FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
Table of contents
1
FAQ ................................................................................................................................... 2
2
I’m looking for…............................................................................................................... 8
3
Tips ’n Tricks for driving a DC motor........................................................................... 12
3.1
Introduction.........................................................................................................................12
3.2
Basic circuits ......................................................................................................................13
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.5
3.5.1
3.5.2
3.6
3.6.1
3.6.2
3.6.3
4
Single high side/low side drive.........................................................................................................13
H-bridge driving................................................................................................................................14
Basic drive software using PWM ........................................................................................15
Functions description .......................................................................................................................15
Example c-code ...............................................................................................................................16
Speed sensing....................................................................................................................17
Functions description .......................................................................................................................17
Example c-code ...............................................................................................................................19
PWM synchronised sensing of the motor current................................................................21
Functions description .......................................................................................................................21
Example c-code ...............................................................................................................................22
Reading in switches............................................................................................................28
Single switches polling.....................................................................................................................29
Global Data / Interfaces ...................................................................................................................30
Example c-code for 2 low side single switches connected to SW0 and SW1 .................................31
Disclaimer....................................................................................................................... 34
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
1 FAQ
Q
When I want to connect the emulator to the chip using the Evaluation-board I receive the message
“Error : Chip is not plugged. Check connection and try again”. What to do?
A
Check that the Mini DIN9 cable is plugged in properly.
Check that Power supply is on.
When using E-mlx programmer do following steps:
Start the programmer software ‘...\Programmer\EMlxMMProg.exe’
Select File\OpenConfig\MLX16… to open the Mlx81100 mmf file installed by Mlx81100Conf_x_x_x.msi
Select ‘Tools\Options\Programming’ tick checkbox ‘Keep Supply between patterns’
Select tab ‘Programmer’, choose from pull-down menu ‘Mini E-mlx’ on ‘Autodetect’
Push the ‘Diagnose’ button -> you should receive the message >>> Info : Hardware sucessfully
checked!
Select tab ‘Pattern’ and go to pattern ‘POWER_ON’
Push the ‘Execute’ button -> in addition to D2 “VBAT ok” D13 “E-MLX running” should light up
Q
How do I enable PWM synchronized shunt ADC measurement?
A
Prerequisites:
Enable PWMx_ECI interrupt -> PWM(x)_CMPI_ENABLE(p) .
Set register PWMx_CMP[7:0] to your desired value.
Set bit CFG_PWM[3] = 1 to connect IPWM signal to analog companion.
For ADC measurement of driver state signals it is possible to synchronize ADC measurement to PWM
signals. By using the IPWM signal coming from MelexCM the ADC conversion will be started. This
strobe signal IPWM must be enabled via register bit “IPWMEN”, otherwise it will be ignored. Also bit
“SOC” must be set to “1” in order to do this cyclic measurement. SW must take care that IPWM time
frame is much bigger than sampling time plus conversion time plus reading result time, otherwise the
measurement results can not be true. Using “IPWMEN” signal for synchronization makes only sense if a
channel with PWM dependency is selected.
Q
How to use the EEPROM?
A
See NVRAM_TechNote.pdf for detailed description.
Main features:
124bytes reserved for user
emulated EEPROM in flash
EEPROM is automatically stored at power-down in flash and restored at POR
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
Q
I run out of EEPROM memory, how do I extend the EEPROM?
A
Declare an additional buffer in RAM:
extern int myarray[128/2] __attribute__((nodp, addr(0xe780)));
Take care of stack and heap.
*************************************************************************************************************
At Brown out interrupt first save the “normal” EEPROM buffer to Flash:
example c-code for ISR
/*start of ISR*/
PSUP_0();
//set highest priority
ENTER_SYSTEM_MODE();
/* disable all power consumers */
SaveNvRam();
Next start to copy from myarray into “normal” EEPROM buffer
r = (uint16*)&0xE780;
for(w = (uint16*)&0xFC00; w < (uint16*)&0xFC80;)
{
*w++ = *r++;
}
Next save contents of myarray into flash using following function
flash_page_program(FLASH_ADD);
where FLASH_ADD is the address in flash where contents of myarray is stored, FLASH_ADD is a
multiple of 128bytes. See also..\melexcm_platform_release1_5_2\projects\Examples\FLASH_EX1 for
your reference.
/*end of ISR*/
*************************************************************************************************************
At POR the “normal” EEPROM contents is restored automatically. The user has to take care of restoring
the contents of myarray, e.g.:
x = (uint16*)&FLASH_ADD;
for(y = (uint16*)&0xE780; y < (uint16*)&0xE800;)
{
*y++ = *x++;
}
NOTE:
User must take care of not exceeding the maximum write cycles of flash( see spec 82001_cust.pdf,
chapter 3.2. Flash and NVRAM).
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
Q
A
How do I use Brown out interrupt for EEPROM save?
Q
How do I apply the PWM to the FET drivers?
A
Example with c-code:
Please refer to following AN AppNote_MLX82001_EEPROM_UserManual.pdf
Init the PWM block
PWMA_PLL_CLOCK();
PWMA_INIT(M, N, PER, PLT, PHT, PCMP, ECI, EPI, MODE, SET);
Next call function
connectPWM_A(int target);
from example motor_control.c with target=[LS1,LS2,HS1,HS2].
Q
How do I enable hardware interlock delay?
A
Clear bit SINGLE in registers LSxFET and HSxFET, the corresponding driver pair HS1/LS1 (HS2/LS2)
is used in push/pull mode (necessary when applying inverted PWM to the high side FET).
Select bits FILT[1:0] according to your needed duration of interlock delay, Configure a mask time for
edges after switching, to ignore comparator’s output for the selected time. Each output (HS1; HS2; LS1;
LS2) has its own mask time selection in single mode.
Q
How do I include the LIN loader in my application?
A
Please refer to following documents:
1 software application note “LIN_Loader_Application_Example.pdf
LIN_Loader_Application_Example.pdf“
LIN_Loader_Application_Example.pdf
->how to include commands and functions, c-sources
2 application note user manual “LIN_Loader_U
LIN_Loader_UserManual.pdf
LIN_Loader_UserManual.pdf“
serManual.pdf
-> how to use the PC tools
3 application note user manual “MelexCMSWPlatform_UserManual.pdf
MelexCMSWPlatform_UserManual.pdf“
MelexCMSWPlatform_UserManual.pdf
->how to include the loader libraries during compilation, compile switches
4 application note user manual “AppNote_M81100_MLX81200_Reflashing_
AppNote_M81100_MLX81200_Reflashing_on_module_1_0.pdf
AppNote_M81100_MLX81200_Reflashing_on_module_1_0.pdf“
on_module_1_0.pdf
->prerequisites, hardware issues, overall description
Q
A
I want to know the reason of wake-up, POR, LIN or Watch dog. Where is stored?
The wake up source is stored in register 0xFA0E “LIN&WU CONF”.
NOTE: The bit LINWU must be read before starting the MLX4. Starting the MLX4 CPU MLX4_START()
will clear LINWU. The Mlx4 is started in function power_on().
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
Q
Do I need to write my own LIN API?
A
No, Melexis delivers a LIN API running on the MLX16 and MLX4 including documentation, validation
test reports and examples. Melexis also delivers the LIN firmware running on the MLX4.
Q
How do I set a variable at a fixed address in dp RAM?
A
Use following construction
extern unsigned char myvar __attribute__((dp, addr(0xa)));
Q
How to enter Sleep mode from application?
A
Sample c-code
void GotoSleep(void);
void GotoSleep()
{
/*int SW_CFG_Pin( volatile int SW, int PU,int PD, int OD)*/
SW_CFG_Pin ( 7,1,0,0 ); /*SW7 Pull-up enabled, using low side switch as wake
up source*/
SWCONF=0x10;
//Pull-down comparator disabled
//Pull-up comparator enabled
/*using Pull-up comp because we need to detect falling edge on SW7*/
//we need not to write lower byte
//lower byte isn't used for Wake-up
PLL_STOP();
//switch off PLL
MLX4_RESET();
MLX16_STOP();
/*STOP is sent to Analog companion that switches off the voltage
regulators*/
do
{
NOP();
}while(1);
//endless loop until Sleep and next POR
}
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
Q
How to calculate the analog watch dog time?
A
See spec MLX81100_Specification.pdf chapter 7.4.8 Watching the API by Analogue Watchdog
(WDOG). The timing definition parameter has been selected to make it simple to compute a reference
between CWD capacitance
value and achieved trigger time:
tWDt_R [ms] = CWD[nF] and
tWD_R [ms] = 0.1*CWD [nF]
Example:
CWD = 10nF -> tWDt_R =10ms and tWD_R = 1ms
A complete watchdog period will be for the example above: 10ms+1ms=11ms
Minimum Load capacitor at Pin CWD
A minimum capacitor is needed for parts of software like Flash programming, when WDOG can not be
acknowledged by CPU. During design-in, a start value of about 10nF is recommended; this value has to
be adapted to needs during application development. Please include temperature dependencies as well
as leakage currents into calculation.
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
Q
How to control the slew rate or wave shaping for output PWM’s to drive the external FET’s?
A
To shape the signals at the gates of the FETs one could adapt the series resistors in the line HSx/LSx
to the gate. Rise/fall time of the signals at the FET gate is determined by Cgate and Rseries.
Use the following calculation:
Rdson: Rdson of the internal pre-drivers, typ. 40Ohm
Rser: series resistor in the line xxOhm
Cgate gate capacitance of the used FET
Trise -> 10%-90%
Rseries = Rdson + Rser
τ = R *C
τ = Rsries * C gate
Trise = 2.2 *τ
Q
I’m using a communication interface different to LIN. What things do I need to take care of?
A
Please refer to following documents:
1 hardware application note “Application_Note_MLX81100_PWM_general_1
Application_Note_MLX81100_PWM_general_1_1.pdf
Application_Note_MLX81100_PWM_general_1_1.pdf“
_1.pdf
2 application note user manual “AppNote_M81100_MLX81200_Reflashing_on_module_1_0.pdf
AppNote_M81100_MLX81200_Reflashing_on_module_1_0.pdf“
AppNote_M81100_MLX81200_Reflashing_on_module_1_0.pdf
The pin LIN must always be routed to the modules connector.
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
2 I’m looking for…
Index
*******************************************************************************************************************************
A
U
B
V
C D E F
W X Y Z
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
*******************************************************************************************************************************
A
ADC ........................................................ MLX81100_Specification.pdf
Analog watchdog .................................... MLX81100_Specification.pdf
Application schematic examples ............ Application_Note_MLX81100_example_circuits.pdf
Up
B
Block diagram MLX81100 ...................... MLX81100_Specification.pdf
Block diagram MLX82001 digital core .... 82001_cust.pdf
Brown out interrupt ................................. MLX81100_Specification.pdf
Up
C
Current consumption .............................. MLX81100_Specification.pdf
Up
D
Digital watchdog ..................................... 82001_cust.pdf
Up
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
E
EEPROM ................................................ NVRAM_TechNote.pdf
AppNote_MLX82001_EEPROM_UserManual.pdf
Electrical characteristics analog IC......... MLX81100_Specification.pdf
Electrical characteristics digital IC .......... 82001_cust.pdf
Up
F
FET output driver (HS1/LS1, HS2/LS2) . MLX81100_Specification.pdf
Up
G
Up
H
High voltage IOs ..................................... MLX81100_Specification.pdf
Up
I
Interrupts description .............................. 82001_cust.pdf
IOs description........................................ 82001_cust.pdf
Up
J
Jump start ............................................... MLX81100_Specification.pdf
Up
K
Up
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
L
LIN API ................................................... MelexCM_LIN_API.pdf
MelexCM_Standard_LIN_API.pdf
LIN Loader .............................................. LIN_Loader_TechNote.pdf
LIN Loader user manual ......................... LIN_Loader_UserManual.pdf
LIN loader software example.................. LIN_Loader_Application_Example.pdf
LIN transceiver........................................ MLX81100_Specification.pdf
Load dump interrupt ............................... MLX81100_Specification.pdf
Up
M
Memories description ............................. 82001_cust.pdf
MLX16 op code....................................... MLX16X8_DataBook.pdf
MLX4 control........................................... 82001_cust.pdf
Up
N
NVRAM................................................... see EEPROM
Up
O
Up
P
Package information ............................... MLX81100_Specification.pdf
Pin description ........................................ MLX81100_Specification.pdf
Power up/down sequence ...................... 82001_cust.pdf
PWM blocks description ......................... 82001_cust.pdf
Up
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
Q
Up
R
Register set analog................................. MLX81100_Specification.pdf
Register set digital .................................. 82001_cust.pdf
Reset ...................................................... MLX81100_Specification.pdf
82001_cust.pdf
Up
S
SPI block description .............................. 82001_cust.pdf
SW pins description ................................ see High voltage IOs
System control bits ................................. 82001_cust.pdf
Up
T
Timer blocks description......................... 82001_cust.pdf
Up
U
UART block description .......................... 82001_cust.pdf
Up
V
Up
W
Wake up by local sources or LIN............ MLX81100_Specification.pdf
Up
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
X
Up
Y
Up
Z
Up
3 Tips ’n Tricks for driving a DC motor
3.1
Introduction
This chapter covers information referring the basic software parts and the basic electronic devices needed to
drive a DC motor.
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
3.2
Single high side/low side drive
MLX81100
3.2.1
Basic circuits
Figure 1:
Basic schematic for single FET driving
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
3.2.2
H-bridge driving
VBAT
100nF
4.7…10uF
VS
VDRV
RTG
CLKO
VDD5V
100nF
HSBC2
100nF
47uF
HS2
100n
V1V8
1uF
BRMID2
VBAT
100n
PS
VCC
HSBC1
IO4
HS1
IO5
BRMID1
VCC
Hall
sensor
100nF
M
VCC
SW0
SW1
SW3
SW4
SW5
SW6
SW7
Temperature
sensor
LS1
LS2
SW2
GND
IO0
IO1
IO2
IO3
VBAT
SHNT_L
CWD
CWD
10
LIN
TI0
TI1
TO
LIN
180p
GND
GND
Figure 2:
Shunt
Reverse
Polarity
Protection
GND
GND
Basic schematic for H bridge driving
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
3.3
Basic drive software using PWM
The following c-code uses Macros coming with the software platform release for MLX81100 available under
Softdist.
3.3.1
Functions description
PWM configuration
Syntax:
F1: void configPWM()
Description:
The function is used to configure PWM block A in PWM master mode.
Following MACROS are called:
PWMA_PLL_CLOCK();
- connects the PLL clock to the PWM block
PWMA_INIT(5,0,0xff,0x00,0x80,0,0,0,0,0);
- enables Timer block A in pulse accu mode
- only rising edges are counted
- edges are sampled with PLL frequency
Bridge configuration
Syntax:
F3: void initBridge()
Description:
The function is used to configure the H bridge and init all FET drivers.
Following MACROS are called:
switchVDRV(on);
- switches on the VDRV supply voltage
switchFET([HS1,HS2,LS1,LS2],off
- all Fet drivers are switched off
Routing PWM signal to FET
Syntax:
F4: void connectPWM_A(LS2)
Description:
The function is used to connect the PWMA signal to FET LS2.
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
Switch FET
Syntax:
F5: void switchFET(LS2)
Description:
The function is used change the output state [int flag] of the FET [int target]
• with target=[LS1,LS2,HS1,HS2] and flag=[on,off].
The desired direction of the motor movement is determined by the parameters target:
Direction forward
100% on
100% off
Inverted PWMA
PWMA
HS1
LS1
HS2
LS2
3.3.2
Direction backward
Inverted PWMA
PWMA
100% on
100% off
Example c-code
Supposing to let the motor move forward see example code below:
PWMA_PLL_CLOCK();
/*PWMA_INIT(M, N, PER, PLT, PHT, PCMP, ECI, EPI, MODE, SET);*/
PWMA_INIT(5,0,0xff,0x00,0x80,0,0,0,0,0);
InitBridge();
connectPWM_A(LS2);
switchFET(HS1,on);
switchFET(LS1,off);
switchFET(HS2,off);
The FET drivers are configured in push-pull mode so that the inverted PWMA is automatically applied to the
HS2 FET driver. The interlock delay can be adapted by writing the bits FILT[1:0] according to your needed
duration of interlock delay.
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
3.4
Speed sensing
Following features apply:
•
•
•
•
One hall output is connected to IO0
Timer A is used to count the hall pulses
Hall pulses are stored in global variable
Amount of hall pulses in a certain time period equals the speed.
3.4.1
Functions description
IO pins configuration
Syntax:
F1: void cfgIOPins ()
Description:
The function is used to configure IO0 to be input for Timer A input channel A.
Timer configuration
Syntax:
F2: void configTimer()
Description:
The function is used to configure Timer block A in Pulse accumulator mode.
Following MACROS are called:
TIMERA_OSC_CLOCK();
- connects the PLL clock to the timer block
TIMER_PULSE_INIT(A, TIMER_DIV_1, TIMER_EDGA_RISE);
- enables Timer block A in pulse accu mode
- only rising edges are counted
- edges are sampled with PLL frequency
TIMERA_INT3_ENABLE(3);
- timer overflow interrupt is enabled
- interrupt priority is set to “3”
Timer interrupt
Syntax:
F3: void __interrupt__ TimerA_INT3 ()
Description:
The interrupt routine of TimerA is called when a Timer overflow occurred. This means 0xFFFF rising hall
pulses were counted.
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
Global Data / Interfaces
Syntax:
D1:volatile uint16 Hall_Count_Rising=0;
Description:
This variable represents the accumulated number of rising hall pulses and has to be set global.
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
3.4.2
Example c-code
#include "alib.h"
#include "board.h"
/****************************************************************************/
/* prototypes of functions
*/
/****************************************************************************/
void cfgIOPins(void);
// configure the IO pins of the MelexCM
void configTimer(void); //config Timer
/****************************************************************************/
/* prototypes of interrupt routines
*/
/****************************************************************************/
void __interrupt__ TimerA_INT3();
volatile uint16 TimAOVRF=0;
volatile uint16 Hall_Count_Rising=0;
//define constants
// To be used for P2M16T port
#define TMRA_A_IO0
0
#define TMRB_A_IO1
( 1 << 4 )
#define TMRC_A_IO2
( 2 << 8 )
//define functions
// Define which IO
// controls the channel
// input 'TMRx_A'
#define TIMER_PULSE_INIT(U, DIV, EDGA)
do
{
TCTRL_##U = 1;
TREGA_##U = 0;
TREGB_##U = 0;
TCTRL_##U = 3|TIMER_MODE_PULSE|(DIV)|(EDGA);
}while(0)
\
\
\
\
\
\
/********************************************************************************/
/* configTimer()
*/
/*
*/
/* Function that sets TimerA in PULSE ACCU mode
*/
/* input:
*/
/* output:
*/
/* result: TimerA is running in PULSE ACCU mode
*/
/********************************************************************************/
void configTimer()
{
TIMERA_OSC_CLOCK();
TIMER_PULSE_INIT(A, TIMER_DIV_1, TIMER_EDGA_RISE);
TIMERA_INT3_ENABLE(3);
}
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MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
/********************************************************************************/
void TimerA_INT3()
{
// TIMER INTERRUPT INT3
//1.disable Int
//2.Inc Hall_Count_Rising
//3.enable Int
TIMERA_INT3_DISABLE();
// 1.Disable Timer interrupts
TimAOVRF++;
// 2.Inc TimAOVRF
TIMERA_INT3_ENABLE(3);
// 3.Enable Timer interrupts
return;
}
/********************************************************************************/
/*the mainloop of the application*/
int main()
{
cfgIOPins();
configTimer();
do
{
Hall_Count_Rising=TCNT_A;
} while (1);
return 1;
}
/********************************************************************************/
/*
*/
/* configure the IO pins of the MelexCM
*/
/*
*/
/********************************************************************************/
void cfgIOPins()
{
// configure the IO pins of the MelexCM as output
IO0_IO1_INIT(IO_FUNC_INPUT, IO_OD_CMOS, IO_Z_35, IO_FUNC_INPUT, IO_OD_CMOS, IO_Z_35);
P2M16T|=TMRA_A_IO0;
}
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
3.5
PWM synchronised sensing of the motor current
3.5.1
Functions description
ADC configuration
Syntax:
F1: void cfgADC ()
Description:
The function is used to configure the ADC for shunt measurement. The pin SW2 is connected to the high
side of the Shunt.
Measuring the offset
Syntax:
F2: void measureOffset ()
Description:
The function is used to measure the offset of the differential op-amp.
ADC reference configuration
Syntax:
F3: void ADC_SelectReferenceVoltage(int VREF)
Description:
The function is used to select the ADC voltage reference.
ADC input channel configuration
Syntax:
F4: void ADC_SetChannel(int Channel)
Description:
The function is used to select the ADC channel.
SWpin configuration
Syntax:
F5: int SW_CFG_Pin(int SW, int PU, int PD, int OD)
Description:
The function is used to configure the SW pins of MLX81100.
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FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
ADC measurement
Syntax:
F6: unsigned int ADC_READ(void)
Description:
The function is used to start one ADC conversion. It returns the ADC value.
3.5.2
Example c-code
#include "board.h"
#include "alib.h"
//include all libs at once
void cfgADC(void);
// configure the ADC
void measureOffset(void);
void ADC_SelectReferenceVoltage(int VREF);
void ADC_SetChannel(int Channel);
unsigned int ADC_READ(void);
extern int SW_CFG_Pin(int SW, int PU, int PD, int OD);
/*************ADC variables*************************/
volatile unsigned int
ADCValue=0;
volatile unsigned int
ADCOffset=0;
/********************* CONSTANTS for ADC registers **********************/
#define PRY6_ANA_CUST7( 3 << 10 )
//Define the priority forANACUSTI(7)
/******************************************************************************/
/********************************************************************************/
/*the mainloop pf the application*/
int main()
{
wdog_hook();
//config the PWM -> PWMA master, PWMB slave, enable PWMA_CMPI, update Threshold simultan
CFG_PWM |= 0x08;// Set bit CFG_PWM[3] = 1 to connect IPWM signal to analog companion.
PWMA_PLL_CLOCK();
PWMA_INIT(5,0,0xff,0x00,0x80,0x70,1,0,0,0);
//Set register PWMx_CMP[7:0] to your desired value
//Enable PWMx_ECI interrupt
PWMA_CMPI_ENABLE(3);
//config the ADC -> ADC is ready for shunt measurement SW2-SHUNTL, VREF=1V, GAIN=1
cfgADC();
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InitBridge();
//measure the offset of ADC channels
measureOffset();
connectPWM_A(LS2);
switchFET(HS1,on);
switchFET(LS1,off);
switchFET(HS2,off);
ADC_CTRL1 |= (1 << SOC);
// S0C=1, starts sample phase of AD conversion
// the mainloop of the firmware
do {
wdog_hook();
} while (1);
return 1;
}
/********************************************************************************/
void __interrupt__ Analog_INT7(void)
{
if (ADCcount>=Buffersize)
{
ADC_CTRL1 &= ~(1 << SOC);
// S0C=0, stop sample phase of AD conversion
// SOC is automatically set when synchronize with IPWM
}
ADCValue=ADC_DAT12_W & 0x03FF;//Read ADC-Value and trim to 10Bit
ADCValue-=ADCOffset;
}
/********************************************************************************/
/* cfgADC()
*/
/*
*/
/* Function that sets ADC for shunt measurement
*/
/* input:
*/
/* output:
*/
/* result: ADC is ready for shunt measurement
*/
/********************************************************************************/
void cfgADC()
{
SetIOBit(COM_PERMCK);// if Bit in premain.S set ->Register is not writable anymore
SPRDH |= PRY6_ANA_CUST7;
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for LIN-Bus Applications
ADC_SelectReferenceVoltage(VRH1);
SW_CFG_Pin(2,0,0,0);
ADC_SetChannel(ADC_Channel15);
ADC_CTRL1 |= (1 << GAINDISO) | (1 << IPWM_EN);
// IPWM_EN=1, synchronize SOC with IPWM starts sample phase of AD conversion
// GAINDISO=1, disable gain, gain=1
}
/********************************************************************************/
/* measureOffset()
*/
/*
*/
/* Function that gets the offset of ADC for shunt measurement
*/
/* input:
*/
/* output:
*/
/* result: ADC is ready for shunt measurement
*/
/********************************************************************************/
void measureOffset()
{
int temp=0;
temp=ADC_CTRL12_W;
//save ADC_CTRL word
ADC_CTRL1 &= ~(1 << IPWM_EN);
/* IPWM_EN=0, don't synchronize SOC with IPWM starts sample
phase of AD conversion*/
ADC_CTRL2 |= (1 << OFFS);
// OFFS=1, measure offset
ADCOffset=ADC_READ();
ADC_CTRL1 |= (1 << IPWM_EN);
/* IPWM_EN=0, don't synchronize SOC with IPWM starts sample
phase of AD conversion*/
ADC_CTRL2 &= ~(1 << OFFS);
// OFFS=1, measure offset
ADC_CTRL12_W=temp;
//restore ADC_CTRL word
}
// ***** ADC_SetChannel*********************************************************
// Description:
//
- Set ADC-Channel
//
// parameters: int channel ->(0..15)
// return:
// *****************************************************************************
void ADC_SetChannel(int Channel)
{
int temp;
temp= ADC_CTRL1 & 0xFFF0;//
switch (Channel)
{
case ADC_Channel0:
//SW0
case ADC_Channel1:
//SW1
case ADC_Channel2:
//SW2
case ADC_Channel3:
//SW3
case ADC_Channel4:
//SW4
case ADC_Channel5:
//SW5
case ADC_Channel6:
//SW6
case ADC_Channel7:
//SW7
case ADC_Channel15:
//SW2
temp|= (Channel << ADCSEL0);
//Set Channel SW-Pins
//Channel15 is connected to SW2
if (Channel==ADC_Channel15) Channel=ADC_Channel2;
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SW_CFG_Pin(Channel, 0, 0, 0);
//clear Opendrain
//clear PullDown
//clear PullUp
break;
case ADC_Channel8:
case ADC_Channel9:
case ADC_Channel10:
case ADC_Channel11:
case ADC_Channel12:
case ADC_Channel13:
case ADC_Channel14:
temp |= (Channel << ADCSEL0);
break;
default: ;
}
ADC_CTRL1=temp;
MSEC_DELAY(1);
}
//MLX81100
//MLX81100
//MLX81100
//VSS
//Temp
//MLX81100
//MLX81100
//Set Channel
//write Selected-Channel to Port
// settling time experimental value!!!
// ***** ADC_Read ************************************************************
// Description:
//- Start ADC-Conversion / wait for result
//// parameters: none
// return: 10Bit ADC-Value
// *****************************************************************************
unsigned int ADC_READ(void)
{
unsigned int ReturnValue=0;
SetIOBit(COM_PERMCK);
// if Bit in premain set ->Register is not writable anymore
ADC_CTRL1 |= (1 << SOC);
// S0C=1, starts sample phase of AD conversion
while ( !( (ADC_CTRL1 & (1<<EOC) )))
{
wdog_hook();
}
//wait for End of Conversion
ReturnValue=ADC_DAT12_W & 0x03FF;
ClrIOBit(COM_PERMCK);
return ReturnValue;
}
//Read ADC-Value and trimm to 10Bit
// if Bit in premain.S set ->Register is not writable anymore
// ***** ADC SelectReferenceVoltage*********************************************
// Description:
//- set Referenz-Voltage for the ADC
//
// parameters: int VREF ->VRH1,VRH2,VRH3
// /****************************************************************************
void ADC_SelectReferenceVoltage(int VREF)
{
unsigned int temp;
temp =ADC_CTRL2;
temp &= ~((1 << VRH1) | (1 << VRH2) | (1 << VRH3)) ;
switch(VREF)
{
case VRH2:
temp |= (1 << (VRH2)) ;
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for LIN-Bus Applications
break;
case VRH3:
temp |= (1 << (VRH3));
break;
case VRH1:
default:
temp |= (1 << (VRH1)) ;
break;
}
ADC_CTRL2 = temp;
}
// ***** SW_CFG_Pin*************************************************************
// Description:
//- select SW0..SW7 pin
//- can set/clear Pullup/Pulldown/Opendrain
// parameters: int SW ,PU ,PD ,OD
// return: 0-success, -1 wrong Port
// edit:-disable all unused Bit
//
// *****************************************************************************
int SW_CFG_Pin( volatile int SW, int PU,int PD, int OD)
{
if ((0<SW) && (SW>8))//if not SW=0..7
{
return -1;
//cancel -wrong Port
}
else
{
//Pullup
if(PU==0)
SWPU = 0x00;
else
SWPU = ( 1 << (SW));
//Pulldown
if(PD==0)
SWPD = 0x00;
else
if (PU==0)
SWPD = ( 1 << (SW));
// Opendrain
if(OD==0)
{
SWOD = 0x00;
}
else
{
SWOD = ( 1 << (SW));
}
}
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//Clear all Pullup
//Set only 1 Pullup
//Clear all Pulldown
// Set Pulldown only
//if Pullup off
//Clear all OpenDrain
//Set only 1 Opendrain
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for LIN-Bus Applications
return 0;
}
//success
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Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
3.6
Reading in switches
Following features apply:
•
•
low side switches are connected to the SW pins of MLX81100
switches are debounced
In the example there are only two single switches polled. The switches have to be checked separately
because there is only one comparator for all SW-switches available. The following figure shows the
hardware connection of the single switch polling.
PAD
SW1
Enable SW1 -> set bit SWPU[1]
SWPU
Rprot
VS
25µs
I1
Vref
COMP
PAD
SW0
2µs
HI_CMP
SWPU
Enable SW0 -> set bit SWPU[0]
Rprot
Figure 3:
WAKEUP
SW principle hardware schematic
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Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
3.6.1
Single switches polling
The following figure shows the control flow of the single switch polling.
Figure 4:
Control Flow - Single Switches
At first pull up current source will be switched on. The switch status variable will be shifted one bit left.
Afterwards, the status of the single switch will be checked. Thereafter, the pull up current source of the
single switch will be switched off. The second single switch can be checked. The single switches SW0 and
SW1 should be used.
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3.6.2
Global Data / Interfaces
Every switch gets one byte for its status. The first nibble is used to get the debouncing status and the second
one shows the current switch status. There are 2 bytes (2 Single Switches) for the switch status necessary.
These are stored global because they could be used by other functions, e.g. for the preparation of the LINFrame data.
Figure 5:
Figure 7: Content of the switch status variable
All possible occupancies of the byte in figure 9 are shown in the following table.
Status
Switched off
Switched off
Switched off
Switched off
Switched off
Switched off
Switched off
Switched off
Switched off
Switched off
Switched off
Switched off
Switched off
Switched off
Switched off
Switched on
Table 1:
Switch status
Debouncing status
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Storage occupancy of the switch-status
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
It’s easier to handle these variables as an array. The size of the array is 2 * 1 byte.
Syntax:
D1: uint8 switchStatus [2];
Description:
This array represents the status of all switches and has to be set global. The storage occupancy of every byte is
shown in table 1. In the following table is depicted the assignment of every byte.
Switch status
Bit 7 Bit 6
Bit 5
switchStatus [1]
Single Switch 2 (SW1)
switchStatus [0]
Single Switch 1 (SW0)
Table 2:
Assignment of switchStatus
Array
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Bit 4
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Debouncing Status
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Rev 1.0 / 03/09/08
FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
3.6.3
Example c-code for 2 low side single switches connected to SW0 and SW1
//-includes-------------------------------------------------------------------#include "board.h" //get io customer ports MLX81100
#include "switches.h"
//function and constants definitions
#include "alib.h"
//define constants
#define SINGLE_SW 2
//number of single switches
//current stabilization delay
#define Delay_10us __asm__ volatile ("djnz x,." : : "x" (12));
//define functions
void pollSwitches(void); //poll switch status
#define SWPU0_set
#define SWPU1_set
#define SWPU2_set
#define SWPU3_set
#define SWPU4_set
#define SWPU5_set
#define SWPU6_set
#define SWPU7_set
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
//-define-global-variables----------------------------------------------------//switch status and debouncing status
uint8 switchStatus[SINGLE_SW];
//-function-pollSwitches()----------------------------------------------------//-low side switches----------------------------------------------------------//poll switches to get their status
void pollSwitches(void)
{
//define local variables
uint8 count_single_sw=0;
//count single switches
uint8 index=0;
//index for switchStatus
//poll single switches
for(count_single_sw=0;count_single_sw<SINGLE_SW;count_single_sw++)
{
switch(count_single_sw)
//enable switch
{
case 0: SWPU |= SWPU0_set;break; //first single switch
case 1: SWPU |= SWPU1_set;break; //second single switch
default:break;
}
Delay_10us(); //wait 10us for current stabilization
wdog_hook();
//shift status var. one bit left
switchStatus[index] <<= 1;
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if((SWCMP & HI_CMP) != HI_CMP)
{
//set first debouncing bit to 1
switchStatus[index] |= 1;
//get status of single switch
//check debouncing status of single switch
if ((switchStatus[index] & 0x0F) == 0x0F)
{
//set single switch status to on
switchStatus[index] |= 0xF0;
}
}
else
{
switchStatus[index] = 0; //reset switch status
}
switch(count_single_sw)
//disable switch
{
case 0: SWPU &= ~SWPU0_set;break; //first single switch
case 1: SWPU &= ~SWPU1_set;break; //second single switch
default:break;
}
index++;
//set new index
}
}
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MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
History record
Rev.
1.0
No.
1
Change
Creation
Date
10/08/08
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
39011810005
Author: FJE
Specification digital core MLX82001
Specification analog companion
MLX81100
AN example schematics
EEPROM TechNote
EEPROM user manual
LIN API description
Standard LIN API description
LIN Loader
LIN Loader user manual
LIN loader software example
MLX82001 machine code description
Page 33/34
82001_cust.pdf
MLX81100_specification.pdf
Application_Note_MLX81100_example_circuits.pdf
NVRAM_TechNote.pdf
AppNote_MLX82001_EEPROM_UserManual.pdf
MelexCM_LIN_API.pdf
MelexCM_Standard_LIN_API.pdf
LIN_Loader_TechNote.pdf
LIN_Loader_UserManual.pdf
LIN_Loader_Application_Example.pdf
MLX16X8_DataBook.pdf
Rev 1.0 / 03/09/08
FAQ
MLX81100
Automotive High Voltage Controller
for LIN-Bus Applications
4 Disclaimer
Devices sold by Melexis are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its
Term of Sale. Melexis makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the
information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Melexis
reserves the right to change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to
designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with Melexis for current information. This product
is intended for use in normal commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature range,
unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical life-support or lifesustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by Melexis for each
application.
The information furnished by Melexis is believed to be correct and accurate. However, Melexis shall not be
liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property
damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interrupt of business or indirect, special incidental or consequential
damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of the technical
data herein. No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of Melexis’ rendering of
technical or other services.
© 2007 Melexis NV. All rights reserved.
For the latest version of this document, go to our website at:
www.melexis.com
Or for additional information contact Melexis Direct:
Europe and Japan:
All other locations:
Phone: +32 1367 0495
E-mail: [email protected]
Phone: +1 603 223 2362
E-mail: [email protected]
ISO/TS 16949 and ISO14001 Certified
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