dm00104451

PM0223
Programming manual
STM32L0 Series Cortex®-M0+ programming manual
Introduction
This programming manual provides information for application and system-level software
developers. It gives a full description of the STM32L0 Cortex®-M0+ processor programming
model, instruction set and core peripherals.
The STM32L0 Cortex®-M0+ processor is a high performance 32-bit processor designed for
the microcontroller market. It offers significant benefits to developers, including:
•
Outstanding processing performance combined with fast interrupt handling
•
Enhanced system debug with extensive breakpoint
•
Efficient processor core, system and memories
•
Ultra-low power consumption with integrated sleep modes
•
Platform security
Table 1. Applicable products
Type
Microcontrollers
April 2014
Part numbers
STM32L0 Series
DocID025763 Rev 1
1/110
www.st.com
Contents
PM0223
Contents
1
2
About this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.1
Typographical conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.2
List of abbreviations for registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3
About the STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor and core peripherals . . . . . . . 9
1.3.1
System-level interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.3.2
Integrated configurable debug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.3.3
STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor features summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.3.4
STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ core peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Programmers model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.1.1
Processor modes and privilege levels for software execution . . . . . . . . 12
2.1.2
Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.1.3
Core registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.1.4
Exceptions and interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.1.5
Data types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.1.6
The Cortex Microcontroller Software Interface Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Memory model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.2.1
Memory regions, types and attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.2.2
Memory system ordering of memory accesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.2.3
Behavior of memory accesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.2.4
Additional memory access constraints for caches and shared memory 23
2.2.5
Software ordering of memory accesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2.6
Memory endianness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Exception model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.3.1
Exception states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.3.2
Exception types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.3.3
Exception handlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.3.4
Vector table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.3.5
Exception priorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.3.6
Exception entry and return . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Fault handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.4.1
2/110
Lockup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
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Power management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.5.1
Entering sleep mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.5.2
Wakeup from sleep mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.5.3
The external event input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.5.4
Power management programming hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.1
Instruction set summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.2
Intrinsic functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.3
About the instruction descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.3.1
Operands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.3.2
Restrictions when using PC or SP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.3.3
Shift Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.3.4
Address alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.3.5
PC-relative expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.3.6
Conditional execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Memory access instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.4.1
ADR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.4.2
LDR and STR, immediate offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.4.3
LDR and STR, register offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.4.4
LDR, PC-relative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.4.5
LDM and STM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.4.6
PUSH and POP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
General data processing instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.5.1
ADC, ADD, RSB, SBC, and SUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.5.2
AND, ORR, EOR, and BIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.5.3
ASR, LSL, LSR, and ROR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.5.4
CMP and CMN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.5.5
MOV and MVN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.5.6
MULS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.5.7
REV, REV16, and REVSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.5.8
SXT and UXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.5.9
TST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Branch and control instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.6.1
3.7
B, BL, BX, and BLX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Miscellaneous instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
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BKPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.7.2
CPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.7.3
DMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.7.4
DSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.7.5
ISB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
3.7.6
MRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.7.7
MSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.7.8
NOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
3.7.9
SEV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.7.10
SVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
3.7.11
WFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3.7.12
WFI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
STM32L0 Core Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4.1
About the STM32L0 core peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4.2
Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
4.3
4.4
4/110
3.7.1
4.2.1
Accessing the STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ NVIC registers using CMSIS . . . 82
4.2.2
Interrupt Set-enable Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
4.2.3
Interrupt Clear-enable Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
4.2.4
Interrupt Set-pending Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
4.2.5
Interrupt Clear-pending Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
4.2.6
Interrupt Priority Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4.2.7
Level-sensitive and pulse interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
4.2.8
NVIC usage hints and tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
System Control Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
4.3.1
The CMSIS mapping of the STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ SCB registers . . . . 88
4.3.2
CPUID Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
4.3.3
Interrupt Control and State Register (ICSR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4.3.4
Vector Table Offset Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4.3.5
Application Interrupt and Reset Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4.3.6
System Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4.3.7
Configuration and Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4.3.8
System Handler Priority Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
4.3.9
SCB usage hints and tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
SysTick timer (STK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
4.4.1
SysTick Control and Status Register (STK_CSR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
4.4.2
SysTick Reload Value Register (STK_RVR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
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4.6
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4.4.3
SysTick Current Value Register (STK_CVR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4.4.4
SysTick Calibration Value Register (STK_CALIB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4.4.5
SysTick usage hints and tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Memory Protection Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
4.5.1
MPU Type Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
4.5.2
MPU Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
4.5.3
MPU Region Number Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
4.5.4
MPU Region Base Address Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
4.5.5
MPU Region Attribute and Size Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
4.5.6
MPU access permission attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
4.5.7
MPU mismatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
4.5.8
Updating an MPU region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
4.5.9
MPU design hints and tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
I/O Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
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List of tables
PM0223
List of tables
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
Table 7.
Table 8.
Table 9.
Table 10.
Table 11.
Table 12.
Table 13.
Table 14.
Table 15.
Table 16.
Table 17.
Table 18.
Table 19.
Table 20.
Table 21.
Table 22.
Table 23.
Table 24.
Table 25.
Table 26.
Table 27.
Table 28.
Table 29.
Table 30.
Table 31.
Table 32.
Table 33.
Table 34.
Table 35.
Table 36.
Table 37.
Table 38.
Table 39.
Table 40.
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Applicable products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Summary of processor mode, execution privilege level, and stack use options. . . . . . . . . 13
Core register set summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
PSR register combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
APSR bit assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
IPSR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
EPSR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
PRIMASK register bit assignments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Control register bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Ordering of memory accesses(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Memory access behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Memory region shareability and cache policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Properties of the different exception types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Exception return behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
CMSIS intrinsic functions to generate some STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ instructions . . . . . . . . 39
CMSIS intrinsic functions to access the special registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Condition code suffixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Memory access instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Data processing instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
ADC, ADD, RSB, SBC and SUB operand restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Branch and control instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Branch ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Miscellaneous instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Core peripheral register regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
NVIC register summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
CMSIS access NVIC functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
NVIC_IPRx bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
CMSIS functions for NVIC control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Summary of the SCB registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
ICSR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
System fault handler priority fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
System timer registers summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Memory attributes summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
MPU registers summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Example SIZE field values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
C, B, and S encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
AP encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Memory region attributes for a microcontroller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
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List of figures
List of figures
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Processor core registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
APSR, IPSR and EPSR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Control bit assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Memory map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Little-endian format example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Vector table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Stack frame. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
ASR#3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
LSR#3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
LSL #3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
ROR #3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Example of SRD use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
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About this document
1
PM0223
About this document
This document provides the information required for application and system-level software
development. It does not provide information on debug components, features, or operation.
This material is for microcontroller software and hardware engineers, including those who
have no experience of ARM products.
1.1
Typographical conventions
The typographical conventions used in this document are:
italic
Highlights important notes, introduces special terminology, denotes
internal cross-references, and citations.
bold
Highlights interface elements, such as menu names. Denotes signal
names. Also used for terms in descriptive lists, where appropriate.
monospace
Denotes text that you can enter at the keyboard, such as commands,
file and program names, and source code.
monospace
Denotes a permitted abbreviation for a command or option. You can
enter the underlined text instead of the full command or option name.
monospace italic Denotes arguments to monospace text where the argument is to be
replaced by a specific value.
monospace bold Denotes language keywords when used outside example code.
< and >
1.2
Enclose replaceable terms for assembler syntax where they appear in
code or code fragments. For example:
LDRSB<cond> <Rt>, [<Rn>, #<offset>]
List of abbreviations for registers
The following abbreviations are used in register descriptions:
read/write (rw)
Software can read and write to these bits.
read-only (r)
Software can only read these bits.
write-only (w)
Software can only write to this bit.
Reading the bit returns the reset value.
read/clear (rc_w)
Software can read as well as clear this bit by writing any value.
read/clear (rc_w1) Software can read as well as clear this bit by writing 1.
Writing ‘0’ has no effect on the bit value.
read/clear (rc_w0) Software can read as well as clear this bit by writing 0.
Writing ‘1’ has no effect on the bit value.
8/110
toggle (t)
Software can only toggle this bit by writing ‘1’. Writing ‘0’ has no effect.
Reserved (Res.)
Reserved bit, must be kept at reset value.
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1.3
About this document
About the STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor and core
peripherals
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor is an entry-level 32-bit ARM Cortex processor
designed for a broad range of embedded applications. It offers significant benefits to
developers, including:
•
A simple architecture that is easy to learn and program.
•
Ultra-low power, energy-efficient operation.
•
Excellent code density.
•
Deterministic, high-performance interrupt handling.
•
Upward compatibility with Cortex-M processor family.
•
Platform security robustness, with optional integrated Memory Protection Unit (MPU).
Figure 1. STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ implementation
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The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor is built on a highly area and power optimized 32-bit
processor core, with a 2-stage pipeline Von Neumann architecture. The processor delivers
exceptional energy efficiency through a small but powerful instruction set and extensively
optimized design, providing high-end processing hardware including a single-cycle multiplier.
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor implements the ARMv6-M architecture, which is based
®
on the 16-bit Thumb instruction set and includes Thumb-2 technology. This provides the
exceptional performance expected of a modern 32-bit architecture, with a higher code
density than other 8-bit and 16-bit microcontrollers.
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PM0223
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor closely integrates a configurable Nested Vectored
Interrupt Controller (NVIC), to deliver industry-leading interrupt performance. The NVIC:
•
Includes a Non-Maskable Interrupt (NMI).
•
Provides zero jitter interrupt option.
•
Provides four interrupt priority levels.
The tight integration of the processor core and NVIC provides fast execution of Interrupt
Service Routines (ISRs), dramatically reducing the interrupt latency. This is achieved through
the hardware stacking of registers, and the ability to abandon and restart load-multiple and
store-multiple operations. Interrupt handlers do not require any assembler wrapper code,
removing any code overhead from the ISRs. Tail-chaining optimization also significantly
reduces the overhead when switching from one ISR to another.
To optimize low-power designs, the NVIC integrates with the sleep modes, that include a
deep sleep function that enables the entire device to be rapidly powered down.
1.3.1
System-level interface
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor provides a single system-level interface using AMBA
technology to provide high speed, low latency memory accesses.
®
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor has an optional Memory Protection Unit (MPU) that
provides fine grain memory control, enabling applications to use multiple privilege levels,
separating and protecting code, data and stack on a task-by-task basis. Such requirements
are becoming critical in many embedded applications such as automotive systems.
1.3.2
Integrated configurable debug
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor implements a complete hardware debug solution, with
extensive hardware breakpoint and watchpoint options. This provides high system visibility
of the processor, memory and peripherals through a <2-pin Serial Wire Debug (SWD) port>
that is ideal for microcontrollers and other small package devices.
1.3.3
STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor features summary
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Thumb instruction set with Thumb-2 Technology.
High code density with 32-bit performance.
User and Privileged mode execution.
Tools and binary upwards compatible with Cortex-M processor family.
Integrated ultra low-power sleep modes.
Efficient code execution enabling slower processor clock or increased sleep time.
Single-cycle 32-bit hardware multiplier.
Zero jitter interrupt handling.
Memory Protection Unit (MPU) for safety-critical applications.
Low latency, high-speed peripheral I/O port.
A Vector Table Offset Register.
Extensive debug capabilities.
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1.3.4
About this document
STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ core peripherals
These are:
Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC)
The NVIC is an embedded interrupt controller that supports low latency interrupt
processing.
System Control Block
The System Control Block (SCB) is the programmers model interface to the
processor. It provides system implementation information and system control,
including configuration, control, and reporting of system exceptions.
System timer
The system timer, SysTick, is a 24-bit count-down timer. Use this as a Real Time
Operating System (RTOS) tick timer or as a simple counter.
Memory Protection Unit
The Memory Protection Unit (MPU) improves system reliability by defining the
memory attributes for different memory regions. It provides up to eight different
regions, and an optional predefined background region.
I/O port
The I/O port provides single-cycle loads and stores to tightly-coupled peripherals.
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2
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Processor
2.1
Programmers model
This section describes the STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ programmers model. In addition to the
individual core register descriptions, it contains information about the processor modes,
privilege levels for software execution, and stacks.
2.1.1
Processor modes and privilege levels for software execution
The processor modes are:
Thread mode
Executes application software. The processor enters Thread mode
when it comes out of reset.
Handler mode
Handles exceptions. The processor returns to Thread mode when it has
finished all exception processing.
The privilege levels for software execution are:
Unprivileged
The software:
•
Has limited access to system registers using the MSR and MRS
instructions, and cannot use the CPS instruction to mask interrupts.
•
Cannot access the system timer, NVIC, or system control block.
•
Might have restricted access to memory or peripherals.
Unprivileged software executes at the unprivileged level.
Privileged
The software can use all the instructions and has access to all
resources.
Privileged software executes at the privileged level.
In Thread mode, the CONTROL register controls whether software execution is privileged or
unprivileged, see CONTROL register on page 17. In Handler mode, software execution is
always privileged.
Only privileged software can write to the CONTROL register to change the privilege level for
software execution in Thread mode. Unprivileged software can use the SVC instruction to
make a Supervisor Call to transfer control to privileged software.
2.1.2
Stacks
The processor uses a full descending stack. This means the stack pointer indicates the last
stacked item on the stack memory. When the processor pushes a new item onto the stack,
it decrements the stack pointer and then writes the item to the new memory location. The
processor implements two stacks, the main stack and the process stack, with independent
copies of the stack pointer, see Stack Pointer on page 14.
In Thread mode, the CONTROL register controls whether the processor uses the main
stack or the process stack, see CONTROL register on page 17. In Handler mode, the processor always uses the main stack. The options for processor operations are:
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The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Processor
Table 2. Summary of processor mode, execution privilege level, and stack use
options
Processor mode
Privilege level for
software execution
Used to execute
Stack used
Privileged or unprivileged(1) Main stack or process stack(1)
Thread
Applications
Handler
Exception handlers Always privileged
Main stack
1. See CONTROL register on page 17
2.1.3
Core registers
The processor core register are:
Figure 2. Processor core registers
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Table 3. Core register set summary
Name
Type(1)
Reset value
Description
R0-R12
RW
Unknown
General-purpose registers on page 14.
MSP
RW
See description
Stack Pointer on page 14.
PSP
RW
Unknown
Stack Pointer on page 14
LR
RW
Unknown
Link Register on page 14
PC
RW
See description
Program Counter on page 14
PSR
RW
Unknown(2)
Program Status Register on page 14
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Table 3. Core register set summary (continued)
APSR
RW
Unknown
Application Program Status Register on page 15
IPSR
RO
0x00000000
Interrupt Program Status Register on page 16
EPSR
RO
Unknown
Execution Program Status Register on page 16
PRIMASK
RW
0x00000000
Priority Mask Register on page 17
CONTROL
RW
0x00000000
CONTROL register on page 17
1. Describes access type during program execution in Thread mode and Handler mode. Debug access can
differ.
2. Bit[24] is the T-bit and is loaded from bit[0] of the reset vector.
General-purpose registers
R0-R12 are 32-bit general-purpose registers for data operations.
Stack Pointer
The Stack Pointer (SP) is register R13. In Thread mode, bit[1] of the CONTROL register
indicates the stack pointer to use:
•
0 = Main Stack Pointer (MSP). This is the reset value.
•
1 = Process Stack Pointer (PSP).
On reset, the processor loads the MSP with the value from address 0x00000000.
Link Register
The Link Register (LR) is register R14. It stores the return information for subroutines, function calls, and exceptions. On reset, the LR value is Unknown.
Program Counter
The Program Counter (PC) is register R15. It contains the current program address. On
reset, the processor loads the PC with the value of the reset vector, which is at address
0x00000004. Bit[0] of the value is loaded into the EPSR T-bit at reset and must be 1.
Program Status Register
The Program Status Register (PSR) combines:
•
Application Program Status Register (APSR).
•
Interrupt Program Status Register (IPSR).
•
Execution Program Status Register (EPSR).
These registers are allocated as mutually exclusive bitfields within the 32-bit PSR. The PSR
bit assignments are:
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Figure 3. APSR, IPSR and EPSR bit assignments
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Access these registers individually or as a combination of any two or all three registers,
using the register name as an argument to the MSR or MRS instructions. For example:
•
Read all of the registers using PSR with the MRS instruction.
•
Write to the APSR using APSR with the MSR instruction.
The PSR combinations and attributes are:
Table 4. PSR register combinations
Register
Type
Combination
PSR
RW(1),(2)
APSR, EPSR, and IPSR.
IEPSR
RO
EPSR and IPSR.
IAPSR
RW(1)
APSR and IPSR.
EAPSR
RW(2)
APSR and EPSR.
1. The processor ignores writes to the IPSR bits.
2. Reads of the EPSR bits return zero, and the processor ignores writes to these bits.
See the instruction descriptions MRS on page 74 and MSR on page 75 for more information
about how to access the program status registers.
Application Program Status Register
The APSR contains the current state of the condition flags, from previous instruction executions. See the register summary in Table 3 on page 13 for its attributes. The bit assignments
are:
Table 5. APSR bit assignment
Bits
Name
Description
[31]
N
Negative flag.
[30]
Z
Zero flag.
[29]
C
Carry or borrow flag.
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Table 5. APSR bit assignment (continued)
Bits
Name
Description
[28]
V
Overflow flag.
[27:0]
-
Reserved.
See The condition flags on page 43 for more information about the APSR negative, zero,
carry or borrow, and overflow flags.
Interrupt Program Status Register
The IPSR contains the exception number of the current Interrupt Service Routine (ISR). See
the register summary in Table 3 on page 13 for its attributes. The bit assignments are:
Table 6. IPSR bit assignments
Bits
Name
Function
[31:6]
-
Reserved
[5:0]
Exception number
This is the number of the current exception:
0 = Thread mode.
1 = Reserved.
2 = NMI.
3 = HardFault.
4-10 = Reserved.
11 = SVCall.
12, 13 = Reserved.
14 = PendSV.
15 = SysTick | Reserved.
16 = IRQ0.
.
.
47 = IRQ31.
48-63 = Reserved.
see Exception types on page 26 for more information.
Execution Program Status Register
The EPSR contains the Thumb state bit.
See the register summary in Table 3 on page 13 for the EPSR attributes. The bit assignments are:
Table 7. EPSR bit assignments
Bits
16/110
Name
Function
[31:25]
-
Reserved.
[24]
T
Thumb state bit.
[23:0]
-
Reserved.
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The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Processor
Attempts by application software to read the EPSR directly using the MRS instruction always
return zero. Attempts to write the EPSR using the MRS instruction are ignored. Fault handlers can examine the EPSR value in the stacked PSR to determine the cause of the fault.
See Exception entry and return on page 30. The following can clear the T bit to 0:
•
Instructions BLX, BX and POP{PC}.
•
Restoration from the stacked xPSR value on an exception return.
•
Bit[0] of the vector value on an exception entry.
Attempting to execute instructions when the T bit is 0 results in a HardFault or Lockup. See
2.4.1: Lockup on page 33 for more information.
Interruptible-restartable instructions
The interruptible-restartable instructions are LDM and STM, PUSH, POP, and MULS. When
an interrupt occurs during the execution of one of these instructions, the processor
abandons execution of the instruction. After servicing the interrupt, the processor restarts
execution of the instruction from the beginning.
Exception mask register
The exception mask register disables the handling of exceptions by the processor. Disable
exceptions where they might impact on timing critical tasks or code sequences requiring
atomicity.
To disable or re-enable exceptions, use the MSR and MRS instructions, or the CPS instruction, to change the value of PRIMASK. 3.7.6: MRS on page 74, 3.7.7: MSR on page 75, and
3.7.2: CPS on page 70 for more information.
Priority Mask Register
The PRIMASK register prevents activation of all exceptions with configurable priority. See
the register summary in Table 3 on page 13 for its attributes. The bit assignments are:
Table 8. PRIMASK register bit assignments
Bits
Name
Function
[31:1]
-
Reserved.
[0]
PM
Prioritizable interrupt mask:
0 = No effect.
1 = Prevents the activation of all exceptions with configurable priority.
CONTROL register
The CONTROL register controls the stack used, and the privilege level for software execution, when the processor is in Thread mode. See the register summary in Table 3 on
page 13 for its attributes. The bit assignments are:
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Figure 4. Control bit assignment
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Table 9. Control register bit assignments
Bits
Name
Function
[31:2]
-
Reserved.
[1]
SPSEL
Defines the current stack:
0 = MSP is the current stack pointer.
1 = PSP is the current stack pointer.
In Handler mode this bit reads as zero and ignores writes.
[0]
nPRIV
Defines the Thread mode privilege level:
0 = Privileged.
1 = Unprivileged.
Handler mode always uses the MSP, so the processor ignores explicit writes to the active
stack pointer bit of the CONTROL register when in Handler mode. The exception entry and
return mechanisms automatically update the CONTROL register.
In an OS environment, it is recommended that threads running in Thread mode use the process stack and the kernel and exception handlers use the main stack.
By default, Thread mode uses the MSP. To switch the stack pointer used in Thread mode to
the PSP, use the MSR instruction to set the active stack pointer bit to 1, 3.7.6: MRS on
page 74
Note:
When changing the stack pointer, software must use an ISB instruction immediately after the
MSR instruction. This ensures that instructions after the ISB execute using the new stack
pointer. See 3.7.5: ISB on page 73.
2.1.4
Exceptions and interrupts
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor supports interrupts and system exceptions. The processor and the Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC) prioritize and handle all exceptions. An interrupt or exception changes the normal flow of software control. The processor
uses Handler mode to handle all exceptions except for reset. See Exception entry on
page 31 and Exception return on page 32 for more information.
The NVIC registers control interrupt handling. See 4.2: Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller
on page 82 for more information.
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2.1.5
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Processor
Data types
The processor:
•
Supports the following data types:
•
2.1.6
–
32-bit words.
–
16-bit halfwords.
–
8-bit bytes.
Manages all data memory accesses as little-endian or big-endian. Instruction memory
and Private Peripheral Bus (PPB) accesses are always little-endian. See 2.2.1:
Memory regions, types and attributes on page 20 for more information.
The Cortex Microcontroller Software Interface Standard
ARM provides the Cortex Microcontroller Software Interface Standard (CMSIS) for programming STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ microcontrollers. The CMSIS is an integrated part of the device
driver library. For a STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ microcontroller system, CMSIS defines:
•
A common way to:
•
•
–
Access peripheral registers.
–
Define exception vectors.
The names of:
–
The registers of the core peripherals.
–
The core exception vectors.
A device-independent interface for RTOS kernels.
The CMSIS includes address definitions and data structures for the core peripherals in the
STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor. It also includes optional interfaces for middleware components comprising a TCP/IP stack and a Flash file system.
The CMSIS simplifies software development by enabling the reuse of template code, and
the combination of CMSIS-compliant software components from various middleware vendors. Software vendors can expand the CMSIS to include their peripheral definitions and
access functions for those peripherals.
Note:
This document includes the register names defined by the CMSIS, and gives short descriptions of the CMSIS functions that address the processor core and the core peripherals.
This document uses the register short names defined by the CMSIS. In a few cases these
differ from the architectural short names that might be used in other documents.
The following sections give more information about the CMSIS:
•
2.5.4: Power management programming hints on page 35
•
•
•
3.2: Intrinsic functions on page 39
4.2.1: Accessing the STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ NVIC registers using CMSIS on page 82
NVIC programming hints on page 87
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PM0223
Memory model
This section describes the processor memory map and the behavior of memory accesses.
The processor has a fixed memory map that provides up to 4GB of addressable memory.
The memory map is:
Figure 5. Memory map
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The processor reserves regions of the Private Peripheral Bus (PPB) address range for core
peripheral registers, see 1.3: About the STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor and core peripherals on page 9.
2.2.1
Memory regions, types and attributes
The memory map and the programming of the MPU splits into regions. Each region has a
defined memory type, and some regions have additional memory attributes. The memory
type and attributes determine the behavior of accesses to the region.
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The memory types are:
Normal
The processor can re-order transactions for efficiency, or
perform speculative reads.
Device
The processor preserves transaction order relative to other
transactions to Device or Strongly-ordered memory.
Strongly-ordered
The processor preserves transaction order relative to all other
transactions.
The different ordering requirements for Device and Strongly-ordered memory mean that the
memory system can buffer a write to Device memory, but must not buffer a write to Stronglyordered memory.
The additional memory attributes include.
Shareable
For a shareable memory region, the memory system provides
data synchronization between bus masters in a system with
multiple bus masters, for example, a processor with a DMA
controller.
Strongly-ordered memory is always shareable.
If multiple bus masters can access a non-shareable memory
region, software must ensure data coherency between the
bus masters.
<This description is required only if the device is likely to be
used in systems where memory is shared between multiple
processors.>
Execute Never (XN)
2.2.2
Means the processor prevents instruction accesses. A
HardFault exception is generated on executing an instruction
fetched from an XN region of memory.
Memory system ordering of memory accesses
For most memory accesses caused by explicit memory access instructions, the memory
system does not guarantee that the order in which the accesses complete matches the program order of the instructions, providing any re-ordering does not affect the behavior of the
instruction sequence. Normally, if correct program execution depends on two memory
accesses completing in program order, software must insert a memory barrier instruction
between the memory access instructions, see 2.2.2: Memory system ordering of memory
accesses on page 21.
However, the memory system does guarantee some ordering of accesses to Device and
Strongly-ordered memory. For two memory access instructions A1 and A2, if A1 occurs
before A2 in program order, the ordering of the memory accesses caused by two instructions is:
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Table 10. Ordering of memory accesses(1)
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1. - Means that the memory system does not guarantee the ordering of the accesses
< Means that accesses are observed in program order, that is A1 is always observed before A2.
2.2.3
Behavior of memory accesses
The behavior of accesses to each region in the memory map is:
Table 11. Memory access behavior(1)
Address range
Memory region
Memory type
XN
Description
0x000000000x1FFFFFFF
Code
Normal
-
Executable region for
program code. You can
also put data here.
0x200000000x3FFFFFFF
SRAM
Normal
-
Executable region for
data. You can also put
code here.
0x400000000x5FFFFFFF
Peripheral
Device
XN
External device memory.
0x600000000x9FFFFFFF
External RAM
Normal
-
Executable region for
data.
0xA00000000xDFFFFFFF
External device Device
XN
External device memory.
XN
This region includes the
NVIC, System timer, and
System Control Block.
Only word accesses can
be used in this region.
0xE00000000xE00FFFFF
Private Peripheral
Bus
Strongly- ordered
1. See Memory regions, types and attributes on page 20 for more information.
The Code, SRAM, and external RAM regions can hold programs.
The MPU can override the default memory access behavior described in this section. For
more information, see 4.5: Memory Protection Unit on page 98.
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Additional memory access constraints for caches and shared memory
When a system includes caches or shared memory, some memory regions have additional
access constraints, and some regions are subdivided, as Table 12 shows:
Table 12. Memory region shareability and cache policies
Address range
Memory region
Memory type(1)
Shareability(1)
Cache policy(2)
0x000000000x1FFFFFFF
Code
Normal
-
WT
0x200000000x3FFFFFFF
SRAM
Normal
-
WBWA
0x400000000x5FFFFFFF
Peripheral Device
-
-
External RAM
Normal
-
0x600000000x7FFFFFFF
WBWA
0x800000000x9FFFFFFF
0xA00000000xBFFFFFFF
WT
Shareable
External device Device
0xC00000000xDFFFFFFF
Non-shareable
0xE00000000xE00FFFFF
Private Peripheral
Bus
Strongly- ordered
Shareable
-
0xE01000000xFFFFFFFF
Device
Device
-
-
1. See 2.2.1: Memory regions, types and attributes on page 20 for more information.
2. WT = Write through, no write allocate. WBWA = Write back, write allocate.
2.2.5
Software ordering of memory accesses
The order of instructions in the program flow does not always guarantee the order of the corresponding memory transactions. This is because:
•
The processor can reorder some memory accesses to improve efficiency, providing this
does not affect the behavior of the instruction sequence.
•
Memory or devices in the memory map might have different wait states.
•
Some memory accesses are buffered or speculative.
Memory system ordering of memory accesses on page 21 describes the cases where the
memory system guarantees the order of memory accesses. Otherwise, if the order of memory accesses is critical, software must include memory barrier instructions to force that
ordering. The processor provides the following memory barrier instructions:
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DMB
The Data Memory Barrier (DMB) instruction ensures that outstanding
memory transactions complete before subsequent memory transactions.
See DMB on page 71.
DSB
The Data Synchronization Barrier (DSB) instruction ensures that
outstanding memory transactions complete before subsequent
instructions execute. See DSB on page 72.
ISB
The Instruction Synchronization Barrier (ISB) ensures that the effect of all
completed memory transactions is recognizable by subsequent
instructions. See ISB on page 73.
The following are examples of using memory barrier instructions:
Vector table
If the program changes an entry in the vector table, and then
enables the corresponding exception, use a DMB instruction
between the operations. This ensures that if the exception is
taken immediately after being enabled the processor uses the
new exception vector.
Self-modifying code
If a program contains self-modifying code, use an ISB instruction
immediately after the code modification in the program. This
ensures subsequent instruction execution uses the updated
program.
Memory map switching If the system contains a memory map switching mechanism, use
a DSB instruction after switching the memory map. This ensures
subsequent instruction execution uses the updated memory map
MPU programming
Use a DSB followed by an ISB instruction or exception return to
ensure that the new MPU configuration is used by subsequent
instructions.
VTOR programming
If the program updates the value of the VTOR, use a DMB
instruction to ensure that the new vector table is used for
subsequent exceptions.
Memory accesses to Strongly-ordered memory, such as the System Control Block, do not
require the use of DMB instructions.
2.2.6
Memory endianness
The processor views memory as a linear collection of bytes numbered in ascending order
from zero. For example, bytes 0-3 hold the first stored word, and bytes 4-7 hold the second
stored word. Little-endian format describes how words of data are stored in memory.
Little-endian format
In little-endian format, the processor stores the least significant byte (lsbyte) of a word at the
lowest-numbered byte, and the most significant byte (msbyte) at the highest-numbered
byte. For example:
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Figure 6. Little-endian format example
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Exception model
This section describes the exception model.
2.3.1
Exception states
Each exception is in one of the following states:
Inactive
The exception is not active and not pending.
Pending
The exception is waiting to be serviced by the processor.
An interrupt request from a peripheral or from software can change
the state of the corresponding interrupt to pending.
Active
An exception that is being serviced by the processor but has not completed.
Note: An exception handler can interrupt the execution of another exception
handler. In this case both exceptions are in the active state.
Active and pendingThe exception is being serviced by the processor and there is a pending exception from the same source.
2.3.2
Exception types
The exception types are:
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Reset
Reset is invoked on power up or a warm reset. The exception model
treats reset as a special form of exception. When reset is asserted,
the operation of the processor stops, potentially at any point in an
instruction. When reset is deasserted, execution restarts from the
address provided by the reset entry in the vector table. Execution
restarts as privileged execution in Thread mode.
NMI
A NonMaskable Interrupt (NMI) can be signalled by a peripheral or
triggered by software. This is the highest priority exception other than
reset. It is permanently enabled and has a fixed priority of -2. NMIs
cannot be:
•
Masked or prevented from activation by any other exception.
•
Preempted by any exception other than Reset.
HardFault
A HardFault is an exception that occurs because of an error during
normal or exception processing. HardFaults have a fixed priority of -1,
meaning they have higher priority than any exception with
configurable priority.
SVCall
A Supervisor Call (SVC) is an exception that is triggered by the SVC
instruction. In an OS environment, applications can use SVC
instructions to access OS kernel functions and device drivers.
PendSV
PendSV is an interrupt-driven request for system-level service. In an
OS environment, use PendSV for context switching when no other
exception is active.
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SysTick
A SysTick exception is an exception the system timer generates when
it reaches zero. Software can also generate a SysTick exception. In
an OS environment, the processor can use this exception as system
tick.
Interrupt (IRQ)
An interrupt, or IRQ, is an exception signalled by a peripheral, or
generated by a software request. All interrupts are asynchronous to
instruction execution. In the system, peripherals use interrupts to
communicate with the processor.
Table 13. Properties of the different exception types
Exception
number(1)
IRQ
number(1)
Exception type
Vector
address(2)
Priority
Activation
1
-
Reset
-3, the highest
0x00000004
Asynchronous
2
-14
NMI
-2
0x00000008
Asynchronous
3
-13
HardFault
-1
0x0000000C
Synchronous
4-10
-
Reserved
-
-
-
11
-5
SVCall
Configurable(3)
0x0000002C
Synchronous
12-13
-
Reserved
-
-
-
14
-2
PendSV
Configurable(3)
0x00000038
Asynchronous
15
-1
SysTick
Configurable(3)
0x0000003C
Asynchronous
15
-
Reserved
-
-
-
Configurable(3)
0x00000040
and above(4)
Asynchronous
16 and above 0 and above Interrupt (IRQ)
1. To simplify the software layer, the CMSIS only uses IRQ numbers. It uses negative values for exceptions
other than interrupts. The IPSR returns the Exception number, see Interrupt Program Status Register on
page 16
2. See Figure 7.: Vector table on page 29 for more information.
3. See 4.2.6: Interrupt Priority Registers on page 85
4. Increasing in steps of 4.
For an asynchronous exception, other than reset, the processor can execute additional
instructions between when the exception is triggered and when the processor enters the
exception handler.
Privileged software can disable the exceptions that Table 13 on page 27 shows as having
configurable priority, see 4.2.3: Interrupt Clear-enable Register on page 83.
For more information about HardFaults, see 2.4: Fault handling on page 33
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Exception handlers
The processor handles exceptions using:
Interrupt Service Routines (ISRs) Interrupts IRQ0 to IRQ31 are the exceptions handled by
ISRs
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Fault handler
HardFault is the only exception handled by the fault
handler.
System handlers
NMI, PendSV, SVCall SysTick, and HardFault are all
system exceptions handled by system handlers.
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Vector table
The vector table contains the reset value of the stack pointer, and the start addresses, also
called exception vectors, for all exception handlers. Figure 7 on page 29 shows the order of
the exception vectors in the vector table. The least-significant bit of each vector must be 1,
indicating that the exception handler is written in Thumb code.
Figure 7. Vector table
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On system reset, the vector table is fixed at address 0x00000000. Privileged software can
write to the VTOR to relocate the vector table start address to a different memory location, in
the range 0x00000000 to 0xFFFFFF80 in multiples of 256 bytes, see Vector Table Offset
Register on page 4-11.
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Exception priorities
As Table 13 on page 27 shows, all exceptions have an associated priority, with:
•
A lower priority value indicating a higher priority.
•
Configurable priorities for all exceptions except Reset, HardFault, and NMI.
If software does not configure any priorities, then all exceptions with a configurable priority
have a priority of 0. For information about configuring exception priorities see
•
4.3.8: System Handler Priority Registers on page 94
•
Note:
I4.2.6: Interrupt Priority Registers on page 85.
Configurable priority values are in the range 0-192, in steps of 64. The Reset, HardFault,
and NMI exceptions, with fixed negative priority values, always have higher priority than any
other exception.
Assigning a higher priority value to IRQ[0] and a lower priority value to IRQ[1] means that
IRQ[1] has higher priority than IRQ[0]. If both IRQ[1] and IRQ[0] are asserted, IRQ[1] is processed before IRQ[0].
If multiple pending exceptions have the same priority, the pending exception with the lowest
exception number takes precedence. For example, if both IRQ[0] and IRQ[1] are pending
and have the same priority, then IRQ[0] is processed before IRQ[1].
When the processor is executing an exception handler, the exception handler is preempted
if a higher priority exception occurs. If an exception occurs with the same priority as the
exception being handled, the handler is not preempted, irrespective of the exception number. However, the status of the new interrupt changes to pending.
2.3.6
Exception entry and return
Descriptions of exception handling use the following terms:
Preemption When the processor is executing an exception handler, an exception can
preempt the exception handler if its priority is higher than the priority of the
exception being handled.
When one exception preempts another, the exceptions are called nested
exceptions. See Exception entry on page 31 for more information.
Return
This occurs when the exception handler is completed, and:
•
There is no pending exception with sufficient priority to be serviced.
•
The completed exception handler was not handling a late-arriving
exception.
The processor pops the stack and restores the processor state to the state it
had before the interrupt occurred. See Exception return on page 32 for more
information.
Tail-chaining This mechanism speeds up exception servicing. On completion of an
exception handler, if there is a pending exception that meets the
requirements for exception entry, the stack pop is skipped and control
transfers to the new exception handler.
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Late-arriving This mechanism speeds up preemption. If a higher priority exception occurs
during state saving for a previous exception, the processor switches to
handle the higher priority exception and initiates the vector fetch for that
exception. State saving is not affected by late arrival because the state saved
would be the same for both exceptions. On return from the exception handler
of the late-arriving exception, the normal tail-chaining rules apply.
Exception entry
Exception entry occurs when there is a pending exception with sufficient priority and either:
•
The processor is in Thread mode.
•
The new exception is of higher priority than the exception being handled, in which case
the new exception preempts the exception being handled.
When one exception preempts another, the exceptions are nested.
Sufficient priority means the exception has greater priority than any limit set by the mask
register, see Exception mask register on page 17. An exception with less priority than this is
pending but is not handled by the processor.
When the processor takes an exception, unless the exception is a tail-chained or a latearriving exception, the processor pushes information onto the current stack. This operation
is referred to as stacking and the structure of eight data words is referred to as a stack
frame. The stack frame contains the following information:
Figure 8. Stack frame
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Immediately after stacking, the stack pointer indicates the lowest address in the stack
frame. The stack frame is aligned to a double-word address.
The stack frame includes the return address. This is the address of the next instruction in
the interrupted program. This value is restored to the PC at exception return so that the
interrupted program resumes.
The processor performs a vector fetch that reads the exception handler start address from
the vector table. When stacking is complete, the processor starts executing the exception
handler. At the same time, the processor writes an EXC_RETURN value to the LR. This
indicates which stack pointer corresponds to the stack frame and what operation mode the
processor was in before the entry occurred.
If no higher priority exception occurs during exception entry, the processor starts executing
the exception handler and automatically changes the status of the corresponding pending
interrupt to active.
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If another higher priority exception occurs during exception entry, the processor starts executing the exception handler for this exception and does not change the pending status of
the earlier exception. This is the late arrival case.
Exception return
Exception return occurs when the processor is in Handler mode and execution of one of the
following instructions attempts to set the PC to an EXC_RETURN value:
•
A POP instruction that loads the PC.
•
B PBX instruction using any register.
The processor saves an EXC_RETURN value to the LR on exception entry. The exception
mechanism relies on this value to detect when the processor has completed an exception
handler. Bits[31:4] of an EXC_RETURN value are 0xFFFFFFF. When the processor loads a
value matching this pattern to the PC it detects that the operation is a not a normal branch
operation and, instead, that the exception is complete. As a result, it starts the exception
return sequence. Bits[3:0] of the EXC_RETURN value indicate the required return stack and
processor mode, as Table 14 on page 32 shows.
Table 14. Exception return behavior
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EXC_RETURN
Description
0xFFFFFF1
Return to Handler mode.
Exception return gets state from the main stack.
Execution uses MSP after return.
0xFFFFFF9
Return to Thread mode.
Exception return gets state from MSP.
Execution uses MSP after return.
0xFFFFFFD
Return to Thread mode.
Exception return gets state from PSP.
Execution uses PSP after return.
All other values
Reserved.
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Fault handling
Faults are a subset of exceptions, see 2.3: Exception model on page 26. All faults result in
the HardFault exception being taken or cause Lockup if they occur in the NMI or HardFault
handler. The faults are:
•
Execution of an SVC instruction at a priority equal or higher than SVCall.
•
Execution of a BKPT instruction without a debugger attached.
•
A system-generated bus error on a load or store.
•
Execution of an instruction from an XN memory address.
•
Execution of an instruction from a location for which the system generates a bus fault.
•
A system-generated bus error on a vector fetch.
•
Execution of an Undefined instruction.
•
Execution of an instruction when not in Thumb state as a result of the T-bit being
previously cleared to 0.
•
An attempted load or store to an unaligned address.
•
An MPU fault because of a privilege violation or an attempt to access an unmanaged
region.
Note:
Only Reset and NMI can preempt the fixed priority HardFault handler. A HardFault can
preempt any exception other than Reset, NMI, or another HardFault.
2.4.1
Lockup
The processor enters a Lockup state if a fault occurs when executing the NMI or HardFault
handlers, or if the system generates a bus error when unstacking the PSR on an exception
return using the MSP. When the processor is in Lockup state it does not execute any
instructions. The processor remains in Lockup state until one of the following occurs:
•
It is reset.
•
A debugger halts it.
•
An NMI occurs and the current Lockup is in the HardFault handler.
Note:
If Lockup state occurs in the NMI handler a subsequent NMI does not cause the processor
to leave Lockup state.
2.5
Power management
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor sleep modes reduce power consumption:
•
A sleep mode, that stops the processor clock.
•
A deep sleep mode, that enters ultra low-power modes.
The SLEEPDEEP bit of the SCR selects which sleep mode is used, see 4.3.6: System Control Register on page 92. When entering the deep sleep mode, the PDSS bit in PWR_CR
register will select entry in Stop or Standby mode, see the reference manual chapter "lowpower modes" for details.
This section describes the mechanisms for entering sleep mode, and the conditions for waking up from sleep mode.
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Entering sleep mode
This section describes the mechanisms software can use to put the processor into sleep
mode.
The system can generate spurious wakeup events, for example a debug operation wakes
up the processor. For this reason, software must be able to put the processor back into
sleep mode after such an event. A program might have an idle loop to put the processor
back in to sleep mode.
Wait for interrupt
The Wait For Interrupt instruction, WFI, causes immediate entry to sleep mode. When the
processor executes a WFI instruction it stops executing instructions and enters sleep mode.
See 3.7.12: WFI on page 80 for more information.
Wait for event
The Wait For Event instruction, WFE, causes entry to sleep mode conditional on the value of
a one-bit event register. When the processor executes a WFE instruction, it checks the value
of the event register:
0
The processor stops executing instructions and enters sleep mode.
1
The processor sets the register to zero and continues executing instructions
without entering sleep mode.
See 3.7.11: WFE on page 79 for more information.
If the event register is 1, this indicates that the processor must not enter sleep mode on execution of a WFE instruction. Typically, this is because of the assertion of an external event, or
because another processor in the system has executed a SEV instruction, see 3.7.9: SEV
on page 77. Software cannot access this register directly.
Sleep-on-exit
If the SLEEPONEXIT bit of the SCR is set to 1, when the processor completes the execution
of an exception handler and returns to Thread mode it immediately enters sleep mode. Use
this mechanism in applications that only require the processor to run when an interrupt
occurs.
2.5.2
Wakeup from sleep mode
The conditions for the processor to wakeup depend on the mechanism that caused it to
enter sleep mode.
Wakeup from WFI or sleep-on-exit
Normally, the processor wakes up only when it detects an exception with sufficient priority to
cause exception entry.
Some embedded systems might have to execute system restore tasks after the processor
wakes up, and before it executes an interrupt handler. To achieve this set the PRIMASK.PM
bit to 1. If an interrupt arrives that is enabled and has a higher priority than current exception
priority, the processor wakes up but does not execute the interrupt handler until the processor sets PRIMASK.PM to zero. For more information about PRIMASK, see Exception mask
register on page 17.
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Wakeup from WFE
The processor wakes up if:
•
It detects an exception with sufficient priority to cause exception entry.
•
It detects an external event signal, see 2.5.3: The external event input on page 35.
•
In a multiprocessor system, another processor in the system executes a SEV
instruction.
In addition, if the SEVONPEND bit in the SCR is set to 1, any new pending interrupt triggers
an event and wakes up the processor, even if the interrupt is disabled or has insufficient priority to cause exception entry. For more information about the SCR, see 4.3.6: System Control Register on page 92.
2.5.3
The external event input
The processor provides an external event input signal. This signal can be generated by
peripherals. Tie this signal LOW if it is not used.
This signal can wakeup the processor from WFE, or set the internal WFE event register to
one to indicate that the processor must not enter sleep mode on a later WFE instruction, see
Wait for event on page 34.
2.5.4
Power management programming hints
ISO/IEC C cannot directly generate the WFI, WFE, and SEV instructions. The CMSIS provides
the following intrinsic functions for these instructions:
void __WFE(void) // Wait for Event
void __WFI(void) // Wait for Interrupt
void __SEV(void) // Send Event
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The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set
3.1
Instruction set summary
The processor implements a version of the Thumb instruction set. Table 15 lists the
supported instructions.
In Table 15
•
Angle brackets, <>, enclose alternative forms of the operand.
•
Braces, {}, enclose optional operands and mnemonic parts.
•
The Operands column is not exhaustive.
For more information on the instructions and operands, see the instruction descriptions.
Table 15. STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ instructions
Mnemonic
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Operands
Brief description
Flags
Section
ADCS
{Rd,} Rn, Rm
Add with Carry
N,Z,C,V
3.5.1 on page 54.
ADD{S}
{Rd,} Rn, <Rm|#imm>
Add
N,Z,C,V
3.5.1 on page 54.
ADR
Rd, label
PC-relative Address to
Register
3.4.1 on page 46.
ANDS
{Rd,} Rn, Rm
Bitwise AND
N,Z
3.5.2 on page 56.
ASRS
{Rd,} Rm, <Rs|#imm>
Arithmetic Shift Right
N,Z,C
3.5.3 on page 57.
B{cc}
label
Branch {conditionally}
-
3.6.1 on page 66.
BICS
{Rd,} Rn, Rm
Bit Clear
N,Z
3.5.2 on page 56.
BKPT
#imm
Breakpoint
-
3.7.1 on page 69.
BL
label
Branch with Link
-
3.6.1 on page 66.
BLX
Rm
Branch indirect with
Link
-
3.6.1 on page 66.
BX
Rm
Branch indirect
-
3.6.1 on page 66.
CMN
Rn, Rm
Compare Negative
N,Z,C,V
3.5.4 on page 59.
CMP
Rn, <Rm|#imm>
Compare
N,Z,C,V
3.5.4 on page 59.
CPSID
i
Change Processor
State, Disable
Interrupts
-
3.7.2 on page 70.
CPSIE
i
Change Processor
State, Enable
Interrupts
-
3.7.2 on page 70.
DMB
-
Data Memory Barrier
-
3.7.3 on page 71.
DSB
-
Data Synchronization
Barrier
-
3.7.4 on page 72.
EORS
{Rd,} Rn, Rm
Exclusive OR
N,Z
3.5.2 on page 56.
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Table 15. STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ instructions (continued)
Mnemonic
Operands
Brief description
Flags
Section
ISB
-
Instruction
Synchronization
Barrier
-
3.7.5 on page 73.
LDM
Rn{!}, reglist
Load Multiple
registers, increment
after
-
3.4.5 on page 50.
LDR
Rt, label
Load Register from
PC-relative address
-
3.4.2 on page 47.
LDR
Rt, [Rn, <Rm|#imm>]
Load Register with
word
-
3.4.2 on page 47.
LDRB
Rt, [Rn, <Rm|#imm>]
Load Register with
byte
-
3.4.2 on page 47.
LDRH
Rt, [Rn, <Rm|#imm>]
Load Register with
halfword
-
3.4.2 on page 47.
LDRSB
Rt, [Rn, <Rm|#imm>]
Load Register with
signed byte
-
3.4.2 on page 47.
LDRSH
Rt, [Rn, <Rm|#imm>]
Load Register with
signed halfword
-
3.4.2 on page 47.
LSLS
{Rd,} Rn, <Rs|#imm>
Logical Shift Left
N,Z,C
3.5.3 on page 57.
LSRS
{Rd,} Rn, <Rs|#imm>
Logical Shift Right
N,Z,C
3.5.3 on page 57.
MOV{S}
Rd, Rm
Move
N,Z
3.5.5 on page 60.
MRS
Rd, spec_reg
Move to general
register from special
register
-
3.7.6 on page 74.
MSR
spec_reg, Rm
Move to special
register from general
register
N,Z,C,V
3.7.7 on page 75.
MULS
Rd, Rn, Rm
Multiply, 32-bit result
N,Z
3.5.6 on page 61.
MVNS
Rd, Rm
Bitwise NOT
N,Z
3.5.5 on page 60.
NOP
-
No Operation
-
3.7.8 on page 76.
ORRS
{Rd,} Rn, Rm
Logical OR
N,Z
3.5.2 on page 56.
POP
reglist
Pop registers from
stack
-
3.4.6 on page 52.
PUSH
reglist
Push registers onto
stack
-
3.4.6 on page 52.
REV
Rd, Rm
Byte-Reverse word
-
3.5.7 on page 62.
REV16
Rd, Rm
Byte-Reverse packed
halfwords
-
3.5.7 on page 62.
REVSH
Rd, Rm
Byte-Reverse signed
halfword
-
3.5.7 on page 62.
RORS
{Rd,} Rn, Rs
Rotate Right
N,Z,C
3.5.3 on page 57.
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Mnemonic
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Operands
Brief description
Flags
Section
RSBS
{Rd,} Rn, #0
Reverse Subtract
N,Z,C,V
3.5.1 on page 54.
SBCS
{Rd,} Rn, Rm
Subtract with Carry
N,Z,C,V
3.5.1 on page 54.
SEV
-
Send Event
-
3.7.9 on page 77.
STM
Rn!, reglist
Store Multiple
registers, increment
after
-
3.4.5 on page 50.
STR
Rt, [Rn, <Rm|#imm>]
Store Register as
word
-
3.4.2 on page 47.
STRB
Rt, [Rn, <Rm|#imm>]
Store Register as byte -
3.4.2 on page 47.
STRH
Rt, [Rn, <Rm|#imm>]
Store Register as
halfword
-
3.4.2 on page 47.
SUB{S}
{Rd,} Rn, <Rm|#imm>
Subtract
N,Z,C,V
3.5.1 on page 54.
SVC
#imm
Supervisor Call
-
3.7.10 on page
78.
SXTB
Rd, Rm
Sign extend byte
-
3.5.8 on page 63.
SXTH
Rd, Rm
Sign extend halfword
-
3.5.8 on page 63.
TST
Rn, Rm
Logical AND based
test
N,Z
3.5.9 on page 64.
UXTB
Rd, Rm
Zero extend a byte
-
3.5.8 on page 63.
UXTH
Rd, Rm
Zero extend a
halfword
-
3.5.8 on page 63.
WFE
-
Wait For Event
-
3.7.11 on page 79.
WFI
-
Wait For Interrupt
-
3.7.12 on page
80.
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3.2
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set
Intrinsic functions
ISO/IEC C code cannot directly access some STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ instructions. This
section describes intrinsic functions that can generate these instructions, provided by the
CMSIS and that might be provided by a C compiler. If a C compiler does not support an
appropriate intrinsic function, you might have to use inline assembler to access the relevant
instruction.
The CMSIS provides the following intrinsic functions to generate instructions that ISO/IEC C
code cannot directly access:
Table 16. CMSIS intrinsic functions to generate some STM32L0 Cortex-M0+
instructions
Instruction
CMSIS intrinsic function
CPSIE i
void __enable_irq(void)
CPSID i
void __disable_irq(void)
ISB
void __ISB(void)
DSB
void __DSB(void)
DMB
void __DMB(void)
NOP
void __NOP(void)
REV
uint32_t __REV(uint32_t int value)
REV16
uint32_t __REV16(uint32_t int value)
REVSH
uint32_t __REVSH(uint32_t int value)
SEV
void __SEV(void)
WFE
void __WFE(void)
WFI
void __WFI(void)
The CMSIS also provides a number of functions for accessing the special registers using
MRS and MSR instructions
:
Table 17. CMSIS intrinsic functions to access the special registers
Special register
PRIMASK
CONTROL
MSP
PSP
Access
CMSIS function
Read
uint32_t __get_PRIMASK (void)
Write
void __set_PRIMASK (uint32_t value)
Read
uint32_t __get_CONTROL (void)
Write
void __set_CONTROL (uint32_t value)
Read
uint32_t __get_MSP (void)
Write
void __set_MSP (uint32_t TopOfMainStack)
Read
uint32_t __get_PSP (void)
Write
void __set_PSP (uint32_t TopOfProcStack)
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About the instruction descriptions
The following sections give more information about using the instructions:
3.3.1
•
Operands.
•
Restrictions when using PC or SP.
•
Shift Operations.
•
Address alignment.
•
PC-relative expressions.
•
Conditional execution.
Operands
An instruction operand can be an ARM register, a constant, or another instruction-specific
parameter. Instructions act on the operands and often store the result in a destination
register. When there is a destination register in the instruction, it is usually specified before
the other operands.
3.3.2
Restrictions when using PC or SP
Many instructions are unable to use, or have restrictions on whether you can use, the
Program Counter (PC) or Stack Pointer (SP) for the operands or destination register. See
instruction descriptions for more information.
Note:
When you update the PC with a BX, BLX, or POP instruction, bit[0] of any address must be 1
for correct execution. This is because this bit indicates the destination instruction set, and
the STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor only supports Thumb instructions. When a BL or BLX
instruction writes the value of bit[0] into the LR it is automatically assigned the value 1.
3.3.3
Shift Operations
Register shift operations move the bits in a register left or right by a specified number of bits,
the shift length. Register shift can be performed directly by the instructions ASR, LSR, LSL,
and ROR and the result is written to a destination register.
The permitted shift lengths depend on the shift type and the instruction, see the individual
instruction description. If the shift length is 0, no shift occurs. Register shift operations
update the carry flag except when the specified shift length is 0. The following sub-sections
describe the various shift operations and how they affect the carry flag. In these
descriptions, Rm is the register containing the value to be shifted, and n is the shift length.
ASR
Arithmetic shift right by n bits moves the left-hand 32-n bits of the register Rm, to the right by
n places, into the right-hand 32-n bits of the result, and it copies the original bit[31] of the
register into the left-hand n bits of the result. See Figure 9 on page 41.
You can use the ASR operation to divide the signed value in the register Rm by 2n, with the
result being rounded towards negative-infinity.
When the instruction is ASRS the carry flag is updated to the last bit shifted out, bit[n-1], of
the register Rm
Note:
If n is 32 or more, then all the bits in the result are cleared to 0.
If n is 33 or more and the carry flag is updated, it is updated to 0.
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Figure 9. ASR#3
&DUU\
)ODJ
069
LSR
Logical shift right by n bits moves the left-hand 32-n bits of the register Rm, to the right by n
places, into the right-hand 32-n bits of the result, and it sets the left-hand n bits of the result
to 0. See Figure 10 on page 41.
You can use the LSR operation to divide the value in the register Rm by 2n, if the value is
regarded as an unsigned integer.
When the instruction is LSRS, the carry flag is updated to the last bit shifted out, bit[n-1], of
the register Rm.
Note:
If n is 32 or more, then all the bits in the result are cleared to 0.
If n is 33 or more and the carry flag is updated, it is updated to 0.
Figure 10. LSR#3
&DUU\
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LSL
Logical shift left by n bits moves the right-hand 32-n bits of the register Rm, to the left by n
places, into the left-hand 32-n bits of the result, and it sets the right-hand n bits of the result
to 0. See Figure 11 on page 42.
You can use the LSL operation to multiply the value in the register Rm by 2n, if the value is
regarded as an unsigned integer or a two’s complement signed integer. Overflow can occur
without warning.
When the instruction is LSLS the carry flag is updated to the last bit shifted out, bit[32-n],
of the register Rm. These instructions do not affect the carry flag when used with LSL#0.
Note:
If n is 32 or more, then all the bits in the result are cleared to 0.
If n is 33 or more and the carry flag is updated, it is updated to 0.
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Figure 11. LSL #3
&DUU\
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ROR
Rotate right by n bits moves the left-hand 32-nbits of the register Rm, to the right by n places,
into the right-hand 32-n bits of the result, and it moves the right-hand n bits of the register
into the left-hand n bits of the result. See Figure 12 on page 42.
When the instruction is RORS the carry flag is updated to the last bit rotation, bit[n-1], of the
register Rm.
Note:
If n is 32, then the value of the result is same as the value in Rm, and if the carry flag is
updated, it is updated to bit[31] of Rm.
If ROR with shift length, n, greater than 32 is the same as ROR with shift length n-32
Figure 12. ROR #3
&DUU\
)ODJ
069
3.3.4
Address alignment
An aligned access is an operation where a word-aligned address is used for a word, or
multiple word access, or where a halfword-aligned address is used for a halfword access.
Byte accesses are always aligned.
There is no support for unaligned accesses on the STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor. Any
attempt to perform an unaligned memory access operation results in a HardFault exception.
3.3.5
PC-relative expressions
A PC-relative expression or label is a symbol that represents the address of an instruction or
literal data. It is represented in the instruction as the PC value plus or minus a numeric
offset. The assembler calculates the required offset from the label and the address of the
current instruction. If the offset is too big, the assembler produces an error.
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The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set
For most instructions, the value of the PC is the address of the current instruction plus 4
bytes.
Your assembler might permit other syntaxes for PC-relative expressions, such as a label
plus or minus a number, or an expression of the form [PC,#imm].
3.3.6
Conditional execution
Most data processing instructions update the condition flags in the Application Program
Status Register (APSR) according to the result of the operation, see Application Program
Status Register on page 15. Some instructions update all flags, and some only update a
subset. If a flag is not updated, the original value is preserved. See the instruction
descriptions for the flags they affect.
You can execute a conditional branch instruction, based on the condition flags set in another
instruction, either:
•
Immediately after the instruction that updated the flags.
•
After any number of intervening instructions that have not updated the flags.
On the STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor, conditional execution is available by using
conditional branches.
This section describes:
•
The condition flags on page 43.
•
Condition code suffixes on page 44.
The condition flags
The APSR contains the following condition flags:
N
Set to 1 when the result of the operation was negative, cleared to 0 otherwise
Z
Set to 1 when the result of the operation was zero, cleared to 0 otherwise.
C
Set to 1 when the operation resulted in a carry, cleared to 0 otherwise.
V
Set to 1 when the operation caused overflow, cleared to 0 otherwise.
For more information about the APSR see Program Status Register on page 14.
A carry occurs:
•
If the result of an addition is greater than or equal to 232.
•
If the result of a subtraction is positive or zero.
•
As the result of a shift or rotate instruction.
Overflow occurs when the sign of the result, in bit[31], does not match the sign of the result
had the operation been performed at infinite precision, for example:
•
If adding two negative values results in a positive value.
•
If adding two positive values results in a negative value.
•
If subtracting a positive value from a negative value generates a positive value.
•
If subtracting a negative value from a positive value generates a negative value.
The Compare operations are identical to subtracting, for CMP, or adding, for CMN, except that
the result is discarded. See the instruction descriptions for more information.
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Condition code suffixes
Conditional branch is shown in syntax descriptions as B{cond}. A branch instruction with a
condition code is only taken if the condition code flags in the APSR meet the specified
condition, otherwise the branch instruction is ignored. Table 18 shows the condition codes
to use.
Table 18 also shows the relationship between condition code suffixes and the N, Z, C, and V
flags
.
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Table 18. Condition code suffixes
Suffix
Flags
Meaning
EQ
Z=1
Equal, last flag setting result was zero.
NE
Z=0
Not equal, last flag setting result was non-zero.
CS or HS
C=1
Higher or same, unsigned.
CC or LO
C=0
Lower, unsigned.
MI
N=1
Negative.
PL
N=0
Positive or zero.
VS
V=1
Overflow.
VC
V=0
No overflow.
HI
C = 1 and Z = 0
Higher, unsigned.
LS
C = 0 or Z = 1
Lower or same, unsigned.
GE
N=V
Greater than or equal, signed.
LT
N != V
Less than, signed.
GT
Z = 0 and N = V
Greater than, signed.
LE
Z = 1 or N != V
Less than or equal, signed.
AL
Can have any value
Always. This is the default when no suffix is specified.
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3.4
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set
Memory access instructions
Table 19 shows the memory access instructions
:
Table 19. Memory access instructions
Mnemonic
Brief description
See
ADR
Generate PC-relative address
3.4.1: ADR on page 46.
LDM
Load Multiple registers
3.4.5: LDM and STM on page 50.
LDR{type}
Load Register using immediate offset
3.4.2: LDR and STR, immediate offset on page 47.
LDR{type}
Load Register using register offset
3.4.3: LDR and STR, register offset on page 48.
LDR
Load Register from PC-relative address
3.4.4: LDR, PC-relative on page 49.
POP
Pop registers from stack
3.4.6: PUSH and POP on page 52.
PUSH
Push registers onto stack
3.4.6: PUSH and POP on page 52.
STM
Store Multiple registers
3.4.5: LDM and STM on page 50.
STR{type}
Store Register using immediate offset
3.4.2: LDR and STR, immediate offset on page 47.
STR{type}
Store Register using register offset
3.4.3: LDR and STR, register offset on page 48.
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ADR
Generates a PC-relative address.
Syntax
ADR Rd, label
where:
Rd
Is the destination register.
label
Is a PC-relative expression. See 3.3.5: PC-relative expressions on page 42.
Operation
ADR generates an address by adding an immediate value to the PC, and writes the result to
the destination register.
ADR facilitates the generation of position-independent code, because the address is
PC-relative.
If you use ADR to generate a target address for a BX or BLX instruction, you must ensure
that bit[0] of the address you generate is set to 1 for correct execution.
Restrictions
In this instruction Rd must specify R0-R7. The data-value addressed must be word aligned
and within 1020 bytes of the current PC.
Condition flags
This instruction does not change the flags.
Examples
ADR R1, TextMessage ; Write address value of a location labelled as;
TextMessage to R1
ADR R3, [PC,#996]
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The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set
LDR and STR, immediate offset
Load and Store with immediate offset.
Syntax
LDR Rt, [<Rn | SP> {, #imm}]
LDR<B|H> Rt, [Rn {, #imm}]
STR Rt, [<Rn | SP>, {,#imm}]
STR<B|H> Rt, [Rn {,#imm}]
where:
Rt
Is the register to load or store.
Rn
Is the register on which the memory address is based
imm
Is an offset from Rn. If imm is omitted, it is assumed to be zero.
Operation
LDR, LDRB and LDRH instructions load the register specified by Rt with either a word, byte
or halfword data value from memory. Sizes less than word are zero extended to 32-bits
before being written to the register specified by Rt.
STR, STRB and STRH instructions store the word, least-significant byte or lower halfword
contained in the single register specified by Rt in to memory. The memory address to load
from or store to is the sum of the value in the register specified by either Rn or SP and the
immediate value imm.
Restrictions
In these instructions:
•
Rt and Rn must only specify R0-R7.
•
imm must be between:
•
–
0 and 1020 and an integer multiple of four for LDR and STR using SP as the base
register.
–
0 and 124 and an integer multiple of four for LDR and STR using R0-R7 as the
base register.
–
0 and 62 and an integer multiple of two for LDRH and STRH.
–
0 and 31 for LDRB and STRB.
The computed address must be divisible by the number of bytes in the transaction, see
3.3.4: Address alignment on page 42.
Condition flags
These instructions do not change the flags.
Examples
LDR R4, [R7 ; Loads R4 from the address in R7.
STR R2,[R0,#const-struc] ; const-struc is an expression evaluating
; to a constant in the range 0-1020.
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LDR and STR, register offset
Load and Store with register offset.
Syntax
LDR Rt, [Rn, Rm]
LDR<B|H> Rt, [Rn, Rm]
LDR<SB|SH> Rt, [Rn, Rm]
STR Rt, [Rn, Rm]
STR<B|H> Rt, [Rn, Rm]
where:
Rt
Is the register to load or store.
Rn
Is the register on which the memory address is based
Rm
s a register containing a value to be used as the offset
Operation
LDR, LDRB, LDRH, LDRSB and LDRSH load the register specified by Rt with either a
word, zero extended byte, zero extended halfword, sign extended byte or sign extended
halfword value from memory.
STR, STRB and STRH store the word, least-significant byte or lower halfword contained in
the single register specified by Rt into memory.
The memory address to load from or store to is the sum of the values in the registers
specified by Rn and Rm.
Restrictions
In these instructions:
•
Rt, Rn, and Rm must only specify R0-R7.
•
The computed memory address must be divisible by the number of bytes in the load or
store, see 3.3.4: Address alignment on page 42.
Condition flags
These instructions do not change the flags.
Examples
STR R0, [R5, R1]
LDRSH
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R1, [R2, R3]
;
;
;
;
;
Store value of R0 into an address equal to
sum of R5 and R1
Load a halfword from the memory address
specified by (R2 + R3), sign extend to 32-bits
and write to R1.
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The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set
LDR, PC-relative
Load register (literal) from memory.
Syntax
LDR Rt, label
where:
Rt
Is the register to load
label
Is a PC-relative expression. See 3.3.5: PC-relative expressions on page 42.
Operation
Loads the register specified by Rt from the word in memory specified by label.
Restrictions
In these instructions, label must be within 1020 bytes of the current PC and word aligned.
Condition flags
These instructions do not change the flags.
Examples
LDR
R0, LookUpTable
LDR
R3, [PC, #100]
; Load R0 with a word of data from an address
; labelled as LookUpTable.
; Load R3 with memory word at (PC + 100).
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LDM and STM
Load and Store Multiple registers.
Syntax
LDM Rn{!}, reglist
STM Rn!, reglist
where:
Rn
Is the register on which the memory addresses are based.
!
Writeback suffix.
reglist
Is a list of one or more registers to be loaded or stored, enclosed in braces. It
can contain register ranges. It must be comma separated if it contains more
than one register or register range, see Examples on page 51.
LDMIA and LDMFD are synonyms for LDM. LDMIA refers to the base register being
Incremented After each access. LDMFD refers to its use for popping data from Full
Descending stacks.
STMIA and STMEA are synonyms for STM. STMIA refers to the base register being
Incremented After each access. STMEA refers to its use for pushing data onto Empty
Ascending stacks.
Operation
LDM instructions load the registers in reglist with word values from memory addresses
based on Rn.
STM instructions store the word values in the registers in reglist to memory addresses
based on Rn.
The memory addresses used for the accesses are at 4-byte intervals ranging from the value
in the register specified by Rn to the value in the register specified by Rn + 4 * (n-1), where n
is the number of registers in reglist. The accesses happens in order of increasing
register numbers, with the lowest numbered register using the lowest memory address and
the highest number register using the highest memory address. If the writeback suffix is
specified, the value in the register specified by Rn + 4 *n is written back to the register
specified by Rn.
Restrictions
In these instructions:
•
reglist and Rn are limited to R0-R7.
•
The writeback suffix must always be used unless the instruction is an LDM where reglist
also contains Rn, in which case the writeback suffix must not be used.
•
The value in the register specified by Rn must be word aligned. See 3.3.4: Address
alignment on page 42 for more information.
•
For STM, if Rn appears in reglist, then it must be the first register in the list.
Condition flags
These instructions do not change the flags.
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Examples
LDM
STMIA
R0,{R0,R3,R4}
R1!,{R2-R4,R6}
; LDMIA is a synonym for LDM
Incorrect examples
STM
LDM
R5!,{R4,R5,R6} ;Value stored for R5 is unpredictable
R2,{}
;There must be at least one register in the list
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PUSH and POP
Push registers onto, and pop registers off a full-descending stack.
Syntax
PUSH reglist
POP reglist
where:
reglist
Is a non-empty list of registers, enclosed in braces. It can contain register
ranges. It must be comma separated if it contains more than one register or
register range.
Operation
PUSH stores registers on the stack, with the lowest numbered register using the lowest
memory address and the highest numbered register using the highest memory address.
POP loads registers from the stack, with the lowest numbered register using the lowest
memory address and the highest numbered register using the highest memory address.
PUSH uses the value in the SP register minus four as the highest memory address, POP
uses the value in the SP register as the lowest memory address, implementing a fulldescending stack. On completion, PUSH updates the SP register to point to the location of
the lowest store value, POP updates the SP register to point to the location above the
highest location loaded.
If a POP instruction includes PC in its reglist, a branch to this location is performed when
the POP instruction has completed. Bit[0] of the value read for the PC is used to update the
APSR T-bit. This bit must be 1 to ensure correct operation.
Restrictions
In these instructions:
•
reglist must use only R0-R7.
•
The exception is LR for a PUSH and PC for a POP.
Condition flags
These instructions do not change the flags.
Examples
PUSH
PUSH
POP
52/110
{R0,R4-R7}
{R2,LR}
{R0,R6,PC}
;
;
;
;
Push R0,R4,R5,R6,R7 onto the stack
Push R2 and the link-register onto the stack
Pop r0,r6 and PC from the stack, then branch to
the new PC.
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3.5
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set
General data processing instructions
Table 20 shows the data processing instructions:
Table 20. Data processing instructions
Mnemonic
Brief description
See
ADCS
Add with Carry
3.5.1: ADC, ADD, RSB, SBC, and SUB on
page 54.
ADD{S}
Add
3.5.1: ADC, ADD, RSB, SBC, and SUB on
page 54.
ANDS
Logical AND
3.5.2: AND, ORR, EOR, and BIC on page 56.
ASRS
Arithmetic Shift Right
3.5.3: ASR, LSL, LSR, and ROR on page 57.
BICS
Bit Clear
3.5.2: AND, ORR, EOR, and BIC on page 56.
CMN
Compare Negative
3.5.4: CMP and CMN on page 59.
CMP
Compare
3.5.4: CMP and CMN on page 59.
EORS
Exclusive OR
3.5.2: AND, ORR, EOR, and BIC on page 56.
LSLS
Logical Shift Left
3.5.3: ASR, LSL, LSR, and ROR on page 57.
LSRS
Logical Shift Right
3.5.3: ASR, LSL, LSR, and ROR on page 57.
MOV{S}
Move
3.5.5: MOV and MVN on page 60.
MULS
Multiply
3.5.6: MULS on page 61.
MVNS
Move NOT
3.5.5: MOV and MVN on page 60.
ORRS
Logical OR
3.5.2: AND, ORR, EOR, and BIC on page 56.
REV
Reverse byte order in a word
3.5.7: REV, REV16, and REVSH on page 62.
REV16
Reverse byte order in each halfword
3.5.7: REV, REV16, and REVSH on page 62.
REVSH
Reverse byte order in bottom halfword
and sign extend
3.5.7: REV, REV16, and REVSH on page 62.
RORS
Rotate Right
3.5.3: ASR, LSL, LSR, and ROR on page 57.
RSBS
Reverse Subtract
3.5.1: ADC, ADD, RSB, SBC, and SUB on
page 54.
SBCS
Subtract with Carry
3.5.1: ADC, ADD, RSB, SBC, and SUB on
page 54.
SUBS
Subtract
3.5.1: ADC, ADD, RSB, SBC, and SUB on
page 54.
SXTB
Sign extend a byte
3.5.8: SXT and UXT on page 63.
SXTH
Sign extend a halfword
3.5.8: SXT and UXT on page 63.
UXTB
Zero extend a byte
3.5.8: SXT and UXT on page 63.
UXTH
Zero extend a halfword
3.5.8: SXT and UXT on page 63.
TST
Test
3.5.9: TST on page 64.
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ADC, ADD, RSB, SBC, and SUB
Add with carry, Add, Reverse Subtract, Subtract with carry, and Subtract.
Syntax
ADCS
{Rd,} Rn, Rm
ADD{S} {Rd,} Rn, <Rm|#imm>
RSBS
{Rd,} Rn, Rm, #0
SBCS
{Rd,} Rn, Rm
SUB{S} {Rd,} Rn, <Rm|#imm>
Where:
S
Causes an ADD or SUB instruction to update flags.
Rd
Specifies the result register.
reglist
Specifies the first source register.
Imm
Specifies a constant immediate value.
When the optional Rd register specifier is omitted, it is assumed to take the same value as
Rn, for example ADDS R1,R2 is identical to ADDS R1,R1,R2.
Operation
The ADCS instruction adds the value in Rn to the value in Rm, adding another one if the carry
flag is set, places the result in the register specified by Rd and updates the N, Z, C, and V
flags.
The ADD instruction adds the value in Rn to the value in Rm or an immediate value specified
by imm and places the result in the register specified by Rd.
The ADDS instruction performs the same operation as ADD and also updates the N, Z, C and
V flags.
The RSBS instruction subtracts the value in Rn from zero, producing the arithmetic negative
of the value, and places the result in the register specified by Rd and updates the N, Z, C
and V flags.
The SBCS instruction subtracts the value of Rm from the value in Rn, deducts another one if
the carry flag is set. It places the result in the register specified by Rd and updates the N, Z,
C and V flags.
The SUB instruction subtracts the value in Rm or the immediate specified by imm. It places
the result in the register specified by Rd.
The SUBS instruction performs the same operation as SUB and also updates the N, Z, C and
V flags.
Use ADC and SBC to synthesize multiword arithmetic, see Examples on page 55.
See also 3.4.1: ADR on page 46.
Restrictions
Table 21 lists the legal combinations of register specifiers and immediate values that can be
used with each instruction.
54/110
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The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set
.
Table 21. ADC, ADD, RSB, SBC and SUB operand restrictions
Instruction Rd
ADCS
R0-R7
Rn
Rm
R0-R7
R0-R7 -
Rd and Rn must specify the same register.
R0-PC -
Rd and Rn must specify the same register.
Rn and Rm must not both specify PC.
R0-R15 R0-R15
imm
Restrictions
R0-R7
SP or
PC
-
0-1020
Immediate value must be an integer multiple of
four.
SP
SP
-
0-508
Immediate value must be an integer multiple of
four.
R0-R7
R0-R7
-
0-7
-
R0-R7
R0-R7
-
0-255
Rd and Rn must specify the same register.
R0-R7
R0-R7
R0-R7 -
-
RSBS
R0-R7
R0-R7
-
-
SBCS
R0-R7
R0-R7
R0-R7 -
Rd and Rn must specify the same register.
SUB
SP
SP
-
0-508
Immediate value must be an integer multiple of
four.
R0-R7
R0-R7
-
0-7
-
R0-R7
R0-R7
-
0-255
Rd and Rn must specify the same register.
R0-R7
R0-R7
R0-R7 -
ADD
ADDS
SUBS
-
-
Examples
Example 1: shows two instructions that add a 64-bit integer contained in R0 and R1 to
another 64-bit integer contained in R2 and R3, and place the result in R0 and R1.
Example 1: 64-bit addition
ADDS
ADCS
R0, R0, R2
R1, R1, R3
; add the least significant words
; add the most significant words with carry
Multiword values do not have to use consecutive registers. Example 2: shows instructions
that subtract a 96-bit integer contained in R1, R2, and R3 from another contained in R4, R5,
and R6. The example stores the result in R4, R5, and R6.
Example 2: 96-bit subtraction
SUBS
SBCS
SBCS
R4, R4, R1
R5, R5, R2
R6, R6, R3
; subtract the least significant words
; subtract the middle words with carry
; subtract the most significant words with carry
Example 3: shows the RSBS instruction used to perform a 1's complement of a single
register.
Example 3: Arithmetic negation
RSBS
R7, R7, #0
; subtract R7 from zero
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AND, ORR, EOR, and BIC
Logical AND, OR, Exclusive OR, and Bit Clear.
Syntax
ANDS {Rd,} Rn, Rm
ORRS {Rd,} Rn, Rm
EORS {Rd,} Rn, Rm
BICS {Rd,} Rn, Rm
where:
Rd
Is the destination register.
Rn
Is the register holding the first operand and is the same as the destination
register.
Rm
Second register
Operation
The AND, EOR, and ORR instructions perform bitwise AND, exclusive OR, and inclusive
OR operations on the values in Rn and Rm.
The BIC instruction performs an AND operation on the bits in Rn with the logical negation of
the corresponding bits in the value of Rm.
The condition code flags are updated on the result of the operation, see Condition flags on
page 47.
Restrictions
In these instructions, Rd, Rn, and Rm must only specify R0-R7.
Condition flags
These instructions:
Update the N and Z flags according to the result.
Do not affect the C or V flag.
Examples
ANDS
ORRS
ANDS
EORS
BICS
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R2,
R2,
R5,
R7,
R0,
R2,
R2,
R5,
R7,
R0,
R1
R5
R8
R6
R1
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3.5.3
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set
ASR, LSL, LSR, and ROR
Arithmetic Shift Right, Logical Shift Left, Logical Shift Right, and Rotate Right.
Syntax
ASRS {Rd,} Rm, Rs
ASRS {Rd,} Rm, #imm
LSLS {Rd,} Rm, Rs
LSLS {Rd,} Rm, #imm
LSRS {Rd,} Rm, Rs
LSRS {Rd,} Rm, #imm
RORS {Rd,} Rm, Rs
where:
Note:
Rd
Is the destination register. If Rd is omitted, it is assumed to take the same
value as Rm.
Rm
Is the register holding the value to be shifted.
Rs
Is the register holding the shift length to apply to the value in Rm
Imm
Is the shift length. The range of shift length depends on the instruction:
ASR
shift length from 1 to 32
LSL
shift length from 0 to 31
LSR
shift length from 1 to 32.
MOVS Rd, Rm is a pseudonym for LSLS Rd, Rm, #0.
Operation
ASR, LSL, LSR, and ROR perform an arithmetic-shift-left, logical-shift-left, logical-shiftright or a right-rotation of the bits in the register Rm by the number of places specified by the
immediate imm or the value in the least-significant byte of the register specified by Rs.
For details on what result is generated by the different instructions, see 3.3.3: Shift
Operations on page 40.
Restrictions
In these instructions, Rd, Rm, and Rs must only specify R0-R7. For non-immediate
instructions, Rd and Rm must specify the same register.
Condition flags
These instructions update the N and Z flags according to the result.
The C flag is updated to the last bit shifted out, except when the shift length is 0, see 3.3.3:
Shift Operations on page 40. The V flag is left unmodified.
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Examples
ASRS
LSLS
LSRS
RORS
58/110
R7,
R1,
R4,
R4,
R5,
R2,
R5,
R4,
#9
#3
#6
R6
;
;
;
;
Arithmetic shift right by 9 bits
Logical shift left by 3 bits with flag update
Logical shift right by 6 bits
Rotate right by the value in the bottom byte of R6.
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3.5.4
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set
CMP and CMN
Compare and Compare Negative.
Syntax
CMN Rn, Rm
CMP Rn, #imm
CMP Rn, Rm
where:
Rn
Is the register holding the first operand.
Rm
Is the register to compare with.
Imm
Is the immediate value to compare with.
Operation
These instructions compare the value in a register with either the value in another register or
an immediate value. They update the condition flags on the result, but do not write the result
to a register.
The CMP instruction subtracts either the value in the register specified by Rm, or the
immediate imm from the value in Rn and updates the flags. This is the same as a SUBS
instruction, except that the result is discarded.
The CMN instruction adds the value of Rm to the value in Rn and updates the flags. This is the
same as an ADDS instruction, except that the result is discarded.
Restrictions
For the:
•
CMN instruction Rn, and Rm must only specify R0-R7.
•
CMP instruction:
–
Rn and Rm can specify R0-R14.
–
Immediate must be in the range 0-255.
Condition flags
These instructions update the N, Z, C and V flags according to the result.
Examples
CMP
CMN
R2, R9
R0, R2
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MOV and MVN
Move and Move NOT.
Syntax
MOV{S} Rd, Rm
MOVS Rd, #imm
MVNS Rd, Rm
where:
S
Is an optional suffix. If S is specified, the condition code flags are updated on
the result of the operation, see 3.3.6: Conditional execution on page 43.
Rd
Is the destination register.
Rm
Is a register.
Imm
Is any value in the range 0-255.
Operation
The MOV instruction copies the value of Rm into Rd.
The MOVS instruction performs the same operation as the MOV instruction, but also updates
the N and Z flags.
The MVSN instruction takes the value of Rm, performs a bitwise logical negate operation on
the value, and places the result into Rd.
Restrictions
In these instructions, Rd, and Rm must only specify R0-R7.
When Rd is the PC in a MOV instruction:
Note:
•
Bit[0] of the result is discarded.
•
A branch occurs to the address created by forcing bit[0] of the result to 0. The T-bit
remains unmodified.
Though it is possible to use MOV as a branch instruction, ARM strongly recommends the use
of a BX or BLX instruction to branch for software portability.
Condition flags
If S is specified, these instructions:
•
update the N and Z flags according to the result
•
do not affect the C or V flags.
Example
MOVS
MOVS
MOV
MOVS
MOV
MVNS
60/110
R0, #0x000B
R1, #0x0
R10, R12
R3, #23
R8, SP
R2, R0
;
;
;
;
;
;
Write
Write
Write
Write
Write
Write
value of 0x000B to R0, flags get updated
value of zero to R1, flags are updated
value in R12 to R10, flags are not updated
value of 23 to R3
value of stack pointer to R8
inverse of R0 to the R2 and update flags
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The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set
MULS
Multiply using 32-bit operands, and producing a 32-bit result.
Syntax
MULS Rd, Rn, Rm
where:
Rd
Is the destination register.
Rn, Rm
Ire registers holding the values to be multiplied.
Operation
The MUL instruction multiplies the values in the registers specified by Rn and Rm, and places
the least significant 32 bits of the result in Rd. The condition code flags are updated on the
result of the operation, see 3.3.6: Conditional execution on page 43.
The results of this instruction does not depend on whether the operands are signed or
unsigned.
Restrictions
In this instruction:
•
Rd, Rn, and Rm must only specify R0-R7.
•
Rd must be the same as Rm.
Condition flags
This instruction:
•
Updates the N and Z flags according to the result.
•
Does not affect the C or V flags.
Examples
MULS
R0, R2, R0
; Multiply with flag update, R0 = R0 x R2
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REV, REV16, and REVSH
Reverse bytes.
Syntax
REV Rd, Rn
REV16 Rd, Rn
REVSH Rd, Rn
where:
Rd
Is the destination register.
Rn
Is the source register.
Operation
Use these instructions to change endianness of data:
RER
REV
Converts 32-bit big-endian data into little-endian data or 32-bit little-endian
data into big-endian data.
REV16
Converts two packed 16-bit big-endian data into little-endian data or two
packed 16-bit little-endian data into big-endian data.
REVSH
Converts 16-bit signed big-endian data into 32-bit signed little-endian data or
16-bit signed little-endian data into 32-bit signed big-endian data.
Restrictions
In these instructions, Rd, and Rn must only specify R0-R7.
Condition flags
These instructions do not change the flags.
Examples
REV
REV16
REVSH
62/110
R3, R7
R0, R0
R0, R5
; Reverse byte order of value in R7 and write it to R3
; Reverse byte order of each 16-bit halfword in R0
; Reverse signed halfword
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The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set
SXT and UXT
Sign extend and Zero extend.
Syntax
SXTB Rd, Rm
SXTH Rd, Rm
UXTB Rd, Rm
UXTH Rd, Rm
where:
Rd
Is the destination register.
Rm
Is the register holding the value to be extended.
Operation
•
These instructions extract bits from the resulting value:
•
SXTB extracts bits[7:0] and sign extends to 32 bits.
•
UXTB extracts bits[7:0] and zero extends to 32 bits.
•
SXTH extracts bits[15:0] and sign extends to 32 bits.
•
UXTH extracts bits[15:0] and zero extends to 32 bits.
Restrictions
In these instructions, Rd and Rm must only specify R0-R7.
Condition flags
These instructions do not affect the flags.
Examples
SXTH
R4, R6
UXTB
R3, R1
;
;
;
;
;
Obtain the lower halfword of the
value in R6 and then sign extend to
32 bits and write the result to R4.
Extract lowest byte of the value in R10 and zero
extend it, and write the result to R3
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TST
Test bits.
Syntax
TST Rn, Rm
where:
Rn
Is the register holding the first operand.
Rm
The register to test against.
Operation
This instruction tests the value in a register against another register. It updates the condition
flags based on the result, but does not write the result to a register.
The TST instruction performs a bitwise AND operation on the value in Rn and the value in
Rm. This is the same as the ANDS instruction, except that it discards the result.
To test whether a bit of Rn is 0 or 1, use the TST instruction with a register that has that bit
set to 1 and all other bits cleared to 0.
Restrictions
In these instructions, Rn and Rm must only specify R0-R7.
Condition flags
This instruction:
•
updates the N and Z flags according to the result
•
does not affect the C or V flags.
Examples
TST
64/110
R0, R1 ; Perform bitwise AND of R0 value and R1 value,
; condition code flags are updated but result is discarded
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The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set
Branch and control instructions
Table 22 shows the branch and control instructions:
Table 22. Branch and control instructions
Mnemonic
Brief description
See
B{cc}
Branch {conditionally}
3.6.1: B, BL, BX, and BLX on page 66.
BL
Branch with Link
3.6.1: B, BL, BX, and BLX on page 66.
BLX
Branch indirect with Link
3.6.1: B, BL, BX, and BLX on page 66.
BX
Branch indirect
3.6.1: B, BL, BX, and BLX on page 66.
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B, BL, BX, and BLX
Branch instructions.
Syntax
B{cond} label
BL label
BX Rm
BLX Rm
where:
Cond
Is an optional condition code, see 3.3.6: Conditional execution on page 43.
label
Is a PC-relative expression. See 3.3.5: PC-relative expressions on page 42.
Rm
Is a register providing the address to branch to.
Operation
All these instructions cause a branch to the address indicated by label or contained in the
register specified by Rm. In addition:
•
the BL and BLX instructions write the address of the next instruction to LR, the link
register R14.
•
the BX and BLX instructions result in a HardFault exception if bit[0] of Rm is 0.
BL and BLX instructions also set bit[0] of the LR to 1. This ensures that the value is suitable
for use by a subsequent POP {PC} or BX instruction to perform a successful return branch.
Table 23 shows the ranges for the various branch instructions
.
Table 23. Branch ranges
Instruction
Branch range
B label
−2 KB to +2 KB.
Bcond label
−256 bytes to +254 bytes.
BL label
−16 MB to +16 MB.
BX Rm
Any value in register.
BLX Rm
Any value in register.
Restrictions
In these instructions:
•
Do not use SP or PC in the BX or BLX instruction.
•
For BX and BLX, bit[0] of Rm must be 1 for correct execution. Bit[0] is used to update the
EPSR T-bit and is discarded from the target address.
Note:
Bcond is the only conditional instruction on the STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor.
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Condition flags
These instructions do not change the flags.
Examples
B
BL
BX
BLX
BEQ
loopA ; Branch to loopA
funC
; Branch with link (Call) to function funC, return address
; stored in LR
LR
; Return from function call
R0
; Branch with link and exchange (Call) to a address stored
; in R0
labelD ; Conditionally branch to labelD if last flag setting
; instruction set the Z flag, else do not branch.
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Miscellaneous instructions
Table 24 shows the remaining STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ instructions
:
68/110
Table 24. Miscellaneous instructions
Mnemonic
Brief description
See
BKPT
Breakpoint
3.7.1: BKPT on page 69.
CPSID
Change Processor State, Disable Interrupts
3.7.2: CPS on page 70.
CPSIE
Change Processor State, Enable Interrupts
3.7.2: CPS on page 70.
DMB
Data Memory Barrier
3.7.3: DMB on page 71.
DSB
Data Synchronization Barrier
3.7.4: DSB on page 72.
ISB
Instruction Synchronization Barrier
3.7.5: ISB on page 73.
MRS
Move from special register to register
3.7.6: MRS on page 74.
MSR
Move from register to special register
3.7.7: MSR on page 75.
NOP
No Operation
3.7.7: MSR on page 75.
SEV
Send Event
3.7.9: SEV on page 77.
SVC
Supervisor Call
3.7.10: SVC on page 78.
WFE
Wait For Event
3.7.11: WFE on page 79.
WFI
Wait For Interrupt
3.7.12: WFI on page 80.
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The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set
BKPT
Breakpoint.
Syntax
BKPT #imm
where:
Is an integer in the range 0-255.
Imm
Operation
The BKPT instruction causes the processor to enter Debug state. Debug tools can use this
to investigate system state when the instruction at a particular address is reached.
Imm is ignored by the processor. If required, a debugger can use it to store additional
information about the breakpoint.
The processor might also produce a HardFault or go in to Lockup if a debugger is not
attached when a BKPT instruction is executed. See 2.4.1: Lockup on page 33 for more
information.
Restrictions
There are no restrictions.
Condition flags
This instruction does not change the flags.
Examples
BKPT #0
; Breakpoint with immediate value set to 0x0.
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CPS
Change Processor State.
Syntax
CPSID i
CPSIE i
Operation
CPS changes the PRIMASK special register values. CPSID causes interrupts to be disabled
by setting PRIMASK. CPSIE cause interrupts to be enabled by clearing PRIMASK. See
Exception mask register on page 17 for more information about these registers.
Restrictions
If the current mode of execution is not privileged, then this instruction behaves as a NOP and
does not change the current state of PRIMASK.
Condition flags
This instruction does not change the condition flags.
Examples
CPSID i ; Disable all interrupts except NMI (set PRIMASK.PM)
CPSIE i ; Enable interrupts (clear PRIMASK.PM)
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The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set
DMB
Data Memory Barrier.
Syntax
DMB
Operation
DMB acts as a data memory barrier. It ensures that all explicit memory accesses that appear
in program order before the DMB instruction are observed before any explicit memory
accesses that appear in program order after the DMB instruction. DMB does not affect the
ordering of instructions that do not access memory.
Restrictions
There are no restrictions.
Condition flags
This instruction does not change the flags.
Examples
DMB
; Data Memory Barrier
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DSB
Data Synchronization Barrier.
Syntax
DSB
Operation
DSB acts as a special data synchronization memory barrier. Instructions that come after the
DSB, in program order, do not execute until the DSB instruction completes. The DSB
instruction completes when all explicit memory accesses before it complete.
Restrictions
There are no restrictions.
Condition flags
This instruction does not change the flags.
Examples
DSB ; Data Synchronisation Barrier
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3.7.5
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set
ISB
Instruction Synchronization Barrier.
Syntax
ISB
Operation
ISB acts as an instruction synchronization barrier. It flushes the pipeline of the processor, so
that all instructions following the ISB are fetched from cache or memory again, after the ISB
instruction has been completed.
Restrictions
There are no restrictions.
Condition flags
This instruction does not change the flags.
Examples
ISB
; Instruction Synchronisation Barrier
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MRS
Move the contents of a special register to a general-purpose register.
Syntax
MRS Rd, spec_reg
where:
Rd
Is the general-purpose destination register.
spec_reg
Is one of the special-purpose registers: APSR, IPSR, EPSR, IEPSR,
IAPSR, EAPSR, PSR, MSP, PSP, PRIMASK, or CONTROL.
Operation
MSR stores the contents of a special-purpose register to a general-purpose register. The
MSR instruction can be combined with the MSR instruction to produce read-modify-write
sequences, which are suitable for modifying a specific flag in the PSR.
See 3.7.7: MSR on page 75.
Restrictions
In this instruction, Rd must not be SP or PC.
If the current mode of execution is not privileged, then the values of all registers other than
the APSR read as zero.
Condition flags
This instruction does not change the flags.
Examples
MRS
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R0, PRIMASK ; Read PRIMASK value and write it to R0
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The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set
MSR
Move the contents of a general-purpose register into the specified special register.
Syntax
MSR spec_reg, Rn
where:
Rn
Is the general-purpose source register.
spec_reg
Is the special-purpose destination register: APSR, IPSR, EPSR, IEPSR,
IAPSR, EAPSR, PSR, MSP, PSP, PRIMASK, or CONTROL.
Operation
MSR updates one of the special registers with the value from the register specified by Rn.
See 3.7.6: MRS on page 74.
Restrictions
In this instruction, Rn must not be SP and must not be PC.
If the current mode of execution is not privileged, then all attempts to modify any register
other than the APSR are ignored.
Condition flags
This instruction updates the flags explicitly based on the value in Rn.
Examples
MSR
CONTROL, R1 ; Read R1 value and write it to the CONTROL register
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NOP
No Operation.
Syntax
NOP
Operation
NOP performs no operation and is not guaranteed to be time consuming. The processor
might remove it from the pipeline before it reaches the execution stage.
Restrictions
There are no restrictions.
Condition flags
This instruction does not change the flags.
Examples
NOP
76/110
; No operation
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The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set
SEV
Send Event.
Syntax
SEV
Operation
SEV causes an event to be signaled to all processors within a multiprocessor system. It also
sets the local event register, see2.5: Power management on page 33.
See also 3.7.11: WFE on page 79.
Restrictions
There are no restrictions.
Condition flags
This instruction does not change the flags.
Examples
SEV ; Send Event
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SVC
Supervisor Call.
Syntax
SVC #imm
where:
Is an integer in the range 0-255.
Imm
Operation
The SVC instruction causes the SVC exception.
Imm is ignored by the processor. If required, it can be retrieved by the exception handler to
determine what service is being requested.
Restrictions
Executing the SVC instruction, while the current execution priority level is greater than or
equal to that of the SVCall handler, results in a fault being generated.
Condition flags
This instruction does not change the flags.
Examples
SVC
value
#0x32 ; Supervisor Call (SVC handler can extract the immediate
; by locating it through the stacked PC)
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The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ Instruction Set
WFE
Wait For Event.
Syntax
WFE
Operation
If the event register is 0, WFE suspends execution until one of the following events occurs:
•
An exception, unless masked by the exception mask registers or the current priority
level.
•
An exception enters the Pending state, if SEVONPEND in the System Control Register is
set.
•
A Debug Entry request, if debug is enabled.
•
An event signaled by a peripheral or another processor in a multiprocessor system
using the SEV instruction.
If the event register is 1, WFE clears it to 0 and completes immediately.
For more information see 2.5: Power management on page 33.
Note:
WFE is intended for power saving only. When writing software assume that WFE might
behave as NOP.
Restrictions
There are no restrictions.
Condition flags
This instruction does not change the flags.
Examples
WFE
; Wait for event
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WFI
Wait for Interrupt.
Syntax
WFI
Operation
WFI suspends execution until one of the following events occurs:
Note:
•
An exception.
•
An interrupt becomes pending which would preempt if PRIMASK.PM was clear.
•
A Debug Entry request, regardless of whether debug is enabled.
WFI is intended for power saving only. When writing software assume that WFI might
behave as a NOP operation.
Restrictions
There are no restrictions.
Condition flags
This instruction does not change the flags.
Examples
WFI ; Wait for interrupt
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4
STM32L0 Core Peripherals
4.1
About the STM32L0 core peripherals
The address map of the Private Peripheral Bus (PPB) is:
Table 25. Core peripheral register regions
Address
Core peripheral
Description
0xE000E008-0xE000E00F
System Control Block
Table 30 on page 88.
0xE000E010-0xE000E01F
Reserved
-
0xE000E010-0xE000E01F
System timer
Table 33 on page 95.
0xE000E100-0xE000E4EF
Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller
Table 26 on page 82.
0xE000ED00-0xE000ED3F
System Control Block
Table 30 on page 88.
(1)
0xE000ED90-0xE000EDB8
Memory Protection Unit
Table 35 on page 99.
0xE000EF00-0xE000EF03
Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller
Table 26 on page 82.
1. Software can read the MPU Type Register at 0xE000ED90 to test for the presence of a Memory Protection
Unit (MPU).
In register descriptions:
the register type is described as follows:
RW
Read and write.
RO
Read-only.
WO
Write-only.
•
the required privilege gives the privilege level required to access the register, as
follows:
Privileged
Only privileged software can access the register.
Unprivileged
Both unprivileged and privileged software can access the register.
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Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller
This section describes the Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC) and the registers it
uses. The NVIC supports:
•
32 interrupts.
•
A programmable priority level of 0-192 in steps of 64 for each interrupt. A higher level
corresponds to a lower priority, so level 0 is the highest interrupt priority.
•
Level and pulse detection of interrupt signals.
•
Interrupt tail-chaining.
•
An external Non-Maskable Interrupt (NMI).
The processor automatically stacks its state on exception entry and unstacks this state on
exception exit, with no instruction overhead. This provides low latency exception handling.
The hardware implementation of the NVIC registers is
:
4.2.1
Table 26. NVIC register summary
Address
Name
Type Reset value Description
0xE000E100
NVIC_ISER
RW
0x00000000
Interrupt Set-enable Register
on page 83.
0xE000E180
NVIC_ICER
RW
0x00000000
Interrupt Clear-enable Register
on page 83.
0xE000E200
NVIC_ISPR
RW
0x00000000
Interrupt Set-pending Register
on page 84.
0xE000E280
NVIC_ICPR
RW
0x00000000
Interrupt Clear-pending
Register on page 84.
0xE000E400-0xE000E4EF
NVIC_IPR0-7 RW
0x00000000
Interrupt Priority Registers on
page 85.
Accessing the STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ NVIC registers using CMSIS
CMSIS functions enable software portability between different Cortex-M profile processors.
To access the NVIC registers when using CMSIS, use the following functions:
Table 27. CMSIS access NVIC functions
CMSIS function
Description
void NVIC_EnableIRQ(IRQn_Type IRQn)(1)
void NVIC_DisableIRQ(IRQn_Type IRQn)
(1)
Enables an interrupt or exception.
Disables an interrupt or exception.
void NVIC_SetPendingIRQ(IRQn_Type IRQn)(1)
Sets the pending status of interrupt or exception to
1.
void NVIC_ClearPendingIRQ(IRQn_Type IRQn)(1)
Clears the pending status of interrupt or exception
to 0.
Reads the pending status of interrupt or exception.
uint32_t NVIC_GetPendingIRQ(IRQn_Type IRQn)(1) This function returns non-zero value if the pending
status is set to 1.
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Table 27. CMSIS access NVIC functions (continued)
CMSIS function
Description
void NVIC_SetPriority(IRQn_Type IRQn, uint32_t priority)(1)
Sets the priority of an interrupt or exception with
configurable priority level to 1.
uint32_t NVIC_GetPriority(IRQn_Type IRQn)(1)
Reads the priority of an interrupt or exception with
configurable priority level. This function return the
current priority level.
1. The input parameter IRQn is the IRQ number, see Table 13 on page 27 for more information.
4.2.2
Interrupt Set-enable Register
The NVIC_ISER enables interrupts, and shows which interrupts are enabled. See the
register summary in Table 26 on page 82 for the register attributes.
The bit assignments are:
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
SETPENA[31:16]
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
SETPENA[15:0]
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
Bits 31:0 SETENA: Interrupt set-enable bits
Write:
0: No effect
1: Enable interrupt
Read:
0: Interrupt disabled
1: Interrupt enabled
If a pending interrupt is enabled, the NVIC activates the interrupt based on its priority. If an
interrupt is not enabled, asserting its interrupt signal changes the interrupt state to pending,
but the NVIC never activates the interrupt, regardless of its priority.
4.2.3
Interrupt Clear-enable Register
The NVIC_ICER disables interrupts, and show which interrupts are enabled. See the
register summary in Table 26 on page 82 for the register attributes.
The bit assignments are:
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
CLRENA[31:16]
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
CLRENA[15:0]
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
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Bits 31:0 CLRENA: Interrupt clear-enable bits
Write:
0: No effect
1: Disable interrupt
Read:
0: Interrupt disabled
1: Interrupt enabled
4.2.4
Interrupt Set-pending Register
The NVIC_ISPR forces interrupts into the pending state, and shows which interrupts are
pending. See the register summary in Table 26 on page 82 for the register attributes.
The bit assignments are:
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
SETPEND[31:16]
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs7
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
SETPEND[15:0]
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
rs
Bits 31:0 SETPEND: Interrupt set-pending bits
Write:
0: No effect
1: Change interrupt state to pending
Read:
0: Interrupt is not pending
1: Interrupt is pending
Note:
Writing 1 to the NVIC_ISPR bit corresponding to:
•
•
4.2.5
An interrupt that is pending has no effect.
A disabled interrupt sets the state of that interrupt to pending.
Interrupt Clear-pending Register
The NVIC_ICPR removes the pending state from interrupts, and shows which interrupts are
pending. See the register summary in Table 26 on page 82 for the register attributes.
The bit assignments are:
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
CLRPEND[31:16]
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
CLRPEND[15:0]
rc_w1
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rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
rc_w1
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Bits 31:0 CLRPEND: Interrupt clear-pending bits
Write:
0: No effect
1: Removes pending state and interrupt.
Read:
0: Interrupt is not pending
1: Interrupt is pending
Note:
Writing 1 to an NVIC_ICPR bit does not affect the active state of the corresponding
interrupt.
4.2.6
Interrupt Priority Registers
The NVIC_IPR0-NVIC_IPR7 registers provide an 8-bit priority field for each interrupt. These
registers are only word-accessible. See the register summary in Table 26 on page 82 for
their attributes. Each register holds four priority fields as shown:
35,B
35,BQ
35,BQ
35,B
35,B
35,B
35,B
35,BQ
35,BQ
35,B
35,B
19,&B,35Q
35,B
19,&B,35
19,&B,35
069
Table 28. NVIC_IPRx bit assignments
Bits
Name
Function
[31:24]
Priority, byte offset 3
[23:16]
Priority, byte offset 2
[15:8]
Priority, byte offset 1
[7:0]
Priority, byte offset 0
Each priority field holds a priority value, 0-192. The
lower the value, the greater the priority of the
corresponding interrupt. The processor implements
only bits[7:6] of each field, bits [5:0] read as zero
and ignore writes. This means writing 255 to a
priority register saves value 192 to the register.
See 4.2.1: Accessing the STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ NVIC registers using CMSIS on page 82
for more information about the access to the interrupt priority array, which provides the
software view of the interrupt priorities.
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Find the NVIC_IPR number and byte offset for interrupt M as follows:
4.2.7
•
The corresponding NVIC_IPR number, N, is given by N = N DIV 4.
•
The byte offset of the required Priority field in this register is M MOD 4, where:
–
Byte offset 0 refers to register bits[7:0].
–
Byte offset 1 refers to register bits[15:8].
–
Byte offset 2 refers to register bits[23:16].
–
Byte offset 3 refers to register bits[31:24].
Level-sensitive and pulse interrupts
STM32L0 interrupts are both level-sensitive and pulse-sensitive. Pulse interrupts are also
described as edge-triggered interrupts.
A level-sensitive interrupt is held asserted until the peripheral deasserts the interrupt signal.
Typically this happens because the ISR accesses the peripheral, causing it to clear the
interrupt request. A pulse interrupt is an interrupt signal sampled synchronously on the
rising edge of the processor clock. To ensure the NVIC detects the interrupt, the peripheral
must assert the interrupt signal for at least one clock cycle, during which the NVIC detects
the pulse and latches the interrupt.
When the processor enters the ISR, it automatically removes the pending state from the
interrupt, see Hardware and software control of interrupts on page 86. For a level-sensitive
interrupt, if the signal is not deasserted before the processor returns from the ISR, the
interrupt becomes pending again, and the processor must execute its ISR again. This
means that the peripheral can hold the interrupt signal asserted until it no longer requires
servicing.
Hardware and software control of interrupts
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ latches all interrupts. A peripheral interrupt becomes pending for
one of the following reasons:
•
The NVIC detects that the interrupt signal is active and the corresponding interrupt is
not active.
•
The NVIC detects a rising edge on the interrupt signal.
•
Software writes to the corresponding interrupt set-pending register bit, see 4.2.4:
Interrupt Set-pending Register on page 84.
A pending interrupt remains pending until one of the following:
•
•
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The processor enters the ISR for the interrupt. This changes the state of the interrupt
from pending to active. Then:
–
For a level-sensitive interrupt, when the processor returns from the ISR, the NVIC
samples the interrupt signal. If the signal is asserted, the state of the interrupt
changes to pending, which might cause the processor to immediately re-enter the
ISR. Otherwise, the state of the interrupt changes to inactive.
–
For a pulse interrupt, the NVIC continues to monitor the interrupt signal, and if this
is pulsed the state of the interrupt changes to pending and active. In this case,
when the processor returns from the ISR the state of the interrupt changes to
pending, which might cause the processor to immediately re-enter the ISR. If the
interrupt signal is not pulsed while the processor is in the ISR, when the processor
returns from the ISR the state of the interrupt changes to inactive.
Software writes to the corresponding interrupt clear-pending register bit.
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For a level-sensitive interrupt, if the interrupt signal is still asserted, the state of the interrupt
does not change. Otherwise, the state of the interrupt changes to inactive.
For a pulse interrupt, state of the interrupt changes to:
4.2.8
–
Inactive, if the state was pending.
–
Active, if the state was active and pending.
NVIC usage hints and tips
Ensure software uses correctly aligned register accesses. The processor does not support
unaligned accesses to NVIC registers.
An interrupt can enter pending state even if it is disabled. Disabling an interrupt only
prevents the processor from taking that interrupt.
Before programming VTOR to relocate the vector table, ensure the vector table entries of
the new vector table are set up for fault handlers, NMI and all enabled exception like
interrupts. For more information, see 4.3.4: Vector Table Offset Register on page 91.
NVIC programming hints
Software uses the CPSIE i and CPSIDi instructions to enable and disable interrupts. The
CMSIS provides the following intrinsic functions for these instructions:
void __disable_irq(void) // Disable Interrupts
void __enable_irq(void) // Enable Interrupts
In addition, the CMSIS provides a number of functions for NVIC control, including:
Table 29. CMSIS functions for NVIC control
CMSIS interrupt control function
Description
void NVIC_EnableIRQ(IRQn_t IRQn)
Enable IRQn.
void NVIC_DisableIRQ(IRQn_t IRQn)
Disable IRQn
uint32_t NVIC_GetPendingIRQ (IRQn_t IRQn) Return true (1) if IRQn is
pending.
void NVIC_SetPendingIRQ (IRQn_t IRQn)
Set IRQn pending.
void NVIC_ClearPendingIRQ (IRQn_t IRQn)
Clear IRQn pending status.
void NVIC_SetPriority (IRQn_t IRQn,
uint32_t priority)
Set priority for IRQn.
uint32_t NVIC_GetPriority (IRQn_t IRQn)
Read priority of IRQn.
void NVIC_SystemReset (void)
Reset the system.
The input parameter IRQn is the IRQ number, see Table 13 on page 27 for more information.
For more information about these functions, see the CMSIS documentation.
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System Control Block
The System Control Block (SCB) provides system implementation information, and system
control. This includes configuration, control, and reporting of the system exceptions. The
SCB registers are:
Table 30. Summary of the SCB registers
Address
Name
Type
Reset value
Description
0xE000ED00
CPUID RO
0xE000ED04
ICSR
RW (1) 0x00000000
0xE000ED08
VTOR
RW
0xE000ED0C
AIRCR RW (1) 0xFA050000
0xE000ED10
SCR
RW
0x00000000 4.3.6: System Control Register on page 92.
0xE000ED14
CCR
RO
0x00000204
0xE000ED1C
SHPR
2
RW
0x00000000 System Handler Priority Register 2 on page 94.
0xE000ED20
SHPR
3
RW
0x00000000 System Handler Priority Register 3 on page 95.
0x410CC601 4.3.2: CPUID Register on page 88.
4.3.3: Interrupt Control and State Register (ICSR)
on page 89.
0x00000000 4.3.4: Vector Table Offset Register on page 91.
4.3.5: Application Interrupt and Reset Control
Register on page 91.
4.3.7: Configuration and Control Register on
page 93.
1. See the register description for more information.
4.3.1
The CMSIS mapping of the STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ SCB registers
To improve software efficiency, the CMSIS simplifies the SCB register presentation. In the
CMSIS, the array SHP[1] corresponds to the registers SHPR2-SHPR3.
4.3.2
CPUID Register
The CPUID register contains the processor part number, version, and implementation
information. See the register summary in Table 30 on page 88 for its attributes. The bit
assignments are:
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
IMPLEMENTER
22
21
20
19
VARIANT
18
17
16
Architecture
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
PART No
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Bits 31:24 Implementer: Implementer code
0x41: ARM
Bits 23:20 Variant: Major revision number n in the rnpm revision status:
0x0: Revision 0
Bits 19:16 Architecture: Constant that defines the architecture of the processor:
0xC: ARMv6-M architecture
Bits 15:4 PartNo: Part number of the processor
0xC60: = STM32L0 Cortex-M0+
Bits 3:0 Revision: Minor revision number m in the rnpm revision status:
0x1: patch 1
4.3.3
Interrupt Control and State Register (ICSR)
The ICSR:
•
Provides:
•
–
A set-pending bit for the Non-Maskable Interrupt (NMI) exception.
–
Set-pending and clear-pending bits for the PendSV and SysTick exceptions.
Indicates:
–
The exception number of the highest priority pending exception.
See the register summary in Table 30 on page 88 for the ICSR attributes. The bit
assignments are
31
30
NMIPE
NDSET
29
Reserved
28
rw
15
rw
14
13
12
r
r
26
25
w
rw
w
11
10
9
RETOB
ASE
VECTPENDING[3:0]
r
27
24
PEND PEND PEND PENDS
SVSET SVCLR STSET TCLR
r
r
23
Reserved
22
21
ISRPE
NDING
20
19
7
6
17
16
VECTPENDING[6:4]
Reserved
r
8
18
5
4
3
r
r
r
2
1
0
rw
rw
rw
VECTACTIVE[8:0]
Reserved
rw
rw
rw
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:
Bits
[31]
Table 31. ICSR bit assignments
Name
NMIPENDSET
[30:29] -
[28]
[27]
[26]
[25]
PENDSVSET
PENDSVCLR
PENDSTSET
PENDSTCLR
[24:18] -
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Type Function
rw
NMI set-pending bit.
Write:
0 = No effect.
1 = Changes NMI exception state to pending.
Read:
0 = NMI exception is not pending.
1 = NMI exception is pending.
Because NMI is the highest-priority exception, normally the
processor enters the NMI exception handler as soon as it detects
a write of 1 to this bit. Entering the handler then clears this bit to 0.
This means a read of this bit by the NMI exception handler returns
1 only if the NMI signal is reasserted while the processor is
executing that handler.
-
Reserved.
rw
PendSV set-pending bit.
Write:
0 = No effect.
1 = Changes PendSV exception state to pending.
Read:
0 = PendSV exception is not pending.
1 = PendSV exception is pending.
Writing 1 to this bit is the only way to set the PendSV exception
state to pending.
w
PendSV clear-pending bit.
Write:
0 = No effect.
1 = Removes the pending state from the PendSV exception.
rw
SysTick exception set-pending bit.
Write:
0 = No effect.
1 = Changes SysTick exception state to pending.
Read:
0 = SysTick exception is not pending.
1 = SysTick exception is pending.
w
SysTick exception clear-pending bit.
Write:
0 = No effect.
1 = Removes the pending state from the SysTick exception.
This bit is WO. On a register read its value is Unknown.
-
Reserved.
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Table 31. ICSR bit assignments (continued)
Bits
Name
Type Function
Indicates the exception number of the highest priority pending
enabled exception:
0 = No pending exceptions.
Nonzero = the exception number of the highest priority pending
enabled exception.
[17:12] VECTPENDING
r
Subtract 16 from this value to obtain the CMSIS IRQ number that
identifies the corresponding bit in the Interrupt Clear-Enable, SetEnable, Clear-Pending, Set-pending, and Priority Register, see
Table 6 on page 16.
[11:0]
-
-
Reserved.
When you write to the ICSR, the effect is Unpredictable if you:
4.3.4
•
write 1 to the PENDSVSET bit and write 1 to the PENDSVCLR bit
•
write 1 to the PENDSTSET bit and write 1 to the PENDSTCLR bit.
Vector Table Offset Register
The VTOR indicates the offset of the vector table base address from memory address
0x00000000. See the register summary for its attributes.
The bit assignments are:
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
TBLOFF[31:16]
rw
15
14
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
rw
rw
rw
TBLOFF[15:7]
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
Reserved
Bits 31:7 TBLOFF Vector table base offset field.
It contains bits[31:7] of the offset of the table base from the bottom of the memory map.
Bits 6:0 Reserved
4.3.5
Application Interrupt and Reset Control Register
The AIRCR provides endian status for data accesses and reset control of the system. To
write to this register, you must write 0x05FA to the VECTKEY field, otherwise the processor
ignores the write.
The bit assignments are:
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30
29
28
27
26
25
24
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
VECTKEYSTAT
ENDIA
NESS
SYS
VECT
RESET
CLR
Reserv
REQ ACTIVE
ed
Reserved
r
w
w
Bits 31:16 VECTKEY Register key
Register key:
Reads as Unknown
On writes, write 0x05FA to VECTKEY, otherwise the write is ignored.
Bit 15 ENDIANESS Data endianness bit
Reads as 0.
0: Little-endian
Bits 14:3 Reserved
Bit 2 SYSRESETREQ System reset request:
0: No effect
1: Requests a system level reset.
This bit reads as 0.
Bit 1 VECTCLRACTIVE
Reserved for Debug use. This bit reads as 0. When writing to the register you must write 0 to
this bit, otherwise behavior is unpredictable.
Bit 0 Reserved
4.3.6
System Control Register
The SCR controls features of entry to and exit from low power state. See the register
summary in Table 30 on page 88 for its attributes. The bit assignments are
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Reserved
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
SEVON
PEND
Reserved
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SLEEP
SLEEP
ON
DEEP
EXIT
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Bits 31:5 Reserved
Bit 4 SEVEONPEND Send Event on Pending bit
0 : Only enabled interrupts or events can wakeup the processor, disabled interrupts are
excluded.
1 = Enabled events and all interrupts, including disabled interrupts, can wakeup the
processor.
When an event or interrupt becomes pending, the event signal wakes up the processor from
WFE. If the processor is not waiting for an event, the event is registered and affects the next
WFE.
The processor also wakes up on execution of an SEV instruction or an external event.
Bit 3 Reserved, must be kept cleared
Bit 2 SLEEPDEEP
Controls whether the processor uses sleep or deep sleep as its low power mode:
0: Sleep
1: Deep sleep.
Bit 1 SLEEPONEXIT
Indicates sleep-on-exit when returning from Handler mode to Thread mode. Setting this bit to 1
enables an interrupt-driven application to avoid returning to an empty main application.
0: Do not sleep when returning to Thread mode.
1: Enter sleep, or deep sleep, on return from an ISR to Thread mode.
Bit 0 Reserved, must be kept cleared
4.3.7
Configuration and Control Register
The CCR is a read-only register and indicates some aspects of the behavior of the
STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ processor. See the register summary in Table 30 on page 88 for the
CCR attributes.
The bit assignments are
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Res.
USER
SET
MPEND
NON
BASE
THRD
ENA
rw
rw
Reserved
15
14
13
12
Reserved
11
10
9
8
STK
ALIGN
BFHF
NMIGN
rw
rw
7
Reserved
UN
DIV_0_
ALIGN_
TRP
TRP
rw
rw
Bits 31:10 Reserved, must be kept cleared
Bit 9 STKALIGN
Always reads as one, indicates 8-byte stack alignment on exception entry.
On exception entry, the processor uses bit[9] of the stacked PSR to indicate the stack
alignment. On return from the exception it uses this stacked bit to restore the correct stack
alignment.
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Bits 8:4 Reserved, must be kept cleared
Bit 3 UNALIGN_ TRP
Always reads as one, indicates that all unaligned accesses generate a HardFault.
Bit 2:0 Reserved, must be kept cleared
4.3.8
System Handler Priority Registers
The SHPR2-SHPR3 registers set the priority level, 0 to 192, of the system exception
handlers that have configurable priority.
SHPR2-SHPR3 are word accessible. See the register summary in for their attributes.
To access the system exception priority level using CMSIS, use the following CMSIS
functions:
•
uint32_t NVIC_GetPriority(IRQn_Type IRQn)
•
void NVIC_SetPriority(IRQn_Type IRQn, uint32_t priority)
The input parameter IRQn is the IRQ number, see Table 13 on page 27 for more
information.
The system handlers, and the priority field and register for each handler are:
Table 32. System fault handler priority fields
Handler
Field
Register description
SVCall
PRI_11
System Handler Priority Register 2 on page 94.
PendSV
PRI_14
SysTick
PRI_15
System Handler Priority Register 3 on page 95.
Each PRI_N field is 8 bits wide, but the processor implements only bits[7:6] of each field,
and bits[5:0] read as zero and ignore writes.
System Handler Priority Register 2
The bit assignments are:
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
PRI_6[7:4]
18
17
16
PRI_6[3:0]
Reserved
15
14
13
12
11
PRI_5[7:4]
rw
rw
rw
10
9
8
rw
rw
rw
rw
r
r
r
r
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PRI_5[3:0]
rw
r
r
r
PRI_4[7:4]
r
rw
rw
Bits 31:24 PRI_11: Priority of system handler 11, SVCall.
Bits 23:0 Reserved, must be kept cleared
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System Handler Priority Register 3
The bit assignments are
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
PRI_15
19
18
17
16
PRI_14
rw
rw
rw
rw
r
r
r
r
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
rw
rw
rw
rw
r
r
r
r
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Reserved
Bits 31:24 PRI_15: Priority of system handler 15, SysTick exception(1)
Bits 23:16 PRI_14: Priority of system handler 14, PendSV
Bits 15:0 Reserved, must be kept cleared
1. This is Reserved when the SysTick timer is not implemented.
4.3.9
SCB usage hints and tips
Ensure software uses aligned 32-bit word size transactions to access all the SCB registers.
4.4
SysTick timer (STK)
When enabled, the timer counts down from the reload value to zero, reloads (wraps to) the
value in the SYST_RVR on the next clock cycle, then decrements on subsequent clock
cycles. Writing a value of zero to the SYST_RVR disables the counter on the next wrap.
When the counter transitions to zero, the COUNTFLAG status bit is set to 1. Reading
SYST_CSR clears the COUNTFLAG bit to 0.Writing to the SYST_CVR clears the register
and the COUNTFLAG status bit to 0. The write does not trigger the SysTick exception logic.
Reading the register returns its value at the time it is accessed.
Note:
When the processor is halted for debugging the counter does not decrement.
The system timer registers are:
Table 33. System timer registers summary
Type
Required
Reset value
privilege
Description
0xE000E010 STK_CSR
RW
Privileged 0x00000000
4.4.1: SysTick Control and Status
Register (STK_CSR) on page 96.
0xE000E014 STK_RVR
RW
Privileged Unknown
4.4.2: SysTick Reload Value
Register (STK_RVR) on page 96.
0xE000E018 STK_CVR
RW
Privileged Unknown
4.4.3: SysTick Current Value
Register (STK_CVR) on page 97.
Address
Name
0xE000E01C STK_CALIB RO
4.4.4: SysTick Calibration Value
Privileged 0xC0000000(1) Register (STK_CALIB) on
page 97.
1. SysTick calibration value.
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SysTick Control and Status Register (STK_CSR)
The SYST_CSR enables the SysTick features. See the register summary in Table 33 on
page 95 for its attributes. The bit assignments are:
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
rw
rw
rw
Reserved
rc_r
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
Reserved
Bits31:17 Reserved, must be kept cleared.
Bit 16 COUNTFLAG Returns 1 if timer counted to 0 since the last read of this register.
Bits 15:3 Reserved, must be kept cleared.
Bit 2 CLKSOURCE Selects the SysTick timer clock source:
0 = External reference clock.
1 = Processor clock.
Bit 1 TICKINT Enables SysTick exception request:
0 = Counting down to zero does not assert the SysTick exception request.
1 = Counting down to zero to asserts the SysTick exception request.
Bit 0 ENABLE Enables the counter:
0 = Counter disabled.
1 = Counter enabled.
4.4.2
SysTick Reload Value Register (STK_RVR)
The STK_RVR specifies the start value to load into the SYST_CVR. See the register
summary in Table 33 on page 95 for its attributes. The bit assignments are:
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
RELOAD
Reserved
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
RELOAD
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
Bits31:24 Reserved, must be kept cleared.
Bits 23:0 RELOAD Value to load into the STK_CVR when the counter is enabled and when it reaches 0,
see Calculating the RELOAD value on page 96.
Calculating the RELOAD value
The RELOAD value can be any value in the range 0x00000001-0x00FFFFFF. You can
program a value of 0, but this has no effect because the SysTick exception request and
COUNTFLAG are activated when counting from 1 to 0.
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To generate a multi-shot timer with a period of N processor clock cycles, use a RELOAD
value of N-1. For example, if the SysTick interrupt is required every 100 clock pulses, set
RELOAD to 99.
4.4.3
SysTick Current Value Register (STK_CVR)
The STK_CVR contains the current value of the SysTick counter. See the register summary
in Table 33 on page 95 for its attributes. The bit assignments are:
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
CURRENT
Reserved
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
rc_w
rc_w
rc_w
rc_w
rc_w
rc_w
rc_w
rc_w
rc_w
rc_w
rc_w
rc_w
rc_w
rc_w
rc_w
rc_w
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
rc_w
rc_w
rc_w
rc_w
rc_w
rc_w
rc_w
CURRENT
rc_w
Bits31:24 Reserved, must be kept cleared.
Bits 23:0 CURRENT Reads return the current value of the SysTick counter.
A write of any value clears the field to 0, and also clears the SYST_CSR.COUNTFLAG bit to
0.
4.4.4
SysTick Calibration Value Register (STK_CALIB)
The STK_CALIB register indicates the SysTick calibration properties. See the register
summary in Table 33 on page 95 for its attributes. The bit assignments are:
31
30
29
NO
REF
SKEW
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
TENMS[23:16]
Reserved
r
r
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
TENMS[15:0]
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
Bit 31 NOREF: Reads as zero. Indicates that separate reference clock is provided. The frequency of
this clock is HCLK/8.
Bit 30 SKEW: Reads as one. Calibration value for the 1ms inexact timing is not known because
TENMS is not known. This can affect the suitability of SysTick as a software real time clock.
Bits 29:24 Reserved, must be kept cleared.
Bits 23:0 TENMS[23:0]:
Indicates the calibration value when the SysTick counter runs on HCLK max/8 as external
clock. The value is product dependent, please refer to the Product Reference Manual, SysTick
Calibration Value section. When HCLK is programmed at the maximum frequency, the SysTick
period is 1ms.
If calibration information is not known, calculate the calibration value required from the
frequency of the processor clock or external clock.
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SysTick usage hints and tips
The interrupt controller clock updates the SysTick counter. If this clock signal is stopped for
low power mode, the SysTick counter stops.
Ensure software uses word accesses to access the SysTick registers.
If the SysTick counter reload and current value are undefined at reset, the correct
initialization sequence for the SysTick counter is:
4.5
1.
Program reload value.
2.
Clear current value.
3.
Program Control and Status register.
Memory Protection Unit
This section describes the Memory Protection Unit (MPU).
The MPU can divide the memory map into a number of regions, and defines the location,
size, access permissions, and memory attributes of each region. It supports:
•
Independent attribute settings for each region.
•
Overlapping regions.
•
Export of memory attributes to the system.
The memory attributes affect the behavior of memory accesses to the region. The STM32L0
Cortex-M0+ MPU defines:
•
Eight separate memory regions, 0-7.
•
A background region.
When memory regions overlap, a memory access is affected by the attributes of the region
with the highest number. For example, the attributes for region 7 take precedence over the
attributes of any region that overlaps region 7.
The background region has the same memory access attributes as the default memory
map, but is accessible from privileged software only.
The STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ MPU memory map is unified. This means instruction accesses
and data accesses have same region settings.
If a program accesses a memory location that is prohibited by the MPU, the processor
generates a HardFault exception.
In an OS environment, the kernel can update the MPU region setting dynamically based on
the process to be executed. Typically, an embedded OS uses the MPU for memory
protection.
Configuration of MPU regions is based on memory types, see 2.2.1: Memory regions, types
and attributes on page 20.
Table 34 on page 99 shows the possible MPU region attributes. These include Shareability
and cache behavior attributes that are not relevant to most microcontroller implementations.
See MPU configuration for a microcontroller on page 107 for guidelines for programming
such an implementation.
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Table 34. Memory attributes summary
Memory type
Shareability Other attributes
Description
Strongly- ordered -
-
All accesses to Strongly-ordered memory
occur in program order. All Strongly-ordered
regions are assumed to be shared.
Device
Shared
-
Memory-mapped peripherals that several
processors share.
Non-shared
-
Memory-mapped peripherals that only a
single processor uses.
Shared
Non-cacheable
Write-through
Cacheable Writeback Cacheable
Normal memory that is shared between
several processors.
Non-shared
Non-cacheable
Write-through
Cacheable Writeback Cacheable
Normal memory that only a single processor
uses.
Normal
Use the MPU registers to define the MPU regions and their attributes. Table 35 on page 99
shows the MPU registers
Table 35. MPU registers summary
Address
Name
Type
Reset
value
Description
0xE000ED90
MPU_TYPE
RO
0x00000000 or
0x00000800(1)
4.5.1: MPU Type Register on
page 99.
0xE000ED94
MPU_CTRL
RW
0x00000000
4.5.2: MPU Control Register on
page 100.
0xE000ED98
MPU_RNR
RW
Unknown
4.5.3: MPU Region Number
Register on page 101.
0xE000ED9C
MPU_RBAR
RW
Unknown
4.5.4: MPU Region Base Address
Register on page 102.
0xE000EDA0
MPU_RASR
RW
Unknown
4.5.5: MPU Region Attribute and
Size Register on page 103.
1. Software can read the MPU Type Register to test for the precence of a Memory Protection Unit (MPU).
See MPU Type Register
4.5.1
MPU Type Register
The MPU_TYPE register indicates whether the MPU is present, and if so, how many
regions it supports. See the register summary in Table 35 on page 99 for its attributes. The
bit assignments are:
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
Reserved
20
19
18
17
16
r
r
r
IREGION[7:0]
r
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14
13
12
11
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10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
DREGION[7:0]
Reserved
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
0
SEPA
RATE
r
r
Bits 31:24 Reserved.
Bits 23:16 IREGION[7:0]: Indicates the number of supported MPU instruction regions.
Always contains 0x00. The MPU memory map is unified and is described by the DREGION
field.
Bits 15:8 DREGION[7:0]: Indicates the number of supported MPU data regions:
0x00 = Zero regions if your device does not include the MPU.
0x08 = Eight regions if your device includes the MPU.
Bits 7:1 Reserved.
Bit 0 SEPARATE: Indicates support for unified or separate instruction and date memory maps:
0 = Unified.
4.5.2
MPU Control Register
The MPU_CTRL register:
•
Enables the MPU.
•
Enables the default memory map background region.
•
Enables use of the MPU when in the HardFault or Non-Maskable Interrupt (NMI)
handler.
See the register summary in Table 35 on page 99 for the MPU_CTRL attributes. The bit
assignments are:
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
6
5
4
3
18
17
2
1
16
Reserved
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
Reserved
PRIVD HFNMI
EFENA
ENA
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Bits 31:3 Reserved, forced by hardware to 0.
Bit 2 PRIVDEFENA: Enable privileged software access to default memory map.
0: If the MPU is enabled, disables use of the default memory map. Any memory access to a
location not covered by any enabled region causes a fault.
1: If the MPU is enabled, enables use of the default memory map as a background region for
privileged software accesses.
Note: When enabled, the background region acts as if it is region number -1. Any region that
is defined and enabled has priority over this default map.
If the MPU is disabled, the processor ignores this bit.
Bit 1 HFNMIENA: Enables the operation of MPU during HardFault and NMI handlers.
When the MPU is enabled:
0 = MPU is disabled during HardFault and NMI handlers, regardless of the value of the
ENABLE bit.
1 = the MPU is enabled during HardFault and NMI handlers.
When the MPU is disabled, if this bit is set to 1 the behavior is Unpredictable.
Bit 0 ENABLE: Enables the MPU
0: MPU disabled
1: MPU enabled
When ENABLE and PRIVDEFENA are both set to 1:
•
For privileged accesses, the default memory map is as described in 2.2: Memory
model on page 20. Any access by privileged software that does not address an
enabled memory region behaves as defined by the default memory map.
•
Any access by unprivileged software that does not address an enabled memory region
causes a MemManage fault.
XN and Strongly-ordered rules always apply to the System Control Space regardless of the
value of the ENABLE bit.
When the ENABLE bit is set to 1, at least one region of the memory map must be enabled
for the system to function unless the PRIVDEFENA bit is set to 1. If the PRIVDEFENA bit is
set to 1 and no regions are enabled, then only privileged software can operate.
When the ENABLE bit is set to 0, the system uses the default memory map. This has the
same memory attributes as if the MPU is not implemented, see Table 11 on page 22. The
default memory map applies to accesses from both privileged and unprivileged software.
When the MPU is enabled, accesses to the System Control Space and vector table are
always permitted. Other areas are accessible based on regions and whether PRIVDEFENA
is set to 1.
Unless HFNMIENA is set to 1, the MPU is not enabled when the processor is executing the
handler for an exception with priority –1 or –2. These priorities are only possible when
handling a HardFault or NMI exception. Setting the HFNMIENA bit to 1 enables the MPU
when operating with these two priorities.
4.5.3
MPU Region Number Register
The MPU_RNR selects which memory region is referenced by the MPU_RBAR and
MPU_RASR registers. See the register summary in Table 35 on page 99 for its attributes.
The bit assignments are:
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30
29
28
27
26
25
24
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Reserved
7
Reserved
REGION
Bits31:8 Reserved, must be kept cleared.
Bits 7:0 REGION Indicates the MPU region referenced by the MPU_RBAR and MPU_RASR registers.
The MPU supports 8 memory regions, so the permitted values of this field are 0-7.
Normally, you write the required region number to this register before accessing the
MPU_RBAR or MPU_RASR. However you can change the region number by writing to the
MPU_RBAR with the VALID bit set to 1, see MPU Region Base Address Register on
page 102. This write updates the value of the REGION field.
4.5.4
MPU Region Base Address Register
The MPU_RBAR defines the base address of the MPU region selected by the MPU_RNR,
and writes to this register can update the value of the MPU_RNR. See the register summary
in Table 35 on page 99 for its attributes.
Write MPU_RBAR with the VALID bit set to 1 to change the current region number and
update the MPU_RNR. The bit assignments are:
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
ADDR[31:N]...
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
....ADDR[31:N]
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
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VALID
rw
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Bits 31:N ADDR[31:N]: Region base address field
The value of N depends on the region size.
For more information, see The ADDR field
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REGION[3:0]
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Bits N-1:5 Reserved, forced by hardware to 0.
Bit 4 VALID: MPU region number valid
Write:
0: MPU_RNR register not changed, and the processor:
–
Updates the base address for the region specified in the MPU_RNR
–
Ignores the value of the REGION field
1: the processor:
–
updates the value of the MPU_RNR to the value of the REGION field
–
updates the base address for the region specified in the REGION field.
Read:
Always read as zero.
Bits 3:0 REGION[3:0]: MPU region field
For the behavior on writes, see the description of the VALID field.
On reads, returns the current region number, as specified by the MPU_RNR register.
If the region size is 32B, the ADDR field is bits [31:5] and there is no Reserved field.
The ADDR field
The ADDR field is bits[31:N] of the MPU_RBAR. The region size, as specified by the SIZE
field in the MPU_RASR, defines the value of N:
N = Log2(Region size in bytes),
If the region size is configured to 4GB, in the MPU_RASR, there is no valid ADDR field. In
this case, the region occupies the complete memory map, and the base address is
0x00000000.
The base address must be aligned to the size of the region. For example, a 64KB region
must be aligned on a multiple of 64KB, for example, at 0x00010000 or 0x00020000.
4.5.5
MPU Region Attribute and Size Register
The MPU_RASR defines the region size and memory attributes of the MPU region specified
by the MPU_RNR, and enables that region and any subregions. See the register summary
in Table 34 on page 99 for its attributes.
The bit assignments are:
31
30
29
Reserved
28
27
XN
Reserv
ed
rw
15
14
13
12
11
26
25
24
rw
rw
rw
rw
22
AP[2:0]
21
20
rw
rw
rw
10
9
8
7
6
rw
rw
18
17
16
S
C
B
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
5
4
3
2
1
Reserved
rw
19
Reserved
SRD[7:0]
rw
23
SIZE
rw
rw
rw
0
EN
ABLE
rw
rw
rw
Bits 31:29 Reserved
Bit 28 XN: Instruction access disable bit:
0 = Instruction fetches enabled.
1 = Instruction fetches disabled.
Bit 27 Reserved, forced by hardware to 0.
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Bits 26:24 AP[2:0]: Access permission field, see Table 38: AP encoding
Bits 23:19 Reserved, forced by hardware to 0.
Bit 18 S: Shareable bit see Table 37 on page 105
Bit 17 C: Cacheable bit see Table 38 on page 105
Bit 16 B: Bufferable bit, see Table 37 on page 105
Bits 15:8 SRD: Subregion disable bits.
For each bit in this field:
0 = Corresponding sub-region is enabled.
1 = Corresponding sub-region is disabled.
See Subregions on page 106 for more information.
Bits 7:6 Reserved, forced by hardware to 0.
Bits 5:1 SIZE: Size of the MPU protection region.
Specifies the size of the MPU region. The minimum permitted value is 7 (b00111). See SIZE
field values on page 104 for more information
Bit 0 ENABLE: Region enable bit(1).
1. The region enable bit of all regions is reset to 0. This enables you to only program regions you want enabled.
For information about access permission, see MPU access permission attributes on
page 104.
SIZE field values
The SIZE field defines the size of the MPU memory region specified by the MPU_RNR. as
follows:
(Region size in bytes) = 2(SIZE+1)
The smallest permitted region size is 256B, corresponding to a SIZE value of 7. Table 36
gives example SIZE values, with the corresponding region size and value of N in the
MPU_RBAR
.
Table 36. Example SIZE field values
SIZE value
Region size
Value of N (1)
Note
b00111 (7)
256B
8
Minimum permitted size.
b01001 (9)
1KB
10
-
b10011 (19)
1MB
20
-
b11101 (29)
1GB
30
-
b11111 (31)
4GB
32
Maximum possible size.
1. In the MPU_RBAR, see MPU Region Base Address Register on page 102.
4.5.6
MPU access permission attributes
This section describes the MPU access permission attributes. The access permission bits,
C, B, S, AP, and XN, of the MPU_RASR, control access to the corresponding memory
region. If an access is made to an area of memory without the required permissions, then
the MPU generates a permission fault.
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Table 37 shows the encodings for the C, B, and S access permission bits
.
C
0
Table 37. C, B, and S encoding
B
S
Memory type
Shareability
Other attributes
0
- (1)
Strongly-ordered
Shareable
-
1
-(1) Device
Shareable
-
0
Not shareable
0
1
1
1
0
1
Normal
Shareable
Not shareable
Normal
Shareable
Outer and inner write-through. No write allocate.
Outer and inner write-back. No write allocate.
1. The MPU ignores the value of this bit.
Table 38 shows the AP encodings that define the access permissions for privileged and
unprivileged software
.
Privileged
Unprivileged
permissions
permissions
000
No access
No access
All accesses generate a permission fault.
001
RW
No access
Access from privileged software only.
010
RW
RO
Writes by unprivileged software generate a permission
fault.
011
RW
RW
Full access.
100
Unpredictable
Unpredictable
Reserved.
101
RO
No access
Reads by privileged software only.
110
RO
RO
Read only, by privileged or unprivileged software.
111
RO
RO
Read only, by privileged or unprivileged software.
AP[2:0]
4.5.7
Table 38. AP encoding
Description
MPU mismatch
When an access violates the MPU permissions, the processor generates a HardFault.
4.5.8
Updating an MPU region
To update the attributes for an MPU region, update the MPU_RNR, MPU_RBAR and
MPU_RASR registers.
Updating an MPU region
Simple code to configure one region:
; R1 = region number
; R2 = size/enable
; R3 = attributes
; R4 = address
LDR R0,=MPU_RNR
; 0xE000ED98, MPU region number register
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STR R1, [R0, #0x0]
STR R4, [R0, #0x4]
STRH R2, [R0, #0x8]
STRH R3, [R0, #0xA]
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;
;
;
;
Region
Region
Region
Region
Number
Base Address
Size and Enable
Attribute
Software must use memory barrier instructions:
•
Before MPU setup if there might be outstanding memory transfers, such as buffered
writes, that might be affected by the change in MPU settings.
•
After MPU setup if it includes memory transfers that must use the new MPU settings.
However, an instruction synchronization barrier instruction is not required if the MPU setup
process starts by entering an exception handler, or is followed by an exception return,
because the exception entry and exception return mechanism cause memory barrier
behavior.
For example, if you want all of the memory access behavior to take effect immediately after
the programming sequence, use a DSB instruction and an ISB instruction. A DSB is required
after changing MPU settings, such as at the end of context switch. An ISB is required if the
code that programs the MPU region or regions is entered using a branch or call. If the
programming sequence is entered using a return from exception, or by taking an exception,
then you do not require an ISB.
Subregions
Regions are divided into eight equal-sized subregions. Set the corresponding bit in the SRD
field of the MPU_RASR to disable a subregion, see MPU Region Attribute and Size Register
on page 103. The least significant bit of SRD controls the first subregion, and the most
significant bit controls the last subregion. Disabling a subregion means another region
overlapping the disabled range matches instead. If no other enabled region overlaps the
disabled subregion the MPU issues a fault.
Example of SRD use
Two regions with the same base address overlap. Region one is 128KB, and region two is
512KB. To ensure the attributes from region one apply to the first 128KB region, set the
SRD field for region two to b00000011 to disable the first two subregions, as the figure
shows.
Figure 13. Example of SRD use
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MPU design hints and tips
To avoid unexpected behavior, disable the interrupts before updating the attributes of a
region that the interrupt handlers might access.
When setting up the MPU, and if the MPU has previously been programmed, disable
unused regions to prevent any previous region settings from affecting the new MPU setup.
MPU configuration for a microcontroller
Usually, a microcontroller system has only a single processor and no caches. In such a
system, program the MPU as follows:
Table 39. Memory region attributes for a microcontroller
Memory region
C
B
S
Memory type and attributes
Flash memory
1
0
0
Normal memory, Non-shareable, write-through.
Internal SRAM
1
0
1
Normal memory, Shareable, write-through.
External SRAM
1
1
1
Normal memory, Shareable, write-back, write-allocate.
Peripherals
0
1
1
Device memory, Shareable.
In most microcontroller implementations, the shareability and cache policy attributes do not
affect the system behavior. However, using these settings for the MPU regions can make
the application code more portable. The values given are for typical situations. In special
systems, such as multiprocessor designs or designs with a separate DMA engine, the
shareability attribute might be important. In these cases refer to the recommendations of the
memory device manufacturer.
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I/O Port
STM32L0 Cortex-M0+ implements a dedicated I/O port for high-speed, low-latency access
to peripherals. The I/O port is memory mapped and supports all the load and store
instructions given in Memory access instructions on page 45. The I/O port does not support
code execution.
The STM32L0 general-purpose I/Os are accessed through the I/O port.
The I/O port can be protected by the MPU.
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Revision history
Revision history
Table 40. Document revision history
Date
Revision
15-Apr-2014
1
Changes
Initial release.
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