MLX72013 433MHz FSK/ASK Transmitter Features Frequency range from 425 MHz to 445 MHz Fully integrated PLL-stabilized VCO Single-ended RF output FSK via crystal pulling Wideband FSK deviation possible ASK/OOK via power amplifier modulation Wide power supply range from 1.95 V to 5.5 V Very low standby current Low voltage detector High over-all frequency accuracy FSK deviation and center frequency independently adjustable Data rates from DC to 40 kbps Adjustable output power range from -16 dBm to +12 dBm Adjustable current consumption from 3.5 mA to 15.9 mA Conforms to EN 300 220 and similar standards 8-pin Small Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC) Y R A N I M I L E R P Ordering Information Part No. MLX72013 MLX72013 Temperature Code Package Code Delivery Form C (0 C° to 70 °C) DC (SOIC8) 98 pc/tube 2500pc/T&R K (-40 C° to 125 °C) DC (SOIC8) 98 pc/tube 2500pc/T&R Application Examples RF remote controls Automatic meter reading (AMR) Tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) Remote keyless entry (RKE) Alarm and security systems Garage door openers Home automation Pin Description 8 VEE FSK DTA 1 FSK SW 2 ROI 3 ENTX 4 MLX72013 7 OUT 6 VCC 5 PSEL General Description The MLX72013 transmitter IC is designed for applications in the European 433 MHz industrial-scientificmedical (ISM) band, according to the EN 300 220 telecommunications standard; but it can also be used in any other country with similar frequency bands. The transmitter's carrier frequency fc is determined by the frequency of the reference crystal fref. The integrated PLL synthesizer ensures that each RF value, ranging from 425 MHz to 445 MHz, can be achieved by using a crystal with a reference frequency according to: fref = fc/N, where N = 16 is the PLL feedback divider ratio. 3901072013 Rev. 001 Page 1 of 14 Data Sheet June/08 MLX72013 433MHz FSK/ASK Transmitter Document Content 1 2 Theory of Operation ...................................................................................................3 1.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Block Diagram .................................................................................................................. 3 Functional Description ..............................................................................................4 2.1 Crystal Oscillator .............................................................................................................. 4 2.2 FSK Modulation ................................................................................................................ 4 2.3 Crystal Pulling................................................................................................................... 4 2.4 ASK Modulation ................................................................................................................ 5 2.5 Output Power Selection .................................................................................................... 5 2.6 Lock Detection.................................................................................................................. 5 2.7 Low Voltage Detection...................................................................................................... 5 2.8 Mode Control Logic .......................................................................................................... 6 2.9 Timing Diagrams .............................................................................................................. 6 Y R A N I M I L E R P 3 Pin Definition and Description ..................................................................................7 4 Electrical Characteristics ..........................................................................................8 5 4.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings .............................................................................................. 8 4.2 Normal Operating Conditions ........................................................................................... 8 4.3 Crystal Parameters ........................................................................................................... 8 4.4 DC Characteristics............................................................................................................ 9 4.5 AC Characteristics .......................................................................................................... 10 4.6 Output Power Steps ....................................................................................................... 10 Test Circuit ...............................................................................................................11 5.1 6 Test circuit component list to Fig. 6 ................................................................................ 11 Package Information ................................................................................................12 6.1 Soldering Information ..................................................................................................... 12 7 Reliability Information..............................................................................................13 8 ESD Precautions ......................................................................................................13 9 Disclaimer .................................................................................................................14 3901072013 Rev. 001 Page 2 of 14 Data Sheet June/08 MLX72013 433MHz FSK/ASK Transmitter 1 Theory of Operation 1.1 General As depicted in Fig.1, the MLX72013 transmitter consists of a fully integrated voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a divide-by-16 divider (div16), a phase-frequency detector (PFD) and a charge pump (CP). An internal loop filter determines the dynamic behavior of the PLL and suppresses reference spurious signals. A Colpitts crystal oscillator (XOSC) is used as the reference oscillator of a phase-locked loop (PLL) synthesizer. The VCO’s output signal feeds the power amplifier (PA). The RF signal power Pout can be adjusted in four steps from Pout = –16 dBm to +12 dBm, either by changing the value of resistor RPS or by varying the voltage VPS at pin PSEL. The open-collector output (OUT) can be used either to directly drive a loop antenna or to be matched to a 50Ohm load. Bandgap biasing ensures stable operation of the IC at a power supply range of 1.95 V to 5.5 V. Y R A N I M I L E R P 1.2 Block Diagram RPS VCC PSEL 6 5 PLL ENTX ROI 4 3 m ode control 16 PA 7 OUT ante nna matc hing network PFD XOSC XBUF XTAL CP VC O lo w voltage dete ctor FSKSW 2 CX2 CX1 1 FSKDTA 8 VEE Fig. 1: Block diagram with external components 3901072013 Rev. 001 Page 3 of 14 Data Sheet June/08 MLX72013 433MHz FSK/ASK Transmitter 2 Functional Description 2.1 Crystal Oscillator A Colpitts crystal oscillator with integrated functional capacitors is used as the reference oscillator for the PLL synthesizer. The equivalent input capacitance CRO offered by the crystal oscillator input pin ROI is about 18pF. The crystal oscillator is provided with an amplitude control loop in order to have a very stable frequency over the specified supply voltage and temperature range in combination with a short start-up time. 2.2 FSK Modulation FSK modulation can be achieved by pulling the crystal oscillator frequency. A CMOScompatible data stream applied at the pin FSKDTA digitally modulates the XOSC via an integrated NMOS switch. Two external pulling capacitors CX1 and CX2 allow the FSK deviation Δf and the center frequency fc to be adjusted independently. At FSKDTA = 0, CX2 is connected in parallel to CX1 leading to the lowfrequency component of the FSK spectrum (fmin); while at FSKDTA = 1, CX2 is deactivated and the XOSC is set to its high frequency fmax. An external reference signal can be directly ACcoupled to the reference oscillator input pin ROI. Then the transmitter is used without a crystal. Now the reference signal sets the carrier frequency and may also contain the FSK (or FM) modulation. Fig. 2: Crystal pulling circuitry VCC ROI Y R A N I M I L E R P XTAL FSKSW CX2 CX1 VEE FSKDTA Description 0 fmin= fc - Δf (FSK switch is closed) 1 fmax= fc + Δf (FSK switch is open) 2.3 Crystal Pulling A crystal is tuned by the manufacturer to the required oscillation frequency f0 at a given load capacitance CL and within the specified calibration tolerance. The only way to pull the oscillation frequency is to vary the effective load capacitance CLeff seen by the crystal. Figure 3 shows the oscillation frequency of a crystal as a function of the effective load capacitance. This capacitance changes in accordance with the logic level of FSKDTA around the specified load capacitance. The figure illustrates the relationship between the external pulling capacitors and the frequency deviation. It can also be seen that the pulling sensitivity increases with the reduction of CL. Therefore, applications with a high frequency deviation require a low load capacitance. For narrow band FSK applications, a higher load capacitance could be chosen in order to reduce the frequency drift caused by the tolerances of the chip and the external pulling capacitors. 3901072013 Rev. 001 f XTAL L1 f max C1 C0 CL eff R1 fc f min CX1 CRO CX1+CRO CL (CX1+CX2) CRO CX1+CX2+CRO CL eff Fig. 3: Crystal pulling characteristic Page 4 of 14 Data Sheet June/08 MLX72013 433MHz FSK/ASK Transmitter 2.4 ASK Modulation The MLX72013 can be ASK-modulated by applying data directly at pin PSEL. This turns the PA on and off and therefore leads to an ASK signal at the output. 2.5 Output Power Selection The transmitter is provided with an output power selection feature. There are four predefined output power steps and one off-step accessible via the power selection pin PSEL. A digital power step adjustment was chosen because of its high accuracy and stability. The number of steps and the step sizes as well as the corresponding power levels are selected to cover a wide spectrum of different applications. The implementation of the output power control logic is shown in figure 4. There are two matched current sources with an amount of about 8 µA. One current source is directly applied to the PSEL pin. The other current source is used for the generation of reference voltages with a resistor ladder. These reference voltages are defining the thresholds between the power steps. The four comparators deliver thermometer-coded control signals depending on the voltage level at the pin PSEL. In order to have a certain amount of ripple tolerance in a noisy environment the comparators are provided with a little hysteresis of about 20 mV. With these control signals, weighted current sources of the power amplifier are switched on or off to set the desired output power level (Digitally Controlled Current Source). The LOCK signal and the output of the low voltage detector are gating this current source. RPS Y R A N I M I L E R P PSEL & & & & & OUT Fig. 4: Block diagram of output power control circuitry There are two ways to select the desired output power step. First by applying a DC voltage at the pin PSEL, then this voltage directly selects the desired output power step. This kind of power selection can be used if the transmission power must be changed during operation. For a fixed-power application a resistor can be used which is connected from the PSEL pin to ground. The voltage drop across this resistor selects the desired output power level. For fixed-power applications at the highest power step this resistor can be omitted. The pin PSEL is in a high impedance state during the “TX standby” mode. 2.6 Lock Detection The lock detection circuitry turns on the power amplifier only after PLL lock. This prevents from unwanted emission of the transmitter if the PLL is unlocked. 2.7 Low Voltage Detection The supply voltage is sensed by a low voltage detect circuitry. The power amplifier is turned off if the supply voltage drops below a value of about 1.85 V. This is done in order to prevent unwanted emission of the transmitter if the supply voltage is too low. 3901072013 Rev. 001 Page 5 of 14 Data Sheet June/08 MLX72013 433MHz FSK/ASK Transmitter 2.8 Mode Control Logic The mode control logic allows two different modes of operation as listed in the following table. The mode control pin ENTX is pulleddown internally. This guarantees that the whole circuit is shut down if this pin is left floating. ENTX Mode Description 0 TX standby TX disabled 1 TX active TX enable 2.9 Timing Diagrams After enabling the transmitter by the ENTX signal, the power amplifier remains inactive for the time ton, the transmitter start-up time. The crystal oscillator starts oscillation and the PLL locks to the desired output frequency within the time duration ton. After successful PLL lock, the LOCK signal turns on the power amplifier, and then the RF carrier can be FSK or ASK modulated. high EN low high LOCK low high FSKDTA low Y R A N I M I L E R P high EN low high LOCK low high PSEL low RF carrier t t t on t on Fig. 5: Timing diagram for FSK and ASK modulation 3901072013 Rev. 001 Page 6 of 14 Data Sheet June/08 MLX72013 433MHz FSK/ASK Transmitter 3 Pin Definition and Description Pin No. 1 Name FSKDTA I/O Type Functional Schematic 0: ENTX=1 1: ENTX=0 input 1.5kΩ FSKDTA 1 2 FSKSW Description FSK data input, CMOS compatible with operation mode dependent pull-up circuit TX standby: no pull-up TX active: pull-up analog I/O XOSC FSK pulling pin, MOS switch FSKSW 2 3 ROI Y R A N I M I L E R P analog I/O XOSC connection to XTAL, Colpitts type crystal oscillator 25k ROI 3 36p 36p 4 ENTX input mode control input, CMOS-compatible with internal pull-down circuit 1.5kΩ ENTX 4 5 PSEL power select input, highimpedance comparator logic analog I/O IPSEL PSEL 1.5kΩ TX standby: IPSEL = 0 TX active: IPSEL = 8µA 5 6 VCC supply 7 OUT output positive power supply VCC OUT power amplifier output, open collector 7 VEE 8 VEE 3901072013 Rev. 001 VEE ground negative power supply Page 7 of 14 Data Sheet June/08 MLX72013 433MHz FSK/ASK Transmitter 4 Electrical Characteristics 4.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Condition Min Max Unit Supply voltage VCC 0 7.0 V Input voltage VIN -0.3 VCC+0.3 V Storage temperature TSTG -65 150 °C Junction temperature TJ 150 °C Thermal Resistance RthJA 163 K/W Power dissipation Pdiss 0.15 W ±2.0 Y R A N I M I L E R P Electrostatic discharge VESD human body model (HBM) according to CDF-AECQ100-002 kV 4.2 Normal Operating Conditions Parameter Supply voltage Operating temperature Symbol Condition Min Max Unit 1.95 5.5 V MLX72013 C 0 70 °C MLX72013 K -40 125 VCC TA Input low voltage CMOS VIL ENTX, FSKDTA pins 0.3*VCC Input high voltage CMOS VIH ENTX, FSKDTA pins XOSC frequency fref set by the crystal 26.5 27.8 MHz VCO frequency fc fc = 16 • fref 425 445 MHz FSK deviation Δf depending on CX1, CX2 and crystal parameters ±5 ±25 kHz Data rate R NRZ code 40 kbit/s Min Max Unit 26.5 27.8 MHz 10 15 pF 0.7*VCC V V 4.3 Crystal Parameters Parameter Symbol Condition Crystal frequency f0 Load capacitance CL Static capacitance C0 7 pF Series resistance R1 50 Ω aspur -10 dB Spurious response 3901072013 Rev. 001 fundamental mode, AT Page 8 of 14 Data Sheet June/08 MLX72013 433MHz FSK/ASK Transmitter 4.4 DC Characteristics all parameters under normal operating conditions, unless otherwise stated; typical values at TA = 23 °C and VCC = 3.6 V Parameter Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Unit MLX72013 C, ENTX=0 0.2 200 nA MLX72013 K, ENTX=0 0.2 4000 Operating Currents Standby current ISBY Supply current in power step 0 ICC0 ENTX=1 2.5 mA Supply current in power step 1 ICC1 ENTX=1 3.5 mA Supply current in power step 2 ICC2 ENTX=1 6.5 mA Supply current in power step 3 ICC3 ENTX=1 9.8 mA Supply current in power step 4 ICC4 ENTX=1 15.9 mA Input low voltage CMOS VIL ENTX, FSKDTA pins -0.3 0.3*Vcc V Input high voltage CMOS VIH ENTX, FSKDTA pins 0.7*VCC VCC+0.3 V 20 µA Y R A N I M I L E R P Digital Pin Characteristics Pull down current ENTX pin IPDEN ENTX=1 0.2 Low level input current ENTX pin IINLEN ENTX=0 0.02 µA High level input current FSKDTA pin IINHDTA FSKDTA=1 0.02 µA Pull up current FSKDTA pin active IPUDTAa FSKDTA=0 ENTX=1 12 µA Pull up current FSKDTA pin standby IPUDTAs FSKDTA=0 ENTX=0 0.02 µA MOS switch On resistance RON FSKDTA=0 ENTX=1 70 Ω MOS switch Off resistance ROFF FSKDTA=1 ENTX=1 Power select current IPSEL ENTX=1 Power select voltage step 0 VPS0 ENTX=1 Power select voltage step 1 VPS1 ENTX=1 Power select voltage step 2 VPS2 Power select voltage step 3 Power select voltage step 4 0.1 2.0 1.5 FSK Switch Resistance 20 1 MΩ Power Select Characteristics 7.0 8.6 9.9 µA 0.035 V 0.14 0.24 V ENTX=1 0.37 0.60 V VPS3 ENTX=1 0.78 1.29 V VPS4 ENTX=1 1.55 ENTX=1 1.75 V Low Voltage Detection Characteristic Low voltage detect threshold 3901072013 Rev. 001 VLVD Page 9 of 14 1.85 1.95 V Data Sheet June/08 MLX72013 433MHz FSK/ASK Transmitter 4.5 AC Characteristics all parameters under normal operating conditions, unless otherwise stated; typical values at TA = 23 °C and VCC = 3.6 V; test circuit shown in Fig. 6, fc = 433.92 MHz Parameter Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Unit -70 dBm CW Spectrum Characteristics Output power in step 0 (Isolation in off-state) Poff ENTX=1 Output power in step 1 P1 ENTX=1 -16 -15 -13 dBm Output power in step 2 P2 ENTX=1 0 1 2 dBm Output power in step 3 P3 ENTX=1 6 7 9 dBm Y R A N I M I L E R P Output power in step 4 P4 Phase noise at 5kHz offset L(fm)5 Phase noise at 200kHz offset L(fm)200 Spurious emissions according to EN 300 220-1 (2000.09) table 13 Pspur ENTX=1 10 11 12 dBm @ 5kHz offset -98 dBc/Hz @ 200kHz offset -97 dBc/Hz 47MHz< f <74MHz 87.5MHz< f <118MHz 174MHz< f <230MHz 470MHz< f <862MHz B=100kHz -54 dBm f < 1GHz, B=100kHz -36 dBm f > 1GHz, B=1MHz -30 dBm 1.0 ms ±3 ppm ±10 ppm ±20 ppm Start-up Parameters Start-up time ton from standby to transmit mode 0.6 Frequency Stability Frequency stability vs. supply voltage dfVCC Frequency stability vs. temperature dfTA Frequency stability vs. variation range of CRO dfCRO crystal at constant temperature 4.6 Output Power Steps Power step 0 1 2 3 4 RPS / kΩ <3 22 56 120 not connected 3901072013 Rev. 001 Page 10 of 14 Data Sheet June/08 MLX72013 433MHz FSK/ASK Transmitter 5 Test Circuit CM1 CM2 LM CM3 LT CB1 RPS OUT PSE L V CC OUT V EE 5 6 7 8 ENTX ROI FS KS W FS KDTA MLX72013 Y R A N I M I L E R P CX2 XTAL CX1 CB0 VCC ENTX GND GND DATA V CC Fig. 6: 1 2 VCC GND 1 2 3 1 2 3 Test circuit for FSK with 50 Ω matching network 5.1 Test circuit component list to Fig. 6 Size Value @ 433.92 MHz CM1 0805 8.2 pF ±5% impedance matching capacitor CM2 0805 12 pF ±5% impedance matching capacitor CM3 0805 82 pF ±5% impedance matching capacitor LM 0805 22 nH ±5% impedance matching inductor, note 2 Part Tolerance Description LT 0805 33 nH ±5% output tank inductor, note 2 CX1 0805 10 pF ±5% XOSC capacitor, note 1 CX2 0805 12 pF ±5% XOSC capacitor, note 1 RPS 0805 see para. 4.6 ±5% power-select resistor CB0 1206 220 nF ±20% blocking capacitor CB1 0805 330 pF ±10% blocking capacitor XTAL SMD 6x3.5 27.1200 MHz ±20ppm calibr. ±20ppm temp. fundamental wave crystal, CL = 10 pF, C0, max = 7 pF, R1 = 40 Ω Note 1: value depending on crystal parameters Note 2: for high-power applications high-Q wire-wound inductors should be used 3901072013 Rev. 001 Page 11 of 14 Data Sheet June/08 MLX72013 433MHz FSK/ASK Transmitter 6 Package Information D 7° ZD e H E 8 Y R A N I M I L E R P L DETAIL - A 1 B DETAIL - A 0.38 x 45° (0.015x45°) C A1 A A2 BSC .10 (.004) Fig. 7: SOIC8 (Small Outline Integrated Circuit) all Dimension in mm, coplanarity < 0.1mm min max D E H A A1 A2 4.80 3.81 5.80 1.52 0.10 1.37 4.98 3.99 6.20 1.72 0.25 1.57 e B ZD 0.36 1.27 0.46 0.53 C L α 0.19 0.41 0° 0.25 1.27 8° 0.075 0.016 0° 0.098 0.050 8° all Dimension in inch, coplanarity < 0.004” min max 0.189 0.196 0.150 0.2284 0.060 0.0040 0.054 0.157 0.2440 0.068 0.0098 0.062 0.014 0.050 0.018 0.021 6.1 Soldering Information • The device MLX72013 is qualified for MSL1 with soldering peak temperature 260 deg C according to JEDEC J-STD-20. 3901072013 Rev. 001 Page 12 of 14 Data Sheet June/08 MLX72013 433MHz FSK/ASK Transmitter 7 Reliability Information This Melexis device is classified and qualified regarding soldering technology, solderability and moisture sensitivity level, as defined in this specification, according to following test methods: Reflow Soldering SMD’s (Surface Mount Devices) • IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 “Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity Classification for Nonhermetic Solid State Surface Mount Devices (classification reflow profiles according to table 5-2)” Wave Soldering SMD’s (Surface Mount Devices) • EN60749-20 “Resistance of plastic- encapsulated SMD’s to combined effect of moisture and soldering heat” Y R A N I M I L E R P Solderability SMD’s (Surface Mount Devices) • EIA/JEDEC JESD22-B102 “Solderability” For all soldering technologies deviating from above mentioned standard conditions (regarding peak temperature, temperature gradient, temperature profile etc) additional classification and qualification tests have to be agreed upon with Melexis. The application of Wave Soldering for SMD’s is allowed only after consulting Melexis regarding assurance of adhesive strength between device and board. 8 ESD Precautions Electronic semiconductor products are sensitive to Electro Static Discharge (ESD). Always observe Electro Static Discharge control procedures whenever handling semiconductor products. 3901072013 Rev. 001 Page 13 of 14 Data Sheet June/08 MLX72013 433MHz FSK/ASK Transmitter 9 Disclaimer 1) The information included in this documentation is subject to Melexis intellectual and other property rights. Reproduction of information is permissible only if the information will not be altered and is accompanied by all associated conditions, limitations and notices. 2) Any use of the documentation without the prior written consent of Melexis other than the one set forth in clause 1 is an unfair and deceptive business practice. Melexis is not responsible or liable for such altered documentation. 3) The information furnished by Melexis in this documentation is provided ’as is’. Except as expressly warranted in any other applicable license agreement, Melexis disclaims all warranties either express, implied, statutory or otherwise including but not limited to the merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, title and non-infringement with regard to the content of this documentation. Y R A N I M I L E R P 4) Notwithstanding the fact that Melexis endeavors to take care of the concept and content of this documentation, it may include technical or factual inaccuracies or typographical errors. Melexis disclaims any responsibility in connection herewith. 5) Melexis reserves the right to change the documentation, the specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with Melexis for current information. 6) Melexis shall not be liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interrupt of business or indirect, special incidental or consequential damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of the information in this documentation. 7) The product described in this documentation is intended for use in normal commercial applications. Applications requiring operation beyond ranges specified in this documentation, unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical life-support or life-sustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by Melexis for each application. 8) Any supply of products by Melexis will be governed by the Melexis Terms of Sale, published on www.melexis.com. © Melexis NV. All rights reserved. For the latest version of this document, go to our website at: www.melexis.com Or for additional information contact Melexis Direct: Europe, Asia: Americas: Asia: Phone: +32 1367 0495 Phone: +1 603 223 2362 Phone: +32 1367 0495 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] ISO/TS 16949 and ISO14001 Certified 3901072013 Rev. 001 Page 14 of 14 Data Sheet June/08