UM1856
User manual
STEVAL-IHM029V2: Universal motor control evaluation board
based on the STM8S103F2 MCU and T1235T Triac
Introduction
This evaluation board specifically targets new vacuum cleaners which, from September
2017, must be limited to a maximum input power of 900 W to be compliant with the
2009/125/EC directive.
The evaluation board is based on the 20-pin 8-bit STM8S103 MCU running at 16 MHz
(user-trimmable internal RC clock), featuring 4 kBytes of flash memory, a 10-bit A/D
converter, 8-/16-bit timers, communication interfaces and 640 bytes of E²PROM. The power
supply circuitry is based on VIPer16L, an off-line converter with an 800 V avalanche rugged
power section operating at 60 kHz.
The STEVAL-IHM029V2 performs phase angle control of any universal motor up to 900 W,
thanks to the T1235T-8T, a 12 A 800 V T-series TRIAC which is manufactured using hightemperature processes and can hence maintain operation up to 150 °C.
In order to limit the in-rush current, the evaluation board features a soft-start routine and a
smooth power change function.This routine renders the board compliant with the
IEC 61000-3-3 standard on voltage fluctuation and flicker.
The evaluation board passed the pre-compliance tests for EMC directives IEC 61000-4-4
(burst up to 8 kV) and IEC 61000-4-5 (surge up to 2 kV). When in stand-by mode, the
overall STEVAL-IHM029V2 power consumption is below 300 mW.
Figure 1. STEVAL-IHM029V2 evaluation board
February 2015
DocID027359 Rev 1
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www.st.com
22
Contents
UM1856
Contents
1
Safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2
Main features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3
Target applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4
Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5
Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6
Bill of material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7
Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8
Scope waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9
EMC test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
10
9.1
Electrical fast transient / burst immunity test results (IEC-61000-4-4) . . . 15
9.2
Surge immunity test results (IEC-61000-4-5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
How to connect the STEVAL-IHM029V2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
10.1
How to operate the STEVAL-IHM029V2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
10.2
Firing angle table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
10.3
The STEVAL-IHM029V2 layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
11
Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
12
References and related material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
13
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2/22
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1
Safety instructions
Safety instructions
Warning:
The high voltage levels used to operate the STEVALIHM029V2 could present a serious electrical shock hazard.
This evaluation board must be used in a suitable laboratory
by qualified personnel only, familiar with the installation, use,
and maintenance of power electrical systems.
Intended use
The STEVAL-IHM029V2 is a component designed for demonstration purposes only, and
must not be installed in any domestic or industrial equipment. The technical data, as well as
the information concerning the power supply and working conditions must be taken from the
documentation included in the kit and strictly adhered to.
Installation
The STEVAL-IHM029V2 must only be installed according to the instructions in this user
manual and the components must be protected against excessive strain. In particular, no
components are to be bent and isolating distances must not be altered during
transportation, use or handling. No contact must be made with electronic components and
contacts. The STEVAL-IHM029V2 contains electrostatic-sensitive components that are
prone to damage through improper use. To avoid potential health risks and injuries,
electrical components must not be mechanically damaged or destroyed.
Electrical connection
Applicable national accident prevention regulations must be followed when working on the
mains power supply. The electrical installation must be performed in accordance with the
appropriate requirements (e.g. cross-sectional areas of conductors, fusing, PE
connections).
Board operation
A system architecture which supplies power to the evaluation board must be equipped with
additional control and protective devices in accordance with the applicable safety
requirements (e.g. compliance with technical equipment and accident prevention rules).
Warning:
Do not touch the board after disconnection from the Mains,
as several parts and power terminals which contain possibly
energized capacitors need to be allowed to discharge
completely. Green “RUN” LED signals high voltage present
on the board by blinking, when blinking disappears
capacitors were discharged and it is safe to touch.
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Main features
2
UM1856
Main features
The STEVAL-IHM029V2 evaluation board main features are listed below.
4/22
•
Input voltage range: 90-265 VAC, 50 / 60 Hz
•
12 VDC / 5 VDC auxiliary power supply based on VIPer16L in buck converter topology
•
Total power consumption below 300 mW in stand-by mode
•
Maximum output power 900 W for 220-240 V mains. Higher power motors may be
used (up to 2 kW approx.) if the T1235T-8T case temperature remains within datasheet
limits (refer to Fig. 2 of T1235T-8T datasheet)
•
20-pin 8-bit STM8S103F2P6 MCU as main controller
•
Zero voltage switching (ZVS) to synchronize the MCU events with the voltage mains
•
Motor driven by T1235T-8T 12 A, 800 V T-series TRIAC in phase angle control
•
5 power levels + stand-by mode selected by potentiometer
•
5 red LEDs to display the operating power level of the board
•
A “RUN” green LED to ensure the board is functioning
•
Standard in-circuit programming connector
•
IEC 61000-4-4 pre-compliance test verified (burst up to 8 kV)
•
IEC 61000-4-5 pre-compliance test verified (surge up to 2 kV)
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3
Target applications
Target applications
The STEVAL-IHM029V2 universal motor control evaluation board is mainly targeted at the
domestic appliance market, including:
•
Vacuum cleaners – the new 2009/125/EC directive requires decreased power
consumption to below 900 W from September 2017
•
Food processors
•
Power tools
DocID027359 Rev 1
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Block diagram
4
UM1856
Block diagram
An universal motor control system can be split into a few simple blocks.
Figure 2. STEVAL-IHM029V2 block diagram
Power supply
The VIPer16L-based power supply uses a buck converter topology operating at 60 kHz
fixed frequency. The wide input voltage range (90-265 VAC, 50 / 60 Hz) allows the
evaluation board to operate at either 110 VAC 60 Hz or 220 VAC 50 Hz. The converter
output voltage is -12 VDC. This voltage is sent to an L7905CP linear regulator, which in turn
provides a reference voltage of -5 VDC. A negative power supply is highly recommended
when driving a TRIAC directly from a microcontroller (refer to AN440, AN3168 and
AN4564).
ZVS
The zero voltage switching signal is captured directly from the input mains. The MCU
detects the ZVS after each period of the input mains and synchronizes the routines and
events accordingly (i.e. driving the TRIAC).
User interface
The user interface has a potentiometer to adjust the output power level and 6 LEDs
indicating the status of the board and the actual power level of the board.
Motor driving
The universal motor is driven by a T-series TRIAC T1235T-8T in angle phase control.
STM8S103F2P6
The entire process is controlled by a 20-pin 8-bit STM8S microcontroller.
6/22
DocID027359 Rev 1
DocID027359 Rev 1
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UM1856
Schematic
Schematic
Figure 3. STEVAL-IHM029V2 schematic
*63*6*
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Bill of material
6
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Bill of material
Table 1. Bill of material (BOM)
Index Qty
Ref.
Value
Package
Manufact.
Ord.le N
Supp.
1
1
C1
47nF 275V~
X2
Foil X2
capacitor,
RM 15mm
Any
Any
2
2
C2,C3
4.7uF/400V
(450V)
El. capacitor,
Any
5mm, 105°C
Any
3
2
C6,C9
10uF/25V
El. capacitor,
Any
2.5mm
Any
4
2
C4,C22
1nF
Capacitor,
SMD 0805
Any
5
3
R2,R3,
C5
not mounted -
6
2
C7,C10
100nF
Capacitor,
SMD 0805
Any
Any
7
1
C8, C58
100µF/25V
El. capacitor,
Any
3.5mm
Any
8
2
C11,C23
10nF
Capacitor,
SMD 0805
Any
Any
9
1
C12
1µF
Capacitor,
SMD 1206
Any
Any
10
1
DL1
LED Green
Universal
LED 3mm,
20mA
Any
Any
11
5
DL2,DL3
DL4,Dl5,
DL6
LED Red
Universal
LED 3mm,
20mA
Any
Any
12
2
D1,D2
1N4007
Standard
rectifier,
SMD
Any
Any
13
3
D3,D4,
D5
STTH1R06
Ultrafast HV
rectifier,
SMA
STM
STTH1R06
14
1
P6KE400CA
D6 (not
Transil DO(not
mounted)
15
mounted)
STM
P6KE400CA
15
2
J1,J2
8/22
CON 5mm,
2P
Any
-
Connector
RM 5mm, 2- Any
pole, screw
DocID027359 Rev 1
Any
Supp.ordering
code
UM1856
Bill of material
Table 1. Bill of material (BOM) (continued)
Index Qty
Ref.
Value
Package
Manufact.
Ord.le N
Supp.
16
1
J3
Stip line 4P
2.54mm
Standard
vertical,
2.54mm
Any
Any
17
1
L1
1mH
Radial
inductor,
5mm
Any
Any
18
1
L2
470uH
Radial
inductor,
5mm
Any
Any
15mm
Horizontal +
25.5mm
Shaft
Any
Any
Any
Any
19
1
P1
50kΩ
Trimmer +
Shaft
20
1
RV1
Varistor
275V~
275VV 595+ 7.5mm
21
1
R1
47Ω
2W 5%
Metal or
Carbon
Any
Any
22
1
R4
33kΩ
Resistor,
SMD 0805,
1%
Any
Any
23
1
R5
90kΩ
Resistor,
SMD 0805,
1%
Any
Any
R24,R25
Metal
220kΩ 0.6W resistor,
Any
1%
through hole,
1%
Any
Metal
resistor,
Any
through hole,
1%
Any
24
2
25
1
R26
75Ω 0.6W
1%
26
6
R27,R28
R29,R30
R31,R32
680Ω
Resistor,
SMD 1206,
1%
Any
Any
27
2
TP1,TP2
Test Point
Any
Any
Any
28
1
TR1
T1235T-8T
12A TRIAC,
TO-220AB
STM
Any
STM
29
1
H1
Heatsink
V7142A
25x23x16
Gold or
Black
30
1
U1
VIPer16LN
Off-line
converter,
DIP-7
DocID027359 Rev 1
Supp.ordering
code
T1235T-8T
GM
620-030
VIPer16LN
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22
Bill of material
UM1856
Table 1. Bill of material (BOM) (continued)
Index Qty
Ref.
Value
Package
Manufact.
Neg. voltage
regulator in STM
TO-220FP
Ord.le N
Supp.
31
1
U2
L7905CP
32
1
U3
8-bit MCU,
STM8S103F
4kBytes,
2P6
TSSOP20
33
5
SCR1,SC
R2,SCR3
Screw
SCR4,
SCR5
M3, 10mm
long
Any
Any
34
4
DST1,DS
T2,DST3, Distance
DST4
M3, 15mm
long
Any
Any
35
1
CD
CD/DVD
burning
Any
Any
36
1
Label
CD/DVD
Label
Any
Any
37
1
Box
Box label
Any
Any
10/22
STM
DocID027359 Rev 1
L7905CP
STM8S103F2P6
Supp.ordering
code
UM1856
7
Functional description
Functional description
The motor is driven via phase angle control.
Figure 4. Phase angle control
The MCU operation is synchronized with the mains voltage thanks to the zero voltage
switching (ZVS) signal. This signal is sent directly to a MCU input pin, which is set as the
external interrupt. The TRIAC is turned on by sending a pulse to the TRIAC gate. The
TRIAC turns off when the current through the triac drops below the holding current level.
The firing angle determines the power delivered to the motor: the lower the firing angle, the
higher the delivered power. The firing angle and gate pulse length are defined by software.
For a mains frequency of 50 Hz, the evaluation board has a firing angle ranging of between
2.5 ms and 8.5 ms, and a constant gate pulse length of 1 ms.
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Scope waveforms
8
UM1856
Scope waveforms
The following waveforms have been taken while testing the evaluation board with a 300 W
universal motor and no load applied. The purpose of these waveforms is to show how MCU
signals are managed and synchronized with the mains voltage. These signals are valid and
remain unchanged for any universal motor connected to the evaluation board. Only the
output current signal changes, which is dependent on the selected working speed and
motor size.
Figure 5. Motor running at the lowest power level
The gate pulse (blue) is applied to the TRIAC with a firing angle of 8.5 ms with respect to the
mains voltage (brown). Once the pulse is applied, the TRIAC turns on and starts delivering
the power to the motor. The purple waveform shows the current flowing through the motor.
The evaluation board in this example is operating at level 1, delivering minimum power to
the motor.
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Scope waveforms
Figure 6. Motor running at the highest power level
In Figure 6, the gate pulse (blue) is applied to the TRIAC with a firing angle of 2.5 ms with
respect to the mains voltage (brown). Once the pulse is applied, the TRIAC turns on and
starts delivering the power to the motor. The purple waveform now shows a higher current
flowing through the motor.
The evaluation board is now operating at level 5, delivering maximum power to the motor.
Figure 7. Zero voltage switching (ZVS)
The green waveform shows the zero voltage switching signal (ZVS) applied to the MCU.
The signal is toggled whenever the mains voltage crosses zero. The ZVS signal is used by
the MCU as a reference to calculate the firing angle and to synchronize the TRIAC gate
signal with the mains voltage.
The ZVS signal ranges between 0.6 V and 5.6 V due to the cutting diodes inside the MCU’s
I/O port.
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Scope waveforms
UM1856
Figure 8. Soft-start
The waveform shows the output current behavior when connecting the board while the
potentiometer is set to the maximum output power setting. The output current is slowly and
smoothly increased until the working level is reached. In the example, the working level is
reached in about 4 seconds.
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EMC test results
9
EMC test results
The STEVAL-IHM029V2 evaluation board has successfully passed the pre-compliance
tests for EMC directives IEC 61000-4-4 (burst up to 8 kV) and IEC 61000-4-5 (surge up to
2 kV).
9.1
Electrical fast transient / burst immunity test results (IEC61000-4-4)
Table 2. Electrical fast transient / burst immunity test results
STEVAL-IHM029V2 VIN 250 VAC-50 Hz
2 kV
4 kV
6 kV
8 kV
A
A
A
B
Level 3 (5.5 ms)
A
A
A
B
Stand-by
A
A
A
B
Level 3 (5.5 ms)
A
A
A
B
Stand-by
A
A
A
B
Level 3 (5.5 ms)
A
A
B
B
Stand-by
A
A
A
B
Level 3 (5.5 ms)
A
B
B
B
Stand-by
A
B
B
B
Level 3 (5.5 ms)
A
B
B
B
Stand-by
A
B
B
B
A
A
B
B
Stand-by
+L
+N
+ L +N
-L
-N
- L +N
Level 3 (5.5 ms)
Note:
A: No changes in functionality. The board works properly, no reset occurs.
B: Reset occurs but the board recovers without external intervention.
C: Reset occurs but the board cannot recover without external intervention.
9.2
Surge immunity test results (IEC-61000-4-5)
Test passed @ 2 kV (conditions: VIN 250 VAC, 50 Hz; both in stand-by and at working level
3).
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How to connect the STEVAL-IHM029V2
10
UM1856
How to connect the STEVAL-IHM029V2
Figure 9. Evaluation board overview
On the left side of the board, connect the mains voltage to the upper connector and the
motor to the lower connector. The output power is controlled by the potentiometer P1 on the
right.
10.1
How to operate the STEVAL-IHM029V2
The evaluation board can be tested with or without a load. Even if no motor is connected to
the evaluation board, all signals are visible via a scope. Turn the potentiometer P1 to the
“OFF” position before powering the evaluation board.
The STEVAL-IHM029V2 is ready to operate as soon as it is plugged in to the mains. The
output power level is adjusted by turning the potentiometer P1. The power regulation is
broken into 5 power levels: from 1 (minimum power) to 5 (maximum power), with a red LED
indicating the current power level. Turning the potentiometer P1 clockwise increments the
output power and vice-versa. While the motor is running, the green LED marked “RUN”
blinks to indicate that the MCU is properly driving the TRIAC.
Turning the potentiometer P1 to the OFF position places the STEVAL-IHM029V2 in
stand-by mode (total power consumption below 300 mW).
10.2
Firing angle table
The firing angles are set by software and depend on the mains frequency.
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How to connect the STEVAL-IHM029V2
Table 3. Mains frequency
10.3
Working level
50 Hz mains frequency
60 Hz mains frequency
1
8.5 ms
7.0 ms
2
7.0 ms
6.0 ms
3
5.5 ms
5.0 ms
4
4.0 ms
3.5 ms
5
2.5 ms
2.0 ms
The STEVAL-IHM029V2 layout
Figure 10. STEVAL-IHM029V2 silk screen top
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How to connect the STEVAL-IHM029V2
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Figure 11. STEVAL-IHM029V2 top layer
Figure 12. STEVAL-IHM029V2 bottom layer
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Ordering information
Ordering information
Use the order code “STEVAL-IHM029V2” to order through the standard ordering system.
The kit includes an assembled evaluation board and the associated documentation.
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References and related material
12
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References and related material
For specific information regarding the basic functionality of each integrated circuit, please
refer to the following documentation:
20/22
1.
STM8S103F2P6 datasheet
2.
T1235T-8T datasheet
3.
VIPer16L datasheet
4.
L7905CP datasheet
5.
STTH1R06 datasheet
6.
P6KE400CA datasheet
7.
L7905CP datasheet
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13
Revision history
Revision history
Table 4. Document revision history
Date
Revision
20-Feb-2015
1
Changes
Initial release.
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