SIEMENS Automation & Drives Technical Support Information No. 97 November 2003 Process Instrumentation and Analytics - A&D PI 2 - Karlsruhe Page 1 of 2 Information zu / to Maxum’s Verhaltensweise nach Stromausfall Zusammenfassung Der Maxum II Analysator arbeitet mit 110 bzw. 220 Volt Wechselstrom und 50-60 Hz. Die Spannunstoleranz beträgt ca. +/- 10%. Die Leistungsaufnahme beträgt ca. 300 W für die Elektronik und 1000 W max. für jede zusätzliche Ofen-Heizung. Im stationären Zustand beträgt der Leistungsverbrauch nach dem Anlauf ca. 400 W für jede zusätzliche Ofeneinheit. Es können ein bis zwei Stromkreise für die Ofen-Heizungen und ein separater Stromkreis für die Elektronik verwendet werden. Die Elektronik des Maxum verkraftet Strom-Unterbrechungen von 16 mS (bei 60 Hz) bzw. 20 mS (bei 50 Hz), Unterbrechungen von längerer Dauer führen zu einer Rücksetzung der Elektronik. Im Folgenden wird beschrieben welches Verhalten das Analysengerät bei Stromausfall und bei Wiederherstellung der Stromversorgung aufzeigt. Maxum Power Fail Behavior 1.] The Maxum Chromatograph requires AC Power to operate. Power requirement is specified as either 110vac or 220vac and 50-60 Hz. Voltage tolerance is approximately +/- 10%. Power consumption is approximately 300 Watts for the electronics and 1000 Watts maximum for each oven heater supplied. Steady-state power consumption after warm-up is approximately 400 Watts for each oven heater supplied. (Note, these values are approximate and are suitable for planning purposes. Exact requirements vary for each application and are specified on a custom basis in the documentation for each analyzer when it is shipped.) 2.] The AC Power Source may be divided into separate circuits if desired during installation. One or two circuits can be used for the oven heaters and a separate circuit can be used for the electronics. This is some times desirable if the AC Power Source is unreliable and a user desires to use an "Uninterruptible Power Supply" for the control electronics. (Note, of course a UPS can also be used for the oven heaters. However, for brief power interruptions, this is usually not necessary and because of the high power consumption of the heaters, UPS is usually expensive.) 3.] Maxum electronics will accommodate power interruptions of 1 AC cycle or less. For 60 Hz power, this is about 16mS and for 50 Hz power, this is about 20mS. Power interruptions of longer duration will cause the electronics to "Reset". This means that the chromatograph will first go to is "power lost" condition (see item 4 below) and will then go through its "power restore" process (see item 5 below). 4.] If power is lost, the following behavior occurs (typical): A) Oven heaters are turned off. This means ovens will begin to cool down. If power is out for more than a few seconds, it may require several minutes for the ovens to warm up again when power is restored. B) Electronic Pressure Controllers are turned off. This means that carrier gases stop flowing. It also means that fuel and air for any Flame Ionization or Flame Photometric Detectors (if used) is turned off. This means that the flames inside these detectors will go out. These may automatically reignite later or may need to be manually reignited. Note, in some applications, carrier gas or fuel gas may be controlled by mechanical regulators. In these cases, the gases will continue to flow. C) The Sample Shut Off valves are actuated. This means that plant or calibration sample coming to the analyzer are turned off. D) All chromatographic oven valves are de-activated. This means that the state of the chromatographic column switching arrangement goes to its "default" configuration. For applications using Model 50 valves, © SIEMENS AG Karlsruhe A&D PI 2 AS 2 Niko Benas Tel. +49 721 595 7216, Fax 595 6564 SIEMENS Automation & Drives Technical Support Information No. 97 November 2003 Process Instrumentation and Analytics - A&D PI 2 - Karlsruhe Page 2 of 2 all ports become "open" and all gas lines are interconnected. In some applications, the "default" configuration is a "backflush" configuration so that sample gases will be flushed backwards out of chromatograph columns. However the "default" configuration cannot be precisely specified and it varies in different applications. E) All electronic discrete input and output channels go to their default condition. This means that serial communications stop immediately; network communications are discontinued; relays or digital outputs turn "off" and analog output signals go to 0 milliamps. F) The behavior just described (in point E) can be used to provide a remote indication of power loss, if desired. A digital output relay can be activated automatically when power is applied and its contacts can be monitored at a remote location. Then, when power is lost, the relay goes off causing its contacts to change state. G) If an analysis cycle was in progress when power was lost, it is abruptly discontinued. 5.] When power is restored, the following behavior occurs (typical): A) The digital electronics including the computer controllers reset and go through a self-test sequence. This requires about 45 seconds. B) A system Power Fail Alarm is generated. This can be used to activate discrete I/O devices (such as output relays) or it can be used to send alarm messages to a printer, a Host Control Computer, or any other device on the analyzer network. The Power Fail Alarm can also be used to initiate custom programming if any special actions are desired. C) All Electronic Pressure Controllers are forced to go to their reset conditions. This is usually "off", meaning no pressure is applied. D) Oven heaters are restored and ovens begin to warm up to their previous set point temperatures. E) All input and output channels go to their reset conditions. F) If an analysis cycle was in progress when power was lost, it is caused to resume at the same cycle time it was in when power was lost. This means that all valve and programming functions relating to the chromatograph application are caused to "complete" the remainder of the cycle. Therefore, any gases which are trapped in columns at the time of power loss are flushed on out of the columns. G) When any current cycle is ended, the analyzer automatically resumes a new cycle. The new analysis cycle may be started immediately - or, if desired, the start can be delayed until the ovens return to normal operating temperature. H) Flame Ionization Detectors and Flame Photometric detectors attempt to automatically relight themselves. I) Once analysis cycles restart, the analyzer will attempt to resume normal operation. If there are no other failures, data reporting will resume automatically. 6.] During a power failure or system reset, only the single analyzer affected will reset. No other analyzers or input or output devices on the analyzer network will be affected. The network itself will continue to operate normally. © SIEMENS AG Karlsruhe A&D PI 2 AS 2 Niko Benas Tel. +49 721 595 7216, Fax 595 6564 17 HFBR-14X4 Output Power Measured Out of 1 Meter of Cable Parameter 50/125 µm Fiber Cable NA = 0.2 Symbol PT50 62.5/125 µm Fiber Cable NA = 0.275 PT62 100/140 µm Fiber Cable NA = 0.3 PT100 200 µm HCS Fiber Cable NA = 0.37 PT200 Min. -18.8 -19.8 -17.3 -18.9 -15.0 -16.0 -13.5 -15.1 -9.5 -10.5 -8.0 -9.6 -5.2 -6.2 -3.7 -5.3 Typ.[2] -15.8 -13.8 -12.0 -10.0 -6.5 -4.5 -3.7 -1.7 Max. -13.8 -12.8 -11.4 -10.8 -10.0 -9.0 -7.6 -7.0 -4.5 -3.5 -2.1 -1.5 +0.8 +1.8 +3.2 +3.8 Unit dBm peak dBm peak dBm peak dBm peak Conditions TA = 25°C IF = 60 mA dc TA = 25°C IF = 100 mA dc TA = 25°C IF = 60 mA dc TA = 25°C IF = 100 mA dc TA = 25°C IF = 60 mA dc TA = 25°C IF = 100 mA dc TA = 25°C IF = 60 mA dc TA = 25°C IF = 100 mA dc Reference Notes 5, 6, 9 14X2/14X4 Dynamic Characteristics Parameter Rise Time, Fall Time (10% to 90%) Rise Time, Fall Time (10% to 90%) Pulse Width Distortion Symbol tr, tf Min. Typ. [2] 4.0 Max. 6.5 tr, tf 3.0 Units nsec No Pre-bias nsec PWD 0.5 nsec Conditions IF = 60 mA Figure 12 IF = 10 to 100 mA Reference Note 7, Note 7, Figure 11 Figure 11 Notes: 1. For I FPK > 100 mA, the time duration should not exceed 2 ns. 2. Typical data at TA = 25°C. 3. Thermal resistance is measured with the transmitter coupled to a connector assembly and mounted on a printed circuit board. 4. D is measured at the plane of the fiber face and defines a diameter where the optical power density is within 10 dB of the maximum. 5. PT is measured with a large area detector at the end of 1 meter of mode stripped cable, with an ST® precision ceramic ferrule (MILSTD-83522/13) for HFBR-1412/1414, and with an SMA 905 precision ceramic ferrule for HFBR-1402/1404. 6. When changing µW to dBm, the optical power is referenced to 1 mW (1000 µW). Optical Power P (dBm) = 10 log P (µW)/1000 µW. 7. Pre-bias is recommended if signal rate >10 MBd, see recommended drive circuit in Figure 11. 8. Pins 2, 6 and 7 are welded to the anode header connection to minimize the thermal resistance from junction to ambient. To further reduce the thermal resistance, the anode trace should be made as large as is consistent with good RF circuit design. 9. Fiber NA is measured at the end of 2 meters of mode stripped fiber, using the far-field pattern. NA is defined as the sine of the half angle,determined at 5% of the peak intensity point. When using other manufacturer’s fiber cable, results will vary due to differing NA values and specification methods. All HFBR-14XX LED transmitters are classified as IEC 825-1 Accessible Emission Limit (AEL) Class 1 based upon the current proposed draft scheduled to go in to effect on January 1, 1997. AEL Class 1 LED devices are considered eye safe. See Hewlett-Packard Application Note XXXXX for more information. CAUTION: The small junction sizes inherent to the design of these components increase the components’ susceptibility to damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD). It is advised that normal static precautions be taken in handling and assembly of these components to prevent damage and/or degradation which may be induced by ESD.