Power Matters Reverse Powering Its Benefits and Constraints Daniel Feldman – VP Business Development, Microsemi Agenda Why Fiber to the Distribution Point? MDU ONT Reverse Power Fed Benefits of Reverse Power Feeding (RPF) Force Power vs ETSI RPF Typical RPF Circuit RPF Constraints How much power can be delivered? How fair is this to the end user? Summary © 2014 Microsemi Corporation. Power Matters 2 Why Fiber to the Distribution Point (DP)? Cable competition can support over 1Gbit/s • • • • DOCSIS 3.0: 912Mbit/s in the US, 1.2Gbit/s in Europe DOCSIS 3.1: 10Gbit/s Real deployments already up to 250Mbit/s Works on standard hybrid coaxial/fiber already in place Fiber to the Home is expensive • Last 250 meters cost ~$1000 (source: http://arstechnica.com/techpolicy/2010/03/fiber-its-not-all-created-equal/) Last 250m need to compete with cable in terms of • Speed: G.FAST bringing up to 500Mbit/s (1Gbit/s w/vectoring) • Cost: Reverse Power Feeding (RPF) MDU/DSLAM from home eliminates added drilling and power metering © 2014 Microsemi Corporation. Power Matters 3 Multiple Dweller Unit ONT Reverse Power Fed Power fed to remote node over same copper pair as XDSL signal POTSA/POTSD CO cabinet DP NTE POTSD SG Central Office Fibre-fed Remote Node (cabinet or DP located) Derived Voice Local Power Feed Definitions RPF: Reverse Power Feeding PSE: Power Sourcing Equipment PD: Powered Device © 2014 Microsemi Corporation. Home network Power Matters 4 Benefits of Reverse Power Feeding Flexibility • No need for AC source proximity, or location safe for AC • No need to wait for the electrical company to install Cost per user lower than $31.25 • 8 users can be covered by a single MDU ONT+DSLAM • Average Smart Meter installation cost (for local power) is $250 (source: http://www.emeter.com/smart-grid-watch/2010/how-much-do-smartmeters-cost/ • RPF benefits increase with smaller MDU ONT+DSLAM – $250/8=$31.25 – $250/4=$62.50 – $250/2=$125.00 Standardized by ETSI • Interoperability • Safety © 2014 Microsemi Corporation. Power Matters 5 Force Power (non-ETSI) vs ETSI RPF Force Power (non-ETSI) ETSI RPF Power Up protocol Lower cost – doesn’t Additional component cost Power enabled through require extra components for startup protocol Power always exist on the line • Safety • End equipment exposed to constant high power – fire hazard Doesn’t Interoperate with foreign power (I.E. POTSDC) and ETSI standard successful handshaking • Active handshake – Requires both ends to be powered (battery/charge circuit) – Handshaking Protocol over data • Passive handshake – Resistive signature based detection doesn’t require power on DP side Interoperability with foreign power on the line and ETSI Standard © 2014 Microsemi Corporation. Power Matters 6 Typical RPF circuit for CPE and 8-port MDU CPE RPF components HPF xDSL IAD/Modem RJ11 Connector 1500Vrms Isolation • Power injection circuitry • Isolated boost • Larger AC/DC power supply 802.11 SoC Packetized Voice DSL AFE LPF RF Front End RJ11 Connector RPF PSE Isolated 12Và 55V Boost N-port Ethernet Switch xDSL SoC Ethernet PHY xN Nx RJ45 Connector 12VDC VAC Connector CPE RPF Injector Primary AC/DC 12VDC Non-Isolated DC/DC Internal AC/DC Power supply • Works with non-RPF modem • Pay for RPF only once Smart Power Sharing 12V RPF DP FE + Isolated DC/DC #1 12V Non-Isolated DC/DC DPU RPF components 3.3V, 1.8V, 1.1V, 0.9V,... • Power sharing circuit • 8xPower extraction circuit • Power conversion circuit Optical Connector CPU + MDU ONT/ Xceiver + xDSL DSP +xDSL AFE 125MHz, 70.656MHz, 25Mhz, ... RPF DP FE + Isolated DC/DC #2 RPF DP FE + Isolated DC/DC #3 RPF DP FE + Isolated DC/DC #4 RPF DP FE + Isolated DC/DC #5 RPF DP FE + Isolated DC/DC #6 Clock Management RPF DP FE + Isolated DC/DC #7 Crystal or Oscillator © 2014 Microsemi Corporation. RPF DP FE + Isolated DC/DC #8 VDC Connector MELT #1 37V to 57V Line Driver #1 LPF HPF MELT #2 LPF Line Driver #2 HPF MELT #3 LPF Line Driver #3 HPF MELT #4 LPF Line Driver #4 HPF MELT #5 LPF Line Driver #5 HPF MELT #6 LPF Line Driver #6 HPF MELT #7 LPF Line Driver #7 HPF MELT #8 LPF Line Driver #8 HPF RJ11 to CPE #1 RJ11 to CPE #2 RJ11 to CPE #3 RJ11 to CPE #4 RJ11 to CPE #5 RJ11 to CPE #6 RJ11 to CPE #7 RJ11 to CPE #8 Power Matters 7 Reverse Power Feeding Constraints Primary Constraints • Local safety standards: If user can be exposed, voltage must be <60V • Wires may have 0.4mm diameter: 26.78Ω at 100m • CPE devices at various ranges from DP: from 10m* to 250m** ….so…. • CPE Current limiting losses source output voltage is closer to 55V • Different power losses on every cable • Different input voltage on every port Need to define minimum …. so….. • Power available to power DP depends on distance and wire type • Load from every home is different fair power sharing needed Additional ETSI standard constraints • 21W, 15W and 10W maximum power output classes • POTS interoperability © 2014 Microsemi Corporation. Power Matters 8 Available Power for 21W class, 0.4mm cable Cable Length 10 50 100 150 200 250 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 55 55 55 55 55 55 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 Cable Resistance/length (0.4mm cable, AWG26) 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 Cable Loop Resistance (2 wires) Power loss on cable PD Voltage at the PD port Power available to DPU input RJ11 connector 2.68 13.39 26.78 40.17 53.56 66.95 0.33 1.64 3.28 4.92 6.56 8.20 54.06 50.31 45.63 40.94 36.25 31.57 18.92 17.61 15.97 14.33 12.69 11.05 Per pair Current (Plug) PSE Voltage at the port PSE Output Power Output power at 12V (simple current sharing) 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 18.36 17.05 15.41 13.77 12.13 10.49 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 16.52 15.34 13.87 12.39 10.91 9.44 Output regulated power (w/Short protection) 15.97 Diode Bridge Vfwd Diode losses PD Isolating Switch losses (0.6ohm) Input power to Isolated Converter Isolated Converter PoE to 12V Efficiency 14.83 13.40 11.98 10.55 9.12 Assumptions: a) Input voltage range on PD should be 36V to 60V b) VDSL2 application can work with 11.5W c) Minimum desirable range is 100m © 2014 Microsemi Corporation. Power Matters 9 Available Power for 21W class, 0.5mm cable Cable Length 10 50 100 150 200 250 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 55 55 55 55 55 55 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 Cable Resistance/length (0.5mm cable, AWG24) 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 Cable Loop Resistance (2 wires) Power loss on cable PD Voltage at the PD port Power available to DPU input RJ11 connector 1.68 8.40 16.80 25.20 33.60 42.00 0.21 1.03 2.06 3.09 4.12 5.15 54.41 52.06 49.12 46.18 43.24 40.30 19.04 18.22 17.19 16.16 15.13 14.11 Per pair Current (Plug) PSE Voltage at the port PSE Output Power Output power at 12V (simple current sharing) 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 18.48 17.66 16.63 15.60 14.57 13.54 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 16.63 15.89 14.97 14.04 13.11 12.19 Output regulated power (w/Short protection) 16.08 Diode Bridge Vfwd Diode losses PD Isolating Switch losses (0.6ohm) Input power to Isolated Converter Isolated Converter PoE to 12V Efficiency 15.36 14.47 13.57 12.68 11.78 Assumptions: a) Input voltage range on PD should be 36V to 60V b) VDSL2 application can work with 11.5W c) Minimum desirable range is 100m © 2014 Microsemi Corporation. Power Matters 10 Available Power for 30W class, 0.4mm cable Cable Length 10 50 100 150 200 250 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 55 55 55 55 55 55 27.50 27.50 27.50 27.50 27.50 27.50 Cable Resistance/length (0.4mm cable, AWG26) 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 Cable Loop Resistance (2 wires) Power loss on cable PD Voltage at the PD port Power available to DPU input RJ11 connector 2.68 13.39 26.78 40.17 53.56 66.95 0.67 3.35 6.70 10.04 13.39 16.74 53.66 48.31 41.61 34.92 28.22 21.53 26.83 24.15 20.81 17.46 14.11 10.76 Output power at 12V (simple current sharing) 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 25.98 23.30 19.96 16.61 13.26 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 23.38 20.97 17.96 14.95 11.93 1.40 0.70 0.15 9.91 90% 8.92 Output regulated power (w/Short protection) 22.60 8.62 Per pair Current (Plug) PSE Voltage at the port PSE Output Power Diode Bridge Vfwd Diode losses PD Isolating Switch losses (0.6ohm) Input power to Isolated Converter Isolated Converter PoE to 12V Efficiency 20.27 17.36 14.45 11.54 Assumptions: a) Input voltage range on PD should be 36V to 60V b) G.FAST application can work with 17.5W c) Minimum desirable range is 100m © 2014 Microsemi Corporation. Power Matters 11 Available Power for 30W class, 0.5mm cable Cable Length 10 50 100 150 200 250 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 55 55 55 55 55 55 27.50 27.50 27.50 27.50 27.50 27.50 Cable Resistance/length (0.5mm cable, AWG24) 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 Cable Loop Resistance (2 wires) Power loss on cable PD Voltage at the PD port Power available to DPU input RJ11 connector 1.68 8.40 16.80 25.20 33.60 42.00 0.42 2.10 4.20 6.30 8.40 10.50 54.16 50.80 46.60 42.40 38.20 34.00 27.08 25.40 23.30 21.20 19.10 17.00 Per pair Current (Plug) PSE Voltage at the port PSE Output Power Output power at 12V (simple current sharing) 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 26.23 24.55 22.45 20.35 18.25 16.15 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 23.61 22.10 20.21 18.32 16.43 14.54 Output regulated power (w/Short protection) 22.82 Diode Bridge Vfwd Diode losses PD Isolating Switch losses (0.6ohm) Input power to Isolated Converter Isolated Converter PoE to 12V Efficiency 21.36 19.53 17.70 15.88 14.05 Assumptions: a) Input voltage range on PD should be 36V to 60V b) G.FAST application can work with 17.5W c) Minimum desirable range is 100m © 2014 Microsemi Corporation. Power Matters 12 Power Limits Results Maximum DP port consumption with existing ETSI standard • Worst case condition: single CPE powering multi-port DPU • At 250m: 9.12W is this enough? • At 100m: 13.40W should be enough for VDSL2 DPU This may not be enough for G.FAST • For 17.5W DPU, need a 30W class at ETSI © 2014 Microsemi Corporation. Power Matters 13 End User cost allocation: is this fair? 20W load 10-150m 0.4mm cable 0.5mm cable Cable Length Per pair Current (Plug) PSE Voltage at the port PSE Output Power 16W load 10-250m 0.4mm cable 0.5mm cable 10 150 10 150 10 250 10 250 0.22 0.27 0.22 0.24 0.17 0.25 0.17 0.20 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 11.95 14.84 11.90 13.35 9.54 13.80 9.51 11.27 Cable Resistance/length 0.13 0.13 0.08 0.08 0.13 0.13 0.08 0.08 Cable Loop Resistance (2 wires) Power loss on cable PD Voltage at the PD port Power available to DPU input RJ11 connector 2.68 40.17 1.68 25.20 2.68 66.95 1.68 42.00 0.13 2.92 0.08 1.49 0.08 4.21 0.05 1.76 54.42 44.16 54.64 48.88 54.54 38.20 54.71 46.39 11.83 11.92 11.83 11.87 9.46 9.58 9.46 9.51 Output power at 12V (simple current sharing) 1.40 0.30 0.03 11.49 90% 10.34 1.40 0.38 0.04 11.49 90% 10.34 1.40 0.30 0.03 11.49 90% 10.34 1.40 0.34 0.04 11.49 90% 10.34 1.40 0.24 0.02 9.20 90% 8.28 1.40 0.35 0.04 9.20 90% 8.28 1.40 0.24 0.02 9.20 90% 8.28 1.40 0.29 0.03 9.20 90% 8.28 Output regulated power (w/Short protection) 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 Diode Bridge Vfwd Diode losses PD Isolating Switch losses (0.6ohm) Input power to Isolated Converter Isolated Converter PoE to 12V Efficiency PSE AC/DC efficiency AC power consumption Yearly power consumption Electricity cost Yearly electricity cost Yearly end user cost difference 75% 15.94 139.62 $ 0.20 $ $ 27.92 $ $ 75% 75% 19.79 15.87 173.33 139.04 0.20 $ 0.20 $ 34.67 $ 27.81 $ 75% 75% 17.81 12.72 155.98 111.39 0.20 $ 0.20 $ 31.20 $ 22.28 $ 75% 75% 18.40 12.67 161.16 111.02 0.20 $ 0.20 $ 32.23 $ 22.20 $ 75% 15.03 131.65 0.20 26.33 6.74 3.39 9.95 4.13 $ $ $ Assumptions: a) G.FAST application consumes 20W with 2 loads b) VDSL2 application consumes 16W with 2 loads c) Simple current sharing used, with 100% accuracy © 2014 Microsemi Corporation. Power Matters 14 Fair Power Sharing Definition: load each DP ports based on CPE consumption including cable losses, so loads are identical Option 1: communicate CPE power consumption • CPE host reads PSE power expensive isolation on every CPE • DPU reads power consumed from each CPE does it interoperate? • Precludes RPF Injector pay for RPF every CPE refresh Option 2: determine power consumption on DPU • • • • DPU FairPower™ infers cable length from input voltage DPU FairPower™ measures no load CPE output voltage Works with ANY CPE, with embedded RPF or RPF injector FairPower™ circuit cost spread over multiple ports © 2014 Microsemi Corporation. Power Matters 15 Summary Reverse Power Feeding is an important G.FAST enabler Work to be done at ETSI to fully support G.FAST • 30W class support FairPower™ sharing can simplify the acceptance of RPF © 2014 Microsemi Corporation. Power Matters 16