SMART ARM-based Microcontrollers
AT03248: SAM D/R/L/C Port (PORT) Driver
APPLICATION NOTE
Introduction
®
®
This driver for Atmel | SMART ARM -based microcontrollers provides an
interface for the configuration and management of the device's General
Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pin functionality, for manual pin state reading
and writing.
The following peripheral is used by this module:
•
PORT (GPIO Management)
The following devices can use this module:
•
Atmel | SMART SAM D20/D21
•
Atmel | SMART SAM R21
•
Atmel | SMART SAM D09/D10/D11
•
Atmel | SMART SAM L21/L22
•
Atmel | SMART SAM DA1
•
Atmel | SMART SAM C20/C21
The outline of this documentation is as follows:
•
Prerequisites
•
Module Overview
•
Special Considerations
•
Extra Information
•
Examples
•
API Overview
Atmel-42113E-SAM-Port-Driver_AT03248_Application Note-12/2015
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................1
1. Software License....................................................................................................... 4
2. Prerequisites..............................................................................................................5
3. Module Overview....................................................................................................... 6
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
Driver Feature Macro Definition....................................................................................................6
Physical and Logical GPIO Pins...................................................................................................6
Physical Connection.....................................................................................................................6
4. Special Considerations.............................................................................................. 7
5. Extra Information....................................................................................................... 8
6. Examples................................................................................................................... 9
7. API Overview........................................................................................................... 10
7.1.
7.2.
7.3.
7.4.
Structure Definitions................................................................................................................... 10
7.1.1.
Struct port_config.........................................................................................................10
7.1.2.
Struct port_input_event_config.................................................................................... 10
Macro Definitions........................................................................................................................10
7.2.1.
Driver Feature Definition..............................................................................................10
7.2.2.
PORT Alias Macros..................................................................................................... 10
Function Definitions.................................................................................................................... 11
7.3.1.
State Reading/Writing (Physical Group Orientated).....................................................11
7.3.2.
Configuration and Initialization.....................................................................................13
7.3.3.
State Reading/Writing (Logical Pin Orientated)........................................................... 14
7.3.4.
Port Input Event........................................................................................................... 15
Enumeration Definitions............................................................................................................. 17
7.4.1.
Enum port_input_event................................................................................................17
7.4.2.
7.4.3.
7.4.4.
Enum port_input_event_action.................................................................................... 17
Enum port_pin_dir....................................................................................................... 17
Enum port_pin_pull......................................................................................................17
8. Extra Information for PORT Driver...........................................................................19
8.1.
8.2.
8.3.
8.4.
Acronyms....................................................................................................................................19
Dependencies.............................................................................................................................19
Errata..........................................................................................................................................19
Module History............................................................................................................................19
9. Examples for PORT Driver...................................................................................... 20
9.1.
Quick Start Guide for PORT - Basic........................................................................................... 20
9.1.1.
Setup........................................................................................................................... 20
9.1.2.
Use Case..................................................................................................................... 21
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10. Document Revision History..................................................................................... 22
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1.
Software License
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided
that the following conditions are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. The name of Atmel may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
specific prior written permission.
4. This software may only be redistributed and used in connection with an Atmel microcontroller product.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ATMEL "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT ARE EXPRESSLY AND SPECIFICALLY
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL ATMEL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGE.
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2.
Prerequisites
There are no prerequisites for this module.
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3.
Module Overview
The device GPIO (PORT) module provides an interface between the user application logic and external
hardware peripherals, when general pin state manipulation is required. This driver provides an easy-touse interface to the physical pin input samplers and output drivers, so that pins can be read from or
written to for general purpose external hardware control.
3.1.
Driver Feature Macro Definition
Driver Feature Macro
Supported devices
FEATURE_PORT_INPUT_EVENT
SAM L21/L22/C20/C21
Note: The specific features are only available in the driver when the selected device supports those
features.
3.2.
Physical and Logical GPIO Pins
SAM devices use two naming conventions for the I/O pins in the device; one physical and one logical.
Each physical pin on a device package is assigned both a physical port and pin identifier (e.g. "PORTA.
0") as well as a monotonically incrementing logical GPIO number (e.g. "GPIO0"). While the former is used
to map physical pins to their physical internal device module counterparts, for simplicity the design of this
driver uses the logical GPIO numbers instead.
3.3.
Physical Connection
Figure 3-1 Physical Connection on page 6 shows how this module is interconnected within the device.
Figure 3-1. Physical Connection
Port Pad
Peripheral MUX
GPIO Module
Other Peripheral Modules
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4.
Special Considerations
The SAM port pin input sampler can be disabled when the pin is configured in pure output mode to save
power; reading the pin state of a pin configured in output-only mode will read the logical output state that
was last set.
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5.
Extra Information
For extra information, see Extra Information for PORT Driver. This includes:
•
Acronyms
•
Dependencies
•
Errata
•
Module History
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6.
Examples
For a list of examples related to this driver, see Examples for PORT Driver.
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7.
API Overview
7.1.
Structure Definitions
7.1.1.
Struct port_config
Configuration structure for a port pin instance. This structure should be initialized by the
port_get_config_defaults() function before being modified by the user application.
Table 7-1. Members
Type
Name
Description
enum port_pin_dir
direction
Port buffer input/output direction
enum port_pin_pull input_pull
bool
Port pull-up/pull-down for input pins
powersave Enable lowest possible powerstate on the pin
Note: All other configurations will be ignored, the pin will be disabled.
7.1.2.
Struct port_input_event_config
Configuration structure for a port input event.
Table 7-2. Members
Type
Name
Description
enum port_input_event_action
action
Port input event action
uint8_t
gpio_pin
GPIO pin
7.2.
Macro Definitions
7.2.1.
Driver Feature Definition
Define port features set according to different device family.
7.2.1.1.
Macro FEATURE_PORT_INPUT_EVENT
#define FEATURE_PORT_INPUT_EVENT
Event input control feature support for PORT group.
7.2.2.
PORT Alias Macros
7.2.2.1.
Macro PORTA
#define PORTA
Convenience definition for GPIO module group A on the device (if available).
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7.2.2.2.
Macro PORTB
#define PORTB
Convenience definition for GPIO module group B on the device (if available).
7.2.2.3.
Macro PORTC
#define PORTC
Convenience definition for GPIO module group C on the device (if available).
7.2.2.4.
Macro PORTD
#define PORTD
Convenience definition for GPIO module group D on the device (if available).
7.3.
Function Definitions
7.3.1.
State Reading/Writing (Physical Group Orientated)
7.3.1.1.
Function port_get_group_from_gpio_pin()
Retrieves the PORT module group instance from a given GPIO pin number.
PortGroup * port_get_group_from_gpio_pin(
const uint8_t gpio_pin)
Retrieves the PORT module group instance associated with a given logical GPIO pin number.
Table 7-3. Parameters
Data direction
Parameter name
Description
[in]
gpio_pin
Index of the GPIO pin to convert
Returns
Base address of the associated PORT module.
7.3.1.2.
Function port_group_get_input_level()
Retrieves the state of a group of port pins that are configured as inputs.
uint32_t port_group_get_input_level(
const PortGroup *const port,
const uint32_t mask)
Reads the current logic level of a port module's pins and returns the current levels as a bitmask.
Table 7-4. Parameters
Data direction
Parameter name
Description
[in]
port
Base of the PORT module to read from
[in]
mask
Mask of the port pin(s) to read
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Returns
Status of the port pin(s) input buffers.
7.3.1.3.
Function port_group_get_output_level()
Retrieves the state of a group of port pins that are configured as outputs.
uint32_t port_group_get_output_level(
const PortGroup *const port,
const uint32_t mask)
Reads the current logical output level of a port module's pins and returns the current levels as a bitmask.
Table 7-5. Parameters
Data direction
Parameter name
Description
[in]
port
Base of the PORT module to read from
[in]
mask
Mask of the port pin(s) to read
Returns
Status of the port pin(s) output buffers.
7.3.1.4.
Function port_group_set_output_level()
Sets the state of a group of port pins that are configured as outputs.
void port_group_set_output_level(
PortGroup *const port,
const uint32_t mask,
const uint32_t level_mask)
Sets the current output level of a port module's pins to a given logic level.
Table 7-6. Parameters
7.3.1.5.
Data direction
Parameter name
Description
[out]
port
Base of the PORT module to write to
[in]
mask
Mask of the port pin(s) to change
[in]
level_mask
Mask of the port level(s) to set
Function port_group_toggle_output_level()
Toggles the state of a group of port pins that are configured as an outputs.
void port_group_toggle_output_level(
PortGroup *const port,
const uint32_t mask)
Toggles the current output levels of a port module's pins.
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Table 7-7. Parameters
Data direction
Parameter name
Description
[out]
port
Base of the PORT module to write to
[in]
mask
Mask of the port pin(s) to toggle
7.3.2.
Configuration and Initialization
7.3.2.1.
Function port_get_config_defaults()
Initializes a Port pin/group configuration structure to defaults.
void port_get_config_defaults(
struct port_config *const config)
Initializes a given Port pin/group configuration structure to a set of known default values. This function
should be called on all new instances of these configuration structures before being modified by the user
application.
The default configuration is as follows:
•
Input mode with internal pull-up enabled
Table 7-8. Parameters
7.3.2.2.
Data direction
Parameter name
Description
[out]
config
Configuration structure to initialize to default values
Function port_pin_set_config()
Writes a Port pin configuration to the hardware module.
void port_pin_set_config(
const uint8_t gpio_pin,
const struct port_config *const config)
Writes out a given configuration of a Port pin configuration to the hardware module.
Note: If the pin direction is set as an output, the pull-up/pull-down input configuration setting is ignored.
Table 7-9. Parameters
7.3.2.3.
Data direction
Parameter name
Description
[in]
gpio_pin
Index of the GPIO pin to configure
[in]
config
Configuration settings for the pin
Function port_group_set_config()
Writes a Port group configuration group to the hardware module.
void port_group_set_config(
PortGroup *const port,
const uint32_t mask,
const struct port_config *const config)
Writes out a given configuration of a Port group configuration to the hardware module.
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Note: If the pin direction is set as an output, the pull-up/pull-down input configuration setting is ignored.
Table 7-10. Parameters
Data direction
Parameter name
Description
[out]
port
Base of the PORT module to write to
[in]
mask
Mask of the port pin(s) to configure
[in]
config
Configuration settings for the pin group
7.3.3.
State Reading/Writing (Logical Pin Orientated)
7.3.3.1.
Function port_pin_get_input_level()
Retrieves the state of a port pin that is configured as an input.
bool port_pin_get_input_level(
const uint8_t gpio_pin)
Reads the current logic level of a port pin and returns the current level as a Boolean value.
Table 7-11. Parameters
Data direction
Parameter name
Description
[in]
gpio_pin
Index of the GPIO pin to read
Returns
Status of the port pin's input buffer.
7.3.3.2.
Function port_pin_get_output_level()
Retrieves the state of a port pin that is configured as an output.
bool port_pin_get_output_level(
const uint8_t gpio_pin)
Reads the current logical output level of a port pin and returns the current level as a Boolean value.
Table 7-12. Parameters
Data direction
Parameter name
Description
[in]
gpio_pin
Index of the GPIO pin to read
Returns
Status of the port pin's output buffer.
7.3.3.3.
Function port_pin_set_output_level()
Sets the state of a port pin that is configured as an output.
void port_pin_set_output_level(
const uint8_t gpio_pin,
const bool level)
Sets the current output level of a port pin to a given logic level.
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Table 7-13. Parameters
7.3.3.4.
Data direction
Parameter name
Description
[in]
gpio_pin
Index of the GPIO pin to write to
[in]
level
Logical level to set the given pin to
Function port_pin_toggle_output_level()
Toggles the state of a port pin that is configured as an output.
void port_pin_toggle_output_level(
const uint8_t gpio_pin)
Toggles the current output level of a port pin.
Table 7-14. Parameters
Data direction
Parameter name
Description
[in]
gpio_pin
Index of the GPIO pin to toggle
7.3.4.
Port Input Event
7.3.4.1.
Function port_enable_input_event()
Enable the port event input.
enum status_code port_enable_input_event(
const uint8_t gpio_pin,
const enum port_input_event n)
Enable the port event input with the given pin and event.
Table 7-15. Parameters
Data direction
Parameter name
Description
[in]
gpio_pin
Index of the GPIO pin
[in]
n
Port input event
Table 7-16. Return Values
7.3.4.2.
Return value
Description
STATUS_ERR_INVALID_ARG
Invalid parameter
STATUS_OK
Successfully
Function port_disable_input_event()
Disable the port event input.
enum status_code port_disable_input_event(
const uint8_t gpio_pin,
const enum port_input_event n)
Disable the port event input with the given pin and event.
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Table 7-17. Parameters
Data direction
Parameter name
Description
[in]
gpio_pin
Index of the GPIO pin
[in]
gpio_pin
Port input event
Table 7-18. Return Values
7.3.4.3.
Return value
Description
STATUS_ERR_INVALID_ARG
Invalid parameter
STATUS_OK
Successfully
Function port_input_event_get_config_defaults()
Retrieve the default configuration for port input event.
void port_input_event_get_config_defaults(
struct port_input_event_config *const config)
Fills a configuration structure with the default configuration for port input event:
•
Event output to pin
•
Event action to be executed on PIN 0
Table 7-19. Parameters
7.3.4.4.
Data direction
Parameter name
Description
[out]
config
Configuration structure to fill with default values
Function port_input_event_set_config()
Configure port input event.
enum status_code port_input_event_set_config(
const enum port_input_event n,
struct port_input_event_config *const config)
Configures port input event with the given configuration settings.
Table 7-20. Parameters
Data direction Parameter name
Description
[in]
Port input even configuration structure containing the new config
config
Table 7-21. Return Values
Return value
Description
STATUS_ERR_INVALID_ARG
Invalid parameter
STATUS_OK
Successfully
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7.4.
Enumeration Definitions
7.4.1.
Enum port_input_event
List of port input events.
Table 7-22. Members
7.4.2.
Enum value
Description
PORT_INPUT_EVENT_0
Port input event 0
PORT_INPUT_EVENT_1
Port input event 1
PORT_INPUT_EVENT_2
Port input event 2
PORT_INPUT_EVENT_3
Port input event 3
Enum port_input_event_action
List of port input events action on pin.
Table 7-23. Members
7.4.3.
Enum value
Description
PORT_INPUT_EVENT_ACTION_OUT
Event out to pin
PORT_INPUT_EVENT_ACTION_SET
Set output register of pin on event
PORT_INPUT_EVENT_ACTION_CLR
Clear output register pin on event
PORT_INPUT_EVENT_ACTION_TGL
Toggle output register pin on event
Enum port_pin_dir
Enum for the possible pin direction settings of the port pin configuration structure, to indicate the direction
the pin should use.
Table 7-24. Members
Enum value
Description
PORT_PIN_DIR_INPUT
The pin's input buffer should be enabled, so that the pin
state can be read
PORT_PIN_DIR_OUTPUT
The pin's output buffer should be enabled, so that the
pin state can be set
PORT_PIN_DIR_OUTPUT_WTH_READBACK The pin's output and input buffers should be enabled,
so that the pin state can be set and read back
7.4.4.
Enum port_pin_pull
Enum for the possible pin pull settings of the port pin configuration structure, to indicate the type of logic
level pull the pin should use.
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Table 7-25. Members
Enum value
Description
PORT_PIN_PULL_NONE
No logical pull should be applied to the pin
PORT_PIN_PULL_UP
Pin should be pulled up when idle
PORT_PIN_PULL_DOWN
Pin should be pulled down when idle
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8.
Extra Information for PORT Driver
8.1.
Acronyms
Below is a table listing the acronyms used in this module, along with their intended meanings.
8.2.
Acronym
Description
GPIO
General Purpose Input/Output
MUX
Multiplexer
Dependencies
This driver has the following dependencies:
•
8.3.
System Pin Multiplexer Driver
Errata
There are no errata related to this driver.
8.4.
Module History
An overview of the module history is presented in the table below, with details on the enhancements and
fixes made to the module since its first release. The current version of this corresponds to the newest
version in the table.
Changelog
Added input event feature
Initial release
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9.
Examples for PORT Driver
This is a list of the available Quick Start guides (QSGs) and example applications for SAM Port (PORT)
Driver. QSGs are simple examples with step-by-step instructions to configure and use this driver in a
selection of use cases. Note that a QSG can be compiled as a standalone application or be added to the
user application.
•
9.1.
Quick Start Guide for PORT - Basic
Quick Start Guide for PORT - Basic
In this use case, the PORT module is configured for:
•
One pin in input mode, with pull-up enabled
•
One pin in output mode
This use case sets up the PORT to read the current state of a GPIO pin set as an input, and mirrors the
opposite logical state on a pin configured as an output.
9.1.1.
Setup
9.1.1.1.
Prerequisites
There are no special setup requirements for this use-case.
9.1.1.2.
Code
Copy-paste the following setup code to your user application:
void configure_port_pins(void)
{
struct port_config config_port_pin;
port_get_config_defaults(&config_port_pin);
config_port_pin.direction = PORT_PIN_DIR_INPUT;
config_port_pin.input_pull = PORT_PIN_PULL_UP;
port_pin_set_config(BUTTON_0_PIN, &config_port_pin);
}
config_port_pin.direction = PORT_PIN_DIR_OUTPUT;
port_pin_set_config(LED_0_PIN, &config_port_pin);
Add to user application initialization (typically the start of main()):
configure_port_pins();
9.1.1.3.
Workflow
1.
Create a PORT module pin configuration struct, which can be filled out to adjust the configuration of
a single port pin.
struct port_config config_port_pin;
2.
Initialize the pin configuration struct with the module's default values.
port_get_config_defaults(&config_port_pin);
Note: This should always be performed before using the configuration struct to ensure that all
values are initialized to known default settings.
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3.
Adjust the configuration struct to request an input pin.
config_port_pin.direction = PORT_PIN_DIR_INPUT;
config_port_pin.input_pull = PORT_PIN_PULL_UP;
4.
Configure push button pin with the initialized pin configuration struct, to enable the input sampler on
the pin.
port_pin_set_config(BUTTON_0_PIN, &config_port_pin);
5.
Adjust the configuration struct to request an output pin.
config_port_pin.direction = PORT_PIN_DIR_OUTPUT;
6.
Note: The existing configuration struct may be re-used, as long as any values that have been
altered from the default settings are taken into account by the user application.
Configure LED pin with the initialized pin configuration struct, to enable the output driver on the pin.
port_pin_set_config(LED_0_PIN, &config_port_pin);
9.1.2.
Use Case
9.1.2.1.
Code
Copy-paste the following code to your user application:
while (true) {
bool pin_state = port_pin_get_input_level(BUTTON_0_PIN);
}
9.1.2.2.
port_pin_set_output_level(LED_0_PIN, !pin_state);
Workflow
1.
Read in the current input sampler state of push button pin, which has been configured as an input
in the use-case setup code.
bool pin_state = port_pin_get_input_level(BUTTON_0_PIN);
2.
Write the inverted pin level state to LED pin, which has been configured as an output in the usecase setup code.
port_pin_set_output_level(LED_0_PIN, !pin_state);
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10.
Document Revision History
Doc. Rev. Date
Comments
42113E
12/2015 Added input event feature. Added support for SAM L21/L22, SAM C21, SAM D09,
and SAM DA1.
42113D
12/2014 Added support for SAM R21 and SAM D10/D11
42113C
01/2014 Added support for SAM D21
42113B
06/2013 Corrected documentation typos
42113A
06/2013 Initial document release
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