded into the device to implement code-loader functions or allow non-volatile data storage. To ensure the integrity of flash contents, it is strongly recommended that the on-chip supply monitor be enabled in any system that
includes code that writes and/or erases flash memory from software.
4.3.2.1 Flash Lock and Key Functions
Flash writes and erases by user software are protected with a lock and key function. The FLKEY register must be written with the correct key codes, in sequence, before flash operations may be performed. The key codes are 0xA5 and 0xF1. The timing does not matter, but the codes must be written in order. If the key codes are written out of order or the wrong codes are written, flash writes and
erases will be disabled until the next system reset. Flash writes and erases will also be disabled if a flash write or erase is attempted
before the key codes have been written properly. The flash lock resets after each write or erase; the key codes must be written again
before another flash write or erase operation can be performed.
4.3.2.2 Flash Page Erase Procedure
The flash memory is erased one page at a time by firmware using the MOVX write instruction with the address targeted to any byte
within the page. Before erasing a page of flash memory, flash write and erase operations must be enabled by setting the PSWE and
PSEE bits in the PSCTL register to logic 1 (this directs the MOVX writes to target flash memory and enables page erasure) and writing
the flash key codes in sequence to the FLKEY register. The PSWE and PSEE bits remain set until cleared by firmware.
Erase operation applies to an entire page (setting all bytes in the page to 0xFF). To erase an entire page, perform the following steps:
1. Disable interrupts (recommended).
2. Write the first key code to FLKEY: 0xA5.
3. Write the second key code to FLKEY: 0xF1.
4. Set the PSEE bit (register PSCTL).
5. Set the PSWE bit (register PSCTL).
6. Using the MOVX instruction, write a data byte to any location within the page to be erased.
7. Clear the PSWE and PSEE bits.
4.3.2.3 Flash Byte Write Procedure
The flash memory is written by firmware using the MOVX write instruction with the address and data byte to be programmed provided
as normal operands in DPTR and A. Before writing to flash memory using MOVX, flash write operations must be enabled by setting the
PSWE bit in the PSCTL register to logic 1 (this directs the MOVX writes to target flash memory) and writing the flash key codes in
sequence to the FLKEY register. The PSWE bit remains set until cleared by firmware. A write to flash memory can clear bits to logic 0
but cannot set them. A byte location to be programmed should be erased (already set to 0xFF) before a new value is written.
To write a byte of flash, perform the following steps:
1. Disable interrupts (recommended).
2. Write the first key code to FLKEY: 0xA5.
3. Write the second key code to FLKEY: 0xF1.
4. Set the PSWE bit (register PSCTL).
5. Clear the PSEE bit (register PSCTL).
6. Using the MOVX instruction, write a single data byte to the desired location within the desired page.
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Flash Memory
7. Clear the PSWE bit.
4.3.3 Flash Write and Erase Precautions
Any system which contains routines which write or erase flash memory from software involves some risk that the write or erase routines
will execute unintentionally if the CPU is operating outside its specified operating range of supply voltage, system clock frequency or
temperature. This accidental execution of flash modifying code can result in alteration of flash memory contents causing a system failure that is only recoverable by re-flashing the code in the device.
To help prevent the accidental modification of flash by firmware, hardware restricts flash writes and erasures when the supply monitor is
not active and selected as a reset source. As the monitor is enabled and selected as a reset source by default, it is recommended that
systems writing or erasing flash simply maintain the default state.
The following sections provide general guidelines for any system which contains routines which write or erase flash from code. Additional flash recommendations and example code can be found in AN201: Writing to Flash From Firmware, available from the Silicon
Laboratories website.
Voltage Supply Maintenance and the Supply Monitor
• If the system power supply is subject to voltage or current "spikes," add sufficient transient protection devices to the power supply to
ensure that the supply voltages listed in the Absolute Maximum Ratings table are not exceeded.
• Make certain that the minimum supply rise time specification is met. If the system cannot meet this rise time specification, then add
an external supply brownout circuit to the RSTb pin of the device that holds the device in reset until the voltage supply reaches the
lower limit, and re-asserts RSTb if the supply drops below the low supply limit.
• Do not disable the supply monitor. If the supply monitor must be disabled in the system, firmware should be added to the startup
routine to enable the on-chip supply monitor and enable the supply monitor as a reset source as early in code as possible. This
should be the first set of instructions executed after the reset vector. For C-based systems, this may involve modifying the startup
code added by the C compiler. See your compiler documentation for more details. Make certain that there are no delays in software
between enabling the supply monitor and enabling the supply monitor as a reset source.
Note: The supply monitor must be enabled and enabled as a reset source when writing or erasing flash memory. A flash error reset
will occur if either condition is not met.
• As an added precaution if the supply monitor is ever disabled, explicitly enable the supply monitor and enable the supply monitor as
a reset source inside the functions that write and erase flash memory. The supply monitor enable instructions should be placed just
after the instruction to set PSWE to a 1, but before the flash write or erase operation instruction.
• Make certain that all writes to the RSTSRC (Reset Sources) register use direct assignment operators and explicitly do not use the
bit-wise operators (such as AND or OR). For example, "RSTSRC = 0x02" is correct. "RSTSRC |= 0x02" is incorrect.
• Make certain that all writes to the RSTSRC register explicitly set the PORSF bit to a 1. Areas to check are initialization code which
enables other reset sources, such as the Missing Clock Detector or Comparator, for example, and instructions which force a Software Reset. A global search on "RSTSRC" can quickly verify this.
PSWE Maintenance
• Reduce the number of places in code where the PSWE bit (in register PSCTL) is set to a 1. There should be exactly one routine in
code that sets PSWE to a 1 to write flash bytes and one routine in code that sets PSWE and PSEE both to a 1 to erase flash pages.
• Minimize the number of variable accesses while PSWE is set to a 1. Handle pointer address updates and loop variable maintenance
outside the "PSWE = 1;... PSWE = 0;" area.
• Disable interrupts prior to setting PSWE to a 1 and leave them disabled until after PSWE has been reset to 0. Any interrupts posted
during the flash write or erase operation will be serviced in priority order after the flash operation has been completed and interrupts
have been re-enabled by software.
• Make certain that the flash write and erase pointer variables are not located in XRAM. See your compiler documentation for instructions regarding how to explicitly locate variables in different memory areas.
• Add address bounds checking to the routines that write or erase flash memory to ensure that a routine called with an illegal address
does not result in modification of the flash.
System Clock
• If operating from an external crystal-based source, be advised that crystal performance is susceptible to electrical interference and is
sensitive to layout and to changes in temperature. If the system is operating in an electrically noisy environment, use the internal
oscillator or use an external CMOS clock.
• If operating from the external oscillator, switch to the internal oscillator during flash write or erase operations. The external oscillator
can continue to run, and the CPU can switch back to the external oscillator after the flash operation has completed.
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Flash Memory
4.3.4 Minimizing Flash Read Current
The flash memory is responsible for a substantial portion of the total digital supply current when the device is executing code. Below are
suggestions to minimize flash read current.
1. Use low power modes while waiting for an interrupt, rather than polling the interrupt flag.
2. Disable the one-shot timer.
3. Reduce the number of toggling address lines for short code loops.
Using Low Power Modes
To reduce flash read current, use idle, suspend, or sleep modes while waiting for an interrupt, rather than polling the interrupt flag. Idle
mode is particularly well-suited for use in implementing short pauses, since the wake-up time is no more than three system clock cycles. See the Power Management chapter for details on the various low-power operating modes.
Disabling the One-Shot Timer
The flash has a one-shot timer that saves power when operating at system clock frequencies of 10 MHz or less. The one-shot timer
generates a minimum-duration enable signal for the flash sense amps on each clock cycle in which the flash memory is accessed. This
allows the flash to remain in a low power state for the remainder of the long clock cycle.
At clock frequencies above 10 MHz, the system clock cycle becomes short enough that the one-shot timer no longer provides a power
benefit. Disabling the one-shot timer at higher frequencies reduces power consumption. The one-shot is enabled by default, and it can
be disabled (bypassed) by setting the BYPASS bit in the FLSCL register. To reenable the one-shot, clear the BYPASS bit to logic 0.
Reduce Toggling Lines in Loops
Flash read current depends on the number of address lines that toggle between sequential flash read operations. In most cases, the
difference in power is relatively small (on the order of 5%).
The flash memory is organized in rows of 128 bytes. A substantial current increase can be detected when the read address jumps from
one row in the flash memory to another. Consider a 3-cycle loop (e.g., SJMP $, or while(1);) which straddles a flash row boundary. The
flash address jumps from one row to another on two of every three clock cycles. This can result in a current increase of up 30% when
compared to the same 3-cycle loop contained entirely within a single row.
To minimize the power consumption of small loops, it is best to locate them within a single row, if possible. To check if a loop is contained within a flash row, divide the starting address of the first instruction in the loop by 128. If the remainder (result of modulo operation) plus the length of the loop is less than 127, then the loop fits inside a single flash row. Otherwise, the loop will be straddling two
adjacent flash rows. If a loop executes in 20 or more clock cycles, then the transitions from one row to another will occur on relatively
few clock cycles, and any resulting increase in operating current will be negligible.
4.3.5 Scratchpad
An additional scratchpad area is available for non-volatile data storage. It is accessible at addresses 0x0000 to 0x03FF when the SFLE
bit is set to 1. The scratchpad area cannot be used for code execution. The scratchpad is locked when all other flash pages are locked,
and it is erased when a Flash Device Erase command is performed.
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Flash Memory
4.4 Flash Control Registers
4.4.1 PSCTL: Program Store Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
Reserved
SFLE
PSEE
PSWE
Access
R
RW
RW
RW
0x00
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x8F
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
7:3
Reserved
Must write reset value.
2
SFLE
0
RW
Description
Scratchpad Flash Memory Access Enable.
When this bit is set, flash MOVC reads and MOVX writes from user software are directed to the Scratchpad flash sector.
Flash accesses outside the address range 0x0000-0x01FF should not be attempted and may yield undefined results when
SFLE is set to 1.
1
Value
Name
Description
0
SCRATCHPAD_DISABLED
Flash access from user software directed to the Program/Data Flash sector.
1
SCRATCHPAD_ENABLED
Flash access from user software directed to the Scratchpad sector.
PSEE
0
Program Store Erase Enable.
RW
Setting this bit (in combination with PSWE) allows an entire page of flash program memory to be erased. If this bit is logic 1
and flash writes are enabled (PSWE is logic 1), a write to flash memory using the MOVX instruction will erase the entire
page that contains the location addressed by the MOVX instruction. The value of the data byte written does not matter.
0
Value
Name
Description
0
ERASE_DISABLED
Flash program memory erasure disabled.
1
ERASE_ENABLED
Flash program memory erasure enabled.
PSWE
0
Program Store Write Enable.
RW
Setting this bit allows writing a byte of data to the flash program memory using the MOVX write instruction. The flash location should be erased before writing data.
Value
Name
Description
0
WRITE_DISABLED
Writes to flash program memory disabled.
1
WRITE_ENABLED
Writes to flash program memory enabled; the MOVX write instruction targets flash
memory.
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Flash Memory
4.4.2 FLKEY: Flash Lock and Key
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
FLKEY
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xB7
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
FLKEY
0x00
RW
Flash Lock and Key Register.
Write:
This register provides a lock and key function for flash erasures and writes. Flash writes and erases are enabled by writing
0xA5 followed by 0xF1 to the FLKEY register. Flash writes and erases are automatically disabled after the next write or
erase is complete. If any writes to FLKEY are performed incorrectly, or if a flash write or erase operation is attempted while
these operations are disabled, the flash will be permanently locked from writes or erasures until the next device reset. If an
application never writes to flash, it can intentionally lock the flash by writing a non-0xA5 value to FLKEY from firmware.
Read:
When read, bits 1-0 indicate the current flash lock state.
00: Flash is write/erase locked.
01: The first key code has been written (0xA5).
10: Flash is unlocked (writes/erases allowed).
11: Flash writes/erases are disabled until the next reset.
4.4.3 FLSCL: Flash Scale
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Name
Reserved
BYPASS
Reserved
Access
R
RW
R
Reset
0
0
0x00
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xB6
Bit
Name
Reset
7
Reserved
Must write reset value.
6
BYPASS
0
Value
Name
Description
0
ONE_SHOT
The one-shot determines the flash read time. This setting should be used for operating frequencies less than 14 MHz.
1
SYSCLK
The system clock determines the flash read time. This setting should be used for
frequencies greater than 14 MHz.
Reserved
Must write reset value.
5:0
Access
RW
Description
Flash Read Timing One-Shot Bypass.
When changing the BYPASS bit from 1 to 0, the third opcode byte fetched from program memory is indeterminate. Therefore, the
operation which clears the BYPASS bit should be immediately followed by a benign 3-byte instruction whose third byte is a don't care.
An example of such an instruction is a 3-byte MOV that targets the CRC0FLIP register. When programming in C, the dummy value
written to CRC0FLIP should be a non-zero value to prevent the compiler from generating a 2-byte MOV instruction.
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Device Identification
5. Device Identification
5.1 Unique Identifier
A 32-bit unique identifier (UID) is pre-loaded upon device reset into the last four bytes of the XRAM area on all devices. The UID can be
read by firmware using MOVX instructions and through the debug port.
As the UID appears in RAM, firmware can overwrite the UID during normal operation. The bytes in memory will be automatically reinitialized with the UID value after any device reset. Firmware using this area of memory should always initialize the memory to a known
value, as any previous data stored at these locations will be overwritten and not retained through a reset.
Table 5.1. UID Location in Memory
Device
XRAM Addresses
EFM8SB20F64G
(MSB) 0x0FFF, 0x0FFE, 0x0FFD, 0x0FFC (LSB)
EFM8SB20F32G
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Interrupts
6. Interrupts
6.1 Introduction
The MCU core includes an extended interrupt system supporting multiple interrupt sources and priority levels. The allocation of interrupt
sources between on-chip peripherals and external input pins varies according to the specific version of the device.
Interrupt sources may have one or more associated interrupt-pending flag(s) located in an SFR local to the associated peripheral.
When a peripheral or external source meets a valid interrupt condition, the associated interrupt-pending flag is set to logic 1.
If interrupts are enabled for the source, an interrupt request is generated when the interrupt-pending flag is set. As soon as execution of
the current instruction is complete, the CPU generates an LCALL to a predetermined address to begin execution of an interrupt service
routine (ISR). Each ISR must end with an RETI instruction, which returns program execution to the next instruction that would have
been executed if the interrupt request had not occurred. If interrupts are not enabled, the interrupt-pending flag is ignored by the hardware and program execution continues as normal. The interrupt-pending flag is set to logic 1 regardless of whether the interrupt is enabled.
Each interrupt source can be individually enabled or disabled through the use of an associated interrupt enable bit in the IE and EIEn
registers. However, interrupts must first be globally enabled by setting the EA bit to logic 1 before the individual interrupt enables are
recognized. Setting the EA bit to logic 0 disables all interrupt sources regardless of the individual interrupt-enable settings.
Some interrupt-pending flags are automatically cleared by the hardware when the CPU vectors to the ISR or by other hardware conditions. However, most are not cleared by the hardware and must be cleared by software before returning from the ISR. If an interruptpending flag remains set after the CPU completes the return-from-interrupt (RETI) instruction, a new interrupt request will be generated
immediately and the CPU will re-enter the ISR after the completion of the next instruction.
6.2 Interrupt Sources and Vectors
The CIP51 core supports interrupt sources for each peripheral on the device. Software can simulate an interrupt for many peripherals
by setting any interrupt-pending flag to logic 1. If interrupts are enabled for the flag, an interrupt request will be generated and the CPU
will vector to the ISR address associated with the interrupt-pending flag. Refer to the data sheet section associated with a particular onchip peripheral for information regarding valid interrupt conditions for the peripheral and the behavior of its interrupt-pending flag(s).
6.2.1 Interrupt Priorities
Each interrupt source can be individually programmed to one of two priority levels: low or high. A low priority interrupt service routine
can be preempted by a high priority interrupt. A high priority interrupt cannot be preempted. Each interrupt has an associated interrupt
priority bit in the IP and EIPn registers, which are used to configure its priority level. Low priority is the default. If two interrupts are
recognized simultaneously, the interrupt with the higher priority is serviced first. If both interrupts have the same priority level, a fixed
order is used to arbitrate, based on the interrupt source's location in the interrupt vector table. Interrupts with a lower number in the
vector table have priority.
6.2.2 Interrupt Latency
Interrupt response time depends on the state of the CPU when the interrupt occurs. Pending interrupts are sampled and priority decoded on every system clock cycle. Therefore, the fastest possible response time is 5 system clock cycles: 1 clock cycle to detect the
interrupt and 4 clock cycles to complete the LCALL to the ISR. If an interrupt is pending when a RETI is executed, a single instruction is
executed before an LCALL is made to service the pending interrupt. Therefore, the maximum response time for an interrupt (when no
other interrupt is currently being serviced or the new interrupt is of greater priority) occurs when the CPU is performing an RETI instruction followed by a DIV as the next instruction. In this case, the response time is 18 system clock cycles: 1 clock cycle to detect the
interrupt, 5 clock cycles to execute the RETI, 8 clock cycles to complete the DIV instruction and 4 clock cycles to execute the LCALL to
the ISR. If the CPU is executing an ISR for an interrupt with equal or higher priority, the new interrupt will not be serviced until the
current ISR completes, including the RETI and following instruction. If more than one interrupt is pending when the CPU exits an ISR,
the CPU will service the next highest priority interrupt that is pending.
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Interrupts
6.2.3 Interrupt Summary
Table 6.1. Interrupt Priority Table
Interrupt Source
Vector
Priority
Primary Enable
Reset
0x0000
Top
External Interrupt 0
0x0003
0
IE_EX0
-
TCON_IE0
Timer 0 Overflow
0x000B
1
IE_ET0
-
TCON_TF0
External Interrupt 1
0x0013
2
IE_EX1
-
TCON_IE1
Timer 1 Overflow
0x001B
3
IE_ET1
-
TCON_TF1
UART 0
0x0023
4
IE_ES0
-
SCON0_RI
-
Auxiliary Enable(s)
Pending Flag(s)
-
-
SCON0_TI
Timer 2 Overflow
SPI0
0x002B
0x0033
5
6
IE_ET2
IE_ESPI0
TMR2CN0_TF2CEN
TMR2CN0_TF2H
TMR2CN0_TF2LEN
TMR2CN0_TF2L
-
SPI0CN0_MODF
SPI0CN0_RXOVRN
SPI0CN0_SPIF
SPI0CN0_WCOL
SMBus 0
0x003B
7
EIE1_ESMB0
-
SMB0CN0_SI
RTC0 Alarm
0x0043
8
EIE1_ERTC0A
-
RTC0CN0_ALRM
ADC0 Window Compare
0x004B
9
EIE1_EWADC0
-
ADC0CN0_ADWINT
ADC0 End of Conversion 0x0053
10
EIE1_EADC0
-
ADC0CN0_ADINT
PCA0
11
EIE1_EPCA0
0x005B
PCA0CPM0_ECCF
PCA0CN0_CCF0
PCA0CPM1_ECCF
PCA0CN0_CCF1
PCA0CPM2_ECCF
PCA0CN0_CCF2
PCA0CPM3_ECCF
PCA0CN0_CCF3
PCA0CPM4_ECCF
PCA0CN0_CCF4
PCA0CPM5_ECCF
PCA0CN0_CCF5
PCA0CN0_CF
Comparator 0
Comparator 1
Timer 3 Overflow
0x0063
0x006B
0x0073
12
13
14
EIE1_ECP0
EIE1_ECP1
EIE1_ET3
CMP0MD_CPFIE
CMP0CN0_CPFIF
CMP0MD_CPRIE
CMP0CN0_CPRIF
CMP1MD_CPFIE
CMP1CN0_CPFIF
CMP1MD_CPRIE
CMP1CN0_CPRIF
TMR3CN0_TF3CEN
TMR3CN0_TF3H
TMR3CN0_TF3LEN
TMR3CN0_TF3L
Supply Monitor Early
Warning
0x007B
15
EIE2_EWARN
-
Port Match
0x0083
16
EIE2_EMAT
-
RTC0 Oscillator Fail
0x008B
17
EIE2_ERTC0F
-
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Interrupts
Interrupt Source
Vector
Priority
Primary Enable
SPI1
0x0093
18
EIE2_ESPI1
Auxiliary Enable(s)
-
Pending Flag(s)
SPI1CN0_MODF
SPI1CN0_RXOVRN
SPI1CN0_SPIF
SPI1CN0_WCOL
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Interrupts
6.3 Interrupt Control Registers
6.3.1 IE: Interrupt Enable
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
EA
ESPI0
ET2
ES0
ET1
EX1
ET0
EX0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = ALL; SFR Address: 0xA8 (bit-addressable)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
EA
0
RW
All Interrupts Enable.
Globally enables/disables all interrupts and overrides individual interrupt mask settings.
6
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable all interrupt sources.
1
ENABLED
Enable each interrupt according to its individual mask setting.
ESPI0
0
RW
SPI0 Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the SPI0 interrupts.
5
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable all SPI0 interrupts.
1
ENABLED
Enable interrupt requests generated by SPI0.
ET2
0
RW
Timer 2 Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the Timer 2 interrupt.
4
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable Timer 2 interrupt.
1
ENABLED
Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF2L or TF2H flags.
ES0
0
RW
UART0 Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the UART0 interrupt.
3
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable UART0 interrupt.
1
ENABLED
Enable UART0 interrupt.
ET1
0
RW
Timer 1 Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the Timer 1 interrupt.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable all Timer 1 interrupt.
1
ENABLED
Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF1 flag.
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Interrupts
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
2
EX1
0
RW
External Interrupt 1 Enable.
This bit sets the masking of External Interrupt 1.
1
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable external interrupt 1.
1
ENABLED
Enable interrupt requests generated by the INT1 input.
ET0
0
RW
Timer 0 Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the Timer 0 interrupt.
0
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable all Timer 0 interrupt.
1
ENABLED
Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF0 flag.
EX0
0
RW
External Interrupt 0 Enable.
This bit sets the masking of External Interrupt 0.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable external interrupt 0.
1
ENABLED
Enable interrupt requests generated by the INT0 input.
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Interrupts
6.3.2 IP: Interrupt Priority
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
Reserved
PSPI0
PT2
PS0
PT1
PX1
PT0
PX0
Access
R
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
Reset
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Page = ALL; SFR Address: 0xB8 (bit-addressable)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
7
Reserved
Must write reset value.
6
PSPI0
0
RW
Description
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the SPI0 interrupt.
5
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
SPI0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1
HIGH
SPI0 interrupt set to high priority level.
PT2
0
RW
Timer 2 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Timer 2 interrupt.
4
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
Timer 2 interrupt set to low priority level.
1
HIGH
Timer 2 interrupt set to high priority level.
PS0
0
RW
UART0 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the UART0 interrupt.
3
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
UART0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1
HIGH
UART0 interrupt set to high priority level.
PT1
0
RW
Timer 1 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Timer 1 interrupt.
2
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
Timer 1 interrupt set to low priority level.
1
HIGH
Timer 1 interrupt set to high priority level.
PX1
0
RW
External Interrupt 1 Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the External Interrupt 1 interrupt.
1
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
External Interrupt 1 set to low priority level.
1
HIGH
External Interrupt 1 set to high priority level.
PT0
0
RW
Timer 0 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Timer 0 interrupt.
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Interrupts
Bit
0
Name
Reset
Access
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
Timer 0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1
HIGH
Timer 0 interrupt set to high priority level.
PX0
0
RW
Description
External Interrupt 0 Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the External Interrupt 0 interrupt.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
External Interrupt 0 set to low priority level.
1
HIGH
External Interrupt 0 set to high priority level.
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Interrupts
6.3.3 EIE1: Extended Interrupt Enable 1
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
ET3
ECP1
ECP0
EPCA0
EADC0
EWADC0
ERTC0A
ESMB0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = ALL; SFR Address: 0xE6
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
ET3
0
RW
Timer 3 Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the Timer 3 interrupt.
6
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable Timer 3 interrupts.
1
ENABLED
Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF3L or TF3H flags.
ECP1
0
RW
Comparator1 (CP1) Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the CP1 interrupt.
5
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable CP1 interrupts.
1
ENABLED
Enable interrupt requests generated by the comparator 1 CPRIF or CPFIF flags.
ECP0
0
RW
Comparator0 (CP0) Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the CP0 interrupt.
4
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable CP0 interrupts.
1
ENABLED
Enable interrupt requests generated by the comparator 0 CPRIF or CPFIF flags.
EPCA0
0
RW
Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the PCA0 interrupts.
3
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable all PCA0 interrupts.
1
ENABLED
Enable interrupt requests generated by PCA0.
EADC0
0
RW
ADC0 Conversion Complete Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt.
2
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt.
1
ENABLED
Enable interrupt requests generated by the ADINT flag.
EWADC0
0
RW
ADC0 Window Comparison Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of ADC0 Window Comparison interrupt.
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Interrupts
Bit
1
Name
Reset
Access
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable ADC0 Window Comparison interrupt.
1
ENABLED
Enable interrupt requests generated by ADC0 Window Compare flag (ADWINT).
ERTC0A
0
RW
Description
RTC Alarm Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the RTC Alarm interrupt.
0
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable RTC Alarm interrupts.
1
ENABLED
Enable interrupt requests generated by a RTC Alarm.
ESMB0
0
RW
SMBus (SMB0) Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the SMB0 interrupt.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable all SMB0 interrupts.
1
ENABLED
Enable interrupt requests generated by SMB0.
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Interrupts
6.3.4 EIP1: Extended Interrupt Priority 1
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
PT3
PCP1
PCP0
PPCA0
PADC0
PWADC0
PRTC0A
PSMB0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = ALL; SFR Address: 0xF6
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
PT3
0
RW
Timer 3 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Timer 3 interrupt.
6
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
Timer 3 interrupts set to low priority level.
1
HIGH
Timer 3 interrupts set to high priority level.
PCP1
0
RW
Comparator1 (CP1) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the CP1 interrupt.
5
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
CP1 interrupt set to low priority level.
1
HIGH
CP1 interrupt set to high priority level.
PCP0
0
RW
Comparator0 (CP0) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the CP0 interrupt.
4
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
CP0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1
HIGH
CP0 interrupt set to high priority level.
PPCA0
0
RW
Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the PCA0 interrupt.
3
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
PCA0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1
HIGH
PCA0 interrupt set to high priority level.
PADC0
0
RW
ADC0 Conversion Complete Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt.
2
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt set to low priority level.
1
HIGH
ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt set to high priority level.
PWADC0
0
RW
ADC0 Window Comparator Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the ADC0 Window interrupt.
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Interrupts
Bit
1
Name
Reset
Access
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
ADC0 Window interrupt set to low priority level.
1
HIGH
ADC0 Window interrupt set to high priority level.
PRTC0A
0
RW
Description
RTC Alarm Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the RTC Alarm interrupt.
0
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
RTC Alarm interrupt set to low priority level.
1
HIGH
RTC Alarm interrupt set to high priority level.
PSMB0
0
RW
SMBus (SMB0) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the SMB0 interrupt.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
SMB0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1
HIGH
SMB0 interrupt set to high priority level.
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Interrupts
6.3.5 EIE2: Extended Interrupt Enable 2
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
Reserved
ESPI1
ERTC0F
EMAT
EWARN
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
Reset
0x0
0
0
0
0
SFR Page = ALL; SFR Address: 0xE7
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
7:4
Reserved
Must write reset value.
3
ESPI1
0
RW
Description
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI1) Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the SPI1 interrupts.
2
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable all SPI1 interrupts.
1
ENABLED
Enable interrupt requests generated by SPI1.
ERTC0F
0
RW
RTC Oscillator Fail Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the RTC Oscillator Fail interrupt.
1
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable RTC Oscillator Fail interrupts.
1
ENABLED
Enable interrupt requests generated by the RTC Oscillator Fail event.
EMAT
0
RW
Port Match Interrupts Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the Port Match event interrupt.
0
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable all Port Match interrupts.
1
ENABLED
Enable interrupt requests generated by a Port Match.
EWARN
0
RW
VDD Supply Monitor Early Warning Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the VDD Supply Monitor Early Warning interrupt.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable the Supply Monitor Early Warning interrupt.
1
ENABLED
Enable interrupt requests generated by the Supply Monitors.
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Interrupts
6.3.6 EIP2: Extended Interrupt Priority 2
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
Reserved
PSPI1
PRTC0F
PMAT
PWARN
Access
R
RW
RW
RW
RW
0x0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = ALL; SFR Address: 0xF7
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
7:4
Reserved
Must write reset value.
3
PSPI1
0
RW
Description
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI1) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the SPI1 interrupt.
2
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
SP1 interrupt set to low priority level.
1
HIGH
SPI1 interrupt set to high priority level.
PRTC0F
0
RW
RTC Oscillator Fail Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the RTC Oscillator Fail interrupt.
1
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
RTC Oscillator Fail interrupt set to low priority level.
1
HIGH
RTC Oscillator Fail interrupt set to high priority level.
PMAT
0
RW
Port Match Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Port Match Event interrupt.
0
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
Port Match interrupt set to low priority level.
1
HIGH
Port Match interrupt set to high priority level.
PWARN
0
RW
Supply Monitor Early Warning Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the VDD Supply Monitor Early Warning interrupt.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
Supply Monitor Early Warning interrupt set to low priority level.
1
HIGH
Supply Monitor Early Warning interrupt set to high priority level.
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Power Management and Internal Regulators
7. Power Management and Internal Regulators
7.1 Introduction
All internal circuitry draws power from the VDD supply pin. External I/O pins are powered from the VIO supply voltage (or VDD on devices without a separate VIO connection), while most of the internal circuitry is supplied by an on-chip LDO regulator. Control over the
device power can be achieved by enabling/disabling individual peripherals as needed. Each analog peripheral can be disabled when
not in use and placed in low power mode. Digital peripherals, such as timers and serial buses, have their clocks gated off and draw little
power when they are not in use.
Power Distribution
VDD
Core LDO
1.8V
Normal/Idle/
Suspend/
Shutdown
GND
Sleep
CPU Core
RTC
Flash
RAM
Oscillators
PMU
Digital I/O
Interface
Port I/O Pins
Analog
Muxes
Peripheral
Logic
Figure 7.1. Power System Block Diagram
Table 7.1. Power Modes
Power Mode
Details
Mode Entry
Wake-Up Sources
Normal
Core and all peripherals clocked and fully operational
—
—
Set IDLE bit in PCON0
Any interrupt
Idle
• Core halted
• All peripherals clocked and fully operational
• Code resumes execution on wake event
Suspend
• Core and digital peripherals halted
• Internal oscillators disabled
• Code resumes execution on wake event
1. Switch SYSCLK to
HFOSC0 or LPOSC0
2. Set SUSPEND bit in
PMU0CF
•
•
•
•
RTC0 Alarm Event
RTC0 Fail Event
Port Match Event
Comparator 0 Rising
Edge
Sleep
•
•
•
•
•
1. Disable unused analog peripherals
2. Set SLEEP bit in
PMU0CF
•
•
•
•
RTC0 Alarm Event
RTC0 Fail Event
Port Match Event
Comparator 0 Rising
Edge
Most internal power nets shut down
Select circuits remain powered
Pins retain state
All RAM and SFRs retain state
Code resumes execution on wake event
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Power Management and Internal Regulators
7.2 Features
• Supports four power modes:
• Normal mode: Core and all peripherals fully operational.
• Idle mode: Core halted, peripherals fully operational, core waiting for interrupt to continue.
• Suspend mode: Similar to Sleep mode, with faster wake-up times, but higher current consumption. Code resumes execution at
the next instruction.
• Sleep mode: Ultra low power mode with flexible wake-up sources. Code resumes execution at the next instruction.
Note: Legacy 8051 Stop mode is also supported, but Suspend and Sleep offer more functionality with better power consumption.
• Fully internal core LDO supplies power to majority of blocks.
7.3 Idle Mode
In idle mode, CPU core execution is halted while any enabled peripherals and clocks remain active. Power consumption in idle mode is
dependent upon the system clock frequency and any active peripherals.
Setting the IDLE bit in the PCON0 register causes the hardware to halt the CPU and enter idle mode as soon as the instruction that
sets the bit completes execution. All internal registers and memory maintain their original data. All analog and digital peripherals can
remain active during idle mode.
Idle mode is terminated when an enabled interrupt is asserted or a reset occurs. The assertion of an enabled interrupt will cause the
IDLE bit to be cleared and the CPU to resume operation. The pending interrupt will be serviced and the next instruction to be executed
after the return from interrupt (RETI) will be the instruction immediately following the one that set the IDLE bit. If idle mode is terminated
by an internal or external reset, the CIP-51 performs a normal reset sequence and begins program execution at address 0x0000.
Note: If the instruction following the write of the IDLE bit is a single-byte instruction and an interrupt occurs during the execution phase
of the instruction that sets the IDLE bit, the CPU may not wake from idle mode when a future interrupt occurs. Therefore, instructions
that set the IDLE bit should be followed by an instruction that has two or more opcode bytes. For example:
// in ‘C’:
PCON0 |= 0x01; // set IDLE bit
PCON0 = PCON0; // ... followed by a 3-cycle dummy instruction
; in assembly:
ORL PCON0, #01h ; set IDLE bit
MOV PCON0, PCON0 ; ... followed by a 3-cycle dummy instruction
If enabled, the Watchdog Timer (WDT) will eventually cause an internal watchdog reset and thereby terminate the Idle mode. This feature protects the system from an unintended permanent shutdown in the event of an inadvertent write to the PCON0 register. If this
behavior is not desired, the WDT may be disabled by software prior to entering the idle mode if the WDT was initially configured to
allow this operation. This provides the opportunity for additional power savings, allowing the system to remain in the idle mode indefinitely, waiting for an external stimulus to wake up the system.
Note: To ensure the MCU enters a low power state upon entry into Idle mode, the one-shot circuit should be enabled by clearing the
BYPASS bit in the FLSCL register.
7.4 Stop Mode
In stop mode, the CPU is halted and peripheral clocks are stopped. Analog peripherals remain in their selected states.
Setting the STOP bit in the PCON0 register causes the controller core to enter stop mode as soon as the instruction that sets the bit
completes execution. Before entering stop mode, the system clock must be sourced by HFOSC0. In stop mode, the CPU and internal
clocks are stopped. Analog peripherals may remain enabled, but will not be provided a clock. Each analog peripheral may be shut down
individually by firmware prior to entering stop mode. Stop mode can only be terminated by an internal or external reset. On reset, the
device performs the normal reset sequence and begins program execution at address 0x0000.
If enabled as a reset source, the missing clock detector will cause an internal reset and thereby terminate the stop mode. If this reset is
undesirable in the system, and the CPU is to be placed in stop mode for longer than the missing clock detector timeout, the missing
clock detector should be disabled in firmware prior to setting the STOP bit.
Note: To ensure the MCU enters a low power state upon entry into Stop mode, the one-shot circuit should be enabled by clearing the
BYPASS bit in the FLSCL register.
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Power Management and Internal Regulators
7.5 Suspend Mode
Suspend mode is entered by setting the SUSPEND bit while operating from the internal 24.5 MHz oscillator (HFOSC0) or the internal
20 MHz oscillator (LPOSC0). Upon entry into suspend mode, the hardware halts all of the internal oscillators and goes into a low power
state as soon as the instruction that sets the bit completes execution. All internal registers and memory maintain their original data.
Note: When entering Suspend mode, the global clock divider must be set to "divide by 1" using the CLKDIV field in the CLKSEL register.
Note: The one-shot circuit should be enabled by clearing the BYPASS bit in the FLSCL register to logic 0.
Note: Upon wake-up from Suspend, the power management unit requires two system clocks in order to update the PMU0CF wake-up
flags. All flags will read back a value of 0 during the first two system clocks following a wake-up from Suspend.
Note: The instruction placing the device in Suspend mode should be immediately followed by four NOP instructions. This will ensure
the PMU resynchronizes with the core.
Suspend mode is terminated by any enabled wake or reset source. When suspend mode is terminated, the device will continue execution on the instruction following the one that set the SUSPEND bit. If the wake event was configured to generate an interrupt, the interrupt will be serviced upon waking the device. If suspend mode is terminated by an internal or external reset, the CIP-51 performs a
normal reset sequence and begins program execution at address 0x0000.
In addition, a noise glitch on RSTb that is not long enough to reset the device will cause the device to exit Suspend. In order for the
MCU to respond to the pin reset event, software must not place the device back into suspend mode for a period of 15 μs. The PMU0CF
register may be checked to determine if the wake-up was due to a falling edge on the RSTb pin. If the wake-up source is not due to a
falling edge on RSTb, there is no time restriction on how soon software may place the device back into suspend mode. A 4.7 kΩ pullup
resistor to VDD is recommend for RSTb to prevent noise glitches from waking the device.
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Power Management and Internal Regulators
7.6 Sleep Mode
Setting the sleep mode select bit in the PMU0CF register turns off the internal 1.8 V core LDO regulator and switches the power supply
of all on-chip RAM to the VDD pin. Power to most digital logic on the chip is disconnected; only the power management unit and RTC
remain powered. Only the comparators remain functional when the device enters Sleep mode. All other analog peripherals (ADC0,
IREF0, External Oscillator, etc.) should be disabled prior to entering Sleep mode.
Note: The system clock source must be set to the low power internal oscillator (LPOSC0) with the clock divider set to 1 prior to entering
Sleep mode.
Note: The instruction placing the device in Sleep mode should be immediately followed by four NOP instructions. This will ensure the
PMU resynchronizes with the core.
The precision internal oscillator may potentially lock up after exiting Sleep mode. Systems using Sleep mode and the precision oscillator (HPOSC0) should switch to the low power oscillator prior to entering Sleep:
1. Switch the system clock to the low power oscillator.
2. Turn off the precision oscillator.
3. Enter Sleep.
4. Exit Sleep.
5. Wait 4 NOP instructions.
6. Turn on the precision oscillator.
7. Switch the system clock to the precision oscillator.
GPIO pins configured as digital outputs will retain their output state during sleep mode and maintain the same current drive capability in
sleep mode as they have in normal mode. GPIO pins configured as digital inputs can be used during sleep mode as wakeup sources
using the port match feature and will maintain the same input level specs in Sleep mode as they have in normal mode.
RAM and SFR register contents are preserved in Sleep as long as the voltage on VDD does not fall below VPOR. The PC counter and
all other volatile state information is preserved allowing the device to resume code execution upon waking up from sleep mode.
The following wake-up sources can be configured to wake the device from sleep mode:
• RTC oscillator fail
• RTC alarm
• Port match event
• Comparator 0 rising edge
The comparator requires a supply voltage of at least 1.8 V to operate properly. In addition, any falling edge on RSTb (due to a pin reset
or a noise glitch) will cause the device to exit Sleep In order for the MCU to respond to the pin reset event, software must not place the
device back into Sleep for a period of 15 μs. The PMU0CF register may be checked to determine if the wake-up was due to a falling
edge on the RSTb pin. If the wake-up source is not due to a falling edge on RSTb, there is no time restriction on how soon software
may place the device back into sleep mode. A 4.7 kΩ pullup resistor to VDD is recommend for RSTb to prevent noise glitches from
waking the device.
7.6.1 Configuring Wakeup Sources
Before placing the device in a low power mode, firmware should enable one or more wakeup sources so that the device does not remain in the low power mode indefinitely. For Idle mode, this includes enabling any interrupt. For Stop mode, this includes enabling any
reset source or relying on the RSTb pin to reset the device.
Wake-up sources for Suspend and Sleep modes are configured through the PMU0CF register. Wake-up sources are enabled by writing
1 to the corresponding wake-up source enable bit. Wake-up sources must be re-enabled each time the device is placed in Suspend or
Sleep mode in the same write that places the device in the low power mode.
The reset pin is always enabled as a wake-up source. The device will awaken from Sleep mode on the falling edge of RSTb. The device must remain awake for more than 15 μs in order for the reset to take place.
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Power Management and Internal Regulators
7.6.2 Determining the Event that Caused the Last Wakeup
When waking from Idle mode, the CPU will vector to the interrupt which caused it to wake up. When waking from Stop mode, the
RSTSRC register may be read to determine the cause of the last reset.
Upon exit from Suspend or Sleep mode, the wake-up flags in the power management registers can be read to determine the event
which caused the device to wake up. After waking up, the wake-up flags will continue to be updated if any of the wake-up events occur.
Wake-up flags are always updated, even if they are not enabled as wake-up sources.
All wake-up flags enabled as wake-up sources in the power management registers must be cleared before the device can enter Suspend or Sleep mode. After clearing the wake-up flags, each of the enabled wake-up events should be checked in the individual peripherals to ensure that a wake-up event did not occur while the wake-up flags were being cleared.
7.7 Power Management Control Registers
7.7.1 PCON0: Power Control 0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
GF5
GF4
GF3
GF2
GF1
GF0
STOP
IDLE
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = ALL; SFR Address: 0x87
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
GF5
0
RW
General Purpose Flag 5.
This flag is a general purpose flag for use under firmware control.
6
GF4
0
RW
General Purpose Flag 4.
This flag is a general purpose flag for use under firmware control.
5
GF3
0
RW
General Purpose Flag 3.
This flag is a general purpose flag for use under firmware control.
4
GF2
0
RW
General Purpose Flag 2.
This flag is a general purpose flag for use under firmware control.
3
GF1
0
RW
General Purpose Flag 1.
This flag is a general purpose flag for use under firmware control.
2
GF0
0
RW
General Purpose Flag 0.
This flag is a general purpose flag for use under firmware control.
1
STOP
0
RW
Stop Mode Select.
Setting this bit will place the CIP-51 in Stop mode. This bit will always be read as 0.
0
IDLE
0
RW
Idle Mode Select.
Setting this bit will place the CIP-51 in Idle mode. This bit will always be read as 0.
To ensure the MCU enters a low power state upon entry into Idle or Stop mode, the one-shot circuit should be enabled by clearing the
BYPASS bit in the FLSCL register.
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Power Management and Internal Regulators
7.7.2 PMU0CF: Power Management Unit Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
SLEEP
SUSPEND
CLEAR
RSTWK
RTCFWK
RTCAWK
PMATWK
CPT0WK
Access
W
W
W
R
RW
RW
RW
RW
Reset
0
0
0
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xB5
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
SLEEP
0
W
Sleep Mode Select.
Writing a 1 to this bit places the device in Sleep mode.
6
SUSPEND 0
W
Suspend Mode Select.
Writing a 1 to this bit places the device in Suspend mode.
5
CLEAR
0
W
Wake-up Flag Clear.
Writing a 1 to this bit clears all wake-up flags.
4
RSTWK
Varies
R
Reset Pin Wake-up Flag.
This bit is set to 1 if a glitch has been detected on RSTb.
3
RTCFWK
Varies
RW
RTC Oscillator Fail Wake-up Source Enable and Flag.
Read: Hardware sets this bit to 1 if the RTC oscillator failed.
Write: Write this bit to 1 to enable wake-up on an RTC oscillator failure.
2
RTCAWK
Varies
RW
RTC Alarm Wake-up Source Enable and Flag.
Read: Hardware sets this bit to 1 if the RTC Alarm occured.
Write: Write this bit to 1 to enable wake-up on an RTC Alarm.
1
PMATWK
Varies
RW
Port Match Wake-up Source Enable and Flag.
Read: Hardware sets this bit to 1 if Port Match event occured.
Write: Write this bit to 1 to enable wake-up on a Port Match event.
0
CPT0WK
Varies
RW
Comparator0 Wake-up Source Enable and Flag.
Read: Hardware sets this bit to 1 if a Comparator 0 rising edge caused the last wake-up.
Write: Write this bit to 1 to enable wake-up on a Comparator 0 rising edge.
Read-modify-write operations (ORL, ANL, etc.) should not be used on this register. Wake-up sources must be re-enabled each time
the SLEEP or SUSPEND bits are written to 1.
The Low Power Internal Oscillator cannot be disabled and the MCU cannot be placed in Suspend or Sleep Mode if any wake-up flags
are set to 1. Software should clear all wake-up sources after each reset and after each wake-up from Suspend or Sleep Modes.
PMU0 requires two system clocks to update the wake-up source flags after waking from Suspend mode. The wake-up source flags
will read 0 during the first two system clocks following the wake from Suspend mode.
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Power Management and Internal Regulators
7.7.3 REG0CN: Voltage Regulator Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Name
Reserved
OSCBIAS
Reserved
Access
R
RW
R
0x0
1
0x0
Reset
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xC9
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
7:5
Reserved
Must write reset value.
4
OSCBIAS
1
RW
Description
High Frequency Oscillator Bias.
When set to 1, the bias used by the precision High Frequency Oscillator is forced on. If the precision oscillator is not being
used, this bit may be cleared to 0 to reduce supply current in all non-Sleep power modes. If disabled then re-enabled, the
precision oscillator bias requires 4 us of settling time.
3:0
Reserved
Must write reset value.
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Clocking and Oscillators
8. Clocking and Oscillators
8.1 Introduction
The CPU core and peripheral subsystem may be clocked by both internal and external oscillator resources. By default, the system
clock comes up running from the 20 MHz low power oscillator divided by 8.
Clock Control
Low Power
Oscillator
(LPOSC0)
24.5 MHz
Oscillator
(HFOSC0)
/8
Programmable
Divider:
1, 2, 4...128
SYSCLK
To core and peripherals
External Oscillator
Input (EXTCLK)
RTC Oscillator
(RTCOSC)
Figure 8.1. Clock Control Block Diagram
8.2 Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
Provides clock to core and peripherals.
20 MHz low power oscillator (LPOSC0), accurate to +/- 10% over supply and temperature corners.
24.5 MHz internal oscillator (HFOSC0), accurate to +/- 2% over supply and temperature corners.
External RTC 32 kHz crystal.
External RC, C, CMOS, and high-frequency crystal clock options (EXTCLK).
Clock divider with eight settings for flexible clock scaling: Divide the selected clock source by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128.
8.3 Functional Description
8.3.1 Clock Selection
The CLKSEL register is used to select the clock source for the system (SYSCLK). The CLKSL field selects which oscillator source is
used as the system clock, while CLKDIV controls the programmable divider. When an internal oscillator source is selected as the
SYSCLK, the external oscillator may still clock certain peripherals. In these cases, the external oscillator source is synchronized to the
SYSCLK source. The system clock may be switched on-the-fly between any of the oscillator sources so long as the selected clock
source is enabled and has settled, and CLKDIV may be changed at any time.
Note: Some device families do place restrictions on the difference in operating frequency when switching clock sources. Please see the
CLKSEL register description for details.
8.3.2 LPOSC0 20 MHz Internal Oscillator
LPOSC0 is a programmable internal low power oscillator that is factory-calibrated to 20 MHz. The oscillator is automatically enabled
when selected as the system clock and disabled when not in use. This oscillator tolerance is ±10%.
8.3.3 HFOSC0 24.5 MHz Internal Oscillator
HFOSC0 is a programmable internal high-frequency oscillator that is factory-calibrated to 24.5 MHz. The oscillator is automatically enabled when it is requested. The oscillator period can be adjusted via the HFO0CAL register to obtain other frequencies.
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Clocking and Oscillators
8.3.4 RTC0 Oscillator
The system clock can be derived from the RTC0 oscillator, which can run from either an external 32 kHz crystal or an internal 16.4 kHz
±20% low frequency oscillator (LFOSC0). No loading capacitors are required for the crystal, and it can be connected directly to the
XTAL3 and XTAL4 pins.
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Clocking and Oscillators
8.3.5 External Crystal
If a crystal or ceramic resonator is used as the external oscillator, the crystal/resonator and a 10 MΩ resistor must be wired across the
XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins. Appropriate loading capacitors should be added to XTAL1 and XTAL2, and both pins should be configured for
analog I/O with the digital output drivers disabled.
The capacitors shown in the external crystal configuration provide the load capacitance required by the crystal for correct oscillation.
These capacitors are “in series” as seen by the crystal and “in parallel” with the stray capacitance of the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins.
Note: The recommended load capacitance depends upon the crystal and the manufacturer. Refer to the crystal data sheet when completing these calculations.
The equation for determining the load capacitance for two capacitors is as follows:
CL =
CA × CB
CA + CB
+ CS
Figure 8.2. External Oscillator Load Capacitance
Where:
• CA and CB are the capacitors connected to the crystal leads.
• CS is the total stray capacitance of the PCB.
• The stray capacitance for a typical layout where the crystal is as close as possible to the pins is 2-5 pF per pin.
If CA and CB are the same (C), then the equation becomes the following:
CL =
C
+ CS
2
Figure 8.3. External Oscillator Load Capacitance with Equal Capacitors
For example, a tuning-fork crystal of 25 MHz has a recommended load capacitance of 12.5 pF. With a stray capacitance of 3 pF per pin
(6 pF total), the 13 pF capacitors yield an equivalent capacitance of 12.5 pF across the crystal.
15 pF
XTAL1
25 MHz
10 M
XTAL2
15 pF
Figure 8.4. 25 MHz External Crystal Example
Crystal oscillator circuits are quite sensitive to PCB layout. The crystal should be placed as close as possible to the XTAL pins on the
device. The traces should be as short as possible and shielded with ground plane from any other traces which could introduce noise or
interference. When using an external crystal, the external oscillator drive circuit must be configured by firmware for Crystal Oscillator
Mode or Crystal Oscillator Mode with divide by 2 stage. The divide by 2 stage ensures that the clock derived from the external oscillator
has a duty cycle of 50%. The External Oscillator Frequency Control value (XFCN) must also be specified based on the crystal frequency. For example, a 25 MHz crystal requires an XFCN setting of 111b.
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Clocking and Oscillators
Table 8.1. Recommended XFCN Settings for Crystal Mode
XFCN Field Setting
Crystal Frequency
Approximate Bias Current
000
f ≤ 20 kHz
0.5 µA
001
20 kHz < f ≤ 58 kHz
1.5 µA
010
58 kHz < f ≤ 155 kHz
4.8 µA
011
155 kHz < f ≤ 415 kHz
14 µA
100
415 kHz < f ≤ 1.1 MHz
40 µA
101
1.1 MHz < f ≤ 3.1 MHz
120 µA
110
3.1 MHz < f ≤ 8.2 MHz
550 µA
111
8.2 MHz < f ≤ 25 MHz
2.6 mA
When the crystal oscillator is first enabled, the external oscillator valid detector allows software to determine when the external system
clock has stabilized. Switching to the external oscillator before the crystal oscillator has stabilized can result in unpredictable behavior.
The recommended procedure for starting the crystal is as follows:
1. Configure XTAL1 and XTAL2 for analog I/O and disable the digital output drivers.
2. Disable the XTAL1 and XTAL2 digital output drivers by writing 1's to the appropriate bits in the port latch register.
3. Configure and enable the external oscillator.
4. Wait at least 1 ms
5. Poll for XCLKVLD set to 1.
6. Switch the system clock to the external oscillator.
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Clocking and Oscillators
8.3.6 External RC and C Modes
External RC Example
An RC network connected to the XTAL2 pin can be used as a basic oscillator. XTAL1 is not affected in RC mode.
VDD
XTAL1
XTAL2
Figure 8.5. External RC Oscillator Configuration
The capacitor should be no greater than 100 pF; however, for very small capacitors, the total capacitance may be dominated by parasitic capacitance in the PCB layout. To determine the required XFCN field value, first select the RC network value to produce the desired
frequency of oscillation, according to , where f = the frequency of oscillation in MHz, C = the capacitor value in pF, and R = the pull-up
resistor value in kΩ.
f =
1.23 × 103
R×C
Figure 8.6. RC Mode Oscillator Frequency
For example, if the frequency desired is 100 kHz, let R = 246 kΩ and C = 50 pF:
f =
1.23 × 103
1.23 × 103
=
= 100 kHz
R×C
246 × 50
Figure 8.7. RC Mode Oscillator Example
Referencing , the recommended XFCN setting for 100 kHz is 010.
When the RC oscillator is first enabled, the external oscillator valid detector allows firmware to determine when oscillation has stabilized. The recommended procedure for starting the RC oscillator is as follows:
1. Configure XTAL2 for analog I/O and disable the digital output drivers.
2. Configure and enable the external oscillator.
3. Poll for XCLKVLD = 1.
4. Switch the system clock to the external oscillator.
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Clocking and Oscillators
External Capacitor Example
If a capacitor is used as the external oscillator, the circuit should be configured as shown in . The capacitor should be added to XTAL2,
and XTAL2 should be configured for analog I/O with the digital output drivers disabled. XTAL1 is not affected in C mode.
XTAL1
XTAL2
Figure 8.8. External Capacitor Oscillator Configuration
The capacitor should be no greater than 100 pF; however, for very small capacitors, the total capacitance may be dominated by parasitic capacitance in the PCB layout. The oscillation frequency and the required XFCN field value determined by the following equation,
where f is the frequency in MHz, C is the capacitor value on XTAL2 in pF, and VDD is the power supply voltage in Volts:
f =
KF
C × V DD
Figure 8.9. C Mode Oscillator Frequency
For example, assume VDD = 3.0 V and f = 150 kHz. Since a frequency of roughly 150 kHz is desired, select the K Factor from as KF =
22:
f =
KF
C × V DD
0.150 MHz =
C=
22
C × 3.0
22
0.150 MHz × 3.0
C = 48.8 pF
Figure 8.10. C Mode Oscillator Example
Therefore, the XFCN value to use in this example is 011 and C is approximately 50 pF. The recommended startup procedure for C
mode is the same as RC mode.
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Clocking and Oscillators
Recommended XFCN Settings for RC and C Modes
Table 8.2. Recommended XFCN Settings for RC and C Modes
XFCN Field Setting
Approximate Frequency
Range
K Factor (C Mode)
Actual Measured Frequency
(C Mode)
000
f ≤ 25 kHz
K Factor = 0.87
f = 11 kHz, C = 33 pF
001
25 kHz < f ≤ 50 kHz
K Factor = 2.6
f = 33 kHz, C = 33 pF
010
50 kHz < f ≤ 100 kHz
K Factor = 7.7
f = 98 kHz, C = 33 pF
011
100 kHz < f ≤ 200 kHz
K Factor = 22
f = 270 kHz, C = 33 pF
100
200 kHz < f ≤ 400 kHz
K Factor = 65
f = 310 kHz, C = 46 pF
101
400 kHz < f ≤ 800 kHz
K Factor = 180
f = 890 kHz, C = 46 pF
110
800 kHz < f ≤ 1.6 MHz
K Factor = 664
f = 2.0 MHz, C = 46 pF
111
1.6 MHz < f ≤ 3.2 MHz
K Factor = 1590
f = 6.8 MHz, C = 46 pF
8.3.7 External CMOS
An external CMOS clock source is also supported as a core clock source. The XTAL2/EXTCLK pin on the device serves as the external
clock input when running in this mode. When not selected as the SYSCLK source, the EXTCLK input is always re-synchronized to
SYSCLK. XTAL1 is not used in external CMOS clock mode.
Note: When selecting the EXTCLK pin as a clock input source, the pin should be skipped in the crossbar and configured as a digital
input. Firmware should ensure that the external clock source is present or enable the missing clock detector before switching the
CLKSL field.
The external oscillator valid detector will always return zero when the external oscillator is configured to External CMOS Clock mode.
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Clocking and Oscillators
8.4 Clocking and Oscillator Control Registers
8.4.1 CLKSEL: Clock Select
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Name
CLKRDY
CLKDIV
Reserved
CLKSL
Access
R
RW
R
RW
Reset
0
0x3
0
0x4
0
SFR Page = ALL; SFR Address: 0xA9
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
CLKRDY
0
R
System Clock Divider Clock Ready Flag.
Value
Name
Description
0
NOT_SET
The selected clock divide setting has not been applied to the system clock.
1
SET
The selected clock divide setting has been applied to the system clock.
CLKDIV
0x3
6:4
RW
Clock Source Divider.
This field controls the divider applied to the clock source selected by CLKSL. The output of this divider is the system clock
(SYSCLK).
Value
Name
Description
0x0
SYSCLK_DIV_1
SYSCLK is equal to selected clock source divided by 1.
0x1
SYSCLK_DIV_2
SYSCLK is equal to selected clock source divided by 2.
0x2
SYSCLK_DIV_4
SYSCLK is equal to selected clock source divided by 4.
0x3
SYSCLK_DIV_8
SYSCLK is equal to selected clock source divided by 8.
0x4
SYSCLK_DIV_16
SYSCLK is equal to selected clock source divided by 16.
0x5
SYSCLK_DIV_32
SYSCLK is equal to selected clock source divided by 32.
0x6
SYSCLK_DIV_64
SYSCLK is equal to selected clock source divided by 64.
0x7
SYSCLK_DIV_128
SYSCLK is equal to selected clock source divided by 128.
3
Reserved
Must write reset value.
2:0
CLKSL
0x4
RW
Clock Source Select.
Selects the oscillator to be used as the undivided system clock source.
Value
Name
Description
0x0
HFOSC
Clock derived from the internal precision High-Frequency Oscillator.
0x1
EXTOSC
Clock derived from the External Oscillator circuit.
0x3
RTC
Clock derived from the RTC.
0x4
LPOSC
Clock derived from the Internal Low Power Oscillator.
There are no restrictions when switching between clock sources or divider values for this family.
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Clocking and Oscillators
8.4.2 HFO0CAL: High Frequency Oscillator Calibration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Name
SSE
HFO0CAL
Access
RW
RW
0
Varies
Reset
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xB3
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
SSE
0
RW
Spread Spectrum Enable.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Spread Spectrum clock dithering disabled.
1
ENABLED
Spread Spectrum clock dithering enabled.
HFO0CAL
Varies
6:0
RW
Oscillator Calibration.
These bits determine the internal oscillator period. When set to 00000000b, the oscillator operates at its fastest setting.
When set to 11111111b, the oscillator operates at its slowest setting. The reset value is factory calibrated to generate an
internal oscillator frequency of 24.5 MHz.
8.4.3 HFO0CN: High Frequency Oscillator Control
Bit
7
6
Name
IOSCEN
IFRDY
Reserved
Access
RW
R
RW
0
0
0x0F
Reset
5
4
3
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xB2
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
IOSCEN
0
RW
High Frequency Oscillator Enable.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
High Frequency Oscillator disabled.
1
ENABLED
High Frequency Oscillator enabled.
IFRDY
0
Value
Name
Description
0
NOT_SET
High Frequency Oscillator is not running at its programmed frequency.
1
SET
High Frequency Oscillator is running at its programmed frequency.
Reserved
Must write reset value.
6
5:0
R
Internal Oscillator Frequency Ready Flag.
Read-modify-write operations such as ORL and ANL must be used to set or clear the enable bit of this register to avoid modifing the
reserved field.
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Clocking and Oscillators
8.4.4 XOSC0CN: External Oscillator Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Name
XCLKVLD
XOSCMD
Reserved
XFCN
Access
R
RW
RW
RW
Reset
0
0x0
0
0x0
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xB1
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
XCLKVLD
0
R
External Oscillator Valid Flag.
Provides External Oscillator status and is valid at all times for all modes of operation except External CMOS Clock Mode
and External CMOS Clock Mode with divide by 2. In these modes, XCLKVLD always returns 0.
Value
Name
Description
0
NOT_SET
External Oscillator is unused or not yet stable.
1
SET
External Oscillator is running and stable.
XOSCMD
0x0
Value
Name
Description
0x0
DISABLED
External Oscillator circuit disabled.
0x2
CMOS
External CMOS Clock Mode.
0x3
CMOS_DIV_2
External CMOS Clock Mode with divide by 2 stage.
0x4
RC
RC Oscillator Mode.
0x5
C
Capacitor Oscillator Mode.
0x6
CRYSTAL
Crystal Oscillator Mode.
0x7
CRYSTAL_DIV_2
Crystal Oscillator Mode with divide by 2 stage.
3
Reserved
Must write reset value.
2:0
XFCN
0x0
6:4
RW
RW
External Oscillator Mode.
External Oscillator Frequency Control.
Controls the external oscillator bias current. The value selected for this field depends on the frequency range of the external
oscillator.
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Real Time Clock (RTC0)
9. Real Time Clock (RTC0)
9.1 Introduction
The RTC is an ultra low power, 36 hour 32-bit independent time-keeping Real Time Clock with alarm. The RTC has a dedicated 32 kHz
oscillator. No external resistor or loading capacitors are required, and a missing clock detector features alerts the system if the external
crystal fails. The on-chip loading capacitors are programmable to 16 discrete levels allowing compatibility with a wide range of crystals.
RTC0
Low
Frequency
Oscillator
XTAL3
XTAL4
Programmable
Loading
Capacitors
LFOSC0
RTCOUT
RTC Oscillator
State Machine
32-bit Timer
Alarm Wakeup / Interrupt
Oscillator Failure Wakeup / Interrupt
ALRM
OSCFAIL
Figure 9.1. RTC Block Diagram
9.2 Features
The RTC module includes the following features:
• Up to 36 hours (32-bit) of independent time keeping.
• Support for external 32 kHz crystal or internal self-oscillate mode.
• Internal crystal loading capacitors with 16 levels.
• Operation in the lowest power mode and across the full supported voltage range.
• Alarm and oscillator failure events to wake from the lowest power mode or reset the device.
9.3 Functional Description
9.3.1 Interface
The RTC Interface consists of three registers: RTC0KEY, RTC0ADR, and RTC0DAT. These interface registers are located on the SFR
map and provide access to the RTC internal registers. The RTC internal registers can only be accessed indirectly through the RTC
interface.
The RTC interface is protected with a lock and key function. The RTC lock and key register (RTC0KEY) must be written with the correct
key codes, in sequence, before firmware and read and write the RTC0ADR and RTC0DAT registers. The key codes are: 0xA5, 0xF1.
There are no timing restrictions, but the key codes must be written in order. If the key codes are written out of order, the wrong codes
are written, or an indirect register read or write is attempted while the interface is locked, the RTC interface will be disabled, and the
RTC0ADR and RTC0DAT registers will become inaccessible until the next system reset. Once the RTC interface is unlocked, software
may perform any number of accesses to the RTC registers until the interface is re-locked or the device is reset. Any write to RTC0KEY
while the RTC interface is unlocked will re-lock the interface. Reading the RTC0KEY register at any time will provide the RTC Interface
status and will not interfere with the sequence that is being written.
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Real Time Clock (RTC0)
Accessing Internal RTC Registers
The RTC internal registers can be read and written using RTC0ADR and RTC0DAT. The RTC0ADR register selects the RTC internal
register that will be targeted by subsequent reads or writes. Recommended instruction timing is provided in this section. If the recommended instruction timing is not followed, then firmware should check the BUSY bit prior to each read or write operation to make sure
the RTC interface is not busy performing the previous read or write operation. An RTC write operation is initiated by writing to the
RTC0DAT register:
1. Poll BUSY until it returns 0 or follow the recommended instruction timing.
2. Write the desired register address to RTC0ADR.
3. Write the desired value to RTC0DAT. This will transfer the data to the selected internal register.
An RTC read operation is initiated by setting the BUSY bit, which transfers the contents of the internal register selected by RTC0ADR to
RTC0DAT. The transferred data will remain in RTC0DAT until the next read or write operation. To read an RTC register:
1. Poll BUSY until it returns 0 or follow the recommended instruction timing.
2. Write the desired register address to RTC0ADR.
3. Write 1 to BUSY. This initiates the transfer of data from the selected register to RTC0DAT.
4. Poll BUSY until it returns 0 or follow the recommend instruction timing.
5. Read the data from RTC0DAT.
Note: The RTC0ADR and RTC0DAT registers will retain their state upon a device reset.
Short Strobe Feature
Reads and writes to indirect RTC registers normally take 7 system clock cycles. To minimize the indirect register access time, the short
strobe feature decreases the read and write access time to 6 system clocks. The short strobe feature is automatically enabled on reset
and can be manually enabled/disabled using the SHORT control bit in the RTC0ADR register. The recommended instruction timing for
a single register read with short strobe enabled is as follows:
mov RTC0ADR, #095h
nop
nop
nop
mov A, RTC0DAT
The recommended instruction timing for a single register write with short strobe enabled is as follows:
mov RTC0ADR, #015h
mov RTC0DAT, #000h
nop
Autoread Feature
When autoread is enabled, each read from RTC0DAT initiates the next indirect read operation on the RTC internal register selected by
RTC0ADR. Firmware should set the BUSY bit once at the beginning of each series of consecutive reads. Firmware should follow recommended instruction timing or check if the RTC interface is busy prior to reading RTC0DAT. Autoread is enabled by setting AUTORD
to 1 in the RTC0ADR register.
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Real Time Clock (RTC0)
Autoincrement Feature
For ease of reading and writing the 32-bit CAPTURE and ALARM values, RTC0ADR automatically increments after each read or write
to a CAPTUREn or ALARMn register. This speeds up the process of setting an alarm or reading the current RTC timer value. Autoincrement is always enabled. The recommended instruction timing for a multi-byte register read with short strobe and auto read enabled
is as follows:
mov
nop
nop
nop
mov
nop
nop
mov
nop
nop
mov
nop
nop
mov
RTC0ADR, #0d0h
A, RTC0DAT
A, RTC0DAT
A, RTC0DAT
A, RTC0DAT
The recommended instruction timing for a multi-byte register write with short strobe enabled is as follows:
mov
mov
nop
mov
nop
mov
nop
mov
nop
RTC0ADR, #010h
RTC0DAT, #05h
RTC0DAT, #06h
RTC0DAT, #07h
RTC0DAT, #08h
9.3.2 Clocking Options
Using an External Crystal or CMOS Clock
When using crystal mode, a 32.768 kHz crystal should be connected between XTAL3 and XTAL4. No other external components are
required. The following steps show how to start the RTC crystal oscillator in software:
1. If XTAL3 and XTAL4 are shared with standard GPIO functionality, set these pins to analog mode. If they XTAL3 and XTAL4 are
dedicated pins, skip this step.
2. Set RTC to crystal mode (XMODE = 1).
3. Disable automatic gain control (AGCEN) and enable bias doubling (BIASX2) for fast crystal startup.
4. Set the desired loading capacitance (RTC0XCF).
5. Enable power to the RTC oscillator circuit (RTC0EN = 1).
6. Wait 20 ms.
7. Poll the RTC clock valid flag (CLKVLD) until the crystal oscillator stabilizes.
8. Poll the RTC load capacitance ready flag (LOADRDY) until the load capacitance reaches its programmed value.
9. Enable automatic gain control (AGCEN) and disable bias doubling (BIASX2) for maximum power savings.
10. Enable the RTC missing clock detector.
11. Wait 2 ms.
12. Clear the PMU0CF wake-up source flags.
While configured for crystal mode, the RTC oscillator may be driven by an external CMOS clock. The CMOS clock should be applied to
XTAL3, while XTAL4 should be left floating. The RTC oscillator should be configured to its lowest bias setting with AGC disabled. The
CLKVLD bit is indeterminate when using a CMOS clock, but the OSCFAIL flag may be checked 2 ms after the RTC oscillator is powered on to ensure that there is a valid clock on XTAL3.
For devices with a dedicated XTAL3 pin, the input low voltage (VIL) and input high voltage (VIH) for XTAL3 when used with an external
CMOS clock are 0.1 and 0.8 V, respectively.
For devices where XTAL3 is shared with standard GPIO functionality, bias levels closer to VDD will result in lower I/O power consumption because the XTAL3 pin has a built-in weak pull-up. In this mode, the external CMOS clock is ac coupled into the RTC and should
have a minimum voltage swing of 400 mV. The CMOS clock signal voltage should not exceed VDD or drop below GND.
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Real Time Clock (RTC0)
Using Self-Oscillate Mode
When using self-oscillate mode, the XTAL3 and XTAL4 pins should be shorted together. The RTC0PIN register can be used to internally short XTAL3 and XTAL4. To configure the RTC for self-oscillate mode:
1. Write 0xE7 to RTC0PIN to short XTAL3 and XTAL4 together internally.
2. Set RTC to Self-Oscillate Mode (XMODE = 0).
3. Set the desired oscillation frequency:
• For oscillation at about 20 kHz, set BIASX2 = 0.
• For oscillation at about 40 kHz, set BIASX2 = 1.
4. The oscillator starts oscillating instantaneously.
5. Fine tune the oscillation frequency by adjusting the load capacitance (RTC0XCF).
Programmable Load Capacitance
The programmable load capacitance has 16 values to support crystal oscillators with a wide range of recommended load capacitance.
If automatic load capacitance stepping is enabled, the crystal load capacitors start at the smallest setting to allow a fast startup time,
then slowly increase the capacitance until the final programmed value is reached. The final programmed loading capacitor value is
specified using the LOADCAP field in the RTC0XCF register. The LOADCAP setting specifies the amount of on-chip load capacitance
and does not include any stray PCB capacitance. Once the final programmed loading capacitor value is reached, hardware will set the
LOADRDY flag to 1.
When using the RTC oscillator in self-oscillate mode, the programmable load capacitance can be used to fine tune the oscillation frequency. In most cases, increasing the load capacitor value will result in a decrease in oscillation frequency.
Table 9.1. RTC Load Capacitance Settings
LOADCAP Field
Crystal Load Capacitance
Equivalent Capacitance seen on XTAL3 and
XTAL4
0000
4.0 pF
8.0 pF
0001
4.5 pF
9.0 pF
0010
5.0 pF
10.0 pF
0011
5.5 pF
11.0 pF
0100
6.0 pF
12.0 pF
0101
6.5 pF
13.0 pF
0110
7.0 pF
14.0 pF
0111
7.5 pF
15.0 pF
1000
8.0 pF
16.0 pF
1001
8.5 pF
17.0 pF
1010
9.0 pF
18.0 pF
1011
9.5 pF
19.0 pF
1100
10.5 pF
21.0 pF
1101
11.5 pF
23.0 pF
1110
12.5 pF
25.0 pF
1111
13.5 pF
27.0 pF
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Real Time Clock (RTC0)
Automatic Gain Control (Crystal Mode Only) and Bias Doubling
Automatic gain control (AGC) allows the RTC oscillator to trim the oscillation amplitude of a crystal in order to achieve the lowest possible power consumption. Automatic gain control automatically detects when the oscillation amplitude has reached a point where it safe
to reduce the drive current, so it may be enabled during crystal startup. It is recommended to enable AGC in most systems which use
the RTC oscillator in crystal mode. The following are recommended crystal specifications and operating conditions when AGC is enabled:
• ESR < 50 kΩ
• Load Capacitance < 10 pF
• Supply Voltage < 3.0 V
• Temperature > –20 °C
When using AGC, it is recommended to perform an oscillation robustness test to ensure that the chosen crystal will oscillate under the
worst case condition to which the system will be exposed. The worst case condition that should result in the least robust oscillation is at
the following system conditions: lowest temperature, highest supply voltage, highest ESR, highest load capacitance, and lowest bias
current (AGC enabled, bias doubling disabled).
To perform the oscillation robustness test, the RTC oscillator should be enabled and selected as the system clock source. Next, the
SYSCLK signal should be routed to a port pin configured as a push-pull digital output. The positive duty cycle of the output clock can be
used as an indicator of oscillation robustness. Duty cycles less than 55% indicate a robust oscillation. As the duty cycle approaches
60%, oscillation becomes less reliable and the risk of clock failure increases. Increasing the bias current (by disabling AGC) will always
improve oscillation robustness and will reduce the output clock’s duty cycle. This test should be performed at the worst case system
conditions, as results at very low temperatures or high supply voltage will vary from results taken at room temperature or low supply
voltage.
Low Risk of
Clock Failure
Safe Operating Zone
25%
55%
High Risk of Clock
Failure
60%
Duty Cycle
Figure 9.2. Interpreting Oscillation Robustness (Duty Cycle) Test Results
As an alternative to performing the oscillation robustness test, AGC may be disabled at the cost of increased power consumption (approximately 200 nA). Disabling AGC will provide the crystal oscillator with higher immunity against external factors which may lead to
clock failure. AGC must be disabled if using the RTC oscillator in self-oscillate mode. The RTC bias doubling feature allows the selfoscillation frequency to be increased (almost doubled) and allows a higher crystal drive strength in crystal mode. High crystal drive
strength is recommended when the crystal is exposed to poor environmental conditions such as excessive moisture. RTC bias doubling
is enabled by setting BIASX2 to 1.
Table 9.2. RTC Load Capacitance Settings
Mode
Setting
Power Consumption
Crystal
Bias double off, AGC on
Lowest
600 nA
Bias double off, AGC off
Low
800 nA
Self-Oscillate
Bias double on, AGC on
High
Bias double on, AGC off
Highest
Bias double off
Low
Bias double on
High
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Real Time Clock (RTC0)
Missing Clock Detector
The missing RTC detector is a one-shot circuit enabled by setting MCLKEN to 1. When the RTC missing clock detector is enabled,
OSCFAIL is set by hardware if the RTC oscillator remains high or low for more than 100 μs. An RTC missing clock detector timeout can
trigger an interrupt, wake the device from a low power mode, or reset the device.
Note: The RTC missing clock detector should be disabled when making changes to the oscillator settings in RTC0XCN0.
Oscillator Crystal Valid Detector
The RTC oscillator crystal valid detector is an oscillation amplitude detector circuit used during crystal startup to determine when oscillation has started and is nearly stable. The output of this detector can be read from the CLKVLD bit.
Note: The CLKVLD bit has a blanking interval of 2 ms. During the first 2 ms after turning on the crystal oscillator, the output of CLKVLD
is not valid.
Note: This RTC crystal valid detector (CLKVLD) is not intended for detecting an oscillator failure. The missing RTC detector (OSCFAIL)
should be used for this purpose.
9.3.3 Timer and Alarm
The RTC timer is a 32-bit counter that, when running (RTC0TR = 1), is incremented every RTC oscillator cycle. The timer has an alarm
function that can be set to generate an interrupt, wake the device from a low power mode, or reset the device at a specific time.
The RTC timer includes an auto reset feature, which automatically resets the timer to zero one RTC cycle after the alarm signal is deasserted. When using auto reset, the Alarm match value should always be set to 1 count less than the desired match value. Auto reset
can be enabled by writing a 1 to ALRM.
Setting and Reading the RTC Timer
The 32-bit RTC timer can be set or read using the CAPTUREn internal registers. Note that the timer does not need to be stopped before reading or setting its value. The following steps can be used to set the timer value:
1. Write the desired 32-bit set value to the CAPTUREn registers.
2. Write 1 to RTC0SET. This will transfer the contents of the CAPTUREn registers to the RTC timer.
3. The operation is complete when RTC0SET is cleared to 0 by hardware.
To read the current timer value:
1. Write 1 to RTC0CAP. This will transfer the contents of the timer to the CAPTUREn registers.
2. Poll RTC0CAP until it is cleared to 0 by hardware.
3. A snapshot of the timer value can be read from the CAPTUREn registers
Setting an RTC Alarm
The RTC alarm function compares the 32-bit value of the RTC timer to the value of the ALARMn registers. An alarm event is triggered if
the RTC timer is equal to the ALARMn registers. If auto reset is enabled, the 32-bit timer will be cleared to zero one RTC cycle after the
alarm event. The RTC alarm event can be configured to reset the MCU, wake it up from a low power mode, or generate an interrupt. To
set up an RTC alarm:
1. Disable RTC Alarm Events (RTC0AEN = 0).
2. Set the ALARMn registers to the desired value.
3. Enable RTC Alarm Events (RTC0AEN = 1).
Note: The ALRM bit, which is used as the RTC Alarm event flag, is cleared by disabling RTC Alarm events (RTC0AEN = 0).
Note: If auto reset is disabled, disabling (RTC0AEN = 0) then re-enabling alarm events (RTC0AEN = 1) after an RTC Alarm without
modifying ALARMn registers will automatically schedule the next alarm after 232 RTC cycles (approximately 36 hours using a 32.768
kHz crystal).
Note: The RTC Alarm event flag will remain asserted for a maximum of one RTC cycle. When using the RTC in conjunction with low
power modes, the PMU must be used to determine the cause of the last wake event.
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Real Time Clock (RTC0)
Software Considerations
The RTC timer and alarm have two operating modes to suit varying applications:
Mode 1
The first mode uses the RTC timer as a perpetual timebase which is never reset to zero. Every 36 hours, the timer is allowed to overflow without being stopped or disrupted. The alarm interval is software managed and is added to the ALRMn registers by software after
each alarm. This allows the alarm match value to always stay ahead of the timer by one software managed interval. If software uses
32-bit unsigned addition to increment the alarm match value, then it does not need to handle overflows since both the timer and the
alarm match value will overflow in the same manner. This mode is ideal for applications which have a long alarm interval (e.g., 24 or 36
hours) and/or have a need for a perpetual timebase. An example of an application that needs a perpetual timebase is one whose wakeup interval is constantly changing. For these applications, software can keep track of the number of timer overflows in a 16-bit variable,
extending the 32-bit (36 hour) timer to a 48-bit (272 year) perpetual timebase.
Mode 2
The second mode uses the RTC timer as a general purpose up counter which is auto reset to zero by hardware after each alarm. The
alarm interval is managed by hardware and stored in the ALRMn registers. Software only needs to set the alarm interval once during
device initialization. After each alarm, software should keep a count of the number of alarms that have occurred in order to keep track of
time. This mode is ideal for applications that require minimal software intervention and/or have a fixed alarm interval. This mode is the
most power efficient since it requires less CPU time per alarm.
9.4 Clocking and Oscillator Control Registers
9.4.1 RTC0KEY: RTC Lock and Key
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
RTC0ST
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xAE
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
RTC0ST
0x00
RW
RTC Interface Lock/Key and Status.
Writing to this field locks or unlocks the RTC0 Interface. Reading this field provides the current RTC0 Interface lock status.
0x00: RTC Interface is locked. Writing 0xA5 followed by 0xF1 unlocks the RTC interface.
0x01: RTC Interface is locked, but 0xA5 has already been written. Writing any value other than the second key code (0xF1)
will change this field to 3 and disable the RTC interface until the next system reset.
0x02: RTC Interface is unlocked. Any write to the RTC0KEY register will lock the RTC Interface.
0x03: RTC Interface is disabled until the next system reset. Any writes to RTC0KEY have no effect.
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Real Time Clock (RTC0)
9.4.2 RTC0ADR: RTC Address
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
BUSY
AUTORD
Reserved
SHORT
ADDR
Access
RW
RW
R
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0x0
Reset
3
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xAC
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
BUSY
0
RW
RTC Interface Busy Indicator.
This bit indicates the RTC interface status. Writing a 1 to this bit initiates an indirect read.
6
AUTORD
0
RW
RTC Interface Autoread Enable.
When autoread is enabled, firmware should set the BUSY bit once at the beginning of each series of consecutive reads.
Firmware must check if the RTC Interface is busy prior to reading RTC0DAT.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable autoread. Firmware must write the BUSY bit for each RTC indirect read
operation.
1
ENABLED
Enable autoread. The next RTC indirect read operation is initiated when firmware
reads the RTC0DAT register.
5
Reserved
Must write reset value.
4
SHORT
0
RW
Short Strobe Enable.
Enables/disables the Short Strobe feature.
3:0
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable short strobe.
1
ENABLED
Enable short strobe.
ADDR
0x0
RW
RTC Indirect Register Address.
Sets the currently-selected RTC internal register.
The ADDR bits increment after each indirect read/write operation that targets a CAPTUREn or ALARMn internal RTC register.
9.4.3 RTC0DAT: RTC Data
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
RTC0DAT
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xAD
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
RTC0DAT
0x00
RW
RTC Data.
Holds data transferred to/from the internal RTC register selected by RTC0ADR.
Read-modify-write instructions (orl, anl, etc.) should not be used on this register.
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Real Time Clock (RTC0)
9.4.4 RTC0CN0: RTC Control 0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
RTC0EN
MCLKEN
OSCFAIL
RTC0TR
RTC0AEN
ALRM
RTC0SET
RTC0CAP
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
Varies
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
Indirect Address: 0x04
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
RTC0EN
0
RW
RTC Enable.
Enables/disables the RTC oscillator and associated bias currents.
6
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable RTC oscillator.
1
ENABLED
Enable RTC oscillator.
MCLKEN
0
RW
Missing RTC Detector Enable.
Enables/disables the missing RTC detector.
5
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable missing RTC detector.
1
ENABLED
Enable missing RTC detector.
OSCFAIL
Varies
RW
RTC Oscillator Fail Event Flag.
Set by hardware when a missing RTC detector timeout occurs. Must be cleared by firmware. The value of this bit is not
defined when the RTC oscillator is disabled.
4
RTC0TR
0
RW
RTC Timer Run Control.
Controls if the RTC timer is running or stopped (holds current value).
3
Value
Name
Description
0
STOP
RTC timer is stopped.
1
RUN
RTC timer is running.
RTC0AEN
0
RW
RTC Alarm Enable.
Enables/disables the RTC alarm function. Also clears the ALRM flag.
2
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable RTC alarm.
1
ENABLED
Enable RTC alarm.
ALRM
0
RW
RTC Alarm Event Flag and Auto Reset Enable.
Reads return the state of the alarm event flag.
Writes enable/disable the Auto Reset function.
Value
Name
Description
0
NOT_SET
Alarm event flag is not set or disable the auto reset function.
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Real Time Clock (RTC0)
Bit
1
Name
Reset
1
SET
RTC0SET
0
Access
Description
Alarm event flag is set or enable the auto reset function.
RW
RTC Timer Set.
Writing 1 initiates a RTC timer set operation. This bit is cleared to 0 by hardware to indicate that the timer set operation is
complete.
0
RTC0CAP
0
RW
RTC Timer Capture.
Writing 1 initiates a RTC timer capture operation. This bit is cleared to 0 by hardware to indicate that the timer capture operation is complete.
The ALRM flag will remain asserted for a maximum of one RTC cycle.
This register is accessed indirectly using the RTC0ADR and RTC0DAT registers.
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Real Time Clock (RTC0)
9.4.5 RTC0XCN0: RTC Oscillator Control 0
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
AGCEN
XMODE
BIASX2
CLKVLD
Reserved
Access
RW
RW
RW
R
R
0
0
0
0
0x0
Reset
3
2
1
0
Indirect Address: 0x05
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
AGCEN
0
RW
RTC Oscillator Automatic Gain Control (AGC) Enable.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable AGC.
1
ENABLED
Enable AGC.
XMODE
0
6
RW
RTC Oscillator Mode.
Selects Crystal or Self Oscillate Mode.
5
Value
Name
Description
0
SELF_OSCILLATE
Self-Oscillate Mode selected.
1
CRYSTAL
Crystal Mode selected.
BIASX2
0
RW
RTC Oscillator Bias Double Enable.
Enables/disables the Bias Double feature.
4
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable the Bias Double feature.
1
ENABLED
Enable the Bias Double feature.
CLKVLD
0
R
RTC Oscillator Crystal Valid Indicator.
Indicates if oscillation amplitude is sufficient for maintaining oscillation.
3:0
Value
Name
Description
0
NOT_SET
Oscillation has not started or oscillation amplitude is too low to maintain oscillation.
1
SET
Sufficient oscillation amplitude detected.
Reserved
Must write reset value.
This register is accessed indirectly using the RTC0ADR and RTC0DAT registers.
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Real Time Clock (RTC0)
9.4.6 RTC0XCF: RTC Oscillator Configuration
Bit
7
6
Name
AUTOSTP
LOADRDY
Reserved
LOADCAP
Access
RW
R
R
RW
0
0
0x0
Varies
Reset
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
0
Indirect Address: 0x06
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
AUTOSTP
0
RW
Automatic Load Capacitance Stepping Enable.
Enables/disables automatic load capacitance stepping.
6
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable load capacitance stepping.
1
ENABLED
Enable load capacitance stepping.
LOADRDY 0
R
Load Capacitance Ready Indicator.
Set by hardware when the load capacitance matches the programmed value.
Value
Name
Description
0
NOT_SET
Load capacitance is currently stepping.
1
SET
Load capacitance has reached it programmed value.
5:4
Reserved
Must write reset value.
3:0
LOADCAP Varies
RW
Load Capacitance Programmed Value.
Holds the desired load capacitance value.
This register is accessed indirectly using the RTC0ADR and RTC0DAT registers.
9.4.7 CAPTURE0: RTC Timer Capture 0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
CAPTURE0
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
Indirect Address: 0x00
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
CAPTURE0
0x00
RW
RTC Timer Capture 0.
The CAPTURE3-CAPTURE0 registers are used to read or set the 32-bit RTC timer. Data is transferred to or from the RTC
timer when the RTC0SET or RTC0CAP bits are set.
This register is accessed indirectly using the RTC0ADR and RTC0DAT registers.
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Real Time Clock (RTC0)
9.4.8 CAPTURE1: RTC Timer Capture 1
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
CAPTURE1
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
Indirect Address: 0x01
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
CAPTURE1
0x00
RW
RTC Timer Capture 1.
The CAPTURE3-CAPTURE0 registers are used to read or set the 32-bit RTC timer. Data is transferred to or from the RTC
timer when the RTC0SET or RTC0CAP bits are set.
This register is accessed indirectly using the RTC0ADR and RTC0DAT registers.
9.4.9 CAPTURE2: RTC Timer Capture 2
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
CAPTURE2
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
Indirect Address: 0x02
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
CAPTURE2
0x00
RW
RTC Timer Capture 2.
The CAPTURE3-CAPTURE0 registers are used to read or set the 32-bit RTC timer. Data is transferred to or from the RTC
timer when the RTC0SET or RTC0CAP bits are set.
This register is accessed indirectly using the RTC0ADR and RTC0DAT registers.
9.4.10 CAPTURE3: RTC Timer Capture 3
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
CAPTURE3
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
Indirect Address: 0x03
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
CAPTURE3
0x00
RW
RTC Timer Capture 3.
The CAPTURE3-CAPTURE0 registers are used to read or set the 32-bit RTC timer. Data is transferred to or from the RTC
timer when the RTC0SET or RTC0CAP bits are set.
This register is accessed indirectly using the RTC0ADR and RTC0DAT registers.
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Real Time Clock (RTC0)
9.4.11 ALARM0: RTC Alarm Programmed Value 0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
ALARM0
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
Indirect Address: 0x08
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
ALARM0
0x00
RW
RTC Alarm Programmed Value 0.
The ALARM3-ALARM0 registers are used to set an alarm event for the RTC timer. The RTC alarm should be disabled
(RTC0AEN=0) when updating these registers.
This register is accessed indirectly using the RTC0ADR and RTC0DAT registers.
9.4.12 ALARM1: RTC Alarm Programmed Value 1
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
ALARM1
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
Indirect Address: 0x09
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
ALARM1
0x00
RW
RTC Alarm Programmed Value 1.
The ALARM3-ALARM0 registers are used to set an alarm event for the RTC timer. The RTC alarm should be disabled
(RTC0AEN=0) when updating these registers.
This register is accessed indirectly using the RTC0ADR and RTC0DAT registers.
9.4.13 ALARM2: RTC Alarm Programmed Value 2
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
ALARM2
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
Indirect Address: 0x0A
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
ALARM2
0x00
RW
RTC Alarm Programmed Value 2.
The ALARM3-ALARM0 registers are used to set an alarm event for the RTC timer. The RTC alarm should be disabled
(RTC0AEN=0) when updating these registers.
This register is accessed indirectly using the RTC0ADR and RTC0DAT registers.
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Real Time Clock (RTC0)
9.4.14 ALARM3: RTC Alarm Programmed Value 3
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
ALARM3
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
Indirect Address: 0x0B
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
ALARM3
0x00
RW
RTC Alarm Programmed Value 3.
The ALARM3-ALARM0 registers are used to set an alarm event for the RTC timer. The RTC alarm should be disabled
(RTC0AEN=0) when updating these registers.
This register is accessed indirectly using the RTC0ADR and RTC0DAT registers.
9.4.15 RTC0PIN: RTC Pin Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
RTCPIN
Access
W
Reset
2
1
0
0x67
Indirect Address: 0x07
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
RTCPIN
0x67
W
RTC Pin Configuration.
Writing 0xE7 to this field forces XTAL3 and XTAL4 to be internally shorted for use with self-oscillate mode. Writing 0x67
returns XTAL3 and XTAL4 to their normal configuration.
This register is accessed indirectly using the RTC0ADR and RTC0DAT registers.
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Reset Sources and Power Supply Monitor
10. Reset Sources and Power Supply Monitor
10.1 Introduction
Reset circuitry allows the controller to be easily placed in a predefined default condition. On entry to this reset state, the following occur:
• The core halts program execution.
• Module registers are initialized to their defined reset values unless the bits reset only with a power-on reset.
• External port pins are forced to a known state.
• Interrupts and timers are disabled.
All registers are reset to the predefined values noted in the register descriptions unless the bits only reset with a power-on reset. The
contents of RAM are unaffected during a reset; any previously stored data is preserved as long as power is not lost. The Port I/O latches are reset to 1 in open-drain mode. Weak pullups are enabled during and after the reset. For Supply Monitor and power-on resets,
the RSTb pin is driven low until the device exits the reset state. On exit from the reset state, the program counter (PC) is reset, and the
system clock defaults to an internal oscillator. The Watchdog Timer is enabled, and program execution begins at location 0x0000.
Reset Sources
RSTb
Supply Monitor or
Power-up
Missing Clock Detector
Watchdog Timer
Software Reset
system reset
Comparator 0
Flash Error
RTC Reset
Figure 10.1. Reset Sources Block Diagram
10.2 Features
Reset sources on the device include the following:
• Power-on reset
• External reset pin
• Comparator reset
• Software-triggered reset
• Supply monitor reset (monitors VDD supply)
• Watchdog timer reset
• Missing clock detector reset
• Flash error reset
• RTC0 alarm or oscillator failure
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Reset Sources and Power Supply Monitor
10.3 Functional Description
10.3.1 Device Reset
Upon entering a reset state from any source, the following events occur:
• The processor core halts program execution.
• Special Function Registers (SFRs) are initialized to their defined reset values.
• External port pins are placed in a known state.
• Interrupts and timers are disabled.
SFRs are reset to the predefined reset values noted in the detailed register descriptions. The contents of internal data memory are
unaffected during a reset; any previously stored data is preserved. However, since the stack pointer SFR is reset, the stack is effectively lost, even though the data on the stack is not altered.
The port I/O latches are reset to 0xFF (all logic ones) in open-drain mode. Weak pullups are enabled during and after the reset. For
Supply Monitor and power-on resets, the RSTb pin is driven low until the device exits the reset state.
Note: During a power-on event, there may be a short delay before the POR circuitry fires and the RSTb pin is driven low. During that
time, the RSTb pin will be weakly pulled to the supply pin.
On exit from the reset state, the program counter (PC) is reset, the watchdog timer is enabled, and the system clock defaults to an
internal oscillator. Program execution begins at location 0x0000.
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10.3.2 Power-On Reset
During power-up, the POR circuit fires. When POR fires, the device is held in a reset state and the RSTb pin is high-impedance with the
weak pull-up either on or off until the supply voltage settles above VRST. Two delays are present during the supply ramp time. First, a
delay occurs before the POR circuitry fires and pulls the RSTb pin low. A second delay occurs before the device is released from reset;
the delay decreases as the supply ramp time increases (supply ramp time is defined as how fast the supply pin ramps from 0 V to
VRST). For ramp times less than 1 ms, the power-on reset time (TPOR) is typically less than 0.3 ms. Additionally, the power supply must
reach VRST before the POR circuit releases the device from reset.
Su
pp
ly
Vo
l
ta
ge
volts
On exit from a power-on reset, the PORSF flag is set by hardware to logic 1. When PORSF is set, all of the other reset flags in the
RSTSRC register are indeterminate. (PORSF is cleared by all other resets.) Since all resets cause program execution to begin at the
same location (0x0000), software can read the PORSF flag to determine if a power-up was the cause of reset. The content of internal
data memory should be assumed to be undefined after a power-on reset. The supply monitor is enabled following a power-on reset.
t
TPOR
Logic HIGH
RSTb
Logic LOW
Power-On Reset
Figure 10.2. Power-On Reset Timing
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Reset Sources and Power Supply Monitor
10.3.3 Supply Monitor Reset
volts
The supply monitor senses the voltage on the device's supply pin and can generate a reset if the supply drops below the corresponding
threshold. This monitor is enabled and enabled as a reset source after initial power-on to protect the device until the supply is an adequate and stable voltage. When enabled and selected as a reset source, any power down transition or power irregularity that causes
the supply to drop below the reset threshold will drive the RSTb pin low and hold the core in a reset state. When the supply returns to a
level above the reset threshold, the monitor will release the core from the reset state. The reset status can then be read using the
device reset sources module. After a power-fail reset, the PORF flag reads 1 and all of the other reset flags in the RSTSRC register are
indeterminate. The power-on reset delay (tPOR) is not incurred after a supply monitor reset. The contents of RAM should be presumed
invalid after a supply monitor reset. The enable state of the supply monitor and its selection as a reset source is not altered by device
resets. For example, if the supply monitor is de-selected as a reset source and disabled by software using the VDMEN bit in the
VDM0CN register, and then firmware performs a software reset, the supply monitor will remain disabled and de-selected after the reset.
To protect the integrity of flash contents, the supply monitor must be enabled and selected as a reset source if software contains routines that erase or write flash memory. If the supply monitor is not enabled, any erase or write performed on flash memory will be ignored.
Supply Voltage
Reset Threshold
(VRST)
t
RSTb
Supply Monitor
Reset
Figure 10.3. Reset Sources
10.3.4 External Reset
The external RSTb pin provides a means for external circuitry to force the device into a reset state. Asserting an active-low signal on
the RSTb pin generates a reset; an external pullup and/or decoupling of the RSTb pin may be necessary to avoid erroneous noiseinduced resets. The PINRSF flag is set on exit from an external reset.
10.3.5 Missing Clock Detector Reset
The Missing Clock Detector (MCD) is a one-shot circuit that is triggered by the system clock. If the system clock remains high or low for
more than the MCD time window, the one-shot will time out and generate a reset. After a MCD reset, the MCDRSF flag will read 1,
signifying the MCD as the reset source; otherwise, this bit reads 0. Writing a 1 to the MCDRSF bit enables the Missing Clock Detector;
writing a 0 disables it. The state of the RSTb pin is unaffected by this reset.
10.3.6 Comparator (CMP0) Reset
Comparator0 can be configured as a reset source by writing a 1 to the C0RSEF flag. Comparator0 should be enabled and allowed to
settle prior to writing to C0RSEF to prevent any turn-on chatter on the output from generating an unwanted reset. The Comparator0
reset is active-low: if the non-inverting input voltage (on CP0+) is less than the inverting input voltage (on CP0–), the device is put into
the reset state. After a Comparator0 reset, the C0RSEF flag will read 1 signifying Comparator0 as the reset source; otherwise, this bit
reads 0. The state of the RSTb pin is unaffected by this reset.
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Reset Sources and Power Supply Monitor
10.3.7 PCA Watchdog Timer Reset
The programmable watchdog timer (WDT) function of the programmable counter array (PCA) can be used to prevent software from
running out of control during a system malfunction. The PCA WDT function can be enabled or disabled by software as described in the
PCA documentation. The WDT is enabled and clocked by SYSCLK/12 following any reset. If a system malfunction prevents user software from updating the WDT, a reset is generated and the WDTRSF bit in RSTSRC is set to 1. The state of the RSTb pin is unaffected
by this reset.
10.3.8 Flash Error Reset
If a flash read/write/erase or program read targets an illegal address, a system reset is generated. This may occur due to any of the
following:
• A flash write or erase is attempted above user code space.
• A flash read is attempted above user code space.
• A program read is attempted above user code space (i.e., a branch instruction to the reserved area).
• A flash read, write or erase attempt is restricted due to a flash security setting.
The FERROR bit is set following a flash error reset. The state of the RSTb pin is unaffected by this reset.
10.3.9 Software Reset
Software may force a reset by writing a 1 to the SWRSF bit. The SWRSF bit will read 1 following a software forced reset. The state of
the RSTb pin is unaffected by this reset.
10.3.10 RTC Reset
The RTC can generate a system reset on two events: RTC oscillator fail or RTC alarm. The RTC oscillator fail event occurs when the
RTC missing clock detector is enabled and the RTC clock is below approximately 20 kHz. A RTC alarm event occurs when the RTC
alarm is enabled and the RTC timer value matches the ALARMn registers. The RTC can be configured as a reset source by writing a 1
to the RTC0RE flag in the RSTSRC register. The RTC reset remains functional even when the device is in the low power Suspend or
Sleep mode. The state of the RSTb pin is unaffected by this reset.
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Reset Sources and Power Supply Monitor
10.4 Reset Sources and Supply Monitor Control Registers
10.4.1 RSTSRC: Reset Source
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
RTC0RE
FERROR
C0RSEF
SWRSF
WDTRSF
MCDRSF
PORSF
PINRSF
Access
RW
R
RW
RW
R
RW
RW
R
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xEF
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
RTC0RE
Varies
RW
RTC Reset Enable and Flag.
Read: This bit reads 1 if a RTC alarm or oscillator fail caused the last reset.
Write: Writing a 1 to this bit enables the RTC as a reset source.
6
FERROR
Varies
R
Flash Error Reset Flag.
This read-only bit is set to '1' if a flash read/write/erase error caused the last reset.
5
C0RSEF
Varies
RW
Comparator0 Reset Enable and Flag.
Read: This bit reads 1 if Comparator 0 caused the last reset.
Write: Writing a 1 to this bit enables Comparator 0 (active-low) as a reset source.
4
SWRSF
Varies
RW
Software Reset Force and Flag.
Read: This bit reads 1 if last reset was caused by a write to SWRSF.
Write: Writing a 1 to this bit forces a system reset.
3
WDTRSF
Varies
R
Watchdog Timer Reset Flag.
This read-only bit is set to '1' if a watchdog timer overflow caused the last reset.
2
MCDRSF
Varies
RW
Missing Clock Detector Enable and Flag.
Read: This bit reads 1 if a missing clock detector timeout caused the last reset.
Write: Writing a 1 to this bit enables the missing clock detector. The MCD triggers a reset if a missing clock condition is
detected.
1
PORSF
Varies
RW
Power-On / Supply Monitor Reset Flag, and Supply Monitor Reset Enable.
Read: This bit reads 1 anytime a power-on or supply monitor reset has occurred.
Write: Writing a 1 to this bit enables the supply monitor as a reset source.
0
PINRSF
Varies
R
HW Pin Reset Flag.
This read-only bit is set to '1' if the RSTb pin caused the last reset.
Reads and writes of the RSTSRC register access different logic in the device. Reading the register always returns status information
to indicate the source of the most recent reset. Writing to the register activates certain options as reset sources. It is recommended to
not use any kind of read-modify-write operation on this register.
When the PORSF bit reads back '1' all other RSTSRC flags are indeterminate.
Writing '1' to the PORSF bit when the supply monitor is not enabled and stabilized may cause a system reset.
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Reset Sources and Power Supply Monitor
10.4.2 VDM0CN: VDD Supply Monitor Control
Bit
7
6
5
Name
VDMEN
VDDSTAT
VDDOK
Reserved
Access
RW
R
R
RW
1
0
0
0x00
Reset
4
3
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xFF
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
VDMEN
1
RW
V<subscript>DD</subscript> Supply Monitor Enable.
This bit turns the VDD supply monitor circuit on/off. The VDD Supply Monitor cannot generate system resets until it is also
selected as a reset source in register RSTSRC.
6
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable the VDD supply monitor.
1
ENABLED
Enable the VDD supply monitor.
VDDSTAT
0
R
V<subscript>DD</subscript> Supply Status.
This bit indicates the current power supply status.
5
Value
Name
Description
0
VDD_BELOW_VRST
VDD is at or below the VRST threshold.
1
VDD_ABOVE_VRST
VDD is above the VRST threshold.
VDDOK
0
V<subscript>DD</subscript> Supply Status (Early Warning).
R
This bit indicates the current VDD power supply status.
4:0
Value
Name
Description
0
VDD_BELOW_VDDWARN
VDD is at or below the VDDWARN threshold.
1
VDD_ABOVE_VDDWA
RN
VDD is above the VDDWARN threshold.
Reserved
Must write reset value.
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CIP-51 Microcontroller Core
11. CIP-51 Microcontroller Core
11.1 Introduction
The CIP-51 microcontroller core is a high-speed, pipelined, 8-bit core utilizing the standard MCS-51™ instruction set. Any standard
803x/805x assemblers and compilers can be used to develop software. The MCU family has a superset of all the peripherals included
with a standard 8051. The CIP-51 includes on-chip debug hardware and interfaces directly with the analog and digital subsystems providing a complete data acquisition or control system solution.
DATA BUS
D8
TMP2
B REGISTER
STACK POINTER
SRAM
ADDRESS
REGISTER
PSW
D8
D8
D8
ALU
SRAM
(256 X 8)
D8
D8
TMP1
ACCUMULATOR
D8
D8
D8
DATA BUS
DATA BUS
SFR_ADDRESS
BUFFER
D8
DATA POINTER
D8
D8
SFR
BUS
INTERFACE
SFR_CONTROL
SFR_WRITE_DATA
SFR_READ_DATA
DATA BUS
PC INCREMENTER
PROGRAM COUNTER (PC)
PRGM. ADDRESS REG.
PIPELINE
RESET
MEM_ADDRESS
D8
MEM_CONTROL
A16
MEMORY
INTERFACE
MEM_READ_DATA
D8
CONTROL
LOGIC
SYSTEM_IRQs
CLOCK
D8
STOP
IDLE
MEM_WRITE_DATA
POWER CONTROL
REGISTER
INTERRUPT
INTERFACE
EMULATION_IRQ
D8
Figure 11.1. CIP-51 Block Diagram
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CIP-51 Microcontroller Core
Performance
The CIP-51 employs a pipelined architecture that greatly increases its instruction throughput over the standard 8051 architecture. The
CIP-51 core executes 76 of its 109 instructions in one or two clock cycles, with no instructions taking more than eight clock cycles. The
table below shows the distribution of instructions vs. the number of clock cycles required for execution.
Table 11.1. Instruction Execution Timing
Clocks to
Execute
1
Number of 26
Instructions
2
2 or 3
3
3 or 4
4
4 or 5
5
8
50
5
14
7
3
1
2
1
Notes:
1. Conditional branch instructions (indicated by "2 or 3", "3 or 4" and "4 or 5") require an extra clock cycle if the branch is taken.
11.2 Features
The CIP-51 Microcontroller core implements the standard 8051 organization and peripherals as well as additional custom peripherals
and functions to extend its capability. The CIP-51 includes the following features:
• Fast, efficient, pipelined architecture.
• Fully compatible with MCS-51 instruction set.
• 0 to 25 MHz operating clock frequency.
• 25 MIPS peak throughput with 25 MHz clock.
• Extended interrupt handler.
• Power management modes.
• On-chip debug logic.
• Program and data memory security.
11.3 Functional Description
11.3.1 Programming and Debugging Support
In-system programming of the flash program memory and communication with on-chip debug support logic is accomplished via the Silicon Labs 2-Wire development interface (C2).
The on-chip debug support logic facilitates full speed in-circuit debugging, allowing the setting of hardware breakpoints, starting, stopping and single stepping through program execution (including interrupt service routines), examination of the program's call stack, and
reading/writing the contents of registers and memory. This method of on-chip debugging is completely non-intrusive, requiring no RAM,
stack, timers, or other on-chip resources.
The CIP-51 is supported by development tools from Silicon Labs and third party vendors. Silicon Labs provides an integrated development environment (IDE) including editor, debugger and programmer. The IDE's debugger and programmer interface to the CIP-51 via
the C2 interface to provide fast and efficient in-system device programming and debugging. Third party macro assemblers and C compilers are also available.
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CIP-51 Microcontroller Core
11.3.2 Instruction Set
The instruction set of the CIP-51 System Controller is fully compatible with the standard MCS-51™ instruction set. Standard 8051 development tools can be used to develop software for the CIP-51. All CIP-51 instructions are the binary and functional equivalent of their
MCS-51™ counterparts, including opcodes, addressing modes and effect on PSW flags. However, instruction timing is much faster
than that of the standard 8051.
All instruction timing on the CIP-51 controller is based directly on the core clock timing. This is in contrast to many other 8-bit architectures, where a distinction is made between machine cycles and clock cycles, with machine cycles taking multiple core clock cycles.
Due to the pipelined architecture of the CIP-51, most instructions execute in the same number of clock cycles as there are program
bytes in the instruction. Conditional branch instructions take one less clock cycle to complete when the branch is not taken as opposed
to when the branch is taken. The following table summarizes the instruction set, including the mnemonic, number of bytes, and number
of clock cycles for each instruction.
Table 11.2. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary
Mnemonic
Description
Bytes
Clock Cycles
ADD A, Rn
Add register to A
1
1
ADD A, direct
Add direct byte to A
2
2
ADD A, @Ri
Add indirect RAM to A
1
2
ADD A, #data
Add immediate to A
2
2
ADDC A, Rn
Add register to A with carry
1
1
ADDC A, direct
Add direct byte to A with carry
2
2
ADDC A, @Ri
Add indirect RAM to A with carry
1
2
ADDC A, #data
Add immediate to A with carry
2
2
SUBB A, Rn
Subtract register from A with borrow
1
1
SUBB A, direct
Subtract direct byte from A with borrow
2
2
SUBB A, @Ri
Subtract indirect RAM from A with borrow
1
2
SUBB A, #data
Subtract immediate from A with borrow
2
2
INC A
Increment A
1
1
INC Rn
Increment register
1
1
INC direct
Increment direct byte
2
2
INC @Ri
Increment indirect RAM
1
2
DEC A
Decrement A
1
1
DEC Rn
Decrement register
1
1
DEC direct
Decrement direct byte
2
2
DEC @Ri
Decrement indirect RAM
1
2
INC DPTR
Increment Data Pointer
1
1
MUL AB
Multiply A and B
1
4
DIV AB
Divide A by B
1
8
DA A
Decimal adjust A
1
1
ANL A, Rn
AND Register to A
1
1
ANL A, direct
AND direct byte to A
2
2
Arithmetic Operations
Logical Operations
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CIP-51 Microcontroller Core
Mnemonic
Description
Bytes
Clock Cycles
ANL A, @Ri
AND indirect RAM to A
1
2
ANL A, #data
AND immediate to A
2
2
ANL direct, A
AND A to direct byte
2
2
ANL direct, #data
AND immediate to direct byte
3
3
ORL A, Rn
OR Register to A
1
1
ORL A, direct
OR direct byte to A
2
2
ORL A, @Ri
OR indirect RAM to A
1
2
ORL A, #data
OR immediate to A
2
2
ORL direct, A
OR A to direct byte
2
2
ORL direct, #data
OR immediate to direct byte
3
3
XRL A, Rn
Exclusive-OR Register to A
1
1
XRL A, direct
Exclusive-OR direct byte to A
2
2
XRL A, @Ri
Exclusive-OR indirect RAM to A
1
2
XRL A, #data
Exclusive-OR immediate to A
2
2
XRL direct, A
Exclusive-OR A to direct byte
2
2
XRL direct, #data
Exclusive-OR immediate to direct byte
3
3
CLR A
Clear A
1
1
CPL A
Complement A
1
1
RL A
Rotate A left
1
1
RLC A
Rotate A left through Carry
1
1
RR A
Rotate A right
1
1
RRC A
Rotate A right through Carry
1
1
SWAP A
Swap nibbles of A
1
1
MOV A, Rn
Move Register to A
1
1
MOV A, direct
Move direct byte to A
2
2
MOV A, @Ri
Move indirect RAM to A
1
2
MOV A, #data
Move immediate to A
2
2
MOV Rn, A
Move A to Register
1
1
MOV Rn, direct
Move direct byte to Register
2
2
MOV Rn, #data
Move immediate to Register
2
2
MOV direct, A
Move A to direct byte
2
2
MOV direct, Rn
Move Register to direct byte
2
2
MOV direct, direct
Move direct byte to direct byte
3
3
MOV direct, @Ri
Move indirect RAM to direct byte
2
2
MOV direct, #data
Move immediate to direct byte
3
3
MOV @Ri, A
Move A to indirect RAM
1
2
Data Transfer
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CIP-51 Microcontroller Core
Mnemonic
Description
Bytes
Clock Cycles
MOV @Ri, direct
Move direct byte to indirect RAM
2
2
MOV @Ri, #data
Move immediate to indirect RAM
2
2
MOV DPTR, #data16
Load DPTR with 16-bit constant
3
3
MOVC A, @A+DPTR
Move code byte relative DPTR to A
1
3
MOVC A, @A+PC
Move code byte relative PC to A
1
3
MOVX A, @Ri
Move external data (8-bit address) to A
1
3
MOVX @Ri, A
Move A to external data (8-bit address)
1
3
MOVX A, @DPTR
Move external data (16-bit address) to A
1
3
MOVX @DPTR, A
Move A to external data (16-bit address)
1
3
PUSH direct
Push direct byte onto stack
2
2
POP direct
Pop direct byte from stack
2
2
XCH A, Rn
Exchange Register with A
1
1
XCH A, direct
Exchange direct byte with A
2
2
XCH A, @Ri
Exchange indirect RAM with A
1
2
XCHD A, @Ri
Exchange low nibble of indirect RAM with A
1
2
CLR C
Clear Carry
1
1
CLR bit
Clear direct bit
2
2
SETB C
Set Carry
1
1
SETB bit
Set direct bit
2
2
CPL C
Complement Carry
1
1
CPL bit
Complement direct bit
2
2
ANL C, bit
AND direct bit to Carry
2
2
ANL C, /bit
AND complement of direct bit to Carry
2
2
ORL C, bit
OR direct bit to carry
2
2
ORL C, /bit
OR complement of direct bit to Carry
2
2
MOV C, bit
Move direct bit to Carry
2
2
MOV bit, C
Move Carry to direct bit
2
2
JC rel
Jump if Carry is set
2
2 or 3
JNC rel
Jump if Carry is not set
2
2 or 3
JB bit, rel
Jump if direct bit is set
3
3 or 4
JNB bit, rel
Jump if direct bit is not set
3
3 or 4
JBC bit, rel
Jump if direct bit is set and clear bit
3
3 or 4
ACALL addr11
Absolute subroutine call
2
3
LCALL addr16
Long subroutine call
3
4
RET
Return from subroutine
1
5
Boolean Manipulation
Program Branching
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CIP-51 Microcontroller Core
Mnemonic
Description
Bytes
Clock Cycles
RETI
Return from interrupt
1
5
AJMP addr11
Absolute jump
2
3
LJMP addr16
Long jump
3
4
SJMP rel
Short jump (relative address)
2
3
JMP @A+DPTR
Jump indirect relative to DPTR
1
3
JZ rel
Jump if A equals zero
2
2 or 3
JNZ rel
Jump if A does not equal zero
2
2 or 3
CJNE A, direct, rel
Compare direct byte to A and jump if not equal
3
3 or 4
CJNE A, #data, rel
Compare immediate to A and jump if not equal
3
3 or 4
CJNE Rn, #data, rel
Compare immediate to Register and jump if not equal
3
3 or 4
CJNE @Ri, #data, rel
Compare immediate to indirect and jump if not equal
3
4 or 5
DJNZ Rn, rel
Decrement Register and jump if not zero
2
2 or 3
DJNZ direct, rel
Decrement direct byte and jump if not zero
3
3 or 4
NOP
No operation
1
1
Notes:
• Rn: Register R0–R7 of the currently selected register bank.
• @Ri: Data RAM location addressed indirectly through R0 or R1.
• rel: 8-bit, signed (twos complement) offset relative to the first byte of the following instruction. Used by SJMP and all conditional
jumps.
• direct: 8-bit internal data location’s address. This could be a direct-access Data RAM location (0x00–0x7F) or an SFR (0x80–
0xFF).
• #data: 8-bit constant.
• #data16: 16-bit constant.
• bit: Direct-accessed bit in Data RAM or SFR.
• addr11: 11-bit destination address used by ACALL and AJMP. The destination must be within the same 2 KB page of program
memory as the first byte of the following instruction.
• addr16: 16-bit destination address used by LCALL and LJMP. The destination may be anywhere within the 8 KB program memory
space.
• There is one unused opcode (0xA5) that performs the same function as NOP. All mnemonics copyrighted © Intel Corporation
1980.
11.4 CPU Core Registers
11.4.1 DPL: Data Pointer Low
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
DPL
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = ALL; SFR Address: 0x82
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
DPL
0x00
RW
Data Pointer Low.
The DPL register is the low byte of the 16-bit DPTR. DPTR is used to access indirectly addressed flash memory or XRAM.
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CIP-51 Microcontroller Core
11.4.2 DPH: Data Pointer High
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
DPH
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = ALL; SFR Address: 0x83
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
DPH
0x00
RW
Data Pointer High.
The DPH register is the high byte of the 16-bit DPTR. DPTR is used to access indirectly addressed flash memory or XRAM.
11.4.3 SP: Stack Pointer
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
SP
Access
RW
Reset
0x07
2
1
0
SFR Page = ALL; SFR Address: 0x81
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
SP
0x07
RW
Stack Pointer.
The Stack Pointer holds the location of the top of the stack. The stack pointer is incremented before every PUSH operation.
The SP register defaults to 0x07 after reset.
11.4.4 ACC: Accumulator
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
ACC
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = ALL; SFR Address: 0xE0 (bit-addressable)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
ACC
0x00
RW
Accumulator.
This register is the accumulator for arithmetic operations.
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CIP-51 Microcontroller Core
11.4.5 B: B Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
B
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = ALL; SFR Address: 0xF0 (bit-addressable)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
B
0x00
RW
B Register.
This register serves as a second accumulator for certain arithmetic operations.
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CIP-51 Microcontroller Core
11.4.6 PSW: Program Status Word
Bit
7
6
5
Name
CY
AC
F0
Access
RW
RW
0
0
Reset
4
3
2
1
0
RS
OV
F1
PARITY
RW
RW
RW
RW
R
0
0x0
0
0
0
SFR Page = ALL; SFR Address: 0xD0 (bit-addressable)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
CY
0
RW
Carry Flag.
This bit is set when the last arithmetic operation resulted in a carry (addition) or a borrow (subtraction). It is cleared to logic
0 by all other arithmetic operations.
6
AC
0
RW
Auxiliary Carry Flag.
This bit is set when the last arithmetic operation resulted in a carry into (addition) or a borrow from (subtraction) the high
order nibble. It is cleared to logic 0 by all other arithmetic operations.
5
F0
0
RW
User Flag 0.
This is a bit-addressable, general purpose flag for use under firmware control.
4:3
RS
0x0
RW
Register Bank Select.
These bits select which register bank is used during register accesses.
2
Value
Name
Description
0x0
BANK0
Bank 0, Addresses 0x00-0x07
0x1
BANK1
Bank 1, Addresses 0x08-0x0F
0x2
BANK2
Bank 2, Addresses 0x10-0x17
0x3
BANK3
Bank 3, Addresses 0x18-0x1F
OV
0
RW
Overflow Flag.
This bit is set to 1 under the following circumstances:
1. An ADD, ADDC, or SUBB instruction causes a sign-change overflow.
2. A MUL instruction results in an overflow (result is greater than 255).
3. A DIV instruction causes a divide-by-zero condition.
The OV bit is cleared to 0 by the ADD, ADDC, SUBB, MUL, and DIV instructions in all other cases.
1
F1
0
RW
User Flag 1.
This is a bit-addressable, general purpose flag for use under firmware control.
0
PARITY
0
R
Parity Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 if the sum of the eight bits in the accumulator is odd and cleared if the sum is even.
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Port I/O, Crossbar, External Interrupts, and Port Match
12. Port I/O, Crossbar, External Interrupts, and Port Match
12.1 Introduction
Digital and analog resources are externally available on the device’s multi-purpose I/O pins. Port pins P0.0-P2.6 can be defined as general-purpose I/O (GPIO), assigned to one of the internal digital resources through the crossbar or dedicated channels, or assigned to an
analog function. Port pin P2.7 can be used as GPIO. Additionally, the C2 Interface Data signal (C2D) is shared with P2.7.
UART0
SPI0
SMB0
CMP0 Out
CMP1 Out
SYSCLK
PCA (CEXn)
PCA (ECI)
Timer 0
Timer 1
Timer 2
2
4
Priority Crossbar
Decoder
2
P0.0 / VREF
P0.1 / AGND
P0.2 / XTAL1
P0.3 / XTAL2
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6 / CNVSTR
P0.7 / IREF0
P0, P1, P2
2
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
ADC0 In
CMP0 In
CMP1 In
Port Match
P0, P1, P2
P0, P1, P2
P0, P1, P2
P0, P1
INT0 / INT1
P0
Port
Control
and
Config
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
Figure 12.1. Port I/O Block Diagram
12.2 Features
•
•
•
•
•
Up to 24 multi-functions I/O pins, supporting digital and analog functions.
Flexible priority crossbar decoder for digital peripheral assignment.
Two drive strength settings for each pin.
Two direct-pin interrupt sources with dedicated interrupt vectors (INT0 and INT1).
Up to 16 direct-pin interrupt sources with shared interrupt vector (Port Match).
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Port I/O, Crossbar, External Interrupts, and Port Match
12.3 Functional Description
12.3.1 Port I/O Modes of Operation
Port pins are configured by firmware as digital or analog I/O using the special function registers. Port I/O initialization consists of the
following general steps:
1. Select the input mode (analog or digital) for all port pins, using the Port Input Mode register (PnMDIN).
2. Select the output mode (open-drain or push-pull) for all port pins, using the Port Output Mode register (PnMDOUT).
3. Select any pins to be skipped by the I/O crossbar using the Port Skip registers (PnSKIP).
4. Assign port pins to desired peripherals.
5. Enable the crossbar (XBARE = 1).
A diagram of the port I/O cell is shown in the following figure.
WEAKPUD
(Weak Pull-Up Disable)
PxMDOUT.x
(1 for push-pull)
(0 for open-drain)
VDD
XBARE
(Crossbar
Enable)
VDD
(WEAK)
PORT
PAD
Px.x – Output
Logic Value
(Port Latch or
Crossbar)
PxMDIN.x
(1 for digital)
(0 for analog)
To/From Analog
Peripheral
GND
Px.x – Input Logic Value
(Reads 0 when pin is configured as an analog I/O)
Figure 12.2. Port I/O Cell Block Diagram
Configuring Port Pins For Analog Modes
Any pins to be used for analog functions should be configured for analog mode. When a pin is configured for analog I/O, its weak pullup, digital driver, and digital receiver are disabled. This saves power by eliminating crowbar current, and reduces noise on the analog
input. Pins configured as digital inputs may still be used by analog peripherals; however this practice is not recommended. Port pins
configured for analog functions will always read back a value of 0 in the corresponding Pn Port Latch register. To configure a pin as
analog, the following steps should be taken:
1. Clear the bit associated with the pin in the PnMDIN register to 0. This selects analog mode for the pin.
2. Set the bit associated with the pin in the Pn register to 1.
3. Skip the bit associated with the pin in the PnSKIP register to ensure the crossbar does not attempt to assign a function to the pin.
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Configuring Port Pins For Digital Modes
Any pins to be used by digital peripherals or as GPIO should be configured as digital I/O (PnMDIN.n = 1). For digital I/O pins, one of
two output modes (push-pull or open-drain) must be selected using the PnMDOUT registers.
Push-pull outputs (PnMDOUT.n = 1) drive the port pad to the supply rails based on the output logic value of the port pin. Open-drain
outputs have the high side driver disabled; therefore, they only drive the port pad to the lowside rail when the output logic value is 0 and
become high impedance inputs (both high low drivers turned off) when the output logic value is 1.
When a digital I/O cell is placed in the high impedance state, a weak pull-up transistor pulls the port pad to the high side rail to ensure
the digital input is at a defined logic state. Weak pull-ups are disabled when the I/O cell is driven low to minimize power consumption,
and they may be globally disabled by setting WEAKPUD to 1. The user should ensure that digital I/O are always internally or externally
pulled or driven to a valid logic state to minimize power consumption. Port pins configured for digital I/O always read back the logic
state of the port pad, regardless of the output logic value of the port pin.
To configure a pin as a digital input:
1. Set the bit associated with the pin in the PnMDIN register to 1. This selects digital mode for the pin.
2. lear the bit associated with the pin in the PnMDOUT register to 0. This configures the pin as open-drain.
3. Set the bit associated with the pin in the Pn register to 1. This tells the output driver to “drive” logic high. Because the pin is configured as open-drain, the high-side driver is disabled, and the pin may be used as an input.
Open-drain outputs are configured exactly as digital inputs. The pin may be driven low by an assigned peripheral, or by writing 0 to the
associated bit in the Pn register if the signal is a GPIO.
To configure a pin as a digital, push-pull output:
1. Set the bit associated with the pin in the PnMDIN register to 1. This selects digital mode for the pin.
2. Set the bit associated with the pin in the PnMDOUT register to 1. This configures the pin as push-pull.
If a digital pin is to be used as a general-purpose I/O, or with a digital function that is not part of the crossbar, the bit associated with the
pin in the PnSKIP register can be set to 1 to ensure the crossbar does not attempt to assign a function to the pin. The crossbar must be
enabled to use port pins as standard port I/O in output mode. Port output drivers of all I/O pins are disabled whenever the crossbar is
disabled.
12.3.1.1 Pin Drive Strength
Pin drive strength can be controlled on a pin-by-pin basis using the PnDRV registers. Each pin has a bit in the corresponding PnDRV
register to select the high or low drive strengh setting. By default, all port pins are configured for low drive strength.
12.3.2 Analog and Digital Functions
12.3.2.1 Port I/O Analog Assignments
The following table displays the potential mapping of port I/O to each analog function.
Table 12.1. Port I/O Assignment for Analog Functions
Analog Function
Potentially Assignable Port Pins
SFR(s) Used For Assignment
ADC Input
P0.0 – P2.6
ADC0MX, PnSKIP, PnMDIN
Comparator 0 Input
P0.0 – P2.6
CMP0MX, PnSKIP, PnMDIN
Comparator 1 Input
P0.0 – P2.6
CMP1MX, PnSKIP, PnMDIN
Voltage Reference (VREF)
P0.0
REF0CN, PnSKIP, PnMDIN
Reference Ground (AGND)
P0.1
REF0CN, PnSKIP, PnMDIN
Current Refernence (IREF0)
P0.7
IREF0CN0, PnSKIP, PnMDIN
External Oscillator Input (XTAL2)
P0.2
HFO0CN, PnSKIP, PnMDIN
External Oscillator Output (XTAL1)
P0.3
HFO0CN, PnSKIP, PnMDIN
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12.3.2.2 Port I/O Digital Assignments
The following table displays the potential mapping of port I/O to each digital function.
Table 12.2. Port I/O Assignment for Digital Functions
Digital Function
Potentially Assignable Port Pins
UART0, SPI1, SPI0, SMB0, CP0, CP0A,
CP1, CP1A, SYSCLK, PCA0 (CEX0-5 and
ECI), T0, T1
XBR0, XBR1, XBR2
Any port pin available for assignment by
the crossbar. This includes P0.0 - P2.6 pins
which have their PnSKIP bit set to ‘0’. The
crossbar will always assign UART0 pins to
P0.4 and P0.5 and SPI1 pins to P1.0 –
P1.3.
External Interrupt 0, External Interrupt 1
P0.0 – P0.7
IT01CF
Conversion Start (CNVSTR)
P0.6
ADC0CN0
Port Match
P0.0 – P1.7
P0MASK, P0MAT, P1MASK, P1MAT
Any pin used for GPIO
P0.0 – P2.6
P0SKIP, P1SKIP
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12.3.3 Priority Crossbar Decoder
The priority crossbar decoder assigns a priority to each I/O function, starting at the top with UART0. The XBRn registers are used to
control which crossbar resources are assigned to physical I/O port pins.
When a digital resource is selected, the least-significant unassigned port pin is assigned to that resource (excluding UART0, which is
always assigned to dedicated pins). If a port pin is assigned, the crossbar skips that pin when assigning the next selected resource.
Additionally, the the PnSKIP registers allow software to skip port pins that are to be used for analog functions, dedicated digital functions, or GPIO. If a port pin is to be used by a function which is not assigned through the crossbar, its corresponding PnSKIP bit should
be set to 1 in most cases. The crossbar skips these pins as if they were already assigned, and moves to the next unassigned pin.
It is possible for crossbar-assigned peripherals and dedicated functions to coexist on the same pin. For example, the port match function could be configured to watch for a falling edge on a UART RX line and generate an interrupt or wake up the device from a lowpower state. However, if two functions share the same pin, the crossbar will have control over the output characteristics of that pin and
the dedicated function will only have input access. Likewise, it is possible for firmware to read the logic state of any digital I/O pin assigned to a crossbar peripheral, but the output state cannot be directly modified.
Figure 12.3 Crossbar Priority Decoder Example Assignments on page 96 shows an example of the resulting pin assignments of the
device with UART0 and SPI0 enabled and P0.3 skipped (P0SKIP = 0x08). UART0 is the highest priority and it will be assigned first.
The UART0 pins can only appear at fixed locations (in this example, P0.4 and P0.5), so it occupies those pins. The next-highest enabled peripheral is SPI0. P0.0, P0.1 and P0.2 are free, so SPI0 takes these three pins. The fourth pin, NSS, is routed to P0.6 because
P0.3 is skipped and P0.4 and P0.5 are already occupied by the UART. Any other pins on the device are available for use as generalpurpose digital I/O or analog functions.
Port
Pin Number
P0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
UART0-TX
UART0-RX
SPI0-SCK
SPI0-MISO
SPI0-MOSI
SPI0-NSS
Pin Skip Settings
P0SKIP
UART0 is assigned to fixed pins and has priority over SPI0.
SPI0 is assigned to available, un-skipped pins.
Port pins assigned to the associated peripheral.
P0.3 is skipped by setting P0SKIP.3 to 1.
Figure 12.3. Crossbar Priority Decoder Example Assignments
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12.3.3.1 Crossbar Functional Map
Figure 12.4 Full Crossbar Map on page 98 shows all of the potential peripheral-to-pin assignments available to the crossbar. Note
that this does not mean any peripheral can always be assigned to the highlighted pins. The actual pin assignments are determined by
the priority of the enabled peripherals.
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XTAL2
0
0
0
5
6
7
0
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
0
0
4
5
6
WRb
XTAL1
0
4
RDb
3
P2
ALE
2
IREF0
1
P1
CNVSTR
0
AGND
Pin Number
P0
VREF
Port
0
0
0
7
QFN-32 Package
AD0m — AD7m, A8 — A11
QFP-32 Package
C2D
QFN-24 Package
UART0-TX
UART0-RX
SPI1-SCK
SPI1-MISO
SPI1-MOSI
SPI1-NSS*
SPI0-SCK
SPI0-MISO
Pin Not Available on Crossbar
SPI0-MOSI
SPI0-NSS*
SMB0-SDA
SMB0-SCL
CMP0-CP0
CMP0-CP0A
CMP1-CP1
CMP1-CP1A
SYSCLK
PCA0-CEX0
PCA0-CEX1
PCA0-CEX2
PCA0-CEX3
PCA0-CEX4
PCA0-CEX5
PCA0-ECI
Timer0-T0
Timer1-T1
Pin Skip Settings
0
0
P0SKIP
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P1SKIP
0
0
X
P2SKIP
The crossbar peripherals are assigned in priority order from top to bottom.
These boxes represent Port pins which can potentially be assigned to a peripheral.
Special Function Signals are not assigned by the crossbar. When these signals are enabled, the Crossbar should
be manually configured to skip the corresponding port pins.
Pins can be “skipped” by setting the corresponding bit in PnSKIP to 1.
* NSS is only pinned out when the SPI is in 4-wire mode.
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12.3.4 INT0 and INT1
Two direct-pin digital interrupt sources (INT0 and INT1) are included, which can be routed to port 0 pins. Additional I/O interrupts are
available through the port match function. As is the case on a standard 8051 architecture, certain controls for these two interrupt sources are available in the Timer0/1 registers. Extensions to these controls which provide additional functionality are available in the
IT01CF register. INT0 and INT1 are configurable as active high or low, edge- or level-sensitive. The IN0PL and IN1PL bits in the
IT01CF register select active high or active low; the IT0 and IT1 bits in TCON select level- or edge-sensitive. The table below lists the
possible configurations.
Table 12.3. INT0/INT1 configuration
IT0 or IT1
IN0PL or IN1PL
INT0 or INT1 Interrupt
1
0
Interrupt on falling edge
1
1
Interrupt on rising edge
0
0
Interrupt on low level
0
1
Interrupt on high level
INT0 and INT1 are assigned to port pins as defined in the IT01CF register. INT0 and INT1 port pin assignments are independent of any
crossbar assignments, and may be assigned to pins used by crossbar peripherals. INT0 and INT1 will monitor their assigned port pins
without disturbing the peripheral that was assigned the port pin via the crossbar. To assign a port pin only to INT0 and/or INT1, configure the crossbar to skip the selected pin(s).
IE0 and IE1 in the TCON register serve as the interrupt-pending flags for the INT0 and INT1 external interrupts, respectively. If an INT0
or INT1 external interrupt is configured as edge-sensitive, the corresponding interrupt pending flag is automatically cleared by the hardware when the CPU vectors to the ISR. When configured as level sensitive, the interrupt-pending flag remains logic 1 while the input is
active as defined by the corresponding polarity bit (IN0PL or IN1PL); the flag remains logic 0 while the input is inactive. The external
interrupt source must hold the input active until the interrupt request is recognized. It must then deactivate the interrupt request before
execution of the ISR completes or another interrupt request will be generated.
12.3.5 Port Match
Port match functionality allows system events to be triggered by a logic value change on one or more port I/O pins. A software controlled value stored in the PnMATCH registers specifies the expected or normal logic values of the associated port pins (for example,
P0MATCH.0 would correspond to P0.0). A port mismatch event occurs if the logic levels of the port’s input pins no longer match the
software controlled value. This allows software to be notified if a certain change or pattern occurs on the input pins regardless of the
XBRn settings.
The PnMASK registers can be used to individually select which pins should be compared against the PnMATCH registers. A port mismatch event is generated if (Pn & PnMASK) does not equal (PnMATCH & PnMASK) for all ports with a PnMAT and PnMASK register.
A port mismatch event may be used to generate an interrupt or wake the device from low power modes. See the interrupts and power
options chapters for more details on interrupt and wake-up sources.
12.3.6 Direct Port I/O Access (Read/Write)
All port I/O are accessed through corresponding special function registers. When writing to a port, the value written to the SFR is latched to maintain the output data value at each pin. When reading, the logic levels of the port's input pins are returned regardless of the
XBRn settings (i.e., even when the pin is assigned to another signal by the crossbar, the port register can always read its corresponding
port I/O pin). The exception to this is the execution of the read-modify-write instructions that target a Port Latch register as the destination. The read-modify-write instructions when operating on a port SFR are the following: ANL, ORL, XRL, JBC, CPL, INC, DEC, DJNZ
and MOV, CLR or SETB, when the destination is an individual bit in a port SFR. For these instructions, the value of the latch register
(not the pin) is read, modified, and written back to the SFR.
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12.4 Port I/O Control Registers
12.4.1 XBR0: Port I/O Crossbar 0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
CP1AE
CP1E
CP0AE
CP0E
SYSCKE
SMB0E
SPI0E
URT0E
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xE1
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
CP1AE
0
RW
Comparator1 Asynchronous Output Enable.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Asynchronous CP1 unavailable at Port pin.
1
ENABLED
Asynchronous CP1 routed to Port pin.
CP1E
0
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
CP1 unavailable at Port pin.
1
ENABLED
CP1 routed to Port pin.
CP0AE
0
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Asynchronous CP0 unavailable at Port pin.
1
ENABLED
Asynchronous CP0 routed to Port pin.
CP0E
0
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
CP0 unavailable at Port pin.
1
ENABLED
CP0 routed to Port pin.
SYSCKE
0
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
SYSCLK unavailable at Port pin.
1
ENABLED
SYSCLK output routed to Port pin.
SMB0E
0
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
SMBus 0 I/O unavailable at Port pins.
1
ENABLED
SMBus 0 I/O routed to Port pins.
SPI0E
0
6
5
4
3
2
1
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
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Comparator1 Output Enable.
Comparator0 Asynchronous Output Enable.
Comparator0 Output Enable.
SYSCLK Output Enable.
SMB0 I/O Enable.
SPI I/O Enable.
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Bit
0
Name
Reset
Access
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
SPI I/O unavailable at Port pins.
1
ENABLED
SPI I/O routed to Port pins. The SPI can be assigned either 3 or 4 GPIO pins.
URT0E
0
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
UART I/O unavailable at Port pin.
1
ENABLED
UART TX, RX routed to Port pins P0.4 and P0.5.
RW
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Description
UART I/O Output Enable.
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12.4.2 XBR1: Port I/O Crossbar 1
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
Reserved
SPI1E
T1E
T0E
ECIE
PCA0ME
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0x0
Reset
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xE2
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
7
Reserved
Must write reset value.
6
SPI1E
0
RW
Description
SPI1 I/O Enable.
SPI1 is fixed on P1.0 (SCK), P1.1 (MISO), P1.2 (MOSI), and P1.3 (NSS). NSS is only available if the SPI1 module is configured for 4-wire mode.
5
4
3
2:0
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
SPI1 I/O unavailable at Port pin.
1
ENABLED
SPI1 I/O routed to Port pins.
T1E
0
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
T1 unavailable at Port pin.
1
ENABLED
T1 routed to Port pin.
T0E
0
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
T0 unavailable at Port pin.
1
ENABLED
T0 routed to Port pin.
ECIE
0
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
ECI unavailable at Port pin.
1
ENABLED
ECI routed to Port pin.
PCA0ME
0x0
Value
Name
Description
0x0
DISABLED
All PCA I/O unavailable at Port pins.
0x1
CEX0
CEX0 routed to Port pin.
0x2
CEX0_CEX1
CEX0, CEX1 routed to Port pins.
0x3
CEX0_CEX1_CEX2
CEX0, CEX1, CEX2 routed to Port pins.
0x4
CEX0_CEX1_CEX2_C
EX3
CEX0, CEX1, CEX2, CEX3 routed to Port pin.
0x5
CEX0_CEX1_CEX2_C
EX3_CEX4
CEX0, CEX1, CEX2, CEX3, CEX4 routed to Port pins.
RW
RW
RW
RW
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T1 Enable.
T0 Enable.
PCA0 External Counter Input Enable.
PCA Module I/O Enable.
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Bit
Name
Reset
Access
0x6
CEX0_CEX1_CEX2_C
EX3_CEX4_CEX5
Description
CEX0, CEX1, CEX2, CEX3, CEX4, CEX5 routed to Port pins.
12.4.3 XBR2: Port I/O Crossbar 2
Bit
7
6
Name
WEAKPUD
XBARE
Reserved
Access
RW
RW
R
0
0
0x00
Reset
5
4
3
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xE3
Bit
Name
7
WEAKPUD 0
6
5:0
Reset
Access
Description
RW
Port I/O Weak Pullup Disable.
Value
Name
Description
0
PULL_UPS_ENABLED
Weak Pullups enabled (except for Ports whose I/O are configured for analog
mode).
1
PULL_UPS_DISABLED Weak Pullups disabled.
XBARE
0
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Crossbar disabled.
1
ENABLED
Crossbar enabled.
Reserved
Must write reset value.
RW
Crossbar Enable.
The Crossbar must be enabled (XBARE = 1) to use any port pin as a digital output.
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12.4.4 P0MASK: Port 0 Mask
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xC7
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
B7
0
RW
Port 0 Bit 7 Mask Value.
Value
Name
Description
0
IGNORED
P0.7 pin logic value is ignored and will not cause a port mismatch event.
1
COMPARED
P0.7 pin logic value is compared to P0MAT.7.
B6
0
RW
Port 0 Bit 6 Mask Value.
RW
Port 0 Bit 5 Mask Value.
RW
Port 0 Bit 4 Mask Value.
RW
Port 0 Bit 3 Mask Value.
RW
Port 0 Bit 2 Mask Value.
RW
Port 0 Bit 1 Mask Value.
RW
Port 0 Bit 0 Mask Value.
6
See bit 7 description
5
B5
0
See bit 7 description
4
B4
0
See bit 7 description
3
B3
0
See bit 7 description
2
B2
0
See bit 7 description
1
B1
0
See bit 7 description
0
B0
0
See bit 7 description
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12.4.5 P0MAT: Port 0 Match
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xD7
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
B7
1
RW
Port 0 Bit 7 Match Value.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
P0.7 pin logic value is compared with logic LOW.
1
HIGH
P0.7 pin logic value is compared with logic HIGH.
B6
1
6
RW
Port 0 Bit 6 Match Value.
RW
Port 0 Bit 5 Match Value.
RW
Port 0 Bit 4 Match Value.
RW
Port 0 Bit 3 Match Value.
RW
Port 0 Bit 2 Match Value.
RW
Port 0 Bit 1 Match Value.
RW
Port 0 Bit 0 Match Value.
See bit 7 description
5
B5
1
See bit 7 description
4
B4
1
See bit 7 description
3
B3
1
See bit 7 description
2
B2
1
See bit 7 description
1
B1
1
See bit 7 description
0
B0
1
See bit 7 description
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12.4.6 P0: Port 0 Pin Latch
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Reset
SFR Page = ALL; SFR Address: 0x80 (bit-addressable)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
B7
1
RW
Port 0 Bit 7 Latch.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
P0.7 is low. Set P0.7 to drive low.
1
HIGH
P0.7 is high. Set P0.7 to drive or float high.
B6
1
6
RW
Port 0 Bit 6 Latch.
RW
Port 0 Bit 5 Latch.
RW
Port 0 Bit 4 Latch.
RW
Port 0 Bit 3 Latch.
RW
Port 0 Bit 2 Latch.
RW
Port 0 Bit 1 Latch.
RW
Port 0 Bit 0 Latch.
See bit 7 description
5
B5
1
See bit 7 description
4
B4
1
See bit 7 description
3
B3
1
See bit 7 description
2
B2
1
See bit 7 description
1
B1
1
See bit 7 description
0
B0
1
See bit 7 description
Writing this register sets the port latch logic value for the associated I/O pins configured as digital I/O.
Reading this register returns the logic value at the pin, regardless if it is configured as output or input.
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12.4.7 P0MDIN: Port 0 Input Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xF1
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
B7
1
RW
Port 0 Bit 7 Input Mode.
Value
Name
Description
0
ANALOG
P0.7 pin is configured for analog mode.
1
DIGITAL
P0.7 pin is configured for digital mode.
B6
1
6
RW
Port 0 Bit 6 Input Mode.
RW
Port 0 Bit 5 Input Mode.
RW
Port 0 Bit 4 Input Mode.
RW
Port 0 Bit 3 Input Mode.
RW
Port 0 Bit 2 Input Mode.
RW
Port 0 Bit 1 Input Mode.
RW
Port 0 Bit 0 Input Mode.
See bit 7 description
5
B5
1
See bit 7 description
4
B4
1
See bit 7 description
3
B3
1
See bit 7 description
2
B2
1
See bit 7 description
1
B1
1
See bit 7 description
0
B0
1
See bit 7 description
Port pins configured for analog mode have their weak pullup, digital driver, and digital receiver disabled.
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12.4.8 P0MDOUT: Port 0 Output Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xA4
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
B7
0
RW
Port 0 Bit 7 Output Mode.
Value
Name
Description
0
OPEN_DRAIN
P0.7 output is open-drain.
1
PUSH_PULL
P0.7 output is push-pull.
B6
0
RW
Port 0 Bit 6 Output Mode.
RW
Port 0 Bit 5 Output Mode.
RW
Port 0 Bit 4 Output Mode.
RW
Port 0 Bit 3 Output Mode.
RW
Port 0 Bit 2 Output Mode.
RW
Port 0 Bit 1 Output Mode.
RW
Port 0 Bit 0 Output Mode.
6
See bit 7 description
5
B5
0
See bit 7 description
4
B4
0
See bit 7 description
3
B3
0
See bit 7 description
2
B2
0
See bit 7 description
1
B1
0
See bit 7 description
0
B0
0
See bit 7 description
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12.4.9 P0SKIP: Port 0 Skip
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xD4
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
B7
0
RW
Port 0 Bit 7 Skip.
Value
Name
Description
0
NOT_SKIPPED
P0.7 pin is not skipped by the crossbar.
1
SKIPPED
P0.7 pin is skipped by the crossbar.
B6
0
6
RW
Port 0 Bit 6 Skip.
RW
Port 0 Bit 5 Skip.
RW
Port 0 Bit 4 Skip.
RW
Port 0 Bit 3 Skip.
RW
Port 0 Bit 2 Skip.
RW
Port 0 Bit 1 Skip.
RW
Port 0 Bit 0 Skip.
See bit 7 description
5
B5
0
See bit 7 description
4
B4
0
See bit 7 description
3
B3
0
See bit 7 description
2
B2
0
See bit 7 description
1
B1
0
See bit 7 description
0
B0
0
See bit 7 description
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12.4.10 P0DRV: Port 0 Drive Strength
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0xF; SFR Address: 0xA4
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
B7
0
RW
Port 0 Bit 7 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P0.7 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P0.7 output has high output drive strength.
B6
0
Port 0 Bit 6 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P0.6 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P0.6 output has high output drive strength.
B5
0
Port 0 Bit 5 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P0.5 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P0.5 output has high output drive strength.
B4
0
Port 0 Bit 4 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P0.4 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P0.4 output has high output drive strength.
B3
0
Port 0 Bit 3 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P0.3 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P0.3 output has high output drive strength.
B2
0
Port 0 Bit 2 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P0.2 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P0.2 output has high output drive strength.
B1
0
Port 0 Bit 1 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P0.1 output has low output drive strength.
6
5
4
3
2
1
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
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Bit
0
Name
Reset
Access
Description
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P0.1 output has high output drive strength.
B0
0
Port 0 Bit 0 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P0.0 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P0.0 output has high output drive strength.
RW
12.4.11 P1MASK: Port 1 Mask
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xBF
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
B7
0
RW
Port 1 Bit 7 Mask Value.
Value
Name
Description
0
IGNORED
P1.7 pin logic value is ignored and will not cause a port mismatch event.
1
COMPARED
P1.7 pin logic value is compared to P1MAT.7.
B6
0
RW
Port 1 Bit 6 Mask Value.
RW
Port 1 Bit 5 Mask Value.
RW
Port 1 Bit 4 Mask Value.
RW
Port 1 Bit 3 Mask Value.
RW
Port 1 Bit 2 Mask Value.
RW
Port 1 Bit 1 Mask Value.
RW
Port 1 Bit 0 Mask Value.
6
See bit 7 description
5
B5
0
See bit 7 description
4
B4
0
See bit 7 description
3
B3
0
See bit 7 description
2
B2
0
See bit 7 description
1
B1
0
See bit 7 description
0
B0
0
See bit 7 description
Port 1 consists of 8 bits (P1.0-P1.7) on QFN32 and LQFP32 packages and 7 bits (P1.0-P1.6) on QFN24 packages.
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12.4.12 P1MAT: Port 1 Match
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xCF
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
B7
1
RW
Port 1 Bit 7 Match Value.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
P1.7 pin logic value is compared with logic LOW.
1
HIGH
P1.7 pin logic value is compared with logic HIGH.
B6
1
6
RW
Port 1 Bit 6 Match Value.
RW
Port 1 Bit 5 Match Value.
RW
Port 1 Bit 4 Match Value.
RW
Port 1 Bit 3 Match Value.
RW
Port 1 Bit 2 Match Value.
RW
Port 1 Bit 1 Match Value.
RW
Port 1 Bit 0 Match Value.
See bit 7 description
5
B5
1
See bit 7 description
4
B4
1
See bit 7 description
3
B3
1
See bit 7 description
2
B2
1
See bit 7 description
1
B1
1
See bit 7 description
0
B0
1
See bit 7 description
Port 1 consists of 8 bits (P1.0-P1.7) on QFN32 and LQFP32 packages and 7 bits (P1.0-P1.6) on QFN24 packages.
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12.4.13 P1: Port 1 Pin Latch
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Reset
SFR Page = ALL; SFR Address: 0x90 (bit-addressable)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
B7
1
RW
Port 1 Bit 7 Latch.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
P1.7 is low. Set P1.7 to drive low.
1
HIGH
P1.7 is high. Set P1.7 to drive or float high.
B6
1
6
RW
Port 1 Bit 6 Latch.
RW
Port 1 Bit 5 Latch.
RW
Port 1 Bit 4 Latch.
RW
Port 1 Bit 3 Latch.
RW
Port 1 Bit 2 Latch.
RW
Port 1 Bit 1 Latch.
RW
Port 1 Bit 0 Latch.
See bit 7 description
5
B5
1
See bit 7 description
4
B4
1
See bit 7 description
3
B3
1
See bit 7 description
2
B2
1
See bit 7 description
1
B1
1
See bit 7 description
0
B0
1
See bit 7 description
Writing this register sets the port latch logic value for the associated I/O pins configured as digital I/O.
Reading this register returns the logic value at the pin, regardless if it is configured as output or input.
Port 1 consists of 8 bits (P1.0-P1.7) on QFN32 and LQFP32 packages and 7 bits (P1.0-P1.6) on QFN24 packages.
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12.4.14 P1MDIN: Port 1 Input Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xF2
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
B7
1
RW
Port 1 Bit 7 Input Mode.
Value
Name
Description
0
ANALOG
P1.7 pin is configured for analog mode.
1
DIGITAL
P1.7 pin is configured for digital mode.
B6
1
6
RW
Port 1 Bit 6 Input Mode.
RW
Port 1 Bit 5 Input Mode.
RW
Port 1 Bit 4 Input Mode.
RW
Port 1 Bit 3 Input Mode.
RW
Port 1 Bit 2 Input Mode.
RW
Port 1 Bit 1 Input Mode.
RW
Port 1 Bit 0 Input Mode.
See bit 7 description
5
B5
1
See bit 7 description
4
B4
1
See bit 7 description
3
B3
1
See bit 7 description
2
B2
1
See bit 7 description
1
B1
1
See bit 7 description
0
B0
1
See bit 7 description
Port pins configured for analog mode have their weak pullup, digital driver, and digital receiver disabled.
Port 1 consists of 8 bits (P1.0-P1.7) on QFN32 and LQFP32 packages and 7 bits (P1.0-P1.6) on QFN24 packages.
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12.4.15 P1MDOUT: Port 1 Output Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xA5
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
B7
0
RW
Port 1 Bit 7 Output Mode.
Value
Name
Description
0
OPEN_DRAIN
P1.7 output is open-drain.
1
PUSH_PULL
P1.7 output is push-pull.
B6
0
RW
Port 1 Bit 6 Output Mode.
RW
Port 1 Bit 5 Output Mode.
RW
Port 1 Bit 4 Output Mode.
RW
Port 1 Bit 3 Output Mode.
RW
Port 1 Bit 2 Output Mode.
RW
Port 1 Bit 1 Output Mode.
RW
Port 1 Bit 0 Output Mode.
6
See bit 7 description
5
B5
0
See bit 7 description
4
B4
0
See bit 7 description
3
B3
0
See bit 7 description
2
B2
0
See bit 7 description
1
B1
0
See bit 7 description
0
B0
0
See bit 7 description
Port 1 consists of 8 bits (P1.0-P1.7) on QFN32 and LQFP32 packages and 7 bits (P1.0-P1.6) on QFN24 packages.
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12.4.16 P1SKIP: Port 1 Skip
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xD5
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
B7
0
RW
Port 1 Bit 7 Skip.
Value
Name
Description
0
NOT_SKIPPED
P1.7 pin is not skipped by the crossbar.
1
SKIPPED
P1.7 pin is skipped by the crossbar.
B6
0
6
RW
Port 1 Bit 6 Skip.
RW
Port 1 Bit 5 Skip.
RW
Port 1 Bit 4 Skip.
RW
Port 1 Bit 3 Skip.
RW
Port 1 Bit 2 Skip.
RW
Port 1 Bit 1 Skip.
RW
Port 1 Bit 0 Skip.
See bit 7 description
5
B5
0
See bit 7 description
4
B4
0
See bit 7 description
3
B3
0
See bit 7 description
2
B2
0
See bit 7 description
1
B1
0
See bit 7 description
0
B0
0
See bit 7 description
Port 1 consists of 8 bits (P1.0-P1.7) on QFN32 and LQFP32 packages and 7 bits (P1.0-P1.6) on QFN24 packages.
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12.4.17 P1DRV: Port 1 Drive Strength
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0xF; SFR Address: 0xA5
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
B7
0
RW
Port 1 Bit 7 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P1.7 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P1.7 output has high output drive strength.
B6
0
Port 1 Bit 6 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P1.6 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P1.6 output has high output drive strength.
B5
0
Port 1 Bit 5 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P1.5 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P1.5 output has high output drive strength.
B4
0
Port 1 Bit 4 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P1.4 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P1.4 output has high output drive strength.
B3
0
Port 1 Bit 3 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P1.3 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P1.3 output has high output drive strength.
B2
0
Port 1 Bit 2 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P1.2 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P1.2 output has high output drive strength.
B1
0
Port 1 Bit 1 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P1.1 output has low output drive strength.
6
5
4
3
2
1
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
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Bit
0
Name
Reset
Access
Description
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P1.1 output has high output drive strength.
B0
0
Port 1 Bit 0 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P1.0 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P1.0 output has high output drive strength.
RW
Port 1 consists of 8 bits (P1.0-P1.7) on QFN32 and LQFP32 packages and 7 bits (P1.0-P1.6) on QFN24 packages.
12.4.18 P2: Port 2 Pin Latch
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Reset
SFR Page = ALL; SFR Address: 0xA0 (bit-addressable)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
B7
1
RW
Port 2 Bit 7 Latch.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW
P2.7 is low. Set P2.7 to drive low.
1
HIGH
P2.7 is high. Set P2.7 to drive or float high.
B6
1
6
RW
Port 2 Bit 6 Latch.
RW
Port 2 Bit 5 Latch.
RW
Port 2 Bit 4 Latch.
RW
Port 2 Bit 3 Latch.
RW
Port 2 Bit 2 Latch.
RW
Port 2 Bit 1 Latch.
RW
Port 2 Bit 0 Latch.
See bit 7 description
5
B5
1
See bit 7 description
4
B4
1
See bit 7 description
3
B3
1
See bit 7 description
2
B2
1
See bit 7 description
1
B1
1
See bit 7 description
0
B0
1
See bit 7 description
Writing this register sets the port latch logic value for the associated I/O pins configured as digital I/O.
Reading this register returns the logic value at the pin, regardless if it is configured as output or input.
Port 2 consists of 8 bits (P2.0-P2.7) on QFN32 and LQFP32 packages and 1 bit (P2.7) on QFN24 packages.
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12.4.19 P2MDIN: Port 2 Input Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xF3
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
B7
1
RW
Port 2 Bit 7 Input Mode.
Value
Name
Description
0
ANALOG
P2.7 pin is configured for analog mode.
1
DIGITAL
P2.7 pin is configured for digital mode.
B6
1
6
RW
Port 2 Bit 6 Input Mode.
RW
Port 2 Bit 5 Input Mode.
RW
Port 2 Bit 4 Input Mode.
RW
Port 2 Bit 3 Input Mode.
RW
Port 2 Bit 2 Input Mode.
RW
Port 2 Bit 1 Input Mode.
RW
Port 2 Bit 0 Input Mode.
See bit 7 description
5
B5
1
See bit 7 description
4
B4
1
See bit 7 description
3
B3
1
See bit 7 description
2
B2
1
See bit 7 description
1
B1
1
See bit 7 description
0
B0
1
See bit 7 description
Port pins configured for analog mode have their weak pullup, digital driver, and digital receiver disabled.
Port 2 consists of 8 bits (P2.0-P2.7) on QFN32 and LQFP32 packages and 1 bit (P2.7) on QFN24 packages.
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12.4.20 P2MDOUT: Port 2 Output Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xA6
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
B7
0
RW
Port 2 Bit 7 Output Mode.
Value
Name
Description
0
OPEN_DRAIN
P2.7 output is open-drain.
1
PUSH_PULL
P2.7 output is push-pull.
B6
0
RW
Port 2 Bit 6 Output Mode.
RW
Port 2 Bit 5 Output Mode.
RW
Port 2 Bit 4 Output Mode.
RW
Port 2 Bit 3 Output Mode.
RW
Port 2 Bit 2 Output Mode.
RW
Port 2 Bit 1 Output Mode.
RW
Port 2 Bit 0 Output Mode.
6
See bit 7 description
5
B5
0
See bit 7 description
4
B4
0
See bit 7 description
3
B3
0
See bit 7 description
2
B2
0
See bit 7 description
1
B1
0
See bit 7 description
0
B0
0
See bit 7 description
Port 2 consists of 8 bits (P2.0-P2.7) on QFN32 and LQFP32 packages and 1 bit (P2.7) on QFN24 packages.
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12.4.21 P2SKIP: Port 2 Skip
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xD6
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
B7
0
RW
Port 2 Bit 7 Skip.
Value
Name
Description
0
NOT_SKIPPED
P2.7 pin is not skipped by the crossbar.
1
SKIPPED
P2.7 pin is skipped by the crossbar.
B6
0
6
RW
Port 2 Bit 6 Skip.
RW
Port 2 Bit 5 Skip.
RW
Port 2 Bit 4 Skip.
RW
Port 2 Bit 3 Skip.
RW
Port 2 Bit 2 Skip.
RW
Port 2 Bit 1 Skip.
RW
Port 2 Bit 0 Skip.
See bit 7 description
5
B5
0
See bit 7 description
4
B4
0
See bit 7 description
3
B3
0
See bit 7 description
2
B2
0
See bit 7 description
1
B1
0
See bit 7 description
0
B0
0
See bit 7 description
Port 2 consists of 8 bits (P2.0-P2.7) on QFN32 and LQFP32 packages and 1 bit (P2.7) on QFN24 packages.
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12.4.22 P2DRV: Port 2 Drive Strength
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0xF; SFR Address: 0xA6
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
B7
0
RW
Port 2 Bit 7 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P2.7 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P2.7 output has high output drive strength.
B6
0
Port 2 Bit 6 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P2.6 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P2.6 output has high output drive strength.
B5
0
Port 2 Bit 5 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P2.5 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P2.5 output has high output drive strength.
B4
0
Port 2 Bit 4 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P2.4 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P2.4 output has high output drive strength.
B3
0
Port 2 Bit 3 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P2.3 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P2.3 output has high output drive strength.
B2
0
Port 2 Bit 2 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P2.2 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P2.2 output has high output drive strength.
B1
0
Port 2 Bit 1 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P2.1 output has low output drive strength.
6
5
4
3
2
1
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
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Bit
0
Name
Reset
Access
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P2.1 output has high output drive strength.
B0
0
Port 2 Bit 0 Drive Strength.
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_DRIVE
P2.0 output has low output drive strength.
1
HIGH_DRIVE
P2.0 output has high output drive strength.
RW
Description
Port 2 consists of 8 bits (P2.0-P2.7) on QFN32 and LQFP32 packages and 1 bit (P2.7) on QFN24 packages.
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Port I/O, Crossbar, External Interrupts, and Port Match
12.5 INT0 and INT1 Control Registers
12.5.1 IT01CF: INT0/INT1 Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Name
IN1PL
IN1SL
IN0PL
IN0SL
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0x0
0
0x1
Reset
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xE4
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
IN1PL
0
RW
INT1 Polarity.
Value
Name
Description
0
ACTIVE_LOW
INT1 input is active low.
1
ACTIVE_HIGH
INT1 input is active high.
IN1SL
0x0
INT1 Port Pin Selection.
6:4
RW
These bits select which port pin is assigned to INT1. This pin assignment is independent of the Crossbar; INT1 will monitor
the assigned port pin without disturbing the peripheral that has been assigned the port pin via the Crossbar. The Crossbar
will not assign the port pin to a peripheral if it is configured to skip the selected pin.
3
2:0
Value
Name
Description
0x0
P0_0
Select P0.0.
0x1
P0_1
Select P0.1.
0x2
P0_2
Select P0.2.
0x3
P0_3
Select P0.3.
0x4
P0_4
Select P0.4.
0x5
P0_5
Select P0.5.
0x6
P0_6
Select P0.6.
0x7
P0_7
Select P0.7.
IN0PL
0
Value
Name
Description
0
ACTIVE_LOW
INT0 input is active low.
1
ACTIVE_HIGH
INT0 input is active high.
IN0SL
0x1
INT0 Port Pin Selection.
RW
RW
INT0 Polarity.
These bits select which port pin is assigned to INT0. This pin assignment is independent of the Crossbar; INT0 will monitor
the assigned port pin without disturbing the peripheral that has been assigned the port pin via the Crossbar. The Crossbar
will not assign the port pin to a peripheral if it is configured to skip the selected pin.
Value
Name
Description
0x0
P0_0
Select P0.0.
0x1
P0_1
Select P0.1.
0x2
P0_2
Select P0.2.
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Bit
Name
Reset
Access
0x3
P0_3
Select P0.3.
0x4
P0_4
Select P0.4.
0x5
P0_5
Select P0.5.
0x6
P0_6
Select P0.6.
0x7
P0_7
Select P0.7.
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Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
13. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
13.1 Introduction
The ADC is a successive-approximation-register (SAR) ADC with 10- and 8-bit modes, integrated track-and hold and a programmable
window detector. The ADC is fully configurable under software control via several registers. The ADC may be configured to measure
different signals using the analog multiplexer. The voltage reference for the ADC is selectable between internal and external reference
sources.
ADC0
Input Multiplexer
Selection
Control /
Configuration
Less
Than
External Pins
Window Compare
ADWINT
(Window Interrupt)
Accumulator
ADC0
SAR Analog to
Digital Converter
VDD
Greater
Than
GND
ADINT
(Interrupt Flag)
Internal LDO
Temp
Sensor
ADBUSY (On Demand)
Timer 0 Overflow
Timer 2 Overflow
Internal 1.65 V
Reference
Internal LDO
VDD
VREF
Timer 3 Overflow
CNVSTR (External Pin)
Trigger
Selection
Reference
Selection
Precision 1.68 V
Reference
SYSCLK
Clock
Divider
SAR clock
Figure 13.1. ADC Block Diagram
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Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
13.2 Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Up to 22 external inputs.
Single-ended 10-bit mode.
Supports an output update rate of 300 ksps samples per second.
Operation in low power modes at lower conversion speeds.
Asynchronous hardware conversion trigger, selectable between software, external I/O and internal timer sources.
Output data window comparator allows automatic range checking.
Support for burst mode, which produces one set of accumulated data per conversion-start trigger with programmable power-on settling and tracking time.
Conversion complete and window compare interrupts supported.
Flexible output data formatting.
Includes an internal 1.65 V fast-settling reference and support for external reference.
Integrated temperature sensor.
13.3 Functional Description
13.3.1 Clocking
The ADC is clocked by an adjustable conversion clock (SARCLK). SARCLK is a divided version of the selected system clock when
burst mode is disabled (ADBMEN = 0), or a divided version of the LPOSC0 oscillator when burst mode is enabled (ADBMEN = 1). The
clock divide value is determined by the AD0SC field. In most applications, SARCLK should be adjusted to operate as fast as possible,
without exceeding the maximum electrical specifications. The SARCLK does not directly determine sampling times or sampling rates.
13.3.2 Voltage Reference Options
The voltage reference multiplexer is configurable to use a number of different internal and external reference sources. The ground reference mux allows the ground reference for ADC0 to be selected between the ground pin (GND) or a port pin dedicated to analog
ground (AGND). The voltage and ground reference options are configured using the REF0CN register. The REFSL field selects between the different reference options, while GNDSL configures the ground connection.
13.3.2.1 Internal Voltage Reference
The high-speed internal reference is self-contained and stabilized. It is not routed to an external pin and requires no external decoupling. When selected, the internal reference will be automatically enabled/disabled on an as-needed basis by the ADC. The reference is
nominally 1.65 V.
13.3.2.2 Precision Voltage Reference
The precision voltage reference is nominally 1.68 V and routed to the VREF pin for decoupling purposes. The precision reference is
enabled by setting REFOE to 1. An external capacitor of at least 0.1 μF is recommended when using the precision voltage reference.
To use the reference in conjunction with the ADC, the REFSL field should be set to the VREF pin setting.
13.3.2.3 Supply or LDO Voltage Reference
For applications with a non-varying power supply voltage, using the power supply as the voltage reference can provide the ADC with
added dynamic range at the cost of reduced power supply noise rejection. Additionally, the internal 1.8 V LDO supply to the core may
be used as a reference. Neither of these reference sources are routed to the VREF pin, and do not require additional external decoupling.
13.3.2.4 External Voltage Reference
An external reference may be applied to the VREF pin. Bypass capacitors should be added as recommended by the manufacturer of
the external voltage reference. If the manufacturer does not provide recommendations, a 4.7 µF in parallel with a 0.1 µF capacitor is
recommended.
Note: The VREF pin is a multi-function GPIO pin. When using an external voltage reference, VREF should be configured as an analog
input and skipped by the crossbar.
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Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
13.3.2.5 Ground Reference
To prevent ground noise generated by switching digital logic from affecting sensitive analog measurements, a separate analog ground
reference option is available. When enabled, the ground reference for the ADC during both the tracking/sampling and the conversion
periods is taken from the AGND pin. Any external sensors sampled by the ADC should be referenced to the AGND pin. If an external
voltage reference is used, the AGND pin should be connected to the ground of the external reference and its associated decoupling
capacitor. The separate analog ground reference option is enabled by setting GNDSL to 1. Note that when sampling the internal temperature sensor, the internal chip ground is always used for the sampling operation, regardless of the setting of the GNDSL bit. Similarly, whenever the internal high-speed reference is selected, the internal chip ground is always used during the conversion period, regardless of the setting of the GNDSL bit.
Note: The AGND pin is a multi-function GPIO pin. When using AGND as the ground reference to the ADC, AGND should be configured
as an analog input and skipped by the crossbar.
13.3.3 Input Selection
The ADC has an analog multiplexer which allows selection of external pins, the on-chip temperature sensor, the internal regulated supply, the VDD supply, or GND. ADC input channels are selected using the ADC0MX register.
Note: Any port pins selected as ADC inputs should be configured as analog inputs in their associated port configuration register, and
configured to be skipped by the crossbar.
13.3.3.1 Multiplexer Channel Selection
Table 13.1. ADC0 Input Multiplexer Channels
ADC0MX setting Signal Name
Enumeration Name
QFP32 Pin
Name
QFN32 Pin
Name
QFN24 Pin
Name
00000
ADC0.0
ADC0P0
P0.0
P0.0
P0.0
00001
ADC0.1
ADC0P1
P0.1
P0.1
P0.1
00010
ADC0.2
ADC0P2
P0.2
P0.2
P0.2
00011
ADC0.3
ADC0P3
P0.3
P0.3
P0.3
00100
ADC0.4
ADC0P4
P0.4
P0.4
P0.4
00101
ADC0.5
ADC0P5
P0.5
P0.5
P0.5
00110
ADC0.6
ADC0P6
P0.6
P0.6
P0.6
00111
ADC0.7
ADC0P7
P0.7
P0.7
P0.7
01000
ADC0.8
ADC0P8
P1.0
P1.0
P1.0
01001
ADC0.9
ADC0P9
P1.1
P1.1
P1.1
01010
ADC0.10
ADC0P10
P1.2
P1.2
P1.2
01011
ADC0.11
ADC0P11
P1.3
P1.3
P1.3
01100
ADC0.12
ADC0P12
P1.4
P1.4
P1.4
01101
ADC0.13
ADC0P13
P1.5
P1.5
P1.5
01110
ADC0.14
ADC0P14
P1.6
P1.6
P1.6
01111
ADC0.15
ADC0P15
P1.7
P1.7
Reserved
10000
ADC0.16
ADC0P16
P2.0
P2.0
Reserved
10001
ADC0.17
ADC0P17
P2.1
P2.1
Reserved
10010
ADC0.18
ADC0P18
P2.2
P2.2
Reserved
10011
ADC0.19
ADC0P19
P2.3
P2.3
Reserved
10100
ADC0.20
ADC0P20
P2.4
P2.4
Reserved
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Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
ADC0MX setting Signal Name
Enumeration Name
QFP32 Pin
Name
QFN32 Pin
Name
QFN24 Pin
Name
10101
ADC0.21
ADC0P21
P2.5
P2.5
Reserved
10110
ADC0.22
ADC0P22
P2.6
P2.6
Reserved
10111 - 11010
ADC0.23 - ADC0.26
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
11011
ADC0.27
TEMP
11100
ADC0.28
VDD
11101
ADC0.29
LDO_OUT
11110
ADC0.30
VDD2
VDD Supply Pin
11111
ADC0.31
GND
GND Supply Pin
Internal Temperature Sensor
VDD Supply Pin
Internal 1.8 V LDO Output
13.3.4 Gain Setting
The ADC has gain settings of 1x and 0.5x. In 1x mode, the full scale reading of the ADC is determined directly by VREF. In 0.5x mode,
the full-scale reading of the ADC occurs when the input voltage is VREF x 2. The 0.5x gain setting can be useful to obtain a higher input
voltage range when using a small VREF voltage, or to measure input voltages that are between VREF and the supply voltage. Gain
settings for the ADC are controlled by the ADGN bit in register ADC0CF. Note that even with a gain setting of 0.5, voltages above the
supply rail cannot be measured directly by the ADC.
13.3.5 Initiating Conversions
A conversion can be initiated in many ways, depending on the programmed state of the ADCM bitfield. Conversions may be initiated by
one of the following:
1. Software-triggered—Writing a 1 to the ADBUSY bit initiates the conversion.
2. Hardware-triggered—An automatic internal event such as a timer overflow initiates the conversion.
3. External pin-triggered—A rising edge on the CNVSTR input signal initiates the conversion.
Writing a 1 to ADBUSY provides software control of ADC0 whereby conversions are performed "on-demand". All other trigger sources
occur autonomous to code execution. When the conversion is complete, the ADC posts the result to its output register and sets the
ADC interrupt flag (ADINT). ADINT may be used to trigger a system interrupts, if enabled, or polled by firmware.
During a conversion, the ADBUSY bit is set to logic 1 and reset to logic 0 when the conversion is complete. However, the ADBUSY bit
should not be used to poll for ADC conversion completion. The ADC0 interrupt flag (ADINT) should be used instead of the ADBUSY bit.
Converted data is available in the ADC0 data registers, ADC0H:ADC0L, when the conversion is complete.
Note: The CNVSTR pin is a multi-function GPIO pin. When the CNVSTR input is used as the ADC conversion source, the associated
port pin should be skipped in the crossbar settings.
13.3.6 Input Tracking
Each ADC conversion must be preceded by a minimum tracking time to allow the voltage on the sampling capacitor to settle, and for
the converted result to be accurate.
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Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
Settling Time Requirements
The absolute minimum tracking time is given in the electrical specifications tables. It may be necessary to track for longer than the minimum tracking time specification, depending on the application. For example, if the ADC input is presented with a large series impedance, it will take longer for the sampling cap to settle on the final value during the tracking phase. The exact amount of tracking time
required is a function of all series impedance (including the internal mux impedance and any external impedance sources), the sampling capacitance, and the desired accuracy.
MUX Select
Input
Channel
RMUX
CSAMPLE
RCInput= RMUX * CSAMPLE
Note: The value of CSAMPLE depends on the PGA gain. See the electrical specifications for details.
Figure 13.2. ADC Eqivalent Input Circuit
The required ADC0 settling time for a given settling accuracy (SA) may be approximated as follows:
t = ln
( )
2n
x RTOTAL x CSAMPLE
SA
Where: SA is the settling accuracy, given as a fraction of an LSB (for example, 0.25 to settle within 1/4 LSB)
t is the required settling time in seconds
RTOTAL is the sum of the ADC mux resistance and any external source resistance.
CSAMPLE is the size of the ADC sampling capacitor.
n is the ADC resolution in bits.
When measuring any internal source, RTOTAL reduces to RMUX. See the electrical specification tables in the datasheet for ADC minimum settling time requirements as well as the mux impedance and sampling capacitor values.
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Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
Configuring the Tracking Time
When burst mode is disabled, the ADTM bit controls the ADC track-and-hold mode. In its default state the ADC input is continuously
tracked, except when a conversion is in progress. A conversion will begin immediately when the start-of-conversion trigger occurs.
When the ADTM bit is logic 1, each conversion is preceded by a tracking period of 4 SAR clocks (after the start-of-conversion signal)
for any internal conversion trigger source. When the CNVSTR signal is used to initiate conversions with ADTM set to 1, ADC0 tracks
only when CNVSTR is low; conversion begins on the rising edge of CNVSTR. Setting ADTM to 1 is primarily useful when AMUX settings are frequently changed and conversions are started using the ADBUSY bit.
A. ADC0 Timing for External Trigger Source
CNVSTR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
SAR Clocks
ADTM = 1
ADTM = 0
Low Power
or Convert
Track
Track or Convert
Convert
Low Power
Mode
Convert
Track
B. ADC0 Timing for Internal Trigger Source
Write '1' to ADBUSY,
Timer Overflow
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
SAR
Clocks
ADTM = 1
Low Power
or Convert
Convert
Low Power Mode
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
SAR
Clocks
ADTM = 0
Track
Track or
Convert
Convert
Track
Figure 13.3. Track and Conversion Example Timing (Normal, Non-Burst Operation)
When burst mode is enabled, additional tracking times may need to be specified. Because burst mode may power the ADC on from an
unpowered state and take multiple conversions for each start-of-conversion source, two additional timing fields are provided. If the ADC
is powered down when the burst sequence begins, it will automatically power up and wait for the time specified in the ADPWR bit field.
If the ADC is already powered on, tracking depends solely on ADTM for the first conversion. The ADTK field determines the amount of
tracking time given to any subsequent samples in burst mode—essentially, ADTK specifies how long the ADC will wait between burtmode conversions. If ADTM is set, an additional 4 SAR clocks will be added to the tracking phase of all conversions in burst mode.
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Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
Figure 13.4. Burst Mode Timing
Convert Start
ADTM = 1
ADEN = 0
Powered
Down
Power-Up
and Track
T
T
T
T
C T
C T
C T
C
4
4
4
4
ADTM = 0
ADEN = 0
Powered
Down
Power-Up
and Track
C T C T C T C
ADPWR
Powered
Down
Powered
Down
Power-Up
and Track
T C..
Power-Up
and Track
T C..
ADTK
T = Tracking set by ADTK
T4 = Tracking set by ADTM (4 SAR clocks)
C = Converting
13.3.7 Burst Mode
Burst mode is a power saving feature that allows the ADC to remain in a low power state between conversions. When burst mode is
enabled, the ADC wakes from a low power state, accumulates 1, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 samples using the internal low-power high-frequency oscillator, then re-enters a low power state. Since the burst mode clock is independent of the system clock, the ADC can perform
multiple conversions then enter a low power state within a single system clock cycle, even if the system clock is running from a slow
oscillator.
Note: When using burst mode, care must be taken to issue a convert start signal no faster than once every four SYSCLK periods. This
includes external convert start signals. The ADC will ignore convert start signals which arrive before a burst is finished.
Burst mode is enabled by setting ADBMEN to logic 1. When in burst mode, ADEN controls the ADC idle power state (i.e., the state the
ADC enters when not tracking or performing conversions). If ADEN is set to logic 0, the ADC is powered down after each burst. If ADEN is set to logic 1, the ADC remains enabled after each burst. On each convert start signal, the ADC is awakened from its idle power
state. If the ADC is powered down, it will automatically power up and wait for the amount of time programmed to the ADPWR bits before performing a conversion. Otherwise, the ADC will start tracking and converting immediately.
When burst mode is enabled, a single convert start will initiate a number of conversions equal to the repeat count. When burst mode is
disabled, a convert start is required to initiate each conversion. In both modes, the ADC end of conversion interrupt flag (ADINT) will be
set after “repeat count” conversions have been accumulated. Similarly, the window comparator will not compare the result to the greater-than and less-than registers until “repeat count” conversions have been accumulated.
13.3.8 8-Bit Mode
Setting the AD8BE bit to 1 will put the ADC in 8-bit mode. In 8-bit mode, only the 8 MSBs of data are converted, allowing the conversion
to be completed in fewer SAR clock cycles than a 10-bit conversion. The two LSBs of a conversion are always 00 in this mode, and the
ADC0L register will always read back 0x00.
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Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
13.3.9 Output Formatting
The registers ADC0H and ADC0L contain the high and low bytes of the output conversion code from the ADC at the completion of each
conversion. Data can be right-justified or left-justified, depending on the setting of the ADSJST field. When the repeat count is set to 1
in 10-bit mode, conversion codes are represented as 10-bit unsigned integers. Inputs are measured from 0 to VREF x 1023/1024. Example codes are shown below for both right-justified and left-justified data. Unused bits in the ADC0H and ADC0L registers are set to 0.
Table 13.2. 10-Bit Output Code Example
Input Voltage
Right-Justified (ADSJST = 000)
Left-Justified (ADSJST = 100)
ADC0H:L
ADC0H:L
VREF x 1023/1024
0x03FF
0xFFC0
VREF x 512/1024
0x0200
0x8000
VREF x 256/1024
0x0100
0x4000
0
0x0000
0x0000
When the repeat count is greater than 1, the output conversion code represents the accumulated result of the conversions performed
and is updated after the last conversion in the series is finished. Sets of 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 consecutive samples can be accumulated
and represented in unsigned integer format. The repeat count can be selected using the ADRPT bit field. When a repeat count is higher
than 1, the ADC output must be right-justified (ADSJST = 0xx); unused bits in the ADC0H and ADC0L registers are set to 0. The example below shows the right-justified result for various input voltages and repeat counts. Notice that accumulating 2n samples is equivalent to left-shifting by n bit positions when all samples returned from the ADC have the same value.
Table 13.3. Effects of ADRPT on Output Code
Input Voltage
Repeat Count = 4
Repeat Count = 16
Repeat Count = 64
VREF x 1023/1024
0x0FFC
0x3FF0
0xFFC0
VREF x 512/1024
0x0800
0x2000
0x8000
VREF x 511/1024
0x07FC
0x1FF0
0x7FC0
0
0x0000
0x0000
0x0000
Additionally, the ADSJST bit field can be used to format the contents of the 16-bit accumulator. The accumulated result can be shifted
right by 1, 2, or 3 bit positions. Based on the principles of oversampling and averaging, the effective ADC resolution increases by 1 bit
each time the oversampling rate is increased by a factor of 4. The example below shows how to increase the effective ADC resolution
by 1, 2, and 3 bits to obtain an effective ADC resolution of 11- bit, 12-bit, or 13-bit respectively without CPU intervention.
Table 13.4. Using ADSJST for Output Formatting
Input Voltage
Repeat Count = 4
Repeat Count = 16
Repeat Count = 64
Shift Right = 1
Shift Right = 2
Shift Right = 3
11-Bit Result
12-Bit Result
12-Bit Result
VREF x 1023/1024
0x07F7
0x0FFC
0x1FF8
VREF x 512/1024
0x0400
0x0800
0x1000
VREF x 511/1024
0x03FE
0x04FC
0x0FF8
0
0x0000
0x0000
0x0000
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Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
13.3.10 Window Comparator
The ADC's programmable window detector continuously compares the ADC output registers to user-programmed limits, and notifies the
system when a desired condition is detected. This is especially effective in an interrupt driven system, saving code space and CPU
bandwidth while delivering faster system response times. The window detector interrupt flag (ADWINT) can also be used in polled
mode. The ADC Greater-Than (ADC0GTH, ADC0GTL) and Less-Than (ADC0LTH, ADC0LTL) registers hold the comparison values.
The window detector flag can be programmed to indicate when measured data is inside or outside of the user-programmed limits, depending on the contents of the ADC0GT and ADC0LT registers. The following tables show how the ADC0GT and ADC0LT registers
may be configured to set the ADWINT flag when the ADC output code is above, below, beween, or outside of specific values.
Table 13.5. ADC Window Comparator Example (Above 0x0080)
Comparison Register Settings
Output Code (ADC0H:L)
ADWINT Effects
0x03FF
ADWINT = 1
...
0x0081
ADC0GTH:L = 0x0080
0x0080
ADWINT Not Affected
0x007F
...
0x0001
ADC0LTH:L = 0x0000
0x0000
Table 13.6. ADC Window Comparator Example (Below 0x0040)
Comparison Register Settings
Output Code (ADC0H:L)
ADWINT Effects
ADC0GTH:L = 0x03FF
0x03FF
ADWINT Not Affected
0x03FE
...
0x0041
ADC0LTH:L = 0x0040
0x0040
0x003F
ADWINT = 1
...
0x0000
Table 13.7. ADC Window Comparator Example (Between 0x0040 and 0x0080)
Comparison Register Settings
Output Code (ADC0H:L)
ADWINT Effects
0x03FF
ADWINT Not Affected
...
0x0081
ADC0LTH:L = 0x0080
0x0080
0x007F
ADWINT = 1
...
0x0041
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Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
Comparison Register Settings
Output Code (ADC0H:L)
ADWINT Effects
ADC0GTH:L = 0x0040
0x0040
ADWINT Not Affected
0x003F
...
0x0000
Table 13.8. ADC Window Comparator Example (Outside the 0x0040 to 0x0080 range)
Comparison Register Settings
Output Code (ADC0H:L)
ADWINT Effects
0x03FF
ADWINT = 1
...
0x0081
ADC0GTH:L = 0x0080
0x0080
ADWINT Not Affected
0x007F
...
0x0041
ADC0LTH:L = 0x0040
0x0040
0x003F
ADWINT = 1
...
0x0000
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Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
13.3.11 Temperature Sensor
An on-chip analog temperature sensor is available to the ADC multiplexer input. To use the ADC to measure the temperature sensor,
the ADC mux channel should select the temperature sensor. The temperature sensor transfer function is shown in Figure 13.5 Temperature Sensor Transfer Function on page 136. The output voltage (VTEMP) is the positive ADC input when the ADC multiplexer is set
correctly. The TEMPE bit in register REF0CN enables/ disables the temperature sensor. While disabled, the temperature sensor defaults to a high impedance state and any ADC measurements performed on the sensor will result in meaningless data. Refer to the
electrical specification tables for the slope and offset parameters of the temperature sensor.
V TEMP = (
Slope x Temp C ) + Offset
Temp C = ( V TEMP -
Offset ) / Slope
Voltage
Slope (V / deg C)
Offset (V at 0 deg Celsius)
Temperature
Figure 13.5. Temperature Sensor Transfer Function
13.3.11.1 Temperature Sensor Calibration
The uncalibrated temperature sensor output is extremely linear and suitable for relative temperature measurements. For absolute temperature measurements, offset and/or gain calibration is recommended. Typically a 1-point (offset) calibration includes the following
steps:
1. Control/measure the ambient temperature (this temperature must be known).
2. Power the device, and delay for a few seconds to allow for self-heating.
3. Perform an ADC conversion with the temperature sensor selected as the ADC input.
4. Calculate the offset characteristics, and store this value in non-volatile memory for use with subsequent temperature sensor measurements.
Although more precision can be obtained by calibrating the temperature sensor in the end system, a single-point offset measurement of
the temperature sensor is performed on each device during production test. The measurement is performed at 25 °C ±5 °C, using the
ADC with the internal high speed reference buffer selected as the Voltage Reference. The direct ADC result of this measurement is
stored in the SFR registers TOFFH and TOFFL
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Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
13.4 ADC0 Control Registers
13.4.1 ADC0CN0: ADC0 Control 0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
ADEN
ADBMEN
ADINT
ADBUSY
ADWINT
ADCM
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0x0
Reset
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xE8 (bit-addressable)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
ADEN
0
RW
ADC Enable.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable ADC0 (low-power shutdown).
1
ENABLED
Enable ADC0 (active and ready for data conversions).
ADBMEN
0
Value
Name
Description
0
BURST_DISABLED
Disable ADC0 burst mode.
1
BURST_ENABLED
Enable ADC0 burst mode.
ADINT
0
Conversion Complete Interrupt Flag.
6
5
RW
RW
Burst Mode Enable.
Set by hardware upon completion of a data conversion (ADBMEN=0), or a burst of conversions (ADBMEN=1). Can trigger
an interrupt. Must be cleared by firmware.
4
ADBUSY
0
RW
ADC Busy.
Writing 1 to this bit initiates an ADC conversion when ADCM = 000. This bit should not be polled to indicate when a conversion is complete. Instead, the ADINT bit should be used when polling for conversion completion.
3
ADWINT
0
RW
Window Compare Interrupt Flag.
Set by hardware when the contents of ADC0H:ADC0L fall within the window specified by ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL and
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL. Can trigger an interrupt. Must be cleared by firmware.
2:0
ADCM
0x0
RW
Start of Conversion Mode Select.
Specifies the ADC0 start of conversion source. All remaining bit combinations are reserved.
Value
Name
Description
0x0
ADBUSY
ADC0 conversion initiated on write of 1 to ADBUSY.
0x1
TIMER0
ADC0 conversion initiated on overflow of Timer 0.
0x2
TIMER2
ADC0 conversion initiated on overflow of Timer 2.
0x3
TIMER3
ADC0 conversion initiated on overflow of Timer 3.
0x4
CNVSTR
ADC0 conversion initiated on rising edge of CNVSTR.
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Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
13.4.2 ADC0CF: ADC0 Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
ADSC
AD8BE
ADTM
ADGN
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
Reset
0x1F
0
0
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xBC
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:3
ADSC
0x1F
RW
SAR Clock Divider.
This field sets the ADC clock divider value. It should be configured to be as close to the maximum SAR clock speed as the
datasheet will allow. The SAR clock frequency is given by the following equation:
Fclksar = (Fadcclk) / (ADSC + 1)
FADCCLK is equal to the selected SYSCLK when ADBMEN is 0 and the high-frequency oscillator when ADBMEN is 1.
2
1
AD8BE
0
RW
Value
Name
Description
0
NORMAL
ADC0 operates in 10-bit mode (normal operation).
1
8_BIT
ADC0 operates in 8-bit mode.
ADTM
0
RW
8-Bit Mode Enable.
Track Mode.
Selects between Normal or Delayed Tracking Modes.
0
Value
Name
Description
0
TRACK_NORMAL
Normal Track Mode. When ADC0 is enabled, conversion begins immediately following the start-of-conversion signal.
1
TRACK_DELAYED
Delayed Track Mode. When ADC0 is enabled, conversion begins 3 SAR clock cycles following the start-of-conversion signal. The ADC is allowed to track during
this time.
ADGN
0
Gain Control.
Value
Name
Description
0
GAIN_0P5
The on-chip PGA gain is 0.5.
1
GAIN_1
The on-chip PGA gain is 1.
RW
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Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
13.4.3 ADC0AC: ADC0 Accumulator Configuration
Bit
7
6
Name
Reserved
ADAE
ADSJST
ADRPT
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0x0
0x0
Reset
5
4
3
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xBA
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
7
Reserved
Must write reset value.
6
ADAE
0
RW
Description
Accumulate Enable.
Enables multiple conversions to be accumulated when burst mode is disabled.
5:3
Value
Name
Description
0
ACC_DISABLED
ADC0H:ADC0L contain the result of the latest conversion when Burst Mode is
disabled.
1
ACC_ENABLED
ADC0H:ADC0L contain the accumulated conversion results when Burst Mode is
disabled. Firmware must write 0x0000 to ADC0H:ADC0L to clear the accumulated result.
ADSJST
0x0
Accumulator Shift and Justify.
RW
Specifies the format of data read from ADC0H:ADC0L. All remaining bit combinations are reserved.
2:0
Value
Name
Description
0x0
RIGHT_NO_SHIFT
Right justified. No shifting applied.
0x1
RIGHT_SHIFT_1
Right justified. Shifted right by 1 bit.
0x2
RIGHT_SHIFT_2
Right justified. Shifted right by 2 bits.
0x3
RIGHT_SHIFT_3
Right justified. Shifted right by 3 bits.
0x4
LEFT_NO_SHIFT
Left justified. No shifting applied.
ADRPT
0x0
Repeat Count.
RW
Selects the number of conversions to perform and accumulate in Burst Mode. This bit field must be set to 000 if Burst Mode
is disabled.
Value
Name
Description
0x0
ACC_1
Perform and Accumulate 1 conversion.
0x1
ACC_4
Perform and Accumulate 4 conversions.
0x2
ACC_8
Perform and Accumulate 8 conversions.
0x3
ACC_16
Perform and Accumulate 16 conversions.
0x4
ACC_32
Perform and Accumulate 32 conversions.
0x5
ACC_64
Perform and Accumulate 64 conversions.
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Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
13.4.4 ADC0PWR: ADC0 Power Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Name
Reserved
ADPWR
Access
RW
RW
Reset
0x0
0xF
0
SFR Page = 0xF; SFR Address: 0xBA
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
7:4
Reserved
Must write reset value.
3:0
ADPWR
0xF
Description
RW
Burst Mode Power Up Time.
This field sets the time delay allowed for the ADC to power up from a low power state. When ADTM is set, an additional 3
SARCLKs are added to this time.
Tpwrtime = (8 * ADPWR) / (Fhfosc)
13.4.5 ADC0TK: ADC0 Burst Mode Track Time
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Name
Reserved
ADTK
Access
R
RW
0x0
0x1E
Reset
1
0
SFR Page = 0xF; SFR Address: 0xBD
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
7:6
Reserved
Must write reset value.
5:0
ADTK
0x1E
Description
RW
Burst Mode Tracking Time.
This field sets the time delay between consecutive conversions performed in Burst Mode. When ADTM is set, an additional
3 SARCLKs are added to this time.
Tbmtk = (64 - ADTK) / (Fhfosc)
The Burst Mode track delay is not inserted prior to the first conversion. The required tracking time for the first conversion
should be defined with the ADPWR field.
13.4.6 ADC0H: ADC0 Data Word High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
ADC0H
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xBE
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
ADC0H
0x00
RW
Data Word High Byte.
When read, this register returns the most significant byte of the 16-bit ADC0 accumulator, formatted according to the settings in ADSJST. The register may also be written, to set the upper byte of the 16-bit ADC0 accumulator.
If Accumulator shifting is enabled, the most significant bits of the value read will be zeros.
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Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
13.4.7 ADC0L: ADC0 Data Word Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
ADC0L
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xBD
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
ADC0L
0x00
RW
Data Word Low Byte.
When read, this register returns the least significant byte of the 16-bit ADC0 accumulator, formatted according to the settings in ADSJST. The register may also be written, to set the lower byte of the 16-bit ADC0 accumulator.
If Accumulator shifting is enabled, the most significant bits of the value read will be zeros.
13.4.8 ADC0GTH: ADC0 Greater-Than High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
ADC0GTH
Access
RW
Reset
2
1
0
2
1
0
0xFF
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xC4
Bit
Name
Reset
7:0
ADC0GTH 0xFF
Access
Description
RW
Greater-Than High Byte.
Most significant byte of the 16-bit greater-than window compare register.
13.4.9 ADC0GTL: ADC0 Greater-Than Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
ADC0GTL
Access
RW
Reset
0xFF
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xC3
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
ADC0GTL
0xFF
RW
Greater-Than Low Byte.
Least significant byte of the 16-bit greater-than window compare register.
In 8-bit mode, this register should be set to 0x00.
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Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
13.4.10 ADC0LTH: ADC0 Less-Than High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
ADC0LTH
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xC6
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
ADC0LTH
0x00
RW
Less-Than High Byte.
Most significant byte of the 16-bit less-than window compare register.
13.4.11 ADC0LTL: ADC0 Less-Than Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
ADC0LTL
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xC5
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
ADC0LTL
0x00
RW
Less-Than Low Byte.
Least significant byte of the 16-bit less-than window compare register.
In 8-bit mode, this register should be set to 0x00.
13.4.12 ADC0MX: ADC0 Multiplexer Selection
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
Reserved
ADC0MX
Access
R
RW
0x0
0x1F
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xBB
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
7:5
Reserved
Must write reset value.
4:0
ADC0MX
0x1F
RW
Description
AMUX0 Positive Input Selection.
Selects the positive input channel for ADC0. For reserved bit combinations, no input is selected.
Before switching the ADC multiplexer from another channel to the temperature sensor, the ADC mux should select the Ground channel as an intermediate step. The intermediate Ground channel selection step will discharge any voltage on the ADC sampling capacitor from the previous channel selection. This will prevent the possibility of a high voltage (> 2 V) being presented to the temperature
sensor circuit, which can otherwise impact its long-term reliability.
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Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
13.4.13 REF0CN: Voltage Reference Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
Reserved
GNDSL
REFSL
TEMPE
Reserved
REFOE
Access
R
RW
RW
RW
R
RW
0x0
0
0x3
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xD1
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
7:6
Reserved
Must write reset value.
5
GNDSL
0
RW
Description
Analog Ground Reference.
Selects the ADC0 ground reference.
4:3
Value
Name
Description
0
GND_PIN
The ADC0 ground reference is the GND pin.
1
AGND_PIN
The ADC0 ground reference is the P0.1/AGND pin.
REFSL
0x3
RW
Voltage Reference Select.
Selects the ADC0 voltage reference.
2
Value
Name
Description
0x0
VREF_PIN
The ADC0 voltage reference is the P0.0/VREF pin.
0x1
VDD_PIN
The ADC0 voltage reference is the VDD pin.
0x2
INTERNAL_LDO
The ADC0 voltage reference is the internal 1.8 V digital supply voltage.
0x3
HIGH_SPEED_VREF
The ADC0 voltage reference is the internal 1.65 V high speed voltage reference.
TEMPE
0
Temperature Sensor Enable.
RW
Enables/Disables the internal temperature sensor.
Value
Name
Description
0
TEMP_DISABLED
Disable the Temperature Sensor.
1
TEMP_ENABLED
Enable the Temperature Sensor.
1
Reserved
Must write reset value.
0
REFOE
0
RW
Internal Voltage Reference Output Enable.
Connects/Disconnects the internal voltage reference to the VREF pin.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Internal 1.68 V Precision Voltage Reference disabled and not connected to
VREF.
1
ENABLED
Internal 1.68 V Precision Voltage Reference enabled and connected to VREF.
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Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
13.4.14 TOFFH: Temperature Sensor Offset High
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
TOFF
Access
R
Reset
2
1
0
2
1
0
Varies
SFR Page = 0xF; SFR Address: 0x86
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
TOFF
Varies
R
Temperature Sensor Offset High.
Most Significant Bits of the 10-bit temperature sensor offset measurement.
13.4.15 TOFFL: Temperature Sensor Offset Low
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
TOFF
Reserved
Access
R
R
Varies
0x00
Reset
SFR Page = 0xF; SFR Address: 0x85
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:6
TOFF
Varies
R
Temperature Sensor Offset Low.
Least Significant Bits of the 10-bit temperature sensor offset measurement.
5:0
Reserved
Must write reset value.
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Programmable Current Reference (IREF0)
14. Programmable Current Reference (IREF0)
14.1 Introduction
The programmable current reference (IREF0) module enables current source or sink with two output current settings: Low Power Mode
and High Current Mode. The maximum current output in Low Power Mode is 63 µA (1 µA steps) and the maximum current output in
High Current Mode is 504 µA (8 µA steps).
IREF0
Current
Direction
Mode
Current Reference
IREF0
Data Output
Figure 14.1. IREF Block Diagram
14.2 Features
The IREF module includes the following features:
• Capable of sourcing or sinking current in programmable steps.
• Two operational modes: Low Power Mode and High Current Mode.
14.3 Functional Description
14.3.1 Overview
The programmable current reference (IREF0) generates a current output in either source or sink mode. Each mode has two output
current settings: Low Power Mode and High Current Mode. The maximum current output in Low Power Mode is 63 µA (1 µA steps) and
the maximum current output in High Current Mode is 504 µA (8 µA steps). The port I/O pin associated with the IREF0 output should be
configured as an analog input and skipped in the crossbar.
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Programmable Current Reference (IREF0)
14.4 IREF0 Control Registers
14.4.1 IREF0CN0: Current Reference Control 0
Bit
7
6
Name
SINK
MDSEL
IREF0DAT
Access
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0x00
Reset
5
4
3
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xB9
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
SINK
0
RW
IREF0 Current Sink Enable.
Selects if IREF0 is a current source or a current sink.
6
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
IREF0 is a current source.
1
ENABLED
IREF0 is a current sink.
MDSEL
0
RW
IREF0 Output Mode Select.
Selects Low Power or High Current Mode.
5:0
Value
Name
Description
0
LOW_POWER
Low Current Mode is selected (step size = 1 uA).
1
HIGH_CURRENT
High Current Mode is selected (step size = 8 uA).
IREF0DAT 0x00
RW
IREF0 Data Word.
Specifies the number of steps required to achieve the desired output current.
Output current = direction x step size x IREF0DAT.
IREF0 is in a low power state when IREF0DAT is set to 0x00.
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Comparators (CMP0 and CMP1)
15. Comparators (CMP0 and CMP1)
15.1 Introduction
Analog comparators are used to compare the voltage of two analog inputs, with a digital output indicating which input voltage is higher.
External input connections to device I/O pins and internal connections are available through separate multiplexers on the positive and
negative inputs. Hysteresis, response time, and current consumption may be programmed to suit the specific needs of the application.
CMPn
Positive Input
Selection
Programmable
Hysteresis
Port Pins
Internal LDO
CPnA
(asynchronous)
CMPn+
CPn
(synchronous)
CMPn-
D
Q
SYSCLK
Port Pins
Q
GND
Negative Input
Selection
Programmable
Response Time
Figure 15.1. Comparator Block Diagram
15.2 Features
The comparator module includes the following features:
• Up to 12 external positive inputs.
• Up to 11 external negative inputs.
• Additional input options:
• Capacitive Sense Comparator output.
• VDD.
• VDD divided by 2.
• Internal connection to LDO output.
• Direct connection to GND.
• Synchronous and asynchronous outputs can be routed to pins via crossbar.
• Programmable hysteresis between 0 and +/-20 mV.
• Programmable response time.
• Interrupts generated on rising, falling, or both edges.
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Comparators (CMP0 and CMP1)
15.3 Functional Description
15.3.1 Response Time and Supply Current
Response time is the amount of time delay between a change at the comparator inputs and the comparator's reaction at the output.
The comparator response time may be configured in software via the CPMD field in the CMPnMD register. Selecting a longer response
time reduces the comparator supply current, while shorter response times require more supply current.
15.3.2 Hysteresis
The comparator hysteresis is software-programmable via its Comparator Control register CMPnCN. The user can program both the
amount of hysteresis voltage (referred to the input voltage) and the positive and negative-going symmetry of this hysteresis around the
threshold voltage.
The comparator hysteresis is programmable using the CPHYN and CPHYP fields in the Comparator Control Register CMPnCN. The
amount of negative hysteresis voltage is determined by the settings of the CPHYN bits. Settings of 20, 10, or 5 mV (nominal) of negative hysteresis can be programmed, or negative hysteresis can be disabled. In a similar way, the amount of positive hysteresis is determined by the setting the CPHYP bits.
Positive programmable
hysteresis (CPHYP)
CPnCPn+
Negative programmable
hysteresis (CPHYN)
CP0 (out)
Figure 15.2. Comparator Hysteresis Plot
15.3.3 Input Selection
Comparator inputs may be routed to port I/O pins or internal signals. When connected externally, the comparator inputs can be driven
from –0.25 V to (VDD) +0.25 V without damage or upset. The CMPnMX register selects the inputs for the associated comparator. The
CMXP field selects the comparator’s positive input (CPnP.x) and the CMXN field selects the comparator’s negative input (CPnN.x).
Note: Any port pins selected as comparator inputs should be configured as analog inputs in their associated port configuration register,
and configured to be skipped by the crossbar.
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Comparators (CMP0 and CMP1)
15.3.3.1 Multiplexer Channel Selection
Table 15.1. CMP0 Positive Input Multiplexer Channels
CMXP Setting in Signal Name
Register
CMP0MX
Enumeration Name
QFP32 Pin
Name
QFN32 Pin
Name
QFN24 Pin
Name
0000
CMP0P.0
CMP0P0
P0.0
P0.0
P0.0
0001
CMP0P.1
CMP0P1
P0.2
P0.2
P0.2
0010
CMP0P.2
CMP0P2
P0.4
P0.4
P0.4
0011
CMP0P.3
CMP0P3
P0.6
P0.6
P0.6
0100
CMP0P.4
CMP0P4
P1.0
P1.0
P1.0
0101
CMP0P.5
CMP0P5
P1.2
P1.2
P1.2
0110
CMP0P.6
CMP0P6
P1.4
P1.4
P1.4
0111
CMP0P.7
CMP0P7
P1.6
P1.6
P1.6
1000
CMP0P.8
CMP0P8
P2.0
P2.0
Reserved
1001
CMP0P.9
CMP0P9
P2.2
P2.2
Reserved
1010
CMP0P.10
CMP0P10
P2.4
P2.4
Reserved
1011
CMP0P.11
CMP0P11
P2.6
P2.6
Reserved
1100
CMP0P.12
CS_COMPARE
1101
CMP0P.13
VDD_DIV_2
1110
CMP0P.14
VDD
VDD Supply Voltage
1111
CMP0P.15
VDD2
VDD Supply Voltage
Capacitive Sense Compare
VDD divided by 2
Table 15.2. CMP0 Negative Input Multiplexer Channels
CMXN Setting in Signal Name
Register
CMP0MX
Enumeration Name
QFP32 Pin
Name
QFN32 Pin
Name
QFN24 Pin
Name
0000
CMP0N.0
CMP0N0
P0.1
P0.1
P0.1
0001
CMP0N.1
CMP0N1
P0.3
P0.3
P0.3
0010
CMP0N.2
CMP0N2
P0.5
P0.5
P0.5
0011
CMP0N.3
CMP0N3
P0.7
P0.7
P0.7
0100
CMP0N.4
CMP0N4
P1.1
P1.1
P1.1
0101
CMP0N.5
CMP0N5
P1.3
P1.3
P1.3
0110
CMP0N.6
CMP0N6
P1.5
P1.5
P1.5
0111
CMP0N.7
CMP0N7
P1.7
P1.7
Reserved
1000
CMP0N.8
CMP0N8
P2.1
P2.1
Reserved
1001
CMP0N.9
CMP0N9
P2.3
P2.3
Reserved
1010
CMP0N.10
CMP0N10
P2.5
P2.5
Reserved
1011
CMP0N.11
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
1100
CMP0N.12
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Comparators (CMP0 and CMP1)
CMXN Setting in Signal Name
Register
CMP0MX
Enumeration Name
1101
CMP0N.13
VDD_DIV_2
1110
CMP0N.14
LDO_OUT
1111
CMP0N.15
GND
QFP32 Pin
Name
QFN32 Pin
Name
QFN24 Pin
Name
VDD divided by 2
Internal 1.8V LDO output
Ground
Table 15.3. CMP1 Positive Input Multiplexer Channels
CMXP Setting in Signal Name
Register
CMP1MX
Enumeration Name
QFP32 Pin
Name
QFN32 Pin
Name
QFN24 Pin
Name
0000
CMP1P.0
CMP1P0
P0.0
P0.0
P0.0
0001
CMP1P.1
CMP1P1
P0.2
P0.2
P0.2
0010
CMP1P.2
CMP1P2
P0.4
P0.4
P0.4
0011
CMP1P.3
CMP1P3
P0.6
P0.6
P0.6
0100
CMP1P.4
CMP1P4
P1.0
P1.0
P1.0
0101
CMP1P.5
CMP1P5
P1.2
P1.2
P1.2
0110
CMP1P.6
CMP1P6
P1.4
P1.4
P1.4
0111
CMP1P.7
CMP1P7
P1.6
P1.6
P1.6
1000
CMP1P.8
CMP1P8
P2.0
P2.0
Reserved
1001
CMP1P.9
CMP1P9
P2.2
P2.2
Reserved
1010
CMP1P.10
CMP1P10
P2.4
P2.4
Reserved
1011
CMP1P.11
CMP1P11
P2.6
P2.6
Reserved
1100
CMP1P.12
CS_COMPARE
1101
CMP1P.13
VDD_DIV_2
1110
CMP1P.14
VDD2
VDD Supply Voltage
1111
CMP1P.15
VDD
VDD Supply Voltage
Capacitive Sense Compare
VDD divided by 2
Table 15.4. CMP1 Negative Input Multiplexer Channels
CMXN Setting in Signal Name
Register
CMP1MX
Enumeration Name
QFP32 Pin
Name
QFN32 Pin
Name
QFN24 Pin
Name
0000
CMP1N.0
CMP1N0
P0.1
P0.1
P0.1
0001
CMP1N.1
CMP1N1
P0.3
P0.3
P0.3
0010
CMP1N.2
CMP1N2
P0.5
P0.5
P0.5
0011
CMP1N.3
CMP1N3
P0.7
P0.7
P0.7
0100
CMP1N.4
CMP1N4
P1.1
P1.1
P1.1
0101
CMP1N.5
CMP1N5
P1.3
P1.3
P1.3
0110
CMP1N.6
CMP1N6
P1.5
P1.5
P1.5
0111
CMP1N.7
CMP1N7
P1.7
P1.7
Reserved
1000
CMP1N.8
CMP1N8
P2.1
P2.1
Reserved
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Comparators (CMP0 and CMP1)
CMXN Setting in Signal Name
Register
CMP1MX
Enumeration Name
QFP32 Pin
Name
QFN32 Pin
Name
QFN24 Pin
Name
1001
CMP1N.9
CMP1N9
P2.3
P2.3
Reserved
1010
CMP1N.10
CMP1N10
P2.5
P2.5
Reserved
1011
CMP1N.11
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
1100
CMP1N.12
CS_COMPARE
1101
CMP1N.13
VDD_DIV_2
1110
CMP1N.14
LDO_OUT
1111
CMP1N.15
GND
Capacitive Sense Compare
VDD divided by 2
Internal 1.8V LDO output
Ground
15.3.4 Output Routing
The comparator’s synchronous and asynchronous outputs can optionally be routed to port I/O pins through the port I/O crossbar. The
output of either comparator may be configured to generate a system interrupt on rising, falling, or both edges. CMP0 may also be used
as a reset source or as a trigger to kill a PCA output channel.
The output state of the comparator can be obtained at any time by reading the CPOUT bit. The comparator is enabled by setting the
CPEN bit to logic 1, and is disabled by clearing this bit to logic 0. When disabled, the comparator output (if assigned to a port I/O pin via
the crossbar) defaults to the logic low state, and the power supply to the comparator is turned off.
Comparator interrupts can be generated on both rising-edge and falling-edge output transitions. The CPFIF flag is set to logic 1 upon a
comparator falling-edge occurrence, and the CPRIF flag is set to logic 1 upon the comparator rising-edge occurrence. Once set, these
bits remain set until cleared by software. The comparator rising-edge interrupt mask is enabled by setting CPRIE to a logic 1. The comparator falling-edge interrupt mask is enabled by setting CPFIE to a logic 1.
False rising edges and falling edges may be detected when the comparator is first powered on or if changes are made to the hysteresis
or response time control bits. Therefore, it is recommended that the rising-edge and falling-edge flags be explicitly cleared to logic 0 a
short time after the comparator is enabled or its mode bits have been changed, before enabling comparator interrupts.
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Comparators (CMP0 and CMP1)
15.4 CMP0 Control Registers
15.4.1 CMP0CN0: Comparator 0 Control 0
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
CPEN
CPOUT
CPRIF
CPFIF
CPHYP
CPHYN
Access
RW
R
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0x0
0x0
Reset
3
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x9B
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
CPEN
0
RW
Comparator Enable.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Comparator disabled.
1
ENABLED
Comparator enabled.
CPOUT
0
Value
Name
Description
0
POS_LESS_THAN_NE
G
Voltage on CP0P < CP0N.
1
POS_GREATER_THAN_NEG
Voltage on CP0P > CP0N.
CPRIF
0
Comparator Rising-Edge Flag.
6
5
R
RW
Comparator Output State Flag.
Must be cleared by firmware.
4
Value
Name
Description
0
NOT_SET
No comparator rising edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared.
1
RISING_EDGE
Comparator rising edge has occurred.
CPFIF
0
Comparator Falling-Edge Flag.
RW
Must be cleared by firmware.
3:2
1:0
Value
Name
Description
0
NOT_SET
No comparator falling edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared.
1
FALLING_EDGE
Comparator falling edge has occurred.
CPHYP
0x0
Comparator Positive Hysteresis Control.
Value
Name
Description
0x0
DISABLED
Positive Hysteresis disabled.
0x1
ENABLED_MODE1
Positive Hysteresis = Hysteresis 1.
0x2
ENABLED_MODE2
Positive Hysteresis = Hysteresis 2.
0x3
ENABLED_MODE3
Positive Hysteresis = Hysteresis 3 (Maximum).
CPHYN
0x0
Comparator Negative Hysteresis Control.
RW
RW
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Comparators (CMP0 and CMP1)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
Value
Name
Description
0x0
DISABLED
Negative Hysteresis disabled.
0x1
ENABLED_MODE1
Negative Hysteresis = Hysteresis 1.
0x2
ENABLED_MODE2
Negative Hysteresis = Hysteresis 2.
0x3
ENABLED_MODE3
Negative Hysteresis = Hysteresis 3 (Maximum).
15.4.2 CMP0MD: Comparator 0 Mode
Bit
7
Name
6
Reserved
Access
RW
Reset
5
4
CPRIE
CPFIE
Reserved
CPMD
RW
RW
R
RW
0
0
0x0
0x2
R
0x2
3
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x9D
Bit
Name
Reset
7:6
Reserved
Must write reset value.
5
CPRIE
0
Value
Name
Description
0
RISE_INT_DISABLED
Comparator rising-edge interrupt disabled.
1
RISE_INT_ENABLED
Comparator rising-edge interrupt enabled.
CPFIE
0
Comparator Falling-Edge Interrupt Enable.
Value
Name
Description
0
FALL_INT_DISABLED
Comparator falling-edge interrupt disabled.
1
FALL_INT_ENABLED
Comparator falling-edge interrupt enabled.
3:2
Reserved
Must write reset value.
1:0
CPMD
0x2
4
Access
RW
RW
RW
Description
Comparator Rising-Edge Interrupt Enable.
Comparator Mode Select.
These bits affect the response time and power consumption of the comparator.
Value
Name
Description
0x0
MODE0
Mode 0 (Fastest Response Time, Highest Power Consumption)
0x1
MODE1
Mode 1
0x2
MODE2
Mode 2
0x3
MODE3
Mode 3 (Slowest Response Time, Lowest Power Consumption)
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Comparators (CMP0 and CMP1)
15.4.3 CMP0MX: Comparator 0 Multiplexer Selection
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Name
CMXN
CMXP
Access
RW
RW
Reset
0xF
0xF
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x9F
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:4
CMXN
0xF
RW
Comparator Negative Input MUX Selection.
This field selects the negative input for the comparator.
3:0
CMXP
0xF
RW
Comparator Positive Input MUX Selection.
This field selects the positive input for the comparator.
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Comparators (CMP0 and CMP1)
15.5 CMP1 Control Registers
15.5.1 CMP1CN0: Comparator 1 Control 0
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
CPEN
CPOUT
CPRIF
CPFIF
CPHYP
CPHYN
Access
RW
R
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0x0
0x0
Reset
3
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x9A
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
CPEN
0
RW
Comparator Enable.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Comparator disabled.
1
ENABLED
Comparator enabled.
CPOUT
0
Value
Name
Description
0
POS_LESS_THAN_NE
G
Voltage on CP1P < CP1N.
1
POS_GREATER_THAN_NEG
Voltage on CP1P > CP1N.
CPRIF
0
Comparator Rising-Edge Flag.
6
5
R
RW
Comparator Output State Flag.
Must be cleared by firmware.
4
Value
Name
Description
0
NOT_SET
No comparator rising edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared.
1
RISING_EDGE
Comparator rising edge has occurred.
CPFIF
0
Comparator Falling-Edge Flag.
RW
Must be cleared by firmware.
3:2
1:0
Value
Name
Description
0
NOT_SET
No comparator falling edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared.
1
FALLING_EDGE
Comparator falling edge has occurred.
CPHYP
0x0
Comparator Positive Hysteresis Control.
Value
Name
Description
0x0
DISABLED
Positive Hysteresis disabled.
0x1
ENABLED_MODE1
Positive Hysteresis = Hysteresis 1.
0x2
ENABLED_MODE2
Positive Hysteresis = Hysteresis 2.
0x3
ENABLED_MODE3
Positive Hysteresis = Hysteresis 3 (Maximum).
CPHYN
0x0
Comparator Negative Hysteresis Control.
RW
RW
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Comparators (CMP0 and CMP1)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
Value
Name
Description
0x0
DISABLED
Negative Hysteresis disabled.
0x1
ENABLED_MODE1
Negative Hysteresis = Hysteresis 1.
0x2
ENABLED_MODE2
Negative Hysteresis = Hysteresis 2.
0x3
ENABLED_MODE3
Negative Hysteresis = Hysteresis 3 (Maximum).
15.5.2 CMP1MD: Comparator 1 Mode
Bit
7
Name
6
Reserved
Access
RW
Reset
5
4
CPRIE
CPFIE
Reserved
CPMD
RW
RW
R
RW
0
0
0x0
0x2
R
0x2
3
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x9C
Bit
Name
Reset
7:6
Reserved
Must write reset value.
5
CPRIE
0
Value
Name
Description
0
RISE_INT_DISABLED
Comparator rising-edge interrupt disabled.
1
RISE_INT_ENABLED
Comparator rising-edge interrupt enabled.
CPFIE
0
Comparator Falling-Edge Interrupt Enable.
Value
Name
Description
0
FALL_INT_DISABLED
Comparator falling-edge interrupt disabled.
1
FALL_INT_ENABLED
Comparator falling-edge interrupt enabled.
3:2
Reserved
Must write reset value.
1:0
CPMD
0x2
4
Access
RW
RW
RW
Description
Comparator Rising-Edge Interrupt Enable.
Comparator Mode Select.
These bits affect the response time and power consumption of the comparator.
Value
Name
Description
0x0
MODE0
Mode 0 (Fastest Response Time, Highest Power Consumption)
0x1
MODE1
Mode 1
0x2
MODE2
Mode 2
0x3
MODE3
Mode 3 (Slowest Response Time, Lowest Power Consumption)
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Comparators (CMP0 and CMP1)
15.5.3 CMP1MX: Comparator 1 Multiplexer Selection
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Name
CMXN
CMXP
Access
RW
RW
Reset
0xF
0xF
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x9E
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:4
CMXN
0xF
RW
Comparator Negative Input MUX Selection.
This field selects the negative input for the comparator.
3:0
CMXP
0xF
RW
Comparator Positive Input MUX Selection.
This field selects the positive input for the comparator.
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Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC0)
16. Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC0)
16.1 Introduction
The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) module performs a CRC using a 16-bit or 32-bit polynomial. CRC0 accepts a stream of 8-bit data
and posts the result to an internal register. In addition to using the CRC block for data manipulation, hardware can automatically CRC
the flash contents of the device.
CRC
8
CRC0IN
Flash
Memory
Automatic
flash read
control
8
CRC0FLIP
Seed
(0x0000 or 0xFFFF)
(0x00000000 or
0xFFFFFFFF)
8
byte-level bit
reversal
Hardware CRC
Calculation Unit
8
8
8
8
8
CRC0DAT
Figure 16.1. CRC Functional Block Diagram
16.2 Features
The CRC module is designed to provide hardware calculations for flash memory verification and communications protocols. The CRC
module includes the following features:
• Support for CCITT-16 polynomial (0x1021).
• Support for CRC-32 polynomial (0x04C11DB7).
• Byte-level bit reversal.
• Automatic CRC of flash contents on one or more 1024-byte blocks.
• Initial seed selection of 0x0000/0x00000000 or 0xFFFF/0xFFFFFFFF.
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Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC0)
16.3 Functional Description
16.3.1 16-bit CRC Algorithm
The CRC unit generates a 16-bit CRC result equivalent to the following algorithm:
1. XOR the input with the most-significant bits of the current CRC result. If this is the first iteration of the CRC unit, the current CRC
result will be the set initial value (0x0000 or 0xFFFF).
2. If the MSB of the CRC result is set, shift the CRC result and XOR the result with the polynomial.
3. If the MSB of the CRC result is not set, shift the CRC result.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for all 8 bits.
The algorithm is also described in the following example.
unsigned short UpdateCRC (unsigned short CRC_acc, unsigned char CRC_input)
{
unsigned char i; // loop counter
#define POLY 0x1021
// Create the CRC "dividend" for polynomial arithmetic (binary arithmetic
// with no carries)
CRC_acc = CRC_acc ^ (CRC_input << 8);
// "Divide" the poly into the dividend using CRC XOR subtraction
// CRC_acc holds the "remainder" of each divide
//
// Only complete this division for 8 bits since input is 1 byte
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
// Check if the MSB is set (if MSB is 1, then the POLY can "divide"
// into the "dividend")
if ((CRC_acc & 0x8000) == 0x8000)
{
// if so, shift the CRC value, and XOR "subtract" the poly
CRC_acc = CRC_acc << 1;
CRC_acc ^= POLY;
}
else
{
// if not, just shift the CRC value
CRC_acc = CRC_acc << 1;
}
}
// Return the final remainder (CRC value)
return CRC_acc;
}
The following table lists several input values and the associated outputs using the 16-bit CRC algorithm:
Table 16.1. Example 16-bit CRC Outputs
Input
Output
0x63
0xBD35
0x8C
0xB1F4
0x7D
0x4ECA
0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC
0x6CF6
0x00, 0x00, 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC
0xB166
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Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC0)
16.3.2 32-bit CRC Algorithm
The CRC unit generates a 32-bit CRC result equivalent to the following algorithm:
1. XOR the least-significant byte of the current CRC result with the input byte. If this is the first iteration of the CRC unit, the current
CRC result will be the set initial value (0x00000000 or 0xFFFFFFFF).
2. Right-shift the CRC result.
3. If the LSB of the CRC result is set, XOR the CRC result with the reflected polynomial (0xEDB88320).
4. Repeat at Step 2 for the number of input bits (8).
The algorithm is also described in the following example.
unsigned short UpdateCRC (unsigned long CRC_acc, unsigned char CRC_input)
{
unsigned char i; // loop counter
#define POLY 0xEDB88320 // bit-reversed version of the 0x04C11DB7 polynomial
// Create the CRC "dividend" for polynomial arithmetic (binary arithmetic
// with no carries)
CRC_acc = CRC_acc ^ CRC_input;
// "Divide" the poly into the dividend using CRC XOR subtraction
// CRC_acc holds the "remainder" of each divide
//
// Only complete this division for 8 bits since input is 1 byte
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
// Check if the LSB is set (if LSB is 1, then the POLY can "divide"
// into the "dividend")
if ((CRC_acc & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001)
{
// if so, shift the CRC value, and XOR "subtract" the poly
CRC_acc = CRC_acc >> 1;
CRC_acc ^= POLY;
}
else
{
// if not, just shift the CRC value
CRC_acc = CRC_acc >> 1;
}
}
// Return the final remainder (CRC value)
return CRC_acc;
}
The following table lists several input values and the associated outputs using the 32-bit CRC algorithm with an initial value of
0xFFFFFFFF:
Table 16.2. Example 32-bit CRC Outputs
Input
Output
0x63
0xF9462090
0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC
0x41B207B3
0x00, 0x00, 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC
0x78D129BC
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Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC0)
16.3.3 Writing to CRC0CN0
The third op-code byte fetched from program memory following a write to CRC0CN0 that initiates a CRC0 operation is indeterminate. If
the indeterminate op-code byte is the first or second byte in an instruction, improper code execution may result. Writes to CRC0CN0
that initiate a CRC0 operation must be immediately followed by a benign 3-byte instruction whose third byte is a don’t care. An example
of such an instruction is the write of a dummy value to the CRC0FLIP register using a 3-byte MOV instruction. The value written to
CRC0FLIP will be indeterminate, but this should have no effect on the system. To ensure that both instructions are executed without
interruption, global interrupts should be disabled.
When programming in C, the dummy value written to CRC0FLIP should be a non-zero value. This prevents the compiler from generating the following instruction sequence:
CLR A
MOV CRC0FLIP, A
When programming in C, the disassembly should be checked to ensure the compiler generated the following instruction sequence:
MOV CRC0FLIP, #AAh
; where #AAh is the non-zero dummy value
16.3.4 Using the CRC on a Data Stream
The CRC module may be used to perform CRC calculations on any data set available to the firmware. To perform a CRC on an arbitrary data sream:
1. Select the initial result value using CRCVAL.
2. Set the result to its initial value (write 1 to CRCINIT).
3. Write the data to CRC0IN one byte at a time. The CRC result registers are automatically updated after each byte is written.
4. Write the CRCPNT bit to 0 to target the low byte of the result.
5. Read CRC0DAT multiple times to access each byte of the CRC result. CRCPNT will automatically point to the next value after
each read.
16.3.5 Using the CRC to Check Code Memory
The CRC module may be configured to automatically perform a CRC on one or more blocks of code memory. To perform a CRC on
code contents:
1. Select the initial result value using CRCVAL.
2. Set the result to its initial value (write 1 to CRCINIT).
3. Write the high byte of the starting address to the CRCST bit field.
4. Set the AUTOEN bit to 1.
5. Write the number of byte blocks to perform in the CRC calculation to CRCCNT.
6. Write any value to CRC0CN0 (or OR its contents with 0x00) to initiate the CRC calculation. The CPU will not execute code any
additional code until the CRC operation completes.
Note: Upon initiation of an automatic CRC calculation, the three cycles following a write to CRC0CN0 that initiate a CRC operation
must only contain instructions which execute in the same number of cycles as the number of bytes in the instruction. An example of
such an instruction is a 3-byte MOV that targets the CRC0FLIP register. When programming in C, the dummy value written to
CRC0FLIP should be a non-zero value to prevent the compiler from generating a 2-byte MOV instruction.
7. Clear the AUTOEN.
8. Write the CRCPNT bit to 0 to target the low byte of the result.
9. Read CRC0DAT multiple times to access each byte of the CRC result. CRCPNT will automatically point to the next value after
each read.
16.3.6 Bit Reversal
CRC0 includes hardware to reverse the bit order of each bit in a byte. Writing a byte to CRC0FLIP initiates the bit reversal operation,
and the result may be read back from CRC0FLIP on the next instruction. For example, if 0xC0 is written to CRC0FLIP, the data read
back is 0x03. Bit reversal can be used to change the order of information passing through the CRC engine and is also used in algorithms such as FFT.
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Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC0)
16.4 CRC0 Control Registers
16.4.1 CRC0CN0: CRC0 Control 0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Name
Reserved
POLYSEL
CRCINIT
CRCVAL
Access
R
RW
RW
RW
0x0
0
0
0
Reset
1
0
CRCPNT
R
RW
0x0
SFR Page = 0xF; SFR Address: 0x92
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
7:5
Reserved
Must write reset value.
4
POLYSEL
0
RW
Description
CRC Polynomial Select Bit.
This bit selects the CRC polynomial and result length (32-bit or 16-bit).
3
Value
Name
Description
0
32_BIT
Use the 32-bit polynomial 0x04C11DB7 for calculating the CRC result.
1
16_BIT
Use the 16-bit polynomial 0x1021 for calculating the CRC result.
CRCINIT
0
RW
CRC Initialization Enable.
Writing a 1 to this bit initializes the entire CRC result based on CRCVAL.
2
CRCVAL
0
RW
CRC Initialization Value.
This bit selects the set value of the CRC result.
1:0
Value
Name
Description
0
SET_ZEROES
CRC result is set to 0x00000000 on write of 1 to CRCINIT.
1
SET_ONES
CRC result is set to 0xFFFFFFFF on write of 1 to CRCINIT.
CRCPNT
0x0
RW
CRC Result Pointer.
Specifies the byte of the CRC result to be read/written on the next access to CRC0DAT. The value of these bits will autoincrement upon each read or write.
Value
Name
Description
0x0
ACCESS_B0
CRC0DAT accesses bits 7-0 of the 16-bit or 32-bit CRC result.
0x1
ACCESS_B1
CRC0DAT accesses bits 15-8 of the 16-bit or 32-bit CRC result.
0x2
ACCESS_B2
CRC0DAT accesses bits 7-0 of the 16-bit or bits 23-15 of the 32-bit CRC result.
0x3
ACCESS_B3
CRC0DAT accesses bits 15-8 of the 16-bit or bits 31-24 of the 32-bit CRC result.
Upon initiation of an automatic CRC calculation, the three cycles following a write to CRC0CN0 that initiate a CRC operation must
only contain instructions which execute in the same number of cycles as the number of bytes in the instruction. An example of such an
instruction is a 3-byte MOV that targets the CRC0FLIP register. When programming in C, the dummy value written to CRC0FLIP
should be a non-zero value to prevent the compiler from generating a 2-byte MOV instruction.
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Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC0)
16.4.2 CRC0IN: CRC0 Data Input
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
CRC0IN
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0xF; SFR Address: 0x93
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
CRC0IN
0x00
RW
CRC Data Input.
Each write to CRC0IN results in the written data being computed into the existing CRC result according to the CRC algorithm.
16.4.3 CRC0DAT: CRC0 Data Output
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
CRC0DAT
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0xF; SFR Address: 0x91
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
CRC0DAT
0x00
RW
CRC Data Output.
Each read or write performed on CRC0DAT targets the CRC result bits pointed to by the CRC0 Result Pointer (CRCPNT
bits in CRC0CN0).
CRC0DAT may not be valid for one cycle after setting the CRCINIT bit in the CRC0CN0 register to 1. Any time CRCINIT is written to 1
by firmware, at least one instruction should be performed before reading CRC0DAT.
16.4.4 CRC0AUTO: CRC0 Automatic Control
Bit
7
6
Name
AUTOEN
CRCDN
CRCST
Access
RW
RW
RW
0
1
0x00
Reset
5
4
3
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0xF; SFR Address: 0x96
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
AUTOEN
0
RW
Automatic CRC Calculation Enable.
When AUTOEN is set to 1, any write to CRC0CN0 will initiate an automatic CRC starting at flash sector CRCST and continuing for CRCCNT sectors.
6
CRCDN
1
RW
Automatic CRC Calculation Complete.
Set to 0 when a CRC calculation is in progress. Code execution is stopped during a CRC calculation; therefore, reads from
firmware will always return 1.
5:0
CRCST
0x00
RW
Automatic CRC Calculation Starting Block.
These bits specify the flash block to start the automatic CRC calculation. The starting address of the first flash block included in the automatic CRC calculation is CRCST x block size, where block size is 1024 bytes.
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Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC0)
16.4.5 CRC0CNT: CRC0 Automatic Flash Sector Count
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Name
Reserved
CRCCNT
Access
R
RW
0x0
0x00
Reset
1
0
SFR Page = 0xF; SFR Address: 0x97
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
7:6
Reserved
Must write reset value.
5:0
CRCCNT
0x00
Description
RW
Automatic CRC Calculation Block Count.
These bits specify the number of flash blocks to include in an automatic CRC calculation. The last address of the last flash
block included in the automatic CRC calculation is (CRCST+CRCCNT) x Block Size - 1. The block size is 1024 bytes.
16.4.6 CRC0FLIP: CRC0 Bit Flip
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
CRC0FLIP
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0xF; SFR Address: 0x95
Bit
Name
Reset
7:0
CRC0FLIP 0x00
Access
Description
RW
CRC0 Bit Flip.
Any byte written to CRC0FLIP is read back in a bit-reversed order, i.e., the written LSB becomes the MSB. For example:
If 0xC0 is written to CRC0FLIP, the data read back will be 0x03.
If 0x05 is written to CRC0FLIP, the data read back will be 0xA0.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17. Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.1 Introduction
The programmable counter array (PCA) provides multiple channels of enhanced timer and PWM functionality while requiring less CPU
intervention than standard counter/timers. The PCA consists of a dedicated 16-bit counter/timer and one 16-bit capture/compare module for each channel. The counter/timer is driven by a programmable timebase that has flexible external and internal clocking options.
Each capture/compare module may be configured to operate independently in one of five modes: Edge-Triggered Capture, Software
Timer, High-Speed Output, Frequency Output, or Pulse-Width Modulated (PWM) Output. Each capture/compare module has its own
associated I/O line (CEXn) which is routed through the crossbar to port I/O when enabled.
PCA0
SYSCLK
SYSCLK / 4
SYSCLK / 12
PCA Counter
Timer 0 Overflow
EXTCLK / 8
Sync
ECI
Sync
Control /
Configuration
Interrupt
Logic
SYSCLK
Channel 5 / WDT
CEX5
Mode Control
Channel 4
Capture
Mode
/ Compare
Control
Channel 3
Mode
Control 2
Capture
/ Compare
Channel
Mode
Control
Capture
/ Compare
Channel 1
Capture
Mode
/ Compare
Control
Channel 0
CEX4
Output
Drive
Logic
CEX3
CEX2
CEX1
CEX0
Mode
Control
Capture
/ Compare
Capture / Compare
Figure 17.1. PCA Block Diagram
17.2 Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
16-bit time base.
Programmable clock divisor and clock source selection.
Up to six independently-configurable channels
8, 9, 10, 11 and 16-bit PWM modes (edge-aligned operation).
Frequency output mode.
Capture on rising, falling or any edge.
Compare function for arbitrary waveform generation.
Software timer (internal compare) mode.
Integrated watchdog timer.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.3 Functional Description
17.3.1 Counter / Timer
The 16-bit PCA counter/timer consists of two 8-bit SFRs: PCA0L and PCA0H. PCA0H is the high byte of the 16-bit counter/timer and
PCA0L is the low byte. Reading PCA0L automatically latches the value of PCA0H into a “snapshot” register; the following PCA0H read
accesses this “snapshot” register.
Note: Reading the PCA0L Register first guarantees an accurate reading of the entire 16-bit PCA0 counter.
Reading PCA0H or PCA0L does not disturb the counter operation. The CPS2–CPS0 bits in the PCA0MD register select the timebase
for the counter/timer.
When the counter/timer overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000, the Counter Overflow Flag (CF) in PCA0MD is set to logic 1 and an interrupt
request is generated if CF interrupts are enabled. Setting the ECF bit in PCA0MD to logic 1 enables the CF flag to generate an interrupt
request. The CF bit is not automatically cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine and must be cleared
by software. Clearing the CIDL bit in the PCA0MD register allows the PCA to continue normal operation while the CPU is in Idle mode.
Table 17.1. PCA Timebase Input Options
CPS2:0
Timebase
000
System clock divided by 12
001
System clock divided by 4
010
Timer 0 overflow
011
High-to-low transitions on ECI (max rate = system clock divided by 4) 1
100
System clock
101
External oscillator source divided by 8 1
110
Low frequency oscillator divided by 8 1
111
Reserved
Note:
1. Synchronized with the system clock.
17.3.2 Interrupt Sources
The PCA0 module shares one interrupt vector among all of its modules. There are are several event flags that can be used to generate
a PCA0 interrupt. They are as follows: the main PCA counter overflow flag (CF), which is set upon a 16-bit overflow of the PCA0 counter; an intermediate overflow flag (COVF), which can be set on an overflow from the 8th–11th bit of the PCA0 counter; and the individual flags for each PCA channel (CCFn), which are set according to the operation mode of that module. These event flags are always set
when the trigger condition occurs. Each of these flags can be individually selected to generate a PCA0 interrupt using the corresponding interrupt enable flag (ECF for CF, ECOV for COVF, and ECCFn for each CCFn). PCA0 interrupts must be globally enabled before
any individual interrupt sources are recognized by the processor. PCA0 interrupts are globally enabled by setting the EA bit and the
EPCA0 bit to logic 1.
17.3.3 Capture/Compare Modules
Each module can be configured to operate independently in one of six operation modes: edge-triggered capture, software timer, highspeed output, frequency output, 8 to 11-bit pulse width modulator, or 16-bit pulse width modulator. Table 17.2 PCA0CPM and
PCA0PWM Bit Settings for PCA Capture/Compare Modules on page 167 summarizes the bit settings in the PCA0CPMn and
PCA0PWM registers used to select the PCA capture/compare module’s operating mode. All modules set to use 8-, 9-, 10-, or 11-bit
PWM mode must use the same cycle length (8–11 bits). Setting the ECCFn bit in a PCA0CPMn register enables the module's CCFn
interrupt.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
Table 17.2. PCA0CPM and PCA0PWM Bit Settings for PCA Capture/Compare Modules
CAPP
CAPN
MAT
TOG
PWM
ECCF
ARSEL
ECOV
COVF
Reserved
CLSEL
Bit Name
PCA0PWM
ECOM
PCA0CPMn
PWM16
Operational Mode
Capture triggered by positive edge on
CEXn
X
X
1
0
0
0
0
A
0
X
B
X
X
Capture triggered by negative edge on
CEXn
X
X
0
1
0
0
0
A
0
X
B
X
X
Capture triggered by any transition on
CEXn
X
X
1
1
0
0
0
A
0
X
B
X
X
Software Timer
X
C
0
0
1
0
0
A
0
X
B
X
X
High Speed Output
X
C
0
0
1
1
0
A
0
X
B
X
X
Frequency Output
X
C
0
0
0
1
1
A
0
X
B
X
X
8-Bit Pulse Width Modulator7
0
C
0
0
E
0
1
A
0
X
B
X
0
9-Bit Pulse Width Modulator7
0
C
0
0
E
0
1
A
D
X
B
X
1
10-Bit Pulse Width Modulator7
0
C
0
0
E
0
1
A
D
X
B
X
2
11-Bit Pulse Width Modulator7
0
C
0
0
E
0
1
A
D
X
B
X
3
16-Bit Pulse Width Modulator
1
C
0
0
E
0
1
A
0
X
B
X
X
Notes:
1. X = Don’t Care (no functional difference for individual module if 1 or 0).
2. A = Enable interrupts for this module (PCA interrupt triggered on CCFn set to 1).
3. B = Enable 8th–11th bit overflow interrupt (Depends on setting of CLSEL).
4. C = When set to 0, the digital comparator is off. For high speed and frequency output modes, the associated pin will not toggle. In
any of the PWM modes, this generates a 0% duty cycle (output = 0).
5. D = Selects whether the Capture/Compare register (0) or the Auto-Reload register (1) for the associated channel is accessed via
addresses PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn.
6. E = When set, a match event will cause the CCFn flag for the associated channel to be set.
7. All modules set to 8, 9, 10 or 11-bit PWM mode use the same cycle length setting.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.3.4 Edge-Triggered Capture Mode
In this mode, a valid transition on the CEXn pin causes the PCA to capture the value of the PCA counter/timer and load it into the
corresponding module's 16-bit capture/compare register (PCA0CPLn and PCA0CPHn). The CAPPn and CAPNn bits in the PCA0CPMn
register are used to select the type of transition that triggers the capture: low-to-high transition (positive edge), high-to-low transition
(negative edge), or either transition (positive or negative edge). When a capture occurs, the Capture/Compare Flag (CCFn) in
PCA0CN0 is set to logic 1. An interrupt request is generated if the CCFn interrupt for that module is enabled. The CCFn bit is not automatically cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine, and must be cleared by software. If both CAPPn
and CAPNn bits are set to logic 1, then the state of the port pin associated with CEXn can be read directly to determine whether a
rising-edge or falling-edge caused the capture.
CCFn (Interrupt Flag)
CAPPn
PCA0CPLn
PCA0CPHn
Capture
CEXn
CAPNn
PCA Clock
PCA0L
PCA0H
Figure 17.2. PCA Capture Mode Diagram
Note: The CEXn input signal must remain high or low for at least 2 system clock cycles to be recognized by the hardware.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.3.5 Software Timer (Compare) Mode
In Software Timer mode, the PCA counter/timer value is compared to the module's 16-bit capture/compare register (PCA0CPHn and
PCA0CPLn). When a match occurs, the Capture/Compare Flag (CCFn) in PCA0CN0 is set to logic 1. An interrupt request is generated
if the CCFn interrupt for that module is enabled. The CCFn bit is not automatically cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the
interrupt service routine, and it must be cleared by software. Setting the ECOMn and MATn bits in the PCA0CPMn register enables
Software Timer mode.
Note: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0 Capture/Compare registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to
PCA0CPLn clears the ECOMn bit to 0; writing to PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to 1.
PCA0CPLn
PCA0CPHn
MATn (Match Enable)
ECOMn
(Compare Enable)
16-bit Comparator
PCA Clock
PCA0L
match
CCFn
(Interrupt Flag)
PCA0H
Figure 17.3. PCA Software Timer Mode Diagram
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.3.6 High-Speed Output Mode
In High-Speed Output mode, a module’s associated CEXn pin is toggled each time a match occurs between the PCA Counter and the
module's 16-bit capture/compare register (PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn). When a match occurs, the capture/compare flag (CCFn) in
PCA0CN0 is set to logic 1. An interrupt request is generated if the CCFn interrupt for that module is enabled. The CCFn bit is not automatically cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine. It must be cleared by software. Setting the TOGn,
MATn, and ECOMn bits in the PCA0CPMn register enables the High-Speed Output mode. If ECOMn is cleared, the associated pin
retains its state and not toggle on the next match event.
Note: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0 Capture/Compare registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to
PCA0CPLn clears the ECOMn bit to 0; writing to PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to 1.
PCA0CPLn
PCA0CPHn
MATn (Match Enable)
ECOMn
(Compare Enable)
16-bit Comparator
match
CCFn
(Interrupt Flag)
Toggle
CEXn
PCA Clock
PCA0L
PCA0H
TOGn (Toggle Enable)
Figure 17.4. PCA High-Speed Output Mode Diagram
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.3.7 Frequency Output Mode
Frequency Output Mode produces a programmable-frequency square wave on the module’s associated CEXn pin. The capture/
compare module high byte holds the number of PCA clocks to count before the output is toggled. The frequency of the square wave is
then defined as follows:
F CEXn =
F PCA
2 × PCA0CPHn
Note: A value of 0x00 in the PCA0CPHn register is equal to 256 for this equation.
Where FPCA is the frequency of the clock selected by the CPS2–0 bits in the PCA mode register PCA0MD. The lower byte of the capture/compare module is compared to the PCA counter low byte; on a match, n is toggled and the offset held in the high byte is added to
the matched value in PCA0CPLn. Frequency Output Mode is enabled by setting the ECOMn, TOGn, and PWMn bits in the PCA0CPMn
register.
Note: The MATn bit should normally be set to 0 in this mode. If the MATn bit is set to 1, the CCFn flag for the channel will be set when
the 16-bit PCA0 counter and the 16-bit capture/compare register for the channel are equal.
PCA0CPLn
8-bit Adder
PCA0CPHn
Adder
Enable
Toggle
ECOMn
(Compare Enable)
8-bit
Comparator
match
CEXn
TOGn (Toggle Enable)
PCA Clock
PCA0L
Figure 17.5. PCA Frequency Output Mode
17.3.8 PWM Waveform Generation
The PCA can generate edge-aligned PWM waveforms with resolutions of 8, 9, 10, 11, or 16 bits. PWM resolution depends on the module setup, as specified within the individual module PCA0CPMn registers as well as the PCA0PWM register. Modules can be configured for 8-11 bit mode or for 16-bit mode individually using the PCA0CPMn registers. All modules configured for 8-11 bit mode have the
same resolution, specified by the PCA0PWM register.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
Edge Aligned PWM
When configured for edge-aligned mode, a module generates an edge transition at two points for every 2N PCA clock cycles, where N
is the selected PWM resolution in bits. In edge-aligned mode, these two edges are referred to as the “match” and “overflow” edges. The
polarity at the output pin is selectable and can be inverted by setting the appropriate channel bit to 1 in the PCA0POL register. Prior to
inversion, a match edge sets the channel to logic high, and an overflow edge clears the channel to logic low.
The match edge occurs when the the lowest N bits of the module’s PCA0CPn register match the corresponding bits of the main PCA0
counter register. For example, with 10-bit PWM, the match edge occurs any time bits 9-0 of the PCA0CPn register match bits 9-0 of the
PCA0 counter value.
The overflow edge occurs when an overflow of the PCA0 counter happens at the desired resolution. For example, with 10-bit PWM, the
overflow edge occurs when bits 0-9 of the PCA0 counter transition from all 1s to all 0s. All modules configured for edge-aligned mode at
the same resolution align on the overflow edge of the waveforms.
An example of the PWM timing in edge-aligned mode for two channels is shown here.
PCA Clock
Counter (PCA0) 0xFFFF
0x0000
0x0001
0x0002
Capture / Compare
(PCA0CP0)
0x0003
0x0004
0x0005
0x0001
Output (CEX0)
match edge
Capture / Compare
(PCA0CP1)
0x0005
Output (CEX1)
overflow edge
match edge
Figure 17.6. Edge-Aligned PWM Timing
For a given PCA resolution, the unused high bits in the PCA0 counter and the PCA0CPn compare registers are ignored, and only the
used bits of the PCA0CPn register determine the duty cycle. A 0% duty cycle for the channel is achieved by clearing the module’s
ECOM bit to 0. This will disable the comparison, and prevent the match edge from occuring.
Note: Although the PCA0CPn compare register determines the duty cycle, it is not always appropriate for firmware to update this register directly. See the sections on 8 to 11-bit and 16-bit PWM mode for additional details on adjusting duty cycle in the various modes.
Duty Cycle =
2N - PCA0CPn
2N
Figure 17.7. N-bit Edge-Aligned PWM Duty Cycle (N = PWM resolution)
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.3.8.1 8 to 11-Bit PWM Modes
Each module can be used independently to generate a pulse width modulated (PWM) output on its associated CEXn pin. The frequency of the output is dependent on the timebase for the PCA counter/timer and the setting of the PWM cycle length (8 through 11-bits).
For backwards-compatibility with the 8-bit PWM mode available on other devices, the 8-bit PWM mode operates slightly different than 9
through 11-bit PWM modes.
Important: All channels configured for 8 to 11-bit PWM mode use the same cycle length. It is not possible to configure one channel for
8-bit PWM mode and another for 11-bit mode (for example). However, other PCA channels can be configured to Pin Capture, HighSpeed Output, Software Timer, Frequency Output, or 16-bit PWM mode independently. Each channel configured for a PWM mode can
be individually selected to operate in edge-aligned or center-aligned mode.
8-bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode
In 8-bit PWM mode, the duty cycle is determined by the value of the low byte of the PCA0CPn register (PCA0CPLn). To adjust the duty
cycle, PCA0CPLn should not normally be written directly. Instead, the recommendation is to adjust the duty cycle using the high byte of
the PCA0CPn register (register PCA0CPHn). This allows seamless updating of the PWM waveform as PCA0CPLn is reloaded automatically with the value stored in PCA0CPHn during the overflow edge (in edge-aligned mode) or the up edge (in center-aligned mode).
Setting the ECOMn and PWMn bits in the PCA0CPMn register and setting the CLSEL bits in register PCA0PWM to 00b enables 8-Bit
pulse width modulator mode. If the MATn bit is set to 1, the CCFn flag for the module is set each time a match edge or up edge occurs.
The COVF flag in PCA0PWM can be used to detect the overflow (falling edge), which occurs every 256 PCA clock cycles.
9- to 11-bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode
In 9 to 11-bit PWM mode, the duty cycle is determined by the value of the least significant N bits of the PCA0CPn register, where N is
the selected PWM resolution.
To adjust the duty cycle, PCA0CPn should not normally be written directly. Instead, the recommendation is to adjust the duty cycle by
writing to an “Auto-Reload” register, which is dual-mapped into the PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn register locations. The data written to
define the duty cycle should be right-justified in the registers. The auto-reload registers are accessed (read or written) when the bit ARSEL in PCA0PWM is set to 1. The capture/compare registers are accessed when ARSEL is set to 0. This allows seamless updating of
the PWM waveform, as the PCA0CPn register is reloaded automatically with the value stored in the auto-reload registers during the
overflow edge (in edge-aligned mode) or the up edge (in center-aligned mode).
Setting the ECOMn and PWMn bits in the PCA0CPMn register and setting the CLSEL bits in register PCA0PWM to 00b enables 8-Bit
pulse width modulator mode. If the MATn bit is set to 1, the CCFn flag for the module is set each time a match edge or up edge occurs.
The COVF flag in PCA0PWM can be used to detect the overflow or down edge.
The 9 to 11-bit PWM mode is selected by setting the ECOMn and PWMn bits in the PCA0CPMn register and setting the CLSEL bits in
register PCA0PWM to the desired cycle length (other than 8-bits). If the MATn bit is set to 1, the CCFn flag for the module is set each
time a match edge or up edge occurs. The COVF flag in PCA0PWM can be used to detect the overflow or down edge.
Important: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0CPn registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to PCA0CPLn
clears the ECOMn bit to 0; writing to PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to 1.
17.3.8.2 16-Bit PWM Mode
A PCA module may also be operated in 16-Bit PWM mode. 16-bit PWM mode is independent of the other PWM modes. The entire
PCA0CP register is used to determine the duty cycle in 16-bit PWM mode.
To output a varying duty cycle, new value writes should be synchronized with the PCA CCFn match flag to ensure seamless updates.
16-Bit PWM mode is enabled by setting the ECOMn, PWMn, and PWM16n bits in the PCA0CPMn register. For a varying duty cycle,
the match interrupt flag should be enabled (ECCFn = 1 AND MATn = 1) to help synchronize the capture/compare register writes. If the
MATn bit is set to 1, the CCFn flag for the module is set each time a match edge or up edge occurs. The CF flag in PCA0CN0 can be
used to detect the overflow or down edge.
Important: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0 Capture/Compare registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to
PCA0CPLn clears the ECOMn bit to 0; writing to PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to 1.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.3.9 Watchdog Timer Mode
A programmable watchdog timer (WDT) function is available through the last PCA module (module 5). The WDT is used to generate a
reset if the time between writes to the WDT update register (PCA0CPH5) exceed a specified limit. The WDT can be configured and
enabled/disabled as needed by software. With the WDTE bit set in the PCA0MD register, the last module operates as a watchdog timer
(WDT). The module 5 high byte is compared to the PCA counter high byte; the module 5 low byte holds the offset to be used when
WDT updates are performed. The Watchdog Timer is enabled on reset. Writes to some PCA registers are restricted while the Watchdog Timer is enabled. The WDT will generate a reset shortly after code begins execution. To avoid this reset, the WDT should be explicitly disabled (and optionally re-configured and re-enabled if it is used in the system).
Watchdog Timer Operation
While the WDT is enabled:
• PCA counter is forced on.
• Writes to PCA0L and PCA0H are not allowed.
• PCA clock source CPS field is frozen.
• PCA Idle control bit (CIDL) is frozen.
• Module 5 is forced into software timer mode.
• Writes to the Module 5 mode register (PCA0CPM5) are disabled.
While the WDT is enabled, writes to the CR bit will not change the PCA counter state; the counter will run until the WDT is disabled.
The PCA counter run control bit (CR) will read zero if the WDT is enabled but user software has not enabled the PCA counter. If a
match occurs between PCA0CPH5 and PCA0H while the WDT is enabled, a reset will be generated. To prevent a WDT reset, the WDT
may be updated with a write of any value to PCA0CPH5. Upon a PCA0CPH5 write, PCA0H plus the offset held in PCA0CPL5 is loaded
into PCA0CPH5.
Watchdog
PCA0CPHn
WDTE (Watchdog Enable)
8-bit
Comparator
WDLCK (Watchdog Lock)
Watchdog
PCA0CPLn
8-bit Adder
Adder
Enable
match
PCA0H
Reset
PCA0L overflow
Write to Watchdog
PCA0CPHn
Figure 17.8. PCA Module 5 with Watchdog Timer Enabled
The 8-bit offset held in PCA0CPH5 is compared to the upper byte of the 16-bit PCA counter. This offset value is the number of PCA0L
overflows before a reset. Up to 256 PCA clocks may pass before the first PCA0L overflow occurs, depending on the value of the
PCA0L when the update is performed. The total offset is then given by the following equation in PCA clocks:
Offset = (256 × PCA0CPL ) + (256 – PCA0L )
Note: PCA0L is the value of the PCA0L register at the time of the update in this equation.
The WDT reset is generated when PCA0L overflows while there is a match between PCA0CPH5 and PCA0H. Software may force a
WDT reset by writing a 1 to the CCF5 flag in the PCA0CN0 register while the WDT is enabled.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
Watchdog Timer Usage
To configure the WDT, perform the following tasks:
1. Disable the WDT by writing a 0 to the WDTE bit.
2. Select the desired PCA clock source (with the CPS field).
3. Load the WDT PCA0CPL with the desired WDT update offset value.
4. Configure the PCA Idle mode (set CIDL if the WDT should be suspended while the CPU is in Idle mode).
5. Enable the WDT by setting the WDTE bit to 1.
6. Reset the WDT timer by writing to PCA0CPH5.
The PCA clock source and Idle mode select cannot be changed while the WDT is enabled. The watchdog timer is enabled by setting
the WDTE or WDLCK bits in the PCA0MD register. When WDLCK is set, the WDT cannot be disabled until the next system reset. If
WDLCK is not set, the WDT is disabled by clearing the WDTE bit. The WDT is enabled following any reset. The PCA0 counter clock
defaults to the system clock divided by 12, PCA0L defaults to 0x00, and PCA0CPL2 defaults to 0x00. This results in a WDT timeout
interval of 256 PCA clock cycles, or 3072 system clock cycles. lists some example timeout intervals for typical system clocks.
Table 17.3. Watchdog Timer Timeout Intervals
System Clock (Hz)
PCA0CPL5
Timeout Interval (ms)
24,500,000
255
32.1
24,500,000
128
16.2
24,500,000
32
4.1
3,062,500
255
257
3,062,500
128
129.5
3,062,500
32
33.1
32,000
255
24576
32,000
128
12384
32,000
32
3168
Note: The values in this table assume SYSCLK/12 as the PCA clock source and a PCA0L value of 0x00 at the update time.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.4 PCA0 Control Registers
17.4.1 PCA0CN0: PCA Control 0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
CF
CR
CCF5
CCF4
CCF3
CCF2
CCF1
CCF0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xD8 (bit-addressable)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
CF
0
RW
PCA Counter/Timer Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the PCA Counter/Timer overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. When the Counter/Timer Overflow (CF)
interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by firmware.
6
CR
0
RW
PCA Counter/Timer Run Control.
This bit enables/disables the PCA Counter/Timer.
5
Value
Name
Description
0
STOP
Stop the PCA Counter/Timer.
1
RUN
Start the PCA Counter/Timer running.
CCF5
0
RW
PCA Module 5 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF5 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the
CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared
by firmware.
4
CCF4
0
RW
PCA Module 4 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF4 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the
CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared
by firmware.
3
CCF3
0
RW
PCA Module 3 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF3 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the
CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared
by firmware.
2
CCF2
0
RW
PCA Module 2 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF2 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the
CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared
by firmware.
1
CCF1
0
RW
PCA Module 1 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF1 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the
CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared
by firmware.
0
CCF0
0
RW
PCA Module 0 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF0 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the
CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared
by firmware.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.4.2 PCA0MD: PCA Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
CIDL
WDTE
WDLCK
Reserved
CPS
ECF
Access
RW
RW
RW
R
RW
RW
0
1
0
0
0x0
0
Reset
3
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xD9
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
CIDL
0
RW
PCA Counter/Timer Idle Control.
Specifies PCA behavior when CPU is in Idle Mode.
6
Value
Name
Description
0
NORMAL
PCA continues to function normally while the system controller is in Idle Mode.
1
SUSPEND
PCA operation is suspended while the system controller is in Idle Mode.
WDTE
1
RW
Watchdog Timer Enable.
If this bit is set, PCA Module 5 is used as the watchdog timer.
5
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable Watchdog Timer.
1
ENABLED
Enable PCA Module 5 as the Watchdog Timer.
WDLCK
0
RW
Watchdog Timer Lock.
This bit locks/unlocks the Watchdog Timer Enable. When WDLCK is set, the Watchdog Timer may not be disabled until the
next system reset.
Value
Name
Description
0
UNLOCKED
Watchdog Timer Enable unlocked.
1
LOCKED
Watchdog Timer Enable locked.
4
Reserved
Must write reset value.
3:1
CPS
0x0
RW
PCA Counter/Timer Pulse Select.
These bits select the timebase source for the PCA counter.
0
Value
Name
Description
0x0
SYSCLK_DIV_12
System clock divided by 12.
0x1
SYSCLK_DIV_4
System clock divided by 4.
0x2
T0_OVERFLOW
Timer 0 overflow.
0x3
ECI
High-to-low transitions on ECI (max rate = system clock divided by 4).
0x4
SYSCLK
System clock.
0x5
EXTOSC_DIV_8
External clock divided by 8 (synchronized with the system clock).
ECF
0
PCA Counter/Timer Overflow Interrupt Enable.
RW
This bit sets the masking of the PCA Counter/Timer Overflow (CF) interrupt.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
Value
Name
Description
0
OVF_INT_DISABLED
Disable the CF interrupt.
1
OVF_INT_ENABLED
Enable a PCA Counter/Timer Overflow interrupt request when CF is set.
When the WDTE bit is set to 1, the other bits in the PCA0MD register cannot be modified. To change the contents of the PCA0MD
register, the Watchdog Timer must first be disabled.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.4.3 PCA0PWM: PCA PWM Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
Name
ARSEL
ECOV
COVF
Reserved
CLSEL
Access
RW
RW
RW
R
RW
0
0
0
0x0
0x0
Reset
4
3
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xDF
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
ARSEL
0
RW
Auto-Reload Register Select.
This bit selects whether to read and write the normal PCA capture/compare registers (PCA0CPn), or the Auto-Reload registers at the same SFR addresses. This function is used to define the reload value for 9 to 11-bit PWM modes. In all other
modes, the Auto-Reload registers have no function.
6
Value
Name
Description
0
CAPTURE_COMPARE
Read/Write Capture/Compare Registers at PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn.
1
AUTORELOAD
Read/Write Auto-Reload Registers at PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn.
ECOV
0
Cycle Overflow Interrupt Enable.
RW
This bit sets the masking of the Cycle Overflow Flag (COVF) interrupt.
5
Value
Name
Description
0
COVF_MASK_DISABLED
COVF will not generate PCA interrupts.
1
COVF_MASK_ENABLED
A PCA interrupt will be generated when COVF is set.
COVF
0
Cycle Overflow Flag.
RW
This bit indicates an overflow of the 8th to 11th bit of the main PCA counter (PCA0). The specific bit used for this flag depends on the setting of the Cycle Length Select bits. The bit can be set by hardware or firmware, but must be cleared by
firmware.
Value
Name
Description
0
NO_OVERFLOW
No overflow has occurred since the last time this bit was cleared.
1
OVERFLOW
An overflow has occurred since the last time this bit was cleared.
4:2
Reserved
Must write reset value.
1:0
CLSEL
0x0
RW
Cycle Length Select.
When 16-bit PWM mode is not selected, these bits select the length of the PWM cycle. This affects all channels configured
for PWM which are not using 16-bit PWM mode. These bits are ignored for individual channels configured to 16-bit PWM
mode.
Value
Name
Description
0x0
8_BITS
8 bits.
0x1
9_BITS
9 bits.
0x2
10_BITS
10 bits.
0x3
11_BITS
11 bits.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.4.4 PCA0L: PCA Counter/Timer Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
PCA0L
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xF9
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
PCA0L
0x00
RW
PCA Counter/Timer Low Byte.
The PCA0L register holds the low byte (LSB) of the 16-bit PCA Counter/Timer.
When the WDTE bit is set to 1, the PCA0L register cannot be modified by firmware. To change the contents of the PCA0L register,
the Watchdog Timer must first be disabled.
17.4.5 PCA0H: PCA Counter/Timer High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
PCA0H
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xFA
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
PCA0H
0x00
RW
PCA Counter/Timer High Byte.
The PCA0H register holds the high byte (MSB) of the 16-bit PCA Counter/Timer. Reads of this register will read the contents of a "snapshot" register, whose contents are updated only when the contents of PCA0L are read.
When the WDTE bit is set to 1, the PCA0H register cannot be modified by firmware. To change the contents of the PCA0H register,
the Watchdog Timer must first be disabled.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.4.6 PCA0CPM0: PCA Channel 0 Capture/Compare Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
PWM16
ECOM
CAPP
CAPN
MAT
TOG
PWM
ECCF
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xDA
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
PWM16
0
RW
Channel 0 16-bit Pulse Width Modulation Enable.
This bit enables 16-bit mode when Pulse Width Modulation mode is enabled.
6
Value
Name
Description
0
8_BIT
8 to 11-bit PWM selected.
1
16_BIT
16-bit PWM selected.
ECOM
0
RW
Channel 0 Comparator Function Enable.
This bit enables the comparator function.
5
CAPP
0
RW
Channel 0 Capture Positive Function Enable.
This bit enables the positive edge capture capability.
4
CAPN
0
RW
Channel 0 Capture Negative Function Enable.
This bit enables the negative edge capture capability.
3
MAT
0
RW
Channel 0 Match Function Enable.
This bit enables the match function. When enabled, matches of the PCA counter with a module's capture/compare register
cause the CCF0 bit in the PCA0MD register to be set to logic 1.
2
TOG
0
RW
Channel 0 Toggle Function Enable.
This bit enables the toggle function. When enabled, matches of the PCA counter with the capture/compare register cause
the logic level on the CEX0 pin to toggle. If the PWM bit is also set to logic 1, the module operates in Frequency Output
Mode.
1
PWM
0
RW
Channel 0 Pulse Width Modulation Mode Enable.
This bit enables the PWM function. When enabled, a pulse width modulated signal is output on the CEX0 pin. 8 to 11-bit
PWM is used if PWM16 is cleared to 0; 16-bit mode is used if PWM16 is set to 1. If the TOG bit is also set, the module
operates in Frequency Output Mode.
0
ECCF
0
RW
Channel 0 Capture/Compare Flag Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the Capture/Compare Flag (CCF0) interrupt.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable CCF0 interrupts.
1
ENABLED
Enable a Capture/Compare Flag interrupt request when CCF0 is set.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.4.7 PCA0CPL0: PCA Channel 0 Capture Module Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
PCA0CPL0
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xFB
Bit
Name
Reset
7:0
PCA0CPL0 0x00
Access
Description
RW
PCA Channel 0 Capture Module Low Byte.
The PCA0CPL0 register holds the low byte (LSB) of the 16-bit capture module. This register address also allows access to
the low byte of the corresponding PCA channel's auto-reload value for 9 to 11-bit PWM mode. The ARSEL bit in register
PCA0PWM controls which register is accessed.
A write to this register will clear the module's ECOM bit to a 0.
17.4.8 PCA0CPH0: PCA Channel 0 Capture Module High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
PCA0CPH0
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xFC
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
PCA0CPH
0
0x00
RW
PCA Channel 0 Capture Module High Byte.
The PCA0CPH0 register holds the high byte (MSB) of the 16-bit capture module. This register address also allows access
to the high byte of the corresponding PCA channel's auto-reload value for 9 to 11-bit PWM mode. The ARSEL bit in register
PCA0PWM controls which register is accessed.
A write to this register will set the module's ECOM bit to a 1.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.4.9 PCA0CPM1: PCA Channel 1 Capture/Compare Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
PWM16
ECOM
CAPP
CAPN
MAT
TOG
PWM
ECCF
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xDB
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
PWM16
0
RW
Channel 1 16-bit Pulse Width Modulation Enable.
This bit enables 16-bit mode when Pulse Width Modulation mode is enabled.
6
Value
Name
Description
0
8_BIT
8 to 11-bit PWM selected.
1
16_BIT
16-bit PWM selected.
ECOM
0
RW
Channel 1 Comparator Function Enable.
This bit enables the comparator function.
5
CAPP
0
RW
Channel 1 Capture Positive Function Enable.
This bit enables the positive edge capture capability.
4
CAPN
0
RW
Channel 1 Capture Negative Function Enable.
This bit enables the negative edge capture capability.
3
MAT
0
RW
Channel 1 Match Function Enable.
This bit enables the match function. When enabled, matches of the PCA counter with a module's capture/compare register
cause the CCF1 bit in the PCA0MD register to be set to logic 1.
2
TOG
0
RW
Channel 1 Toggle Function Enable.
This bit enables the toggle function. When enabled, matches of the PCA counter with the capture/compare register cause
the logic level on the CEX1 pin to toggle. If the PWM bit is also set to logic 1, the module operates in Frequency Output
Mode.
1
PWM
0
RW
Channel 1 Pulse Width Modulation Mode Enable.
This bit enables the PWM function. When enabled, a pulse width modulated signal is output on the CEX1 pin. 8 to 11-bit
PWM is used if PWM16 is cleared to 0; 16-bit mode is used if PWM16 is set to 1. If the TOG bit is also set, the module
operates in Frequency Output Mode.
0
ECCF
0
RW
Channel 1 Capture/Compare Flag Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the Capture/Compare Flag (CCF1) interrupt.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable CCF1 interrupts.
1
ENABLED
Enable a Capture/Compare Flag interrupt request when CCF1 is set.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.4.10 PCA0CPL1: PCA Channel 1 Capture Module Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
PCA0CPL1
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xE9
Bit
Name
Reset
7:0
PCA0CPL1 0x00
Access
Description
RW
PCA Channel 1 Capture Module Low Byte.
The PCA0CPL1 register holds the low byte (LSB) of the 16-bit capture module. This register address also allows access to
the low byte of the corresponding PCA channel's auto-reload value for 9 to 11-bit PWM mode. The ARSEL bit in register
PCA0PWM controls which register is accessed.
A write to this register will clear the module's ECOM bit to a 0.
17.4.11 PCA0CPH1: PCA Channel 1 Capture Module High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
PCA0CPH1
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xEA
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
PCA0CPH
1
0x00
RW
PCA Channel 1 Capture Module High Byte.
The PCA0CPH1 register holds the high byte (MSB) of the 16-bit capture module. This register address also allows access
to the high byte of the corresponding PCA channel's auto-reload value for 9 to 11-bit PWM mode. The ARSEL bit in register
PCA0PWM controls which register is accessed.
A write to this register will set the module's ECOM bit to a 1.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.4.12 PCA0CPM2: PCA Channel 2 Capture/Compare Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
PWM16
ECOM
CAPP
CAPN
MAT
TOG
PWM
ECCF
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xDC
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
PWM16
0
RW
Channel 2 16-bit Pulse Width Modulation Enable.
This bit enables 16-bit mode when Pulse Width Modulation mode is enabled.
6
Value
Name
Description
0
8_BIT
8 to 11-bit PWM selected.
1
16_BIT
16-bit PWM selected.
ECOM
0
RW
Channel 2 Comparator Function Enable.
This bit enables the comparator function.
5
CAPP
0
RW
Channel 2 Capture Positive Function Enable.
This bit enables the positive edge capture capability.
4
CAPN
0
RW
Channel 2 Capture Negative Function Enable.
This bit enables the negative edge capture capability.
3
MAT
0
RW
Channel 2 Match Function Enable.
This bit enables the match function. When enabled, matches of the PCA counter with a module's capture/compare register
cause the CCF2 bit in the PCA0MD register to be set to logic 1.
2
TOG
0
RW
Channel 2 Toggle Function Enable.
This bit enables the toggle function. When enabled, matches of the PCA counter with the capture/compare register cause
the logic level on the CEX2 pin to toggle. If the PWM bit is also set to logic 1, the module operates in Frequency Output
Mode.
1
PWM
0
RW
Channel 2 Pulse Width Modulation Mode Enable.
This bit enables the PWM function. When enabled, a pulse width modulated signal is output on the CEX2 pin. 8 to 11-bit
PWM is used if PWM16 is cleared to 0; 16-bit mode is used if PWM16 is set to 1. If the TOG bit is also set, the module
operates in Frequency Output Mode.
0
ECCF
0
RW
Channel 2 Capture/Compare Flag Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the Capture/Compare Flag (CCF2) interrupt.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable CCF2 interrupts.
1
ENABLED
Enable a Capture/Compare Flag interrupt request when CCF2 is set.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.4.13 PCA0CPL2: PCA Channel 2 Capture Module Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
PCA0CPL2
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xEB
Bit
Name
Reset
7:0
PCA0CPL2 0x00
Access
Description
RW
PCA Channel 2 Capture Module Low Byte.
The PCA0CPL2 register holds the low byte (LSB) of the 16-bit capture module. This register address also allows access to
the low byte of the corresponding PCA channel's auto-reload value for 9 to 11-bit PWM mode. The ARSEL bit in register
PCA0PWM controls which register is accessed.
A write to this register will clear the module's ECOM bit to a 0.
17.4.14 PCA0CPH2: PCA Channel 2 Capture Module High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
PCA0CPH2
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xEC
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
PCA0CPH
2
0x00
RW
PCA Channel 2 Capture Module High Byte.
The PCA0CPH2 register holds the high byte (MSB) of the 16-bit capture module. This register address also allows access
to the high byte of the corresponding PCA channel's auto-reload value for 9 to 11-bit PWM mode. The ARSEL bit in register
PCA0PWM controls which register is accessed.
A write to this register will set the module's ECOM bit to a 1.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.4.15 PCA0CPM3: PCA Channel 3 Capture/Compare Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
PWM16
ECOM
CAPP
CAPN
MAT
TOG
PWM
ECCF
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xDD
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
PWM16
0
RW
Channel 3 16-bit Pulse Width Modulation Enable.
This bit enables 16-bit mode when Pulse Width Modulation mode is enabled.
6
Value
Name
Description
0
8_BIT
8 to 11-bit PWM selected.
1
16_BIT
16-bit PWM selected.
ECOM
0
RW
Channel 3 Comparator Function Enable.
This bit enables the comparator function.
5
CAPP
0
RW
Channel 3 Capture Positive Function Enable.
This bit enables the positive edge capture capability.
4
CAPN
0
RW
Channel 3 Capture Negative Function Enable.
This bit enables the negative edge capture capability.
3
MAT
0
RW
Channel 3 Match Function Enable.
This bit enables the match function. When enabled, matches of the PCA counter with a module's capture/compare register
cause the CCF3 bit in the PCA0MD register to be set to logic 1.
2
TOG
0
RW
Channel 3 Toggle Function Enable.
This bit enables the toggle function. When enabled, matches of the PCA counter with the capture/compare register cause
the logic level on the CEX3 pin to toggle. If the PWM bit is also set to logic 1, the module operates in Frequency Output
Mode.
1
PWM
0
RW
Channel 3 Pulse Width Modulation Mode Enable.
This bit enables the PWM function. When enabled, a pulse width modulated signal is output on the CEX3 pin. 8 to 11-bit
PWM is used if PWM16 is cleared to 0; 16-bit mode is used if PWM16 is set to 1. If the TOG bit is also set, the module
operates in Frequency Output Mode.
0
ECCF
0
RW
Channel 3 Capture/Compare Flag Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the Capture/Compare Flag (CCF3) interrupt.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable CCF3 interrupts.
1
ENABLED
Enable a Capture/Compare Flag interrupt request when CCF3 is set.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.4.16 PCA0CPL3: PCA Channel 3 Capture Module Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
PCA0CPL3
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xED
Bit
Name
Reset
7:0
PCA0CPL3 0x00
Access
Description
RW
PCA Channel 3 Capture Module Low Byte.
The PCA0CPL3 register holds the low byte (LSB) of the 16-bit capture module. This register address also allows access to
the low byte of the corresponding PCA channel's auto-reload value for 9 to 11-bit PWM mode. The ARSEL bit in register
PCA0PWM controls which register is accessed.
A write to this register will clear the module's ECOM bit to a 0.
17.4.17 PCA0CPH3: PCA Channel 3 Capture Module High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
PCA0CPH3
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xEE
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
PCA0CPH
3
0x00
RW
PCA Channel 3 Capture Module High Byte.
The PCA0CPH3 register holds the high byte (MSB) of the 16-bit capture module. This register address also allows access
to the high byte of the corresponding PCA channel's auto-reload value for 9 to 11-bit PWM mode. The ARSEL bit in register
PCA0PWM controls which register is accessed.
A write to this register will set the module's ECOM bit to a 1.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.4.18 PCA0CPM4: PCA Channel 4 Capture/Compare Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
PWM16
ECOM
CAPP
CAPN
MAT
TOG
PWM
ECCF
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xDE
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
PWM16
0
RW
Channel 4 16-bit Pulse Width Modulation Enable.
This bit enables 16-bit mode when Pulse Width Modulation mode is enabled.
6
Value
Name
Description
0
8_BIT
8 to 11-bit PWM selected.
1
16_BIT
16-bit PWM selected.
ECOM
0
RW
Channel 4 Comparator Function Enable.
This bit enables the comparator function.
5
CAPP
0
RW
Channel 4 Capture Positive Function Enable.
This bit enables the positive edge capture capability.
4
CAPN
0
RW
Channel 4 Capture Negative Function Enable.
This bit enables the negative edge capture capability.
3
MAT
0
RW
Channel 4 Match Function Enable.
This bit enables the match function. When enabled, matches of the PCA counter with a module's capture/compare register
cause the CCF4 bit in the PCA0MD register to be set to logic 1.
2
TOG
0
RW
Channel 4 Toggle Function Enable.
This bit enables the toggle function. When enabled, matches of the PCA counter with the capture/compare register cause
the logic level on the CEX4 pin to toggle. If the PWM bit is also set to logic 1, the module operates in Frequency Output
Mode.
1
PWM
0
RW
Channel 4 Pulse Width Modulation Mode Enable.
This bit enables the PWM function. When enabled, a pulse width modulated signal is output on the CEX4 pin. 8 to 11-bit
PWM is used if PWM16 is cleared to 0; 16-bit mode is used if PWM16 is set to 1. If the TOG bit is also set, the module
operates in Frequency Output Mode.
0
ECCF
0
RW
Channel 4 Capture/Compare Flag Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the Capture/Compare Flag (CCF4) interrupt.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable CCF4 interrupts.
1
ENABLED
Enable a Capture/Compare Flag interrupt request when CCF4 is set.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.4.19 PCA0CPL4: PCA Channel 4 Capture Module Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
PCA0CPL4
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xFD
Bit
Name
Reset
7:0
PCA0CPL4 0x00
Access
Description
RW
PCA Channel 4 Capture Module Low Byte.
The PCA0CPL4 register holds the low byte (LSB) of the 16-bit capture module. This register address also allows access to
the low byte of the corresponding PCA channel's auto-reload value for 9 to 11-bit PWM mode. The ARSEL bit in register
PCA0PWM controls which register is accessed.
A write to this register will clear the module's ECOM bit to a 0.
17.4.20 PCA0CPH4: PCA Channel 4 Capture Module High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
PCA0CPH4
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xFE
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
PCA0CPH
4
0x00
RW
PCA Channel 4 Capture Module High Byte.
The PCA0CPH4 register holds the high byte (MSB) of the 16-bit capture module. This register address also allows access
to the high byte of the corresponding PCA channel's auto-reload value for 9 to 11-bit PWM mode. The ARSEL bit in register
PCA0PWM controls which register is accessed.
A write to this register will set the module's ECOM bit to a 1.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.4.21 PCA0CPM5: PCA Channel 5 Capture/Compare Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
PWM16
ECOM
CAPP
CAPN
MAT
TOG
PWM
ECCF
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xCE
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
PWM16
0
RW
Channel 5 16-bit Pulse Width Modulation Enable.
This bit enables 16-bit mode when Pulse Width Modulation mode is enabled.
6
Value
Name
Description
0
8_BIT
8 to 11-bit PWM selected.
1
16_BIT
16-bit PWM selected.
ECOM
0
RW
Channel 5 Comparator Function Enable.
This bit enables the comparator function.
5
CAPP
0
RW
Channel 5 Capture Positive Function Enable.
This bit enables the positive edge capture capability.
4
CAPN
0
RW
Channel 5 Capture Negative Function Enable.
This bit enables the negative edge capture capability.
3
MAT
0
RW
Channel 5 Match Function Enable.
This bit enables the match function. When enabled, matches of the PCA counter with a module's capture/compare register
cause the CCF5 bit in the PCA0MD register to be set to logic 1.
2
TOG
0
RW
Channel 5 Toggle Function Enable.
This bit enables the toggle function. When enabled, matches of the PCA counter with the capture/compare register cause
the logic level on the CEX5 pin to toggle. If the PWM bit is also set to logic 1, the module operates in Frequency Output
Mode.
1
PWM
0
RW
Channel 5 Pulse Width Modulation Mode Enable.
This bit enables the PWM function. When enabled, a pulse width modulated signal is output on the CEX5 pin. 8 to 11-bit
PWM is used if PWM16 is cleared to 0; 16-bit mode is used if PWM16 is set to 1. If the TOG bit is also set, the module
operates in Frequency Output Mode.
0
ECCF
0
RW
Channel 5 Capture/Compare Flag Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the Capture/Compare Flag (CCF5) interrupt.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable CCF5 interrupts.
1
ENABLED
Enable a Capture/Compare Flag interrupt request when CCF5 is set.
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Programmable Counter Array (PCA0)
17.4.22 PCA0CPL5: PCA Channel 5 Capture Module Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
PCA0CPL5
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xD2
Bit
Name
Reset
7:0
PCA0CPL5 0x00
Access
Description
RW
PCA Channel 5 Capture Module Low Byte.
The PCA0CPL5 register holds the low byte (LSB) of the 16-bit capture module. This register address also allows access to
the low byte of the corresponding PCA channel's auto-reload value for 9 to 11-bit PWM mode. The ARSEL bit in register
PCA0PWM controls which register is accessed.
A write to this register will clear the module's ECOM bit to a 0.
17.4.23 PCA0CPH5: PCA Channel 5 Capture Module High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
PCA0CPH5
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xD3
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
PCA0CPH
5
0x00
RW
PCA Channel 5 Capture Module High Byte.
The PCA0CPH5 register holds the high byte (MSB) of the 16-bit capture module. This register address also allows access
to the high byte of the corresponding PCA channel's auto-reload value for 9 to 11-bit PWM mode. The ARSEL bit in register
PCA0PWM controls which register is accessed.
A write to this register will set the module's ECOM bit to a 1.
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External Memory Interface (EMIF0)
18. External Memory Interface (EMIF0)
18.1 Introduction
The External Memory Interface (EMIF) enables access of off-chip memories and memory-mapped devices connected to the GPIO
ports. The external memory space may be accessed using the external move instruction (MOVX) with the target address specified in
either 8-bit or 16-bit formats.
EMIF0
EMIF_WRb
EMIF_RDb
EMIF_ALEm
Timing Control
External
RAM
(XRAM)
Mode
Bus Control
EMIF_AD7
EMIF_AD6
EMIF_AD0
EMIF_A15
EMIF_A14
EMIF_A8
Figure 18.1. EMIF Block Diagram
18.2 Features
• Supports multiplexed memory access.
• Four external memory modes:
• Internal only.
• Split mode without bank select.
• Split mode with bank select.
• External only
• Configurable ALE (address latch enable) timing.
• Configurable address setup and hold times.
• Configurable write and read pulse widths.
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External Memory Interface (EMIF0)
18.3 Functional Description
18.3.1 Overview
The devices include RAM mapped into the external data memory space (XRAM). Devices with enough pins also have an External
Memory Interface (EMIF0) which can be used to access off-chip memories and memory-mapped devices connected to the GPIO ports.
The external memory space may be accessed using the external move instruction (MOVX) with the target address specified in either
the data pointer (DPTR), or with the target address low byte in R0 or R1 and the target address high byte in the External Memory Interface Control Register (EMI0CN).
When using the MOVX instruction to access on-chip RAM, no additional initialization is required, and the MOVX instruction execution
time is as specified in the core chapter. When using the MOVX instruction to access off-chip RAM or memory-mapped devices, both the
Port I/O and EMIF should be configured for communication with external devices, and MOVX instruction timing is based on the value
programmed in the Timing Control Register (EMI0TC).
Configuring the External Memory Interface for off-chip memory space access consists of four steps:
1. Configure the output modes of the associated port pins as either push-pull or open-drain (push-pull is most common) and skip the
associated pins in the Crossbar (if necessary).
2. Configure port latches to “park” the EMIF pins in a dormant state (usually by setting them to logic 1).
3. Select the memory mode (on-chip only, split mode without bank select, split mode with bank select, or off-chip only).
4. Set up timing to interface with off-chip memory or peripherals.
18.3.2 Port I/O Configuration
When the External Memory Interface is used for off-chip access, the associated port pins are shared between the EMIF and the GPIO
port latches. The Crossbar should be configured not to assign any signals to the associated port pins. In most configurations, the RDb,
WRb, and ALEm pins need to be skipped in the Crossbar to ensure they are controlled by their port latches.
The External Memory Interface claims the associated port pins for memory operations only during the execution of an off-chip MOVX
instruction. Once the MOVX instruction has completed, control of the Port pins reverts to the Port latches. The Port latches should be
explicitly configured to “park” the External Memory Interface pins in a dormant state, most commonly by setting them to a logic 1.
During the execution of the MOVX instruction, the External Memory Interface will explicitly disable the drivers on all port pins that are
acting as inputs (Data[7:0] during a Read operation, for example). For port pins acting as outputs (Data[7:0] during a Write operation,
for example), the External Memory Interface will not automatically enable the output driver. The output mode (whether the pin is configured as open-drain or push-pull) of bi-directional and output only pins should be configured to the desired mode when the pin is being
used as an output.
The output mode of the port pins while controlled by the GPIO latch is unaffected by the External Memory Interface operation and remains controlled by the PnMDOUT registers. In most cases, the output modes of all EMIF pins should be configured for push-pull
mode.
18.3.2.1 EMIF Pin Mapping
Table 18.1. EMIF Pin Mapping
Multiplexed EMIF Signal Name
Description
QFP32 Pin Name
QFN32 Pin Name
QFN24 Pin Name
WRb
Write Enable
P2.6
P2.6
Not Available
RDb
Read Enable
P2.5
P2.5
Not Available
ALEm
Address Latch Enable
P2.4
P2.4
Not Available
AD0m
Address/Data Bit 0
P1.0
P1.0
Not Available
AD1m
Address/Data Bit 1
P1.1
P1.1
Not Available
AD2m
Address/Data Bit 2
P1.2
P1.2
Not Available
AD3m
Address/Data Bit 3
P1.3
P1.3
Not Available
AD4m
Address/Data Bit 4
P1.4
P1.4
Not Available
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External Memory Interface (EMIF0)
Multiplexed EMIF Signal Name
Description
QFP32 Pin Name
QFN32 Pin Name
QFN24 Pin Name
AD5m
Address/Data Bit 5
P1.5
P1.5
Not Available
AD6m
Address/Data Bit 6
P1.6
P1.6
Not Available
AD7m
Address/Data Bit 7
P1.7
P1.7
Not Available
A8m
Address Bit 8
P2.0
P2.0
Not Available
A9m
Address Bit 9
P2.1
P2.1
Not Available
A10m
Address Bit 10
P2.2
P2.2
Not Available
A11m
Address Bit 11
P2.3
P2.3
Not Available
Note:
1. EFM8SB2 devices support only multiplexed EMIF modes.
2. EFM8SB2 devices support up to 12 address lines.
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External Memory Interface (EMIF0)
18.3.3 Multiplexed External Memory Interface
For a Multiplexed external memory interface, the Data Bus and the lower 8-bits of the Address Bus share the same Port pins: AD[7:0]m.
For most devices with an 8-bit interface, the upper address bits are not used and can be used as GPIO if the external memory interface
is used in 8-bit non-banked mode. If the external memory interface is used in 8-bit banked mode or 16-bit mode, then the address pins
will be driven with the upper address bits and cannot be used as GPIO.
Address Bus (16-bit or 8-bit)
A[15:8]m
LEDs/
Switches
Ethernet
VDD
EMIF
(Optional)
Controller
(8-bit
Interface)
8
AD[7:0]m
Address/Data Bus
AD[7:0]
CS
WR
RD
ALE
WRb
RDb
ALEm
Figure 18.2. Multiplexed Configuration Example
Many devices with a slave parallel memory interface, such as SRAM chips, only support a non-multiplexed memory bus. When interfacing to such a device, an external latch (74HC373 or equivalent logic gate) can be used to hold the lower 8-bits of the RAM address
during the second half of the memory cycle when the address/data bus contains data. The external latch, controlled by the ALEm (Address Latch Enable) signal, is automatically driven by the External Memory Interface logic. An example SRAM interface showing multiplexed to non-multiplexed conversion is shown in below.
This example is showing that the external MOVX operation can be broken into two phases delineated by the state of the ALEm signal.
During the first phase, ALEm is high and the lower 8-bits of the Address Bus are presented to AD[7:0]m. During this phase, the address
latch is configured such that the Q outputs reflect the states of the D inputs. When ALEm falls, signaling the beginning of the second
phase, the address latch outputs remain fixed and are no longer dependent on the latch inputs. Later in the second phase, the Data
Bus controls the state of the AD[7:0]m port at the time RDb or WRb is asserted.
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External Memory Interface (EMIF0)
A[15:8]m
Address Bus
A[15:8]
74HC373
ALEm
AD[7:0]m
Address/Data Bus
EMIF
D
Q
A[7:0]
4K X 8
SRAM
VDD
(Optional)
8
I/O[7:0]
CE
WE
OE
WRb
RDb
Figure 18.3. Multiplexed to Non-Multiplexed Configuration Example
18.3.4 Operating Modes
The external data memory space can be configured in one of four operating modes based on the EMIF Mode bits in the EMI0CF register. These modes are as follows:
• Internal Only
• Split Mode without Bank Select
• Split Mode with Bank Select
• External Only
Timing diagrams for the different modes can be found in the Multiplexed Mode Section.
Split Mode without
Bank Select
Internal Only
0xFFFF
0xFFFF
0xFFFF
Split Mode with
Bank Select
External Only
0xFFFF
On-Chip XRAM
On-Chip XRAM
On-Chip XRAM
Off-Chip Memory
Off-Chip Memory
Off-Chip Memory
On-Chip XRAM
On-Chip XRAM
On-Chip XRAM
0x0000
On-Chip XRAM
0x0000
On-Chip XRAM
0x0000
0x0000
Figure 18.4. EMIF Operating Modes
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External Memory Interface (EMIF0)
Internal Only
In Internal Only mode, all MOVX instructions will target the internal XRAM space on the device. Memory accesses to addresses beyond
the populated space will wrap and will always target on-chip XRAM. As an example, if the entire address space is consecutively written
and the data pointer is incremented after each write, the write pointer will always point to the first byte of on-chip XRAM after the last
byte of on-chip XRAM has been written.
• 8-bit MOVX operations use the contents of EMI0CN to determine the high-byte of the effective address and R0 or R1 to determine
the low-byte of the effective address.
• 16-bit MOVX operations use the contents of the 16-bit DPTR to determine the effective address.
Split Mode without Bank Select
In Split Mode without Bank Select, the XRAM memory map is split into two areas: on-chip space and off-chip space.
• Effective addresses below the on-chip XRAM boundary will access on-chip XRAM space.
• Effective addresses above the on-chip XRAM boundary will access off-chip space.
• 8-bit MOVX operations use the contents of EMI0CN to determine whether the memory access is onchip or off-chip. However, in the
No Bank Select mode, an 8-bit MOVX operation will not drive the upper bits A[15:8] of the Address Bus during an off-chip access.
This allows firmware to manipulate the upper address bits at will by setting the port state directly via the port latches. This behavior
is in contrast with Split Mode with Bank Select. The lower 8-bits of the Address Bus A[7:0] are driven, determined by R0 or R1.
• 16-bit MOVX operations use the contents of DPTR to determine whether the memory access is onchip or off-chip, and unlike 8-bit
MOVX operations, the full 16-bits of the Address Bus A[15:0] are driven during the off-chip transaction.
Split Mode with Bank Select
In Split Mode with Bank Select, the XRAM memory map is split into two areas: on-chip space and off-chip space.
• Effective addresses below the on-chip XRAM boundary will access on-chip XRAM space.
• Effective addresses above the on-chip XRAM boundary will access off-chip space.
• 8-bit MOVX operations use the contents of EMI0CN to determine whether the memory access is onchip or off-chip. The upper bits of
the Address Bus A[15:8] are determined by EMI0CN, and the lower 8-bits of the Address Bus A[7:0] are determined by R0 or R1. All
16-bits of the Address Bus A[15:0] are driven in Bank Select mode.
• 16-bit MOVX operations use the contents of DPTR to determine whether the memory access is onchip or off-chip, and the full 16bits of the Address Bus A[15:0] are driven during the off-chip transactions.
External Only
In External Only mode, all MOVX operations are directed to off-chip space. On-chip XRAM is not visible to the CPU. This mode is useful for accessing off-chip memory located between 0x0000 and the on-chip XRAM boundary.
• 8-bit MOVX operations ignore the contents of EMI0CN. The upper Address bits A[15:8] are not driven (identical behavior to an offchip access in Split Mode without Bank Select). This allows firmware to manipulate the upper address bits at will by setting the port
state directly. The lower 8-bits of the effective address A[7:0] are determined by the contents of R0 or R1.
• 16-bit MOVX operations use the contents of DPTR to determine the effective address A[15:0]. The full 16-bits of the Address Bus
A[15:0] are driven during the off-chip transaction.
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External Memory Interface (EMIF0)
18.3.5 Timing
The timing parameters of the External Memory Interface can be configured to enable connection to devices having different setup and
hold time requirements. The Address Setup time, Address Hold time, RDb and WRb strobe widths, and in multiplexed mode, the width
of the ALE pulse are all programmable in units of SYSCLK periods.
The timing for an off-chip MOVX instruction can be calculated by adding 4 SYSCLK cycles to the timing parameters defined by the
EMIF registers. Assuming non-multiplexed operation, the minimum execution time for an off-chip XRAM operation is 5 SYSCLK cycles
(1 SYSCLK for RDb or WRb pulse + 4 SYSCLKs). For multiplexed operations, the Address Latch Enable signal will require a minimum
of 2 additional SYSCLK cycles. Therefore, the minimum execution time of an off-chip XRAM operation in multiplexed mode is 7
SYSCLK cycles (2 SYSCLKs for ALEm, 1 for RDb or WRb + 4 SYSCLKs). The programmable setup and hold times default to the maximum delay settings after a reset.
Table 18.2. External Memory Interface Timing
Parameter
Description
Min
Max
Units
TACS
Address/Control Setup Time
0
3 x TSYSCLK
ns
TACW
Address/Control Pulse Width
1 x TSYSCLK
16 x TSYSCLK
ns
TACH
Address/Control Hold Time
0
3 x TSYSCLK
ns
TALEH
Address Latch Enable High Time
1 x TSYSCLK
4 x TSYSCLK
ns
TALEL
Address Latch Enable Low Time
1 x TSYSCLK
4 x TSYSCLK
ns
TWDS
Write Data Setup Time
1 x TSYSCLK
19 x TSYSCLK
ns
TWDH
Write Data Hold Time
0
3 x TSYSCLK
ns
TRDS
Read Data Setup Time
20
—
ns
TRDH
Read Data Hold Time
0
—
ns
Note: TSYSCLK is equal to one period of the device system clock (SYSCLK).
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External Memory Interface (EMIF0)
18.3.5.1 Multiplexed Mode
Figure 18.5 Multiplexed 16-bit MOVX Timing on page 200 through Figure 18.7 Multiplexed 8-bit MOVX with Bank Select Timing on
page 202 show the timing diagrams for the different External Memory Interface multiplexed modes and MOVX operations.
Muxed 16-bit Write
A[15:8]m
AD[7:0]m
EMIF Address (8 MSBs) from DPH
EMIF Address (8 LSBs) from DPL
T
ALEH
A[15:8]m
EMIF Write Data
AD[7:0]m
T
ALEL
ALEm
ALEm
T
WDS
T
ACS
T
WDH
T
ACW
T
ACH
WRb
WRb
RDb
RDb
Muxed 16-bit Read
A[15:8]m
AD[7:0]m
EMIF Address (8 MSBs) from DPH
EMIF Address (8 LSBs) from DPL
T
ALEH
A[15:8]m
EMIF Read Data
T
ALEL
T
RDS
AD[7:0]m
T
RDH
ALEm
ALEm
T
ACS
T
ACW
T
ACH
RDb
RDb
WRb
WRb
Figure 18.5. Multiplexed 16-bit MOVX Timing
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External Memory Interface (EMIF0)
Muxed 8-bit Write Without Bank Select
A[15:8]m
AD[7:0]m
A[15:8]m
Port Latch Controlled (GPIO)
EMIF Address (8 LSBs) from R0 or R1
T
ALEH
EMIF Write Data
AD[7:0]m
T
ALEL
ALEm
ALEm
T
WDS
T
ACS
T
WDH
T
ACW
T
ACH
WRb
WRb
RDb
RDb
Muxed 8-bit Read Without Bank Select
A[15:8]m
AD[7:0]m
A[15:8]m
Port Latch Controlled (GPIO)
EMIF Address (8 LSBs) from R0 or R1
T
ALEH
EMIF Read Data
T
ALEL
T
RDS
AD[7:0]m
T
RDH
ALEm
ALEm
T
ACS
T
ACW
T
ACH
RDb
RDb
WRb
WRb
Figure 18.6. Multiplexed 8-bit MOVX without Bank Select Timing
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External Memory Interface (EMIF0)
Muxed 8-bit Write with Bank Select
A[15:8]m
AD[7:0]m
EMIF Address (8 MSBs) from EMI0CN
EMIF Address (8 LSBs) from R0 or R1
T
ALEH
A[15:8]m
EMIF Write Data
AD[7:0]m
T
ALEL
ALEm
ALEm
T
WDS
T
ACS
T
WDH
T
ACW
T
ACH
WRb
WRb
RDb
RDb
Muxed 8-bit Read with Bank Select
A[15:8]m
AD[7:0]m
EMIF Address (8 MSBs) from EMI0CN
EMIF Address (8 LSBs) from R0 or R1
T
ALEH
A[15:8]m
EMIF Read Data
T
ALEL
T
RDS
AD[7:0]m
T
RDH
ALEm
ALEm
T
ACS
T
ACW
T
ACH
RDb
RDb
WRb
WRb
Figure 18.7. Multiplexed 8-bit MOVX with Bank Select Timing
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External Memory Interface (EMIF0)
18.4 EMIF0 Control Registers
18.4.1 EMI0CN: External Memory Interface Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Name
Reserved
PGSEL
Access
RW
RW
Reset
0x0
0x00
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xAA
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
7:5
Reserved
Must write reset value.
4:0
PGSEL
0x00
RW
Description
XRAM Page Select.
The XRAM Page Select field provides the high byte of the 16-bit external data memory address when using an 8-bit MOVX
command, effectively selecting a 256-byte page of RAM.
0x00: 0x0000 to 0x00FF
0x01: 0x0100 to 0x01FF
...
0xFE: 0xFE00 to 0xFEFF
0xFF: 0xFF00 to 0xFFFF
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External Memory Interface (EMIF0)
18.4.2 EMI0CF: External Memory Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
Reserved
EMD
EALE
Access
RW
RW
RW
Reset
0x0
0x0
0x3
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xAB
Bit
Name
Reset
7:4
Reserved
Must write reset value.
3:2
EMD
0x0
Value
Name
Description
0x0
INTERNAL_ONLY
Internal Only: MOVX accesses on-chip XRAM only. All effective addresses alias
to on-chip memory space.
0x1
SPLIT_WITHOUT_BANK_SELECT
Split Mode without Bank Select: Accesses below the internal XRAM boundary are
directed on-chip. Accesses above the internal XRAM boundary are directed offchip. 8-bit off-chip MOVX operations use the current contents of the Address high
port latches to resolve the upper address byte. To access off chip space, EMI0CN
must be set to a page that is not contained in the on-chip address space.
0x2
SPLIT_WITH_BANK_S
ELECT
Split Mode with Bank Select: Accesses below the internal XRAM boundary are directed on-chip. Accesses above the internal XRAM boundary are directed offchip. 8-bit off-chip MOVX operations uses the contents of EMI0CN to determine
the high-byte of the address.
0x3
EXTERNAL_ONLY
External Only: MOVX accesses off-chip XRAM only. On-chip XRAM is not visible
to the core.
EALE
0x3
ALE Pulse-Width Select.
1:0
Access
RW
RW
Description
EMIF Operating Mode Select.
These bits only have an effect when the EMIF is in multiplexed mode (MUXMD = 0).
Value
Name
Description
0x0
1_CLOCK
ALE high and ALE low pulse width = 1 SYSCLK cycle.
0x1
2_CLOCKS
ALE high and ALE low pulse width = 2 SYSCLK cycles.
0x2
3_CLOCKS
ALE high and ALE low pulse width = 3 SYSCLK cycles.
0x3
4_CLOCKS
ALE high and ALE low pulse width = 4 SYSCLK cycles.
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External Memory Interface (EMIF0)
18.4.3 EMI0TC: External Memory Timing Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
ASETUP
PWIDTH
AHOLD
Access
RW
RW
RW
Reset
0x3
0xF
0x3
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xAF
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:6
ASETUP
0x3
RW
EMIF Address Setup Time.
Value
Name
Description
0x0
0_CLOCKS
Address setup time = 0 SYSCLK cycles.
0x1
1_CLOCK
Address setup time = 1 SYSCLK cycle.
0x2
2_CLOCKS
Address setup time = 2 SYSCLK cycles.
0x3
3_CLOCKS
Address setup time = 3 SYSCLK cycles.
PWIDTH
0xF
Value
Name
Description
0x0
1_CLOCK
/WR and /RD pulse width is 1 SYSCLK cycle.
0x1
2_CLOCKS
/WR and /RD pulse width is 2 SYSCLK cycles.
0x2
3_CLOCKS
/WR and /RD pulse width is 3 SYSCLK cycles.
0x3
4_CLOCKS
/WR and /RD pulse width is 4 SYSCLK cycles.
0x4
5_CLOCKS
/WR and /RD pulse width is 5 SYSCLK cycles.
0x5
6_CLOCKS
/WR and /RD pulse width is 6 SYSCLK cycles.
0x6
7_CLOCKS
/WR and /RD pulse width is 7 SYSCLK cycles.
0x7
8_CLOCKS
/WR and /RD pulse width is 8 SYSCLK cycles.
0x8
9_CLOCKS
/WR and /RD pulse width is 9 SYSCLK cycles.
0x9
10_CLOCKS
/WR and /RD pulse width is 10 SYSCLK cycles.
0xA
11_CLOCKS
/WR and /RD pulse width is 11 SYSCLK cycles.
0xB
12_CLOCKS
/WR and /RD pulse width is 12 SYSCLK cycles.
0xC
13_CLOCKS
/WR and /RD pulse width is 13 SYSCLK cycles.
0xD
14_CLOCKS
/WR and /RD pulse width is 14 SYSCLK cycles.
0xE
15_CLOCKS
/WR and /RD pulse width is 15 SYSCLK cycles.
0xF
16_CLOCKS
/WR and /RD pulse width is 16 SYSCLK cycles.
AHOLD
0x3
EMIF Address Hold Time.
Value
Name
Description
0x0
0_CLOCKS
Address hold time = 0 SYSCLK cycles.
0x1
1_CLOCK
Address hold time = 1 SYSCLK cycle.
0x2
2_CLOCKS
Address hold time = 2 SYSCLK cycles.
5:2
1:0
RW
RW
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External Memory Interface (EMIF0)
Bit
Name
Reset
0x3
3_CLOCKS
Access
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Description
Address hold time = 3 SYSCLK cycles.
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Serial Peripheral Interfaces (SPI0 and SPI1)
19. Serial Peripheral Interfaces (SPI0 and SPI1)
19.1 Introduction
The serial peripheral interface (SPI) module provides access to a flexible, full-duplex synchronous serial bus. The SPI can operate as a
master or slave device in both 3-wire or 4-wire modes, and supports multiple masters and slaves on a single SPI bus. The slave-select
(NSS) signal can be configured as an input to select the SPI in slave mode, or to disable master mode operation in a multi-master
environment, avoiding contention on the SPI bus when more than one master attempts simultaneous data transfers. NSS can also be
configured as a firmware-controlled chip-select output in master mode, or disabled to reduce the number of pins required. Additional
general purpose port I/O pins can be used to select multiple slave devices in master mode.
SPI0
SCK Phase
Master or Slave
SCK Polarity
NSS Control
NSS
SYSCLK
Clock Rate Generator
Bus Control
SCK
Shift Register
MISO
MOSI
TX Buffer
RX Buffer
SPI0DAT
Figure 19.1. SPI Block Diagram
19.2 Features
The SPI module includes the following features:
• Supports 3- or 4-wire operation in master or slave modes.
• Supports external clock frequencies up to SYSCLK / 2 in master mode and SYSCLK / 10 in slave mode.
• Support for four clock phase and polarity options.
• 8-bit dedicated clock clock rate generator.
• Support for multiple masters on the same data lines.
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Serial Peripheral Interfaces (SPI0 and SPI1)
19.3 Functional Description
19.3.1 Signals
The SPI interface consists of up to four signals: MOSI, MISO, SCK, and NSS.
Master Out, Slave In (MOSI): The MOSI signal is the data output pin when configured as a master device and the data input pin when
configured as a slave. It is used to serially transfer data from the master to the slave. Data is transferred on the MOSI pin most-significant bit first. When configured as a master, MOSI is driven from the internal shift register in both 3- and 4-wire mode.
Master In, Slave Out (MISO): The MISO signal is the data input pin when configured as a master device and the data output pin when
configured as a slave. It is used to serially transfer data from the slave to the master. Data is transferred on the MISO pin most-significant bit first. The MISO pin is placed in a high-impedance state when the SPI module is disabled or when the SPI operates in 4-wire
mode as a slave that is not selected. When acting as a slave in 3-wire mode, MISO is always driven from the internal shift register.
Serial Clock (SCK): The SCK signal is an output from the master device and an input to slave devices. It is used to synchronize the
transfer of data between the master and slave on the MOSI and MISO lines. The SPI module generates this signal when operating as a
master and receives it as a slave. The SCK signal is ignored by a SPI slave when the slave is not selected in 4-wire slave mode.
Slave Select (NSS): The function of the slave-select (NSS) signal is dependent on the setting of the NSSMD bitfield. There are three
possible modes that can be selected with these bits:
• NSSMD[1:0] = 00: 3-Wire Master or 3-Wire Slave Mode: The SPI operates in 3-wire mode, and NSS is disabled. When operating as
a slave device, the SPI is always selected in 3-wire mode. Since no select signal is present, the SPI must be the only slave on the
bus in 3-wire mode. This is intended for point-to-point communication between a master and a single slave.
• NSSMD[1:0] = 01: 4-Wire Slave or Multi-Master Mode: The SPI operates in 4-wire mode, and NSS is configured as an input. When
operating as a slave, NSS selects the SPI device. When operating as a master, a 1-to- 0 transition of the NSS signal disables the
master function of the SPI module so that multiple master devices can be used on the same SPI bus.
• NSSMD[1:0] = 1x: 4-Wire Master Mode: The SPI operates in 4-wire mode, and NSS is enabled as an output. The setting of
NSSMD0 determines what logic level the NSS pin will output. This configuration should only be used when operating the SPI as a
master device.
The setting of NSSMD bits affects the pinout of the device. When in 3-wire master or 3-wire slave mode, the NSS pin will not be mapped by the crossbar. In all other modes, the NSS signal will be mapped to a pin on the device.
Master Device
Slave Device
SCK
SCK
MISO
MISO
MOSI
MOSI
NSS
NSS
Figure 19.2. 4-Wire Connection Diagram
Master Device
Slave Device
SCK
SCK
MISO
MISO
MOSI
MOSI
Figure 19.3. 3-Wire Connection Diagram
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Serial Peripheral Interfaces (SPI0 and SPI1)
Master Device 1
Slave Device
SCK
SCK
MISO
MISO
MOSI
MOSI
NSS
NSS
port pin
Master Device 2
NSS
MOSI
MISO
SCK
port pin
Figure 19.4. Multi-Master Connection Diagram
19.3.2 Master Mode Operation
An SPI master device initiates all data transfers on a SPI bus. It drives the SCK line and controls the speed at which data is transferred.
To place the SPI in master mode, the MSTEN bit should be set to 1. Writing a byte of data to the SPInDAT register writes to the transmit buffer. If the SPI shift register is empty, a byte is moved from the transmit buffer into the shift register, and a bi-directional data
transfer begins. The SPI module provides the serial clock on SCK, while simultaneously shifting data out of the shift register MSB-first
on MOSI and into the shift register MSB-first on MISO. Upon completing a transfer, the data received is moved from the shift register
into the receive buffer. If the transmit buffer is not empty, the next byte in the transmit buffer will be moved into the shift register and the
next data transfer will begin. If no new data is available in the transmit buffer, the SPI will halt and wait for new data to initiate the next
transfer. Bytes that have been received and stored in the receive buffer may be read from the buffer via the SPInDAT register.
19.3.3 Slave Mode Operation
When the SPI block is enabled and not configured as a master, it will operate as a SPI slave. As a slave, bytes are shifted in through
the MOSI pin and out through the MISO pin by an external master device controlling the SCK signal. A bit counter in the SPI logic
counts SCK edges. When 8 bits have been shifted through the shift register, a byte is copied into the receive buffer. Data is read from
the receive buffer by reading SPInDAT. A slave device cannot initiate transfers. Data to be transferred to the master device is pre-loaded into the transmit buffer by writing to SPInDAT and will transfer to the shift register on byte boundaries in the order in which they
were written to the buffer.
When configured as a slave, SPI0 can be configured for 4-wire or 3-wire operation. In the default, 4-wire slave mode, the NSS signal is
routed to a port pin and configured as a digital input. The SPI interface is enabled when NSS is logic 0, and disabled when NSS is logic
1. The internal shift register bit counter is reset on a falling edge of NSS. When operated in 3-wire slave mode, NSS is not mapped to
an external port pin through the crossbar. Since there is no way of uniquely addressing the device in 3-wire slave mode, the SPI must
be the only slave device present on the bus. It is important to note that in 3-wire slave mode there is no external means of resetting the
bit counter that determines when a full byte has been received. The bit counter can only be reset by disabling and re-enabling the SPI
module with the SPIEN bit.
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Serial Peripheral Interfaces (SPI0 and SPI1)
19.3.4 Clock Phase and Polarity
Four combinations of serial clock phase and polarity can be selected using the clock control bits in the SPInCFG register. The CKPHA
bit selects one of two clock phases (edge used to latch the data). The CKPOL bit selects between an active-high or active-low clock.
Both master and slave devices must be configured to use the same clock phase and polarity. The SPI module should be disabled (by
clearing the SPIEN bit) when changing the clock phase or polarity. Note that CKPHA should be set to 0 on both the master and slave
SPI when communicating between two Silicon Labs devices.
SCK
(CKPOL=0, CKPHA=0)
SCK
(CKPOL=0, CKPHA=1)
SCK
(CKPOL=1, CKPHA=0)
SCK
(CKPOL=1, CKPHA=1)
MISO/MOSI
MSB
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Figure 19.5. Master Mode Data/Clock Timing
SCK
(CKPOL=0, CKPHA=0)
SCK
(CKPOL=1, CKPHA=0)
MOSI
MSB
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
MISO
MSB
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
NSS (4-Wire Mode)
Figure 19.6. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 0)
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Serial Peripheral Interfaces (SPI0 and SPI1)
SCK
(CKPOL=0, CKPHA=1)
SCK
(CKPOL=1, CKPHA=1)
MOSI
MSB
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
MISO
MSB
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Bit 0
NSS (4-Wire Mode)
Figure 19.7. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 1)
19.3.5 Basic Data Transfer
The SPI bus is inherently full-duplex. It sends and receives a single byte on every transfer. The SPI peripheral may be operated on a
byte-by-byte basis using the SPInDAT register and the SPIF flag. The method firmware uses to send and receive data through the SPI
interface is the same in either mode, but the hardware will react differently.
Master Transfers
As an SPI master, all transfers are initiated with a write to SPInDAT, and the SPIF flag will be set by hardware to indicate the end of
each transfer. The general method for a single-byte master transfer follows:
1. Write the data to be sent to SPInDAT. The transfer will begin on the bus at this time.
2. Wait for the SPIF flag to generate an interrupt, or poll SPIF until it is set to 1.
3. Read the received data from SPInDAT.
4. Clear the SPIF flag to 0.
5. Repeat the sequence for any additional transfers.
Slave Transfers
As a SPI slave, the transfers are initiated by an external master device driving the bus. Slave firmware may anticipate any output data
needs by pre-loading the SPInDAT register before the master begins the transfer.
1. Write any data to be sent to SPInDAT. The transfer will not begin until the external master device initiates it.
2. Wait for the SPIF flag to generate an interrupt, or poll SPIF until it is set to 1.
3. Read the received data from SPInDAT.
4. Clear the SPIF flag to 0.
5. Repeat the sequence for any additional transfers.
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Serial Peripheral Interfaces (SPI0 and SPI1)
19.3.6 SPI Timing Diagrams
SCK*
T
T
MCKH
MCKL
T
T
MIS
MIH
MISO
MOSI
* SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1.
Figure 19.8. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 0)
SCK*
T
T
MCKH
MCKL
T
MIS
T
MIH
MISO
MOSI
* SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1.
Figure 19.9. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 1)
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NSS
T
T
SE
T
CKL
SD
SCK*
T
CKH
T
SIS
T
SIH
MOSI
T
T
SEZ
T
SOH
SDZ
MISO
* SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1.
Figure 19.10. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 0)
NSS
T
T
SE
T
CKL
SD
SCK*
T
CKH
T
SIS
T
SIH
MOSI
T
SEZ
T
T
SOH
SLH
T
SDZ
MISO
* SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1.
Figure 19.11. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 1)
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Serial Peripheral Interfaces (SPI0 and SPI1)
Table 19.1. SPI Timing Parameters
Parameter
Description
Min
Max
Units
Master Mode Timing
TMCKH
SCK High Time
1 x TSYSCLK
—
ns
TMCKL
SCK Low Time
1 x TSYSCLK
—
ns
1 x TSYSCLK + 20
—
ns
0
—
ns
TMIS
MISO Valid to SCK Shift Edge
TMIH
SCK Shift Edge to MISO Change
Slave Mode Timing
TSE
NSS Falling to First SCK Edge
2 x TSYSCLK
—
ns
TSD
Last SCK Edge to NSS Rising
2 x TSYSCLK
—
ns
TSEZ
NSS Falling to MISO Valid
—
4 x TSYSCLK
ns
TSDZ
NSS Rising to MISO High-Z
—
4 x TSYSCLK
ns
TCKH
SCK High Time
5 x TSYSCLK
—
ns
TCKL
SCK Low Time
5 x TSYSCLK
—
ns
TSIS
MOSI Valid to SCK Sample Edge
2 x TSYSCLK
—
ns
TSIH
SCK Sample Edge to MOSI Change
2 x TSYSCLK
—
ns
TSOH
SCK Shift Edge to MISO Change
—
4 x TSYSCLK
ns
TSLH
Last SCK Edge to MISO Change (CKPHA
= 1 ONLY)
6 x TSYSCLK
8 x TSYSCLK
ns
Note:
1. TSYSCLK is equal to one period of the device system clock (SYSCLK).
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Serial Peripheral Interfaces (SPI0 and SPI1)
19.4 SPI0 Control Registers
19.4.1 SPI0CFG: SPI0 Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
SPIBSY
MSTEN
CKPHA
CKPOL
SLVSEL
NSSIN
SRMT
RXBMT
Access
R
RW
RW
RW
R
R
R
R
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xA1
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
SPIBSY
0
R
SPI Busy.
This bit is set to logic 1 when a SPI transfer is in progress (master or slave mode).
6
5
4
3
MSTEN
0
RW
Value
Name
Description
0
MASTER_DISABLED
Disable master mode. Operate in slave mode.
1
MASTER_ENABLED
Enable master mode. Operate as a master.
CKPHA
0
SPI0 Clock Phase.
Value
Name
Description
0
DATA_CENTERED_FIRST
Data centered on first edge of SCK period.
1
DATA_CENTERED_SECOND
Data centered on second edge of SCK period.
CKPOL
0
SPI0 Clock Polarity.
Value
Name
Description
0
IDLE_LOW
SCK line low in idle state.
1
IDLE_HIGH
SCK line high in idle state.
SLVSEL
0
RW
RW
R
Master Mode Enable.
Slave Selected Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 whenever the NSS pin is low indicating SPI0 is the selected slave. It is cleared to logic 0 when NSS
is high (slave not selected). This bit does not indicate the instantaneous value at the NSS pin, but rather a de-glitched version of the pin input.
2
NSSIN
1
R
NSS Instantaneous Pin Input.
This bit mimics the instantaneous value that is present on the NSS port pin at the time that the register is read. This input is
not de-glitched.
1
SRMT
1
R
Shift Register Empty.
This bit will be set to logic 1 when all data has been transferred in/out of the shift register, and there is no new information
available to read from the transmit buffer or write to the receive buffer. It returns to logic 0 when a data byte is transferred to
the shift register from the transmit buffer or by a transition on SCK.
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Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
0
RXBMT
1
R
Receive Buffer Empty.
This bit is valid in slave mode only and will be set to logic 1 when the receive buffer has been read and contains no new
information. If there is new information available in the receive buffer that has not been read, this bit will return to logic 0.
RXBMT = 1 when in Master Mode.
In slave mode, data on MOSI is sampled in the center of each data bit. In master mode, data on MISO is sampled one SYSCLK
before the end of each data bit, to provide maximum settling time for the slave device.
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19.4.2 SPI0CN0: SPI0 Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
SPIF
WCOL
MODF
RXOVRN
Access
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
Reset
3
2
1
0
NSSMD
TXBMT
SPIEN
RW
RW
R
RW
0
0x1
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xF8 (bit-addressable)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
SPIF
0
RW
SPI0 Interrupt Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware at the end of a data transfer. If SPI interrupts are enabled, an interrupt will be generated. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware, and must be cleared by firmware.
6
WCOL
0
RW
Write Collision Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 if a write to SPI0DAT is attempted when TXBMT is 0. When this occurs, the write to SPI0DAT will
be ignored, and the transmit buffer will not be written. If SPI interrupts are enabled, an interrupt will be generated. This bit is
not automatically cleared by hardware, and must be cleared by firmware.
5
MODF
0
RW
Mode Fault Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware when a master mode collision is detected (NSS is low, MSTEN = 1, and NSSMD =
01). If SPI interrupts are enabled, an interrupt will be generated. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware, and must
be cleared by firmware.
4
RXOVRN
0
RW
Receive Overrun Flag.
This bit is valid for slave mode only and is set to logic 1 by hardware when the receive buffer still holds unread data from a
previous transfer and the last bit of the current transfer is shifted into the SPI0 shift register. If SPI interrupts are enabled,
an interrupt will be generated. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware, and must be cleared by firmware.
3:2
NSSMD
0x1
RW
Slave Select Mode.
Selects between the following NSS operation modes:
1
Value
Name
Description
0x0
3_WIRE
3-Wire Slave or 3-Wire Master Mode. NSS signal is not routed to a port pin.
0x1
4_WIRE_SLAVE
4-Wire Slave or Multi-Master Mode. NSS is an input to the device.
0x2
4_WIRE_MASTER_NSS_LOW
4-Wire Single-Master Mode. NSS is an output and logic low.
0x3
4_WIRE_MASTER_NSS_HIGH
4-Wire Single-Master Mode. NSS is an output and logic high.
TXBMT
1
Transmit Buffer Empty.
R
This bit will be set to logic 0 when new data has been written to the transmit buffer. When data in the transmit buffer is
transferred to the SPI shift register, this bit will be set to logic 1, indicating that it is safe to write a new byte to the transmit
buffer.
0
SPIEN
0
RW
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable the SPI module.
1
ENABLED
Enable the SPI module.
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SPI0 Enable.
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19.4.3 SPI0CKR: SPI0 Clock Rate
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
SPI0CKR
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xA2
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
SPI0CKR
0x00
RW
SPI0 Clock Rate.
These bits determine the frequency of the SCK output when the SPI0 module is configured for master mode operation. The
SCK clock frequency is a divided version of the system clock, and is given in the following equation, where SYSCLK is the
system clock frequency and SPI0CKR is the 8-bit value held in the SPI0CKR register.
fsck = SYSCLK / (2 * (SPI0CKR + 1))
for 0 <= SPI0CKR <= 255
19.4.4 SPI0DAT: SPI0 Data
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
SPI0DAT
Access
RW
Reset
2
1
0
Varies
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xA3
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
SPI0DAT
Varies
RW
SPI0 Transmit and Receive Data.
The SPI0DAT register is used to transmit and receive SPI0 data. Writing data to SPI0DAT places the data into the transmit
buffer and initiates a transfer when in master mode. A read of SPI0DAT returns the contents of the receive buffer.
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19.5 SPI1 Control Registers
19.5.1 SPI1CFG: SPI1 Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
SPIBSY
MSTEN
CKPHA
CKPOL
SLVSEL
NSSIN
SRMT
RXBMT
Access
R
RW
RW
RW
R
R
R
R
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x84
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
SPIBSY
0
R
SPI Busy.
This bit is set to logic 1 when a SPI transfer is in progress (master or slave mode).
6
5
4
3
MSTEN
0
RW
Value
Name
Description
0
MASTER_DISABLED
Disable master mode. Operate in slave mode.
1
MASTER_ENABLED
Enable master mode. Operate as a master.
CKPHA
0
SPI1 Clock Phase.
Value
Name
Description
0
DATA_CENTERED_FIRST
Data centered on first edge of SCK period.
1
DATA_CENTERED_SECOND
Data centered on second edge of SCK period.
CKPOL
0
SPI1 Clock Polarity.
Value
Name
Description
0
IDLE_LOW
SCK line low in idle state.
1
IDLE_HIGH
SCK line high in idle state.
SLVSEL
0
RW
RW
R
Master Mode Enable.
Slave Selected Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 whenever the NSS pin is low indicating SPI1 is the selected slave. It is cleared to logic 0 when NSS
is high (slave not selected). This bit does not indicate the instantaneous value at the NSS pin, but rather a de-glitched version of the pin input.
2
NSSIN
1
R
NSS Instantaneous Pin Input.
This bit mimics the instantaneous value that is present on the NSS port pin at the time that the register is read. This input is
not de-glitched.
1
SRMT
1
R
Shift Register Empty.
This bit will be set to logic 1 when all data has been transferred in/out of the shift register, and there is no new information
available to read from the transmit buffer or write to the receive buffer. It returns to logic 0 when a data byte is transferred to
the shift register from the transmit buffer or by a transition on SCK.
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Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
0
RXBMT
1
R
Receive Buffer Empty.
This bit is valid in slave mode only and will be set to logic 1 when the receive buffer has been read and contains no new
information. If there is new information available in the receive buffer that has not been read, this bit will return to logic 0.
RXBMT = 1 when in Master Mode.
In slave mode, data on MOSI is sampled in the center of each data bit. In master mode, data on MISO is sampled one SYSCLK
before the end of each data bit, to provide maximum settling time for the slave device.
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19.5.2 SPI1CN0: SPI1 Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
SPIF
WCOL
MODF
RXOVRN
Access
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
Reset
3
2
1
0
NSSMD
TXBMT
SPIEN
RW
RW
R
RW
0
0x1
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xB0 (bit-addressable)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
SPIF
0
RW
SPI1 Interrupt Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware at the end of a data transfer. If SPI interrupts are enabled, an interrupt will be generated. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware, and must be cleared by firmware.
6
WCOL
0
RW
Write Collision Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 if a write to SPI1DAT is attempted when TXBMT is 0. When this occurs, the write to SPI1DAT will
be ignored, and the transmit buffer will not be written. If SPI interrupts are enabled, an interrupt will be generated. This bit is
not automatically cleared by hardware, and must be cleared by firmware.
5
MODF
0
RW
Mode Fault Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware when a master mode collision is detected (NSS is low, MSTEN = 1, and NSSMD =
01). If SPI interrupts are enabled, an interrupt will be generated. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware, and must
be cleared by firmware.
4
RXOVRN
0
RW
Receive Overrun Flag.
This bit is valid for slave mode only and is set to logic 1 by hardware when the receive buffer still holds unread data from a
previous transfer and the last bit of the current transfer is shifted into the SPI1 shift register. If SPI interrupts are enabled,
an interrupt will be generated. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware, and must be cleared by firmware.
3:2
NSSMD
0x1
RW
Slave Select Mode.
Selects between the following NSS operation modes:
1
Value
Name
Description
0x0
3_WIRE
3-Wire Slave or 3-Wire Master Mode. NSS signal is not routed to a port pin.
0x1
4_WIRE_SLAVE
4-Wire Slave or Multi-Master Mode. NSS is an input to the device.
0x2
4_WIRE_MASTER_NSS_LOW
4-Wire Single-Master Mode. NSS is an output and logic low.
0x3
4_WIRE_MASTER_NSS_HIGH
4-Wire Single-Master Mode. NSS is an output and logic high.
TXBMT
1
Transmit Buffer Empty.
R
This bit will be set to logic 0 when new data has been written to the transmit buffer. When data in the transmit buffer is
transferred to the SPI shift register, this bit will be set to logic 1, indicating that it is safe to write a new byte to the transmit
buffer.
0
SPIEN
0
RW
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable the SPI module.
1
ENABLED
Enable the SPI module.
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19.5.3 SPI1CKR: SPI1 Clock Rate
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
SPI1CKR
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x85
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
SPI1CKR
0x00
RW
SPI1 Clock Rate.
These bits determine the frequency of the SCK output when the SPI1 module is configured for master mode operation. The
SCK clock frequency is a divided version of the system clock, and is given in the following equation, where SYSCLK is the
system clock frequency and SPI1CKR is the 8-bit value held in the SPI1CKR register.
fsck = SYSCLK / (2 * (SPI1CKR + 1))
for 0 <= SPI1CKR <= 255
19.5.4 SPI1DAT: SPI1 Data
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
SPI1DAT
Access
RW
Reset
2
1
0
Varies
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x86
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
SPI1DAT
Varies
RW
SPI1 Transmit and Receive Data.
The SPI1DAT register is used to transmit and receive SPI1 data. Writing data to SPI1DAT places the data into the transmit
buffer and initiates a transfer when in master mode. A read of SPI1DAT returns the contents of the receive buffer.
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
20. System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
20.1 Introduction
The SMBus I/O interface is a two-wire, bi-directional serial bus. The SMBus is compliant with the System Management Bus Specification, version 1.1, and compatible with the I2C serial bus.
SMB0
Data /
Address
SI
Timers 0,
1 or 2
SMB0DAT
Shift Register
SDA
State Control
Logic
Slave Address
Recognition
SCL
Master SCL Clock
Generation
Timer 3
SCL Low
Figure 20.1. SMBus 0 Block Diagram
20.2 Features
The SMBus module includes the following features:
• Standard (up to 100 kbps) and Fast (400 kbps) transfer speeds.
• Support for master, slave, and multi-master modes.
• Hardware synchronization and arbitration for multi-master mode.
• Clock low extending (clock stretching) to interface with faster masters.
• Hardware support for 7-bit slave and general call address recognition.
• Firmware support for 10-bit slave address decoding.
• Ability to inhibit all slave states.
• Programmable data setup/hold times.
20.3 Functional Description
20.3.1 Supporting Documents
It is assumed the reader is familiar with or has access to the following supporting documents:
• The I2C-Bus and How to Use It (including specifications), Philips Semiconductor.
• The I2C-Bus Specification—Version 2.0, Philips Semiconductor.
• System Management Bus Specification—Version 1.1, SBS Implementers Forum.
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20.3.2 SMBus Protocol
The SMBus specification allows any recessive voltage between 3.0 and 5.0 V; different devices on the bus may operate at different
voltage levels. However, the maximum voltage on any port pin must conform to the electrical characteristics specifications. The bi-directional SCL (serial clock) and SDA (serial data) lines must be connected to a positive power supply voltage through a pullup resistor or
similar circuit. Every device connected to the bus must have an open-drain or open-collector output for both the SCL and SDA lines, so
that both are pulled high (recessive state) when the bus is free. The maximum number of devices on the bus is limited only by the
requirement that the rise and fall times on the bus not exceed 300 ns and 1000 ns, respectively.
VDD = 5 V
VDD = 3 V
VDD = 5 V
VDD = 3 V
Master
Device
SlaveDevice
1
SlaveDevice
2
SDA
SCL
Figure 20.2. Typical SMBus System Connection
Two types of data transfers are possible: data transfers from a master transmitter to an addressed slave receiver (WRITE), and data
transfers from an addressed slave transmitter to a master receiver (READ). The master device initiates both types of data transfers and
provides the serial clock pulses on SCL. The SMBus interface may operate as a master or a slave, and multiple master devices on the
same bus are supported. If two or more masters attempt to initiate a data transfer simultaneously, an arbitration scheme is employed
with a single master always winning the arbitration. It is not necessary to specify one device as the Master in a system; any device who
transmits a START and a slave address becomes the master for the duration of that transfer.
A typical SMBus transaction consists of a START condition followed by an address byte (Bits7–1: 7-bit slave address; Bit0: R/W direction bit), one or more bytes of data, and a STOP condition. Bytes that are received (by a master or slave) are acknowledged (ACK) with
a low SDA during a high SCL (see Figure 20.3 SMBus Transaction on page 225). If the receiving device does not ACK, the transmitting device will read a NACK (not acknowledge), which is a high SDA during a high SCL.
The direction bit (R/W) occupies the least-significant bit position of the address byte. The direction bit is set to logic 1 to indicate a
"READ" operation and cleared to logic 0 to indicate a "WRITE" operation.
All transactions are initiated by a master, with one or more addressed slave devices as the target. The master generates the START
condition and then transmits the slave address and direction bit. If the transaction is a WRITE operation from the master to the slave,
the master transmits the data a byte at a time waiting for an ACK from the slave at the end of each byte. For READ operations, the
slave transmits the data waiting for an ACK from the master at the end of each byte. At the end of the data transfer, the master generates a STOP condition to terminate the transaction and free the bus. Figure 20.3 SMBus Transaction on page 225 illustrates a typical
SMBus transaction.
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
SCL
SDA
SLA6
START
SLA5-0
Slave Address + R/W
R/W
D7
ACK
D6-0
Data Byte
NACK
STOP
Figure 20.3. SMBus Transaction
Transmitter vs. Receiver
On the SMBus communications interface, a device is the “transmitter” when it is sending an address or data byte to another device on
the bus. A device is a “receiver” when an address or data byte is being sent to it from another device on the bus. The transmitter controls the SDA line during the address or data byte. After each byte of address or data information is sent by the transmitter, the receiver
sends an ACK or NACK bit during the ACK phase of the transfer, during which time the receiver controls the SDA line.
Arbitration
A master may start a transfer only if the bus is free. The bus is free after a STOP condition or after the SCL and SDA lines remain high
for a specified time (see ● SCL High (SMBus Free) Timeout on page 225). In the event that two or more devices attempt to begin a
transfer at the same time, an arbitration scheme is employed to force one master to give up the bus. The master devices continue
transmitting until one attempts a HIGH while the other transmits a LOW. Since the bus is open-drain, the bus will be pulled LOW. The
master attempting the HIGH will detect a LOW SDA and lose the arbitration. The winning master continues its transmission without
interruption; the losing master becomes a slave and receives the rest of the transfer if addressed. This arbitration scheme is non-destructive: one device always wins, and no data is lost.
Clock Low Extension
SMBus provides a clock synchronization mechanism, similar to I2C, which allows devices with different speed capabilities to coexist on
the bus. A clock-low extension is used during a transfer in order to allow slower slave devices to communicate with faster masters. The
slave may temporarily hold the SCL line LOW to extend the clock low period, effectively decreasing the serial clock frequency.
SCL Low Timeout
If the SCL line is held low by a slave device on the bus, no further communication is possible. Furthermore, the master cannot force the
SCL line high to correct the error condition. To solve this problem, the SMBus protocol specifies that devices participating in a transfer
must detect any clock cycle held low longer than 25 ms as a “timeout” condition. Devices that have detected the timeout condition must
reset the communication no later than 10 ms after detecting the timeout condition.
For the SMBus 0 interface, Timer 3 is used to implement SCL low timeouts. The SCL low timeout feature is enabled by setting the
SMB0TOE bit in SMB0CF. The associated timer is forced to reload when SCL is high, and allowed to count when SCL is low. With the
associated timer enabled and configured to overflow after 25 ms (and SMB0TOE set), the timer interrupt service routine can be used to
reset (disable and re-enable) the SMBus in the event of an SCL low timeout.
SCL High (SMBus Free) Timeout
The SMBus specification stipulates that if the SCL and SDA lines remain high for more that 50 μs, the bus is designated as free. When
the SMB0FTE bit in SMB0CF is set, the bus will be considered free if SCL and SDA remain high for more than 10 SMBus clock source
periods (as defined by the timer configured for the SMBus clock source). If the SMBus is waiting to generate a Master START, the
START will be generated following this timeout. A clock source is required for free timeout detection, even in a slave-only implementation.
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
20.3.3 Configuring the SMBus Module
The SMBus can operate in both Master and Slave modes. The interface provides timing and shifting control for serial transfers; higher
level protocol is determined by user software. The SMBus interface provides the following application-independent features:
• Byte-wise serial data transfers
• Clock signal generation on SCL (Master Mode only) and SDA data synchronization
• Timeout/bus error recognition, as defined by the SMB0CF configuration register
• START/STOP timing, detection, and generation
• Bus arbitration
• Interrupt generation
• Status information
• Optional hardware recognition of slave address and automatic acknowledgement of address/data
SMBus interrupts are generated for each data byte or slave address that is transferred. When hardware acknowledgement is disabled,
the point at which the interrupt is generated depends on whether the hardware is acting as a data transmitter or receiver. When a transmitter (i.e., sending address/data, receiving an ACK), this interrupt is generated after the ACK cycle so that software may read the received ACK value; when receiving data (i.e., receiving address/data, sending an ACK), this interrupt is generated before the ACK cycle
so that software may define the outgoing ACK value. If hardware acknowledgement is enabled, these interrupts are always generated
after the ACK cycle. Interrupts are also generated to indicate the beginning of a transfer when a master (START generated), or the end
of a transfer when a slave (STOP detected). Software should read the SMB0CN0 register to find the cause of the SMBus interrupt.
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
SMBus Configuration Register
The SMBus Configuration register (SMB0CF) is used to enable the SMBus master and/or slave modes, select the SMBus clock source,
and select the SMBus timing and timeout options. When the ENSMB bit is set, the SMBus is enabled for all master and slave events.
Slave events may be disabled by setting the INH bit. With slave events inhibited, the SMBus interface will still monitor the SCL and SDA
pins; however, the interface will NACK all received addresses and will not generate any slave interrupts. When the INH bit is set, all
slave events will be inhibited following the next START (interrupts will continue for the duration of the current transfer).
The SMBCS bit field selects the SMBus clock source, which is used only when operating as a master or when the Free Timeout detection is enabled. When operating as a master, overflows from the selected source determine both the bit rate and the absolute minimum
SCL low and high times. The selected clock source may be shared by other peripherals so long as the timer is left running at all times.
The selected clock source should typically be configured to overflow at three times the desired bit rate. When the interface is operating
as a master (and SCL is not driven or extended by any other devices on the bus), the device will hold the SCL line low for one overflow
period, and release it for two overflow periods. THIGH is typically twice as large as TLOW. The actual SCL output may vary due to other
devices on the bus (SCL may be extended low by slower slave devices, driven low by contending master devices, or have long ramp
times). The SMBus hardware will ensure that once SCL does return high, it reads a logic high state for a minimum of one overflow
period.
Timer Source
Overflows
SCL
TLow
THigh
SCL High Timeout
Figure 20.4. Typical SMBus SCL Generation
Setting the EXTHOLD bit extends the minimum setup and hold times for the SDA line. The minimum SDA setup time defines the absolute minimum time that SDA is stable before SCL transitions from low-to-high. The minimum SDA hold time defines the absolute minimum time that the current SDA value remains stable after SCL transitions from high-to-low. EXTHOLD should be set so that the minimum setup and hold times meet the SMBus Specification requirements of 250 ns and 300 ns, respectively. Setup and hold time extensions are typically necessary for SMBus compliance when SYSCLK is above 10 MHz.
Table 20.1. Minimum SDA Setup and Hold Times
EXTHOLD
Minimum SDA Setup Time
Minimum SDA Hold Time
0
Tlow – 4 system clocks or 1 system clock + 3 system clocks
s/w delay
1
11 system clocks
12 system clocks
Note: Setup Time for ACK bit transmissions and the MSB of all data transfers. When using software acknowledgment, the s/w delay occurs between the time SMB0DAT or ACK is written and when SI is cleared. Note
that if SI is cleared in the same write that defines the outgoing ACK value, s/w delay is zero.
With the SMBTOE bit set, Timer 3 should be configured to overflow after 25 ms in order to detect SCL low timeouts. The SMBus interface will force the associated timer to reload while SCL is high, and allow the timer to count when SCL is low. The timer interrupt service routine should be used to reset SMBus communication by disabling and re-enabling the SMBus. SMBus Free Timeout detection can
be enabled by setting the SMBFTE bit. When this bit is set, the bus will be considered free if SDA and SCL remain high for more than
10 SMBus clock source periods.
SMBus Pin Swap
The SMBus peripheral is assigned to pins using the priority crossbar decoder. By default, the SMBus signals are assigned to port pins
starting with SDA on the lower-numbered pin, and SCL on the next available pin. The SWAP bit in the SMBTC register can be set to 1
to reverse the order in which the SMBus signals are assigned.
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
SMBus Timing Control
The SDD field in the SMBTC register is used to restrict the detection of a START condition under certain circumstances. In some systems where there is significant mismatch between the impedance or the capacitance on the SDA and SCL lines, it may be possible for
SCL to fall after SDA during an address or data transfer. Such an event can cause a false START detection on the bus. These kind of
events are not expected in a standard SMBus or I2C-compliant system.
Note: In most systems this parameter should not be adjusted, and it is recommended that it be left at its default value.
By default, if the SCL falling edge is detected after the falling edge of SDA (i.e., one SYSCLK cycle or more), the device will detect this
as a START condition. The SDD field is used to increase the amount of hold time that is required between SDA and SCL falling before
a START is recognized. An additional 2, 4, or 8 SYSCLKs can be added to prevent false START detection in systems where the bus
conditions warrant this.
SMBus Control Register
SMB0CN0 is used to control the interface and to provide status information. The higher four bits of SMB0CN0 (MASTER, TXMODE,
STA, and STO) form a status vector that can be used to jump to service routines. MASTER indicates whether a device is the master or
slave during the current transfer. TXMODE indicates whether the device is transmitting or receiving data for the current byte.
STA and STO indicate that a START and/or STOP has been detected or generated since the last SMBus interrupt. STA and STO are
also used to generate START and STOP conditions when operating as a master. Writing a 1 to STA will cause the SMBus interface to
enter Master Mode and generate a START when the bus becomes free (STA is not cleared by hardware after the START is generated).
Writing a 1 to STO while in Master Mode will cause the interface to generate a STOP and end the current transfer after the next ACK
cycle. If STO and STA are both set (while in Master Mode), a STOP followed by a START will be generated.
The ARBLOST bit indicates that the interface has lost an arbitration. This may occur anytime the interface is transmitting (master or
slave). A lost arbitration while operating as a slave indicates a bus error condition. ARBLOST is cleared by hardware each time SI is
cleared.
The SI bit (SMBus Interrupt Flag) is set at the beginning and end of each transfer, after each byte frame, or when an arbitration is lost.
Note: The SMBus interface is stalled while SI is set; if SCL is held low at this time, the bus is stalled until software clears SI.
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
Hardware ACK Generation
When the EHACK bit in register SMB0ADM is set to 1, automatic slave address recognition and ACK generation is enabled. As a receiver, the value currently specified by the ACK bit will be automatically sent on the bus during the ACK cycle of an incoming data byte.
As a transmitter, reading the ACK bit indicates the value received on the last ACK cycle. The ACKRQ bit is not used when hardware
ACK generation is enabled. If a received slave address is NACKed by hardware, further slave events will be ignored until the next
START is detected, and no interrupt will be generated.
Table 20.2. Sources for Hardware Changes to SMB0CN0
Bit
Set by Hardware When:
Cleared by Hardware When:
MASTER
A START is generated.
A STOP is generated.
Arbitration is lost.
TXMODE
START is generated.
A START is detected.
SMB0DAT is written before the start of an
SMBus frame.
Arbitration is lost.
SMB0DAT is not written before the start of an SMBus
frame.
STA
A START followed by an address byte is re- Must be cleared by software.
ceived.
STO
A STOP is detected while addressed as a
slave.
A pending STOP is generated.
Arbitration is lost due to a detected STOP.
ACKRQ
A byte has been received and an ACK response value is needed (only when hardware ACK is not enabled).
After each ACK cycle.
ARBLOST
A repeated START is detected as a MASTER when STA is low (unwanted repeated
START).
Each time SIn is cleared.
SCL is sensed low while attempting to generate a STOP or repeated START condition.
SDA is sensed low while transmitting a 1
(excluding ACK bits).
ACK
The incoming ACK value is low (ACKNOWLEDGE).
The incoming ACK value is high (NOT ACKNOWLEDGE).
SI
A START has been generated.
Must be cleared by software.
Lost arbitration.
A byte has been transmitted and an ACK/
NACK received.
A byte has been received.
A START or repeated START followed by a
slave address + R/W has been received.
A STOP has been received.
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
Hardware Slave Address Recognition
The SMBus hardware has the capability to automatically recognize incoming slave addresses and send an ACK without software intervention. Automatic slave address recognition is enabled by setting the EHACK bit in register SMB0ADM to 1. This will enable both automatic slave address recognition and automatic hardware ACK generation for received bytes (as a master or slave).
The registers used to define which address(es) are recognized by the hardware are the SMBus Slave Address register and the SMBus
Slave Address Mask register. A single address or range of addresses (including the General Call Address 0x00) can be specified using
these two registers. The most-significant seven bits of the two registers are used to define which addresses will be ACKed. A 1 in a bit
of the slave address mask SLVM enables a comparison between the received slave address and the hardware’s slave address SLV for
that bit. A 0 in a bit of the slave address mask means that bit will be treated as a “don’t care” for comparison purposes. In this case,
either a 1 or a 0 value are acceptable on the incoming slave address. Additionally, if the GC bit in register SMB0ADR is set to 1, hardware will recognize the General Call Address (0x00).
Table 20.3. Hardware Address Recognition Examples (EHACK=1)
Hardware Slave Address
Slave Address Mask
GC bit
Slave Addresses Recognized by Hardware
SLV
SLVM
0x34
0x7F
0
0x34
0x34
0x7F
1
0x34, 0x00 (General Call)
0x34
0x7E
0
0x34, 0x35
0x34
0x7E
1
0x34, 0x35, 0x00 (General Call)
0x70
0x73
0
0x70, 0x74, 0x78, 0x7C
Note: These addresses must be shifted to the left by one bit when writing to the SMB0ADR register.
Software ACK Generation
In general, it is recommended for applications to use hardware ACK and address recognition. In some cases it may be desirable to
drive ACK generation and address recognition from firmware. When the EHACK bit in register SMB0ADM is cleared to 0, the firmware
on the device must detect incoming slave addresses and ACK or NACK the slave address and incoming data bytes. As a receiver,
writing the ACK bit defines the outgoing ACK value; as a transmitter, reading the ACK bit indicates the value received during the last
ACK cycle. ACKRQ is set each time a byte is received, indicating that an outgoing ACK value is needed. When ACKRQ is set, software
should write the desired outgoing value to the ACK bit before clearing SI. A NACK will be generated if software does not write the ACK
bit before clearing SI. SDA will reflect the defined ACK value immediately following a write to the ACK bit; however SCL will remain low
until SI is cleared. If a received slave address is not acknowledged, further slave events will be ignored until the next START is detected.
SMBus Data Register
The SMBus Data register SMB0DAT holds a byte of serial data to be transmitted or one that has just been received. Software may
safely read or write to the data register when the SI flag is set. Software should not attempt to access the SMB0DAT register when the
SMBus is enabled and the SI flag is cleared to logic 0.
Note: Certain device families have a transmit and receive buffer interface which is accessed by reading and writing the SMB0DAT register. To promote software portability between devices with and without this buffer interface it is recommended that SMB0DAT not be
used as a temporary storage location. On buffer-enabled devices, writing the register multiple times will push multiple bytes into the
transmit FIFO.
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
20.3.4 Hardware ACK Multimaster and Multislave Behavior
In some system management bus (SMBus) configurations, the hardware ACK mechanism of the SMBus peripheral can cause incorrect
or undesired behavior. The hardware ACK mechanism is enabled when the EHACK bit in the SMB0ADM register is set to logic 1. The
configurations to which this behavior does not apply are as follows:
1. All SMBus configurations when hardware ACK is disabled.
2. All single-master / single-slave SMBus configurations when hardware ACK is enabled and the MCU is operating as a master or
slave.
3. All multi-master / single-slave SMBus configurations when hardware ACK is enabled and the MCU is operating as a slave.
4. All single-master / multi-slave SMBus configurations when hardware ACK is enabled and the MCU is operating as a master.
This behavior only applies to the following configurations:
1. All multi-slave SMBus configurations when hardware ACK is enabled and the MCU is operating as a slave.
2. All multi-master SMBus configurations when hardware ACK is enabled and the MCU is operating as a master.
Multi-Slave Behavior
The following issues are present when operating as a slave in a multi-slave SMBus configuration:
1. When hardware ACK is enabled and SDA setup and hold times are not extended (EXTHOLD = 0 in the SMB0CF register), the
SMBus hardware will always generate an SMBus interrupt following the ACK/NACK cycle of any slave address transmission on the
bus, whether or not the address matches the conditions of SMB0ADR and SMB0ADM. The expected behavior is that an interrupt is
only generated when the address matches.
2. When hardware ACK is enabled and SDA setup and hold times are extended (EXTHOLD = 1 in the SMB0CF register), the SMBus
hardware will only generate an SMBus interrupt as expected when the slave address transmission on the bus matches the conditions of SMB0ADR and SMB0ADM. However, in this mode, the start bit (STA) will be incorrectly cleared on reception of a slave
address before firmware vectors to the interrupt service routine.
3. When hardware ACK is enabled and the ACK bit in the SMB0CN0 register is set to 1, an unaddressed slave may cause interference on the SMBus by driving SDA low during an ACK cycle. The ACK bit of the unaddressed slave may be set to 1 if any device
on the bus generates an ACK.
Once the CPU enters the interrupt service routine, SCL will be asserted low until SI is cleared, causing the clock to be stretched when
the MCU is not being addressed. This may limit the maximum speed of the SMBus if the master supports SCL clock stretching. Incompliant SMBus masters that do not support SCL clock stretching will not recognize that the clock is being stretched. If the CPU issues a
write to SMB0DAT, it will have no effect on the bus. No data collisions will occur. To work around this issue, the SMBus interrupt service routine should verify an address when it is received and clear SI as soon as possible if the address does not match to minimize
clock stretching. To prevent clock stretching when not being addressed, enable setup and hold time extensions (EXTHOLD = 1).
Once the hardware has matched an address and entered the interrupt service routine, the firmware will not be able to use the start bit
to distinguish between the reception of an address byte versus the reception of a data byte. However, the hardware will still correctly
acknowledge the address byte (SLA+R/W). During an initial start sequence, to distinguish between the reception of an address byte at
the beginning of a transfer versus the reception of a data byte when setup and hold time extensions are enabled (EXTHOLD = 1), firmware should maintain a status bit to determine whether it is currently inside or outside a transfer. Once hardware detects a matching
slave address and interrupts the MCU, firmware should assume a start condition and set the firmware bit to indicate that it is currently
inside a transfer. A transfer ends any time the STO bit is set or on an error condition (e.g., SCL Low Timeout). During a repeated start
sequence, to detect the reception of an address byte in the middle of a transfer when setup and hold time extensions are enabled
(EXTHOLD = 1), disable setup and hold time extensions (EXTHOLD = 0) upon entry into a transfer and re-enable setup and hold time
extensions (EXHOLD = 1) at the end of a transfer.
The SMBus master and the addressed slave are prevented from generating a NACK by the unaddressed slave because it is holding
SDA low during the ACK cycle. There is a potential for the SMBus to lock up in this situation. To prevent this, schedule a timer interrupt
to clear the ACK bit at an interval shorter than 7 bit periods when the slave is not being addressed. For example, on a 400 kHz SMBus,
the ACK bit should be cleared every 17.5 μs (or at 1/7 the bus frequency, 57 kHz). As soon as a matching slave address is detected (a
transfer is started), the timer which clears the ACK bit should be stopped and its interrupt flag cleared. The timer should be re-started
once a stop or error condition is detected (the transfer has ended).
Multi-Master Behavior
When operating as a master in a multi-master SMBus configuration, if the SMBus master loses arbitration, it may cause interference on
the SMBus by driving SDA low during the ACK cycle of transfers in which it is not participating. This will occur regardless of the state of
the ACK bit in the SMB0CN0 register. In this case, the SMBus master and slave participating in the transfer are prevented from generating a NACK by the MCU because it is holding SDA low during the ACK cycle. There is a potential for the SMBus to lock up.
To work around this behavior, firmware should disable hardware ACK (EHACK = 0) when the MCU is operating as a master in a multimaster SMBus configuration.
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
20.3.5 Operational Modes
The SMBus interface may be configured to operate as master and/or slave. At any particular time, it will be operating in one of the
following four modes: Master Transmitter, Master Receiver, Slave Transmitter, or Slave Receiver. The SMBus interface enters Master
Mode any time a START is generated, and remains in Master Mode until it loses an arbitration or generates a STOP. An SMBus interrupt is generated at the end of all SMBus byte frames. The position of the ACK interrupt when operating as a receiver depends on
whether hardware ACK generation is enabled. As a receiver, the interrupt for an ACK occurs before the ACK with hardware ACK generation disabled, and after the ACK when hardware ACK generation is enabled. As a transmitter, interrupts occur after the ACK, regardless of whether hardware ACK generation is enabled or not.
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
Master Write Sequence
During a write sequence, an SMBus master writes data to a slave device. The master in this transfer will be a transmitter during the
address byte, and a transmitter during all data bytes. The SMBus interface generates the START condition and transmits the first byte
containing the address of the target slave and the data direction bit. In this case the data direction bit (R/W) will be logic 0 (WRITE). The
master then transmits one or more bytes of serial data. After each byte is transmitted, an acknowledge bit is generated by the slave.
The transfer is ended when the STO bit is set and a STOP is generated. The interface will switch to Master Receiver Mode if SMB0DAT
is not written following a Master Transmitter interrupt. Figure 20.5 Typical Master Write Sequence on page 233 shows a typical master
write sequence as it appears on the bus, and Figure 20.6 Master Write Sequence State Diagram (EHACK = 1) on page 234 shows the
corresponding firmware state machine. Two transmit data bytes are shown, though any number of bytes may be transmitted. Notice
that all of the “data byte transferred” interrupts occur after the ACK cycle in this mode, regardless of whether hardware ACK generation
is enabled.
Interrupts with Hardware ACK Enabled (EHACK = 1)
a
S
b
SLA
W
A
a
c
Data Byte
b
A
d
Data Byte
c
A
P
d
Interrupts with Hardware ACK Disabled (EHACK = 0)
Received by SMBus
Interface
Transmitted by
SMBus Interface
S = START
P = STOP
A = ACK
W = WRITE
SLA = Slave Address
Figure 20.5. Typical Master Write Sequence
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
Idle
Set the STA bit.
Interrupt
a
STA sent.
1. Clear the STA and STO flags.
2. Write SMB0DAT with the slave address
and R/W bit set to 1.
3. Clear the interrupt flag (SI).
Interrupt
ACK?
Send
Repeated
Start?
No
Yes
No
More Data
to Send?
b
No
Yes
c
Yes
ACK received
1. Write next data to SMB0DAT.
2. Clear the interrupt flag (SI).
d
1. Set the STO
flag.
2. Clear the
interrupt flag (SI).
1. Set the STA
flag.
2. Clear the
interrupt flag (SI).
Interrupt
Interrupt
Idle
Figure 20.6. Master Write Sequence State Diagram (EHACK = 1)
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
Master Read Sequence
During a read sequence, an SMBus master reads data from a slave device. The master in this transfer will be a transmitter during the
address byte, and a receiver during all data bytes. The SMBus interface generates the START condition and transmits the first byte
containing the address of the target slave and the data direction bit. In this case the data direction bit (R/W) will be logic 1 (READ).
Serial data is then received from the slave on SDA while the SMBus outputs the serial clock. The slave transmits one or more bytes of
serial data.
If hardware ACK generation is disabled, the ACKRQ is set to 1 and an interrupt is generated after each received byte. Software must
write the ACK bit at that time to ACK or NACK the received byte.
With hardware ACK generation enabled, the SMBus hardware will automatically generate the ACK/NACK, and then post the interrupt. It
is important to note that the appropriate ACK or NACK value should be set up by the software prior to receiving the byte when hardware
ACK generation is enabled.
Writing a 1 to the ACK bit generates an ACK; writing a 0 generates a NACK. Software should write a 0 to the ACK bit for the last data
transfer, to transmit a NACK. The interface exits Master Receiver Mode after the STO bit is set and a STOP is generated. The interface
will switch to Master Transmitter Mode if SMB0DAT is written while an active Master Receiver. Figure 20.7 Typical Master Read Sequence on page 235 shows a typical master read sequence as it appears on the bus, and Figure 20.8 Master Read Sequence State
Diagram (EHACK = 1) on page 236 shows the corresponding firmware state machine. Two received data bytes are shown, though any
number of bytes may be received. Notice that the "data byte transferred" interrupts occur at different places in the sequence, depending
on whether hardware ACK generation is enabled. The interrupt occurs before the ACK with hardware ACK generation disabled, and
after the ACK when hardware ACK generation is enabled.
Interrupts with Hardware ACK Enabled (EHACK = 1)
a
S
b
SLA
R
A
a
c
Data Byte
b
A
d
Data Byte
c
N
P
d
Interrupts with Hardware ACK Disabled (EHACK = 0)
Received by SMBus
Interface
Transmitted by
SMBus Interface
S = START
P = STOP
A = ACK
N = NACK
R = READ
SLA = Slave Address
Figure 20.7. Typical Master Read Sequence
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
Idle
Set the STA bit.
Interrupt
a
STA sent.
1. Clear the STA and STO flags.
2. Write SMB0DAT with the slave address
and R/W bit set to 1.
3. Clear the interrupt flag (SI).
Interrupt
ACK?
Send
Repeated
Start?
No
Yes
No
Next Byte
Final?
No
Yes
b
c
1. Set ACK.
2. Clear SI.
Yes
1. Clear ACK.
2. Clear SI.
d
1. Set the STO
flag.
2. Clear the
interrupt flag (SI).
1. Set the STA
flag.
2. Clear the
interrupt flag (SI).
Interrupt
1. Read Data From SMB0DAT.
2. Clear the interrupt flag (SI).
Last Byte?
Interrupt
Idle
Yes
No
Figure 20.8. Master Read Sequence State Diagram (EHACK = 1)
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
Slave Write Sequence
During a write sequence, an SMBus master writes data to a slave device. The slave in this transfer will be a receiver during the address
byte, and a receiver during all data bytes. When slave events are enabled (INH = 0), the interface enters Slave Receiver Mode when a
START followed by a slave address and direction bit (WRITE in this case) is received. If hardware ACK generation is disabled, upon
entering Slave Receiver Mode, an interrupt is generated and the ACKRQ bit is set. The software must respond to the received slave
address with an ACK, or ignore the received slave address with a NACK. If hardware ACK generation is enabled, the hardware will
apply the ACK for a slave address which matches the criteria set up by SMB0ADR and SMB0ADM. The interrupt will occur after the
ACK cycle.
If the received slave address is ignored (by software or hardware), slave interrupts will be inhibited until the next START is detected. If
the received slave address is acknowledged, zero or more data bytes are received.
If hardware ACK generation is disabled, the ACKRQ is set to 1 and an interrupt is generated after each received byte. Software must
write the ACK bit at that time to ACK or NACK the received byte.
With hardware ACK generation enabled, the SMBus hardware will automatically generate the ACK/NACK, and then post the interrupt. It
is important to note that the appropriate ACK or NACK value should be set up by the software prior to receiving the byte when hardware
ACK generation is enabled.
The interface exits Slave Receiver Mode after receiving a STOP. The interface will switch to Slave Transmitter Mode if SMB0DAT is
written while an active Slave Receiver. Figure 20.9 Typical Slave Write Sequence on page 237 shows a typical slave write sequence
as it appears on the bus. The corresponding firmware state diagram (combined with the slave read sequence) is shown in Figure
20.10 Slave State Diagram (EHACK = 1) on page 238. Two received data bytes are shown, though any number of bytes may be received. Notice that the "data byte transferred" interrupts occur at different places in the sequence, depending on whether hardware
ACK generation is enabled. The interrupt occurs before the ACK with hardware ACK generation disabled, and after the ACK when
hardware ACK generation is enabled.
Interrupts with Hardware ACK Enabled (EHACK = 1)
e
S
SLA
W
A
e
f
Data Byte
A
g
Data Byte
f
A
h
P
g
h
Interrupts with Hardware ACK Disabled (EHACK = 0)
Received by SMBus
Interface
Transmitted by
SMBus Interface
S = START
P = STOP
A = ACK
W = WRITE
SLA = Slave Address
Figure 20.9. Typical Slave Write Sequence
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
Idle
Interrupt
a
e
1. Clear STA.
2. Read Address + R/W from SMB0DAT.
Read
Read /
Write?
Write
e
b
1. Set ACK.
2. Clear SI.
1. Write next data to SMB0DAT.
2. Clear SI.
Interrupt
Interrupt
Yes
ACK?
f
No
g
1. Read Data From SMB0DAT.
2. Clear SI.
c
Interrupt
Clear SI.
Yes
Interrupt
d
h
Clear STO.
Yes
STOP?
No
Repeated
Start?
d
h
No
Clear SI.
Idle
Figure 20.10. Slave State Diagram (EHACK = 1)
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
Slave Read Sequence
During a read sequence, an SMBus master reads data from a slave device. The slave in this transfer will be a receiver during the address byte, and a transmitter during all data bytes. When slave events are enabled (INH = 0), the interface enters Slave Receiver Mode
(to receive the slave address) when a START followed by a slave address and direction bit (READ in this case) is received. If hardware
ACK generation is disabled, upon entering Slave Receiver Mode, an interrupt is generated and the ACKRQ bit is set. The software
must respond to the received slave address with an ACK, or ignore the received slave address with a NACK. If hardware ACK generation is enabled, the hardware will apply the ACK for a slave address which matches the criteria set up by SMB0ADR and SMB0ADM.
The interrupt will occur after the ACK cycle.
If the received slave address is ignored (by software or hardware), slave interrupts will be inhibited until the next START is detected. If
the received slave address is acknowledged, zero or more data bytes are transmitted. If the received slave address is acknowledged,
data should be written to SMB0DAT to be transmitted. The interface enters slave transmitter mode, and transmits one or more bytes of
data. After each byte is transmitted, the master sends an acknowledge bit; if the acknowledge bit is an ACK, SMB0DAT should be written with the next data byte. If the acknowledge bit is a NACK, SMB0DAT should not be written to before SI is cleared (an error condition
may be generated if SMB0DAT is written following a received NACK while in slave transmitter mode). The interface exits slave transmitter mode after receiving a STOP. The interface will switch to slave receiver mode if SMB0DAT is not written following a Slave Transmitter interrupt. Figure 20.11 Typical Slave Read Sequence on page 239 shows a typical slave read sequence as it appears on the
bus. The corresponding firmware state diagram (combined with the slave read sequence) is shown in Figure 20.10 Slave State Diagram (EHACK = 1) on page 238. Two transmitted data bytes are shown, though any number of bytes may be transmitted. Notice that
all of the “data byte transferred” interrupts occur after the ACK cycle in this mode, regardless of whether hardware ACK generation is
enabled.
Interrupts with Hardware ACK Enabled (EHACK = 1)
a
S
SLA
R
A
a
b
Data Byte
A
c
Data Byte
b
N
d
P
c
d
Interrupts with Hardware ACK Disabled (EHACK = 0)
Received by SMBus
Interface
Transmitted by
SMBus Interface
S = START
P = STOP
N = NACK
R = READ
SLA = Slave Address
Figure 20.11. Typical Slave Read Sequence
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
20.4 SMB0 Control Registers
20.4.1 SMB0CF: SMBus 0 Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Name
ENSMB
INH
BUSY
EXTHOLD
SMBTOE
SMBFTE
SMBCS
Access
RW
RW
R
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0x0
Reset
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xC1
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
ENSMB
0
RW
SMBus Enable.
This bit enables the SMBus interface when set to 1. When enabled, the interface constantly monitors the SDA and SCL
pins.
6
INH
0
RW
SMBus Slave Inhibit.
When this bit is set to logic 1, the SMBus does not generate an interrupt when slave events occur. This effectively removes
the SMBus slave from the bus. Master Mode interrupts are not affected.
5
BUSY
0
R
SMBus Busy Indicator.
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware when a transfer is in progress. It is cleared to logic 0 when a STOP or free-timeout is
sensed.
4
EXTHOLD
0
RW
SMBus Setup and Hold Time Extension Enable.
This bit controls the SDA setup and hold times.
3
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Disable SDA extended setup and hold times.
1
ENABLED
Enable SDA extended setup and hold times.
SMBTOE
0
RW
SMBus SCL Timeout Detection Enable.
This bit enables SCL low timeout detection. If set to logic 1, the SMBus forces Timer 3 to reload while SCL is high and
allows Timer 3 to count when SCL goes low. If Timer 3 is configured to Split Mode, only the High Byte of the timer is held in
reload while SCL is high. Timer 3 should be programmed to generate interrupts at 25 ms, and the Timer 3 interrupt service
routine should reset SMBus communication.
2
SMBFTE
0
RW
SMBus Free Timeout Detection Enable.
When this bit is set to logic 1, the bus will be considered free if SCL and SDA remain high for more than 10 SMBus clock
source periods.
1:0
SMBCS
0x0
RW
SMBus Clock Source Selection.
This field selects the SMBus clock source, which is used to generate the SMBus bit rate. See the SMBus clock timing section for additional details.
Value
Name
Description
0x0
TIMER0
Timer 0 Overflow.
0x1
TIMER1
Timer 1 Overflow.
0x2
TIMER2_HIGH
Timer 2 High Byte Overflow.
0x3
TIMER2_LOW
Timer 2 Low Byte Overflow.
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
20.4.2 SMB0CN0: SMBus 0 Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
MASTER
TXMODE
STA
STO
ACKRQ
ARBLOST
ACK
SI
Access
R
R
RW
RW
R
R
RW
RW
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xC0 (bit-addressable)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
MASTER
0
R
SMBus Master/Slave Indicator.
This read-only bit indicates when the SMBus is operating as a master.
6
Value
Name
Description
0
SLAVE
SMBus operating in slave mode.
1
MASTER
SMBus operating in master mode.
TXMODE
0
R
SMBus Transmit Mode Indicator.
This read-only bit indicates when the SMBus is operating as a transmitter.
5
Value
Name
Description
0
RECEIVER
SMBus in Receiver Mode.
1
TRANSMITTER
SMBus in Transmitter Mode.
STA
0
SMBus Start Flag.
RW
When reading STA, a '1' indicates that a start or repeated start condition was detected on the bus.
Writing a '1' to the STA bit initiates a start or repeated start on the bus.
4
STO
0
RW
SMBus Stop Flag.
When reading STO, a '1' indicates that a stop condition was detected on the bus (in slave mode) or is pending (in master
mode).
When acting as a master, writing a '1' to the STO bit initiates a stop condition on the bus. This bit is cleared by hardware.
3
2
1
ACKRQ
0
R
Value
Name
Description
0
NOT_SET
No ACK requested.
1
REQUESTED
ACK requested.
ARBLOST
0
SMBus Arbitration Lost Indicator.
Value
Name
Description
0
NOT_SET
No arbitration error.
1
ERROR
Arbitration error occurred.
ACK
0
R
RW
SMBus Acknowledge Request.
SMBus Acknowledge.
When read as a master, the ACK bit indicates whether an ACK (1) or NACK (0) is received during the most recent byte
transfer.
As a slave, this bit should be written to send an ACK (1) or NACK (0) to a master request. Note that the logic level of the
ACK bit on the SMBus interface is inverted from the logic of the register ACK bit.
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
0
SI
0
RW
SMBus Interrupt Flag.
This bit is set by hardware to indicate that the current SMBus state machine operation (such as writing a data or address
byte) is complete, and the hardware needs additional control from the firmware to proceed. While SI is set, SCL is held low
and SMBus is stalled. SI must be cleared by firmware. Clearing SI initiates the next SMBus state machine operation.
20.4.3 SMB0ADR: SMBus 0 Slave Address
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
SLV
GC
Access
RW
RW
Reset
0x00
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xF4
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:1
SLV
0x00
RW
SMBus Hardware Slave Address.
Defines the SMBus Slave Address(es) for automatic hardware acknowledgement. Only address bits which have a 1 in the
corresponding bit position in SLVM are checked against the incoming address. This allows multiple addresses to be recognized.
0
GC
0
RW
General Call Address Enable.
When hardware address recognition is enabled (EHACK = 1), this bit will determine whether the General Call Address
(0x00) is also recognized by hardware.
Value
Name
Description
0
IGNORED
General Call Address is ignored.
1
RECOGNIZED
General Call Address is recognized.
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System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0)
20.4.4 SMB0ADM: SMBus 0 Slave Address Mask
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
SLVM
EHACK
Access
RW
RW
Reset
0x7F
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xF5
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:1
SLVM
0x7F
RW
SMBus Slave Address Mask.
Defines which bits of register SMB0ADR are compared with an incoming address byte, and which bits are ignored. Any bit
set to 1 in SLVM enables comparisons with the corresponding bit in SLV. Bits set to 0 are ignored (can be either 0 or 1 in
the incoming address).
0
EHACK
0
RW
Hardware Acknowledge Enable.
Enables hardware acknowledgement of slave address and received data bytes.
Value
Name
Description
0
ADR_ACK_MANUAL
Firmware must manually acknowledge all incoming address and data bytes.
1
ADR_ACK_AUTOMATIC
Automatic slave address recognition and hardware acknowledge is enabled.
20.4.5 SMB0DAT: SMBus 0 Data
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
SMB0DAT
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xC2
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
SMB0DAT
0x00
RW
SMBus 0 Data.
The SMB0DAT register contains a byte of data to be transmitted on the SMBus serial interface or a byte that has just been
received on the SMBus serial interface. The CPU can safely read from or write to this register whenever the SI serial interrupt flag is set to logic 1. The serial data in the register remains stable as long as the SI flag is set. When the SI flag is not
set, the system may be in the process of shifting data in/out and the CPU should not attempt to access this register.
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Timers (Timer0, Timer1, Timer2, and Timer3)
21. Timers (Timer0, Timer1, Timer2, and Timer3)
21.1 Introduction
Four counter/timers ar included in the device: two are 16-bit counter/timers compatible with those found in the standard 8051, and two
are 16-bit auto-reload timers for timing peripherals or for general purpose use. These timers can be used to measure time intervals,
count external events and generate periodic interrupt requests. Timer 0 and Timer 1 are nearly identical and have four primary modes
of operation. Timer 2 and Timer 3 are also identical and offer both 16-bit and split 8-bit timer functionality with auto-reload capabilities.
Timer 2 and Timer 3 both offer a capture function, but are different in their system-level connections. Timer 2 is capable of performing a
capture function on the RTC clock output divided by 8 or Comparator 0 output, while Timer 3 is capable of performing a capture function on the Comparator 1 output or external oscillator divided by 8.
Timers 0 and 1 may be clocked by one of five sources, determined by the Timer Mode Select bits (T1M–T0M) and the Clock Scale bits
(SCA1–SCA0). The Clock Scale bits define a pre-scaled clock from which Timer 0 and/or Timer 1 may be clocked.
Timer 0/1 may then be configured to use this pre-scaled clock signal or the system clock. Timer 2 may be clocked by the system clock,
system clock divided by 12, Comparator 0 output, or RTC oscillator divided by 8. Timer 3 may be clocked by the system clock, the
system clock divided by 12, the external oscillator clock source divided by 8, or the Comparator 1 output.
Timer 0 and Timer 1 may also be operated as counters. When functioning as a counter, a counter/timer register is incremented on each
high-to-low transition at the selected input pin (T0 or T1). Events with a frequency of up to one-fourth the system clock frequency can
be counted. The input signal need not be periodic, but it must be held at a given level for at least two full system clock cycles to ensure
the level is properly sampled.
Table 21.1. Timer Modes
Timer 0 and Timer 1 Modes
Timer 2 Modes
Timer 3 Modes
13-bit counter/timer
16-bit timer with auto-reload
16-bit timer with auto-reload
16-bit counter/timer
Two 8-bit timers with auto-reload
Two 8-bit timers with auto-reload
8-bit counter/timer with auto-reload
Input capture
Input capture
Two 8-bit counter/timers (Timer 0 only)
21.2 Features
Timer 0 and Timer 1 include the following features:
• Standard 8051 timers, supporting backwards-compatibility with firmware and hardware.
• Clock sources include SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, 4, or 48, the External Clock divided by 8, or an external pin.
• 8-bit auto-reload counter/timer mode
• 13-bit counter/timer mode
• 16-bit counter/timer mode
• Dual 8-bit counter/timer mode (Timer 0)
Timer 2 and Timer 3 are 16-bit timers including the following features:
• Clock sources include SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, or the External Clock divided by 8.
• 16-bit auto-reload timer mode
• Dual 8-bit auto-reload timer mode
• Comparator 0 or RTC0 capture (Timer 2)
• Comparator 1 or EXTCLK/8 capture (Timer 3)
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Timers (Timer0, Timer1, Timer2, and Timer3)
21.3 Functional Description
21.3.1 System Connections
All four timers are capable of clocking other peripherals and triggering events in the system. The individual peripherals select which
timer to use for their respective functions. Note that the Timer 2 and Timer 3 high overflows apply to the full timer when operating in 16bit mode or the high-byte timer when operating in 8-bit split mode.
Table 21.2. Timer Peripheral Clocking / Event Triggering
Function
T0 Overflow
UART0 Baud Rate
SMBus 0 Clock Rate (Master)
T1 Overflow
T2 High Over- T2 Low Overflow
flow
T3 High Over- T3 Low Overflow
flow
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
SMBus 0 SCL Low Timeout
Yes
PCA0 Clock
Yes
ADC0 Conversion Start
Yes
Yes1
Yes1
Yes1
Yes1
Notes:
1. The high-side overflow is used when the timer is in 16-bit mode. The low-side overflow is used in 8-bit mode.
21.3.2 Timer 0 and Timer 1
Timer 0 and Timer 1 are each implemented as a 16-bit register accessed as two separate bytes: a low byte (TL0 or TL1) and a high
byte (TH0 or TH1). The Counter/Timer Control register (TCON) is used to enable Timer 0 and Timer 1 as well as indicate status. Timer
0 interrupts can be enabled by setting the ET0 bit in the IE register. Timer 1 interrupts can be enabled by setting the ET1 bit in the IE
register. Both counter/timers operate in one of four primary modes selected by setting the Mode Select bits T1M1–T0M0 in the Counter/
Timer Mode register (TMOD). Each timer can be configured independently for the supported operating modes.
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Timers (Timer0, Timer1, Timer2, and Timer3)
21.3.2.1 Operational Modes
Mode 0: 13-bit Counter/Timer
Timer 0 and Timer 1 operate as 13-bit counter/timers in Mode 0. The following describes the configuration and operation of Timer 0.
However, both timers operate identically, and Timer 1 is configured in the same manner as described for Timer 0.
The TH0 register holds the eight MSBs of the 13-bit counter/timer. TL0 holds the five LSBs in bit positions TL0.4–TL0.0. The three
upper bits of TL0 (TL0.7–TL0.5) are indeterminate and should be masked out or ignored when reading. As the 13-bit timer register
increments and overflows from 0x1FFF (all ones) to 0x0000, the timer overflow flag TF0 in TCON is set and an interrupt occurs if Timer
0 interrupts are enabled. The overflow rate for Timer 0 in 13-bit mode is:
F TIMER0 =
F Input Clock
213 – TH0:TL0
=
F Input Clock
8192 – TH0:TL0
The CT0 bit in the TMOD register selects the counter/timer's clock source. When CT0 is set to logic 1, high-to-low transitions at the
selected Timer 0 input pin (T0) increment the timer register. Events with a frequency of up to one-fourth the system clock frequency can
be counted. The input signal need not be periodic, but it must be held at a given level for at least two full system clock cycles to ensure
the level is properly sampled. Clearing CT selects the clock defined by the T0M bit in register CKCON0. When T0M is set, Timer 0 is
clocked by the system clock. When T0M is cleared, Timer 0 is clocked by the source selected by the Clock Scale bits in CKCON0.
Setting the TR0 bit enables the timer when either GATE0 in the TMOD register is logic 0 or based on the input signal INT0. The IN0PL
bit setting in IT01CF changes which state of INT0 input starts the timer counting. Setting GATE0 to 1 allows the timer to be controlled
by the external input signal INT0, facilitating pulse width measurements.
Table 21.3. Timer 0 Run Control Options
TR0
GATE0
INT0
IN0PL
Counter/Timer
0
X
X
X
Disabled
1
0
X
X
Enabled
1
1
0
0
Disabled
1
1
0
1
Enabled
1
1
1
0
Enabled
1
1
1
1
Disabled
Note:
1. X = Don't Care
Setting TR0 does not force the timer to reset. The timer registers should be loaded with the desired initial value before the timer is
enabled.
TL1 and TH1 form the 13-bit register for Timer 1 in the same manner as described above for TL0 and TH0. Timer 1 is configured and
controlled using the relevant TCON and TMOD bits just as with Timer 0. The input signal INT1 is used with Timer 1, and IN1PL in
register IT01CF determines the INT1 state that starts Timer 1 counting.
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Timers (Timer0, Timer1, Timer2, and Timer3)
T0M
Pre-scaled Clock
CT0
0
0
SYSCLK
1
1
T0
TCLK
TR0
TL0
(5 bits)
GATE0
INT0
IN0PL
TH0
(8 bits)
TF0
(Interrupt Flag)
XOR
Figure 21.1. T0 Mode 0 Block Diagram
Mode 1: 16-bit Counter/Timer
Mode 1 operation is the same as Mode 0, except that the counter/timer registers use all 16 bits. The counter/timers are enabled and
configured in Mode 1 in the same manner as for Mode 0. The overflow rate for Timer 0 in 16-bit mode is:
F TIMER0 =
F Input Clock
216 – TH0:TL0
=
F Input Clock
65536 – TH0:TL0
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Timers (Timer0, Timer1, Timer2, and Timer3)
Mode 2: 8-bit Counter/Timer with Auto-Reload
Mode 2 configures Timer 0 and Timer 1 to operate as 8-bit counter/timers with automatic reload of the start value. TL0 holds the count
and TH0 holds the reload value. When the counter in TL0 overflows from all ones to 0x00, the timer overflow flag TF0 in the TCON
register is set and the counter in TL0 is reloaded from TH0. If Timer 0 interrupts are enabled, an interrupt will occur when the TF0 flag is
set. The reload value in TH0 is not changed. TL0 must be initialized to the desired value before enabling the timer for the first count to
be correct. When in Mode 2, Timer 1 operates identically to Timer 0.
The overflow rate for Timer 0 in 8-bit auto-reload mode is:
F TIMER0 =
F Input Clock
28 – TH0
=
F Input Clock
256 – TH0
Both counter/timers are enabled and configured in Mode 2 in the same manner as Mode 0. Setting the TR0 bit enables the timer when
either GATE0 in the TMOD register is logic 0 or when the input signal INT0 is active as defined by bit IN0PL in register IT01CF.
T0M
Pre-scaled Clock
CT0
0
0
SYSCLK
1
1
T0
TR0
TCLK
TL0
(8 bits)
TF0
(Interrupt Flag)
GATE0
INT0
IN0PL
XOR
TH0
(8 bits)
Reload
Figure 21.2. T0 Mode 2 Block Diagram
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Timers (Timer0, Timer1, Timer2, and Timer3)
Mode 3: Two 8-bit Counter/Timers (Timer 0 Only)
In Mode 3, Timer 0 is configured as two separate 8-bit counter/timers held in TL0 and TH0. The counter/timer in TL0 is controlled using
the Timer 0 control/status bits in TCON and TMOD: TR0, CT0, GATE0, and TF0. TL0 can use either the system clock or an external
input signal as its timebase. The TH0 register is restricted to a timer function sourced by the system clock or prescaled clock. TH0 is
enabled using the Timer 1 run control bit TR1. TH0 sets the Timer 1 overflow flag TF1 on overflow and thus controls the Timer 1 interrupt.
The overflow rate for Timer 0 Low in 8-bit mode is:
F TIMER0 =
F Input Clock
28 – TL0
=
F Input Clock
256 – TL0
The overflow rate for Timer 0 High in 8-bit mode is:
F TIMER0 =
F Input Clock
28 – TH0
=
F Input Clock
256 – TH0
Timer 1 is inactive in Mode 3. When Timer 0 is operating in Mode 3, Timer 1 can be operated in Modes 0, 1 or 2, but cannot be clocked
by external signals nor set the TF1 flag and generate an interrupt. However, the Timer 1 overflow can be used to generate baud rates
for the SMBus and/or UART, and/or initiate ADC conversions. While Timer 0 is operating in Mode 3, Timer 1 run control is handled
through its mode settings. To run Timer 1 while Timer 0 is in Mode 3, set the Timer 1 Mode as 0, 1, or 2. To disable Timer 1, configure
it for Mode 3.
T0M
CT0
Pre-scaled Clock
0
TR1
SYSCLK
TH0
(8 bits)
1
TF1
(Interrupt Flag)
0
1
T0
TR0
TCLK
GATE0
INT0
IN0PL
TL0
(8 bits)
TF0
(Interrupt Flag)
XOR
Figure 21.3. T0 Mode 3 Block Diagram
21.3.3 Timer 2 and Timer 3
Timer 2 and Timer 3 are functionally equivalent, with the only differences being the top-level connections to other parts of the system.
The timers are 16 bits wide, formed by two 8-bit SFRs: TMRnL (low byte) and TMRnH (high byte). Each timer may operate in 16-bit
auto-reload mode, dual 8-bit auto-reload (split) mode, or capture mode.
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Timers (Timer0, Timer1, Timer2, and Timer3)
Clock Selection
Clocking for each timer is configured using the TnXCLK bit field and the TnML and TnMH bits. Timer 2 may be clocked by the system
clock, system clock divided by 12, Comparator 0 output, or RTC oscillator divided by 8. Timer 3 may be clocked by the system clock,
the system clock divided by 12, the external oscillator clock source divided by 8 (synchronized with SYSCLK), or the Comparator 1
output.
6
F SYSCLK > F EXTOSC ×
7
When operating in one of the 16-bit modes, the low-side timer clock is used to clock the entire 16-bit timer.
T2XCLK
T3XCLK
T2ML
T3ML
SYSCLK / 12
SYSCLK / 12
External Oscillator / 8
RTC / 8
SYSCLK / 12
Comparator 0
Comparator 1
To Timer 2 Low
Clock Input
SYSCLK
To Timer 3 Low
Clock Input
SYSCLK
T2MH
T3MH
To Timer 2 High
Clock Input
(for split mode)
Timer 2 Clock Selection
To Timer 3 High
Clock Input
(for split mode)
Timer 3 Clock Selection
Figure 21.4. Timer 2 and 3 Clock Source Selection
Capture Sources
Capture mode allows an input to be measured against the selected clock source. Timer 2 is capable of performing a capture function on
the RTC clock output divided by 8 or Comparator 0 output, while Timer 3 is capable of performing a capture function on the Comparator
1 output or external oscillator divided by 8.
RTC / 8
Comparator 1 Output
To Timer 2
Capture Input
Comparator 0 Output
T2XCLK
Capture Source Selection
To Timer 3
Capture Input
External Oscillator / 8
T3XCLK
Capture Source Selection
Figure 21.5. Timer 2 and 3 Capture Sources
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Timers (Timer0, Timer1, Timer2, and Timer3)
21.3.3.1 16-bit Timer with Auto-Reload
When TnSPLIT is zero, the timer operates as a 16-bit timer with auto-reload. In this mode, the selected clock source increments the
timer on every clock. As the 16-bit timer register increments and overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000, the 16-bit value in the timer reload
registers (TMRnRLH and TMRnRLL) is loaded into the main timer count register, and the High Byte Overflow Flag (TFnH) is set. If the
timer interrupts are enabled, an interrupt is generated on each timer overflow. Additionally, if the timer interrupts are enabled and the
TFnLEN bit is set, an interrupt is generated each time the lower 8 bits (TMRnL) overflow from 0xFF to 0x00.
The overflow rate of the timer in split 16-bit auto-reload mode is:
F TIMERn =
F Input Clock
216 – TMRnRLH:TMRnRLL
=
F Input Clock
65536 – TMRnRLH:TMRnRLL
TFnL
Overflow
Timer Low Clock
TRn
TFnLEN
TMRnL
TMRnH
TMRnRLL
TMRnRLH
TFnH
Overflow
Interrupt
Reload
Figure 21.6. 16-Bit Mode Block Diagram
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Timers (Timer0, Timer1, Timer2, and Timer3)
21.3.3.2 8-bit Timers with Auto-Reload (Split Mode)
When TnSPLIT is set, the timer operates as two 8-bit timers (TMRnH and TMRnL). Both 8-bit timers operate in auto-reload mode.
TMRnRLL holds the reload value for TMRnL; TMRnRLH holds the reload value for TMRnH. The TRn bit in TMRnCN handles the run
control for TMRnH. TMRnL is always running when configured for 8-bit auto-reload mode. As shown in the clock source selection tree,
the two halves of the timer may be clocked from SYSCLK or by the source selected by the TnXCLK bits.
The overflow rate of the low timer in split 8-bit auto-reload mode is:
F TIMERn Low =
F Input Clock
=
8
2 – TMRnRLL
F Input Clock
256 – TMRnRLL
The overflow rate of the high timer in split 8-bit auto-reload mode is:
F TIMERn High =
F Input Clock
8
2 – TMRnRLH
=
F Input Clock
256 – TMRnRLH
The TFnH bit is set when TMRnH overflows from 0xFF to 0x00; the TFnL bit is set when TMRnL overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. When
timer interrupts are enabled, an interrupt is generated each time TMRnH overflows. If timer interrupts are enabled and TFnLEN is set,
an interrupt is generated each time either TMRnL or TMRnH overflows. When TFnLEN is enabled, software must check the TFnH and
TFnL flags to determine the source of the timer interrupt. The TFnH and TFnL interrupt flags are not cleared by hardware and must be
manually cleared by software.
TMRnRLH
Timer High Clock
TRn
TMRnH
TMRnRLL
Timer Low Clock
TCLK
TMRnL
Reload
TFnH
Overflow
Interrupt
Reload
TFnLEN
TFnL
Overflow
Figure 21.7. 8-Bit Split Mode Block Diagram
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Timers (Timer0, Timer1, Timer2, and Timer3)
21.3.3.3 Capture Mode
Capture mode allows a system event to be measured against the selected clock source. When used in capture mode, the timer clocks
normally from the selected clock source through the entire range of 16-bit values from 0x0000 to 0xFFFF.
Setting TFnCEN to 1 enables capture mode. In this mode, TnSPLIT should be set to 0, as the full 16-bit timer is used. Upon a falling
edge of the input capture signal, the contents of the timer register (TMRnH:TMRnL) are loaded into the reload registers
(TMRnRLH:TMRnRLL) and the TFnH flag is set. By recording the difference between two successive timer capture values, the period
of the captured signal can be determined with respect to the selected timer clock.
Timer Low Clock
Capture Source
TRn
TFnCEN
TMRnL
TMRnH
TMRnRLL
TMRnRLH
Capture
TFnH
(Interrupt)
Figure 21.8. Capture Mode Block Diagram
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Timers (Timer0, Timer1, Timer2, and Timer3)
21.4 Timer 0, 1, 2 and 3, Control Registers
21.4.1 CKCON0: Clock Control 0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Name
T3MH
T3ML
T2MH
T2ML
T1M
T0M
SCA
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0x0
Reset
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x8E
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
T3MH
0
RW
Timer 3 High Byte Clock Select.
Selects the clock supplied to the Timer 3 high byte (split 8-bit timer mode only).
6
Value
Name
Description
0
EXTERNAL_CLOCK
Timer 3 high byte uses the clock defined by T3XCLK in TMR3CN0.
1
SYSCLK
Timer 3 high byte uses the system clock.
T3ML
0
RW
Timer 3 Low Byte Clock Select.
Selects the clock supplied to Timer 3. Selects the clock supplied to the lower 8-bit timer in split 8-bit timer mode.
5
Value
Name
Description
0
EXTERNAL_CLOCK
Timer 3 low byte uses the clock defined by T3XCLK in TMR3CN0.
1
SYSCLK
Timer 3 low byte uses the system clock.
T2MH
0
RW
Timer 2 High Byte Clock Select.
Selects the clock supplied to the Timer 2 high byte (split 8-bit timer mode only).
4
Value
Name
Description
0
EXTERNAL_CLOCK
Timer 2 high byte uses the clock defined by T2XCLK in TMR2CN0.
1
SYSCLK
Timer 2 high byte uses the system clock.
T2ML
0
RW
Timer 2 Low Byte Clock Select.
Selects the clock supplied to Timer 2. If Timer 2 is configured in split 8-bit timer mode, this bit selects the clock supplied to
the lower 8-bit timer.
3
Value
Name
Description
0
EXTERNAL_CLOCK
Timer 2 low byte uses the clock defined by T2XCLK in TMR2CN0.
1
SYSCLK
Timer 2 low byte uses the system clock.
T1M
0
RW
Timer 1 Clock Select.
Selects the clock source supplied to Timer 1. Ignored when C/T1 is set to 1.
Value
Name
Description
0
PRESCALE
Timer 1 uses the clock defined by the prescale field, SCA.
1
SYSCLK
Timer 1 uses the system clock.
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Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
2
T0M
0
RW
Timer 0 Clock Select.
Selects the clock source supplied to Timer 0. Ignored when C/T0 is set to 1.
1:0
Value
Name
Description
0
PRESCALE
Counter/Timer 0 uses the clock defined by the prescale field, SCA.
1
SYSCLK
Counter/Timer 0 uses the system clock.
SCA
0x0
RW
Timer 0/1 Prescale.
These bits control the Timer 0/1 Clock Prescaler:
Value
Name
Description
0x0
SYSCLK_DIV_12
System clock divided by 12.
0x1
SYSCLK_DIV_4
System clock divided by 4.
0x2
SYSCLK_DIV_48
System clock divided by 48.
0x3
EXTOSC_DIV_8
External oscillator divided by 8 (synchronized with the system clock).
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Timers (Timer0, Timer1, Timer2, and Timer3)
21.4.2 TCON: Timer 0/1 Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
IE0
IT0
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x88 (bit-addressable)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
TF1
0
RW
Timer 1 Overflow Flag.
Set to 1 by hardware when Timer 1 overflows. This flag can be cleared by firmware but is automatically cleared when the
CPU vectors to the Timer 1 interrupt service routine.
6
TR1
0
RW
Timer 1 Run Control.
Timer 1 is enabled by setting this bit to 1.
5
TF0
0
RW
Timer 0 Overflow Flag.
Set to 1 by hardware when Timer 0 overflows. This flag can be cleared by firmware but is automatically cleared when the
CPU vectors to the Timer 0 interrupt service routine.
4
TR0
0
RW
Timer 0 Run Control.
Timer 0 is enabled by setting this bit to 1.
3
IE1
0
RW
External Interrupt 1.
This flag is set by hardware when an edge/level of type defined by IT1 is detected. It can be cleared by firmware but is
automatically cleared when the CPU vectors to the External Interrupt 1 service routine in edge-triggered mode.
2
IT1
0
RW
Interrupt 1 Type Select.
This bit selects whether the configured INT1 interrupt will be edge or level sensitive. INT1 is configured active low or high
by the IN1PL bit in register IT01CF.
1
Value
Name
Description
0
LEVEL
INT1 is level triggered.
1
EDGE
INT1 is edge triggered.
IE0
0
RW
External Interrupt 0.
This flag is set by hardware when an edge/level of type defined by IT0 is detected. It can be cleared by firmware but is
automatically cleared when the CPU vectors to the External Interrupt 0 service routine in edge-triggered mode.
0
IT0
0
RW
Interrupt 0 Type Select.
This bit selects whether the configured INT0 interrupt will be edge or level sensitive. INT0 is configured active low or high
by the IN0PL bit in register IT01CF.
Value
Name
Description
0
LEVEL
INT0 is level triggered.
1
EDGE
INT0 is edge triggered.
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21.4.3 TMOD: Timer 0/1 Mode
Bit
7
6
Name
GATE1
CT1
Access
RW
0
Reset
5
4
3
2
1
0
T1M
GATE0
CT0
T0M
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0x0
0
0
0x0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x89
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
GATE1
0
RW
Timer 1 Gate Control.
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Timer 1 enabled when TR1 = 1 irrespective of INT1 logic level.
1
ENABLED
Timer 1 enabled only when TR1 = 1 and INT1 is active as defined by bit IN1PL in
register IT01CF.
CT1
0
Value
Name
Description
0
TIMER
Timer Mode. Timer 1 increments on the clock defined by T1M in the CKCON0
register.
1
COUNTER
Counter Mode. Timer 1 increments on high-to-low transitions of an external pin
(T1).
T1M
0x0
6
5:4
RW
RW
Counter/Timer 1 Select.
Timer 1 Mode Select.
These bits select the Timer 1 operation mode.
3
2
Value
Name
Description
0x0
MODE0
Mode 0, 13-bit Counter/Timer
0x1
MODE1
Mode 1, 16-bit Counter/Timer
0x2
MODE2
Mode 2, 8-bit Counter/Timer with Auto-Reload
0x3
MODE3
Mode 3, Timer 1 Inactive
GATE0
0
Value
Name
Description
0
DISABLED
Timer 0 enabled when TR0 = 1 irrespective of INT0 logic level.
1
ENABLED
Timer 0 enabled only when TR0 = 1 and INT0 is active as defined by bit IN0PL in
register IT01CF.
CT0
0
Value
Name
Description
0
TIMER
Timer Mode. Timer 0 increments on the clock defined by T0M in the CKCON0
register.
1
COUNTER
Counter Mode. Timer 0 increments on high-to-low transitions of an external pin
(T0).
RW
RW
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Timer 0 Gate Control.
Counter/Timer 0 Select.
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Timers (Timer0, Timer1, Timer2, and Timer3)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
1:0
T0M
0x0
RW
Timer 0 Mode Select.
These bits select the Timer 0 operation mode.
Value
Name
Description
0x0
MODE0
Mode 0, 13-bit Counter/Timer
0x1
MODE1
Mode 1, 16-bit Counter/Timer
0x2
MODE2
Mode 2, 8-bit Counter/Timer with Auto-Reload
0x3
MODE3
Mode 3, Two 8-bit Counter/Timers
21.4.4 TL0: Timer 0 Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
TL0
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
3
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x8A
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
TL0
0x00
RW
Timer 0 Low Byte.
The TL0 register is the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 0.
21.4.5 TL1: Timer 1 Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
TL1
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x8B
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
TL1
0x00
RW
Timer 1 Low Byte.
The TL1 register is the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 1.
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21.4.6 TH0: Timer 0 High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
TH0
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
3
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x8C
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
TH0
0x00
RW
Timer 0 High Byte.
The TH0 register is the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 0.
21.4.7 TH1: Timer 1 High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
TH1
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x8D
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
TH1
0x00
RW
Timer 1 High Byte.
The TH1 register is the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 1.
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21.4.8 TMR2CN0: Timer 2 Control 0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Name
TF2H
TF2L
TF2LEN
TF2CEN
T2SPLIT
TR2
T2XCLK
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0x0
Reset
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xC8 (bit-addressable)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
TF2H
0
RW
Timer 2 High Byte Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the Timer 2 high byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. In 16-bit mode, this will occur when Timer 2
overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. When the Timer 2 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the
Timer 2 interrupt service routine. This bit must be cleared by firmware.
6
TF2L
0
RW
Timer 2 Low Byte Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the Timer 2 low byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. TF2L will be set when the low byte overflows
regardless of the Timer 2 mode. This bit must be cleared by firmware.
5
TF2LEN
0
RW
Timer 2 Low Byte Interrupt Enable.
When set to 1, this bit enables Timer 2 Low Byte interrupts. If Timer 2 interrupts are also enabled, an interrupt will be generated when the low byte of Timer 2 overflows.
4
TF2CEN
0
RW
Timer 2 Capture Enable.
When set to 1, this bit enables Timer 2 Capture Mode. If TF2CEN is set and Timer 2 interrupts are enabled, an interrupt will
be generated based on the selected input capture source, and the current 16-bit timer value in TMR2H:TMR2L will be copied to TMR2RLH:TMR2RLL.
3
T2SPLIT
0
RW
Timer 2 Split Mode Enable.
When this bit is set, Timer 2 operates as two 8-bit timers with auto-reload.
2
Value
Name
Description
0
16_BIT_RELOAD
Timer 2 operates in 16-bit auto-reload mode.
1
8_BIT_RELOAD
Timer 2 operates as two 8-bit auto-reload timers.
TR2
0
Timer 2 Run Control.
RW
Timer 2 is enabled by setting this bit to 1. In 8-bit mode, this bit enables/disables TMR2H only; TMR2L is always enabled in
split mode.
1:0
T2XCLK
0x0
RW
Timer 2 External Clock Select.
This bit selects the external clock source for Timer 2. If Timer 2 is in 8-bit mode, this bit selects the external oscillator clock
source for both timer bytes. However, the Timer 2 Clock Select bits (T2MH and T2ML) may still be used to select between
the external clock and the system clock for either timer. Note: External clock sources are synchronized with the system
clock.
Value
Name
Description
0x0
SYSCLK_DIV_12_CAP
_RTC
External Clock is SYSCLK/12. Capture trigger is RTC/8.
0x1
CMP_0_CAP_RTC
External Clock is Comparator 0. Capture trigger is RTC/8.
0x2
SYSCLK_DIV_12_CAP
_CMP0
External Clock is SYSCLK/12. Capture trigger is Comparator 0.
0x3
RTC_DIV_8_CAP_CMP External Clock is RTC/8. Capture trigger is Comparator 0.
0
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21.4.9 TMR2RLL: Timer 2 Reload Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
TMR2RLL
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xCA
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
TMR2RLL
0x00
RW
Timer 2 Reload Low Byte.
When operating in one of the auto-reload modes, TMR2RLL holds the reload value for the low byte of Timer 2 (TMR2L).
When operating in capture mode, TMR2RLL is the captured value of TMR2L.
21.4.10 TMR2RLH: Timer 2 Reload High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
TMR2RLH
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xCB
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
TMR2RLH
0x00
RW
Timer 2 Reload High Byte.
When operating in one of the auto-reload modes, TMR2RLH holds the reload value for the high byte of Timer 2 (TMR2H).
When operating in capture mode, TMR2RLH is the captured value of TMR2H.
21.4.11 TMR2L: Timer 2 Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
TMR2L
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xCC
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
TMR2L
0x00
RW
Timer 2 Low Byte.
In 16-bit mode, the TMR2L register contains the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 2. In 8-bit mode, TMR2L contains the 8-bit low
byte timer value.
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21.4.12 TMR2H: Timer 2 High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
TMR2H
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0xCD
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
TMR2H
0x00
RW
Timer 2 High Byte.
In 16-bit mode, the TMR2H register contains the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 2. In 8-bit mode, TMR2H contains the 8-bit
high byte timer value.
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21.4.13 TMR3CN0: Timer 3 Control 0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Name
TF3H
TF3L
TF3LEN
TF3CEN
T3SPLIT
TR3
Access
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
1
0
T3XCLK
R
RW
0x0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x91
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
TF3H
0
RW
Timer 3 High Byte Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the Timer 3 high byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. In 16-bit mode, this will occur when Timer 3
overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. When the Timer 3 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the
Timer 3 interrupt service routine. This bit must be cleared by firmware.
6
TF3L
0
RW
Timer 3 Low Byte Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the Timer 3 low byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. TF3L will be set when the low byte overflows
regardless of the Timer 3 mode. This bit must be cleared by firmware.
5
TF3LEN
0
RW
Timer 3 Low Byte Interrupt Enable.
When set to 1, this bit enables Timer 3 Low Byte interrupts. If Timer 3 interrupts are also enabled, an interrupt will be generated when the low byte of Timer 3 overflows.
4
TF3CEN
0
RW
Timer 3 Capture Enable.
When set to 1, this bit enables Timer 3 Capture Mode. If TF3CEN is set and Timer 3 interrupts are enabled, an interrupt will
be generated based on the selected input capture source, and the current 16-bit timer value in TMR3H:TMR3L will be copied to TMR3RLH:TMR3RLL.
3
T3SPLIT
0
RW
Timer 3 Split Mode Enable.
When this bit is set, Timer 3 operates as two 8-bit timers with auto-reload.
2
Value
Name
Description
0
16_BIT_RELOAD
Timer 3 operates in 16-bit auto-reload mode.
1
8_BIT_RELOAD
Timer 3 operates as two 8-bit auto-reload timers.
TR3
0
Timer 3 Run Control.
RW
Timer 3 is enabled by setting this bit to 1. In 8-bit mode, this bit enables/disables TMR3H only; TMR3L is always enabled in
split mode.
1:0
T3XCLK
0x0
RW
Timer 3 External Clock Select.
This bit selects the external clock source for Timer 3. If Timer 3 is in 8-bit mode, this bit selects the external oscillator clock
source for both timer bytes. However, the Timer 3 Clock Select bits (T3MH and T3ML) may still be used to select between
the external clock and the system clock for either timer. Note: External clock sources are synchronized with the system
clock.
Value
Name
Description
0x0
SYSCLK_DIV_12_CAP
_CMP1
External Clock is SYSCLK/12. Capture trigger is Comparator 1.
0x1
External Clock is External Oscillator/8. Capture trigger is Comparator 1.
EXTOSC_DIV_8_CAP_CM
P1
0x2
SYSCLK_DIV_12_CAP
_EXTOSC
External Clock is SYSCLK/12. Capture trigger is External Oscillator/8.
0x3
CMP1_CAP_EXTOSC
External Clock is Comparator 1. Capture trigger is External Oscillator/8.
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21.4.14 TMR3RLL: Timer 3 Reload Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
TMR3RLL
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x92
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
TMR3RLL
0x00
RW
Timer 3 Reload Low Byte.
When operating in one of the auto-reload modes, TMR3RLL holds the reload value for the low byte of Timer 3 (TMR3L).
When operating in capture mode, TMR3RLL is the captured value of TMR3L.
21.4.15 TMR3RLH: Timer 3 Reload High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
TMR3RLH
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x93
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
TMR3RLH
0x00
RW
Timer 3 Reload High Byte.
When operating in one of the auto-reload modes, TMR3RLH holds the reload value for the high byte of Timer 3 (TMR3H).
When operating in capture mode, TMR3RLH is the captured value of TMR3H.
21.4.16 TMR3L: Timer 3 Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
TMR3L
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x94
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
TMR3L
0x00
RW
Timer 3 Low Byte.
In 16-bit mode, the TMR3L register contains the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 3. In 8-bit mode, TMR3L contains the 8-bit low
byte timer value.
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21.4.17 TMR3H: Timer 3 High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
TMR3H
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x95
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
TMR3H
0x00
RW
Timer 3 High Byte.
In 16-bit mode, the TMR3H register contains the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 3. In 8-bit mode, TMR3H contains the 8-bit
high byte timer value.
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Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter 0 (UART0)
22. Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter 0 (UART0)
22.1 Introduction
UART0 is an asynchronous, full duplex serial port offering modes 1 and 3 of the standard 8051 UART. Enhanced baud rate support
allows a wide range of clock sources to generate standard baud rates. Received data buffering allows UART0 to start reception of a
second incoming data byte before software has finished reading the previous data byte.
UART0 has two associated SFRs: Serial Control Register 0 (SCON0) and Serial Data Buffer 0 (SBUF0). The single SBUF0 location
provides access to both transmit and receive registers.
Note: Writes to SBUF0 always access the transmit register. Reads of SBUF0 always access the buffered receive register; it is not possible to read data from the transmit register.
With UART0 interrupts enabled, an interrupt is generated each time a transmit is completed (TI is set in SCON0), or a data byte has
been received (RI is set in SCON0). The UART0 interrupt flags are not cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt
service routine. They must be cleared manually by software, allowing software to determine the cause of the UART0 interrupt (transmit
complete or receive complete).
UART0
TB8
(9th bit)
TI, RI
Interrupts
Output Shift
Register
Control /
Configuration
Baud Rate
Generator
(Timer 1)
TX
SBUF (8 LSBs)
TX Clk
RX Clk
Input Shift
Register
RB8
(9th bit)
RX
START
Detection
Figure 22.1. UART0 Block Diagram
22.2 Features
The UART uses two signals (TX and RX) and a predetermined fixed baud rate to provide asynchronous communications with other
devices.
The UART module provides the following features:
• Asynchronous transmissions and receptions
• Baud rates up to SYSCLK/2 (transmit) or SYSCLK/8 (receive)
• 8- or 9-bit data
• Automatic start and stop generation
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Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter 0 (UART0)
22.3 Functional Description
22.3.1 Baud Rate Generation
The UART0 baud rate is generated by Timer 1 in 8-bit auto-reload mode. The TX clock is generated by TL1; the RX clock is generated
by a copy of TL1, which is not user-accessible. Both TX and RX timer overflows are divided by two to generate the TX and RX baud
rates. The RX timer runs when Timer 1 is enabled and uses the same reload value (TH1). However, an RX timer reload is forced when
a START condition is detected on the RX pin. This allows a receive to begin any time a START is detected, independent of the TX timer
state.
Baud Rate Generator
(In Timer 1)
TL1
2
TX Clock
2
RX Clock
TH1
START
Detection
RX Timer
Figure 22.2. UART0 Baud Rate Logic Block Diagram
Timer 1 should be configured for 8-bit auto-reload mode (mode 2). The Timer 1 reload value and prescaler should be set so that overflows occur at twice the desired UART0 baud rate. The UART0 baud rate is half of the Timer 1 overflow rate. Configuring the Timer 1
overflow rate is discussed in the timer sections.
22.3.2 Data Format
UART0 has two options for data formatting. All data transfers begin with a start bit (logic low), followed by the data (sent LSB-first), and
end with a stop bit (logic high). The data length of the UART0 module is normally 8 bits. An extra 9th bit may be added to the MSB of
data field for use in multi-processor communications or for implementing parity checks on the data. The S0MODE bit in the SCON register selects between 8 or 9-bit data transfers.
MARK
START
BIT
SPACE
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
STOP
BIT
D7
BIT TIMES
BIT SAMPLING
Figure 22.3. 8-Bit Data Transfer
MARK
SPACE
START
BIT
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
STOP
BIT
BIT TIMES
BIT SAMPLING
Figure 22.4. 9-Bit Data Transfer
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Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter 0 (UART0)
22.3.3 Data Transfer
UART0 provides standard asynchronous, full duplex communication. All data sent or received goes through the SBUF0 register and (in
9-bit mode) the RB8 bit in the SCON0 register.
Transmitting Data
Data transmission is initiated when software writes a data byte to the SBUF0 register. If 9-bit mode is used, software should set up the
desired 9th bit in TB8 prior to writing SBUF0. Data is transmitted LSB first from the TX pin. The TI flag in SCON0 is set at the end of the
transmission (at the beginning of the stop-bit time). If TI interrupts are enabled, TI will trigger an interrupt.
Receiving Data
To enable data reception, firmware should write the REN bit to 1. Data reception begins when a start condition is recognized on the RX
pin. Data will be received at the selected baud rate through the end of the data phase. Data will be transferred into the receive buffer
under the following conditions:
• There is room in the receive buffer for the data.
• MCE is set to 1 and the stop bit is also 1 (8-bit mode).
• MCE is set to 1 and the 9th bit is also 1 (9-bit mode).
• MCE is 0 (stop or 9th bit will be ignored).
In the event that there is not room in the receive buffer for the data, the most recently received data will be lost. The RI flag will be set
any time that valid data has been pushed into the receive buffer. If RI interrupts are enabled, RI will trigger an interrupt. Firmware may
read the 8 LSBs of received data by reading the SBUF0 register. The RB8 bit in SCON0 will represent the 9th received bit (in 9-bit
mode) or the stop bit (in 8-bit mode), and should be read prior to reading SBUF0.
22.3.4 Multiprocessor Communications
9-Bit UART mode supports multiprocessor communication between a master processor and one or more slave processors by special
use of the ninth data bit. When a master processor wants to transmit to one or more slaves, it first sends an address byte to select the
target(s). An address byte differs from a data byte in that its ninth bit is logic 1; in a data byte, the ninth bit is always set to logic 0.
Setting the MCE bit of a slave processor configures its UART such that when a stop bit is received, the UART will generate an interrupt
only if the ninth bit is logic 1 (RB8 = 1) signifying an address byte has been received. In the UART interrupt handler, software will compare the received address with the slave's own assigned 8-bit address. If the addresses match, the slave will clear its MCE bit to enable
interrupts on the reception of the following data byte(s). Slaves that weren't addressed leave their MCE bits set and do not generate
interrupts on the reception of the following data bytes, thereby ignoring the data. Once the entire message is received, the addressed
slave resets its MCE bit to ignore all transmissions until it receives the next address byte.
Multiple addresses can be assigned to a single slave and/or a single address can be assigned to multiple slaves, thereby enabling
"broadcast" transmissions to more than one slave simultaneously. The master processor can be configured to receive all transmissions
or a protocol can be implemented such that the master/slave role is temporarily reversed to enable half-duplex transmission between
the original master and slave(s).
Master
Device
RX
TX
Slave
Device
RX
TX
Slave
Device
RX
TX
Slave
Device
RX
V+
TX
Figure 22.5. Multi-Processor Mode Interconnect Diagram
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Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter 0 (UART0)
22.4 UART0 Control Registers
22.4.1 SCON0: UART0 Serial Port Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
SMODE
Reserved
MCE
REN
TB8
RB8
TI
RI
Access
RW
R
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
Reset
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x98 (bit-addressable)
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7
SMODE
0
RW
Serial Port 0 Operation Mode.
Selects the UART0 Operation Mode.
Value
Name
Description
0
8_BIT
8-bit UART with Variable Baud Rate (Mode 0).
1
9_BIT
9-bit UART with Variable Baud Rate (Mode 1).
6
Reserved
Must write reset value.
5
MCE
0
RW
Multiprocessor Communication Enable.
This bit enables checking of the stop bit or the 9th bit in multi-drop communication buses. The function of this bit is dependent on the UART0 operation mode selected by the SMODE bit. In Mode 0 (8-bits), the peripheral will check that the stop bit
is logic 1. In Mode 1 (9-bits) the peripheral will check for a logic 1 on the 9th bit.
4
3
Value
Name
Description
0
MULTI_DISABLED
Ignore level of 9th bit / Stop bit.
1
MULTI_ENABLED
RI is set and an interrupt is generated only when the stop bit is logic 1 (Mode 0)
or when the 9th bit is logic 1 (Mode 1).
REN
0
Receive Enable.
Value
Name
Description
0
RECEIVE_DISABLED
UART0 reception disabled.
1
RECEIVE_ENABLED
UART0 reception enabled.
TB8
0
Ninth Transmission Bit.
RW
RW
The logic level of this bit will be sent as the ninth transmission bit in 9-bit UART Mode (Mode 1). Unused in 8-bit mode
(Mode 0).
2
RB8
0
RW
Ninth Receive Bit.
RB8 is assigned the value of the STOP bit in Mode 0; it is assigned the value of the 9th data bit in Mode 1.
1
TI
0
RW
Transmit Interrupt Flag.
Set by hardware when a byte of data has been transmitted by UART0 (after the 8th bit in 8-bit UART Mode, or at the beginning of the STOP bit in 9-bit UART Mode). When the UART0 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector
to the UART0 interrupt service routine. This bit must be cleared manually by firmware.
0
RI
0
RW
Receive Interrupt Flag.
Set to 1 by hardware when a byte of data has been received by UART0 (set at the STOP bit sampling time). When the
UART0 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit to 1 causes the CPU to vector to the UART0 interrupt service routine. This bit
must be cleared manually by firmware.
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EFM8SB2 Reference Manual
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter 0 (UART0)
22.4.2 SBUF0: UART0 Serial Port Data Buffer
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
SBUF0
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
SFR Page = 0x0; SFR Address: 0x99
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
SBUF0
0x00
RW
Serial Data Buffer.
This SFR accesses two registers: a transmit shift register and a receive latch register. When data is written to SBUF0, it
goes to the transmit shift register and is held for serial transmission. Writing a byte to SBUF0 initiates the transmission. A
read of SBUF0 returns the contents of the receive latch.
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EFM8SB2 Reference Manual
C2 Debug and Programming Interface
23. C2 Debug and Programming Interface
23.1 Introduction
The device includes an on-chip Silicon Labs 2-Wire (C2) debug interface that allows flash programming and in-system debugging with
the production part installed in the end application. The C2 interface uses a clock signal (C2CK) and a bi-directional C2 data signal
(C2D) to transfer information between the device and a host system. Details on the C2 protocol can be found in the C2 Interface Specification.
23.2 Features
The C2 interface provides the following features:
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In-system device programming and debugging.
Non-intrusive - no firmware or hardware peripheral resources required.
Allows inspection and modification of all memory spaces and registers.
Provides hardware breakpoints and single-step capabilites.
Can be locked via flash security mechanism to prevent unwanted access.
23.3 Pin Sharing
The C2 protocol allows the C2 pins to be shared with user functions so that in-system debugging and flash programming may be performed. C2CK is shared with the RSTb pin, while the C2D signal is shared with a port I/O pin. This is possible because C2 communication is typically performed when the device is in the halt state, where all on-chip peripherals and user software are stalled. In this halted
state, the C2 interface can safely "borrow" the C2CK and C2D pins. In most applications, external resistors are required to isolate C2
interface traffic from the user application.
MCU
RSTb (a)
C2CK
Input (b)
C2D
Output (c)
C2 Interface Master
Figure 23.1. Typical C2 Pin Sharing
The configuration above assumes the following:
• The user input (b) cannot change state while the target device is halted.
• The RSTb pin on the target device is used as an input only.
Additional resistors may be necessary depending on the specific application.
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EFM8SB2 Reference Manual
C2 Debug and Programming Interface
23.4 C2 Interface Registers
23.4.1 C2ADD: C2 Address
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
C2ADD
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
This register is part of the C2 protocol.
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
C2ADD
0x00
RW
C2 Address.
The C2ADD register is accessed via the C2 interface. The value written to C2ADD selects the target data register for C2
Data Read and Data Write commands.
0x00: C2DEVID
0x01: C2REVID
0x02: C2FPCTL
0xB4: C2FPDAT
23.4.2 C2DEVID: C2 Device ID
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
C2DEVID
Access
R
Reset
3
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
0x16
C2 Address: 0x00
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
C2DEVID
0x16
R
Device ID.
This read-only register returns the 8-bit device ID: 0x16 (EFM8SB2).
23.4.3 C2REVID: C2 Revision ID
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
C2REVID
Access
R
Reset
Varies
C2 Address: 0x01
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
C2REVID
Varies
R
Revision ID.
This read-only register returns the 8-bit revision ID. For example: 0x02 = Revision A.
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EFM8SB2 Reference Manual
C2 Debug and Programming Interface
23.4.4 C2FPCTL: C2 Flash Programming Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
C2FPCTL
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
C2 Address: 0x02
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
C2FPCTL
0x00
RW
Flash Programming Control Register.
This register is used to enable flash programming via the C2 interface. To enable C2 flash programming, the following codes must be written in order: 0x02, 0x01. Note that once C2 flash programming is enabled, a system reset must be issued
to resume normal operation.
23.4.5 C2FPDAT: C2 Flash Programming Data
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
C2FPDAT
Access
RW
Reset
0x00
2
1
0
C2 Address: 0xB4
Bit
Name
Reset
Access
Description
7:0
C2FPDAT
0x00
RW
C2 Flash Programming Data Register.
This register is used to pass flash commands, addresses, and data during C2 flash accesses. Valid commands are listed
below.
0x03: Device Erase
0x06: Flash Block Read
0x07: Flash Block Write
0x08: Flash Page Erase
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Rev. 0.1 | 273
Table of Contents
1. System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Introduction.
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1.2 Power
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1.3 I/O.
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1.4 Clocking .
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1.5 Counters/Timers and PWM .
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1.6 Communications and Other Digital Peripherals .
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1.7 Analog .
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1.8 Reset Sources
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1.9 Debugging .
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1.10 Bootloader
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2. Memory Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1 Memory Organization .
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2.2 Program Memory .
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2.3 Data Memory .
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2.4 Memory Map .
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.10
3. Special Function Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
3.1 Special Function Register Access .
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.14
3.2 Special Function Register Memory Map .
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.15
3.3 SFR Access Control Registers .
3.3.1 SFRPAGE: SFR Page . . .
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4. Flash Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
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4.1 Introduction.
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.21
4.2 Features.
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.23
4.3 Functional Description . . . . .
4.3.1 Security Options . . . . . .
4.3.2 Programming the Flash Memory .
4.3.2.1 Flash Lock and Key Functions .
4.3.2.2 Flash Page Erase Procedure .
4.3.2.3 Flash Byte Write Procedure . .
4.3.3 Flash Write and Erase Precautions
4.3.4 Minimizing Flash Read Current .
4.3.5 Scratchpad . . . . . . . .
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.24
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.25
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.27
.27
4.4 Flash Control Registers . . .
4.4.1 PSCTL: Program Store Control
4.4.2 FLKEY: Flash Lock and Key .
4.4.3 FLSCL: Flash Scale . . . .
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.28
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.29
.29
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5. Device Identification
5.1 Unique Identifier .
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Table of Contents
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274
6. Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.1 Introduction.
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.31
6.2 Interrupt Sources and Vectors
6.2.1 Interrupt Priorities . . . .
6.2.2 Interrupt Latency . . . .
6.2.3 Interrupt Summary. . . .
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.31
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6.3 Interrupt Control Registers . . .
6.3.1 IE: Interrupt Enable . . . . .
6.3.2 IP: Interrupt Priority . . . . .
6.3.3 EIE1: Extended Interrupt Enable 1
6.3.4 EIP1: Extended Interrupt Priority 1
6.3.5 EIE2: Extended Interrupt Enable 2
6.3.6 EIP2: Extended Interrupt Priority 2
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44
7. Power Management and Internal Regulators
7.1 Introduction.
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7.2 Features.
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7.3 Idle Mode .
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7.4 Stop Mode .
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.45
7.5 Suspend Mode
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.46
7.6 Sleep Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.6.1 Configuring Wakeup Sources . . . . . . . . .
7.6.2 Determining the Event that Caused the Last Wakeup .
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.48
7.7 Power Management Control Registers . . . .
7.7.1 PCON0: Power Control 0 . . . . . . . .
7.7.2 PMU0CF: Power Management Unit Configuration
7.7.3 REG0CN: Voltage Regulator Control . . . .
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.49
.50
8. Clocking and Oscillators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
51
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8.2 Features.
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.51
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.55
.57
8.4 Clocking and Oscillator Control Registers . . .
8.4.1 CLKSEL: Clock Select . . . . . . . . .
8.4.2 HFO0CAL: High Frequency Oscillator Calibration
8.4.3 HFO0CN: High Frequency Oscillator Control . .
8.4.4 XOSC0CN: External Oscillator Control . . . .
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.58
.58
.59
.59
.60
9. Real Time Clock (RTC0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
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8.3 Functional Description . . . . . .
8.3.1 Clock Selection . . . . . . . .
8.3.2 LPOSC0 20 MHz Internal Oscillator .
8.3.3 HFOSC0 24.5 MHz Internal Oscillator
8.3.4 RTC0 Oscillator . . . . . . .
8.3.5 External Crystal . . . . . . .
8.3.6 External RC and C Modes . . . .
8.3.7 External CMOS. . . . . . . .
Table of Contents
275
9.1 Introduction.
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.61
9.2 Features.
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.61
.61
.63
.66
9.4 RTC Control Registers . . . . . . . . .
9.4.1 RTC0KEY: RTC Lock and Key . . . . .
9.4.2 RTC0ADR: RTC Address . . . . . . .
9.4.3 RTC0DAT: RTC Data . . . . . . . .
9.4.4 RTC0CN0: RTC Control 0 . . . . . . .
9.4.5 RTC0XCN0: RTC Oscillator Control 0 . . .
9.4.6 RTC0XCF: RTC Oscillator Configuration . .
9.4.7 CAPTURE0: RTC Timer Capture 0 . . . .
9.4.8 CAPTURE1: RTC Timer Capture 1 . . . .
9.4.9 CAPTURE2: RTC Timer Capture 2 . . . .
9.4.10 CAPTURE3: RTC Timer Capture 3. . . .
9.4.11 ALARM0: RTC Alarm Programmed Value 0 .
9.4.12 ALARM1: RTC Alarm Programmed Value 1 .
9.4.13 ALARM2: RTC Alarm Programmed Value 2 .
9.4.14 ALARM3: RTC Alarm Programmed Value 3 .
9.4.15 RTC0PIN: RTC Pin Configuration . . . .
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.67
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.68
.68
.69
.71
.72
.72
.73
.73
.73
.74
.74
.74
.75
.75
10. Reset Sources and Power Supply Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
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9.3 Functional Description
9.3.1 Interface . . . .
9.3.2 Clocking Options .
9.3.3 Timer and Alarm .
10.1 Introduction .
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.76
10.2 Features .
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.76
10.3 Functional Description . . .
10.3.1 Device Reset . . . . . .
10.3.2 Power-On Reset . . . . .
10.3.3 Supply Monitor Reset . . .
10.3.4 External Reset . . . . .
10.3.5 Missing Clock Detector Reset
10.3.6 Comparator (CMP0) Reset .
10.3.7 PCA Watchdog Timer Reset .
10.3.8 Flash Error Reset . . . .
10.3.9 Software Reset . . . . .
10.3.10 RTC Reset . . . . . .
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.79
.79
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.80
.80
.80
.80
10.4 Reset Sources and Supply Monitor Control Registers .
10.4.1 RSTSRC: Reset Source . . . . . . . . . .
10.4.2 VDM0CN: VDD Supply Monitor Control . . . . .
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.81
.81
.82
11. CIP-51 Microcontroller Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
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11.1 Introduction .
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.83
11.2 Features .
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.84
11.3 Functional Description . . . . . .
11.3.1 Programming and Debugging Support
11.3.2 Instruction Set. . . . . . . . .
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.84
.84
.85
.
Table of Contents
276
11.4 CPU Core Registers . . .
11.4.1 DPL: Data Pointer Low . .
11.4.2 DPH: Data Pointer High .
11.4.3 SP: Stack Pointer . . .
11.4.4 ACC: Accumulator . . .
11.4.5 B: B Register . . . . .
11.4.6 PSW: Program Status Word
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.88
.88
.89
.89
.89
.90
.91
12. Port I/O, Crossbar, External Interrupts, and Port Match . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
92
12.1 Introduction .
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.92
12.2 Features .
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.92
12.3 Functional Description . . . . .
12.3.1 Port I/O Modes of Operation . . .
12.3.1.1 Pin Drive Strength. . . . . .
12.3.2 Analog and Digital Functions . . .
12.3.2.1 Port I/O Analog Assignments . .
12.3.2.2 Port I/O Digital Assignments . .
12.3.3 Priority Crossbar Decoder . . . .
12.3.3.1 Crossbar Functional Map . . .
12.3.4 INT0 and INT1 . . . . . . .
12.3.5 Port Match . . . . . . . . .
12.3.6 Direct Port I/O Access (Read/Write)
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.93
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.95
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.97
.99
.99
.99
12.4 Port I/O Control Registers . . .
12.4.1 XBR0: Port I/O Crossbar 0 . .
12.4.2 XBR1: Port I/O Crossbar 1 . .
12.4.3 XBR2: Port I/O Crossbar 2 . .
12.4.4 P0MASK: Port 0 Mask . . . .
12.4.5 P0MAT: Port 0 Match . . . .
12.4.6 P0: Port 0 Pin Latch . . . . .
12.4.7 P0MDIN: Port 0 Input Mode . .
12.4.8 P0MDOUT: Port 0 Output Mode.
12.4.9 P0SKIP: Port 0 Skip. . . . .
12.4.10 P0DRV: Port 0 Drive Strength .
12.4.11 P1MASK: Port 1 Mask . . .
12.4.12 P1MAT: Port 1 Match . . . .
12.4.13 P1: Port 1 Pin Latch . . . .
12.4.14 P1MDIN: Port 1 Input Mode. .
12.4.15 P1MDOUT: Port 1 Output Mode
12.4.16 P1SKIP: Port 1 Skip . . . .
12.4.17 P1DRV: Port 1 Drive Strength .
12.4.18 P2: Port 2 Pin Latch . . . .
12.4.19 P2MDIN: Port 2 Input Mode. .
12.4.20 P2MDOUT: Port 2 Output Mode
12.4.21 P2SKIP: Port 2 Skip . . . .
12.4.22 P2DRV: Port 2 Drive Strength .
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100
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121
122
12.5 INT0 and INT1 Control Registers . .
12.5.1 IT01CF: INT0/INT1 Configuration .
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. 124
. 124
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13. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC0)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Table of Contents
277
13.1 Introduction .
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. 126
13.2 Features .
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. 127
13.3 Functional Description . . . . .
13.3.1 Clocking. . . . . . . . . .
13.3.2 Voltage Reference Options . . .
13.3.2.1 Internal Voltage Reference . . .
13.3.2.2 Precision Voltage Reference . .
13.3.2.3 Supply or LDO Voltage Reference
13.3.2.4 External Voltage Reference . .
13.3.2.5 Ground Reference . . . . .
13.3.3 Input Selection . . . . . . .
13.3.3.1 Multiplexer Channel Selection . .
13.3.4 Gain Setting . . . . . . . .
13.3.5 Initiating Conversions . . . . .
13.3.6 Input Tracking . . . . . . . .
13.3.7 Burst Mode. . . . . . . . .
13.3.8 8-Bit Mode . . . . . . . . .
13.3.9 Output Formatting . . . . . .
13.3.10 Window Comparator . . . . .
13.3.11 Temperature Sensor . . . . .
13.3.11.1 Temperature Sensor Calibration
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136
136
13.4 ADC0 Control Registers . . . . . . . .
13.4.1 ADC0CN0: ADC0 Control 0 . . . . . .
13.4.2 ADC0CF: ADC0 Configuration . . . . .
13.4.3 ADC0AC: ADC0 Accumulator Configuration
13.4.4 ADC0PWR: ADC0 Power Control . . . .
13.4.5 ADC0TK: ADC0 Burst Mode Track Time . .
13.4.6 ADC0H: ADC0 Data Word High Byte . . .
13.4.7 ADC0L: ADC0 Data Word Low Byte . . .
13.4.8 ADC0GTH: ADC0 Greater-Than High Byte .
13.4.9 ADC0GTL: ADC0 Greater-Than Low Byte .
13.4.10 ADC0LTH: ADC0 Less-Than High Byte . .
13.4.11 ADC0LTL: ADC0 Less-Than Low Byte . .
13.4.12 ADC0MX: ADC0 Multiplexer Selection . .
13.4.13 REF0CN: Voltage Reference Control . .
13.4.14 TOFFH: Temperature Sensor Offset High .
13.4.15 TOFFL: Temperature Sensor Offset Low .
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.
14. Programmable Current Reference (IREF0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
14.1 Introduction .
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. 145
14.2 Features .
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. 145
14.3 Functional Description
14.3.1 Overview . . . .
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. 145
. 145
14.4 IREF0 Control Registers . . . . . . .
14.4.1 IREF0CN0: Current Reference Control 0 .
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15. Comparators (CMP0 and CMP1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
15.1 Introduction .
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Table of Contents
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278
15.2 Features .
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. 147
15.3 Functional Description . . . . .
15.3.1 Response Time and Supply Current
15.3.2 Hysteresis . . . . . . . . .
15.3.3 Input Selection . . . . . . .
15.3.3.1 Multiplexer Channel Selection . .
15.3.4 Output Routing . . . . . . .
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15.4 CMP0 Control Registers . . . . . . . . .
15.4.1 CMP0CN0: Comparator 0 Control 0 . . . .
15.4.2 CMP0MD: Comparator 0 Mode . . . . . .
15.4.3 CMP0MX: Comparator 0 Multiplexer Selection .
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15.5 CMP1 Control Registers . . . . . . . . .
15.5.1 CMP1CN0: Comparator 1 Control 0 . . . .
15.5.2 CMP1MD: Comparator 1 Mode . . . . . .
15.5.3 CMP1MX: Comparator 1 Multiplexer Selection .
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16. Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
16.1 Introduction .
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. 158
16.2 Features .
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16.3 Functional Description . . . . . .
16.3.1 16-bit CRC Algorithm . . . . . .
16.3.2 32-bit CRC Algorithm . . . . . .
16.3.3 Writing to CRC0CN0 . . . . . .
16.3.4 Using the CRC on a Data Stream . .
16.3.5 Using the CRC to Check Code Memory
16.3.6 Bit Reversal . . . . . . . . .
16.4 CRC0 Control Registers . . . . . . . . .
16.4.1 CRC0CN0: CRC0 Control 0 . . . . . . .
16.4.2 CRC0IN: CRC0 Data Input . . . . . . .
16.4.3 CRC0DAT: CRC0 Data Output . . . . . .
16.4.4 CRC0AUTO: CRC0 Automatic Control . . .
16.4.5 CRC0CNT: CRC0 Automatic Flash Sector Count
16.4.6 CRC0FLIP: CRC0 Bit Flip . . . . . . . .
17. Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
17.1 Introduction .
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. 165
17.2 Features .
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. 165
17.3 Functional Description . . . .
17.3.1 Counter / Timer . . . . . .
17.3.2 Interrupt Sources. . . . . .
17.3.3 Capture/Compare Modules . .
17.3.4 Edge-Triggered Capture Mode .
17.3.5 Software Timer (Compare) Mode
17.3.6 High-Speed Output Mode . . .
17.3.7 Frequency Output Mode . . .
17.3.8 PWM Waveform Generation . .
17.3.8.1 8 to 11-Bit PWM Modes . . .
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Table of Contents
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279
17.3.8.2 16-Bit PWM Mode. .
17.3.9 Watchdog Timer Mode .
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17.4 PCA0 Control Registers . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.4.1 PCA0CN0: PCA Control 0. . . . . . . . . . .
17.4.2 PCA0MD: PCA Mode . . . . . . . . . . . .
17.4.3 PCA0PWM: PCA PWM Configuration . . . . . . .
17.4.4 PCA0L: PCA Counter/Timer Low Byte . . . . . .
17.4.5 PCA0H: PCA Counter/Timer High Byte . . . . . .
17.4.6 PCA0CPM0: PCA Channel 0 Capture/Compare Mode .
17.4.7 PCA0CPL0: PCA Channel 0 Capture Module Low Byte .
17.4.8 PCA0CPH0: PCA Channel 0 Capture Module High Byte
17.4.9 PCA0CPM1: PCA Channel 1 Capture/Compare Mode .
17.4.10 PCA0CPL1: PCA Channel 1 Capture Module Low Byte
17.4.11 PCA0CPH1: PCA Channel 1 Capture Module High Byte
17.4.12 PCA0CPM2: PCA Channel 2 Capture/Compare Mode.
17.4.13 PCA0CPL2: PCA Channel 2 Capture Module Low Byte
17.4.14 PCA0CPH2: PCA Channel 2 Capture Module High Byte
17.4.15 PCA0CPM3: PCA Channel 3 Capture/Compare Mode.
17.4.16 PCA0CPL3: PCA Channel 3 Capture Module Low Byte
17.4.17 PCA0CPH3: PCA Channel 3 Capture Module High Byte
17.4.18 PCA0CPM4: PCA Channel 4 Capture/Compare Mode.
17.4.19 PCA0CPL4: PCA Channel 4 Capture Module Low Byte
17.4.20 PCA0CPH4: PCA Channel 4 Capture Module High Byte
17.4.21 PCA0CPM5: PCA Channel 5 Capture/Compare Mode.
17.4.22 PCA0CPL5: PCA Channel 5 Capture Module Low Byte
17.4.23 PCA0CPH5: PCA Channel 5 Capture Module High Byte
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18. External Memory Interface (EMIF0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
18.1 Introduction .
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. 193
18.2 Features .
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. 193
18.3 Functional Description . . . . . .
18.3.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . .
18.3.2 Port I/O Configuration . . . . . .
18.3.2.1 EMIF Pin Mapping . . . . . .
18.3.3 Multiplexed External Memory Interface
18.3.4 Operating Modes. . . . . . . .
18.3.5 Timing . . . . . . . . . . .
18.3.5.1 Multiplexed Mode . . . . . . .
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194
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196
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199
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18.4 EMIF0 Control Registers . . . . . . . .
18.4.1 EMI0CN: External Memory Interface Control
18.4.2 EMI0CF: External Memory Configuration. .
18.4.3 EMI0TC: External Memory Timing Control .
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203
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204
205
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19. Serial Peripheral Interfaces (SPI0 and SPI1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
19.1 Introduction .
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. 207
19.2 Features .
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. 207
19.3 Functional Description
19.3.1 Signals . . . . .
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. 208
. 208
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Table of Contents
280
19.3.2
19.3.3
19.3.4
19.3.5
19.3.6
Master Mode Operation
Slave Mode Operation .
Clock Phase and Polarity
Basic Data Transfer . .
SPI Timing Diagrams .
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209
209
210
211
212
19.4 SPI0 Control Registers . . .
19.4.1 SPI0CFG: SPI0 Configuration
19.4.2 SPI0CN0: SPI0 Control . .
19.4.3 SPI0CKR: SPI0 Clock Rate .
19.4.4 SPI0DAT: SPI0 Data . . .
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215
215
217
218
218
19.5 SPI1 Control Registers . . .
19.5.1 SPI1CFG: SPI1 Configuration
19.5.2 SPI1CN0: SPI1 Control . .
19.5.3 SPI1CKR: SPI1 Clock Rate .
19.5.4 SPI1DAT: SPI1 Data . . .
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219
219
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222
20. System Management Bus / I2C (SMB0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
20.1 Introduction .
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. 223
20.2 Features .
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. 223
20.3 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . .
20.3.1 Supporting Documents . . . . . . . . . . .
20.3.2 SMBus Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20.3.3 Configuring the SMBus Module . . . . . . . .
20.3.4 Hardware ACK Multimaster and Multislave Behavior .
20.3.5 Operational Modes . . . . . . . . . . . .
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223
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224
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231
232
20.4 SMB0 Control Registers . . . . . . .
20.4.1 SMB0CF: SMBus 0 Configuration . . .
20.4.2 SMB0CN0: SMBus 0 Control. . . . .
20.4.3 SMB0ADR: SMBus 0 Slave Address . .
20.4.4 SMB0ADM: SMBus 0 Slave Address Mask
20.4.5 SMB0DAT: SMBus 0 Data . . . . .
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240
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21. Timers (Timer0, Timer1, Timer2, and Timer3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
21.1 Introduction .
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. 244
21.2 Features .
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. 244
21.3 Functional Description . . . . . . . .
21.3.1 System Connections . . . . . . . .
21.3.2 Timer 0 and Timer 1. . . . . . . . .
21.3.2.1 Operational Modes . . . . . . . .
21.3.3 Timer 2 and Timer 3. . . . . . . . .
21.3.3.1 16-bit Timer with Auto-Reload . . . . .
21.3.3.2 8-bit Timers with Auto-Reload (Split Mode)
21.3.3.3 Capture Mode . . . . . . . . . .
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245
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253
21.4 Timer 0, 1, 2 and 3, Control Registers
21.4.1 CKCON0: Clock Control 0. . . .
21.4.2 TCON: Timer 0/1 Control . . . .
21.4.3 TMOD: Timer 0/1 Mode . . . .
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Table of Contents
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21.4.4 TL0: Timer 0 Low Byte . . . . . .
21.4.5 TL1: Timer 1 Low Byte . . . . . .
21.4.6 TH0: Timer 0 High Byte . . . . .
21.4.7 TH1: Timer 1 High Byte . . . . .
21.4.8 TMR2CN0: Timer 2 Control 0 . . .
21.4.9 TMR2RLL: Timer 2 Reload Low Byte .
21.4.10 TMR2RLH: Timer 2 Reload High Byte
21.4.11 TMR2L: Timer 2 Low Byte . . . .
21.4.12 TMR2H: Timer 2 High Byte . . . .
21.4.13 TMR3CN0: Timer 3 Control 0 . . .
21.4.14 TMR3RLL: Timer 3 Reload Low Byte
21.4.15 TMR3RLH: Timer 3 Reload High Byte
21.4.16 TMR3L: Timer 3 Low Byte . . . .
21.4.17 TMR3H: Timer 3 High Byte . . . .
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258
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265
22. Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter 0 (UART0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
22.1 Introduction .
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. 266
22.2 Features .
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. 266
22.3 Functional Description . . . .
22.3.1 Baud Rate Generation . . . .
22.3.2 Data Format . . . . . . .
22.3.3 Data Transfer . . . . . . .
22.3.4 Multiprocessor Communications
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22.4 UART0 Control Registers . . . . . .
22.4.1 SCON0: UART0 Serial Port Control . .
22.4.2 SBUF0: UART0 Serial Port Data Buffer .
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. 270
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23. C2 Debug and Programming Interface
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268
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
23.1 Introduction .
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. 271
23.2 Features .
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. 271
23.3 Pin Sharing .
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23.4 C2 Interface Registers . . . . . . .
23.4.1 C2ADD: C2 Address . . . . . . .
23.4.2 C2DEVID: C2 Device ID . . . . . .
23.4.3 C2REVID: C2 Revision ID. . . . . .
23.4.4 C2FPCTL: C2 Flash Programming Control
23.4.5 C2FPDAT: C2 Flash Programming Data .
272
272
272
272
273
273
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Table of Contents
282
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Disclaimer
Silicon Laboratories intends to provide customers with the latest, accurate, and in-depth documentation of all peripherals and modules available for system and software implementers
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