US168 / US169 Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver Features and Benefits Soft Switching for low noise Low supply voltage Full Bridge driver High sensitivity integrated Hall sensor Low power consumption Reverse voltage protection Locked rotor protection and auto-restart Thermal protection and auto-restart Tachometer output signal (US168) or Alarm output signal (US169) Applications Examples 3.3V / 5V Low Noise BLDC Cooling Fans Low Voltage / Low Power BLDC Motors Notebook DC Fans Automotive Low Noise Climate Control Fans Micro-Motors Ordering Information Part No. US168 US169 Temperature Code E (-40°C to 85°C) E (-40°C to 85°C) 1 Functional Diagram Package Code LD (UTQFN-6LD) LD (UTQFN-6LD) 2 General Description The US168/169 is a one-chip solution for driving single-coil brushless DC fans and motors. The use of Melexis Soft Switching concept lowers the acoustic and electrical motor noise and provides smoother operation. The device includes reverse voltage protection, locked rotor protection and thermal protection. Therefore, the IC robustness perfectly suits for consumer and automotive-on-board applications. Tachometer (FG) or Alarm (RD) open-drain output is available. It makes easier the connectivity with external interface such as hardware monitoring or Super I/O IC. The device is delivered in an ultra thin UTQFN package. Its 0.4mm thickness allows thin and competitive small motor design such as vibration motor or ultra thin cooling fan. This 6-pin leadless package is RoHS compliant. 390109027903 Rev 001 Page 1 of 13 Data Sheet Nov/07 US168 / US169 Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver Table of Contents 1 Functional Diagram ....................................................................................................................1 2 General Description....................................................................................................................1 3 Glossary of Terms ......................................................................................................................3 4 Absolute Maximum Ratings .......................................................................................................3 5 Pin Definitions and Descriptions ...............................................................................................3 6 General Electrical Specifications...............................................................................................4 7 Magnetic Specifications .............................................................................................................4 8 Outputs Behaviour vs. Magnetic Pole .......................................................................................4 9 Detailed General Description .....................................................................................................5 10 Unique Features........................................................................................................................6 11 Performance Graphs.................................................................................................................7 11.1 RON vs. TA ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 11.2 RON vs. VDD .............................................................................................................................................................. 7 11.3 Magnetic Parameters vs. TA .................................................................................................................................... 7 11.4 Magnetic Parameters vs. VDD .................................................................................................................................. 7 11.5 Slope duration vs. TA ............................................................................................................................................... 7 11.6 Slope duration vs. VDD ............................................................................................................................................. 7 11.7 IDD vs. VDD ................................................................................................................................................................ 8 11.8 VOL vs. TA ................................................................................................................................................................. 8 11.9 Power dissipation graph .......................................................................................................................................... 8 11.10 Recommended maximum continuous output current vs. VDD ................................................................................ 8 12 Test Circuits ..............................................................................................................................9 12.1 Supply Current......................................................................................................................................................... 9 12.2 Full Bridge ON Resistance ...................................................................................................................................... 9 12.3 Output Switching Slope Duration ............................................................................................................................. 9 12.4 Soft Switching Threshold Voltage ............................................................................................................................ 9 12.5 FG/RD Output Low Voltage ..................................................................................................................................... 9 12.6 FG/RD Output Current Limit .................................................................................................................................... 9 12.7 FG/RD Output Leakage Current .............................................................................................................................. 9 12.8 Thermal Protection .................................................................................................................................................. 9 13 Application Information..........................................................................................................10 14 Application Comments ...........................................................................................................10 15 Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis products with different soldering processes ....................................................................................................................11 16 ESD Precautions .....................................................................................................................11 17 Package Information...............................................................................................................12 18 Disclaimer................................................................................................................................13 390109027903 Rev 001 Page 2 of 13 Data Sheet Nov/07 US168 / US169 Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver 3 Glossary of Terms Gauss, milliTesla (mT), Single-coil motor Full-Bridge (H-Bridge) Peak output current Continuous output current Locked rotor FG RD Units of magnetic flux density : 10 Gauss = 1mT DC motor with only one coil driven by a Full-Bridge. Two push-pull output drivers that can source or sink current. The current flowing in the coil at start-up, only limited by the coil resistance RCOIL and the output driver resistance RDSON. Average absolute value of the output current when the fan is spinning The state when the fan is not spinning due to mechanical blockage. Frequency Generator Rotation Detection 4 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Supply Voltage Voltage on FG pin Peak Output Current Multi-layer (1S2P) PCB Single-layer (1S0P) PCB Continuous Output Current Operating Temperature Range Junction Temperature Storage Temperature Range Magnetic Flux Density ESD Sensitivity (Global) (2) ESD Sensitivity on all pins except FG/RD (2) Table 1: Absolute maximum ratings Symbol VDD VFG (VRD) IOUTp IOUTc IOUTc TA TJ TS B - Value -7 to 7 -6 to 7 500 350 300 -40 to 85 125 -65 to 150 Unlimited 1500 5000 Units V V mA mA mA °C °C °C mT V V Note 1: Value of continuous output current using recommended land pattern – Exposed pad connected to PCB substrate with solder Note 2: Human Body Model according JESD22-A114 standard – 100pF capacitor discharged through 1.5kΩ resistor into each pin. Exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute-maximumrated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 5 Pin Definitions and Descriptions Pin Number Pin Name 1 VDD 2 OUT1 3 GND 4 GND 5 OUT2 6 FG (RD) Table 2: Pin description US168 Function Power Supply pin Coil Driver 1 Ground pin Ground pin Coil Driver 2 Tachometer (Alarm) open drain output Note : Exposed Pad connected to ground 390109027903 Rev 001 Page 3 of 13 Data Sheet Nov/07 US168 / US169 Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver 6 General Electrical Specifications o Operating Parameters at TA = 25 C, VDD = 3V / 5V (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Supply Voltage Supply Current Symbol Test Conditions VDD Operating IDD No load on OUT1/OUT2 VDD = 5V, TA = 25°C Output ON Resistance (Full Bridge) RON VDD = 5V,TA = 85°C VDD = 3V, TA = 25°C Output ON Resistance (Full Bridge) RON VDD = 3V, TA = 85°C FG / RD Output Low Voltage VOL IOL = 4mA FG / RD Output Leakage Current ILEAK Refer to 12.7 FG / RD Output Current Limit IFGLIM Refer to 12.6 Soft Switching Threshold Voltage VDDsw Output Switching Slope Duration TSW VDD = 5V (note 2) Output Switching Slope Duration TSW VDD = 3V (note 2) Locked Rotor ON Time TON Locked Rotor OFF Time TOFF Thermal Protection Shutdown TSD Note 3 Thermal Protection Release TREL Note 3 Sensing Propagation Delay TSENSE Note 4 Output Voltages Cross Point Delay TCROSS VDD = 5V, Note 5 Multi-layer JEDEC test board Package Thermal Resistance RTH 1-layer JEDEC test board Table 3: Electrical specifications Min 1.8 Typ 5 1.3 2.2 2.7 2.7 3.3 0.35 16 1.8 150 230 0.4 2.4 160 130 37 118 78 250 Max 6.5 2.5 3.8 4.7 4.7 5.9 0.5 10 2.5 Units V mA Ω Ω Ω Ω V µA mA V µs µs s s °C °C µs µs °C/Watt Note 3: Guarantied by design Note 4: The sensing propagation delay represents the delay from the magnetic field change (B>BOP or B<BRP) to the beginning of the output change. Note 5: Total delay from the magnetic field change (B>BOP or B<BRP) to the crossing point of the output voltages (when VOUT1 = VOUT2) . This delay can be used in the calculation to determine the optimum Hall sensor position for a given rotation speed. It is the sum of the IC delay as: TCROSS = TSENSE + 54% TSLOPE 7 Magnetic Specifications o DC Operating Parameters at TA = 25 C, VDD = 3V / 5V (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Operate point Release point Hysteresis Symbol BOP BRP BHYST Test Conditions Min 0 -5 2 Typ 3 -3 6 Max 5 0 10 Units mT mT mT Table 4: Magnetic specifications 8 Outputs Behaviour vs. Magnetic Pole Parameter South pole North pole Test conditions B > BOP B < BRP OUT1 Low High OUT2 High Low FG High Low Table 5: Outputs behaviour vs. magnetic pole Note : The magnetic pole is applied facing the branded side of the package. 390109027903 Rev 001 Page 4 of 13 Data Sheet Nov/07 US168 / US169 Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver 9 Detailed General Description The US168/169 is an efficient one-chip solution for driving Brushless DC fans and motors. The IC includes Hall-effect sensor, chopping amplifier for offset cancellation, digital control circuitry and full bridge output driver. The US168 has an open-drain tachometer FG output that follows the Hall signal. In the US169, the open-drain alarm output RD is active low during normal spinning of the motor. It goes high when the magnetic flux switching frequency drops below nearly 1Hz (30RPM for 2 pole-pair fan). Reverse voltage protection is integrated on the VDD pin. The FG/RD open drain output has an internal current limit. It can be activated if a low-ohmic pull-up resistor is used or if the FG/RD output is short connected to a supply voltage. The built-in locked rotor protection automatically shuts off the coil current when the rotor is mechanically blocked for more than 0.4 second. The fan tries to restart every 2.8 seconds until the rotor is released. This on/off cycling reduces the average current by factor of 7. It is enough to prevent fans from overheating or damage. In case the junction temperature TJ exceeds TSD, the thermal protection stops the current flowing through the full bridge by setting the outputs OUT1 and OUT2 low and setting the output FG (RD) high. The IC stays in this state until the junction temperature decreases below TREL. 390109027903 Rev 001 Page 5 of 13 Data Sheet Nov/07 US168 / US169 Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver 10 Unique Features The US168 provides an efficient solution for low noise applications. The Soft Switching concept reduces the acoustic and electrical motor noise with a smooth transition of the coil current when VDD is greater than VDDsw,. Soft Switching coil current compared to hard switching The smooth current switching is realized by a precise control of the H-Bridge output voltages, as shown on the figures below: (A) VOUT1 > VOUT2 - the coil current flows from OUT1 to OUT2. (B) VOUT1 decreases while VOUT2 increases, thus reducing smoothly the coil current. At a certain moment, the coil current equals zero. VOUT1 further decreases while VOUT2 increases, so the coil current starts flowing in the opposite direction. (C) VOUT1 < VOUT2 – the coil current flows from OUT2 to OUT1. Soft Switching Output Voltages (A) (B) (C) This technique used in a Full Bridge allows producing efficient motor with very low audible noise. Moreover, Soft Switching approach versus traditional hard switching helps reducing the Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) generated by the coil. 390109027903 Rev 001 Page 6 of 13 Data Sheet Nov/07 US168 / US169 Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver 11 Performance Graphs 11.1 RON vs. TA 11.2 RON vs. VDD 6 7 VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3V 5 Ta = -40°C 6 VDD = 5V Ta = 25°C Ta = 85°C 5 Ta = 125°C Ron (ohms) Ron (ohms) 4 3 4 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 1 2 3 Ta (°C) 5 6 7 11.4 Magnetic Parameters vs. VDD 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 Magnetic field (mT) Magnetic field (mT) 11.3 Magnetic Parameters vs. TA 1 0 4 VDD (Volts) Bop, VDD=1.8V Bop, VDD=5V Brp, VDD=1.8V Brp, VDD=5V -1 1 0 Bop, Ta=85°C Brp, Ta=25°C Brp, Ta=85°C -1 -2 -2 -3 -3 -4 -4 -5 Bop, Ta=25°C -5 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 1 2 3 Ta (°C) 4 5 6 7 VDD (Volts) 11.5 Slope duration vs. TA 11.6 Slope duration vs. VDD 700 300 600 250 Output Slope (us) Output Slope (us) 500 200 150 100 Ta = 25°C Ta = 85°C 400 300 200 VDD = 3V VDD = 5V 50 100 0 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 390109027903 Rev 001 1 2 3 4 5 6 VDD (Volts) Ta (°C) Page 7 of 13 Data Sheet Nov/07 7 US168 / US169 Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver 11.7 IDD vs. VDD 11.8 VOL vs. TA 0.5 FG/RD Output Saturation Voltage (Volts) 1.5 IDD (mA) 1 Ta = -40°C 0.5 Ta = 25°C Ta = 85°C Ta = 125°C 0.4 0.3 VDD=3V ; Iol=4mA VDD=5V ; Iol=4mA 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -40 -20 0 20 40 VDD (Volts) 11.9 Power dissipation graph Mutli Layer PCB Pmax = 1.28W TA = 25°C 100 120 400 350 1.2 Continuous Output Current (mA) Allowable Power Dissipation (W) 80 11.10 Recommended maximum continuous output current vs. VDD 1.6 1.4 60 Ta (°C) RTH 1S2P = 78°C/W 1 0.8 TA max = 85°C 0.6 Single Layer PCB Pmax = 400mW RTH 1S = 250°C/W 0.4 0.2 Single Layer PCB, Ta=25°C 3V, 300mA 300 250 200 150 100 1.8V, 80mA TJ max = 125°C 50 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Ta (°C) 0 0 The thermal resistance and rated power dissipation are defined in accordance with EIA/JESD51-3 standard for single layer 1S test board and EIAJESD51-7 standard for multi layer 1S2P test board. 390109027903 Rev 001 Page 8 of 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 VDD (Volts) Data Sheet Nov/07 7 US168 / US169 Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver 12 Test Circuits General test principles illustrated in the figures below DUT = Device Under Test 12.1 Supply Current 12.2 Full Bridge ON Resistance 12.3 Output Switching Slope Duration 12.4 Soft Switching Threshold Voltage 12.5 FG/RD Output Low Voltage 12.6 FG/RD Output Current Limit 12.7 FG/RD Output Leakage Current 12.8 Thermal Protection A ILEAK FG/RD OUT1 VDD DUT VDD OUT2 GND Note 1 - ILEAK is measured when the FG/RD driver is OFF 390109027903 Rev 001 Page 9 of 13 Data Sheet Nov/07 US168 / US169 Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver 13 Application Information Typical 3.3V / 5V fan application 14 Application Comments The device is designed to work without external components. Application using FG output signal requires a pull-up resistor. The pull-up voltage can be either connected to the supply voltage VDD or to a separate supply voltage VPU. A 100nF decoupling capacitor may be added between VDD and ground to increase stability or protect against external noise and power surge. The Soft Switching provides the best results when the fan PCB is optimized as well. The location of the Hall sensor with respect to the fan stator slots is important to make an efficient motor with high torque, low power consumption and low noise. Therefore, it is recommended to adapt the fan PCB when using soft switching instead of replacing existing hard switching solution without any PCB redesign. Hall sensor magnetic field TINPUT The different IC delays given in the electrical table are illustrated on the left figure. Bop In order to determine the optimum Hall sensor position for a given rotation speed, it is recommended to use the parameters TCROSS and the delays related to the motor itself. TSENSE “Control Logic” block output Output Voltages VOUT1 Cross point TCROSS is the sum of the sensing propagation delay TSENSE and 54% of the output slope duration TSLOPE. VOUT2 54% TSLOPE TCROSS = TSENSE + 54% TSLOPE 390109027903 Rev 001 Page 10 of 13 The delays from the motor are TINPUT (delay from zero to magnetic threshold depending on rotor maximum magnetic field) and the motor coil time constant. Data Sheet Nov/07 US168 / US169 Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver 15 Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis products with different soldering processes Our products are classified and qualified regarding soldering technology, solderability and moisture sensitivity level according to following test methods: Reflow Soldering SMD’s (Surface Mount Devices) • • IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity Classification for Nonhermetic Solid State Surface Mount Devices (classification reflow profiles according to table 5-2) EIA/JEDEC JESD22-A113 Preconditioning of Nonhermetic Surface Mount Devices Prior to Reliability Testing (reflow profiles according to table 2) Wave Soldering SMD’s (Surface Mount Devices) and THD’s (Through Hole Devices) • • EN60749-20 Resistance of plastic- encapsulated SMD’s to combined effect of moisture and soldering heat EIA/JEDEC JESD22-B106 and EN60749-15 Resistance to soldering temperature for through-hole mounted devices Iron Soldering THD’s (Through Hole Devices) • EN60749-15 Resistance to soldering temperature for through-hole mounted devices Solderability SMD’s (Surface Mount Devices) and THD’s (Through Hole Devices) • EIA/JEDEC JESD22-B102 and EN60749-21 Solderability For all soldering technologies deviating from above mentioned standard conditions (regarding peak temperature, temperature gradient, temperature profile etc) additional classification and qualification tests have to be agreed upon with Melexis. The application of Wave Soldering for SMD’s is allowed only after consulting Melexis regarding assurance of adhesive strength between device and board. Melexis is contributing to global environmental conservation by promoting lead free solutions. For more information on qualifications of RoHS compliant products (RoHS = European directive on the Restriction Of the use of certain Hazardous Substances) please visit the quality page on our website: http://www.melexis.com/quality.aspx 16 ESD Precautions Electronic semiconductor products are sensitive to Electro Static Discharge (ESD). Always observe Electro Static Discharge control procedures whenever handling semiconductor products. 390109027903 Rev 001 Page 11 of 13 Data Sheet Nov/07 US168 / US169 Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver 17 Package Information 390109027903 Rev 001 Page 12 of 13 Data Sheet Nov/07 US168 / US169 Low Noise & Low voltage Single-Coil Fan/Motor Driver 18 Disclaimer Devices sold by Melexis are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Term of Sale. Melexis makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Melexis reserves the right to change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with Melexis for current information. This product is intended for use in normal commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature range, unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical life-support or life-sustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by Melexis for each application. The information furnished by Melexis is believed to be correct and accurate. However, Melexis shall not be liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interrupt of business or indirect, special incidental or consequential damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of the technical data herein. No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of Melexis’ rendering of technical or other services. © 2002 Melexis NV. All rights reserved. For the latest version of this document, go to our website at www.melexis.com Or for additional information contact Melexis Direct: Europe and Japan: All other locations: Phone: +32 1367 0495 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +1 603 223 2362 E-mail: [email protected] ISO/TS 16949 and ISO14001 Certified 390109027903 Rev 001 Page 13 of 13 Data Sheet Nov/07