Analysis of Pumped Refrigerant Economizers Supporting The California Energy Commission Approval of the Liebert® DSETM System for Use in California Data Centers Table of Contents 3 Executive Summary 4 Energy and Water Savings - Technology Comparison for Annual TDV Compliance Value - Liebert® DSETM Pumped Refrigerant Economizer vs. Water and Airside Economizer Annual TDV Compliance Values - Water and Airside Economizer Annual Water Consumption 5 How the Liebert DSE System Works 5 California Building Codes 6 Compliance Modeling Method 6 Project Approval Process 6Summary 7 Appendix A - Exceptional Design Compliance Caluclations for all 16 Climate Zones 11 Appendix B 11 Appendix C 2 Analysis of Refrigerant Economizers in The California Energy Commission Executive Summary The California Energy Commission has approved the Liebert® EconoPhaseTM Pumped Refrigerant Economizer used by the Liebert DSETM thermal management system for use in California data centers under Title 24, as an alternative prescriptive method. The Liebert DSE system meets or exceeds the full intent of the CEC Title 24 Energy Code for Computer Rooms while additionally not requiring water for economization. The California Energy Code (Title 24) now requires all data centers to meet the efficiency requirement of either one of three prescriptive economization methods (outside air economization, water economization or pumped refrigerant economization) or to demonstrate through the Exceptional Design Compliance method the proposed solution meets or exceeds the energy efficiency of the prescriptive methods. This Technical Note describes the data, calculations and modeling submitted to the CEC that led to approval for pumped refrigeration economization as a prescriptive option for data center cooling. 3 Analysis of Refrigerant Economizers in The California Energy Commission Energy and Water Savings calculation with additional energy required when limiting the low end dew point of the outside air (at 41.9o F). The Liebert® DSETM data center cooling system with pumped refrigerant economization system is a break-through, disruptive technology that solves many building design issues for thermal management needs, and meets or exceeds the efficiency of most water and air economization methods. Specifically, it meets the requirement of full economization at 40o F outdoor temperatures, and in many cases full economization is achieved in most data centers at outdoor temperatures of 65o F or more. The results are summarized below in Charts 1 and 2, with details provided in Appendix A. The Liebert DSE system with EconoPhase pumped refrigerant economizer was shown to be more efficient than water economizers in every Climate Zone, except for zones 10 and 15, as well as more efficient in certain zones when compared to air economizers. In terms of water consumption, the Liebert DSE system uses no water, offering an advantage over the other two economizer methods. The Liebert DSE system eliminates the need for water in the heat rejection process, resulting in substantial annual savings, as seen in Appendix A. A cooling system with a water economizer uses an average of 4.3 million gallons of water per year for a data center with an IT load of 1.2 MW. Additionally, an economizer, for the same data center, using outside air consumes on average 2.7 million gallons (with no lower dew point control) or 3.2 million gallons (with lower dew point control) of water per year during the chiller operation. Other advantages of not utilizing water include a significant reduction in maintenance, chemical treatment, and risk of exposure to harmful water borne bacteria. The CEC modeling compared a water economizer system and air economization system to the Liebert DSE pumped refrigerant economizer system for all sixteen (16) climate zones in California. The modeling was completed by a third party engineering firm with PE licensure and LEED – AP qualification. The model used the Performance Compliance Approach – as specified in Section 140.1 of the Energy Code – with calculation methodology for a TDV (Time Dependent Valuation), a measure of energy usage employed by the CEC. The air economization system in the CEC program does not limit the lower dew point of the entering outside air, and thus the comparison includes an evaluation using the standard CEC program without dew point control and a Technology Comparison for Annual TDV Compliance Value 3,500 Water Economizer TDV Value 3,000 Air Economizer without dew point control Air Economizer with dew point control 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Liebert DSE system with Pumped Refrigerant Economizer Climate Zone Chart 1 Liebert DSE System Pumped Refrigerant Economizer vs. Water and Airside Economizers Annual TDV Compliance Value 600 Water Economizer TDV Value 400 Air Economizer without dew point control Air Economizer with dew point control 200 0 -200 -400 -600 -800 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Climate Zone Chart 2 4 Analysis of Refrigerant Economizers in The California Energy Commission How the Liebert® DSETM System Works Additionally, the Liebert DSE system uses Liebert iCOMTM thermal controls, which allow the unit to go into economization mode automatically when conditions meet the criteria to support the load with economization. This allows 100% of the available economization hours in the year to be utilized. Moreover, the economization mode is not based on a fixed outdoor temperature or chilled water temperature, and the unit is able to operate in economizer mode at much higher outdoor temperatures when the load varies (lower) or the return air conditions increases. The Liebert DSE thermal management system is the world’s most efficient DX system. It consists of an indoor evaporator (CRACstyle unit), air cooled condenser and a refrigerant pump package, as shown in Diagram 1. The system operates like a standard air cooled Direct Expansion (DX) system, but when the criteria for economization are met, the compressors turn off and a refrigerant pump is turned on to move the refrigerant through the system and reject the heat of the data center. The refrigerant pump power is typically less than 5% of the energy of the compressor, but yields the same capacity. The system control will adjust the point of partial and full economization, based on the IT load and the return air temperatures , as seen in Chart 3 for operations in California Climate Zone 3 (San Francisco). This means economization may occur at higher ambient conditions, leading to a higher number of economization hours, compared to a chilled water system. A chiller plant typically has a fixed chilled water temperature that dictates the ambient tempertaure where economization occurs. California Building Codes The California 2013 Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24), effective July 1, 2014, for Non Residential buildings (Subchapter 5) in Section 140.0(c) require either the performance compliance approach (energy budgets) in Section 140.1 or the prescriptive compliance approach in Section 140.2 for the Climate Zone in which the building will be located. The prescriptive requirement for Computer Rooms is further defined in Section 140.9, where either integrated air economizers or integrated water economizers are capable of providing 100 percent of the expected system cooling load. For water economizers, this must be met with outside air temperatures of 40°F dry-bulb/35°F wet-bulb conditions and below. Additionally, containment is required for rooms with design loads exceeding 175 kW per room. For the data center, this typically means you can drive return air temperatures to the cooling system higher than temperatures found in most office environments. It is not uncommon today to see this value exceed 95°F. Diagram 1: Liebert DSE System Components Liebert DSE System-DA125 Economizer Hours 3000 69% - Full EconoPhase 2500 25% - Partial EconoPhase Hours 2000 6% - Compressor 1500 Return Air Temperature: 90oF 1000 Percent Unit Load: 70% San Francisco, CA 500 0 Below 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 Outdoor Ambient Temperature (F)A Chart 3 5 Analysis of Refrigerant Economizers in The California Energy Commission Above 95 Compliance Modeling Method Compliance Modeling requirement in section 140.1 is based on the 2013 Time Dependent Valuation (TDV), and for the Liebert® DSETM system was conducted by AlaJor Engineering, Inc. Appendix A shows the results from the preliminary baseline and proposed models simulated for a project in all California Climate Zones. The models use a 1,200kW data center with standard redundancy assumptions (N+2) and conservative return air temperatures (80°F) with containment. The baseline water economizer model was created utilizing the CEC’s CBECC-Com (Build 717) and extracting the baseline IDF (Input Data File) model that was created. The extracted baseline IDF model was modified to remove the air economizer and added the water economizer. The model was simulated with EnergyPlus and the results extracted to the Exceptional Design Compliance - End Use Summary Comparison spreadsheet. The proposed Liebert DSE model was created utilizing the CEC’s CBECC-Com (Build 717) and extracting the proposed IDF model that was created. The extracted proposed IDF model was modified and added custom curves for the Liebert DSE equipment, developed from a regression analysis from data provided for the operation for the Liebert EconoPhaseTM pumped refrigerant system. The model was simulated and the results extracted to the Exceptional Design Compliance - End Use Summary Comparison spreadsheet. For example, in Climate Zone 3 (San Francisco), the Liebert DSE system was shown to reduce TDV value by 388.1 compared to a water economizer and increase the TDV value by 140.3 compared to an airside economizer. It eliminated 4.063 million gallons of water usage compared to a water economizer and 1.943 million gallons compared to an airside economizer. Approval Process for Projects with the Liebert DSE System The CEC approved the inclusion of the Liebert EconoPhase pumped refrigerant economizer as a prescriptive option on September 9, 2015, as shown in the CEC’s Blueprint newsletter, Issue 111 (see Appendix B). The Liebert EconoPhase economizer is not yet accounted for in the CEC’s performance software, so engineers and others wanting to use the Liebert DSE with Econophase pumped refrigerant economizer in California should follow this guideline: If the project is complying using the performance approach, then the cooling system serving the computer room should be specified as a basic, efficient chilled water plant, with an integrated water economizer. The compliance documents can be used to show local government jurisdictions that the efficiency of the Liebert DSE is equivalent or better than the chilled water system and acceptable as a prescriptive alternative. Summary The use of refrigerant economizers provide significant benefits in California data centers. There is on average a 5% to 6% reduction in the TDV energy value, but more significantly it eliminates the water requirement for these data centers. The inclusion of a refrigerant economizer, such as the Liebert DSE system with Liebert EconoPhase pumped refrigerant economizer, in the prescriptive compliance method makes the adaption and implementation of this technology on par with water economization evaluations. 6 Analysis of Refrigerant Economizers in The California Energy Commission Appendix A - Exceptional Design Compliance Calculations for all 16 Climate Zones Baseline Airside Economizer (Current Model) Baseline Waterside Economizer Baseline Airside Economizer (Modified DP control) Liebert® DSETM System Proposed Design Custom Curves Liebert DSE System Comparison (positive - favorable) Climate Zone 1 End Use TDV Btuh /ft 2 Est. Water Usage Gal/Yr TDV kBtuh/ft 2 Est. Water Usage Gal/Yr TDV kBtuh/ft 2 Space Cooling 1,333.2 - 444.6 - Fans Climate Zone 2 TDV Margin vs. Water Econ. TDV Margin vs. Air Econ. (modified) 444.6 1,643.2 (310.1) (1,198.7) 732.1 1,186.3 - 1,090.6 - 1,090.6 358.6 827.7 56.8 - 63.3 - 63.3 56.8 - 6.5 Pumps 242.8 - 77.6 - 77.6 - 242.8 77.6 Heat Rejection 43.4 - 23.4 - 23.4 - 43.4 23.4 Add for Low DP Control - - 529.3 - - 529.3 Compliance Total 2,862.4 - 1,699.4 - 2,228.7 2,058.6 803.8 170.2 Interior Equipment 9,802.2 - 9,802.2 - 9,802.2 9,802.2 - - 12,664.6 3,875,000 11,501.6 940,069 12,030.9 11,860.8 803.8 170.2 Space Cooling 1,415.3 - 813.8 - 813.8 2,006.5 (310.1) (1,198.7) Fans 1,244,185 1,114.1 - 1,110.6 - 1,110.6 539.3 827.7 732.1 Lighting 56.2 - 63.3 - 63.3 56.2 (591.2) 1,192.6) Pumps 230.0 - 107.4 - 107.4 - 574.8 571.3 Heat Rejection 72.3 - 59.2 - 59.2 - - 7.0 Add for Low DP Control - - 448.6 - 230.0 107.4 Compliance Total 2,887.9 - 2,602.9 2,602.0 72.3 59.2 Interior Equipment 9,737.3 - 9,737.3 - 9,737.3 12,625.2 4,260,000 11,891.6 2,108,000 12,340.2 Space Cooling 1,313.5 - 638.8 - Fans Total Climate Zone 3 TDV kBtuh/ft 2 Lighting Total 2,154.3 - 9,737.3 - 448.6 12,339.3 285.9 0.9 638.8 2,119.3 (805.8) (1,480.5) 874.7 2,560,241 1,110.8 - 1,089.6 - 1,089.6 214.9 895.9 Lighting 63.5 - 63.5 - 63.5 63.5 - - Pumps 239.3 - 120.6 - 120.6 - 239.3 120.6 Heat Rejection 58.6 - 36.4 - 36.4 - 58.6 36.4 Add for Low DP Control - - 308.4 - - 308.4 Compliance Total 2,785.7 - 2,257.3 2,397.7 388.1 (140.3) Interior Equipment 1,948.9 - 9,611.6 - 9,611.6 - 9,611.6 12,397.4 4,063,160 11,560.6 1,670,000 11,869.0 Space Cooling 1,390.5 - 870.9 - Fans 1,155.2 - 1,221.4 - Lighting 55.6 - 63.3 - Pumps 229.0 - 118.0 Heat Rejection 75.8 - 68.3 Add for Low DP Control - - Compliance Total 2,906.1 - 2,341.9 Interior Equipment 9,592.8 - 12,498.9 4,378,000 Total Climate Zone 4 Est. Water Usage Gal/Yr Total 9,611.6 - - 12,009.3 388.1 (140.3) 870.9 2,014.3 (623.7) (1,143.3) 1,221.4 542.2 613.0 679.2 63.3 55.6 - 7.7 - 118.0 - 229.0 118.0 - 68.3 - 75.8 68.3 332.1 - - 332.1 - 2,674.0 2,612.1 294.0 62.0 9,592.8 - 9,592.8 9,592.8 - - 11,934.8 2,449,000 12,266.9 12,204.9 294.0 62.0 1,943,161 2,805,930 7 Analysis of Refrigerant Economizers in The California Energy Commission Appendix A (cont.)- Exceptional Design Compliance Calculations for all 16 Climate Zones Baseline Airside Economizer (Current Model) Baseline Waterside Economizer Baseline Airside Economizer (Modified DP control) Liebert® DSETM System Proposed Design Custom Curves Liebert DSE System Comparison (positive - favorable) Climate Zone 5 End Use TDV Btuh /ft 2 Est. Water Usage Gal/Yr TDV kBtuh/ft 2 Est. Water Usage Gal/Yr Space Cooling 1,345.3 Fans 1,196.8 - 680.2 - - 1,124.1 - Lighting 56.2 - 63.8 - Pumps 229.6 - 105.2 Heat Rejection 44.0 Climate Zone 6 TDV Margin vs. Air Econ. (modified) 680.2 1,827.2 (481.9) (1,147.0) 1,124.1 542.5 654.3 581.6 63.8 56.2 - 7.7 - 105.2 - 229.6 105.2 - 44.0 - 55.0 44.0 385.5 - - 385.5 55.0 - - - Compliance Total 2,882.8 - 2,017.3 - 2,402.8 2,425.8 457.0 (23.0) Interior Equipment 9,638.4 - 9,638.4 - 9,638.4 9,638.4 - - 12,521.2 4,003,000 12,041.2 1,785,000 12,041.2 12,064.2 457.0 (23.0) Space Cooling 1,369.5 - 1,020.1 - 1,020.1 1,996.1 (626.6) (976.0) Fans 499.2 2,137,256 1,076.5 - 1,040.8 - 1,040.8 541.6 534.9 Lighting 57.1 - 63.5 - 63.5 57.1 - 6.4 Pumps 236.6 - 155.6 - 155.6 - 236.6 155.6 Heat Rejection 88.0 - 88.0 - 89.1 88.0 166.9 - - 166.9 89.1 - Add for Low DP Control - - Compliance Total 2,828.8 - 2,368.0 - 2,534.9 2,594.8 234.0 (59.9) Interior Equipment 9,565.6 - 9,565.6 - 9,565.6 9,565.6 (0.0) (0.0) 12,394.3 4,258,000 12,100.5 2,932,000 12,100.5 12,160.4 233.9 (59.9) Space Cooling 1,409.2 - 1,093.8 - 1,093.8 2,063.8 (654.6) (970.1) Fans 617.4 Total Climate Zone 7 TDV Margin vs. Water Econ. Add for Low DP Control Total 3,144,342 1,112.8 - 1,166.7 - 1,166.7 549.3 563.5 Lighting 57.4 - 64.0 - 64.0 57.4 - 6.6 Pumps 238.6 - 161.6 - 161.6 - 238.6 161.6 Heat Rejection 87.6 - 88.8 - 88.8 - 87.6 88.8 Add for Low DP Control - - 144.3 - - 144.3 Compliance Total 2,905.6 - 2,719.2 2,670.5 235.0 48.6 Interior Equipment Climate Zone 8 Est. Water Usage Gal/Yr TDV kBtuh/ft 2 TDV kBtuh/ft 2 2,574.9 - 9,776.8 - 9,776.8 - 9,776.8 Total 12,682.3 4,280,000 12,495.9 3,085,000 12,495.9 Space Cooling 1,408.8 - 1,062.6 - Fans 1,092.1 - 1,146.4 - Lighting 57.1 - 63.2 Pumps 228.4 - Heat Rejection 86.1 - Add for Low DP Control - - Compliance Total 2,872.6 - 2,507.0 Interior Equipment 9,655.5 - 12,528.1 4,312,000 Total 9,776.7 0.0 0.0 12,447.3 235.1 48.7 1,062.6 2,079.7 (670.9) (1,017.1) 1,146.4 537.5 554.6 608.9 - 63.2 57.1 - 6.1 149.2 - 149.2 - 228.4 149.2 85.6 - 85.6 - 86.1 85.6 153.7 - - 153.7 - 2,660.7 2,674.3 198.3 (13.6) 9,655.5 - 9,655.5 9,655.5 - - 12,316.2 3,019,000 12,316.2 12,329.8 198.3 (13.6) 3,262,297 3,208,878 8 Analysis of Refrigerant Economizers in The California Energy Commission Appendix A (cont.) - Exceptional Design Compliance Calculations for all 16 Climate Zones Baseline Airside Economizer (Current Model) Baseline Waterside Economizer Baseline Airside Economizer (Modified DP control) Liebert® DSETM System Proposed Design Custom Curves Liebert DSE System Comparison (positive - favorable) Climate Zone 9 End Use TDV Btuh /ft 2 Est. Water Usage Gal/Yr TDV kBtuh/ft 2 Est. Water Usage Gal/Yr TDV kBtuh/ft 2 Space Cooling 1,411.4 - 1,076.5 - Fans 1,067.7 - 1,044.6 - Lighting 56.3 - 63.1 Pumps 230.0 - Heat Rejection Climate Zone 10 TDV Margin vs. Water Econ. TDV Margin vs. Air Econ. (modified) 1,076.5 2,074.7 (663.3) (998.1) 1,044.6 542.6 525.1 502.0 - 63.1 56.3 - 6.8 149.2 - 149.2 - 230.0 149.2 91.9 - 91.9 - 94.9 91.9 219.4 - - 219.4 94.9 - - - Compliance Total 2,860.2 - 2,425.3 - 2,644.7 2,673.5 186.7 (28.8) Interior Equipment 9,516.6 - 9,516.6 - 9,516.6 9,516.6 - - 12,376.8 4,414,000 12,161.3 3,083,000 12,161.3 12,190.1 186.7 (28.8) Space Cooling 1,359.2 - 1,055.0 - 1,055.0 2,231.7 (872.5) (1,176.7) Fans 540.5 3,369,349 1,158.3 - 1,087.1 - 1,087.1 546.6 611.7 Lighting 55.6 - 63.3 - 63.3 55.6 - 7.7 Pumps 195.8 - 136.8 - 136.8 - 195.8 136.8 Heat Rejection 63.2 - 82.7 - 82.7 - 63.2 82.7 Add for Low DP Control - - 338.0 - - 338.0 Compliance Total 2,832.1 - 2,424.9 - 2,762.9 2,834.0 (1.8) (71.1) Interior Equipment 9,598.6 - 9,598.6 - 9,598.6 9,598.6 - - 12,430.7 3,664,000 12,361.4 3,176,000 12,361.4 12,432.5 (1.8) (71.1) Space Cooling 1,526.7 - 1,004.3 - 1,004.3 2,332.6 (806.0) (1,328.3) Fans 597.9 Total Climate Zone 11 TDV kBtuh/ft 2 Add for Low DP Control Total 3,630,568 1,308.7 - 1,139.2 - 1,139.2 541.3 767.4 Lighting 56.5 - 62.8 - 62.8 56.5 - 6.3 Pumps 218.7 - 120.6 - 120.6 - 218.7 120.6 Heat Rejection 79.2 - 76.1 - 76.1 - 79.2 76.1 Add for Low DP Control - - 648.7 - - 648.7 Compliance Total 3,189.7 - 3,051.8 2,930.4 259.3 121.4 Interior Equipment Climate Zone 12 Est. Water Usage Gal/Yr 2,403.1 - 9,884.7 - 9,884.7 - 9,884.7 Total 13,074.4 4,755,000 12,936.5 3,062,000 12,936.5 Space Cooling 1,454.8 - 923.1 - Fans 1,163.7 - 1,106.0 - Lighting 56.2 - 62.8 - Pumps 230.1 - 116.1 Heat Rejection 78.7 - 71.8 Add for Low DP Control - - Compliance Total 2,983.5 - 2,279.7 Interior Equipment 9,785.6 - 12,769.2 4,541,000 Total 9,884.7 - - 12,815.1 259.3 121.4 923.1 2,170.3 (715.6) (1,247.2) 1,106.0 537.8 625.9 568.2 62.8 56.2 - 6.5 - 116.1 - 230.1 116.1 - 71.8 - 78.7 71.8 430.0 - - 430.0 - 2,709.7 2,764.4 219.2 (54.6) 9,785.6 - 9,785.6 9,785.6 - - 12,495.4 2,587,000 12,495.4 12,550.0 219.2 (54.6) 3,910,750 3,088,774 9 Analysis of Refrigerant Economizers in The California Energy Commission Appendix A (cont.) - Exceptional Design Compliance Calculations for all 16 Climate Zones Baseline Waterside Economizer Baseline Airside Economizer (Current Model) Baseline Airside Economizer (Modified DP control) Liebert® DSETM System Proposed Design Custom Curves Liebert DSE System Comparison (positive - favorable) Climate Zone 14 Climate Zone 13 End Use TDV Btuh /ft 2 Est. Water Usage Gal/Yr TDV kBtuh/ft 2 Est. Water Usage Gal/Yr TDV kBtuh/ft 2 Space Cooling 1,464.9 - 1,029.7 - Fans 1,122.1 - 1,120.6 - Lighting 56.3 - 63.1 Pumps 229.5 - Heat Rejection Climate Zone 15 TDV kBtuh/ft 2 TDV Margin vs. Water Econ. TDV Margin vs. Air Econ. (modified) 1,029.7 2,299.9 (835.0) (1,270.3) 1,120.6 539.8 582.2 580.8 - 63.1 56.3 - 6.8 126.3 - 126.3 - 229.5 126.3 81.5 - 81.5 - 83.7 81.5 223.7 - - 223.7 83.7 - Add for Low DP Control - - Compliance Total 2,956.5 - 2,421.1 - 2,644.8 2,896.0 60.4 (251.2) Interior Equipment 9,781.4 - 9,781.4 - 9,781.4 9,781.4 - - Total 12,737.8 4,822,000 12,426.2 3,152,000 12,426.2 12,677.4 60.4 (251.2) Space Cooling 1,457.3 - 1,073.3 - 1,073.3 2,404.3 (947.0) 1,331.0) Fans 811.7 3,451,024 1,269.5 - 1,374.6 - 1,374.6 562.9 706.6 Lighting 55.8 - 63.0 - 63.0 55.8 - 7.2 Pumps 220.7 - 133.5 - 133.5 - 220.7 133.5 Heat Rejection 57.3 - 58.5 - 58.5 - 57.3 58.5 Add for Low DP control - - 565.5 - - 565.5 Compliance Total 3,060.6 - 2,702.9 - 3,268.4 3,023.0 37.6 245.4 Interior Equipment 9,774.9 - 9,774.9 - 9,774.9 9,774.9 - - 12,835.5 5,061,000 13,043.3 3,689,000 13,043.3 12,797.9 37.6 245.4 Space Cooling 1,575.5 - 1,398.3 - 1,398.3 2,671.7 (1,096.1) (1,273.4) Fans 533.5 Total 4,479,234 1,003.9 - 1,060.6 - 1,060.6 527.1 476.8 Lighting 55.8 - 62.9 - 62.9 55.8 - 7.0 Pumps 219.5 - 167.5 - 167.5 - 219.5 167.5 Heat Rejection 107.9 - 111.5 - 111.5 - 107.9 111.5 Add for Low DP Control - - 395.6 - - 395.6 Compliance Total 2,962.7 - 3,196.4 3,254.6 (291.9) (58.2) Interior Equipment Climate Zone 16 Est. Water Usage Gal/Yr 2,800.8 - 9,702.3 - 9,702.3 - 9,702.3 Total 12,665.0 5,551,000 12,898.7 4,779,000 12,898.7 Space Cooling 1,438.3 - 864.9 - Fans 1,311.4 - 1,272.0 - Lighting 56.3 - 63.1 - Pumps 223.4 - 111.8 Heat Rejection 52.5 - 50.1 Add for Low DP Control - - Compliance Total 3,081.9 - 2,361.9 Interior Equipment 9,749.2 - 12,831.0 4,154,000 Total 9,702.3 (0.0) (0.0) 12,956.9 (291.9) (58.2) 864.9 1,824.4 (386.1) (959.6) 1,272.0 591.1 720.3 680.9 63.1 56.3 - 6.9 - 111.8 - 223.4 111.8 - 50.1 - 52.5 50.1 866.9 - - 866.9 - 3,228.8 2,471.7 610.1 757.0 9,749.2 - 9,749.2 9,749.2 (0.0) (0.0) 12,978.0 2,188,000 12,978.0 12,221.0 610.1 757.0 5,469,519 3,013,134 10 Analysis of Refrigerant Economizers in The California Energy Commission Appendix B 11 Analysis of Refrigerant Economizers in The California Energy Commission Appendix C 12 Analysis of Refrigerant Economizers in The California Energy Commission Appendix C (continued) 13 Analysis of Refrigerant Economizers in The California Energy Commission Emerson Network Power Global Headquarters 1050 Dearborn Drive P.O. Box 29186 Columbus, Ohio 43229 800 877 9222 Phone (U.S. & Canada Only) 614 888 0246 Phone (Outside U.S.) [email protected] Emerson Network Power Caribbean and Latin America Office – United States of America +1-954-984-3452 Phone [email protected] Emerson Network Power Canada 3580 Laird Rd Unit 1 Mississauga Ontario L5L 5Z7 +1 905 569 8282 [email protected] 24 x 7 Tech Support 800 222 5877 Phone 614 841 6755 (outside U.S.) EmersonNetworkPower.com While every precaution has been taken to ensure accuracy and completeness in this literature, Liebert Corporation assumes no responsibility, and disclaims all liability for damages resulting from use of this information or for any errors or omissions. © 2015 Liebert Corporation. All rights reserved throughout the world. Specifications subject to change without notice. All names referred to are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. ® Liebert and the Liebert logo are registered trademarks of the Liebert Corporation. 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