LB11685AV Monolithic Digital IC 3-Phase sensor less Motor Driver Application Note http://onsemi.com Overview The LB11685AV is a three-phase full-wave current-linear-drive motor driver which adopts a sensorless control system without a use of Hall effect device. The LB11685AV features a current soft switching circuit for silent operation. This device is optimal for driving cooling fan motors used in refrigerators and various others. Function Three-phase full-wave linear drive (Hall sensor-less method ) Built-in three-phase output voltage control circuit Built-in current limiter circuit Built-in motor lock protection circuit Motor lock protection detection output FG output made by back EMF Built-in thermal shut down circuit Beat lock prevention circuit Typical Applications Cooling fan for refrigerators Pin Assignment Package Dimensions TOP VIEW unit : mm (typ) 3315 UOUT 1 24 VOUT (NC) 2 23 WOUT (NC) 3 22 (NC) PGND 4 21 (NC) MCOM 5 20 RF (NC) 6 19 VCC SGND 7 18 REG FG 8 17 VOH RD 9 16 FC1 (NC) 10 15 FC2 VCO 11 14 C2 CX 12 13 C1 Caution: The package dimension is a reference value, which is not a guaranteed value. Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2013 December, 2013 1/46 LB11685AV Application Note Recommended Soldering Footprint Reference Symbol eE e b3 I1 SSOP24J(275mil) 7.00 0.80 0.42 1.00 Block Diagram 1 24 2 23 3 22 Pre Drive 4 21 Distributor Output Switching Control 5 20 Reference Voltage 6 Start Up & Mask Timing 7 Power On Reset Bandgap 19 18 TSD Motor Lock Detector 8 17 Torque Ripple Rejection & Current Limit 9 16 FG Low Voltage Control 10 15 PLL 11 Soft Switching 13 VCO 12 14 2/46 LB11685AV Application Note Specifications Absolute Maximum Ratings at Ta = 25C Parameter Symbol Maximum supply voltage VCC max Input applied voltage VIN max Conditions Ratings Unit 19 V -0.3 to VCC +0.3 V *1 Maximum output current IO max Allowable power dissipation Pd max Operating temperature Topr -40 to 85 deg. Storage temperature Tstg -55 to 150 deg. Junction temperature Tj max 150 deg. Mounted on a board. *2 1.2 A 1.05 W *1: The IO is a peak value of motor-current. *2: Specified board: 76.1mm 114.3mm 1.6mm, glass epoxy board. Caution 1) Absolute maximum ratings represent the value which cannot be exceeded for any length of time. Caution 2) Even when the device is used within the range of absolute maximum ratings, as a result of continuous usage under high temperature, high current, high voltage, or drastic temperature change, the reliability of the IC may be degraded. Please contact us for the further details. Stresses exceeding Maximum Ratings may damage the device. Maximum Ratings are stress ratings only. Functional operation above the Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Extended exposure to stresses above the Recommended Operating Conditions may affect device reliability. Recommended Operating Conditions at Ta 25C Parameter Symbol Recommended Supply voltage VCC Operating supply voltage VCC op Conditions Ratings min typ Unit max 12 4.5 V 18.0 V Electrical Characteristics at Ta 25C, VCC = 5.0V Parameter Supply current Symbol ICC Conditions FC1=FC2=0V Ratings min typ 5 10 20 mA Internal regulate voltage VREG 3.3 3.6 V Output voltage (source) VOSOUR IO =0.8A *3 1.3 1.7 V Output voltage (sink) VOSINK IO =0.8A *3 0.5 1.3 V Current limiter VOLIM 0.300 0.332 V 0 VCC -2 V MCOM pin common-input voltage range MCOM pin Source current for hysteresis MCOM pin Sink current for hysteresis MCOM pin hysteresis current ratio VCO input bias current VCO oscillation minimum frequency VCO oscillation maximum frequency CX charge / discharge current ICOM+ MCOM=7V 30 80 A ICOM- MCOM=7V 30 80 A RTCOM RTCOM=ICOM+/ICOM- 0.6 1.4 IVCO fVCO min fVCO max ICX VCX C1 (C2) charge current IC1(2)+ C1 (C2) discharge current IC1(2)RTC1(2) current ratio 0.268 VINCOM CX hysteresis voltage C1 (C2) charge/discharge 3.0 Unit max VCO=2.3V 0.2 VCO=2.1V, CX=0.015F Design target*2 VCO=2.7V, CX=0.015F Design target*2 VCO=2.5V, CX=1.6V A 930 Hz 8.6 kHz A 70 100 140 0.35 0.55 0.75 VCO=2.5V, C1(2)=1.3V 12 20 28 A VCO=2.5V, C1(2)=1.3V 12 20 28 A RTC1(2)=IC1(2)+/IC1(2)- 0.8 1.0 1.2 C1/C2 charge current ratio RTCCHG RTCCHG=IC1+/IC2+ 0.8 1.0 1.2 C1/C2 discharge current ratio RTCDIS RTCDIS=IC1-/IC2- 0.8 1.0 1.2 C1 (C2) cramp voltage width VCW1(2) 1.0 1.3 1.6 V Continued on next page. 3/46 LB11685AV Application Note Continued from preceding page. FG output low level voltage VFGL IFG =3mA 0.5 V RD output low level voltage VRDL IRD =3mA 0.5 V Thermal shut down operating temperature*1 Thermal shut down hysteresis width*1 TTSD TTSD Junction temperature Design target*2 Junction temperature Design target*2 150 180 deg. 15 deg. *1: The thermal shut down circuit is built-in for protection from damage of IC. But its operation is out of Topr. Design thermal calculation at normal operation. *2: Design target value and no measurement is made. *3: The IO is a peak value of motor-current. 4/46 LB11685AV Application Note Pin Function Pin No. Pin name 1 UOUT 23 WOUT 24 VOUT 4 PGND Function Equivalent circuit Each output pin of three phases. Pin No.20 GND pin in the output part. This pin is connected to GND. The SGND pin is also connected to GND. Pin No.1,23,24 20 RF Pin to detect output current. By connecting a resistor between this pin and VCC, the output current is detected as a voltage. The current limiter is operated by this voltage. Pin No.4 5 MCOM Motor coil midpoint input pin. The coil voltage waveform is detected based on this voltage. SGND SGND SGND VCC VCC Pin No.5 SGND SGND 7 SGND Ground pin (except the output part ) This pin is connected to GND. The PGND pin is also connected to GND. Continued on next page. 5/46 LB11685AV Application Note Continued from preceding page. Function Pin No. Pin name 8 FG Equivalent circuit FG out made by back-EMF pin. It synchronizes FG out with inverted V-phase. Pin No.8 When don’t use this function, open this pin. SGND SGND 9 RD Motor lock protection detection output pin. Output with Low during rotation of motor. Pin No.9 Open during lock protection of motor (High-impedance ) When don’t use this function, open this pin. SGND SGND 11 VCO PLL output pin and VCO input pin. To stabilize PLL output, connect a capacitor between VREG this pin and GND. VCC Pin No.11 VREG VREG SGND 500k SGND 12 CX VCO oscillation output pin. Operation frequency range and minimum frequency VREG are determined by the capacity of a capacitor connected to this pin. VCC Pin No.12 SGND SGND Continued on next page. 6/46 LB11685AV Application Note Continued from preceding page. Pin No. Pin name Function 13 C1 Soft switching adjustment pin. 14 C2 The triangular wave form is formed by connecting a Equivalent circuit capacitor with this pin. And, the switching of three-phase output is adjusted by the slope. VCC Pin No. 13,14 SGND SGND 15 FC2 Frequency characteristic correction pin 2. To suppress the oscillation of control system closed VREG loop of sink-side, connect a capacitor between this pin and GND. VCC Pin No.15 SGND SGND 16 FC1 Frequency characteristic correction pin 1. To suppress the oscillation of control system closed loop of source-side, connect a capacitor between this VCC pin and GND. Pin No.16 SGND SGND 17 VOH Three-phase output high level output pin. To stabilize the output voltage of this pin, connect a VCC capacitor between this pin and the VCC pin. VCC SGND Pin No.17 SGND Continued on next page. 7/46 LB11685AV Application Note Continued from preceding page. Pin No. 18 Pin name VREG Function Equivalent circuit DC voltage (3.3V) output pin. Connect a capacitor between this pin and GND for VCC VCC stabilization. Pin No.18 SGND SGND 19 VCC Pin to supply power-supply voltage. To curb the influence of ripple and noise, the voltage should be stabilized. 8/46 LB11685AV Application Note Operation Description 1. Operation Overview 1-1. Block Description 1-1-1. Regular Rotation mode The function of each block at normal motor rotation is explained below. Here, the IC is set to “Regular Rotation mode”. [Energization Timing Area] (a) Using COM voltage as a reference, comparators detect Back-EMF signal from the motor in rotation. Timing of each phase (U, V and W) is defined by comparators. From the 3 signals, “Energization Timing signal” is generated in “Output Switching Control” block. (b) FG signal is generated from this “Energization Timing signal”. (c) Using FG signal, “Internal CLK” is generated in “frequency multiplier” block. (Internal CLK frequency = 48 * FG signal frequency) The FG signal and the internal CLK are referential signals for timing in this IC. (d) In “Mask Timing” block, mask timing is generated to prevent error operation when Back-EMF is detected. (e) In “Soft Switching”, the timing of soft-switching is added to the “Energization Timing signal” generated in (a), which is synthesized with current signal of each phase in “Distributor” block. [Current Feedback Area] (f) Output Current is measured by current detection resistor. (g) High-level UOUT, VOUT and WOUT voltages are input to the “Torque Ripple Rejection” block. Here, torque ripple is rejected and the high-level voltages are adjusted (non-saturation type). (h) The low-level UOUT, VOUT and WOUT voltages are input to the “Low Voltage Control”. Then the low-level voltages are adjusted (non-saturation type). (i) The adjusted signals are synthesized with timing signal of (e) in “Distributor” block. (j) Output Currents are generated for driving a motor by “Pre Drive” and 6 power transistors. This IC performs feedback to prevent saturation of UOUT, VOUT and WOUT voltage levels. 9/46 LB11685AV Application Note Current Feedback Area U V W (j) Energization Timing Area U (a) Pre Drive (i) Output V Soft Switching Switching Control (e) Distributor W (h) U V W (b) (d) COM Start Up & Mask Timing Low Voltage Control FG (g) U V W Torque Ripple Rejection & Current Limit (f) Output Current frequency multiplier 1/n PLL filter VCO Motor Lock Detector (c) TSD Beat Lock Detector Internal CLK Power On Reset Block diagram 1-1-2. Startup mode The functions of each block when a motor is powered are explained as follows. Here, the IC is set to “Startup mode”. [Energization Timing Area] (c) During “Regular Rotation mode”, the internal CLK is generated from back-EMF. But immediately after powering the motor, there is no back-EMF without a continuous motor operation. Instead, internal CLK is generated which is dependent on an external capacitor. (d) In “Startup” block, the timing signal for startup is generated using the internal CLK as a reference. (a) The Energization Timing signal is generated from the signal in (d) in “Output Switching Control” block. (e) The signal in (a) passes through the “Soft Switching” block without adding any timing of soft-switching. In “Distributor” block, it is synthesized with current signal of each phase. (a) A motor starts rotation using this signal until Back-EMF is detected. After Back-EMF is detected, the IC is set to “Regular Rotation mode”. 10/46 LB11685AV Application Note [Current Feedback Area] (f) The IC reads an output electric current level by a resistor to monitor current. (g) “Current Limit adjusts” the output current level to use it as startup current level. (h) The low-level UOUT, VOUT and WOUT voltages are input to the “Low Voltage Control”. Then the low-level voltages are adjusted (non-saturation type). (i) The adjusted signals are combined with the timing signal of (e) in “Distributor”. (j) By the 6 power transistors via “Pre Drive”, output currents are generated to run a motor. 1-1-3. Protection function The protection functions are explained below. [Motor Lock Detector] When a motor is locked, the output is turned OFF so that the output current is NOT too high. The presence of Back-EMF determines this operation. Then the IC is set to “Motor lock mode”. After a certain period, the IC is set to “StartUp-mode” and the IC starts up again. [Thermal Shutdown] Thermal Shutdown turns off outputs when the junction temperature (Tj) exceeds180 degrees (design target), which functions as overheat protection for the IC. This function is used for the case of emergency, so please make sure that Tj is lower than 150 degrees in an application design with sufficient amount of testing. [Beat Lock Detector] When beat lock occurs during motor rotation, the IC starts up again. Beat lock detection is based on the level of the frequency of FG signal. In other words, when the frequency of FG signal is high, the IC judges that beat lock is present. [Power On Reset] When the IC is powered, the output current is turned off until the internal circuit of the IC starts operation. 11/46 LB11685AV Application Note 1-2. Timing Chart Description 1-2-1. StartUp-mode “StartUp-mode” is set when the IC starts up its operation. Assume that power is supplied at the “START” position in the chart below. After the “START” position, the IC outputs energization timing patterns for startup as shown below in each output (UOUT/VOUT/WOUT) to determine the position of a motor. Based on the timing pattern, the motor starts rotation in which IC detects back-EMF. By detecting back-EMF, the IC determines a motor position. As a result, the IC outputs energization timing which synchronizes with the motor position to the motor. This is how a motor starts rotation. Startup-mode and Regular rotation mode (Example) Note that the period between energization and detecting back-EMF (from “START” to “Detection Back-EMF”) varies at every startup. The above chart illustrates one example. After detecting back-EMF, a motor begins rotation. When a motor begins rotation and the rotation speed is faster, VCO voltage is higher. When VCO voltage is over VCOTH (2.1V (typ)), the IC judges that the motor rotation is normal and “Regular rotation mode” is set. Also, the period between back-EMF detection and the point where VCO voltage exceeds VCOTH (from “Detection Back-EMF” to “Change mode”) varies depends on a combination with a motor. During “StartUp-mode”, drive current (IRF) is low due to Soft-Start function. 12/46 LB11685AV Application Note 1-2-2. Regular rotation mode When the IC switches from “StartUp-mode” to “Regular rotation mode”, the driving current (IRF) is switched to full driving mode as shown in the chart below. Then the rotation speed increases until stabilized. Once the rotation speed is stabilized, VCO voltage is stabilized as well. In addition, the FG signal is output during “Regular rotation mode”. 1-2-3. Motor lock mode & StartUp-mode Given that a motor is locked by some factor at “Motor-Locked” position of the chart below, VCO voltage decreases because the motor is stopped. When VCO voltage is below VCOTH (2.1V (typ)), the IC is switched to “StartUp-mode”. As mentioned above, the IC outputs energization timing patterns for startup during “StartUp-mode”. During “StartUp-mode”, once the cause of motor lock is removed, the IC starts detecting back-EMF and the motor starts rotation again. As shown in the chart below, if the state of motor lock continues, the IC turns to “StartUp-mode” and outputs energization timing patterns for startup over the period of TST + TRD. After that, during the period of TRD * 7, the IC is switched to "Motor lock mode" and all the outputs are turned OFF. Then the IC is set to “StartUp-mode” and tries to restart again. As long as the cause of motor lock remains, this behavior continues. UOUT VOUT WOUT C1 C2 VCO VCOTH IRF FG RD TST TRD Motor-Locked TRD * 7 ReStart Regular-Rotation-mode ReStart StartUp-mode StartUp-mode Motor-Lock-mode Motor-Lock-mode StartUp-mode (Output current is off) Change mode Change mode Change mode TST ≒ TCX * 128 TRD = TCX * 1536 TCX is a period of the VCO output (CX-pin). Motor lock mode and StartUp-mode (Example) 13/46 LB11685AV Application Note 2. Pin detailed function 2-1. VCO pin, CX pin (a) VCO pin and CX pin are part of the "frequency multiplier" block shown the figure below. This block generates the Internal CLK which synchronizes with FG frequency. First, FG frequency is compared with the CX/48 frequency in PLL. Then the gap in pulse signal is smoothed out by LPF which consist of internal resistor and VCO capacitor (inserted between VCO-pin and SGND). The frequency of VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) is determined by a smoothed voltage (VCO-voltage) and CX capacitor (which is inserted between CX-pin and SGND), which is used as internal CLK (CX signal). This Internal CLK frequency is divided by 48 and compared with FG frequency in PLL. With the use of internal feedback loop, CX frequency is obtained as follows: CX frequency = 48 * FG frequency (FG period = 48 * CX period) In other words, the CX frequency synchronizes with FG frequency. For example, as FG-signal frequency increases, internal CLK (CX signal) and VCO voltage increases as well. Divider (1/48) Internal CLK (CX signal) CX/48 signal VCO PLL FG signal VCO pin Mode Judge CX pin Beat lock Detector (b) In addition, VCO voltage is used to switch a mode of the IC. VCO voltage (VCOIN) determines “Start-Up-mode” and “Regular rotation mode”. The threshold voltage (VCOTH) is 2.1V (typ). “StartUp-mode” is set where VCOIN < VCOTH. “Regular rotation mode” is set where VCOIN > VCOTH. (c) This IC has beat-lock protection (*) and VCO voltage is used as a basis for the judgment. When the VCO voltage is higher than the VCOBL (2.9V (typ)), the IC determined that beat-lock is present and VCO voltage is reset (VCO voltage is under the VCOTH) by decreasing current by force. And the IC restarts from “StartUp-mode”. This operation is done automatically and internally. (*) ”beat-lock” means the state where a motor stops though the motor is driven by IC. Because it sounds as "Beep", this state is called "Beat-lock". In this case, Back-EMF occurs with high frequency in a motor. Therefore, the VCO voltage rises. 14/46 LB11685AV Application Note VCO voltage [V] beat-lock detection 2.9V(typ) Regular-rotation mode 2.1V(typ) StartUp mode FG frequency [Hz] The external capacitor of LPF (the VCO capacitor) is inserted between VCO pin and SGND. The recommended value is around 1uF, but it is necessary to adjust the capacitance value according to a usage motor (for the specification of coil and blade). Hence make sure to determine a capacitance along with the operation of a usage motor. The recommended value of capacitor connected between the CX pin and SGND is 0.0068 to 0.033uF, but it is necessary to adjust the capacitance according to a usage motor. In the first testing, it is recommended to set 0.015uF. If necessary, make an adjustment based on the result. When the value of VCO capacitor is too low, VCO voltage cannot be smoothed out properly and motor rotation might be unstable. As a result, the LSI might reacts against irregular noises. On the other hand, when the value of the VCO capacitor is too high, startup characteristic gets worse because a response toward the change of rotation speed gets weaker. (For example, it takes longer for the IC to switch from “Start-Up-mode” to “Regular rotation mode”. Or a motor might have abnormal rotation.) Taking all the above factors into consideration, please confirm that VCO voltage is 2.1V <VCOIN<2.6V during "Regular rotation mode" to allow sufficient margin. 15/46 LB11685AV Application Note 2-2. C1 pin, C2 pin This IC incorporates soft switching for silent drive. Switching speed of the outputs energization is set by capacitors connected between C1 (and C2) pin and SGND, respectively. The voltage waveform of C1 and C2 is in trapezoid shape. When the slopes of trapezoid is gentle (C1 and C2 capacitances are high), the switching speed is softer. Here, note that C1 and C2 capacitances are the same and the top-side and base-side of trapezoid are flat, especially, when the RPM is high. If these two sides are not flat, the operation of a motor is unstable. 3-phase conbined Output C1 C2 IUOUT C1, C2 ： large C1, C2 ： small C1 and C2 capacitances are in proportion to CX capacitance. When CX capacitance value is changed, C1 and C2 capacitance value should be changed as well. The recommended values are C1 (=C2) = 0.7 * CX. For example, if CX=0.015uF, then C1=C2=0.010uF. But it is necessary to adjust capacitance according to usage motor (based on the specification of coil and blade). In the first testing, it is recommended to set C1 (=C2) = 0.7 * CX = 0.010uF. If necessary, make an adjustment based on the result. 16/46 LB11685AV Application Note 2-3. FC1 pin, FC2 pin By connecting a capacitor between FC1 pin and SGND, the oscillation of closed-loop current control system in upper-side outputs is preventable. Similarly, by connecting a capacitor between FC2 pin and SGND, the oscillation of closed-loop current control system in lower-side outputs is preventable. The recommended capacitance for FC1 is around 1uF, and for FC2 is around 0.1uF. But it is necessary to adjust a capacitance according to a usage motor. U V W Pre Drive Distributor U V W Low Voltage Control FC2 pin U V W Torque Ripple Rejection & Current Limit Output Current FC1 pin 17/46 LB11685AV Application Note 2-4. VOH pin The VOH voltage is used to control high level output voltage. VOH voltage is smoothed out by connecting a capacitor between VOH and VCC. The recommended value of VOH is around 1uF. But it is necessary to adjust a capacitance according to a usage motor. If speed response to the change of VCC voltage is weak, the bad response of VOH pin could be the cause. In this case, decrease the capacitance observing the waveforms. On the other hand, if motor rotation is unstable, the voltage of VOH pin maybe unstable. In this case, increase the capacitance observing the waveforms. 2-5. RF pin RF pin detects output electric current. The output current is limited by connecting a resistor between RF pin and VCC. Given that the resistance is is RRF (ohms), the maximum current IOMAX of the output is obtained as follows. IOMAX = VOLIM / RRF [A] VOLIM: current limiter setting value (=0.30V(typ)) Also, RRF[Ω] is used to set current in “StartUp-mode”. The startup current IST in “StartUp-mode” is obtained as follows. IST ＝ VSTLIM / RRF VSTLIM : startup current setting value (=0.045V(typ)) When you design a layout for PCB, please design RRF (resistor) as close as possible to RF pin and VCC and the line should be wide enough in case of high current. 2-6. FG pin & RD pin FG pin outputs a rectangular waveform in reverse to VOUT pin output. RD pin outputs operation ON / OFF signal (when the signal is ON, the signal level of RD pin is low). These pins are the open collector outputs of NPN transistor. Therefore, they should be pulled up to optimum voltage using a resistor. When this signal is unused, this pin should be open. When a pull-up resistor is used, it is recommended using a power supply voltage of a controller (which receives FG signal or RD signal). The pull-up resistors must output current lower than 3mA. When the IC detects that a motor is locked, the RD-output turns High and the IC is switched to “Motor lock mode” (3-phase-outputs are OFF). After the period of “Motor lock mode”, the IC starts up again by “StartUp-mode”. When you design a layout for PCBs in which the FG line or the RD line is long, please insert a resistor (around 100 Ohms) to protect the IC. 2-7. UOUT pin, VOUT pin & WOUT pin Depends on a combination with a motor, oscillation may occur in the outputs of three-phase circuit. In this case, please connect a capacitor of 0.1uF (0.01uF to 0.33uF) between each output pin and MCOM pin if necessary. The lines should be as wide as possible in case of high current. 2-8. MCOM pin This is an input pin for the middle point of a motor coil. When back EMF is detected, this voltage used as reference. 2-9. VCC pin In order to stabilize power supply, make sure to connect a capacitor between VCC pin and GND. The capacitance should be higher than 10uF against low-frequency noise. The recommended capacitance is approximately 0.1uF, which has good frequency characteristic. Connect the resistor as close as possible to the VCC pin to reject high-frequency noise. But optimum capacitance varies depends on a usage motor and PCB. The line should be as wide as possible in case of high current. 18/46 LB11685AV Application Note 2-10. VREG pin This is a DC output pin (3.3V). To stabilize this voltage, make sure to connect capacitor between VREG pin and SGND. This voltage is used for the internal circuits of the IC and the applications. This cannot be used as external power supply. 2-11. SGND pin & PGND pin SGND pin is used as signal GND and PGND pin is used as power-GND. SGND line and PGND line should be separated because of high current flows into PGND. And the lines should be connected at single-point GND at the ground-side of 10uF between VCC pin and GND in case of low-frequency noise. PGND line should be as wide as possible against high current. 2-12. NC pin Basically, NC pin should be left unconnected. However, if the use of NC pin is inevitable in PCB layout design, please make sure to connect with stable lines in which voltage or current should be stable with low impedance. 19/46 LB11685AV Application Note 3. How to set constants and caution Make sure to set each constant per usage motor. When constants are set, please refer to the following check list as a reference. Because this is just reference, please confirm a motor behavior to fit a motor specification, application, usage environment, temperature characteristics and tolerance really. At the power supply voltage range and the temperature range, please check the followings. The behavior of the “Regular-Rotation-mode” (confirm that a motor rotates stably and does NOT have abnormal rotation). The booting characteristic (e.g., confirm that a motor starts rotation smoothly without failure or abnormal rotation within 5 seconds.) Each voltage and current waveform (in the "Regular-rotation-mode", confirm that the VCO voltage is under 2.7V and each voltage/current waveform is normal.) The behavior when a motor is locked (confirm that the behavior of "Motor lock mode" is as appears in the timing chart for motor lock state) The startup voltage (e.g., confirm that a motor starts rotation under VCC=4V.) The thermal check (confirm that the junction temperature Tj is under 150 degrees. Please check with a PCB implemented to a motor.) The above check list is for an independent IC only. Further confirmation is required together with a usage motor under practical environment. 20/46 LB11685AV Application Note 3-1. The example of application circuit It is recommended to use the following application circuit for the initial testing to define constants. After checking the values against the operation of motor, please change the constants accordingly. C12 C10 C11 FAN MOTOR Short & Wide Short & Wide Short & Wide 1 24 2 23 3 26 Short & Wide VDD VDD R2 R3 4 21 5 20 6 19 7 18 Close to PIN R1 Short & Wide Close to PIN C9 C13 8 Recommend to insert a resistor 9 (approximately 100 ohms) , when these lines are long. Short & Wide 17 C8 C7 16 10 15 11 14 12 13 C4 C5 C6 C3 C2 C1 LB11685AV Power-GND (Short & Wide) Signal-GND 1 point GND The Example of Application Circuit The voltage of “VDD” should be used as supply voltage for controller. If FG line or RD line is too long, insert a resistor (around 100 Ohms) for IC protection. No. C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 Value 0.010uF 0.010uF 0.015uF 1uF 0.1uF 1uF The Example of Constants No. Value C7 1uF C8 0.1uF C9 10uF C10 0.1uF C11 0.1uF C12 0.1uF No. C13 R1 R2 R3 Value 0.1uF 0.3 ohms 100k ohms 100k ohms 21/46 LB11685AV Application Note 3-2. CX pin setup CX pin is part of VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator). CX pin oscillates by repeating charge and discharge under the amplitude of 0.55V (typ). This oscillation frequency is used as internal CLK of the IC. The recommended value of capacitor (C3) connected between CX pin and SGND is 0.0068 to 0.033uF, but it is necessary to adjust the capacitance according to a usage motor. In the initial testing, use the recommended value of 0.015uF. And then make an adjustment if necessary. The capacitances of C1 and C2 are in proportion to the capacitance of CX. Hence, when CX capacitance is changed, C1 and C2 capacitances are changed as well. The recommended values are C1 (=C2) = 0.7 * CX. For example, when CX=0.015uF, the capacitance of C1 and C2 are as follows: C1=C2=0.010uF. As determining a capacitance, make sure that a motor starts rotation smoothly when powered. Note that the value of capacitor influences energization timing signal. When the value of capacitor (C3) is too low, the energization timing speed becomes so fast that a motor cannot start rotation smoothly due to low torque (startup characteristic gets worse). In this case, please use a capacitor (C3) with higher value to improve startup characteristic. To use relatively larger fan with heavy load, this method should be effective. On the other hand, when a capacitance is too high, the motor rotation might be clumsy as well because back EMF is too weak. Also, it may take too long to switch from “StartUp-mode” to “Regular rotation mode” during startup. In this case, please use a capacitor with lower value. Within the VCC (RPM) range used, the VCO voltage should be between 2.1V and 2.6V in the “Regular rotation mode” in consideration of a margin. Where RPM is fixed, when a capacitor is large, then the VCO voltage is high. On the other hand, when it is small, then the VCO voltage is low. Please note that you should use a high-impedance-measurement-system when you measure the VCO voltage because the internal circuit of IC is high-impedance (around 500kOhms). In addition, a capacitor (C3) also influences the period of “Motor lock mode”. Where a capacitor is large, the period is long. Please refer to another section for the calculating formula. 3-3. RF pin setup The RRF (which is connected between the RF pin and the VCC) is used for limiting the output current at “Regular rotation mode”. The RRF is also used for setting current in “StartUp-mode”. When the Start-Up characteristic is not good because a torque is not enough for booting, please adjust the RF resistor (R1). The startup current IST of “StartUp-mode” is as follows. IST = VSTLIM / RRF VSTLIM : startup current setting value (=0.045V(typ)) VCC Regular-Rotation-mode: VOLIM =300mV StartUp-mode: VSTLIM= 45mV Regular-Rotation-mode: IOMAX= VOLIM / RRF StartUp-mode: IST = VSTLIM/ RRF RRF RCOIL [Calculation Example] Where RRF=0.5 ohms, IOMAX=300mV / 0.5Ω=600mA, IST=45mV / 0.5Ω=90mA Where RRF=0.33 ohms, IOMAX=300mV / 0.33Ω=1A, IST=45mV / 0.33Ω=135mA 22/46 LB11685AV Application Note 3-4. VCO pin setup When a motor is locked, if the behavior is unstable without shifting to “Motor lock mode”, the IC might detect falsely by noise at the Back-EMF detection. In this case, please check the output waveform and change a capacitor (C6) into a larger one. The behavior might be improved. In addition, when a capacitor is too large, the shift time from “StartUp-mode” to “Regular rotation mode” might be long at startup. In this case, please change a capacitor into a smaller one. The shift time may be shortened. 3-5. FC1 pin setup By connecting a capacitor between the FC1 pin and SGND, the oscillation of current control system which occurs in closed-loop of upper-side outputs is preventable. When a motor is locked, if the behavior is unstable without shifting to “Motor lock mode”, the IC may be under oscillation. In this case, please check the output waveform and change a capacitor (C4) into a larger one. The behavior might improve. 23/46 LB11685AV Application Note 4. Caution for assembling PCB 4-1. Example of PCB layout The example of PCB layout is shown below. Silk TOP . Pattern TOP Pattern BOTTOM Resist TOP Resist BOTTOM 24/46 LB11685AV Application Note 4-2. Route of high current The lines of high current should be as wide and short as possible. Here, the case where current passes from WOUT to UOUT is explained. The same rule applies to the line between equivalent pins. The route of large current is; the + side of the power supply -> RF resistor(R1) -> 20pin(RF) -> inside of the IC -> 23pin(WOUT) -> the coil of motor -> 1pin(UOUT) -> inside of the IC -> 4pin(PGND) -> the - side of the power supply These lines should be as wide as possible. Current direction FAN MOTOR 1 UOUT VOUT 24 WOUT 2 3 4 5 23 26 PGND 21 RF R1 20 6 VCC 19 7 18 8 17 9 16 10 15 11 14 12 13 C13 C9 25/46 LB11685AV Application Note 4-3. VCC and GND layout To stabilize the power supply, connect a capacitor between the VCC pin and GND. Connect a capacitor (C9) against low-frequency noise and a capacitor (C13) against high-frequency noise. The C13 capacitor should be connected to the pin as close as possible. The SGND is for signal-GND and the PGND is for power-GND. Divide the SGND-line and the PGND-line because the PGND bears high current. And connect these lines at one point on the ground-side of the C9 capacitor. The PGND line should be as wide as possible because high current runs through. (PCB board) VCCPAD (to connect external PowerSupply-wire) VCC line (Ideally, more wide and short) C9 (Bi-pass capacitor) Diverging GND line (Ideally, at after and near the bi-pass capacitor) PGND line (Ideally, more wide and short) SGND line GNDPAD (to connect external GND-wire) 26/46 LB11685AV Application Note 5. Thermal design Please examine thermal design thoroughly to assure that the junction temperature Tj of the IC is under 150 degrees. If Tj is over 150 degrees and it continues, it may lead to the IC destruction. 5-1. TSD (Thermal ShutDown) Function When the junction temperature Tj is over 180 degrees (typ), the TSD function works. And when the Tj is under 165 degrees (typ), the IC works again. The TSD operates under emergency. Thermal design should be examined thoroughly so that the junction temperature Tj of the IC is under 150 degrees. Active ShutDown 180(typ) Tj 15(typ) 27/46 LB11685AV Application Note 5-2. How to calculate values for thermal design 5-2-1. How to calculate Pd (under regular rotation mode) P1, power-dissipation caused by ICC, is obtained as: P1 = VCC * (ICC + IO/100) IO : Output current ICC : IC current (not of motor) Assuming that Topos is the rise-time and Toneg is the fall-time at the output switching in OUT and Tout is OUT cycle, then P2 caused by the output switching time in OUT is obtained as follows: P2 = IO/2 * (VCC-MCOM)/2 * (Topos/2/Tout + Toneg/2/Tout) * 3phase + IO/2 * MCOM/2 * (Topos/2/Tout + Toneg/2/Tout) * 3phase = IO/2 * (VCC-MCOM)/2 * 60/360 * 3 + IO/2 * MCOM/2 * 60/360 * 3 = IO * VCC * 1/8 (Assuming Topos = Toneg) P3 caused by the output is obtained as follows, P3 = Vsource(ave) * IO + Vsink * IO Vsource(ave) : The average of high level of output voltage VCC MCOM GND =60deg. =60deg. =360deg. IO GND -IO Topos = 60deg. Toneg = 60deg. Tout = 360deg. Therefore, total Pd is Pd = P1 + P2 + P3 28/46 LB11685AV Application Note [Calculation Example] In the case where VCC=16.0V, ICC=11mA, IO=0.3A, Vsource=1.5V, Vsink=0.7V, MCOM=7V, P1=VCC*(ICC+IO/100)=16V*(11mA+0.3/100)=224mW P2=IO*VCC*1/8 =0.3A*16V/8 =600mW P3=Vsource(ave)*IO + Vsink*IO =IO*(Vsource(ave)+Vsink) =0.3A*(1.5V+0.7V) =660mW Therefore, total Pd is Pd=224mW+600mW+660mW= 1.48W Io VCC Vsource(ave) VOUT GND Vsink Tout Toneg Topos approximate lines 5-2-2. How to calculate Pd (under motor lock mode) During motor lock, “StartUp-mode” and “Motor lock mode” repeat alternately. Until a motor locked is cancelled and rotates again, this behavior continues. RD TST+TRD TRD * 7 Motor-Locked ReStart TRD+a TRD * 29/3 ReStart TRD+a TRD * 29/3 ReStart TRD+a ReStart TST ≒ TCX * 128 TRD = TCX * 1536 TCX is a period of the VCO output (CX-pin). "a" is setup-time for IC depended on capacitance value of FC1 and FC2. 29/46 LB11685AV Application Note Where “a”, which is setup-time for IC, is ignored, the period of the “StartUp-mode” (TRD) is, TRD=TCX * 1536 Then the PdST (in this period) can be calculated as follows. Assuming that IST is the current in the “StartUp-mode” and RRF is the resistance value of RF, then, IST = VSTLIM / RRF VSTLIM : current limiter setting value at the “StartUp-mode” (=0.045V(typ)) VCC Regular-Rotation-mode: VOLIM =300mV StartUp-mode: VSTLIM= 45mV RRF Regular-Rotation-mode IOMAX= VOLIM / RRF StartUp-mode: IST = VSTLIM/ RRF RCOIL Assuming that RCOIL is a real part of a coil-impedance (between a phase and another phase), VCOIL is a voltage by RCOIL and IST, VIC is a remaining voltage of the IC and PdST is the Pd at “StartUp-mode” then, VCOIL = IST * RCOIL VIC = VCC - VCOIL PdST = VIC * IST + VCC * ICC = ((VCC - (VSTLIM / RRF * RCOIL)) * VSTLIM / RRF + VCC * ICC After the 2nd period of the “Motor lock mode”, the period is, TRD * 29/3 Then the PdOFF that is the Pd at this period is, PdOFF = VCC * ICC Therefore, during locking a motor, “StartUp-mode” TRD PdST = ((VCC - (VSTLIM / RRF * RCOIL)) * VSTLIM / RRF + VCC * ICC “Motor lock mode” TRD * 29/3 PdOFF = VCC * ICC are alternately repeated. [Calculation Example] In the case where VCC=16.0V, ICC=11mA, RRF=0.3 Ohms, VSTLIM = 45mV, RCOIL = 9 Ohms, then, “StartUp-mode” TRD PdST = ((16 – (0.045/0.3*9)) * 0.045/0.3 + 16*0.011 = 2.37W “Motor lock mode” TRD * 29/3 PdOFF = 16 * 0.011 = 0.18W 30/46 LB11685AV Application Note 5-2-3. The relation equation of the thermal resistance Assuming that Tj is the junction temperature, theta(jc) [W/deg.] is “Thermal resistance between junction–case”, theta(ja) [W/deg.] is “Thermal resistance between junction–ambient”, Tc is case temperature and Ta is ambient temperature. Then these parameters have following relation. Note that theta (ja) and theta (jc) vary depend on usage PCB. Tj = Pd * theta (ja) + Ta Tj = Pd * theta (jc) + Tc [Calculation Example (case1)] For example, Pd = 1.5W, theta (jc) = 20degree/W, Tc = 140degree. Then, Tj = Pd * theta (jc) + Tc = 1.5 * 20 + 140 = 170 degree When TSD operates at Tc=140degree, you can assume that Tj=170degree. Therefore, it can be assumed that ICs must be used under the temperature lower than Tc=120degree. [Calculation Example (case2)] For example, Pd = 0.5W, theta (ja) = 120degree/W, theta (jc) = 20degree/W, Ta = 25degree. Then, Tj = Pd * theta (ja) + Ta = 0.5 * 120 + 25 = 85 degree Tc = Tj – Pd * theta (jc) = 85 – 0.5 * 20 = 75 degree So, Tc = 75degree. 31/46 LB11685AV Application Note 5-3. Measurement method for junction temperature (Tj) 5-3-1. Measurement method for Tj (under regular rotation mode) After leaving well enough under Ta=25degree, please set Vcc=OFF and connect 10.5V power-supply-voltage and 330k ohms resistor between Gnd and FG. (The Gnd side is “+”.) The measurement circuit is as shown below in the figure. Please note that the GND terminal of the power-supply-voltage is NOT connected to Earth such as a case-GND. The voltage between Gnd and FG is the “Vbeo” measured by an oscilloscope. Please do not connect a resistor for the FG-PullUp. Ta=25degree open connector VCC GND 10.5V 330 kohm Vbeo FG Next, please operate the IC with “Start-Up mode” and “Regular rotation mode”. After leaving well enough, please measure the base-value voltage by an oscilloscope (One with higher absolute value) and assign “Vbe” to the value. Ta=25degree on VCC GND 10.5V 330 kohm Vbe FG Then, the junction temperature Tj is, Tj = (Vbeo – Vbe – 30mV) / 2.0427mV + 25degree [Calculation Example] In the case of Vbeo=606mV, Vbe=305mV, then, Tj = (606 – 305 – 30) / 2.0427 + 25 = 158 degree 32/46 LB11685AV Application Note 5-3-2. Measurement method for Tj (motor lock mode) Make sure to place the RD terminal of the IC outside the motor. After leaving well enough under Ta=25degree, please set Vcc=OFF and connect 10.5V power-supply-voltage and 330k ohms resistor between Gnd and RD. (The Gnd side is “+”.) The measurement circuit is shown in the figure. Please note that the GND terminal of the power-supply-voltage is NOT connected to Earth such as a case-GND. Then, the voltage between Gnd and RD is the “Vbeo” measured by an oscilloscope. Do not connect a resistor for the RD-PullUp. Ta=25degree open connector VCC GND 10.5V 330 kohm Vbeo FG RD Next, please operate the IC with “Motor lock mode”. After a while, please measure the following voltage by an oscilloscope. Immediately after the falling-edge of the RD-wave, the voltage is referred to as “Vbe1”. And immediately before the rising-edge of the RD-wave, the voltage is referred to as “Vbe2”. Ta=25degree on connector VCC GND 10.5V 330 kohm Vbe FG RD Locked Vbe1 Vbe2 Then, the junction temperature Tj is, “StartUp-mode” TRD: Tj = (Vbeo – Vbe1 – 30mV)/2.0427mV + 25degree “Motor lock mode” TRD×29/3: Tj = (Vbeo – Vbe2 – 30mV)/2.0427mV + 25degree ex) In the case where Vbeo=606mV, Vbe1=506mV, Vbe2=547mV: “StartUp-mode” TRD: Tj = (606– 506– 30)/2.0427mV + 25degree = 59 degree “Motor lock mode” TRD×29/3: Tj = (606– 547– 30)/2.0427mV + 25degree = 39 degree 33/46 LB11685AV Application Note 6. Other NOTE 6-1. Behavior without load Since the IC is used for refrigerators, it is assumed that the IC is always with load. Therefore, at NO load, the IC may repeat Start/Stop. But it is NOT because of the malfunction of the IC. When the Vcc is constant, RPM changes according to loads. With no-load, RPM rises. The VCO voltage depends on RPM. Therefore, the VCO voltage rises when RPM rises. If the VCO voltage becomes higher than 2.9V (typ), the IC judges that the motor is in a state of beat-lock and resets the VCO voltage. (The VCO voltage is lowered below 2.1V) When the Vcc rises and the VCO voltage is over 2.9V (typ) with NO load, from the above-mentioned reasons, the IC repeats Start/Stop. To check IC operation without load for a simple verification, we suggest you to check the operation with lower Vcc where the VCO voltage is lower than 2.7V for a margin. 34/46 LB11685AV Application Note A. Appendix A-1. Timing Chart (internal behavior) A-1-1. Regular rotation mode (internal behavior) 35/46 LB11685AV Application Note A-1-2. Voltage-Controlled-Oscillator (VCO) (internal behavior) CX CX pulse 8×CX pulse 3-phase combined OUTPUT VCO charge pulse VCO discharge pulse VCO The CX frequency rising according to the rise of VCO voltage. *NOTE The CX frequency falls according to the fall of VCO voltage. Charge/discharge current of C1 and C2 is modified according to the change of VCO voltage. * Colored: external input/output, Black: internal signal * 3-phase combined OUTPUT is 3 times the FG frequency. 36/46 LB11685AV Application Note A-2. How to calculate the period of “motor lock” The period of “motor lock” depends on the CX capacitor value. During “motor lock mode”, the charge and the discharge current for CX is 15uA(typ), and the voltage amplitude of CX is 0.55V(typ). Therefore, the period of CX (TCX) is TCX = (CCX * 0.55/(15 * 10-6)) * 2 = CCX * 73.3 * 103 Before the “Motor lock mode”, there is a period of the “StartUp mode” (TRD). TRD=TCX * 1536 The IC has 2 periods of the “Motor lock mode”. The 1st period : TRD * 7 After the 2nd period : TRD * 29/3 [Calculation Example (case1)] In the case where CCX = 0.01uF TCX = 0.73ms The period of the “StartUp mode” is 1.12s. The (1st) period of the “Motor lock mode” is 7.8s. [Calculation Example (case2)] In the case where CCX = 0.022uF TCX = 1.61ms The period of the “StartUp mode” is 2.48s. The (1st) period of the “Motor lock mode” is 17.3s. RD TST+TRD TRD * 7 Motor-Locked ReStart TRD+a TRD * 29/3 ReStart TRD+a TRD * 29/3 ReStart TRD+a ReStart TST ≒ TCX * 128 TRD = TCX * 1536 TCX is a period of the VCO output (CX-pin). "a" is setup-time for IC depended on capacitance value of FC1 and FC2. 37/46 LB11685AV Application Note A-3. The relational expression at the “Regular rotation mode” The CX pin is the output terminal of VCO. This pin oscillates by the repetition of the charge and the discharge. And the voltage amplitude of CX is 0.55V (typ). Assuming that CCX is a capacitor value between the CX-pin and SGND, ICX is the charge and discharge current of CX and TCX is the period of CX-oscillation. Then, TCX is, TCX 2 0.55 CCX [ Hz ](typ) I CX ICX is decided by the internal constant elements and calculated as follows. VCOin 15uA [ A] (typ ) 3 .6 k VCOin VCOin 2.1V [V ] (VCOin 2.1V ) 0 [V ] (VCOin 2.1V ) I CX Assuming that FG is the frequency of FG, N is RPM and p is the number of poles. Then FG is, FG p N [ Hz ] 2 60 Assuming that TFG is the period of FG. Then TFG is, TFG 120 pN The TFG and the TCX are the following relation by the internal constant elements. TFG 8 TCX 6 Therefore, the CCX and VCOin are the following relation. 2 0.55 CCX 120 8 I CX 6 p N 120 VCOin 2.1 15uA 6 p N 8 2 0.55 3.6k 2.27 VCOin 2.1 15uA pN 3.6k CCX The above calculation is only theoretical. It does not include temperature, dispersion, parasitic elements and so on. Therefore, please measure VCOin voltage and make sure that it is in the following relation: 2.1V < VCOin < 2.6V. In addition, the CCX capacitor value influences the behavior of the “StartUp-mode”. Therefore, please also check the behavior of the “StartUp-mode” as you define a CCX capacitor value. [Calculation Example (case1)] To verify the propriety of VCO-cap value where p=12, N=1525rpm, CCX=0.01uF, 2.27 VCOin 2.1 15 10 6 3 12 1525 3.6 10 VCOin 2.34V 0.01 10 6 The above conditions meet 2.1V < VCOin < 2.6V, therefore satisfies the limit of the VCOin voltage. [Calculation Example (case2)] To check the maximum value of CCX where p=12 and Nmax=1500, CCX CCX 2.27 2.6 2.1 15 10 6 3 12 1500 3.6 10 0.019uF CCX < 0.019uF satisfies the limit of the VCOin voltage. 38/46 LB11685AV Application Note A-4. Caution for measuring VCO voltage Because internal impedance is high in the VCO terminal (approximately 500k ohms), when you measure the VCO voltage, please use a measurement equipment with high impedance. If such high impedance equipment is not available, you can use op-amp with high impedance instead. Vcc of IC to measurement instrument GND of IC to VCO-pin 39/46 LB11685AV Application Note A-5. How to change the period of "Motor lock mode" The capacitor value of CX influences a Start-Up characteristic and a period of “Motor lock mode”. In Start-Up characteristic, the following tendencies are observed for load and capacitor value of CX. Where the CCX is small: Load of FAN is light. Where the CCX is large: Load of FAN is heavy. Also, the period of “Motor lock mode” depends on a capacitor value of the CX. Where CCX = 0.010uF: approximately 8 seconds. Where CCX = 0.015uF: approximately 12 seconds. Where CCX = 0.022uF: approximately 17 seconds. For example, for the sake of Start-Up characteristic, assume that CCX=0.015uF is set. If you wish to set the period of “Motor lock mode” for approximately 8 seconds, the period of “Motor lock mode” is configurable by the application circuit below. 9 C30 0.0047uF 10 11 14 12 13 C6 LB11685AV C3 0.010uF 0.010uF C2 0.010uF C1 to SGND 40/46 LB11685AV Application Note Evaluation Board Manual 1. Evaluation Board circuit diagram Motor connection terminal COM V U 0.1uF W 0.1uF 1 UOUT VOUT 24 2 (NC) WOUT 23 3 (NC) (NC) 26 4 PGND (NC) 21 5 MCOM RF 20 6 (NC) VCC 19 7 SGND REG 18 8 FG VOH 17 0.1uF C11 C10 C12 Monitor terminal R36 FG 100 ohm RD VCO 1uF C6 15nF LB11685AV Power supply connection terminal 0.47 ohm VCC R1 10uF 0.1uF C13 C9 0.1uF 1uF C8 C7 9 RD FC1 16 10 (NC) FC2 15 11 VCO C2 14 12 CX C1 13 1uF C4 0.1uF C5 10nF C2 10nF C3 C1 GND Bill of Materials for LB11685AV Evaluation Board Designator Quantity Description IC1 1 C1, C2 2 Motor Driver C1, C2 capacitor C3 1 C4, C6, C7 3 Value Tolerance Footprint SSOP24J (275mil) 0.01µF 50V ±5% 2012 CX capacitor FC1, VCO, VOH capacitor FC2, VREG capacitor, Motor noise reduction capacitor VCC Bypass capacitor 0.015µF 50V ±5% 2012 1µF 10V ±10% 1608 0.47Ω,0.5W ±1% 3225 100Ω,0.1W ±5% 1608 C5, C8, C10-C13 6 C9 1 R1 1 R36 1 RF resistor FG protection resistor TP1, TP2 9 Test points Manufacturer Substitution Allowed Manufacturer Part Number ON Semiconductor LB11685AV No GRM2192C1H MURATA 103JA01D yes GRM2192C1H MURATA 153JA01D yes GRM188R71A MURATA 105KA61D yes ±10% 1608 0.1µF 25V 10µF 50V MURATA Electronic Industries GRM188R11E 104KA01D Lead Free yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes KOA 50ME10HC MCR25JZHFL R470 RK73B1JT101 J yes yes MAC8 ST-1-3 yes yes ROHM 41/46 LB11685AV Application Note Osclloscope CURRENT PROBE AMPLIFIER1 PROBE INPUT OUTPUT FAN Motor Multimeter Power supply 100k ohms resistor Test circuit Pdmax - Ta 42/46 LB11685AV Application Note 2. Test Procedure 2-1. Connect the test setup as shown above. 2-2. Initial check Boot up at the VCC = 4.5V. Confirm that the motor rotates smoothly and in a right direction. 2-3. Booting check (StartUp-mode) Check whether a booting of a motor is stable. (Booting) Boot up at the VCC = 4.5V and 18V. Then, at each VCC, check whether a motor boots 100 times out of 100times. Check lowest VCC which a motor can start. (StartUp voltage) Boot up at the VCC by 0.1V step from 2.5V to 4.5V. When the VCC is changed, turn it off once. The lowest voltage which a motor can boot is the StartUp voltage. Check whether this StartUp voltage is less than 4.0V. Check the some waveforms. (Booting waveforms) Boot up at the VCC =12V. Check the V, FG and VCO voltage waveform at scope CH1, CH2 and CH3, and the output current waveform of V at scope CH4 by the Oscilloscope. ex) These waveforms are different per motor. StartUp-mode T=0.5s/div V 5V/div VCO 0.5V/div FG 10V/div Current of V 0.5A/div Turn on the power supply 43/46 LB11685AV Application Note 2-4. Normal rotation check (Regular rotation mode) Check some waveforms. (Rotation waveforms) Supply the VCC=12V. Check the V, FG and VCO voltage waveform at scope CH1, CH2 and CH3, and the output current waveform of V at scope CH4 by the oscilloscope. ex) These waveforms are different per motor. Regular-Rotation-mode T=2ms/div V 5V/div VCO 0.5V/div FG 10V/div Current of V 200mA/div Check VCO voltage. (VCO voltage) Supply VCC=4.5V and 18V. At each VCC, check the VCO voltage by a multimeter whether the voltage is within 2.10V and 2.7V at Normal Rotation (Regular rotation mode). Check the output current. (Io) Supply the VCC=4.5V and 18V. At each VCC, check the current of the power supply. 2-5. Lock detection check (Motor lock mode) Check the Lock detection behavior. (Lock) Supply the VCC=4.5V, 12V and 18V. At each VCC, stop the Motor manually. Then, check the V, FG and VCO voltage waveform at scope CH1, CH2 and CH3, and the output current waveform of V at scope CH4 by the Oscilloscope. ex) These waveforms are different per motor. Motor-Lock-mode T=0.5s/div V 5V/div VCO 0.5V/div FG 10V/div Current of V 0.5A/div The Motor is stopped 44/46 LB11685AV Application Note 2-6. Evaluation result The evaluation table is shown below. VCC Booting 4.5V 100/100 OK 12V 18V 100/100 OK StartUp voltage < 4.0V : OK Booting waveforms OK - Rotation waveforms OK - VCO voltage 2.10 to 2.70V OK 2.10 to 2.70V OK Io value value Lock OK OK OK Rotation waveforms OK - VCO voltage 2.16V 2.58V Io 0.03A 0.20A Lock OK OK OK A sample of evaluation result is shown below. VCC Booting 4.5V 100/100 12V 18V 100/100 StartUp voltage = 3.2V Booting waveforms OK - 45/46 LB11685AV Application Note ON Semiconductor and the ON logo are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of SCILLC’s product/patent coverage may be accessed at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/Patent-Marking.pdf. SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. This literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner. 46/46