INTEGRATED CIRCUITS SCC2692 Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) Product specification Supersedes data of 1998 Feb 19 IC19 Data Handbook 1998 Sep 04 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) SCC2692 – Non-standard user-defined rate derived from programmable counter/timer DESCRIPTION The Philips Semiconductors SCC2692 Dual Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (DUART) which is compatible with the SCN2681. It is a single-chip CMOS-LSI communications device that provides two full-duplex asynchronous receiver/transmitter channels in a single package. It interfaces directly with microprocessors and may be used in a polled or interrupt driven system. – External 1X or 16X clock • Parity, framing, and overrun error detection • False start bit detection • Line break detection and generation • Programmable channel mode The operating mode and data format of each channel can be programmed independently. Additionally, each receiver and transmitter can select its operating speed as one of eighteen fixed baud rates, a 16X clock derived from a programmable counter/timer, or an external 1X or 16X clock. The baud rate generator and counter/timer can operate directly from a crystal or from external clock inputs. The ability to independently program the operating speed of the receiver and transmitter make the DUART particularly attractive for dual-speed channel applications such as clustered terminal systems. – Normal (full-duplex) – Automatic echo – Local loopback – Remote loopback – Multidrop mode (also called ‘wake-up’ or ‘9-bit’) • Multi-function 7-bit input port – Can serve as clock or control inputs – Change of state detection on four inputs Each receiver is quadruply buffered to minimize the potential of receiver over-run or to reduce interrupt overhead in interrupt driven systems. In addition, a flow control capability is provided to disable a remote DUART transmitter when the receiver buffer is full. • Multi-function 8-bit output port Also provided on the SCC2692 are a multipurpose 7-bit input port and a multipurpose 8-bit output port. These can be used as general purpose I/O ports or can be assigned specific functions (such as clock inputs or status/interrupt outputs) under program control. • Versatile interrupt system – Inputs have typically >100k pull-up resistors – Individual bit set/reset capability – Outputs can be programmed to be status/interrupt signals – Single interrupt output with eight maskable interrupting conditions – Output port can be configured to provide a total of up to six separate wire-ORable interrupt outputs FEATURES • Maximum data transfer rates: 1X – 1MB/sec, 16X – 125kB/sec • Automatic wake-up mode for multidrop applications • Start-end break interrupt/status • Detects break which originates in the middle of a character • On-chip crystal oscillator • Power down mode • Receiver timeout mode • Commercial and industrial temperature range versions • TTL compatible • Single +5V power supply • Dual full-duplex asynchronous receiver/transmitters • Quadruple buffered receiver data register • Programmable data format – 5 to 8 data bits plus parity – Odd, even, no parity or force parity – 1, 1.5 or 2 stop bits programmable in 1/16-bit increments • 16-bit programmable Counter/Timer • Programmable baud rate for each receiver and transmitter selectable from: – 22 fixed rates: 50 to 115.2k baud – Non-standard rates to 115.2Kb ORDERING INFORMATION COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL VCC = +5V +10%, TA = 0 to +70°C VCC = +5V +10%, TA = -40 to +85°C DWG # 40-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line Package (DIP)1 SCC2692AC1N40 SCC2692AE1N40 SOT129-1 (DIP)1 SCC2692AC1N28 SCC2692AE1N28 SOT117-1 SCC2692AC1A44 SCC2692AE1A44 SOT187-2 SCC2692AC1B44 SCC2692AE1B44 SOT307–2 DESCRIPTION 28-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line Package 44-Pin Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (PLCC) Package 44–Pin Plastic Quad Flat Pack (PQFP) NOTE: 1. For availability, please contact factory. 1998 Sep 04 2 853–0895 19971 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) A0 1 40 VCC IP3 2 39 IP4 A1 3 38 IP5 IP1 4 37 IP6 A2 5 36 IP2 A3 6 35 CEN IP0 7 34 RESET WRN 33 X2 8 32 X1/CLK RDN 9 31 RxDA RxDB 10 DIP 30 TxDA TxDB 11 29 OP0 OP1 12 13 28 OP2 OP5 14 27 OP4 OP7 15 26 OP6 OP3 25 D0 D1 16 D3 17 24 D2 D5 18 23 D4 D7 19 22 D6 GND 20 INDEX CORNER 6 SCC2692 40 1 7 44 34 39 1 A0 1 28 VCC A1 2 27 IP2 A2 3 26 CEN A3 4 25 RESET WRN 5 24 X2 RDN 6 23 X1/CLK RxDB 7 TxDB 8 33 PLCC PQFP 11 29 17 23 12 18 22 28 TOP VIEW TOP VIEW 22 RxDA DIP PIN/FUNCTION 21 TxDA OP1 9 20 OP0 D1 10 19 D0 D3 11 18 D2 D5 12 17 D4 D7 16 D6 13 GND 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 15 INTRN 21 INTRN NC A0 IP3 A1 IP1 A2 A3 IP0 WRN RDN RXDB NC TXDB OP1 OP3 OP5 OP7 D1 D3 D5 D7 GND PIN/FUNCTION 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 PIN/FUNCTION NC INTRN D6 D4 D2 D0 OP6 OP4 OP2 OP0 TXDA NC RXDA X1/CLK X2 RESET CEN IP2 IP6 IP5 IP4 VCC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 A3 IP0 WRN RDN RxDB TxDB OP1 OP3 OP5 OP7 N/C D1 D3 D5 D7 GND GND INTRN D6 D4 D2 D0 PIN/FUNCTION 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 N/C OP6 OP4 OP2 OP0 TxDA RxDA X1/CLK X2 RESET CEN IP2 IP6 IP5 IP4 VCC VCC A0 IP3 A1 IP1 A2 SD00131 Figure 1. Pin Configurations ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS1 SYMBOL TA PARAMETER Operating ambient temperature range2 TSTG Storage temperature range VCC GND3 VS PD Voltage from VCC to Voltage from any pin to GND3 RATING UNIT Note 4 °C -65 to +150 °C -0.5 to +7.0 V -0.5 to VCC +0.5 V Package power dissipation DIP28 1.22 W Package power dissipation DIP40 2.97 W Package power dissipation PLCC44 2.66 W Package power dissipation PQFP44 2.08 W Derating factor above 25°C DIP28 19 mW/°C Derating factor above 25°C DIP40 24 mW/°C Derating factor above 25°C PLCC44 21 mW/°C Derating factor above 25°C PQFP44 17 mW/°C NOTES: 1. Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other condition above those indicated in the operation section of this specification is not implied. 2. For operating at elevated temperatures, the device must be derated. 3. This product includes circuitry specifically designed for the protection of its internal devices from damaging effects of excessive static charge. Nonetheless, it is suggested that conventional precautions be taken to avoid applying any voltages larger than the rated maxima. 4. Parameters are valid over specified temperature range. 1998 Sep 04 3 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) SCC2692 BLOCK DIAGRAM 8 D0–D7 CHANNEL A BUS BUFFER TRANSMIT HOLDING REG TxDA TRANSMIT SHIFT REGISTER RDN OPERATION CONTROL WRN ADDRESS DECODE CEN A0–A3 RESET RECEIVE HOLDING REG (3) RxDA 4 RECEIVE SHIFT REGISTER R/W CONTROL MRA1, 2 CRA SRA INTERRUPT CONTROL INTRN IMR INTERNAL DATABUS TIMING BAUD RATE GENERATOR RxDB CONTROL TIMING TxDB CHANNEL B (AS ABOVE) ISR INPUT PORT CHANGE OF STATE DETECTORS (4) 7 IP0-IP6 IPCR ACR CLOCK SELECTORS COUNTER/ TIMER OUTPUT PORT FUNCTION SELECT LOGIC X1/CLK XTAL OSC 8 OP0-OP7 OPCR X2 OPR CSRA CSRB ACR U CTLR CTLR VCC GND SD00132 Figure 2. Block Diagram 1998 Sep 04 4 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) SCC2692 PIN DESCRIPTION SYMBOL D0-D7 APPLICABLE 40,44 28 X X TYPE NAME AND FUNCTION I/O Data Bus: Bidirectional 3-State data bus used to transfer commands, data and status between the DUART and the CPU. D0 is the least significant bit. Chip Enable: Active-Low input signal. When Low, data transfers between the CPU and the DUART are enabled on D0-D7 as controlled by the WRN, RDN and A0-A3 inputs. When High, places the D0-D7 lines in the 3-State condition. Write Strobe: When Low and CEN is also Low, the contents of the data bus are loaded into the addressed register. The transfer occurs on the rising edge of the signal. Read Strobe: When Low and CEN is also Low, causes the contents of the addressed register to be presented on the data bus. The read cycle begins on the falling edge of RDN. Address Inputs: Select the DUART internal registers and ports for read/write operations. Reset: A High level clears internal registers (SRA, SRB, IMR, ISR, OPR, OPCR), puts OP0-OP7 in the High state, stops the counter/timer, and puts Channels A and B in the inactive state, with the TxDA and TxDB outputs in the mark (High) state. Resets Test modes, MR pointer set to MR1. Interrupt Request: Active-Low, open-drain, output which signals the CPU that one or more of the eight maskable interrupting conditions are true. Crystal 1: Crystal connection or an external clock input. A crystal of a clock the appropriate frequency (nominally 3.6864 MHz) must be supplied at all times. For crystal connections see Figure 7, Clock Timing. Crystal 2: Crystal connection. See Figure 7. If a crystal is not used it is best to keep this pin not connected although it is permissible to ground it. Channel A Receiver Serial Data Input: The least significant bit is received first. “Mark” is High, “space” is Low. Channel B Receiver Serial Data Input: The least significant bit is received first. “Mark” is High, “space” is Low. Channel A Transmitter Serial Data Output: The least significant bit is transmitted first. This output is held in the “mark” condition when the transmitter is disabled, idle or when operating in local loopback mode. “Mark” is High, “space” is Low. Channel B Transmitter Serial Data Output: The least significant bit is transmitted first. This output is held in the ‘mark’ condition when the transmitter is disabled, idle, or when operating in local loopback mode. ‘Mark’ is High, ‘space’ is Low. Output 0: General purpose output or Channel A request to send (RTSAN, active-Low). Can be deactivated automatically on receive or transmit. Output 1: General purpose output or Channel B request to send (RTSBN, active-Low). Can be deactivated automatically on receive or transmit. Output 2: General purpose output, or Channel A transmitter 1X or 16X clock output, or Channel A receiver 1X clock output. Output 3: General purpose output or open-drain, active-Low counter/timer output or Channel B transmitter 1X clock output, or Channel B receiver 1X clock output. Output 4: General purpose output or Channel A open-drain, active-Low, RxRDYAN/FFULLAN output. Output 5: General purpose output or Channel B open-drain, active-Low, RxRDYBN/FFULLBN output. Output 6: General purpose output or Channel A open-drain, active-Low, TxRDYAN output. Output 7: General purpose output, or Channel B open-drain, active-Low, TxRDYBN output. Input 0: General purpose input or Channel A clear to send active-Low input (CTSAN). Pin has an internal VCC pull-up device supplying 1 to 4 A of current. Input 1: General purpose input or Channel B clear to send active-Low input (CTSBN). Pin has an internal VCC pull-up device supplying 1 to 4 A of current. Input 2: General purpose input or counter/timer external clock input. Pin has an internal VCC pull-up device supplying 1 to 4 A of current. Input 3: General purpose input or Channel A transmitter external clock input (TxCA). When the external clock is used by the transmitter, the transmitted data is clocked on the falling edge of the clock. Pin has an internal VCC pull-up device supplying 1 to 4 A of current. Input 4: General purpose input or Channel A receiver external clock input (RxCA). When the external clock is used by the receiver, the received data is sampled on the rising edge of the clock. Pin has an internal VCC pull-up device supplying 1 to 4 A of current. Input 5: General purpose input or Channel B transmitter external clock input (TxCB). When the external clock is used by the transmitter, the transmitted data is clocked on the falling edge of the clock. Pin has an internal VCC pull-up device supplying 1 to 4 A of current. Input 6: General purpose input or Channel B receiver external clock input (RxCB). When the external clock is used by the receiver, the received data is sampled on the rising edge of the clock. Pin has an internal VCC pull-up device supplying 1 to 4 A of current. Power Supply: +5V supply input. Ground CEN X X I WRN X X I RDN X X I A0-A3 RESET X X X X I I INTRN X X O X1/CLK X X I X2 X X I RxDA X X I RxDB X X I TxDA X X O TxDB X X O OP0 X X O OP1 X X O OP2 X O OP3 X O OP4 OP5 OP6 OP7 IP0 X X X X X O O O O I IP1 X I IP2 X IP3 X I IP4 X I IP5 X I IP6 X I VCC GND X X 1998 Sep 04 X X X I I I 5 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) SCC2692 DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS1, 2, 3 SYMBOL PARAMETER LIMITS TEST CONDITIONS Min Typ VIL VIH VIH VIH Input low voltage Input high voltage (except X1/CLK)6 Input high voltage (except X1/CLK)7 Input high voltage (X1/CLK) VOL Output low voltage IOL = 2.4mA VOH Output high voltage (except OD outputs)4 IOH = -400µA VCC -0.5 IIX1PD IILX1 IIHX1 X1/CLK input current - power down X1/CLK input low current - operating X1/CLK input high current - operating IOHX2 IOHX2S IOLX2 IOLX2S X2 output high current - operating X2 output high short circuit current - operating X2 output low current - operating X2 output low short circuit current - operating and power down II Input leakage current: All except input port pins Input port pins IOZH IOZL Max UNIT 0.8 V V V V 0.4 V VIN = 0 to VCC VIN = 0 VIN = VCC -10 -75 0 +10 0 75 µA µA µA VOUT = VCC, X1 = 0 VOUT = 0, X1 = 0 VOUT = 0, X1 = VCC VOUT = VCC, X1 = VCC 0 -10 -75 1 +75 -1 0 10 µA mA µA mA VIN = 0 to VCC VIN = 0 to VCC -10 -20 +10 +10 µA µA Output off current high, 3-state data bus Output off current low, 3-state data bus VIN = VCC VIN = 0V 10 -10 µA µA IODL IODH Open-drain output low current in off-state Open-drain output high current in off-state VIN = 0 VIN = VCC ICC Power supply current5 Operating mode Power down mode8 2.0 2.5 0.8 VCC V 10 µA µA 10 10 mA A -10 CMOS input levels CMOS input levels 2 NOTES: 1. Parameters are valid over specified temperature range. 2. All voltage measurements are referenced to ground (GND). For testing, all inputs swing between 0.4V and 2.4V with a transition time of 5ns maximum. For X1/CLK this swing is between 0.4V and 4.4V. All time measurements are referenced at input voltages of 0.8V and 2.0V and output voltages of 0.8V and 2.0V, as appropriate. 3. Typical values are at +25°C, typical supply voltages, and typical processing parameters. 4. Test conditions for outputs: CL = 150pF, except interrupt outputs. Test conditions for interrupt outputs: CL = 50pF, RL = 2.7KΩ to VCC. 5. All outputs are disconnected. Inputs are switching between CMOS levels of VCC -0.2V and VSS + 0.2V. 6. TA > 0°C 7. TA < 0°C 8. See UART application note for 5µA. AC CHARACTERISTICS1, 2, 4 SYMBOL LIMITS PARAMETER Min Typ3 Max UNIT Reset Timing (See Figure 3) tRES RESET pulse width 200 ns 10 100 0 0 225 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Bus Timing5 (See Figure 4) tAS tAH tCS tCH tRW tDD tDA tDF tDI tDS tDH tRWD 1998 Sep 04 A0-A3 setup time to RDN, WRN Low A0-A3 hold time from RDN, WRN Low CEN setup time to RDN, WRN Low CEN hold time from RDN, WRN High WRN, RDN pulse width Data valid after RDN Low RDN Low to data bus active7 Data bus floating after RDN High RDN High to data bus invalid7 Data setup time before WRN High Data hold time after WRN High High time between reads and/or writes5, 6 175 15 125 20 100 20 200 6 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) SCC2692 AC CHARACTERISTICS (Continued)1, 2, 4 SYMBOL LIMITS PARAMETER Min Typ3 Max UNIT Port Timing5 (See Figure 5) tPS tPH tPD Port input setup time before RDN Low Port input hold time after RDN High OPn output valid from WRN High 0 0 400 ns ns ns 300 300 300 300 300 300 ns ns ns ns ns ns 4 1 1 MHz ns MHz ns MHz MHz ns MHz MHz 350 150 ns ns Interrupt Timing (See Figure 6) tIR9 INTRN (or OP3-OP7 when used as interrupts) negated from: Read RHR (RxRDY/FFULL interrupt) Write THR (TxRDY interrupt) Reset command (break change interrupt) Stop C/T command (counter interrupt) Read IPCR (input port change interrupt) Write IMR (clear of interrupt mask bit) Clock Timing (See Figure 7) tCLK fCLK10 tCTC fCTC8 tRX fRX8 tTX fTX8 100 X1/CLK High or Low time X1/CLK frequency CTCLK (IP2) High or Low time CTCLK (IP2) frequency RxC High or Low time RxC frequency (16X) (1X) TxC High or Low time TxC frequency (16X) (1X) 0 100 0 220 0 0 220 0 0 ns 3.6864 4 2 1 Transmitter Timing (See Figure 8) tTXD tTCS TxD output delay from TxC external clock input on IP pin Output delay from TxC low at OP pin to TxD data output 0 Receiver Timing (See Figure 9) tRXS RxD data setup time before RxC high at external clock input on IP pin 240 ns tRXH RxD data hold time after RxC high at external clock input on IP pin 200 ns NOTES: 1. Parameters are valid over specified temperature range. 2. All voltage measurements are referenced to ground (GND). For testing, all inputs swing between 0.4V and 2.4V with a transition time of 5ns maximum. For X1/CLK this swing is between 0.4V and 4.4V. All time measurements are referenced at input voltages of 0.8V and 2.0V and output voltages of 0.8V and 2.0V, as appropriate. 3. Typical values are at +25°C, typical supply voltages, and typical processing parameters. 4. Test conditions for outputs: CL = 150pF, except interrupt outputs. Test conditions for interrupt outputs: CL = 50pF, RL = 2.7KΩ to VCC. 5. Timing is illustrated and referenced to the WRN and RDN inputs. The device may also be operated with CEN as the ‘strobing’ input. CEN and RDN (also CEN and WRN) are ORed internally. As a consequence, the signal asserted last initiates the cycle and the signal negated first terminates the cycle. 6. If CEN is used as the ‘strobing’ input, the parameter defines the minimum High times between one CEN and the next. The RDN signal must be negated for tRWD to guarantee that any status register changes are valid. 7. Guaranteed by characterization of sample units. 8. Minimum frequencies are not tested but are guaranteed by design. 9. 325ns maximum for TA > 70°C. 10. Operation to 0MHz is assured by design. Minimum test frequency is 2.0MHz. Crystal frequencies 2 to 4 MHz. 1998 Sep 04 7 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) SCC2692 • In the timer mode it generates a square wave. • In the counter mode it generates a time delay. • In the time out mode it monitors the receiver data flow and signals BLOCK DIAGRAM The SCC2692 DUART consists of the following eight major sections: data bus buffer, operation control, interrupt control, timing, communications Channels A and B, input port and output port. Refer to the Block Diagram. data flow has paused. In the time out mode the receiver controls the starting/stopping of the C/T. Data Bus Buffer The data bus buffer provides the interface between the external and internal data buses. It is controlled by the operation control block to allow read and write operations to take place between the controlling CPU and the DUART. The counter operates as a down counter and sets its output bit in the ISR (Interrupt Status Register) each time it passes through 0. The output of the counter/timer may be seen on one of the OP pins or as an Rx or Tx clock. Operation Control The Timer/Counter is controlled with six (6) “commands”; Start C/T, Stop C/T, write C/T, preset registers, read C/T value, set or reset time out mode. The operation control logic receives operation commands from the CPU and generates appropriate signals to internal sections to control device operation. It contains address decoding and read and write circuits to permit communications with the microprocessor via the data bus buffer. Please see the detail of the commands under the Counter/Timer register descriptions. Communications Channels A and B Interrupt Control Each communications channel of the SCC2692 comprises a full-duplex asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART). The operating frequency for each receiver and transmitter can be selected independently from the baud rate generator, the counter/timer, or from an external input. A single active-Low interrupt output (INTRN) is provided which is activated upon the occurrence of any of eight internal events. Associated with the interrupt system are the Interrupt Mask Register (IMR) and the Interrupt Status Register (ISR). The IMR can be programmed to select only certain conditions to cause INTRN to be asserted. The ISR can be read by the CPU to determine all currently active interrupting conditions. The transmitter accepts parallel data from the CPU, converts it to a serial bit stream, inserts the appropriate start, stop, and optional parity bits and outputs a composite serial stream of data on the TxD output pin. The receiver accepts serial data on the RxD pin, converts this serial input to parallel format, checks for start bit, stop bit, parity bit (if any), or break condition and sends an assembled character to the CPU. Outputs OP3-OP7 can be programmed to provide discrete interrupt outputs for the transmitter, receivers, and counter/timer. TIMING CIRCUITS Input Port Crystal Clock The inputs to this unlatched 7-bit port can be read by the CPU by performing a read operation at address H’D’. A High input results in a logic 1 while a Low input results in a logic 0. D7 will always read as a logic 1. The pins of this port can also serve as auxiliary inputs to certain portions of the DUART logic. The timing block consists of a crystal oscillator, a baud rate generator, a programmable 16-bit counter/timer, and four clock selectors. The crystal oscillator operates directly from a crystal connected across the X1/CLK and X2 inputs. If an external clock of the appropriate frequency is available, it may be connected to X1/CLK. The clock serves as the basic timing reference for the Baud Rate Generator (BRG), the counter/timer, and other internal circuits. A clock signal within the limits specified in the specifications section of this data sheet must always be supplied to the DUART. Four change-of-state detectors are provided which are associated with inputs IP3, IP2, IP1 and IP0. A High-to-Low or Low-to-High transition of these inputs, lasting longer than 25 - 50µs, will set the corresponding bit in the input port change register. The bits are cleared when the register is read by the CPU. Any change-of-state can also be programmed to generate an interrupt to the CPU. If an external clock is used instead of a crystal, X1 should be driven using a configuration similar to the one in Figure 7. The input port pulse detection circuitry uses a 38.4KHz sampling clock derived from one of the baud rate generator taps. This results in a sampling period of slightly more than 25µs (this assumes that the clock input is 3.6864MHz). The detection circuitry, in order to guarantee that a true change in level has occurred, requires two successive samples at the new logic level be observed. As a consequence, the minimum duration of the signal change is 25µs if the transition occurs “coincident with the first sample pulse”. The 50µs time refers to the situation in which the change-of-state is “just missed” and the first change-of-state is not detected until 25µs later. All the IP pins have a small pull-up device that will source 1 to 4 A of current from VCC. These pins do not require pull-up devices or VCC connections if they are not used. BRG The baud rate generator operates from the oscillator or external clock input and is capable of generating 23 commonly used data communications baud rates ranging from 50 to 130.4K baud. A 3.6864MHz crystal or external clock must be used to get the standard baud rate. The clock outputs from the BRG are at 16X the actual baud rate. The counter/timer can be used as a timer to produce a 16X clock for any other baud rate by counting down the crystal clock or an external clock. The four clock selectors allow the independent selection, for each receiver and transmitter, of any of these baud rates or external timing signal. Counter/Timer (C/T) Output Port The counter timer is a 16 bit programmable divider that operates one of three modes: Counter, Timer or Time Out mode. In all three modes it uses the 16-bit value loaded to the CTUR and CTLR registers. (Counter timer upper and lower preset registers). 1998 Sep 04 The output port pins may be controlled by the OPR, OPCR, MR and CR registers. Via appropriate programming they may be just another parallel port to external circuits, or they may represent many internal 8 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) (if any) are completely transmitted, if the transmitter has been disabled. conditions of the UART. When this 8-bit port is used as a general purpose output, the pins so defined will assume the compliment of the associated bit in the Output Port Register (OPR). OPR(n) = 1 results in OP(n) = Low and vice versa. Bits of the OPR can be individually set and reset. A bit is set by performing a write operation at address H’E’ with the accompanying data specifying the bits to be reset (1 = set, 0 = no change). Likewise, a bit is reset by a write at address H’F’ with the accompanying data specifying the bits to be reset (1 = reset, 0 = no change). Receiver The SCC2692 is conditioned to receive data when enabled through the command register. The receiver looks for a High-to-Low (mark-to-space) transition of the start bit on the RxD input pin. If a transition is detected, the state of the RxD pin is sampled each 16X clock for 7-1/2 clocks (16X clock mode) or at the next rising edge of the bit time clock (1X clock mode). If RxD is sampled High, the start bit is invalid and the search for a valid start bit begins again. If RxD is still Low, a valid start bit is assumed and the receiver continues to sample the input at one bit time intervals at the theoretical center of the bit, until the proper number of data bits and parity bit (if any) have been assembled, and one stop bit has been detected. The least significant bit is received first. The data is then transferred to the Receive Holding Register (RHR) and the RxRDY bit in the SR is set to a 1. This condition can be programmed to generate an interrupt at OP4 or OP5 and INTRN. If the character length is less than 8 bits, the most significant unused bits in the RHR are set to zero. Outputs can be also individually assigned specific functions by appropriate programming of the Channel A mode registers (MR1A, MR2A), the Channel B mode registers (MR1B, MR2B), and the Output Port Configuration Register (OPCR). Output ports are driven high on hardware reset. Please note that these pins drive both high and low. HOWEVER when they are programmed to represent interrupt type functions (such as receiver ready, transmitter ready or counter/timer ready) they will be switched to an open drain configuration in which case an external pull-up device would be required. After the stop bit is detected, the receiver will immediately look for the next start bit. However, if a non-zero character was received without a stop bit (framing error) and RxD remains Low for one half of the bit period after the stop bit was sampled, then the receiver operates as if a new start bit transition had been detected at that point (one-half bit time after the stop bit was sampled). OPERATION Transmitter The SCC2692 is conditioned to transmit data when the transmitter is enabled through the command register. The SCC2692 indicates to the CPU that it is ready to accept a character by setting the TxRDY bit in the status register. This condition can be programmed to generate an interrupt request at OP6 or OP7 and INTRN. When a character is loaded into the Transmit Holding Register (THR), the above conditions are negated. Data is transferred from the holding register to transmit shift register when it is idle or has completed transmission of the previous character. The TxRDY conditions are then asserted again which means one full character time of buffering is provided. Characters cannot be loaded into the THR while the transmitter is disabled. The parity error, framing error, and overrun error (if any) are strobed into the SR at the received character boundary, before the RxRDY status bit is set. If a break condition is detected (RxD is Low for the entire character including the stop bit), a character consisting of all zeros will be loaded into the RHR and the received break bit in the SR is set to 1. The RxD input must return to high for two (2) clock edges of the X1 crystal clock for the receiver to recognize the end of the break condition and begin the search for a start bit. This will usually require a high time of one X1 clock period or 3 X1 edges since the clock of the controller is not synchronous to the X1 clock. The transmitter converts the parallel data from the CPU to a serial bit stream on the TxD output pin. It automatically sends a start bit followed by the programmed number of data bits, an optional parity bit, and the programmed number of stop bits. The least significant bit is sent first. Following the transmission of the stop bits, if a new character is not available in the THR, the TxD output remains High and the TxEMT bit in the Status Register (SR) will be set to 1. Transmission resumes and the TxEMT bit is cleared when the CPU loads a new character into the THR. Receiver FIFO The RHR consists of a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) stack with a capacity of three characters. Data is loaded from the receive shift register into the topmost empty position of the FIFO. The RxRDY bit in the status register is set whenever one or more characters are available to be read, and a FFULL status bit is set if all three stack positions are filled with data. Either of these bits can be selected to cause an interrupt. A read of the RHR outputs the data at the top of the FIFO. After the read cycle, the data FIFO and its associated status bits (see below) are ‘popped’ thus emptying a FIFO position for new data. If the transmitter is disabled, it continues operating until the character currently being transmitted is completely sent out. The transmitter can be forced to send a continuous Low condition by issuing a send break command. Receiver Status Bits The transmitter can be reset through a software command. If it is reset, operation ceases immediately and the transmitter must be enabled through the command register before resuming operation. If CTS operation is enable, the CTSN input must be Low in order for the character to be transmitted. If it goes High in the middle of a transmission, the character in the shift register is transmitted and TxDA then remains in the marking state until CTSN goes Low. The transmitter can also control the deactivation of the RTSN output. If programmed, the RTSN output will be reset one bit time after the character in the transmit shift register and transmit holding register 1998 Sep 04 SCC2692 In addition to the data word, three status bits (parity error, framing error, and received break) are also appended to each data character in the FIFO (overrun is not). Status can be provided in two ways, as programmed by the error mode control bit in the mode register. In the ‘character’ mode, status is provided on a character-by-character basis; the status applies only to the character at the top of the FIFO. In the ‘block’ mode, the status provided in the SR for these three bits is the logical-OR of the status for all characters coming to the top of the FIFO since the last ‘reset error’ command was issued. In either 9 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) Counter commands and puts the C/T into counter mode under the control of the received data stream. Each time a received character is transferred from the shift register to the RHR, the C/T is stopped after 1 C/T clock, reloaded with the value in CTU and CTL and then restarted on the next C/T clock. If the C/T is allowed to end the count before a new character has been received, the counter ready bit, ISR[3], will be set. If IMR[3] is set, this will generate an interrupt. Since receiving a character after the C/T has timed out will clear the counter ready bit, ISR[3], and the interrupt. Invoking the ‘Set Timeout Mode On’ command, CRx = ‘Ax’, will also clear the counter ready bit and stop the counter until the next character is received. mode reading the SR does not affect the FIFO. The FIFO is ‘popped’ only when the RHR is read. Therefore the status register should be read prior to reading the FIFO. If the FIFO is full when a new character is received, that character is held in the receive shift register until a FIFO position is available. If an additional character is received while this state exits, the contents of the FIFO are not affected; the character previously in the shift register is lost and the overrun error status bit (SR[4] will be set-upon receipt of the start bit of the new (overrunning) character. The receiver can control the deactivation of RTS. If programmed to operate in this mode, the RTSN output will be negated when a valid start bit was received and the FIFO is full. When a FIFO position becomes available, the RTSN output will be re-asserted automatically. This feature can be used to prevent an overrun, in the receiver, by connecting the RTSN output to the CTSN input of the transmitting device. This mode is reset by the “Disable Time-out Mode” command (CR x’C0) must be used. Time Out Mode Caution When operating in the special time out mode, it is possible to generate what appears to be a “false interrupt”, i.e., an interrupt without a cause. This may result when a time-out interrupt occurs and then, BEFORE the interrupt is serviced, another character is received, i.e., the data stream has started again. (The interrupt latency is longer than the pause in the data strea.) In this case, when a new character has been receiver, the counter/timer will be restarted by the receiver, thereby withdrawing its interrupt. If, at this time, the interrupt service begins for the previously seen interrupt, a read of the ISR will show the “Counter Ready” bit not set. If nothing else is interrupting, this read of the ISR will return a x’00 character. Receiver Reset and Disable Receiver disable stops the receiver immediately – data being assembled if the receiver shift register is lost. Data and status in the FIFO is preserved and may be read. A re-enable of the receiver after a disable will cause the receiver to begin assembling characters at the next start bit detected. A receiver reset will discard the present shift register data, reset the receiver ready bit (RxRDY), clear the status of the byte at the top of the FIFO and re-align the FIFO read/write pointers. This has the appearance of “clearing or flushing” the receiver FIFO. In fact, the FIFO is NEVER cleared! The data in the FIFO remains valid until overwritten by another received character. Because of this, erroneous reading or extra reads of the receiver FIFO will miss-align the FIFO pointers and result in the reading of previously read data. A receiver reset will re-align the pointers. Multidrop Mode The DUART is equipped with a receiver wake-up mode for multidrop applications. This mode is selected by programming bits MR1A[4:3] or MR1B[4:3] to ‘11’ for Channels A and B, respectively. In this mode of operation, a ‘master’ station transmits an address character followed by data characters for the addressed ‘slave’ station. The slave stations, with receivers that are normally disabled, examine the received data stream and ‘wake-up’ the CPU (by setting RxRDY) only upon receipt of an address character. The CPU compares the received address to its station address and enables the receiver if it wishes to receive the subsequent data characters. Upon receipt of another address character, the CPU may disable the receiver to initiate the process again. Receiver Timeout Mode The timeout mode uses the received data stream to control the counter/timer. Each time a received character is transferred from the shift register to the RHR, the counter is restarted. If a new character is not received before the counter reaches zero count, the counter ready bit is set, and an interrupt can be generated. This mode can be used to indicate when data has been left in the Rx FIFO for more than the programmed time limit. Otherwise, if the receiver has been programmed to interrupt the CPU when the receive FIFO is full, and the message ends before the FIFO is full, the CPU may not know there is data left in the FIFO. The CTU and CTL value would be programmed for just over one character time, so that the CPU would be interrupted as soon as it has stopped receiving continuous data. This mode can also be used to indicate when the serial line has been marking for longer than the programmed time limit. In this case, the CPU has read all of the characters from the FIFO, but the last character received has started the count. If there is no new data during the programmed time interval, the counter ready bit will get set, and an interrupt can be generated. A transmitted character consists of a start bit, the programmed number of data bits, and Address/Data (A/D) bit, and the programmed number of stop bits. The polarity of the transmitted A/D bit is selected by the CPU by programming bit MR1A[2]/MR1B[2]. MR1A[2]/MR1B[2] = 0 transmits a zero in the A/D bit position, which identifies the corresponding data bits as data while MR1A[2]/MR1B[2] = 1 transmits a one in the A/D bit position, which identifies the corresponding data bits as an address. The CPU should program the mode register prior to loading the corresponding data bits into the THR. In this mode, the receiver continuously looks at the received data stream, whether it is enabled or disabled. If disabled, it sets the RxRDY status bit and loads the character into the RHR FIFO if the received A/D bit is a one (address tag), but discards the received character if the received A/D bit is a zero (data tag). If enabled, all received characters are transferred to the CPU via the RHR. In either case, the data bits are loaded into the data FIFO while the A/D bit is loaded into the status FIFO position normally used for parity error (SRA[5] or SRB[5]). Framing error, overrun error, and break detect operate normally whether or not the receive is enabled. The timeout mode is enabled by writing the appropriate command to the command register. Writing an ‘Ax’ to CRA or CRB will invoke the timeout mode for that channel. Writing a ‘Cx’ to CRA or CRB will disable the timeout mode. The timeout mode should only be used by one channel at once, since it uses the C/T. CTU and CTL must be loaded with a value greater than the normal receive character period. The timeout mode disables the regular START/STOP 1998 Sep 04 SCC2692 10 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) SCC2692 Table 1. SCC2692 Register Addressing A3 A2 A1 A0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 READ (RDN = 0) WRITE (WRN = 0) Mode Register A (MR1A, MR2A) Status Register A (SRA) BRG Test Rx Holding Register A (RHRA) Input Port Change Register (IPCR) Interrupt Status Register (ISR) Counter/Timer Upper Value (CTU) Counter/Timer Lower Value (CTL) Mode Register B (MR1B, MR2B) Status Register B (SRB) 1X/16X Test Rx Holding Register B (RHRB) Reserved Input Ports IP0 to IP6 Start Counter Command Stop Counter Command Mode Register A (MR1A, MR2A) Clock Select Register A (CSRA) Command Register A (CRA) Tx Holding Register A (THRA) Aux. Control Register (ACR) Interrupt Mask Register (IMR) C/T Upper Preset Value (CRUR) C/T Lower Preset Value (CTLR) Mode Register B (MR1B, MR2B) Clock Select Register B (CSRB) Command Register B (CRB) Tx Holding Register B (THRB) Reserved Output Port Conf. Register (OPCR) Set Output Port Bits Command Reset Output Port Bits Command * See Table 6 for BRG Test frequencies in this data sheet, and “Extended baud rates for SCN2681, SCN68681, SCC2691, SCC2692, SCC68681 and SCC2698B” in application notes elsewhere in this publication Table 2. Register Bit Formats MR1A MR1B BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 RxRTS CONTROL RxINT SELECT ERROR MODE* 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = RxRDY 1 = FFULL 0 = Char 1 = Block BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 PARITY MODE PARITY TYPE BITS PER CHARACTER 00 = With Parity 01 = Force Parity 10 = No Parity 11 = Multidrop Mode 0 = Even 1 = Odd 00 = 5 01 = 6 10 = 7 11 = 8 NOTE: *In block error mode, block error conditions must be cleared by using the error reset command (command 4x) or a receiver reset. BIT 7 MR2A MR2B BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 CHANNEL MODE TxRTS CONTROL CTS ENABLE Tx 00 = Normal 01 = Auto-Echo 10 = Local loop 11 = Remote loop 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 STOP BIT LENGTH* 0 = 0.563 1 = 0.625 2 = 0.688 3 = 0.750 4 = 0.813 5 = 0.875 6 = 0.938 7 = 1.000 8 = 1.563 9 = 1.625 A = 1.688 B = 1.750 C = 1.813 D = 1.875 E = 1.938 F = 2.000 NOTE: *Add 0.5 to values shown for 0 – 7 if channel is programmed for 5 bits/char. BIT 7 CSRA CSRB BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 RECEIVER CLOCK SELECT TRANSMITTER CLOCK SELECT See Text See Text * See Table 6 for BRG Test frequencies in this data sheet, and “Extended baud rates for SCN2681, SCN68681, SCC2691, SCC2692, SCC68681 and SCC2698B” in application notes elsewhere in this publication BIT 7 CRA CRB BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 DISABLE Tx ENABLE Tx DISABLE Rx ENABLE Rx See Text and Timing Requirement 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes NOTE: Access to the miscellaneous commands should be separated by 3 X1 clock edges. A disabled transmitter cannot be loaded. 1998 Sep 04 11 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) Table 2. SCC2692 Register Bit Formats (Continued) SRA SRB BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 RECEIVED BREAK* FRAMING ERROR* PARITY ERROR* OVERRUN ERROR TxEMT TxRDY FFULL RxRDY 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes NOTE: *These status bits are appended to the corresponding data character in the receive FIFO. A read of the status provides these bits (7:5) from the top of the FIFO together with bits (4:0). These bits are cleared by a “reset error status” command. In character mode they are discarded when the corresponding data character is read from the FIFO. In block error mode, block error conditions must be cleared by using the error reset command (command 4x) or a receiver reset. OPCR OPR OPR bit BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 OP7 OP6 OP5 OP4 0 = OPR[7] 1 = TxRDYB 0 = OPR[6] 1 = TxRDYA 0 = OPR[5] 1 = RxRDY/ FFULLB 0 = OPR[4] 1 = RxRDY/ FFULLA BIT 7 0 BIT 6 1 0 BIT 5 1 0 0 ACR IPCR ISR BIT 6 BIT 5 BRG SET SELECT COUNTER/TIMER MODE AND SOURCE 0 = set 1 1 = set 2 See Table 4 BIT 2 BIT 1 OP3 BIT 3 BIT 0 OP2 00 = OPR[3] 01 = C/T OUTPUT 10 = TxCB(1X) 11 = RxCB(1X) BIT 4 1 OP pin 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 NOTE: The level at the OP pin is the inverse of the bit in the OPR register. BIT 7 BIT 3 00 = OPR[2] 01 = TxCA(16X) 10 = TxCA(1X) 11 = RxCA(1X) BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 DELTA IP 3 INT DELTA IP 2 INT DELTA IP 1 INT DELTA IP 0 INT 0 = Off 1 = On 0 = Off 1 = On 0 = Off 1 = On 0 = Off 1 = On BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 DELTA IP 3 DELTA IP 2 DELTA IP 1 DELTA IP 0 IP 3 IP 2 IP 1 IP 0 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = Low 1 = High 0 = Low 1 = High 0 = Low 1 = High 0 = Low 1 = High BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 INPUT PORT CHANGE DELTA BREAK B RxRDY/ FFULLB TxRDYB COUNTER READY DELTA BREAK A RxRDY/ FFULLA TxRDYA 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes 0 = No 1 = Yes BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 IN. PORT CHANGE INT DELTA BREAK B INT RxRDY/ FFULLB INT TxRDYB INT COUNTER READY INT DELTA BREAK A INT RxRDY/ FFULLA INT TxRDYA INT 0 = Off 1 = On 0 = Off 1 = On 0 = Off 1 = On 0 = Off 1 = On 0 = Off 1 = On 0 = Off 1 = On 0 = Off 1 = On 0 = Off 1 = On BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 CTUR C/T[15] C/T[14] C/T[13] C/T[12] C/T[11] C/T[10] C/T[9] C/T[8] BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 CTLR C/T[7] C/T[6] C/T[5] C/T[4] C/T[3] C/T[2] C/T[1] C/T[0] IMR 1998 Sep 04 12 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) MR1A[4:3| – Channel A Parity Mode Select If ‘with parity’ or ‘force parity’ is selected a parity bit is added to the transmitted character and the receiver performs a parity check on incoming data MR1A[4:3] = 11 selects Channel A to operate in the special multidrop mode described in the Operation section. PROGRAMMING The operation of the DUART is programmed by writing control words into the appropriate registers. Operational feedback is provided via status registers which can be read by the CPU. The addressing of the registers is described in Table 1. MR1A[2] – Channel A Parity Type Select This bit selects the parity type (odd or even) if the ‘with parity’ mode is programmed by MR1A[4:3], and the polarity of the forced parity bit if the ‘force parity’ mode is programmed. It has no effect if the ‘no parity’ mode is programmed. In the special multidrop mode it selects the polarity of the A/D bit. The contents of certain control registers are initialized to zero on RESET. Care should be exercised if the contents of a register are changed during operation, since certain changes may cause operational problems. For example, changing the number of bits per character while the transmitter is active may cause the transmission of an incorrect character. In general, the contents of the MR, the CSR, and the OPCR should only be changed while the receiver(s) and transmitter(s) are not enabled, and certain changes to the ACR should only be made while the C/T is stopped. MR1A[1:0] – Channel A Bits Per Character Select This field selects the number of data bits per character to be transmitted and received. The character length does not include the start, parity, and stop bits. Mode registers 1 and 2 of each channel are accessed via independent auxiliary pointers. The pointer is set to MR1X by RESET or by issuing a ‘reset pointer’ command via the corresponding command register. Any read or write of the mode register while the pointer is at MR1X, switches the pointer to MR2X. The pointer then remains at MR2X, so that subsequent accesses are always to MR2X unless the pointer is reset to MR1X as described above. MR2A – Channel A Mode Register 2 MR2A is accessed when the Channel A MR pointer points to MR2, which occurs after any access to MR1A. Accesses to MR2A do not change the pointer. MR2A[7:6] – Channel A Mode Select Each channel of the DUART can operate in one of four modes. MR2A[7:6] = 00 is the normal mode, with the transmitter and receiver operating independently. MR2A[7:6] = 01 places the channel in the automatic echo mode, which automatically re-transmits the received data. The following conditions are true while in automatic echo mode: 1. Received data is re-clocked and retransmitted on the TxDA output. Mode, command, clock select, and status registers are duplicated for each channel to provide total independent operation and control. Refer to Table 2 for register bit descriptions. The reserved registers at addresses H‘02’ and H‘OA’ should never be read during normal operation since they are reserved for internal diagnostics. MR1A – Channel A Mode Register 1 2. The receive clock is used for the transmitter. MR1A is accessed when the Channel A MR pointer points to MR1. The pointer is set to MR1 by RESET or by a ‘set pointer’ command applied via CRA. After reading or writing MR1A, the pointer will point to MR2A. 3. The receiver must be enabled, but the transmitter need not be enabled. 4. The Channel A TxRDY and TxEMT status bits are inactive. 5. The received parity is checked, but is not regenerated for transmission, i.e., transmitted parity bit is as received. MR1A[7] – Channel A Receiver Request-to-Send Control This bit controls the deactivation of the RTSAN output (OP0) by the receiver. This output is normally asserted by setting OPR[0] and negated by resetting OPR[0]. MR1A[7] = 1 causes RTSAN to be negated upon receipt of a valid start bit if the Channel A FIFO is full. However, OPR[0] is not reset and RTSAN will be asserted again when an empty FIFO position is available. This feature can be used for flow control to prevent overrun in the receiver by using the RTSAN output signal to control the CTSN input of the transmitting device. 6. Character framing is checked, but the stop bits are retransmitted as received. 7. A received break is echoed as received until the next valid start bit is detected. 8. CPU to receiver communication continues normally, but the CPU to transmitter link is disabled. Two diagnostic modes can also be configured. MR2A[7:6] = 10 selects local loopback mode. In this mode: 1. The transmitter output is internally connected to the receiver input. MR1A[6] – Channel A Receiver Interrupt Select This bit selects either the Channel A receiver ready status (RxRDY) or the Channel A FIFO full status (FFULL) to be used for CPU interrupts. It also causes the selected bit to be output on OP4 if it is programmed as an interrupt output via the OPCR. 2. The transmit clock is used for the receiver. 3. The TxDA output is held High. MR1A[5] – Channel A Error Mode Select This bit selects the operating mode of the three FIFOed status bits (FE, PE, received break) for Channel A. In the ‘character’ mode, status is provided on a character-by-character basis; the status applies only to the character at the top of the FIFO. In the ‘block’ mode, the status provided in the SR for these bits is the accumulation (logical-OR) of the status for all characters coming to the top of the FIFO since the last ‘reset error’ command for Channel A was issued. 1998 Sep 04 SCC2692 4. The RxDA input is ignored. 5. The transmitter must be enabled, but the receiver need not be enabled. 6. CPU to transmitter and receiver communications continue normally. The second diagnostic mode is the remote loopback mode, selected by MR2A[7:6] = 11. In this mode: 13 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Program the auto-reset mode: MR2[5]=1 Enable transmitter, if not already enabled Assert RTSN via command Send message After the last character of the message is loaded to the THR, disable the transmitter. (If the transmitter is underrun, a special case exists. See note below.) 6. The last character will be transmitted and the RTSN will be reset one bit time after the last stop bit is sent. 1. Received data is re-clocked and retransmitted on the TxDA output. 2. The receive clock is used for the transmitter. 3. Received data is not sent to the local CPU, and the error status conditions are inactive. 4. The received parity is not checked and is not regenerated for transmission, i.e., transmitted parity is as received. 5. The receiver must be enabled. NOTE: The transmitter is in an underrun condition when both the TxRDY and the TxEMT bits are set. This condition also exists immediately after the transmitter is enabled from the disabled or reset state. When using the above procedure with the transmitter in the underrun condition, the issuing of the transmitter disable must be delayed from the loading of a single, or last, character until the TxRDY becomes active again after the character is loaded. 6. Character framing is not checked, and the stop bits are retransmitted as received. 7. A received break is echoed as received until the next valid start bit is detected. The user must exercise care when switching into and out of the various modes. The selected mode will be activated immediately upon mode selection, even if this occurs in the middle of a received or transmitted character. Likewise, if a mode is deselected the device will switch out of the mode immediately. An exception to this is switching out of autoecho or remote loopback modes: if the de-selection occurs just after the receiver has sampled the stop bit (indicated in autoecho by assertion of RxRDY), and the transmitter is enabled, the transmitter will remain in autoecho mode until the entire stop has been re-transmitted. MR2A[4] – Channel A Clear-to-Send Control If this bit is 0, CTSAN has no effect on the transmitter. If this bit is a 1, the transmitter checks the state of CTSAN (IPO) each time it is ready to send a character. If IPO is asserted (Low), the character is transmitted. If it is negated (High), the TxDA output remains in the marking state and the transmission is delayed until CTSAN goes low. Changes in CTSAN while a character is being transmitted do not affect the transmission of that character.. MR2A[5] – Channel A Transmitter Request-to-Send Control CAUTION: When the transmitter controls the OP pin (usually used for the RTSN signal) the meaning of the pin is not RTSN at all! Rather, it signals that the transmitter has finished the transmission (i.e., end of block). MR2A[3:0] – Channel A Stop Bit Length Select This field programs the length of the stop bit appended to the transmitted character. Stop bit lengths of 9/16 to 1 and 1-9/16 to 2 bits, in increments of 1/16 bit, can be programmed for character lengths of 6, 7, and 8 bits. For a character lengths of 5 bits, 1-1/16 to 2 stop bits can be programmed in increments of 1/16 bit. In all cases, the receiver only checks for a ‘mark’ condition at the center of the first stop bit position (one bit time after the last data bit, or after the parity bit is enabled). This bit allows deactivation of the RTSN output by the transmitter. This output is manually asserted and negated by the appropriate commands issued via the command register. MR2[5] set to 1 caused the RTSN to be reset automatically one bit time after the character(s) in the transmit shift register and in the THR (if any) are completely transmitted (including the programmed number of stop bits) if a previously issued transmitter disable is pending. This feature can be used to automatically terminate the transmission as follows: 1998 Sep 04 SCC2692 If an external 1X clock is used for the transmitter, MR2A[3] = 0 selects one stop bit and MR2A[3] = 1 selects two stop bits to be transmitted. 14 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) CSRB[3:0] – Channel B Transmitter Clock Select This field selects the baud rate clock for the Channel B transmitter. The field definition is as shown in Table 3, except as follows: MR1B – Channel B Mode Register 1 MR1B is accessed when the Channel B MR pointer points to MR1. The pointer is set to MR1 by RESET or by a ‘set pointer’ command applied via CRB. After reading or writing MR1B, the pointer will point to MR2B. CSRB[3:0] 1110 1111 The bit definitions for this register are identical to MR1A, except that all control actions apply to the Channel B receiver and transmitter and the corresponding inputs and outputs. CRA is a register used to supply commands to Channel A. Multiple commands can be specified in a single write to CRA as long as the commands are non-conflicting, e.g., the ‘enable transmitter’ and ‘reset transmitter’ commands cannot be specified in a single command word. The bit definitions for mode register are identical to the bit definitions for MR2A, except that all control actions apply to the Channel B receiver and transmitter and the corresponding inputs and outputs. CRA[7:4] – Miscellaneous Commands Sequential writes to CR(7:4) should be separated by three edges of the X1 clock. CSRA – Channel A Clock Select Register CSRA[7:4] – Channel A Receiver Clock Select This field selects the baud rate clock for the Channel A transmitter. The field definition is shown in Table 3. The encoded value of this field may be used to specify a single command as follows: 0000 No command. 0001 Reset MR pointer. Causes the Channel A MR pointer to point to MR1. 0010 Reset receiver. Resets the Channel A receiver as if a hardware reset had been applied. The receiver is disabled and the FIFO is flushed. 0011 Reset transmitter. Resets the Channel A transmitter as if a hardware reset had been applied. 0100 Reset error status. Clears the Channel A Received Break, Parity Error, and Overrun Error bits in the status register (SRA[7:4]). Used in character mode to clear OE status (although RB, PE and FE bits will also be cleared) and in block mode to clear all error status after a block of data has been received. 0101 Reset Channel A break change interrupt. Causes the Channel A break detect change bit in the interrupt status register (ISR[2]) to be cleared to zero. 0110 Start break. Forces the TxDA output Low (spacing). If the transmitter is empty the start of the break condition will be delayed up to two bit times. If the transmitter is active the break begins when transmission of the character is completed. If a character is in the THR, the start of the break will be delayed until that character, or any other loaded subsequently are transmitted. The transmitter must be enabled for this command to be accepted. 0111 Stop break. The TxDA line will go High (marking) within two bit times. TxDA will remain High for one bit time before the next character, if any, is transmitted. 1000 Assert RTSN. Causes the RTSN output to be asserted (Low). 1001 Negate RTSN. Causes the RTSN output to be negated (High). 1010 Set Timeout Mode On. The receiver in this channel will restart the C/T as each receive character is transferred from the shift register to the RHR. The C/T is placed in the counter mode, the START/STOP counter commands are disabled, the counter is stopped, and the Counter Ready Bit, ISR[3], is reset. The counter will not start until the first character is received after the command is issued. 1011 Not used. 1100 Disable Timeout Mode. This command returns control of the C/T to the regular START/STOP counter commands. It does not stop the counter, or clear any pending interrupts. After disabling the timeout mode, a ‘Stop Counter’ command should be issued to reset the ISR(3) bit. 1101 Not used. CSRA[3:0] – Channel A Transmitter Clock Select This field selects the baud rate clock for the Channel A transmitter. The field definition is as shown in Table 3, except as follows: ACR[7] = 0 IP3-16X IP3-1X ACR[7] = 1 IP3-16X IP3-1X The transmitter clock is always a 16X clock except for CSRA[3:0] = 1111. Table 3. Baud Rate CSRA[7:4] 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 ACR[7] = 0 50 110 134.5 200 300 600 1,200 1,050 2,400 4,800 ACR[7] = 1 75 110 134.5 150 300 600 1,200 2,000 2,400 4,800 1010 7,200 1,800 1011 9,600 9,600 1100 38.4K 19.2K 1101 Timer Timer 1110 IP4-16X IP4-16X 1111 IP4-1X IP4-1X NOTE: The receiver clock is always a 16X clock except for CSRA[7:4] = 1111. Also, see Table 6 for baud rates available in BRG Test. CSRB – Channel B Clock Select Register CSRB[7:4] – Channel B Receiver Clock Select This field selects the baud rate clock for the Channel B receiver. The field definition is as shown in Table 3, except as follows: CSRB[7:4] 1110 1111 ACR[7] = 0 IP6-16X IP6-1X ACR[7] = 1 IP6-16X IP6-1X The receiver clock is always a 16X clock except for CSRB[7:4] = 1111. 1998 Sep 04 ACR[7] = 1 IP5-16X IP5-1X CRA – Channel A Command Register MR2B is accessed when the Channel B MR pointer points to MR2, which occurs after any access to MR1B. Accesses to MR2B do not change the pointer. 1110 1111 ACR[7] = 0 IP5-16X IP5-1X The transmitter clock is always a 16X clock except for CSRB[3:0] = 1111. MR2B – Channel B Mode Register 2 CSRA[3:0] SCC2692 15 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) SRA[6] – Channel A Framing Error This bit, when set, indicates that a stop bit was not detected when the corresponding data character in the FIFO was received. The stop bit check is made in the middle of the first stop bit position. 1110 Power Down Mode On. In this mode, the DUART oscillator is stopped and all functions requiring this clock are suspended. The execution of commands other than disable power down mode (1111) requires a X1/CLK. While in the power down mode, do not issue any commands to the CR except the disable power down mode command. The contents of all registers will be saved while in this mode. It is recommended that the transmitter and receiver be disabled prior to placing the DUART into power down mode. This command is in CRA only. 1111 Disable Power Down Mode. This command restarts the oscillator. After invoking this command, wait for the oscillator to start up before writing further commands to the CR. This command is in CRA only. SRA[5] – Channel A Parity Error This bit is set when the ‘with parity’ or ‘force parity’ mode is programmed and the corresponding character in the FIFO was received with incorrect parity. In the special multidrop mode the parity error bit stores the receive A/D bit. SRA[4] – Channel A Overrun Error This bit, when set, indicates that one or more characters in the received data stream have been lost. It is set upon receipt of a new character when the FIFO is full and a character is already in the receive shift register waiting for an empty FIFO position. When this occurs, the character in the receive shift register (and its break detect, parity error and framing error status, if any) is lost. CRA[3] – Disable Channel A Transmitter This command terminates transmitter operation and resets the TxDRY and TxEMT status bits. However, if a character is being transmitted or if a character is in the THR when the transmitter is disabled, the transmission of the character(s) is completed before assuming the inactive state. This bit is cleared by a ‘reset error status’ command. CRA[2] – Enable Channel A Transmitter Enables operation of the Channel A transmitter. The TxRDY status bit will be asserted. SRA[3] – Channel A Transmitter Empty (TxEMTA) This bit will be set when the transmitter underruns, i.e., both the TxEMT and TxRDY bits are set. This bit and TxRDY are set when the transmitter is first enabled and at any time it is re-enabled after either (a) reset, or (b) the transmitter has assumed the disabled state. It is always set after transmission of the last stop bit of a character if no character is in the THR awaiting transmission. CRA[1] – Disable Channel A Receiver This command terminates operation of the receiver immediately – a character being received will be lost. The command has no effect on the receiver status bits or any other control registers. If the special multidrop mode is programmed, the receiver operates even if it is disabled. See Operation section. It is reset when the THR is loaded by the CPU, a pending transmitter disable is executed, the transmitter is reset, or the transmitter is disabled while in the underrun condition. CRA[0] – Enable Channel A Receiver Enables operation of the Channel A receiver. If not in the special wake-up mode, this also forces the receiver into the search for start bit state. SRA[2] – Channel A Transmitter Ready (TxRDYA) This bit, when set, indicates that the THR is empty and ready to be loaded with a character. This bit is cleared when the THR is loaded by the CPU and is set when the character is transferred to the transmit shift register. TxRDY is reset when the transmitter is disabled and is set when the transmitter is first enabled, e.g., characters loaded into the THR while the transmitter is disabled will not be transmitted. CRB – Channel B Command Register CRB is a register used to supply commands to Channel B. Multiple commands can be specified in a single write to CRB as long as the commands are non-conflicting, e.g., the ‘enable transmitter’ and ‘reset transmitter’ commands cannot be specified in a single command word. SRA[1] – Channel A FIFO Full (FFULLA) This bit is set when a character is transferred from the receive shift register to the receive FIFO and the transfer causes the FIFO to become full, i.e., all three FIFO positions are occupied. It is reset when the CPU reads the RHR. If a character is waiting in the receive shift register because the FIFO is full, FFULL will not be reset when the CPU reads the RHR. The bit definitions for this register are identical to the bit definitions for CRA, with the exception of commands “Ex” and “Fx” which are used for power downmode. These two commands are not used in CRB. All other control actions that apply to CRA also apply to CRB. SRA – Channel A Status Register SRA[7] – Channel A Received Break This bit indicates that an all zero character of the programmed length has been received without a stop bit. Only a single FIFO position is occupied when a break is received: further entries to the FIFO are inhibited until the RxDA line returns to the marking state for at least one-half a bit time two successive edges of the internal or external 1X clock. This will usually require a high time of one X1 clock period or 3 X1 edges since the clock of the controller is not synchronous to the X1 clock. SRA[0] – Channel A Receiver Ready (RxRDYA) This bit indicates that a character has been received and is waiting in the FIFO to be read by the CPU. It is set when the character is transferred from the receive shift to the FIFO and reset when the CPU reads the RHR, if after this read there are not more characters still in the FIFO. SRB – Channel B Status Register The bit definitions for this register are identical to the bit definitions for SRA, except that all status applies to the Channel B receiver and transmitter and the corresponding inputs and outputs. When this bit is set, the Channel A ‘change in break’ bit in the ISR (ISR[2]) is set. ISR[2] is also set when the end of the break condition, as defined above, is detected. The break detect circuitry can detect breaks that originate in the middle of a received character. However, if a break begins in the middle of a character, it must persist until at least the end of the next character time in order for it to be detected. 1998 Sep 04 SCC2692 16 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) 10 The 1X clock for the Channel A transmitter, which is the clock that shifts the transmitted data. If data is not being transmitted, a free running 1X clock is output. 11 The 1X clock for the Channel A receiver, which is the clock that samples the received data. If data is not being received, a free running 1X clock is output. OPCR – Output Port Configuration Register OPCR[7] – OP7 Output Select This bit programs the OP7 output to provide one of the following: 0 The complement of OPR[7]. 1 The Channel B transmitter interrupt output which is the complement of TxRDYB. When in this mode OP7 acts as an open- drain output. Note that this output is not masked by the contents of the IMR. ACR – Auxiliary Control Register ACR[7] – Baud Rate Generator Set Select This bit selects one of two sets of baud rates to be generated by the BRG: OPCR[6] – OP6 Output Select This bit programs the OP6 output to provide one of the following: 0 The complement of OPR[6]. 1 The Channel A transmitter interrupt output which is the complement of TxRDYA. When in this mode OP6 acts as an open- drain output. Note that this output is not masked by the contents of the IMR. Set 1: Set 2: 50, 110, 134.5, 200, 300, 600, 1.05K, 1.2K, 2.4K, 4.8K, 7.2K, 9.6K, and 38.4K baud. 75, 110, 134.5, 150, 300, 600, 1.2K, 1.8K, 2.0K, 2.4K, 4.8K, 9.6K, and 19.2K baud. Table 4. Bit Rate Generator Characteristics Crystal or Clock = 3.6864MHz OPCR[5] – OP5 Output Select This bit programs the OP5 output to provide one of the following: 0 The complement of OPR[5]. 1 The Channel B transmitter interrupt output which is the complement of ISR[5]. When in this mode OP5 acts as an open-drain output. Note that this output is not masked by the contents of the IMR. BAUD RATE 50 75 110 134.5 150 200 300 600 1050 1200 1800 2000 2400 4800 7200 9600 14.4K 19.2K 28.8K 38.4K 57.6K 115.2K OPCR[4] – OP4 Output Select This field programs the OP4 output to provide one of the following: 0 The complement of OPR[4]. 1 The Channel A receiver interrupt output which is the complement of ISR[1]. When in this mode OP4 acts as an open-drain output. Note that this output is not masked by the contents of the IMR. OPCR[3:2] – OP3 Output Select This bit programs the OP3 output to provide one of the following: 00 The complement of OPR[3]. 01 The counter/timer output, in which case OP3 acts as an open-drain output. In the timer mode, this output is a square wave at the programmed frequency. In the counter mode, the output remains High until terminal count is reached, at which time it goes Low. The output returns to the High state when the counter is stopped by a stop counter command. Note that this output is not masked by the contents of the IMR. 10 The 1X clock for the Channel B transmitter, which is the clock that shifts the transmitted data. If data is not being transmitted, a free running 1X clock is output. 11 The 1X clock for the Channel B receiver, which is the clock that samples the received data. If data is not being received, a free running 1X clock is output. ACTUAL 16X CLOCK (kHz) 0.8 1.2 1.759 2.153 2.4 3.2 4.8 9.6 16.756 19.2 28.8 32.056 38.4 76.8 115.2 153.6 230.4 307.2 460.8 614.4 921.2 1,843.2 ERROR (%) 0 0 -0.069 0.059 0 0 0 0 -0.260 0 0 0.175 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NOTE: Duty cycle of 16X clock is 50% ±1%. The selected set of rates is available for use by the Channel A and B receivers and transmitters as described in CSRA and CSRB. Baud rate generator characteristics are given in Table 4. ACR[6:4] – Counter/Timer Mode And Clock Source Select This field selects the operating mode of the counter/timer and its clock source as shown in Table 5. ACR[3:0] – IP3, IP2, IP1, IP0 Change-of-State Interrupt Enable This field selects which bits of the input port change register (IPCR) cause the input change bit in the interrupt status register (ISR[7]) to be set. If a bit is in the ‘on’ state the setting of the corresponding bit in the IPCR will also result in the setting of ISR[7], which results in the generation of an interrupt output if IMR[7] = 1. If a bit is in the ‘off’ state, the setting of that bit in the IPCR has no effect on ISR[7]. OPCR[1:0] – OP2 Output Select This field programs the OP2 output to provide one of the following: 00 The complement of OPR[2]. 01 The 16X clock for the Channel A transmitter. This is the clock selected by CSRA[3:0], and will be a 1X clock if CSRA[3:0] = 1111. 1998 Sep 04 SCC2692 17 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) a character is transferred from the receive holding register to the receive FIFO and the transfer caused the Channel B FIFO to become full; i.e., all three FIFO positions are occupied. It is reset when the CPU reads the RHR. If a character is waiting in the receive shift register because the FIFO is full, the bit will be set again when the waiting character is loaded into the FIFO. Table 5. ACR 6:4 Field Definition ACR 6:4 000 Counter 001 Counter 010 Counter 011 Counter 100 Timer (square wave) TxCA – 1X clock of Channel A transmitter TxCB – 1X clock of Channel B transmitter Crystal or external (X1/CLK) divided by 16 External (IP2) 101 Timer (square wave) External (IP2) divided by 16 MODE CLOCK SOURCE External (IP2) ISR[4] – Channel B Transmitter Ready This bit is a duplicate of TxRDYB (SRB[2]). ISR[3] – Counter Ready. In the counter mode, this bit is set when the counter reaches terminal count and is reset when the counter is stopped by a stop counter command. Crystal or external clock (X1/CLK) Crystal or IP2 clock (X1/CLK) 111 Timer (square wave) divided by 16 NOTE: Timer mode generates a squarewave. 110 Timer (square wave) In the timer mode, this bit is set once each cycle of the generated square wave (every other time that the counter/timer reaches zero count). The bit is reset by a stop counter command. The command, however, does not stop the counter/timer. In the time-out mode, the “Disable Time-out Mode” command (CR x’C0) must be used. IPCR – Input Port Change Register IPCR[7:4] – IP3, IP2, IP1, IP0 Change-of-State These bits are set when a change-of-state, as defined in the input port section of this data sheet, occurs at the respective input pins. They are cleared when the IPCR is read by the CPU. A read of the IPCR also clears ISR[7], the input change bit in the interrupt status register. The setting of these bits can be programmed to generate an interrupt to the CPU. ISR[2] – Channel A Change in Break This bit, when set, indicates that the Channel A receiver has detected the beginning or the end of a received break. It is reset when the CPU issues a Channel A ‘reset break change interrupt’ command. ISR[1] – Channel A Receiver Ready Or FIFO Full The function of this bit is programmed by MR1A[6]. If programmed as receiver ready, it indicates that a character has been received in Channel A and is waiting in the FIFO to be read by the CPU. It is set when the character is transferred from the receive shift register to the FIFO and reset when the CPU reads the RHR. If after this read there are more characters still in the FIFO the bit will be set again after the FIFO is ‘popped’. If programmed as FIFO full, it is set when a character is transferred from the receive holding register to the receive FIFO and the transfer caused the Channel A FIFO to become full; i.e., all three FIFO positions are occupied. It is reset when the CPU reads the RHR. If a character is waiting in the receive shift register because the FIFO is full, the bit will be set again when the ISR[0] and IMR waiting character is loaded into the FIFO. IPCR[3:0] – IP3, IP2, IP1, IP0 Change-of-State These bits provide the current state of the respective inputs. The information is unlatched and reflects the state of the input pins at the time the IPCR is read. ISR – Interrupt Status Register This register provides the status of all potential interrupt sources. The contents of this register are masked by the Interrupt Mask Register (IMR). If a bit in the ISR is a ‘1’ and the corresponding bit in the IMR is also a ‘1’, the INTRN output will be asserted (Low). If the corresponding bit in the IMR is a zero, the state of the bit in the ISR has no effect on the INTRN output. Note that the IMR does not mask the reading of the ISR – the true status will be provided regardless of the contents of the IMR. The contents of this register are initialized to 0016 when the DUART is reset. ISR[0] – Channel A Transmitter Ready This bit is a duplicate of TxRDYA (SRA[2]). ISR[7] – Input Port Change Status This bit is a ‘1’ when a change-of-state has occurred at the IP0, IP1, IP2, or IP3 inputs and that event has been selected to cause an interrupt by the programming of ACR[3:0]. The bit is cleared when the CPU reads the IPCR. IMR – Interrupt Mask Register The programming of this register selects which bits in the ISR causes an interrupt output. If a bit in the ISR is a ‘1’ and the corresponding bit in the IMR is also a ‘1’ the INTRN output will be asserted. If the corresponding bit in the IMR is a zero, the state of the bit in the ISR has no effect on the INTRN output. Note that the IMR does not mask the programmable interrupt outputs OP3-OP7 or the reading of the ISR. ISR[6] – Channel B Change In Break This bit, when set, indicates that the Channel B receiver has detected the beginning or the end of a received break. It is reset when the CPU issues a Channel B ‘reset break change interrupt’ command. CTUR and CTLR – Counter/Timer Registers The CTUR and CTLR hold the eight MSBs and eight LSBs, respectively, of the value to be used by the counter/timer in either the counter or timer modes of operation. The minimum value which may be loaded into the CTUR/CTLR registers is H‘0002’. Note that these registers are write-only and cannot be read by the CPU. ISR[5] – Channel B Receiver Ready or FIFO Full The function of this bit is programmed by MR1B[6]. If programmed as receiver ready, it indicates that a character has been received in Channel B and is waiting in the FIFO to be read by the CPU. It is set when the character is transferred from the receive shift register to the FIFO and reset when the CPU reads the RHR. If after this read there are more characters still in the FIFO the bit will be set again after the FIFO is ‘popped’. If programmed as FIFO full, it is set when 1998 Sep 04 SCC2692 In the timer (programmable divider) mode, the C/T generates a square wave with a period of twice the value (in clock periods) of the CTUR and CTLR. The waveform so generated is often used for a 18 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) In the counter mode, the C/T counts down the number of pulses loaded into CTUR and CTLR by the CPU. Counting begins upon receipt of a start counter command. Upon reaching terminal count H‘0000’, the counter ready interrupt bit (ISR[3]) is set. The counter continues counting past the terminal count until stopped by the CPU. If OP3 is programmed to be the output of the C/T, the output remains High until terminal count is reached, at which time it goes Low. The output returns to the High state and ISR[3] is cleared when the counter is stopped by a stop counter command. The CPU may change the values of CTUR and CTLR at any time, but the new count becomes effective only on the next start counter commands. If new values have not been loaded, the previous count values are preserved and used for the next count cycle data clock. The formula for calculating the divisor n to load to the CTUR and CTLR for a particular 1X data clock is shown below: n counter clock frequency 16 x 2 x baud rate desired Often this division will result in a non-integer number; 26.3, for example. One can only program integer numbers in a digital divider. Therefore, 26 would be chosen. This gives a baud rate error of 0.3/26.3 which is 1.14%; well within the ability asynchronous mode of operation. If the value in CTUR and CTLR is changed, the current half-period will not be affected, but subsequent half periods will be. The C/T will not be running until it receives an initial ‘Start Counter’ command (read at address A3-A0 = 1110). After this, while in timer mode, the C/T will run continuously. Receipt of a start counter command (read with A3-A0 = 1110) causes the counter to terminate the current timing cycle and to begin a new cycle using the values in CTUR and CTLR. In the counter mode, the current value of the upper and lower 8 bits of the counter (CTU, CTL) may be read by the CPU. It is recommended that the counter be stopped when reading to prevent potential problems which may occur if a carry from the lower 8 bits to the upper 8 bits occurs between the times that both halves of the counter are read. However, note that a subsequent start counter command will cause the counter to begin a new count cycle using the values in CTUR and CTLR. The counter ready status bit (ISR[3]) is set once each cycle of the square wave. The bit is reset by a stop counter command (read with A3-A0 = H‘F’). The command however, does not stop the C/T. The generated square wave is output on OP3 if it is programmed to be the C/T output. RESETN tRES SD00133 Figure 3. Reset Timing 1998 Sep 04 SCC2692 19 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) SCC2692 A0–A3 tAS tAH CEN tCS tCH tRW tRWD RDN tDD D0–D7 (READ) tDF NOT VALID FLOAT VALID FLOAT tRWD tDA WDN tDS tDH D0–D7 (WRITE) VALID SD00134 Figure 4. Bus Timing RDN tPS tPH IP0–IP6 (a) INPUT PINS WRN tPD OP0–OP7 OLD DATA NEW DATA (b) OUTPUT PINS SD00135 Figure 5. Port Timing 1998 Sep 04 20 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) SCC2692 VM WRN tIR INTERRUPT 1 OUTPUT VOL +0.5V VOL VM RDN tIR INTERRUPT 1 OUTPUT VOL +0.5V VOL NOTES: 1. INTRN or OP3-OP7 when used as interrupt outputs. 2. The test for open-drain outputs is intended to guarantee switching of the output transistor. Measurement of this response is referenced from the midpoint of the switching signal, VM, to a point 0.5V above VOL. This point represents noise margin that assures true switching has occurred. Beyond this level, the effects of external circuitry and test environment are pronounced and can greatly affect the resultant measurement. SD00136 Figure 6. Interrupt Timing tCLK tCTC tRx tTx +5V R1 1K X1/CLK CTCLK RxC TxC X1 U1 RESISTOR REQUIRED WHEN U1 IS A TTL DEVICE tCLK tCTC tRx tTx X2 NC SCC2698B C1 = C2 = 24pF FOR CL = 20PF X1 3pF 50 TO 150 KΩ X2 3.6864MHz TO INTERNAL CLOCK DRIVERS 4pF NOTE: C1 AND C2 SHOULD BE BASED ON MANUFACTURER’S SPECIFICATION. PARASITIC CAPACITANCE SHOULD BE INCLUDED WITH C1 AND C2. R1 IS ONLY REQUIRED IF U1 WILL NOT DRIVE TO X1 INPUT LEVELS TYPICAL CRYSTAL SPECIFICATION FREQUENCY: 2 – 4MHZ LOAD CAPACITANCE (CL): 12 – 32pF TYPE OF OPERATION: PARALLEL RESONANT, FUNDAMENTAL MODE SD00137 Figure 7. Clock Timing 1998 Sep 04 21 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) SCC2692 1 BIT TIME (1 OR 16 CLOCKS) TxC (INPUT) tTXD TxD tTCS TxC (1X OUTPUT) SD00138 Figure 8. Transmitter External RxC (1X INPUT) tRXS tRXH RxD SD00139 Figure 9. Receive External Clock TxD D1 D2 D3 BREAK D4 D6 TRANSMITTER ENABLED TxRDY (SR2) WRN D1 D2 D3 START BREAK D4 CTSN1 STOP BREAK D5 WILL NOT BE TRANSMITTED D6 (IP0) RTSN2 (OP0) OPR(0) = 1 OPR(0) = 1 NOTES: 1. Timing shown for MR2(4) = 1. SD00140 2. Timing shown for MR2(5) = 1. Figure 10. Transmitter Timing 1998 Sep 04 22 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) D1 RxD D2 D3 D4 SCC2692 D5 D6 D7 D8 D6, D7, D8 WILL BE LOST RECEIVER ENABLED RxRDY (SR0) FFULL (SR1) RxRDY/ FFULL (OP5)2 RDN STATUS DATA STATUS DATA STATUS DATA STATUS DATA D5 WILL BE LOST D1 OVERRUN (SR4) D2 D3 D4 RESET BY COMMAND RTS1 (OP0) OPR(0) = 1 NOTES: 1. Timing shown for MR1(7) = 1. 2. Shown for OPCR(4) = 1 and MR(6) = 0. SD00141 Figure 11. Receiver Timing MASTER STATION BIT 9 ADD#1 1 TxD BIT 9 BIT 9 D0 ADD#2 1 0 TRANSMITTER ENABLED TxRDY (SR2) WRN MR1(4–3) = 11 MR1(2) = 1 ADD#1 MR1(2) = 0 D0 PERIPHERAL STATION BIT 9 0 RxD MR1(2) = 1 ADD#2 BIT 9 ADD#1 1 BIT 9 BIT 9 D0 BIT 9 ADD#2 1 0 0 RECEIVER ENABLED RxRDY (SR0) RDN/WRN MR1(4–3) = 11 ADD#1 STATUS DATA STATUS DATA D0 ADD#2 SD00142 Figure 12. Wake-Up Mode 1998 Sep 04 23 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) RTS can also be controlled by the commands 1000 and 1001 in the command register. RTS is expressed at the OP0 or OP1 pin which is still an output port. Therefore, the state of OP0 or OP1 should be set low (either by commands of the CR register or by writing to the Set Output Ports Register) for the receiver to generate the proper RTS signal. The logic at the output is basically a NAND of the OPR register and the RTS signal as generated by the receiver. When the RTS flow control is selected via the MR(7) bit state of the OPR register is not changed. Terminating the use of “Flow Control” (via the MR registers) will return the OP0 or OP1 pins to the control of the OPR register. 2.7K +5V INTRN 50pF 750Ω D0–D7 TxDA/B OP0–OP7 2.15V 150pF SD00143 Figure 13. Test Conditions on Outputs Transmitter Disable Note Output Port Notes The sequence of instructions enable transmitter — load transmit holding register — disable transmitter will result in nothing being sent if the time between the end of loading the transmit holding register and the disable command is less that 3/16 bit time in the 16x mode or one bit time in the 1x mode. Also, if the transmitter, while in the enabled state and underrun condition, is immediately disabled after a single character is loaded to the transmit holding register, that character will not be sent. The output ports are controlled from four places: the OPCR register, the OPR register, the MR registers and the command register. The OPCR register controls the source of the data for the output ports OP2 through OP7. The data source for output ports OP0 and OP1 is controlled by the MR and CR registers. When the OPR is the source of the data for the output ports, the data at the ports is inverted from that in the OPR register. The content of the OPR register is controlled by the “Set Output Port Bits Command” and the “Reset Output Bits Command”. These commands are at E and F, respectively. When these commands are used, action takes place only at the bit locations where ones exist. For example, a one in bit location 5 of the data word used with the “Set Output Port Bits” command will result in OPR5 being set to one. The OP5 would then be set to zero (VSS). Similarly, a one in bit position 5 of the data word associated with the “Reset Output Ports Bits” command would set OPR5 to zero and, hence, the pin OP5 to a one (VDD). In general, when it is desired to disable the transmitter before the last character is sent AND the TxEMT bit is set in the status register (TxEMT is always set if the transmitter has underrun or has just been enabled), be sure the TxRDY bit is active immediately before issuing the transmitter disable instruction. TxRDY sets at the end of the “start bit” time. It is during the start bit that the data in the transmit holding register is transferred to the transmit shift register. Table 6. Baud Rates Extended The CTS, RTS, CTS Enable Tx signals CTS (Clear To Send) is usually meant to be a signal to the transmitter meaning that it may transmit data to the receiver. The CTS input is on pin IP0 for TxA and on IP1 for TxB. The CTS signal is active low; thus, it is called CTSAN for TxA and CTSBN for TxB. CSR[7:4] 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 RTS is usually meant to be a signal from the receiver indicating that the receiver is ready to receive data. It is also active low and is, thus, called RTSAN for RxA and RTSBN for RxB. RTSAN is on pin OP0 and RTSBN is on OP1. A receiver’s RTS output will usually be connected to the CTS input of the associated transmitter. Therefore, one could say that RTS and CTS are different ends of the same wire! MR2(4) is the bit that allows the transmitter to be controlled by the CTS pin (IP0 or IP1). When this bit is set to one AND the CTS input is driven high, the transmitter will stop sending data at the end of the present character being serialized. It is usually the RTS output of the receiver that will be connected to the transmitter’s CTS input. The receiver will set RTS high when the receiver FIFO is full AND the start bit of the fourth character is sensed. Transmission then stops with four valid characters in the receiver. When MR2(4) is set to one, CTSN must be at zero for the transmitter to operate. If MR2(4) is set to zero, the IP pin will have no effect on the operation of the transmitter. Normal BRG ACR[7] = 0 ACR[7] = 1 50 75 110 110 134.5 134.5 200 150 300 300 600 600 1,200 1,200 1,050 2,000 2,400 2,400 4,800 4,800 7,200 1,800 9,600 9,600 38.4K 19.2K Timer Timer I/O2 – 16X I/O2 – 16X I/O2 – 1X I/O2 – 1X BRG Test ACR[7] = 0 ACR[7] = 1 4,800 7,200 880 880 1,076 1,076 19.2K 14.4K 28.8K 28.8K 57.6K 57.6K 115.2K 115.2K 1,050 2,000 57.6K 57.6K 4,800 4,800 57.6K 14.4K 9,600 9,600 38.4K 19.2K Timer Timer I/O2 – 16X I/O2 – 16X I/O2 – 1X I/O2 – 1X NOTE: Each read on address H‘2’ will toggle the baud rate test mode. When in the BRG test mode, the baud rates change as shown to the left. This change affects all receivers and transmitters on the DUART. See “Extended baud rates for SCN2681, SCN68681, SCC2691, SCC2692, SCC68681 and SCC2698B” in application notes elsewhere in this publication MR1(7) is the bit that allows the receiver to control OP0. When OP0 (or OP1) is controlled by the receiver, the meaning of that pin will be RTS. However, a point of confusion arises in that OP0 (or OP1) may also be controlled by the transmitter. When the transmitter is controlling this pin, its meaning is not RTS at all. It is, rather, that the transmitter has finished sending its last data byte. Programming the OP0 or OP1 pin to be controlled by the receiver and the transmitter at the same time is allowed, but would usually be incompatible. 1998 Sep 04 SCC2692 The test mode at address H‘A’ changes all transmitters and receivers to the 1x mode and connects the output ports to some internal nodes. 24 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) SCC2692 A condition that occurs infrequently has been observed where the receiver will ignore all data. It is caused by a corruption of the start bit generally due to noise. When this occurs the receiver will appear to be asleep or locked up. The receiver must be reset for the UART to continue to function properly. Reset in the Normal Mode (Receiver Enabled) Recovery can be accomplished easily by issuing a receiver software reset followed by a receiver enable. All receiver data, status and programming will be preserved and available before reset. The reset will NOT affect the programming. Reset in the Wake-Up Mode (MR1[4:3] = 11) Recovery can also be accomplished easily by first exiting the wake-up mode (MR1[4:3] = 00 or 01 or 10), then issuing a receiver software reset followed by a wake-up re-entry (MR1[4:3] = 11). All receiver data, status and programming will be preserved and available before reset. The reset will NOT affect the programming. The receiver has a digital filter designed to reject “noisy” data transitions and the receiver state machine was designed to reject noisy start bits or noise that might be considered a start bit. In spite of these precautions, corruption of the start bit can occur in 15ns window approximately 100ns prior to the rising edge of the data clock. The probability of this occurring is less than 10–5 at 9600 baud. A corrupted start bit may have some deleterious effects in ASYNC operation if it occurs within a normal data block. The receiver will tend to align its data clock to the next ‘0’ bit in the data stream, thus potentially corrupting the remainder of the data block. A good design practice, in environments where start bit corruption is possible, is to monitor data quality (framing error, parity error, break change and received break) and “data stopped” time out periods. Time out periods can be enabled using the counter/timer in the SCC2691, SCC2692, SCC2698B and SC68692 products. This monitoring can indicate a potential start bit corruption problem. SD00097 1998 Sep 04 25 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) DIP40: plastic dual in-line package; 40 leads (600 mil) 1998 Sep 04 26 SCC2692 SOT129-1 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) DIP28: plastic dual in-line package; 28 leads (600 mil) 1998 Sep 04 27 SCC2692 SOT117-1 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) PLCC44: plastic leaded chip carrier; 44 leads 1998 Sep 04 SCC2692 SOT187-2 28 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) QFP44: plastic quad flat package; 44 leads (lead length 1.3 mm); body 10 x 10 x 1.75 mm 1998 Sep 04 29 SCC2692 SOT307-2 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Dual asynchronous receiver/transmitter (DUART) SCC2692 Data sheet status Data sheet status Product status Definition [1] Objective specification Development This data sheet contains the design target or goal specifications for product development. Specification may change in any manner without notice. Preliminary specification Qualification This data sheet contains preliminary data, and supplementary data will be published at a later date. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make chages at any time without notice in order to improve design and supply the best possible product. Product specification Production This data sheet contains final specifications. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design and supply the best possible product. [1] Please consult the most recently issued datasheet before initiating or completing a design. Definitions Short-form specification — The data in a short-form specification is extracted from a full data sheet with the same type number and title. For detailed information see the relevant data sheet or data handbook. Limiting values definition — Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Application information — Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips Semiconductors make no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification. Disclaimers Life support — These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips Semiconductors customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips Semiconductors for any damages resulting from such application. Right to make changes — Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes, without notice, in the products, including circuits, standard cells, and/or software, described or contained herein in order to improve design and/or performance. Philips Semiconductors assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of any of these products, conveys no license or title under any patent, copyright, or mask work right to these products, and makes no representations or warranties that these products are free from patent, copyright, or mask work right infringement, unless otherwise specified. Copyright Philips Electronics North America Corporation 1998 All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. Philips Semiconductors 811 East Arques Avenue P.O. Box 3409 Sunnyvale, California 94088–3409 Telephone 800-234-7381 Date of release: 09-98 Document order number: 1998 Sep 04 30 9397 750 04359