PHILIPS P87C591VFA

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
DATA SHEET
P8xC591
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller
with CAN controller
Preliminary Specification
File under Integrated Circuits, IC28
2000 Jul 26
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
CONTENTS
1
FEATURES
1.1
1.2
80C51 Related Features of the 8xC591
CAN Related Features of the 8xC591
2
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
3
ORDERING INFORMATION
4
BLOCK DIAGRAM
5
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
6
PINNING INFORMATION
6.1
6.2
Pinning diagram
Pin description
7
MEMORY ORGANIZATION
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
Program Memory
Addressing
Expanded Data RAM addressing
Dual DPTR
8
I/O FACILITIES
9
OSCILLATOR CHARACTERISTICS
10
RESET
11
LOW POWER MODES
11.1
11.2
11.3
Stop Clock Mode
Idle Mode
Power-down Mode
12
CAN, CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
Features of the PeliCAN controller
PeliCAN structure
Communication between PeliCAN controller
and CPU
Register and Message Buffer description
CAN Registers
13
SERIAL I/O
14
SIO0 STANDARD SERIAL INTERFACE UART
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
Multiprocessor Communications
Serial Port Control Register
Baud Rate Generation
More about UART Modes
Enhanced UART
15
SIO1, I2C SERIAL IO
15.1
15.2
15.3
Modes of Operation
SIO1 Implementation and Operation
Software Examples of SIO1 Service Routines
16
TIMER 2
16.1
Features of Timer 2
2000 Jul 26
2
P8xC591
17
WATCHDOG TIMER (T3)
18
PULSE WIDTH MODULATED OUTPUTS
18.1
18.2
18.3
Prescaler Frequency Control Register (PWMP)
Pulse Width Register 0 (PWM0)
Pulse Width Register 1 (PWM1)
19
PORT 1 OPERATION
20
ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC)
20.1
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.5
ADC features
ADC functional description
10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Conversion
10-Bit ADC Resolution and Analog Supply
Power Reduction Modes
21
INTERRUPTS
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
Interrupt Enable Registers
Interrupt Enable and Priority Registers
Interrupt priority
Interrupt Vectors
22
INSTRUCTION SET
22.1
Addressing Modes
23
LIMITING VALUES
24
DC CHARACTERISTICS
25
AC CHARACTERISTICS
25.1
Timing symbol definitions
26
EPROM CHARACTERISTICS
26.1
26.2
Program verification
Security bits
27
PACKAGE OUTLINES
28
SOLDERING
28.1
Plastic leaded-chip carriers/quad flat-packs
29
DEFINITIONS
30
LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
1
1.2
FEATURES
1.1
P8xC591
CAN Related Features of the 8xC591
• CAN 2.0B active controller, supporting 11-bit Standard
and 29-bit Extended indentifiers
80C51 Related Features of the 8xC591
• Full static 80C51 Central Processing Unit available as
OTP, ROM and ROMless
• 1 Mbit/s CAN bus speed with 8 MHz clock achievable
• 64 byte receive FIFO (can capture sequential Data
Frames from the same source as required by the
Transport Layer of higher protocols such as DeviceNet,
CANopen and OSEK)
• 16 Kbytes internal Program Memory expandable
externally to 64 Kbytes
• 512 bytes on-chip Data RAM expandable externally to
64 Kbytes
• 13 byte transmit buffer
• Three 16-bit timers/counters T0, T1 (standard 80C51)
and additional T2 (capture & compare)
• Enhanced PeliCAN core (from the SJA1000 stand-alone
CAN2.0B controller)
• 10-bit ADC with 6 multiplexed analog inputs with fast
8-bit ADC option
1.2.1
• Two 8-bit resolution, Pulse Width Modulated outputs
PELICAN FEATURES
• Four independently configurable Screeners
(Acceptance Filters)
• 32 I/O port pins in the standard 80C51 pinout
• I2C-bus serial I/O port with byte oriented master and
slave functions
• Each Screener has two 32-bit specifies:
– 32-bit Match and
• On-chip Watchdog Timer T3
– 32-bit Mask
• Extended temperature range: −40 to +85°C
• 32-bits of Mask per Screener allows unique Group
addressing per Screener
• Accelerated (prescaler 1:1) instruction cycle time
500 ns @ 12 MHz
• Higher layer protocols especially supported in Standard
CAN format with:
• Operation voltage range: 5 V ± 5%
• Security bits:
– Up to four, 11-bit ID Screeners that also Screen the
two (2) Data Bytes
– ROM version has 2 bits
– OTP/EPROM version has 3 bits
– i.e., Data Frames are Screened by the CAN ID and by
Data Byte content
• 32 bytes Encryption array
• Up to eight, 11-bit ID Screeners half of which also
Screen the first Data Byte
• 4 level priority interrupt, 15 interrupt sources
• Full-duplex enhanced UART with programmable
Baudrate Generator
• All Screeners are changeable “on the fly”
• Power Control Modes:
• Listen Only Mode, Self Test Mode
• Error Code Capture, Arbitration Lost Capture, readable
Error Counters
– Clock can be stopped and resumed
– Idle Mode
– Power-down Mode
• ADC active in Idle Mode
• Second DPTR register
• ALE inhibit for EMI reduction
• Programmable I/O port pins (pseudo bi-directional,
push-pull, high impedance, open drain)
• Wake-up from Power-down by external interrupts
• Software reset bit (AUXR1.5)
• Low active reset pin
• Power-on detect reset
• Once mode
2000 Jul 26
3
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
2
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
P8xC591
The temperature range includes (max. fCLK = 12 MHz):
• -40 to +85 °C version, for general applications
The P8xC591 is a single-chip 8-bit-high-performance
microcontroller, with on-chip CAN-controller, derived from
the 80C51 microcontroller family.
The P8xC591 combines the functions of the P87C554
(microcontroller) and the SJA1000 (stand-alone
CAN-controller) with the following enhanced features:
It uses the powerful 80C51 instruction set and includes the
successful PeliCAN functionality of the SJA1000 CAN
controller from Philips Semiconductors.
• Enhanced CAN receive interrupt (level sensitive)
• Extended acceptance filter
• Acceptance filter changeable “on the fly”.
The fully static core provides extended power save
provisions as the oscillator can be stopped and easily
restarted without loss of data. The improved internal clock
prescaler of 1:1 achieves a 500 ns instruction cycle time at
12 MHz external clock rate.
The main differences between P8xC591 and P87C554
are:
• CAN-controller on chip
• 6-input ADC
Figure 1 shows a Block Diagram of the P8xC591. The
microcontroller is manufactured in an advanced CMOS
process, and is designed for use in automotive and
general industrial applications. In addition to the 80C51
standard features, the device provides a number of
dedicated hardware functions for these applications.
• Low active Reset
• 44 leads.
Two versions of the P8xC591 will be offered:
• P83C591 (with ROM)
• P87C591 (with OTP)
Hereafter these versions will be referred to as P8xC591.
3
ORDERING INFORMATION
PACKAGE
TYPE NUMBER
P83C591VFA
P87C591VFA
P83C591VFB
P87C591VFB
2000 Jul 26
NAME
DESCRIPTION
VERSION
PLCC44
plastic leaded chip carrier; 44 leads
SOT187-2
QFP44
plastic quad flat package; 44 leads (lead length 1.3 mm);
body 10 × 10 × 1.75 mm
4
TEMPERATURE
RANGE (°C)
−40 to +85
SOT307-2
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
4
P8xC591
BLOCK DIAGRAM
handbook, full pagewidth
INT0 INT1
T0
T1
PSEN
RD
EA
ALE
WR
AVref+
AVSS
AN0 to 5
PWM0 PWM1
ADC
PWM
RXD
TXD
80C51 CONFIGURABLE CORE
A0 to A7
CPU
CORE
TWO 16-BIT
TIMER/EVENT
COUNTERS
(T0/T1)
16 KBYTES
PROGRAM
MEMORY
512 BYTES
UART
DATA
MEMORY
P8xC591
VDD
VSS
XTAL1
OSCILLATOR
PARALLEL
I/O PORTS
WATCHDOG
TIMER (T3)
XTAL2
RST
P0
P1
P2
P3
16-BIT TIMER/EVENT
COUNTER WITH CAPTURE
(T2)
I2C SERIAL
INTERFACE
T2
SDA
RT2
CT0x/INTx
Fig.1 Block diagram P8xC591.
2000 Jul 26
5
CMSR0 to 5
CMT0 to 1
CPU
INTERFACE
(SFRs)
CAN 2.0 B
INTERFACE
SCL
TXDC RXDC
MHI001
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
5
P8xC591
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
VDD
handbook, full pagewidth
VSS
alternative functions
XTAL1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
XTAL2
RST
EA
PSEN
ALE
AVref+
AVSS
P8xC591
(44-PIN)
PORT 0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
PORT 1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
PORT 2
AD0
AD1
AD2
AD3
AD4
AD5
AD6
AD7
RXDC
TXDC
ADC0
ADC1
ADC2
ADC3
ADC4
ADC5
and data bus
low order address
CAN
CT0I/INT2
CT1I/INT3
CT2I/INT4
CT3I/INT5
SCL
I2C
SDA
PWM0
PWM1
T2
RT2
CSMR0
CSMR1
CSMR2
CSMR3
RXD
TXD
INT0
INT1
T0
T1
WR
RD
PORT 3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
MHI002
Fig.2 Functional diagram.
2000 Jul 26
6
address bus
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
40 P0.3/AD3
41 P0.2/AD2
42 P0.1/AD1
43 P0.0/AD0
44 AVref+
1 AVSS
2 P1.0/RXDC
3 P1.1/TXDC
handbook, full pagewidth
4 P1.2/ADC0/INT2/CT0I
Pinning diagram
5 P1.3/ADC1/INT3/CT1I
6.1
PINNING INFORMATION
6 P1.4/ADC2/INT4/CT2I
6
P8xC591
CT3I/INT5/ADC3/P1.5
7
39 P0.4/AD4
SCL/ADC4/P1.6
8
38 P0.5/AD5
SDA/ADC5/P1.7
9
37 P0.6/AD6
RST 10
36 P0.7/AD7
T2/P3.0/RXD 11
35 EA/VPP
P8xC591
PWM0 12
34 PWM1
RT2/P3.1/TXD 13
33 ALE/PROG
P2.4/A12 28
P2.3/A11 27
P2.2/A10 26
P2.1/A9 25
29 P2.5/A13
P2.0/A8 24
CMSR3/P3.5/T1 17
VDD 23
30 P2.6/A14
VSS 22
CMSR2/P3.4/T0 16
XTAL1 21
31 P2.7/A15
XTAL2 20
CMSR1/P3.3/INT1 15
P3.7/RD 19
32 PSEN
P3.6/WR 18
CMSR0/P3.2/INT0 14
MHI003
Fig.3 Pinning Diagram for 44-lead LCC Package.
2000 Jul 26
7
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
P8xC591
34 P0.3/AD3
35 P0.2/AD2
36 P0.1/AD1
37 P0.0/AD0
38 AVref+
39 AVSS
40 P1.0/RXDC
41 P1.1/TXDC
42 P1.2/ADC0/INT2/CT0I
handbook, full pagewidth
43 P1.3/ADC1/INT3/CT1I
44 P1.4/ADC2/INT4/CT2I
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P1.5/ADC3/INT5/CT3I
1
33 P0.4/AD4
P1.6/ADC4/SCL
2
32 P0.5/AD5
P1.7/ADC5/SDA
3
31 P0.6/AD6
RST
4
30 P0.7/AD7
P3.0/T2/RXD
5
29 EA/VPP
PWM0
6
RT2/P3.1/TXD
7
27 ALE/PROG
CMSR0/P3.2/INT0
8
26 PSEN
CMSR1/P3.3/INT1
9
25 P2.7/A15
CMSR2/P3.4/T0 10
24 P2.6/A14
CMSR3/P3.5/T1 11
23 P2.5/A13
P2.4/A12 22
P2.3/A11 21
P2.2/A10 20
28 PWM1
P2.1/A9 19
P2.0/A8 18
VDD 17
VSS 16
XTAL1 15
XTAL2 14
P3.7/RD 13
P3.6/WR 12
P8xC591
MHI004
Fig.4 Pinning Diagram for 44-lead Plastic Quad Flat Package (QFP).
2000 Jul 26
8
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
6.2
P8xC591
Pin description
Table 1
Pin description for QFP44/PLCC44, see Note 1.
PIN
SYMBOL
RST
DESCRIPTION
QFP44
PLCC44
4
10
P3.0to P3.7
Reset: A Input to reset the P8xC591. It also provides a reset pulse as output
when Timer T3 overflows.
Port 3 (P3.0 to P3.7): 8-bit programmable I/O port lines; Port 3 can
sink/source 4 LSTTL inputs.
Port 3 pins serve alternate functions as follows:
P3.0/RXD
5
11
RXD: Serial input port for UART;
T2: T2 event input
P3.1/TXD
7
13
TXD: Serial output port for UART;
RT2: T2 timer reset signal. Rising edge triggered.
P3.2/INT0/CMSR0 8
14
INT0: External interrupt input 0;
CMSR0: Compare and Set/Reset output for Timer T2.
P3.3/INT1/
CMSR1
9
15
INT1: External interrupt input 1;
CMSR1: Compare and Set/Reset output for Timer T2.
P3.4/T0/CMSR2
10
16
T0: Timer 0 external interrupt input;
CMSR2: Compare and Set/Reset output for Timer T2.
P3.5/T1/CMSR3
11
17
T1: Timer 1 external interrupt input;
CMSR3: Compare and Set/Reset output for Timer T2.
P3.6/WR
12
18
WR: External Data Memory Write strobe;
P3.7/RD
13
19
RD: External Data Memory Read strobe.
During reset, Port 3 will be asynchronously driven resistive HIGH.
Port 3 has four modes selected on a per bit basis by writing to the P3M1 and
P3M2 registers as follows:
P3M1.x P3M2.x Mode Description
0
0
Pseudo-bidirectional (standard c51 configuration default)
0
1
Push-Pull
1
0
High impedance
1
1
Open drain
XTAL2
14
20
Crystal pin 2: output of the inverting amplifier that forms the oscillator. Left
open-circuit when an external oscillator clock is used.
XTAL1
15
21
Crystal pin 1: input to the inverting amplifier that forms the oscillator, and
input to the internal clock generator. Receives the external oscillator clock
signal when an external oscillator is used.
VSS
16
22
Ground; circuit ground potential.
VDD
17
23
Power supply; power supply pin during normal operation and power
reduction modes.
2000 Jul 26
9
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
PIN
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
QFP44
P2.0/A08 to
P2.7/A15
PLCC44
18 to 25 24 to 31 Port 2 (P2.0 to P2.7): 8-bit programmable I/O port lines;
A08 to A15: High-order address byte for external memory.
Alternate function: High-order address byte for external memory (A08-A15).
Port 2 is also used to input the upper order address during EPROM
programming and verification. A8 is on P2.0, A9 on P2.1, through A12 on
P2.4.
During reset, Port 2 will be asynchronously driven HIGH.
Port 2 has four output modes selected on a per bit basis by writing to the
P2M1 and P2M2 registers as follows:
P2M1.x P2M2.x Mode Description
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
Pseudo-bidirectional (standard c51 configuration default)
Push-Pull
High impedance
Open drain
PSEN
26
32
Program Store Enable output: read strobe to the external Program Memory
via Ports 0 and 2. Is activated twice each machine cycle during fetches from
external Program Memory. When executing out of external Program Memory
two activations of PSEN are skipped during each access to external Data
Memory. PSEN is not activated (remains HIGH) during no fetches from
external Program Memory. PSEN can sink/source 8 LSTTL inputs. It can
drive CMOS inputs without external pull-ups.
ALE/PROG
27
33
Address Latch Enable output. Latches the low byte of the address during
access of external memory in normal operation. It is activated every six
oscillator periods except during an external Data Memory access. ALE can
sink/source 8 LSTTL inputs. It can drive CMOS inputs without an external
pull-up. To prohibit the toggling of ALE pin (RFI noise reduction) the bit A0
(SFR: AUXR.0) must be set by software; see Table 4.
PROG: the programming pulse input; alternative function for the P87C591.
EA/VPP
29
35
External Access input. If, during reset, EA is held at a TTL level HIGH the
CPU executes out of the internal Program Memory. If, during reset, EA is held
at a TTL level LOW the CPU executes out of external Program Memory via
Port 0 and Port 2. EA is not allowed to float. EA is latched during reset and
don’t care after reset.
VPP: the programming supply voltage; alternative function for the P87C591.
P0.0/AD0 to
P0.7/AD7
30 to 37 36 to 43 Port 0: 8-bit open-drain bidirectional I/O port.
During reset, Port 0 is HIGH-Impedance (Tri-State).
AD7 to AD0: Multiplexed Low-order address and Data bus for external
memory. During these accesses internal pull-ups are activated. Port 0 can
sink/source up to 8 LSTTL inputs.
AVref+
38
44
Analog to Digital Conversion Reference Resistor: High-end.
AVSS
39
1
Analog ground.
2000 Jul 26
10
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
PIN
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
QFP44
P1.0 to P1.4
P1.5 to P1.7
PLCC44
40 to 44 2 to 6
1 to 3
7 to 9
Port 1: 8-bit I/O port with a user configurable output type. The operation of
Port 1 pins as inputs or outputs depends upon the port configuration selected.
Each port pin is configured independently.
Port 1 also provides various special functions as described below:
P1.0
40
2
RXDC: CAN Receiver input line.
P1.1
41
3
TXDC: CAN Transmit output line.
During reset, Port P1.0 and P1.1 will be asynchronously driven resistive
HIGH, P1.2 to P1.7 is High-Impedance (Tri-state).
P1.2 to P1.4
42 to 44 4 to 6
CT0I/INT2 / CT1I/INT3 / CT2I/INT4: T2 Capture timer inputs or External
Interrupt inputs.
ADC0 to ADC2: Alternate function: Input channels to ADC.
P1.5 to P1.7
1 to 3
7 to 9
ADC3 to ADC5: Input channels to ADC:
P1.5
1
7
CT3I/INT5: T2 Capture timer input or External Interrupt inputs.
P1.6
2
8
SCL: Serial port clock line I2C. Push-pull or pseudo bidrectional modes is not
implemented at I2C.
P1.7
3
9
SDA: Serial data clock line I2C.Push-pull or pseudo bidrectional modes is not
implemented at I2C.
Port 1 has four modes selected on a per bit basis by writing to the P1M1 and
P1M2 registers as follows:
P1M1.x P1M2.x Mode Description
0
0
Pseudo-bidirectional (standard c51 configuration default
(2))
0
1
Push-Pull (2)
1
0
High impedance Open drain
1
1
Port 1 is also used to input the lower order address byte during EPROM
programming and verification. A0 is on P1.0, etc.
PWM0
6
12
Pulse Width Modulation: Output 0.
PWM1
28
34
Pulse Width Modulation: Output 1.
Notes
1. To avoid “latch-up” effect as power-on, the voltage on any pin at any time must not be higher or lower than VDD +0.5 V
or VSS −0.5 V.
2. Not implemented for P1.6 and P1.7.
2000 Jul 26
11
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
7
P8xC591
MEMORY ORGANIZATION
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) manipulates operands in three memory spaces as follows (see Fig.5):
• 16 Kbytes internal resp. 64 Kbytes external Program Memory
• 512 bytes internal Data Memory Main-and Auxiliary RAM
• up to 64 Kbytes external Data Memory (with 256 bytes residing in the internal Auxiliary RAM).
handbook, full pagewidth
64K
64K
EXTERNAL
16384
16383
OVERLAPPED SPACE
256
INTERNAL
EXTERNAL
(EA = 1)
(EA = 0)
255
INDIRECT ONLY
SFRs
AUXILIARY
RAM
127
DIRECT AND
INDIRECT
0
(EXTRAM = 0)
0
MAIN RAM
PROGRAM MEMORY
INTERNAL DATA MEMORY
MHI005
Fig.5 Memory map and address space with EXTRAM = 0.
2000 Jul 26
12
EXTERNAL
DATA MEMORY
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
7.1
P8xC591
means they have the same address, but are physically
separate from SFR space.
Program Memory
The P8xC591 contains 16 Kbytes of on-chip Program
Memory which can be extended to 64 Kbytes with external
memories. When EA pin is held HIGH, the P8xC591
fetches instructions from internal ROM unless the address
exceeds 3FFFh. Locations 4000h to FFFFh are fetched
from external Program Memory. When the EA pin is held
LOW, all instruction fetches are from external memory.
The EA pin is latched during reset and is “don’t care” after
reset.
When an instruction accesses an internal location above
address 7FH, the CPU knows whether the access is to the
upper 128 bytes of data RAM or to SFR space by the
addressing mode used in the instruction. Instructions that
use direct addressing access SFR space.
For example:
MOV 0A0H,#data
Both, for the ROM and EPROM version of the P8xC591,
precautions are implemented to protect the device against
illegal Program Memory code reading.
accesses the SFR at location 0A0H (which is P2).
Instructions that use indirect addressing access the Upper
128 bytes of data RAM.
7.2
For example:
MOV @ R0,#data
Addressing
The P8xC591 has five methods for addressing the
Program and Data memory:
where R0 contains 0A0H, accesses the data byte at
address 0A0H, rather than P2 (whose address is 0A0H).
• Register
The AUX-RAM can be accessed by indirect addressing,
with EXTRAM bit cleared and MOVX instructions. This
part of memory is physically located on-chip, logically
occupies the first 256-bytes of external data memory.
• Direct
• Register-Indirect
• Immediate
With EXTRAM = 0, the AUX-RAM is indirectly addressed,
using the MOVX instruction in combination with any of the
registers R0, R1 of the selected bank or DPTR. An access
to AUX-RAM will not affect ports P0, P3.6 (WR#) and P3.7
(RD#). P2 SFR is output during external addressing. For
example, with EXTRAM = 0,
• Base-Register plus Index-Register-Indirect.
For more details about Addressing modes please refer to
Section 22.1 “Addressing Modes”.
7.3
Expanded Data RAM addressing
The P8xC591 has internal data memory that is mapped
into four separate segments: the lower 128 bytes of RAM,
upper 128 bytes of RAM, 128 bytes Special Function
Register (SFR), and 256 bytes Auxiliary RAM (AUX-RAM)
as shown in Figure 5.
MOV @ R0,#data
where R0 contains 0A0h, access the AUX-RAM at
address 0A0H rather than external memory. An access to
external data memory locations higher than FFH (i.e.,
0100H to FFFFH) will be performed with the MOVX DPTR
instructions in the same way as in the standard 80C51, so
with P0 and P2 as data/address bus, and P3.6 and P3.7
as write and read timing signals. Refer to Table 4.
The four segments are:
1. The Lower 128 bytes of RAM (addresses 00H to 7FH)
are directly and indirectly addressable (see Fig.6).
With EXTRAM = 1, MOVX @ Ri and MOVX @ DPTR will
be similar to the standard 80C51. MOVX @ Ri will provide
an 8-bit address multiplexed with data on Port 0 and any
output port pins can be used to output higher order
address bits. This is to provide the external paging
capability. MOVX @ DPTR will generate a 16-bit address.
Port 2 outputs the high-order eight address bits (the
contents of DPH) while Port 0 multiplexes the low-order
eight address bits (DPL) with data. MOVX @ Ri and MOVX
@ DPTR will generate either read or write signals on P3.6
(#WR) and P3.7 (#RD).
2. The Upper 128 bytes of RAM (addresses 80H to FFH)
are indirectly addressable.
3. The Special Function Registers, SFRs, (addresses
80H to FFH) are directly addressable only. All these
SFRs are described in Table 4.
4. The 256-bytes AUX-RAM (00H - FFH) are indirectly
accessed by move external instruction, MOVX, and
within the EXTRAM bit cleared, see Table 3.
The Lower 128 bytes can be accessed by either direct or
indirect addressing. The Upper 128 bytes can be
accessed by indirect addressing only. The Upper 128
bytes occupy the same address space as the SFR. That
2000 Jul 26
The stack pointer (SP) may be located anywhere in the
256 bytes RAM (lower and upper RAM) internal data
memory. The stack cannot be located in the AUX-RAM.
13
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
Table 2
P8xC591
AUX-RAM Page Register (address 8EH)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
-
LVADC
EXTRAM
AO
Table 3
Description of AUX-RAM bits
BIT
SYMBOL
7 to 3
−
2
LVADC
FUNCTION
Reserved for future use; see Note 1.
Enable A/D low voltage operation.
LVADC
0
1
1
EXTRAM
Internal/External RAM (00H - FFH) access using MOVX @ RI / @ DPTR
EXTRAM
0
1
0
AO
Operating Mode
Turns off A/D charge pump.
Turns on A/D charge pump. Required for operation below 4 V.
Operating Mode
Internal AUX-RAM (00H - FH) access using MOVX @ RI / @ DPTR.
External data memory access.
Disable/Enable ALE.
AO
0
1
Operating Mode
ALE is permitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency.
ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction.
Notes
1. User software should not write ‘1’s to reserved bits. These bits may be used in future 80C51 family products to invoke
new features. In that case, the reset or inactive of the new bit will be 0, and its active value will be ‘1’. The value read
from a reserved bit is indeterminate.
2. Reset value is ‘xxxxxx10B’.
2000 Jul 26
14
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
handbook, full pagewidth
127
7Fh
(MSB)
2Fh
2Eh
7F
7E
7D
7C
7B
7A
79
78
47
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
46
2Dh
6F
6E
6D
6C
6B
6A
69
68
2Ch
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
45
44
2Bh
5F
5E
5D
5C
5B
5A
59
58
2Ah
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
43
42
29h
4F
4E
4D
4C
4B
4A
49
48
41
28h
27h
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
3F
3E
3D
3C
3B
3A
39
38
40
39
26h
25h
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
38
2F
2E
2D
2C
2B
2A
29
28
24h
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
37
36
23h
1F
1E
1D
1C
1B
1A
19
18
22h
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
35
34
21h
20h
0F
0E
0D
0C
0B
0A
09
08
33
07
06
05
04
03
02
01
00
32
1Fh
18h
17h
10h
0Fh
08h
07h
00h
(LSB)
31
REGISTER BANK 3
24
23
REGISTER BANK 2
16
15
REGISTER BANK 1
8
7
0
REGISTER BANK 0
MHI006
Fig.6 Internal Main RAM bit addresses.
2000 Jul 26
15
P8xC591
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
7.3.1
P8xC591
SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
Table 4 Special Function Register Bit Address, Symbol or Alternate Port Function
* = SFRs are bit addressable; # = SFRs are modified from or added to the 80C51 SFRs.
NAME
DESCRIPTION
SFR
ADDR
BIT FUNCTIONS AND ADDRESSES
MSB
E7
LSB
E6
E5
E4
E3
E2
E1
E0
RESET
VALUE
ACC*
Accumulator
E0H
ADCH#
A/D converter high
C6H
ADCON#
A/D control
C5H
ADC.1
ADC.0
-
ADCI
ADCS
AADR2
AADR1
AADR0
AUXR
Auxiliary
8EH
-
-
-
-
-
LVADC
EXTRAM
A0
xxxxx110B
AUXR1
Auxiliary
A2H
ADC8
AIDL
SRST
WDE
WUPD
0
-
DPS
000000x0B
B*
B register
F0H
F7
F6
F5
F4
F3
F2
F1
F0
00H
CTCON#
Capture control
EBH
CTN3
CTP3
CTN2
CTP2
CTN1
CTP1
CTN0
CTP0
00H
CTH3#
Capture high 3
CFH
xxxxxxxxB
CTH2#
Capture high 2
CEH
xxxxxxxxB
CTH1#
Capture high 1
CDH
xxxxxxxxB
CTH0#
Capture high 0
CCH
xxxxxxxxB
CMH2#
Compare high 2
CBH
00H
CMH1#
Compare high 1
CAH
00H
CMH0#
Compare high 0
C9H
00H
CTL3#
Capture low 3
AFH
xxxxxxxxB
CTL2#
Capture low 2
AEH
xxxxxxxxB
CTL1#
Capture low 1
ADh
xxxxxxxxB
CTL0#
Capture low 0
ACH
xxxxxxxxB
CML2#
Compare low 2
ABH
00H
CML1#
Compare low 1
AAH
00H
CML0#
Compare low 0
A9H
00H
DPTR:
Data Pointer (2 bytes):
DPH
Data Pointer High
83h
00H
DPL
Data Pointer Low
82h
AE
AD
AC
AB
AA
A9
A8
EAD
ES1
ES0
ET1
EX1
ET0
EX0
Interrupt Enable 0
A8H
EA
EF
EE
ED
EC
EB
EA
E9
E8
IEN1*#
Interrupt Enable 1
E8H
ET2
ECAN
ECM1
ECM0
ECT3
ECT2
ECT1
ECT0
BF
BE
BD
BC
BB
BA
B9
B8
-
PAD
PS1
PS0
PT1
PX1
PT0
PX0
FF
FE
FD
FC
FB
FA
F9
F8
Interrupt Priority 0
B8H
xx000000b
00H
AF
IENO*#
IP0*#
00H
xxxxxxxxb
00H
00H
x0000000B
IP0H
Interrupt Priority 0 high
B7H
-
PADH
PS1H
PS0H
PT1H
PX1H
PT0H
PX0H
IP1*#
Interrupt Priority 1
F8h
PT2
PCAN
PCM1
PCM0
PCT3
PCT2
PCT1
PCT0
x0000000B
00H
IP1H
Interrupt Priority 1 high
F7H
PT2H
PCANH
PCM1H
PCM0H
PCT3H
PCT2H
PCT1H
PCT0H
00H
CANMOD
CAN Mode Register
C4H
00H
CANCON
CAN Command (w) and
Interrupt (r)
C3H
00H
CANDAT
CAN Data
C2H
00H
CANADR
CAN Address
C1H
00H
C7
CANSTA*
CAN Status (r)
CAN Interrupt Enable (w)
2000 Jul 26
C0H
C6
C5
C4
C3
C2
C1
C0
BS
ES
TS
RS
TCS
TBS
DOS
RBS
BEIE
ALIE
EPIE
WUIE
DOIE
EIE
TIE
RIE
16
00H
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
NAME
DESCRIPTION
SFR
ADDR
P8xC591
BIT FUNCTIONS AND ADDRESSES
MSB
LSB
RESET
VALUE
P1M1
Port 1 output mode 1
92H
FCH
P1M2
Port 1 output mode 2
93H
00H
P2M1
Port 2 output mode 1
94H
00H
P2M2
Port 2 output mode 2
95H
00H
P3M1
Port 3 output mode 1
9AH
00H
P3M2
Port 3 output mode 2
9BH
00H
B7
P3*
P2*
Port 3
Port 2
B0H
A0H
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
-
-
CSMR3
CSMR2
CSMR1
CSMR0
RT2
T2
RD
WR
T1
T0
INT1
INT0
TXD
RXD
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
A15
A14
A13
A12
A11
A10
A9
A8
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
FFH
FFH
ADC5
ADC4
ADC3
ADC2
ADC1
ADC0
−
−
P1*
Port 1
90H
SDA
SCL
CT3I
CT2I
CT1I
CT0I
TXDC
RXDC
87
86
85
84
83
82
81
80
P0*
Port 0
80H
AD7
AD6
AD5
AD4
AD3
AD2
AD1
AD0
FFH
PCON
Power Control
87H
SMOD1
SMOD0
POF
WLE
GF1
GF0
PD
IDL
00x00000B
PSW
Program Status Word
D0H
CY
AC
F0
RS1
RS0
OV
F1
P
00H
PWMP#
PWM Prescaler
FEH
00H
PWMP1#
PWM Register 1
FDH
00H
PWMP0#
PWM Register 0
FCH
RTE#
Reset Enable
EFH
S0ADDR
Serial 0 Slave Address
F9H
00H
S0ADEN
Slave Address Mask
B9H
00H
FFH
00H
RP35
RP34
RP33
RP32
xxxx0000B
SP
Stack Pointer
81H
07H
S0BUF
Serial 0 Data Buffer
99H
xxxxxxxxB
S0PSL
Prescaler Value UART
FAH
S0PSH
Prescaler/Value UART
FBH
SPS
9F
9E
9D
9C
9B
9A
99
S0CON*
Serial 0 Control
98H
SM0/FE
SM1
SM2
REN
TB8
RB8
TI
RI
00H
S1CON#*
Serial 1Control
D8H
CR2
ENS1
STA
ST0
SI
AA
CR1
CR0
00H
S1ADR#
Serial 1 Address
DBH
GC
00H
S1DAT#
Serial 1 Data
DAH
S1STA#
Serial 1 Status
D9H
0
F8H
STE#
Set Enable
EEH
TH1
Timer High 1
8DH
00H
TH0
Timer High 0
8CH
00H
TL1
Timer Low 1
8BH
00H
TL0
Timer Low 0
8AH
00H
TMH2#
Timer High 2
EDH
00H
TML2#
Timer Low 2
ECH
00H
2000 Jul 26
00H
Prescaler higher nibble
SLAVE ADDRESS
0xxx0000B
98
00H
SC4
SC3
SC2
SC1
DF
DE
DD
DC
17
SC0
0
0
DB
DA
D9
D8
SP35
SP34
SP33
SP32
xxxx0000B
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
NAME
TMOD
DESCRIPTION
Timer Mode
SFR
ADDR
89H
P8xC591
BIT FUNCTIONS AND ADDRESSES
MSB
LSB
GATE
C/T
M1
M0
GATE
C/T
M1
M0
8F
8E
8D
8C
8B
8A
89
88
RESET
VALUE
00H
TCON*
Timer Control
88H
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
IE0
IT0
00H
TM2CON#
Timer 2 Control
EAH
T2IS1
T2IS0
T2ER
T2B0
T2P1
T2P0
T2MS1
T2MS0
00H
CF
CE
CD
CC
CB
CA
C9
C8
T2OV
CMI2/
CAN
CMI1
CMI0
CTI3
CTI2
CTI1
CTI0
TM2IR#*
Timer 2/CAN Int Flag Reg
C8H
T3#
Timer 3
FFH
2000 Jul 26
00H
00H
18
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
7.4
Dual DPTR
P8xC591
INC DPTRIncrements the data pointer by 1
The dual DPTR structure (see Figure 7) is a way by which
the chip will specify the address of an external data
memory location. There are two 16-bit DPTR registers that
address the external memory, and a single bit called DPS
= AUXR1/bit0 that allows the program code to switch
between them.
MCV DPTR, #data 16
constant
Loads the DPTR with a 16-bit
MOV A, @ A+DPTR
Move code byte relative to
DPTR to ACC
MOVX A, @ DPTR
Move external RAM (16-bit
address) to ACC
The DPS bit status should be saved by software when
switching between DPTR0 and DPTR1.
MOVX @ DPTR, A
Move ACC to external RAM
(16-bit address)
Note that bit 2 is not writable and is always read as a zero.
This allows the DPS bit to be quickly toggled simply by
executing an INC AUXR1 instruction without affecting the
other bits.
JMP @ A + DPTR
Jump indirect relative to
DPTR
The data pointer can be accessed on a byte-by-byte basis
by specifying the low or high byte in an instruction which
accesses the SFRs. See application note AN458 for more
details.
DPTR Instructions
The instructions that refer to DPTR refer to the data pointer
that is currently selected using the AUXR1/bit 0 register.
The six instructions that use the DPTR are as follows:
handbook, full pagewidth
DPS
BT0
AUXR1
DPTR1
DPTR0
DPH
(83H)
DPL
(82H)
EXTERNAL
DATA
MEMORY
Fig.7 Dual DPTR:
2000 Jul 26
19
MHI007
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
7.4.1
P8xC591
AUXR1 PAGE REGISTER
Table 5
AUXR1 Page Register (address A2H)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ADC8
AIDL
SRST
WDE
WUPD
0
−
DSP
Table 6 Description of AUXR1 of bits
User software should not write 1s to reserved bits. Theses bits may be used in future 8051 family products to invoke
new features. In that case, the reset or inactive value of the new bit will be logic 0, and its active value will be logic 1. The
value read from a reserved bit is indeterminate. The reset value of AUXR1 is (000000xB).
BIT
SYMBOL
7
ADC8
DESCRIPTION
ADC Mode Switch. Switches between 10-bit conversion and 8-bit conversion
ADC8
0
1
Operating Mode
10-bit conversion (50 machine cycles)
8-bit conversion (24 machine cycles)
6
AIDL
Enables the ADC during Idle mode.
5
SRST
Software Reset.
4
WDE
Watchdog Timer Enable Flag.
3
WUPD
2
0
Reserved.
1
−
Reserved.
0
DSP
Enable Wake-up from Power-down.
Data Pointer Switch. Switches between DPRT0 and DPTR1.
ADC8
0
1
2000 Jul 26
Operating Mode
DPTR0
DPTR1
20
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
8
A pulse of such short duration is necessary in order to
recover from a processor or system fault as fast as
possible.
I/O FACILITIES
The P8xC591 consists of 32 I/O Port lines with partly
multiple functions. The I/O’s are held HIGH during reset
(asynchronous, before oscillator is running).
Note that the short reset pulse from Timer T3 cannot
discharge the power-on reset capacitor (see Figure 8).
Consequently, when the watchdog timer is also used to set
external devices, this capacitor arrangement should not be
connected to the RST pin, and a different circuit should be
used to perform the power-on reset operation. A timer T3
overflow, if enabled, will force a reset condition to the
P8xC591 by an internal connection, whether the output
RST is pulled-up HIGH or not.
Ports 0, 1, 2 and 3 perform the following alternative
functions:
Port 0 is the same as in the 80C51. After reset the Port
Special Function Register is set to ‘FFh’ as known
from other 80C51 derivatives. Port 0 also provides
the multiplexed low-order address and data bus
used for expanding the P8xC591 with standard
memories and peripherals.
A reset may be performed in software by setting the
software reset bit, SRST (AUXR1.5).
Port 1 supports several alternative functionalities. For this
reason it has different I/O stages. Note, port P1.0
and P1.1 are Driven-High and P1.2 to P1.7 are
High-Impedance (Tri-state) after reset.
This device also has a Power-on Detect Reset circuit as
VCC transitions from VCC past VRST.
Port 2 is the same as in the 80C51. After reset the Port
Special Function Register is set to ‘FFh’ as known
from other 80C51 derivatives. Port 2 also provides
the high-order address bus when the P8xC591 is
expanded with external Program Memory and/or
external Data Memory.
handbook, halfpage
VDD
SCHMITT
TRIGGER
on-chip
resistor
Port 3 is the same as in the 80C51. During reset the Port
3 Special Function Register is set to ‘FFh’ as known
from other 80C51 derivatives.
9
P8xC591
RESET
CIRCUITRY
RST
overflow
timer T3
OSCILLATOR CHARACTERISTICS
MHI008
XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output, respectively,
of an inverting amplifier. The pins can be configured for
use as an on-chip oscillator, as shown in the logic symbol.
Fig.8 On-Chip Reset Configuration.
To drive the device from an external clock source, XTAL1
should be driven while XTAL2 is left unconnected. There
are no requirements on the duty cycle of the external clock
signal. However, minimum and maximum high and low
times specified in the data sheet must be observed.
handbook, halfpage
VDD
10 RESET
RRST
A reset is accomplished by holding the RST pin LOW for
at least two machine cycles (12 oscillator periods), while
the oscillator is running. To insure a good power-on reset,
the RST pin must be low long enough to allow the oscillator
time to start up (normally a few milliseconds) plus two
machine cycles.
RST
2.2 µF
MHI009
The RST line can also be pulled LOW internally by a
pull-down transistor activated by the watchdog timer T3.
The length of the output pulse from T3 is 3 machine cycles.
2000 Jul 26
P8xC591
Fig.9 Power-on Reset.
21
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
11 LOW POWER MODES
11.3
11.1
To save even more power, a Power-down mode (see
Table 7) can be invoked by software. In this mode, the
oscillator is stopped and the instruction that invoked Power
Down is the last instruction executed. The on-chip RAM
and Special Function Registers retain their values down to
2.0 V and care must be taken to return VCC to the minimum
specified operating voltages before the Power-down Mode
is terminated.
Stop Clock Mode
The static design enables the clock speed to be reduced
down to 0 MHz (stopped). When the oscillator is stopped,
the RAM and Special Function Registers retain their
values. This mode allows step-by-step utilization and
permits reduced system power consumption by lowering
the clock frequency down to any value. For lowest power
consumption the Power-down mode is suggested.
11.2
A hardware reset or external interrupt can be used to exit
from Power-down. The Wake-up from Power-down bit,
WUPD (AUXR1.3) must be set in order for an interrupt to
cause a Wake-up from Power-down. Reset redefines all
the SFRs but does not change the on-chip RAM. A
Wake-up allows both the SFRs and the on-chip RAM to
retain their values.
Idle Mode
In the Idle mode (see Table 7), the CPU puts itself to sleep
while all of the on-chip peripherals stay active. The
instruction to invoke the idle mode is the last instruction
executed in the normal operating mode before the Idle
mode is activated. The CPU contents, the on-chip RAM,
and all of the special function registers remain intact during
this mode. The Idle mode can be terminated either by any
enabled interrupt (at which time the process is picked up
at the interrupt service routine and continued), or by a
hardware reset which starts the processor in the same
manner as a Power-on reset.
Table 7
Power-down Mode
To properly terminate Power-down the reset or external
interrupt should not be executed before VCC is restored to
its normal operating level and must be held active long
enough for the oscillator to restart and stabilize (normally
less than 10 ms).
Status of external pins during Idle and Power-down modes
MODE
Idle
Power-down
MEMORY
PWM0/
PWM1
ALE
PSEN
internal
1
1
port data
port data
port data
port data
high
external
1
1
float
port data
address
port data
high
PORT 0
PORT 1
PORT 2
PORT 3
internal
0
0
port data
port data
port data
port data
high
external
0
0
float
port data
port data
port data
high
With an external interrupt, INT0 and INT1 must be enabled and configured as level-sensitive. Holding the pin low restarts
the oscillator but bringing the pin back high completes the exit. Once the interrupt is serviced, the next instruction to be
executed after RETI will be the one following the instruction that put the device into Power-down.
2000 Jul 26
22
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
11.3.1
POWER OFF FLAG
11.3.3
The Power Off Flag (POF) is set by on-chip circuitry when
the VCC level on the P8xC591 rises from 0 to 5 V. The POF
bit can be set or cleared by software allowing a user to
determine if the reset is the result of a power-on or warm
after Power-down. The VCC level must remain above 3 V
for the POF to remain unaffected by the VCC level.
ONCETM MODE
The ONCETM (“On-Circuit Emulation”) Mode facilities
testing and debugging of systems without the device
having to be removed from the circuit. The ONCE Mode is
invoked by:
1. Pull ALE low while the device is in reset an PSEN is
high,
2. Hold ALE low as RST is deactivated.
DESIGN CONSIDERATION
11.3.2
P8xC591
While the device is in ONCE Mode, the Port 0 pins go into
a float state, and the other port pins and ALE and PSEN
are weakly pulled high. The oscillator circuit remains
active. While the device is in this mode, an emulator or test
CPU can be used to drive the circuit. Normal operation is
restored when a normal reset is applied.
• When the Idle mode is terminated by a hardware reset,
the device normally resumes program execution, from
where it left off, up to two machine cycles before the
internal reset algorithm takes control. On-chip hardware
inhibits access to internal RAM in this event, but access
to the port pins is not inhibited. To eliminate the
possibility of an unexpected write when Idle is
terminated by reset, the instruction following the one
that invokes Idle should not be one that writes to a port
pin or to external memory.
11.3.4
REDUCED EMI MODE
The ALE-Off bit, AO (AUXR.0) can be set to 0 disable the
ALE output. It will automatically become active when
required for external memory accesses and resume to the
OFF state after completing the external memory access.
POWER CONTROL REGISTER (PCON)
11.3.5
Table 8
Power Control Register (address 87H)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SMOD1
SMOD0
POF
WLE
GF1
GF0
PD
IDL
Table 9 Description of PCON bits
If logic 1s are written to PD and IDL at the same time, PD takes precedence. The reset value of PCON is (0XX00000).
BIT
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
7
SMOD1
Double Baud rate. When set to logic 1 the baud rate is doubled when the serial port
SIO0 is being used in Modes 1, 2 and 3.
6
SMOD0
Double Baud rate. Selects SM0/FE for SCON.7 bit.
5
POF
Power Off flag.
4
WLE
Watchdog Load Enable. This flag must be set by software prior to loading T3
(Watchdog Timer). It is cleared when T3 is loaded.
3
GF1
General purpose flag bits.
2
GF0
1
PD
Power-down mode select. Setting this bit activates Power-down mode. It can only be
set if the Watchdog timer enable bit ‘WDE’ is set to logic 0.
0
IDL
Idle mode select. Setting this bit activates the Idle mode.
2000 Jul 26
23
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
12.1.2
12 CAN, CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK
Controller Area Network is the definition of a high
performance communication protocol for serial data
communication. The CAN controller circuitry is designed to
provide a full implementation of the CAN-Protocol
according to the CAN Specification Version 2.0 B.
Microcontroller including this on-chip CAN controller are
used to build powerful local networks, both for general
industrial and automotive environments. The result is a
strongly reduced wiring harness and enhanced diagnostic
and supervisory capabilities.
P8xC591
P8XC591 PELICAN FEATURES (ADDITIONAL TO
CAN 2.0B)
• Supports 11-bit identifier as well as 29-bit identifier
• Bit rates up to 1 Mbit/s
• Error Counters with read / write access
• Programmable Error Warning Limit
• Error Code Capture with detailed bit position
• Arbitration Lost Interrupt with detailed bit position
• Single Shot Transmission (no re-transmission)
• Listen Only Mode (no acknowledge, no active error
flags)
The P8xC591 includes the same functions known from the
SJA1000 stand-alone CAN controller from Philips
Semiconductors with the following improvements:
• Hot Plugging support (software driven bit rate detection)
• Enhanced receive interrupt
• Extended receive buffer (FIFO, 64 byte)
• Enhanced acceptance filter
• Receive Buffer level sensitive Receive Interrupt
– 8 filter for standard frame formats
• High Priority Acceptance Filters for Receive Interrupt
– 4 filter for extended formats
• Acceptance Filters with “change on the fly” feature
– “change on the fly” feature.
• Reception of “own” messages (Self Reception Request)
12.1
12.1.1
• Programmable CAN output driver configuration.
Features of the PeliCAN controller
GENERAL CAN FEATURES
• CAN 2.0B protocol compatibility
• Multi-master architecture
• Bus access priority determined by the message
identifier (11 bit or 29 bit)
• Non destructive bit-wise arbitration
• Guaranteed latency time for high priority messages
• Programmable transfer rate (up to 1Mbit/s)
• Multicast and broadcast message facility
• Data length from 0 up to 8 bytes
• Powerful error handling capability
• Non-return-to-zero (NRZ) coding/decoding with
bit-stuffing
• Suitable for use in a wide range of networks including
SAE’s network classes A, B, C.
2000 Jul 26
24
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
12.2
P8xC591
PeliCAN structure
A 80C51 CPU Interface connects the PeliCAN to the internal bus of the P8xC591 microcontroller. Via five Special
Function Registers CANADR, CANDAT, CANMOD, CANSTA and CANCON the CPU has access to the PeliCAN. The
SFR will described later on.
handbook, full pagewidth control
INTERFACE
MANAGEMENT
LOGIC
address/data
MESSAGE BUFFER
PeliCAN Core Block
TRANSMIT
BUFFER
ERROR
MANAGEMENT
LOGIC
RECEIVE
FIFO
BIT
TIMING
LOGIC
TXDC
TX
TRANSMIT
MANAGEMENT
LOGIC
BIT
STREAM
PROCESSOR
ACCEPTANCE
FILTER
MHI010
Fig.10 Block Diagram of the PeliCAN.
2000 Jul 26
25
RXDC
RX
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
12.2.1
12.2.7
INTERFACE MANAGEMENT LOGIC (IML)
The Interface Management Logic interprets commands
from the CPU, controls addressing of the CAN Registers
and provides interrupts and status information to the CPU.
Additionally it drives the universal interface of the PeliCAN.
12.2.2
TRANSMIT BUFFER (TXB)
12.2.8
RECEIVE BUFFER (RXB, RXFIFO)
ACCEPTANCE FILTER (ACF)
The Acceptance Filter compares the received identifier
with the Acceptance Filter Table contents and decides
whether this message should be accepted or not. In case
of a positive acceptance test, the complete message is
stored in the RXFIFO. The ACF contains 4 independent
Acceptance Filter banks supporting extended and
standard CAN frames with “change on the fly” feature.
12.2.5
BIT STREAM PROCESSOR (BSP)
The Bit Stream Processor is a sequencer, controlling the
data stream between the Transmit Buffer, RXFIFO and the
CAN-Bus. It also performs the error detection, arbitration,
stuffing and error handling on the CAN bus.
12.2.6
ERROR MANAGEMENT LOGIC (EML)
The EML is responsible for the error confinement of the
transfer-layer modules. It gets error announcements from
the BSP and then informs the BSP and IML about error
statistics.
2000 Jul 26
TRANSMIT MANAGEMENT LOGIC (TML)
The Transmit Management Logic provides the driver
signals for the push-pull CAN TX transistor stage.
Depending on the programmable output driver
configuration the external transistors are switched on or
off. Additionally a short circuit protection and the
asynchronous float on hardware reset is performed here.
The Receive Buffer is an interface between the
Acceptance Filter and the CPU and stores the received
and accepted messages from the CAN Bus line. The
Receive Buffer (RXB) represents a CPU-accessible
13-byte-window of the Receive FIFO (RXFIFO), which has
a total length of 64 bytes. With the help of this FIFO the
CPU is able to process one message while other
messages are being received.
12.2.4
BIT TIMING LOGIC (BTL)
The Bit Timing Logic monitors the serial CAN bus line and
handles the Bus line-related bit timing. It synchronizes to
the bit stream on the CAN Bus on a “recessive” to
“dominant” Bus line transition at the beginning of a
message (hard synchronization) and resynchronizes on
further transitions during the reception of a message (soft
synchronization). The BTL also provides programmable
time segments to compensate for the propagation delay
times and phase shifts (e.g., due to oscillator drifts) and to
define the sampling time and the number of samples to be
taken within a bit time.
The Transmit Buffer is an interface between the CPU and
the Bit Stream Processor (BSP) and is able to store a
complete CAN message which should be transmitted over
the CAN network. The buffer is 13 bytes long, written by
the CPU and read out by the BSP or the CPU itself.
12.2.3
P8xC591
26
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
12.3
Communication between PeliCAN controller
and CPU
included allowing a fast register access with address
autoincrement mode. This reduces the needed number of
Special Function Registers to an amount of 5.
A 80C51 CPU Interface connects the PeliCAN to the
internal bus of an 80C51 microcontroller. Special Function
Registers, allows a smart and fast access to the PeliCAN
registers and RAM area. Because of the big address range
to be supported, an indirect pointer based addressing is
handbook, full pagewidth
P8xC591
• Five Special Function Registers (SFRs)
• Register address generation in auto-increment mode
• Access to the complete address range of the PeliCAN
INTERFACE
CAN CONTROLLER
CANADR
CANDAT
read
SFRs
write
80C51
CORE
CANCON
data
PeliCAN
CANSTA
address
CANMOD
MHI020
Fig.11 CPU to CAN Interfacing.
12.3.1
The PeliCAN registers may be accessed in two different
ways. The most important registers, which should support
software polling or are controlling major CAN functions are
accessible directly as separate SFRs. Other parts of the
PeliCAN Block are accessible using an indirect pointer
mechanism. In order to achieve a high data throughput
even if the indirect access is used, an address
auto-increment feature is included here.
SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
Via the five Special Function Registers CANADR,
CANDAT, CANMOD, CANSTA and CANCON the CPU
has access to the PeliCAN Block. Note that CANCON and
CANSTA have different registers mapped depending on
the direction of the access.
2000 Jul 26
27
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
Table 10 CAN Special Function Registers
PELICAN
REG.
ACCESS
CANADR
Read/
Write
-
CANA7 CANA6 CANA5 CANA4 CANA3 CANA2 CANA1 CANA0
C1
CANDAT
Read/
Write
-
CAND7 CAND6 CAND5 CAND4 CAND3 CAND2 CAND1 CAND0
C2
CANMOD
Read/
Write
Mode
CANSTA
Read
Status
BS
ES
TS
Write
Interrupt
Enable
BEIE
ALIE
EPIE
Read
Interrupt
BEI
ALI
EPI
Write
Command
-
-
-
CANCON
12.3.2
BIT7
TM
BIT6
RIPM
BIT5
RPM
BIT2
BIT1
BIT0
−
STM
LOM
RM
C4
RS
TCS
TBS
DOS
RBS
C0
WUIE
DOIE
EIE
TIE
RIE
WUI
DOI
EI
TI
RI
SRR
CDO
RRB
AT
TR
SM
C3
Note that any access to this register automatically
increments CANADR if the current address within
CANADR is above or equal to 32 decimal.
12.3.4
With the implemented auto address increment mode a fast
stack-like reading and writing of CAN controller internal
registers is provided. If the currently defined address
within CANADR is above or equal to 32 decimal, the
content of CANADR is incremented automatically after any
read or write access to CANDAT. For instance, loading a
message into the Transmit Buffer can be done by writing
the first Transmit Buffer Address (112 decimal) into
CANADR and then moving byte by byte of the message to
CANDAT. Incrementing CANADR beyond FFh resets
CANADR to 00h.
CANMOD
With a read or write access to CANMOD the Mode
Register of the PeliCAN is accessed directly. The Mode
register is located at address 00h within the PeliCAN
Block.
12.3.5
CANSTA
The CANSTA SFR provides a direct access to the Status
Register of the PeliCAN as well as to the Interrupt Enable
Register, depending on the direction of the access.
Reading CANSTA is an access to the Status Register of
the PeliCAN (address 2). When writing to CANSTA the
Interrupt Enable Register is accessed (address 4).
In case CANADR is below 32 decimal, there is no
automatic address incrementation performed. CANADR
keeps its value even if CANDAT is accessed for reading or
writing. This is to allow polling of registers in the lower
address space of the PeliCAN controller.
12.3.6
CANCON
The CANCON SFR provides a direct access to the
Interrupt Register of the PeliCAN as well as to the
Command register, depending on the direction of the
access.
CANDAT REGISTER
CANDAT is implemented as a read/write register.
The Special Function Register CANDAT appears as a port
to the CAN controller’s internal register (memory location)
being selected by CANADR. Reading or writing CANDAT
is effectively an access to that PeliCAN internal register,
2000 Jul 26
BIT3
which is selected by CANADR. CANDAT is implemented
as a read/write register.
CANADR
This read/write register defines the address of one of the
PeliCAN internal registers to be accessed via CANDAT. It
could be interpreted as a pointer to the PeliCAN.
The read and write access to the PeliCAN Block register is
performed using the CANDAT register.
12.3.3
BIT4
SFR
ADDR
SFR
When reading CANCON the Interrupt Register of the
PeliCAN is accessed (address 3), while writing to
CANCON means an access to the Command Register
(address 1).
28
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
12.4
P8xC591
Register and Message Buffer description
12.4.1
ADDRESS LAYOUT
The PeliCAN internal registers appear to the host CPU as on-chip memory mapped peripheral registers. Because the
PeliCAN can operate in different modes (Operating / Reset, see also Mode Register), one have to distinguish between
different internal address definitions. Starting from CAN Address 128 the complete internal FIFO RAM is mapped to the
CPU Interface.
Table 11 Address allocation
OPERATING MODE
CAN
ADDR.
READ
RESET MODE
WRITE
READ
WRITE
0
Mode
Mode
Mode
Mode
1
(00)
Command
(00)
Command
2
Status
-
Status
-
3
Interrupt
-
Interrupt
-
4
Interrupt Enable
Interrupt Enable
Interrupt Enable
Interrupt Enable
5
Rx Interrupt Level
Rx Interrupt Level
Rx Interrupt Level
Rx Interrupt Level
6
Bus Timing 0
-
Bus Timing 0
Bus Timing 0
7
Bus Timing 1
-
Bus Timing 1
Bus Timing 1
8
See Note 2
-
-
-
9
Rx Message Counter
-
Rx Message Counter
-
10
Rx Buffer Start Address
-
Rx Buffer Start Address
-
11
Arbitration Lost Capture
-
Arbitration Lost Capture
-
12
Error Code Capture
-
Error Code Capture
-
13
Error Warning Limit
Error Warning Limit
Error Warning Limit
Error Warning Limit
14
Rx Error Counter
-
Rx Error Counter
Rx Error Counter
15
TX Error Counter
-
TX Error Counter
TX Error Counter
reserved (00)
-
reserved (00)
-
29
ACF Mode
-
ACF Mode
ACF Mode
30
ACF Enable
ACF Enable
ACF Enable
ACF Enable
31
ACF Priority
ACF Priority
ACF Priority
ACF Priority
16 to 28
32
Acceptance Code 0
Acceptance Code 0
Acceptance Code 0
Acceptance Code 0
33
Acceptance Code 1
Acceptance Code 1
Acceptance Code 1
Acceptance Code 1
Acceptance Code 2
Acceptance Code 2
Acceptance Code 2
Acceptance Code 2
Acceptance Code 3
Acceptance Code 3
Acceptance Code 3
Acceptance Code 3
36
B
A
N
K
Acceptance Mask 0
Acceptance Mask 0
Acceptance Mask 0
Acceptance Mask 0
37
1
34
35
Acceptance Mask 1
Acceptance Mask 1
Acceptance Mask 1
Acceptance Mask 1
38
Acceptance Mask 2
Acceptance Mask 2
Acceptance Mask 2
Acceptance Mask 2
39
Acceptance Mask 3
Acceptance Mask 3
Acceptance Mask 3
Acceptance Mask 3
40
Acceptance Code 0
Acceptance Code 0
Acceptance Code 0
Acceptance Code 0
41
Acceptance Code 1
Acceptance Code 1
Acceptance Code 1
Acceptance Code 1
Acceptance Code 2
Acceptance Code 2
Acceptance Code 2
Acceptance Code 2
Acceptance Code 3
Acceptance Code 3
Acceptance Code 3
Acceptance Code 3
44
B
A
N
K
Acceptance Mask 0
Acceptance Mask 0
Acceptance Mask 0
Acceptance Mask 0
45
2
Acceptance Mask 1
Acceptance Mask 1
Acceptance Mask 1
Acceptance Mask 1
46
Acceptance Mask 2
Acceptance Mask 2
Acceptance Mask 2
Acceptance Mask 2
47
Acceptance Mask 3
Acceptance Mask 3
Acceptance Mask 3
Acceptance Mask 3
42
43
2000 Jul 26
29
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
OPERATING MODE
CAN
ADDR.
READ
RESET MODE
WRITE
READ
WRITE
48
Acceptance Code 0
Acceptance Code 0
Acceptance Code 0
Acceptance Code 0
49
Acceptance Code 1
Acceptance Code 1
Acceptance Code 1
Acceptance Code 1
Acceptance Code 2
Acceptance Code 2
Acceptance Code 2
Acceptance Code 2
Acceptance Code 3
Acceptance Code 3
Acceptance Code 3
Acceptance Code 3
52
B
A
N
K
Acceptance Mask 0
Acceptance Mask 0
Acceptance Mask 0
Acceptance Mask 0
53
3
Acceptance Mask 1
Acceptance Mask 1
Acceptance Mask 1
Acceptance Mask 1
54
Acceptance Mask 2
Acceptance Mask 2
Acceptance Mask 2
Acceptance Mask 2
55
Acceptance Mask 3
Acceptance Mask 3
Acceptance Mask 3
Acceptance Mask 3
56
Acceptance Code 0
Acceptance Code 0
Acceptance Code 0
Acceptance Code 0
57
Acceptance Code 1
Acceptance Code 1
Acceptance Code 1
Acceptance Code 1
Acceptance Code 2
Acceptance Code 2
Acceptance Code 2
Acceptance Code 2
Acceptance Code 3
Acceptance Code 3
Acceptance Code 3
Acceptance Code 3
60
B
A
N
K
Acceptance Mask 0
Acceptance Mask 0
Acceptance Mask 0
Acceptance Mask 0
61
4
Acceptance Mask 1
Acceptance Mask 1
Acceptance Mask 1
Acceptance Mask 1
Acceptance Mask 2
Acceptance Mask 2
Acceptance Mask 2
Acceptance Mask 2
Acceptance Mask 3
Acceptance Mask 3
Acceptance Mask 3
Acceptance Mask 3
-
reserved (00)
50
51
58
59
62
63
64 to 95
reserved (00)
(SFF)
(EFF)
(SFF)
(EFF)
(SFF)
(EFF)
96
Rx Frame Info
Rx Frame Info
-
Rx Frame Info
Rx Frame Info
Rx Frame Info
Rx Frame Info
97
Rx Identifier 1
Rx Identifier 1
-
Rx Identifier 1
Rx Identifier 1
Rx Identifier 1
Rx Identifier 1
98
Rx Identifier 2
Rx Identifier 2
-
Rx Identifier 2
Rx Identifier 2
Rx Identifier 2
Rx Identifier 2
99
Rx Data 1
Rx Identifier 3
-
Rx Data 1
Rx Identifier 3
Rx Data 1
Rx Identifier 3
100
Rx Data 2
Rx Identifier 4
-
Rx Data 2
Rx Identifier 4
Rx Data 2
Rx Identifier 4
101
Rx Data 3
Rx Data 1
-
Rx Data 3
Rx Data 1
Rx Data 3
Rx Data 1
102
Rx Data 4
Rx Data 2
-
Rx Data 4
Rx Data 2
Rx Data 4
Rx Data 2
103
Rx Data 5
Rx Data 3
-
Rx Data 5
Rx Data 3
Rx Data 5
Rx Data 3
104
Rx Data 6
Rx Data 4
-
Rx Data 6
Rx Data 4
Rx Data 6
Rx Data 4
105
Rx Data 7
Rx Data 5
-
Rx Data 7
Rx Data 5
Rx Data 7
Rx Data 5
106
Rx Data 8
Rx Data 6
-
Rx Data 8
Rx Data 6
Rx Data 8
Rx Data 6
107
(FIFO RAM) (1)
(FIFO RAM) (1)
Rx Data 7
-
Rx Data 7
-
(FIFO RAM) (1)
(FIFO RAM) (1)
Rx Data 7
Rx Data 8
(FIFO RAM) (1)
(FIFO RAM) (1)
-
reserved (00)
108
Rx Data 8
Rx Data 8
109 to 111
reserved (00)
112
Tx Frame Info
Tx Frame Info
Tx Frame Info
Tx Frame Info
Tx Frame Info
Tx Frame Info
Tx Frame Info
Tx Frame Info
113
Tx Identifier 1
Tx Identifier 1
Tx Identifier 1
Tx Identifier 1
Tx Identifier 1
Tx Identifier 1
Tx Identifier 1
Tx Identifier 1
114
Tx Identifier 2
Tx Identifier 2
Tx Identifier 2
Tx Identifier 2
Tx Identifier 2
Tx Identifier 2
Tx Identifier 2
Tx Identifier 2
(SFF)
2000 Jul 26
(EFF)
(SFF)
30
(EFF)
(SFF)
(EFF)
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
OPERATING MODE
CAN
ADDR.
READ
RESET MODE
WRITE
READ
WRITE
115
Tx Data 1
Tx Identifier 3
Tx Data 1
Tx Identifier 3
Tx Data 1
Tx Identifier 3
Tx Data 1
116
Tx Data 2
Tx Identifier 4
Tx Data 2
Tx Identifier 4
Tx Data 2
Tx Identifier 4
Tx Data 2
Tx Identifier 4
117
Tx Data 3
Tx Data 1
Tx Data 3
Tx Data 1
Tx Data 3
Tx Data 1
Tx Data 3
Tx Data 1
118
Tx Data 4
Tx Data 2
Tx Data 4
Tx Data 2
Tx Data 4
Tx Data 2
Tx Data 4
Tx Data 2
119
Tx Data 5
Tx Data 3
Tx Data 5
Tx Data 3
Tx Data 5
Tx Data 3
Tx Data 5
Tx Data 3
120
Tx Data 6
Tx Data 4
Tx Data 6
Tx Data 4
Tx Data 6
Tx Data 4
Tx Data 6
Tx Data 4
121
Tx Data 7
Tx Data 5
Tx Data 7
Tx Data 5
Tx Data 7
Tx Data 5
Tx Data 7
Tx Data 5
122
Tx Data 8
Tx Data 6
Tx Data 8
Tx Data 6
Tx Data 8
Tx Data 6
Tx Data 8
Tx Data 6
123
(TXB Memory)
Tx Data 7
(TXB Memory)
Tx Data 7
(TXB Memory)
Tx Data 7
(TXB Memory)
Tx Data 7
(TXB Memory)
Tx Data 8
(TXB Memory)
Tx Data 8
(TXB Memory)
Tx Data 8
(TXB Memory)
Tx Data 8
124
125 to 127
128
...
191
Tx Identifier 3
General purpose RAM
General purpose RAM
General purpose RAM
General purpose RAM
Internal RAM Address 0 (FIFO)
…
Internal RAM Address 63 (FIFO)
-
Internal RAM Address 0 (FIFO)
…
Internal RAM Address 63 (FIFO)
Internal RAM Address 0 (FIFO)
…
Internal RAM Address 63 (FIFO)
Notes
1. These address locations reflect the FIFO RAM space behind the current message. The contents are randomly after
power-up and contain the beginning of the next message that is received after the current one. If no further message
is received, parts of old messages may occur here.
2. Register at address 8 performs NO system function; reserved for future use.
2000 Jul 26
31
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
12.5
P8xC591
CAN Registers
12.5.1
RESET VALUES
Detection of a set Reset Mode bit results in aborting the current transmission / reception of a message and entering the
Reset Mode. On the ‘1’-to-’0’ transition of the Reset Mode bit, the CAN controller returns to the mode defined within the
Mode Register.
Table 12 Reset mode configuration
“X” means that the values of these registers or bits are not influenced.
ADDR.
REGISTER
BIT
SYMBOL
RESET BY
HARDWARE
NAME
SETTING MOD.0 BY
SOFTWARE OR
DUE TO BUS-OFF
0
Mode
MOD.7
MOD.6
MOD.5
MOD.4
MOD.3
MOD.2
MOD.1
MOD.0
TM
RPM
SM
STM
LOM
RM
Test Mode
Receive Polarity Mode
Sleep Mode
Self Test Mode
Listen Only Mode
Reset Mode
0
X
0
0
0
0
0
1
(disabled)
(reserved)
(active low)
(wake-up)
(reserved)
(normal)
(normal)
(present)
0
X
0
0
0
X
X
1
(disabled)
(reserved)
(active high)
(wake-up)
(reserved)
no change
no change
(present)
1
Command
CMR.7-5
CMR.4
CMR.3
CMR.2
CMR.1
CMR.0
SRR
CDO
RRB
AT
TR
Self Reception Request
Clear Data Overrun
Release Receive Buffer
Abort Transmission
Transmission Request
0
0
0
0
0
0
(reserved)
(absent)
(no action)
(no action)
(absent)
(absent)
0
0
0
0
0
0
(reserved)
(absent)
(no action)
(no action)
(absent)
(absent)
2
Status
SR.7
SR.6
SR.5
SR.4
SR.3
SR.2
SR.1
SR.0
BS
ES
TS
RS
TCS
TBS
DOS
RBS
Bus Status
Error Status
Transmit Status
Receive Status
Transmission Complete Status
Transmit Buffer Status
Data Overrun Status
Receive Buffer Status
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
(Bus-On)
(ok)
(wait idle)
(wait idle)
(complete)
(released)
(absent)
(empty)
0
0
0
0
0
X
0
0
3
Interrupt
IR.7
IR.6
IR.5
IR.4
IR.3
IR.2
IR.1
IR.0
BEI
ALI
EPI
WUI
DOI
EI
TI
RI
Bus Error Interrupt
Arbitration Lost Interrupt
Error Passive Interrupt
Wake-Up Interrupt
Data Overrun Interrupt
Error Warning Interrupt
Transmit Interrupt
Receive Interrupt
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(reset)
(reset)
(reset)
(reset)
(reset)
(reset)
(reset)
(reset)
(reset)
(reset)
(reset)
(reset)
(reset)
no change (1)
(reset)
(reset)
X no change (1)
0 (reset)
0 (reset)
0 (reset)
0 (reset)
X no change
0 (reset)
0 (reset)
4
Interrupt Enable
IER.7
IER.6
IER.5
IER.4
IER.3
IER.2
IER.1
IER.0
BEIE
ALIE
EPIE
WUIE
DOIE
EIE
TIE
RIE
Bus Error Interrupt Enable
Arbitr. Lost Interrupt Enable
Error Passive Interrupt
Wake-Up Interrupt Enable
Data Overrun Interrupt Enable
Error Warning Interrupt Enable
Transmit Interrupt Enable
Receive Interrupt Enable
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
5
Rx Interrupt Level
-
RIL
Rx Interrupt Level
00000000b
X no change
6
Bus Timing 0
BTR0.7
BTR0.6
BTR0.5
BTR0.4
BTR0.3
BTR0.2
BTR0.1
BTR0.0
SJW.1
SJW.0
BRP.5
BRP.4 BRP.3
BRP.2
BRP.1 BRP.0
Synchronization Jump Width 1
Synchronization Jump Width 0
Baud Rate Prescaler 5
Baud Rate Prescaler 4
Baud Rate Prescaler 3
Baud Rate Prescaler 2
Baud Rate Prescaler 1
Baud Rate Prescaler 0
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
7
Bus Timing 1
BTR1.7
BTR1.6
BTR1.5
BTR1.4
BTR1.3
BTR1.2
BTR1.1
BTR1.0
SAM
TSEG2.2
TSEG2.1
TSEG2.0
TSEG1.3
TSEG1.2
TSEG1.1
TSEG1.0
Sampling
Time Segment 2.2
Time Segment 2.1
Time Segment 2.0
Time Segment 1.3
Time Segment 1.2
Time Segment 1.1
Time Segment 1.0
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
2000 Jul 26
32
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
ADDR.
REGISTER
BIT
SYMBOL
P8xC591
RESET BY
HARDWARE
NAME
SETTING MOD.0 BY
SOFTWARE OR
DUE TO BUS-OFF
9
Rx Message Counter
−
RMC
Rx Message Counter
0
10
Rx Buffer Start Address
−
RBSA
Rx Buffer Start Address
00000000b
X no change
11
Arbitr. Lost Capture
−
ALC
Arbitration Lost Capture
0
X no change
12
Error Code Capture
−
ECC
Error Code Capture
0
X no change
13
Error Warning Limit
−
EWLR
Error Warning Limit Register
96d
X no change
14
Rx Error Counter
−
RXERR
Receive Error Counter
0 (reset)
15
Tx Error Counter
−
TXERR
Transmit Error Counter
0 (reset)
X no change (2)
X no change (2)
29
ACF Mode
ACFMOD.7
ACFMOD.6
ACFMOD.5
ACFMOD.4
ACFMOD.3
ACFMOD.2
ACFMOD.1
ACFMOD.0
MFORMATB4
AMODEB4
MFORMATB3
AMODEB3
MFORMATB2
AMODEB2
MFORMATB1
AMODEB1
Message Format Bank4
Accept. Filt. Mode Bank Message
Format Bank3
Accept. Filt. Mode Bank3
Message Format Bank2
Accept. Filt. Mode Bank2
Message Format Bank1
Accept. Filt. Mode Bank1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(SFF)
(dual)
(SFF)
(dual)
(SFF)
(dual)
(SFF)
(dual)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
30
ACF Enable
ACFEN.7
ACFEN.6
ACFEN.5
ACFEN.4
ACFEN.3
ACFEN.2
ACFEN.1
ACFEN.0
B4F2EN
B4F1EN
B3F2EN
B3F1EN
B2F2EN
B2F1EN
B1F2EN
B1F1EN
Bank 4 Filter 2 Enable
Bank 4 Filter 1 Enable
Bank 3 Filter 2 Enable
Bank 3 Filter 1 Enable
Bank 2 Filter 2 Enable
Bank 2 Filter 1 Enable
Bank 1 Filter 2 Enable
Bank 1 Filter 1 Enable
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
31
ACF Priority
ACFPRIO.7
ACFPRIO.6
ACFPRIO.5
ACFPRIO.4
ACFPRIO.3
ACFPRIO.2
ACFPRIO.1
ACFPRIO.0
B4F2PRIO
B4F1PRIO
B3F2PRIO
B3F1PRIO
B2F2PRIO
B2F1PRIO
B1F2PRIO
B1F1PRIO
Bank 4 Filter 2 Priority
Bank 4 Filter 1 Priority
Bank 3 Filter 2 Priority
Bank 3 Filter 1 Priority
Bank 2 Filter 2 Priority
Bank 2 Filter 1 Priority
Bank 1 Filter 2 Priority
Bank 1 Filter 1 Priority
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
no change
32 to 35
Bank 1
36 to 39
40 to 43
Bank 2
44 to 47
48 to 51
Bank 3
52 to 55
56 to 59
Bank 4
60 to 63
0
ACR 0 to 3
−
ACR0 to ACR3
Acceptance Code Register
X no change
X no change
AMR 0 to 3
−
AMR0 to AMR3
Acceptance Mask Register
X no change
X no change
ACR 0 to 3
−
ACR0 to ACR3
Acceptance Code Register
X no change
X no change
AMR 0 to 3
−
AMR0 to AMR3
Acceptance Mask Register
X no change
X no change
ACR 0 to 3
−
ACR0 to ACR3
Acceptance Code Register
X no change
X no change
AMR 0 to 3
−
AMR0 to AMR3
Acceptance Mask Register
X no change
X no change
ACR 0 to 3
−
ACR0 to ACR3
Acceptance Code Register
X no change
X no change
AMR 0 to 3
−
AMR0 to AMR3
Acceptance Mask Register
Receive Buffer
X no change
X empty (3)
X no change
X empty (3)
96 to 108
Rx Buffer
−
RXB
112 to 124
Tx Buffer
−
TXB
Transmit Buffer
X no change
X no change
125 to 127
General Purpose RAM
−
−
General Purpose RAM
X no change
X no change
Notes
1. On Bus-Off the Error Warning Interrupt is set, if enabled.
2. If the Reset Mode was entered due to a Bus-off condition, the Receive Error Counter is cleared and the Transmit Error
Counter is initialized to 127 to count-down the CAN-defined Bus-off recovery time consisting of 128 occurrences of
11 consecutive recessive bits.
3. Internal read/write pointers of the RXFIFO are reset to their initial values. A subsequent read access to the RXB would
show undefined data values (parts of old messages). If a message is transmitted, this message is written in parallel to
the Receive Buffer. A Receive Interrupt is generated only, if this transmission was forced by the Self Reception Request.
So, even if the Receive Buffer is empty, the last transmitted message may be read from the Receive Buffer until it is
overridden by the next received or transmitted message. Upon a Hardware Reset, the RXFIFO pointers are reset to the
physical RAM address “0”. Setting MOD.0 by software or due to the Bus-Off event will reset the RXFIFO pointers to the
currently valid FIFO Start Address (RBSA Register) which is different from the RAM address ”0” after the first Release
Receive Buffer command.
2000 Jul 26
33
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
12.5.2
P8xC591
MODE REGISTER (MOD)
The contents of the Mode Register are used to change the behaviour of the CAN controller. Bits may be set or reset by
the CPU that uses the Mode Register as a read / write memory. Reserved Bits are read as “0”.
Table 13 Mode Register (MOD) CAN Addr. 0 bit interpretation
BIT
SYMBOL
NAME
VALUE
MOD.7
TM
Test Mode;
Note 1
MOD.6
RIPM
Reserved.
−
−
MOD.5
RPM
Receive Polarity
Mode
1 (high active)
RXD inputs are active high (dominant = 1).
0 (low active)
RXD inputs are active low (dominant = 0).
MOD.4
SM
Sleep Mode;
Note 2
1 (high active)) The CAN controller enters Sleep Mode if no CAN interrupt is
pending and there is no bus activity.
1 (activated)
FUNCTION
The TXDC pin will reflect the bit, detected on RXDC pin, with
the next positive edge of the system clock. The RPM bit has
no influence within this mode.
0 (disabled)
0 (low active)
MOD.3
−
MOD.2
STM
MOD.1
MOD.0
LOM
RM
reserved
−
−
Self Test Mode;
Note 1
1 (self test)
In this mode a full node test is possible without any other
active node on the bus using the Self Reception Request
command. The CAN controller will perform a successful
transmission, even if there is no acknowledge received.
0 (normal)
An acknowledge is required for successful transmission.
1 (reset)
In this mode the CAN would give no acknowledge to the
CAN bus, even if a message is received successfully. No
active error flags are driven to the bus. The error counters
are stopped at the current value.
0 (normal)
Normal communication.
1 (reset)
Setting the Reset Mode bit results in aborting the current
transmission/reception of a message and entering the Reset
Mode.
0 (normal)
On the’1’-to-’0’ transition of the Reset Mode bit, the CAN
controller returns to the Operating Mode.
Listen Only
Mode; Notes 1
and 3
Reset Mode;
Note 4
Notes
1. A write access to the bits MOD.1, MOD.2, MOD.5, MOD.6 and MOD.7 is possible only, if the Reset Mode is entered
previously.
2. The PeliCAN Block will enter Sleep Mode, if the Sleep Mode bit is set ‘1’ (sleep), there is no bus activity and no
interrupt is pending. Setting of SM with at least one of the previously mentioned exceptions valid will result in a
wake-up interrupt. The CAN controller will wake up if SM is set LOW (wake-up) or there is bus activity. On wake-up,
a Wake-up Interrupt is generated. A sleeping CAN controller which wakes up due to bus activity will not be able to
receive this message until it detects 11 consecutive recessive bits (Bus-Free sequence). Note that setting of SM is
not possible in Reset Mode. After clearing of Reset Mode, setting of SM is possible first, when Bus-Free is detected
again.
3. This mode of operation forces the CAN controller to be error passive. Message Transmission is not possible. The
Listen Only Mode can be used e.g. for software driven bit rate detection and “hot plugging”.
2000 Jul 26
34
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
4. During a Hardware reset or when the Bus Status bit is set ‘1’ (Bus-Off), the Reset Mode bit is set ‘1’ (present). After
the Reset Mode bit is set ‘0’ the CAN controller will wait for:
a) one occurrence of Bus-Free signal (11 recessive bits), if the preceding reset has been caused by Hardware reset
or a CPU-initiated reset.
b) 128 occurrences of Bus-Free, if the preceding reset has been caused by a CAN controller initiated Bus-Off, before
re-entering the Bus-On mode
12.5.3
COMMAND REGISTER (CMR)
The contents of the Command Register are used to change the behaviour of the CAN controller. Control bits may be set
or reset by the CPU which uses the Command Register as a write only memory.
Table 14 Command Register (CMR) CAN Addr. 1, bit interpretation
BIT
SYMBOL
NAME
VALUE
CMR.7
to
CMR.5
-
reserved
-
CMR.4
SRR
Self Reception Request;
Notes 1 and 6
1 (present)
FUNCTION
A message shall be transmitted and received
simultaneously.
0 (absent)
CMR.3
CDO
Clear Data Overrun;
Note 2
1 (clear)
1 (released)
CMR.2
RRB
Release Receive Buffer;
Note 3
CMR.1
AT
Abort Transmission;
Notes 4 and 6
The Data Overrun Status bit is cleared.
0 (no action)
The Receive Buffer, representing the message
memory space in the RXFIFO is released.
0 (no action)
1 (present)
If not already in progress, a pending Transmission
Request is cancelled.
0 (absent)
CMR.0
TR
Transmission Request;
Notes 5 and 6
1 (present)
A message shall be transmitted.
0 (absent)
Notes
1. Upon Self Reception Request a message is transmitted and simultaneously received if the acceptance filter is set to
the corresponding identifier. A receive and a transmit interrupt will indicate correct self reception. (see also Self Test
Mode in Mode Register).
2. This command bit is used to clear the Data Overrun condition signalled by the Data Overrun Status bit. As long as
the Data Overrun Status bit is set no further Data Overrun Interrupt is generated.
3. After reading the contents of the Receive Buffer, the CPU can release this memory space of the RXFIFO by setting
the Release Receive Buffer bit ‘1’. This may result in another message becoming immediately available within the
Receive Buffer. If there is no other message available, the Receive Interrupt bit is reset. The Receive Interrupt is also
reset in case there is no “high priority” message available within the FIFO (see acceptance filter description) and the
available message bytes are equal to or less to the specified value within the Receive Interrupt Level Register. If the
RRB command is given, it will take at least 2 internal clock cycles before a new receive interrupt is generated and
Rx Buffer Start Address is updated.
4. The Abort Transmission bit is used when the CPU requires the suspension of the previously requested transmission,
e.g. to transmit a more urgent message before. A transmission already in progress is not stopped. In order to see if
the original message had been either transmitted successfully or aborted, the Transmission Complete Status bit
should be checked. This should be done after the Transmit Buffer Status bit has been set ‘1’ or a Transmit Interrupt
has been generated.
2000 Jul 26
35
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
5. If the Transmission Request or the Self Reception Request bit was set ‘1’ in a previous command, it cannot be
cancelled by resetting the bits. The requested transmission may only be cancelled by setting the Abort Transmission
bits.
6. Setting the command bits CMR.0 and CMR.1 simultaneously results in transmitting a message once. No
re-transmission will be performed in case of an error or arbitration lost (single shot transmission). Setting the
command bits CMR.4 and CMR.1 simultaneously results in sending the transmit message once using the self
reception feature. No re-transmission will be performed in case of an error or arbitration lost. Setting the command
bits CMR.0, CMR.1 and CMR.4 simultaneously results in transmitting a message once as described for CMR.0 and
CMR.1. The moment the Transmit Status bit is set within the Status Register, the internal Transmission Request Bit
is cleared automatically. Setting CMR.0 and CMR.4 simultaneously will ignore the set CMR.4 bit.
12.5.4
STATUS REGISTER (SR)
The content of the Status Register reflects the status of the CAN controller. The Status Register appears to the CPU as
a read only memory.
Table 15 Status Register (SR) CAN Addr. 2, bit interpretation
BIT
SYMBOL
SR.7
BS
SR.6
SR.5
SR.4
SR.3
SR.2
SR.1
SR.0
2000 Jul 26
ES
TS
RS
TCS
TBS
DOS
RBS
NAME
Bus Status; Note 1
VALUE
FUNCTION
1 (Bus-Off)
The CAN controller is not involved in bus activities.
0 (Bus-On)
The CAN controller is involved in bus activities
1 (error)
At least one of the error counters has reached or
exceeded the CPU warning limit.
0 (ok)
Both error counters are below the warning limit.
Transmit Status;
Note 3
1 (transmit)
The CAN controller is transmitting a message.
Receive Status;
Note 3
1 (receive)
Transmission
Complete Status;
Note 4
1 (complete)
Last requested transmission has been successfully
completed.
0 (incomplete)
Previously requested transmission is not yet
completed.
Transmit Buffer
Status; Note 5
1 (released)
The CPU may write a message into the Transmit
Buffer.
0 (locked)
The CPU cannot access the Transmit Buffer. A
message is either waiting for transmission or is in
transmitting process.
Error Status; Note 2
0 (idle)
The CAN controller is receiving a message.
0 (idle)
Data Overrun Status; 1 (overrun)
Note 6
Receive Buffer
Status; Note 7
A message was lost because there was not enough
space for that message in the RXFIFO.
0 (absent)
No data overrun has occurred since the last Clear Data
Overrun command was given
1 (full)
One or more complete messages are available in the
RXFIFO.
0 (empty)
No message is available.
36
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
Notes to Table 15:
1. When the Transmit Error Counter exceeds the limit of 255, the Bus Status bit is set ‘1’ (Bus-Off), the CAN controller
will set the Reset Mode bit ‘1’ (present), an Error Warning and a Bus Error Interrupt is generated, if enabled. The
Transmit Error Counter is set to ‘127’. It will stay in this mode until the CPU clears the Reset Request bit. Once this
is completed the CAN controller will wait the minimum protocol-defined time (128 occurrences of the Bus-Free signal)
counting down the Transmit Error Counter. After that the Bus Status bit is cleared (Bus-On), the Error Status bit is
set ‘0’ (ok), the Error Counters are reset and an Error Interrupt is generated, if enabled. Reading the TX Error Counter
during this time gives information about the status of the Bus-Off recovery.
2. Errors detected during reception or transmission will effect the error counters according to the CAN specification. The
Error Status bit is set when at least one of the error counters has reached or exceeded the CPU warning limit of 96.
An Error Interrupt is generated, if enabled.
3. If both the Receive Status and the Transmit Status bits are ‘0’ (idle) the CAN-Bus is idle.
4. The Transmission Complete Status bit is set ‘0’ (incomplete) whenever the Transmission Request bit or the Self
Reception Request bit is set ‘1’. The Transmission Complete Status bit will remain ‘0’ until a message is transmitted
successfully.
5. If the CPU tries to write to the Transmit Buffer when the Transmit Buffer Status bit is ‘0’ (locked), the written byte will
not be accepted and will be lost without this being signalled.
6. When a message that is to be received has passed the acceptance filter successfully, the CAN controller needs
space in the RXFIFO to store the message descriptor and for each data byte which has been received. If there is not
enough space to store the massage, that message is dropped and the data overrun condition is indicated to the CPU
at the moment this message becomes valid. If this message is not completed (e.g. because of an error), no overrun
condition is indicated.
7. After reading all messages within the RXFIFO and releasing their memory space with the command Release Receive
Buffer this bit is cleared.
2000 Jul 26
37
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
12.5.5
P8xC591
INTERRUPT REGISTER (IR)
The Interrupt Register allows the identification of an interrupt source. When one or more bits of this register are set, a
CAN interrupt will be indicated to the CPU. After this register is read by the CPU all bits are reset except of the Receive
Interrupt bit.
The Interrupt Register appears to the CPU as a read only memory.
Table 16 Interrupt Register (IR) CAN Addr. 3, bit interpretation
BIT
SYMBOL
IR.7
BEI
NAME
Bus Error Interrupt
VALUE
1 (set)
FUNCTION
This bit is set when the CAN controller detects an error on
the CAN Bus and the BEIE bit is set within the Interrupt
Enable Register. After a bus error interrupt event this
interrupt is locked until the Error Code Capture Register is
read out once.
0 (reset)
IR.6
ALI
Arbitration Lost
Interrupt
1 (set)
This bit is set when the CAN controller has lost arbitration
and becomes a receiver and the ALIE bit is set within the
Interrupt Enable Register. After an arbitration lost interrupt
event this interrupt is locked until the Arbitration Lost Capture
Register is read out once.
0 (reset)
IR.5
EPI
Error Passive
Interrupt
1 (set)
This bit is set whenever the CAN controller has reached the
Error Passive Status (at least one error counter exceeds the
CAN protocol defined level of 127) or if the CAN controller is
in Error Passive Status and enters the Error Active Status
again and the EPIE bit is set within the Interrupt Enable
Register.
0 (reset)
IR.4
WUI
Wake-Up Interrupt;
Note 1
1 (set)
This bit is set when the CAN controller is sleeping and bus
activity is detected and the WUIE bit is set within the
Interrupt Enable Register.
0 (reset)
IR.3
DOI
Data Overrun
Interrupt
IR.2
EI
Error Interrupt
1 (set)
This bit is set on a 0-to-1 change of the Data Overrun Status
bit, when the Data Overrun Interrupt Enable is set to ‘1’
(enabled).
0 (reset)
1 (set)
This bit is set on every change (set and clear) of either the
Error Status or Bus Status bits if the Error Interrupt Enable is
set to ‘1’ (enabled).
0 (reset)
IR.1
TI
Transmit Interrupt;
Note 2
1 (set)
This bit is set whenever the Transmit Buffer Status changes
from ‘0’ to ‘1’ (released) and Transmit Interrupt Enable is set
to ‘1’ (enabled).
0 (reset)
IR.0
RI
Receive Interrupt;
Note 2
1 (set)
This bit is set whenever the RXFIFO is filled with more bytes
than specified in the Rx Interrupt Level register or a message
has passed an acceptance filter which is set to “high priority”
and the RIE bit is set within the Interrupt Enable Register.
0 (reset)
2000 Jul 26
38
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
Notes to Table 16:
1. A Wake-Up Interrupt is also generated, if the CPU tries to set the Sleep bit while the CAN controller is involved in bus
activities or a CAN Interrupt is pending.
2. In order to support high priority messages, the Receive Interrupt is forced immediately upon a received message,
which has passed successfully an acceptance filter with high priority (see acceptance filter section). As long as only
messages are received via low priority acceptance filters, the receive interrupt is not forced until the FIFO is filled
with more bytes than programmed in the Rx Interrupt Level Register.
The Receive Interrupt Bit is not cleared upon a read access to the Interrupt Register. Giving the Command “Release
Receive Buffer” will clear RI temporarily. If there is another message available within the FIFO after the release
command, RI is set again. Otherwise RI keeps cleared.
12.5.6
INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER (IER)
The register allows to enable different types of interrupt sources which are signalled to the CPU. The Interrupt Enable
Register appears to the CPU as a read / write memory.
Table 17 Interrupt Enable Register (IER) CAN Addr. 4, bit interpretation
BIT
SYMBOL
IER.7
BEIE
NAME
Bus Error
Interrupt Enable
VALUE
FUNCTION
1 (enabled) If a bus error has been detected, the CAN controller requests
the respective interrupt.
0 (disabled)
IER.6
ALIE
Arbitration Lost
Interrupt Enable
1 (enabled) If the CAN controller has lost arbitration, the respective interrupt
is requested.
0 (disabled)
IER.5
EPIE
Error Passive
Interrupt Enable
1 (enabled) If the error status of the CAN controller changes from error
active to error passive or vice versa, the respective interrupt is
requested.
IER.4
WUIE
Wake-Up Interrupt 1 (enabled) If the sleeping CAN controller wakes up, the respective interrupt
Enable
is requested.
0 (disabled)
0 (disabled)
IER.3
DOIE
Data Overrun
Interrupt Enable
1 (enabled) If the Data Overrun Status bit is set (see Status Register), the
CAN controller requests the respective interrupt.
0 (disabled)
IER.2
EIE
Error Interrupt
Enable
IER.1
TIE
Transmit Interrupt
Enable
1 (enabled) If the Error or Bus Status change (see Status Register), the
CAN controller requests the respective interrupt.
0 (disabled)
1 (enabled) When a message has been successfully transmitted or the
Transmit Buffer is accessible again, (e.g. after an Abort
Transmission command) the CAN controller requests the
respective interrupt.
0 (disabled)
IER.0
RIE
Receive Interrupt
Enable
1 (enabled) When the Receive Buffer Status is ‘full’ the CAN controller
requests the respective interrupt.
0 (disabled)
2000 Jul 26
39
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
12.5.7
P8xC591
RX INTERRUPT LEVEL (RIL)
The RIL register is used to define the receive interrupt level for the RXFIFO. A receive interrupt is generated if the number
of valid CAN message bytes in the RXFIFO exceeds the level specified in this register. Note that receive interrupts are
only generated if complete messages have been received. If RIL is set to 00 the PeliCAN functions like the receive
interrupt behaviour of the SJA1000.
Table 18 Bit interpretation of the Rx Interrupt Level (RIL)
CAN ADDR. 5
RX INTERRUPT LEVEL (RIL)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
RIL.7
RIL.6
RIL.5
RIL.4
RIL.3
RIL.2
RIL.1
RIL.0
BUS TIMING REGISTER 0 (BTR0)
12.5.8
The contents of the Bus Timing Register 0 defines the values of the Baud Rate Prescaler (BRP) and the Synchronization
Jump Width (SJW). This register can be accessed (read/write) if the Reset Mode is active. In Operating Mode, this
register is read only.
Table 19 Bus Timing Register 0 (BTR0) (CAN address 6)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SJW.1
SJW.0
BRP.5
BRP.4
BRP.3
BRP.2
BRP.1
BRP.0
12.5.8.1
Baud Rate Prescaler (BRP)
The period of the CAN system clock tscl is programmable and determines the individual bit timing. The CAN system clock
is calculated using the following equation:
t scl = t CLK × ( 32 × BRP.5 + 16 × BRP.4 + 8 × BRP.3 + 4 × BRP.2 + 2 × BRP.1 + BRP.0 + 1 )
1
t CLK = time period of the µC´s system clock = --------------f CLK
12.5.8.2
Synchronization Jump Width (SJW)
To compensate for phase shifts between clock oscillators of different bus controllers, any bus controller must
resynchronize on any relevant signal edge of the current transmission. The synchronization jump width defines the
maximum number of clock cycles a bit period may be shortened or lengthened by one resynchronization:
t SJW = t scl × ( 2 × SJW.1 + SJW.0 + 1 )
2000 Jul 26
40
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
12.5.9
P8xC591
BUS TIMING REGISTER 1 (BTR1)
The contents of Bus Timing Register 1 defines the length of the bit period, the location of the sample point and the number
of samples to be taken at each bit time. This register can be accessed (read/write) if the Reset Mode is active. In
Operating Mode, this register is read only.
Table 20 Bus Timing Register 1 (BTR1) (CAN address 7)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SAM
TSEG2.2
TSEG2.1
TSEG2.0
TSEG1.3
TSEG1.2
TSEG1.1
TSEG1.0.
12.5.9.1
Sampling (SAM)
Table 21 Sampling (SAM)
BIT
VALUE
SAM
12.5.9.2
FUNCTION
1 (triple)
The bus is sampled three times
-> recommended for low/medium speed buses (class A and B) where filtering
spikes on the bus-line is beneficial
0 (once)
The bus is sampled once
-> recommended for high speed buses (SAE class C)
Time Segment 1 (TSEG1) and Time Segment 2 (TSEG2)
TSEG1 and TSEG2 determine the number of clock cycles per bit period and the location of the sample point:
t SYNCSEG = 1 × t scl
t TSEG1 = t scl × ( 8 × TSEG1.3 + 4 × TSEG1.2 + 2 × TSEG1.1 + TSEG1.0 + 1 )
t TSEG2 = t scl × ( 4 × TSEG2.2 + 2 × TSEG2.1 + TSEG2.0 + 1 )
handbook, full pagewidth
µC:
tscl
tCLK
baud rate prescaler
CAN:
tSYNCSEG
tTSEG1
tTSEG2
nominal bit time
sync.
seg.
TSEG1
TSEG2
sync.
seg.
TSEG1
MHI011
e.g.
sample point(s)
Fig.12 General structure of a bit period.
2000 Jul 26
41
BRP = 000010b
TSEG1 = 0101b
TSEG2 = 010b
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
12.5.10 RX MESSAGE COUNTER (RMC)
The RMC Register (CAN Address 9) reflects the number of messages available within the RXFIFO. The value is
incremented with each receive event and decremented by the Release Receive Buffer command. After any reset event,
this register is cleared.
Table 22 RX Message Counter (RMC) (CAN address 9)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
RMC.7
RMC.6
RMC.5
RMC.4
RMC.3
RMC.2
RMC.1
RMC.0
12.5.11 RX BUFFER START ADDRESS (RBSA)
(CAN Address = RBSA + 128--> 24 + 128= 152).
The RBSA register (CAN Address 10) reflects the currently
valid internal RAM address, where the first byte of the
received message, which is mapped to the Receive Buffer
Window, is stored. With the help of this information it is
possible to interpret the internal RAM contents. The
internal RAM address area begins at CAN address 32 and
may be accessed by the CPU for reading and writing
(writing in Reset Mode only).
Always, the Release Receive Buffer Command is given
while there is at least one more message available within
the FIFO, RBSA is updated to the beginning of the next
message.
On Hardware Reset, this pointer is initialised to “00h”.
Upon a Software Reset (setting of Reset Mode) this
pointer keeps its old value, but the FIFO is cleared, what
means, that the RAM contents are not changed, but the
next received (or transmitted) message will override the
currently visible message within the Receive Buffer
Window.
Example:
If RBSA is set to 24 (decimal), the current message visible
in the Receive Buffer Window (CAN Address 96 -108) is
stored within the internal RAM beginning at RAM address
24. Because the RAM is also mapped directly to the CAN
address space beginning at CAN address 128 (equal to
RAM address 0) this message may also be accessed
using CAN address 152 and the following bytes
The RX Buffer Start Address Register appears to the CPU
as a read only memory in Operating Mode and as read /
write memory in Reset Mode.
Table 23 RX Buffer Start Address (RBSA) (CAN address 10)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
RBSA.7
RBSA.6
RBSA.5
RBSA.4
RBSA.3
RBSA.2
RBSA.1
RBSA.0
2000 Jul 26
42
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
12.5.12 ARBITRATION LOST CAPTURE (ALC)
This register contains information about the bit position of losing arbitration. The Arbitration Lost Capture Register
appears to the CPU as a read only memory. Reserved Bits are read as “0”.
Table 24 Arbitration Lost Capture (ALC) (CAN address 11)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
BITNO4
BITNO3
BITNO2
BITNO1
BITNO0
Table 25 Description of Arbitration Lost Capture (ALC) Register bits
BIT
SYMBOL
NAME
VALUE
FUNCTION
7 to 5
−
−
−
4
BITNO4
Bit Number 4
Binary coded Frame Bit Number where arbitration was lost.
00 -> arbitration lost in first bit of identifier
3
BITNO3
Bit Number 3
…
2
BITNO2
Bit Number 2
11 -> arbitration lost in SRTR bit (RTR bit for standard frame messages)
12 -> arbitration lost in IDE bit
13 -> arbitration lost in 12th bit of identifier (extended frame only)
1
BITNO1
Bit Number 1
…
0
BITNO0
Bit Number 0
30 -> arbitration lost in last bit of identifier (extended frame only)
31 -> arbitration lost in RTR bit (extended frame only)
Reserved.
On arbitration lost, the corresponding arbitration lost interrupt is forced, if enabled. In the same time, the current bit
position of the Bit Stream Processor is captured into the Arbitration Lost Capture Register. The content within this register
is fixed until the users software has read out its contents once. From now on the capture mechanism is activated again.
The corresponding Interrupt Flag located in the Interrupt Register is cleared during the read access to the Interrupt
Register. A new Arbitration Lost Interrupt is not possible until the Arbitration Lost Capture Register is read out once.
start of frame
standard and extended
frame messages:
ID28 ID27 ID26 ID25 ID24 ID23 ID22 ID21 ID20 ID19 ID18 SRTR IDE
bit number:
extended
frame messages:
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
ID17 ID16 ID15 ID14 ID13 ID12 ID11 ID10 ID09 ID08 ID07 ID06 ID05 ID04 ID03 ID02 ID01 ID00 RTR
bit number:
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
arbitration lost
ALC = 08
example:
TX
RX
bit number:
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
width
Fig.13 Arbitration Lost Bit Number Interpretation.
2000 Jul 26
43
MHI013
29
30
31
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
12.5.13 ERROR CODE CAPTURE (ECC)
This register contains information about the type and location of errors on the bus. The Error Code Capture Register
appears to the CPU as a read only memory.
Table 26 Error Code Capture (ECC) (CAN address 12)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ERRC1
ERRC0
DIR
SEG4
SEG3
SEG2
SEG1
SEG0
Table 27 Description of Error Code Capture (ECC) Register bits
BIT SYMBOL
NAME
VALUE
FUNCTION
7
ERRC1
Error Code 1
ERRC1
ERRC0
6
ERRC0
Error Code 0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
5
DIR
4
Bit Error
Form Error
Stuff Error
Other Error
Direction
1 (RX)
0 (TX)
SEG4
Segment 4
Reflects the current Frame Segment to determine between different error events:
3
SEG3
Segment 3
00011
Start Of Frame
2
SEG2
Segment 2
00010
ID28 ... ID21
1
SEG1
Segment 1
00110
ID20 ... ID18
0
SEG0
Segment 0
00100
00101
00111
01111
01110
01100
01101
01001
01011
01010
01000
11000
11001
11011
11010
10010
10001
10110
10011
10111
11100
SRTR Bit
IDE Bit
ID17 ... ID13
ID12 ... ID5
ID4 ... ID0
RTR Bit
Reserved Bit 1
Reserved Bit 0
Data Length Code
Data Field
CRC Sequence
CRC Delimiter
Acknowledge Slot
Acknowledge Delimiter
End Of Frame
Intermission
Active Error Flag
Passive Error Flag
Tolerate Dom. Bits
Error Delimiter
Overload Flag
2000 Jul 26
Error occurred during reception
Error occurred during transmission
44
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
Always if a bus error occurs, the corresponding bus error interrupt is forced, if enabled. In the same time, the current
position of the Bit Stream Processor is captured into the Error Code Capture Register. The content within this register is
fixed until the users software has read out its content once. From now on the capture mechanism is activated again.
The corresponding Interrupt Flag located in the Interrupt Register is cleared during the read access to the Interrupt
Register. A new Bus Error Interrupt is not possible until the Capture Register is read out once.
12.5.14 ERROR WARNING LIMIT REGISTER (EWLR)
The Error Warning Limit could be defined within this register. The default value (after hardware reset) is 96d. In Reset
Mode this register appears to the CPU as a read / write memory.
Table 28 Error Warning Limit Register (EWLR) (CAN address 13)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
EWL.7
EWL.6
EWL.5
EWL.4
EWL.3
EWL.2
EWL.1
EWL.0
Note that a content change of the EWL-Register is possible only, if the Reset Mode was entered previously. An Error
Status change (Status Register) and an Error Warning Interrupt forced by the new register content will not occur, until
the Reset Mode is cancelled again.
12.5.15 RX ERROR COUNTER REGISTER (RXERR)
The RX Error Counter Register reflects the current value of the Receive Error Counter. After hardware reset this register
is initialised to “0”. In Operating Mode this register appears to the CPU as a read only memory. A write access to this
register is possible only in Reset Mode.
If a Bus Off event occurs, the RX Error counter is initialised to “0”. As long as Bus Off is valid, writing to this register has
no effect.
Table 29 RX Error Counter Register (RXERR) (CAN address 14)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
RXERR.7
RXERR.6
RXERR.5
RXERR.4
RXERR.3
RXERR.2
RXERR.1
RXERR.0
Note that a CPU-forced content change of the RX Error Counter is possible only, if the Reset Mode was entered
previously. An Error Status change (Status Register), an Error Warning or an Error Passive Interrupt forced by the new
register content will not occur, until the Reset Mode is cancelled again.
2000 Jul 26
45
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
12.5.16 TX ERROR COUNTER REGISTER (TXERR)
P8xC591
TX Error Counter is possible only, if the Reset Mode was
entered previously. An Error or Bus Status change (Status
Register), an Error Warning or an Error Passive Interrupt
forced by the new register content will not occur, until the
Reset Mode is cancelled again. After leaving the Reset
Mode, the new TX Counter content is interpreted and the
Bus Off event is performed in the same way, as if it was
forced by a bus error event. That means, that the Reset
Mode is entered again, the TX Error Counter is initialised
to 127, the RX Counter is cleared and all concerned Status
and Interrupt Register Bits are set.
The TX Error Counter Register reflects the current value of
the Transmit Error Counter. In Operating Mode this
register appears to the CPU as a read only memory. A
write access to this register is possible only in Reset Mode.
After hardware reset this register is initialised to “0”. If a
bus-off event occurs, the TX Error Counter is initialised to
127 to count the minimum protocol-defined time (128
occurrences of the Bus-Free signal). Reading the TX Error
Counter during this time gives information about the status
of the Bus-Off recovery.
Clearing of Reset Mode now will perform the protocol
defined Bus Off recovery sequence (waiting for 128
occurrences of the Bus-Free signal).
If Bus Off is active, a write access to TXERR in the range
of 0 to 254 clears the Bus Off Flag and the controller will
wait for one occurrence of 11 consecutive recessive bits
(bus free) after clearing of Reset Mode.
If the Reset Mode is entered again before the end of Bus
Off recovery (TXERR > 0), Bus Off keeps active and
TXERR is frozen.
Writing 255 to TXERR allows to initiate a CPU-driven Bus
Off event. Note, that a CPU-forced content change of the
Table 30 TX Error Counter Register (TXERR) (CAN address 15)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TXERR.7
TXERR.6
TXERR.5
TXERR.4
TXERR.3
TXERR.2
TXERR.1
TXERR.0
The PeliCAN is designed to support four of so called
Acceptance Filter Banks. Each bank has the functionality
known from the SJA1000 with the extension, that a filter
change is possible “on the fly”. Additionally the used
Frame Format of each filter bank is programmable now.
12.5.17 ACCEPTANCE FILTER
With the help of the Acceptance Filter the CAN controller
is able to allow passing of received messages to the
RXFIFO only when the identifier bits and the Frame Type
of the received message are equal to the predefined ones
within the Acceptance Filter Registers. If at least one filter
matches, the message is copied to the receive FIFO.
The Acceptance Filter is defined by the Acceptance Code
Registers (ACRn) and the Acceptance Mask Registers
(AMRn). Within the Acceptance Code Registers the bit
patterns of messages to be received are defined. The
corresponding Acceptance Mask Registers allow defining
certain bit positions to be “don‘t care”.
2000 Jul 26
46
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
handbook, full pagewidth
P8xC591
ACCEPTANCE FILTER MODE REGISTER
MFORMATB4
AMODEB4
MFORMATB3
AMODEB3
MFORMATB2
AMODEB2
MFORMATB1
AMODEB1
standard/
extended
dual/single
standard/
extended
dual/single
standard/
extended
dual/single
standard/
extended
dual/single
ACCEPTANCE FILTER
BANK 4
ACCEPTANCE FILTER
BANK 3
ACCEPTANCE FILTER
BANK 2
ACCEPTANCE FILTER
BANK 1
ACR 0
ACR 0
ACR 0
ACR 0
ACR 1
ACR 1
ACR 1
ACR 1
ACR 2
ACR 2
ACR 2
ACR 2
ACR 3
ACR 3
ACR 3
ACR 3
AMR 0
AMR 0
AMR 0
AMR 0
AMR 1
AMR 1
AMR 1
AMR 1
AMR 2
AMR 2
AMR 2
AMR 2
AMR 3
AMR 3
AMR 3
AMR 3
filter 2
enable/
disable
filter 1
enable/
disable
filter 2
enable/
disable
filter 1
enable/
disable
filter 2
enable/
disable
filter 1
enable/
disable
filter 2
enable/
disable
filter 1
enable/
disable
B4F2EN
B4F1EN
B3F2EN
B3F1EN
B2F2EN
B2F1EN
B1F2EN
B1F1EN
ACCEPTANCE FILTER ENABLE REGISTER
filter 2
priority
low/high
filter 1
priority
low/high
filter 2
priority
low/high
filter 1
priority
low/high
filter 2
priority
low/high
filter 1
priority
low/high
filter 2
priority
low/high
filter 1
priority
low/high
B4F2PRIO
B4F1PRIO
B3F2PRIO
B3F1PRIO
B2F2PRIO
B2F1PRIO
B1F2PRIO
B1F1PRIO
ACCEPTANCE FILTER PRIORITY REGISTER
MHI014
Fig.14 Acceptance Filter Banks.
2000 Jul 26
47
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
12.5.17.1 Acceptance Filter Mode Register
The current operating mode is defined within the Acceptance Filter Mode Register located at CAN Address 29. A write
access to this register is possible only within Reset Mode (Mode Register).
Table 31 Acceptance Filter Mode Register (ACF Mode) (CAN address 29)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MFORMATB4
AMODEB4
MFORMATB3
AMODEB3
MFORMATB2
AMODEB2
MFORMATB1
AMODEB1
Table 32 Acceptance Filter Mode Register (ACF Mode) 1 bits
BIT
ACFMOD.7
ACFMOD.6
ACFMOD.5
ACFMOD..4
ACFMOD.3
ACFMOD.2
ACFMOD.1
ACFMOD.0
SYMBOL
NAME
MFORMATB4 Acceptance Filter
Format Bank 4
AMODEB4
Acceptance Filter
Mode Bank 4
MFORMATB3 Acceptance Filter
Format Bank 3
AMODEB3
Acceptance Filter
Mode Bank 3
MFORMATB2 Acceptance Filter
Format Bank 2
AMODEB2
Acceptance Filter
Mode Bank 2
MFORMATB1 Acceptance Filter
Format Bank 1
AMODEB1
Acceptance Filter
Mode Bank 1
VALUE
1 (EFF)
Acceptance Filter Bank 4 is used for Extended Frame
Messages only, Standard Frame Messages are ignored
0 (SFF)
Acceptance Filter Bank 4 is used for Standard Frame
Messages only, Extended Frame Messages are ignored
1 (single) The Single Acceptance Filter option is enabled for filter
bank 4, -> one long filter is active
0 (dual)
The Dual Acceptance Filter option is enabled for filter
bank 4, -> two short filters are active
1 (EFF)
Acceptance Filter Bank 3 is used for Extended Frame
Messages only, Standard Frame Messages are ignored
0 (SFF)
Acceptance Filter Bank 3 is used for Standard Frame
Messages only, Extended Frame Messages are ignored
1 (single) The Single Acceptance Filter option is enabled for filter
bank 3, -> one long filter is active
0 (dual)
The Dual Acceptance Filter option is enabled for filter
bank 3, -> two short filters are active
1 (EFF)
Acceptance Filter Bank 2 is used for Extended Frame
Messages only, Standard Frame Messages are ignored.
0 (SFF)
Acceptance Filter Bank 2 is used for Standard Frame
Messages only, Extended Frame Messages are
ignored.
1 (single) The Single Acceptance Filter option is enabled for filter
bank 2, -> one long filter is active
0 (dual)
The Dual Acceptance Filter option is enabled for filter
bank 2, -> two short filters are active
1 (EFF)
Acceptance Filter Bank 1 is used for Extended Frame
Messages only, Standard Frame Messages are ignored
0 (SFF)
Acceptance Filter Bank 1 is used for Standard Frame
Messages only, Extended Frame Messages are ignored
1 (single) The Single Acceptance Filter option is enabled for filter
bank 1, -> one long filter is active
0 (dual)
2000 Jul 26
FUNCTION
48
The Dual Acceptance Filter option is enabled for filter
bank 1, -> two short filters are active
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
12.5.17.2 Acceptance Filter Enable Register
Each defined Acceptance Filter is enabled or disabled by a certain bit located within the Acceptance Filter Enable
Register. This allows to change the Acceptance Filter Contents “on the fly” during normal operation if the corresponding
filter is disabled previously. A disabled Acceptance Filter does not allow passing of messages to the receive buffer. If all
Acceptance Filters are disabled (default after hardware reset) no messages will pass to the receive buffer at all.
Table 33 Acceptance Filter Enable Register (ACF Enable) (CAN address 30)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
B4F2EN
B4F1EN
B3F2EN
B3F1EN
B2F2EN
B2F1EN
B1F2EN
B1F1EN
Table 34 Acceptance Filter Enable Register (ACF Enable)
BIT
SYMBOL
NAME
ACFEN.7
B4F2EN
Bank 4 Filter 2
Enable
ACFEN.6
B4F1EN
Bank 4 Filter 1
Enable
ACFEN.5
B3F2EN
Bank 3 Filter 2
Enable
ACFEN.4
B3F1EN
Bank 3 Filter 1
Enable
ACFEN.3
B2F2EN
Bank 2 Filter 2
Enable
ACFEN.2
B2F1EN
Bank 2 Filter 1
Enable
ACFEN.1
B1F2EN
Bank 1 Filter 2
Enable
ACFEN.0
B1F1EN
Bank 1 Filter 1
Enable
VALUE
FUNCTION
1 (enabled) Filter 2 of Bank 4 is enabled, no write access to
corresponding Mask and Code Registers is possible
0 (disabled) Filter 2 of Bank 4 is disabled, changing of corresponding
Mask and Code Registers is possible.
1 (enabled) Filter 1 of Bank 4 is enabled, no write access to
corresponding Mask and Code Registers is possible
0 (disabled) Filter 1 of Bank 4 is disabled, changing of corresponding
Mask and Code Registers is possible.
1 (enabled) Filter 2 of Bank 3 is enabled, no write access to
corresponding Mask and Code Registers is possible
0 (disabled) Filter 2 of Bank 3 is disabled, changing of corresponding
Mask and Code Registers is possible.
1 (enabled) Filter 1 of Bank 3 is enabled, no write access to
corresponding Mask and Code Registers is possible
0 (disabled) Filter 1 of Bank 3 is disabled, changing of corresponding
Mask and Code Registers is possible.
1 (enabled) Filter 2 of Bank 2 is enabled, no write access to
corresponding Mask and Code Registers is possible
0 (disabled) Filter 2 of Bank 2 is disabled, changing of corresponding
Mask and Code Registers is possible.
1 (enabled) Filter 1 of Bank 2 is enabled, no write access to
corresponding Mask and Code Registers is possible
0 (disabled) Filter 1 of Bank 2 is disabled, changing of corresponding
Mask and Code Registers is possible.
1 (enabled) Filter 2 of Bank 1 is enabled, no write access to
corresponding Mask and Code Registers is possible
0 (disabled) Filter 2 of Bank 1 is disabled, changing of corresponding
Mask and Code Registers is possible.
1 (enabled) Filter 1 of Bank 1 is enabled, no write access to
corresponding Mask and Code Registers is possible
0 (disabled) Filter 1 of Bank 1 is disabled, changing of corresponding
Mask and Code Registers is possible.
Note, if the Single Filter Mode is selected for an Acceptance Filter Bank, this single filter is related to the corresponding
Filter 1 Enable Bit. The Filter 2 Enable Bits have no influence within Single Filter Mode.
2000 Jul 26
49
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
12.5.17.3 Acceptance Filter Priority Register
For each available Acceptance Filter it could be defined, whether a receive interrupt is forced immediately if a message
passes a certain Acceptance Filter or whether the programmed Receive Interrupt Level should be used for interruption.
This allows to use certain Acceptance Filters for alarm message recognition interrupting the host CPU immediately.
Table 35 Acceptance Filter Priority Register (ACF Priority) (CAN address 31)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
B4F2PRIO
B4F1PRIO
B3F2PRIO
B3F1PRIO
B2F2PRIO
B2F1PRIO
B1F2PRIO
B1F1PRIO
Table 36 Acceptance Filter Priority Register (ACF Priority)
BIT
ACFPRIO.7
ACFPRIO.6
ACFPRIO.5
ACFPRIO.4
ACFPRIO.3
ACFPRIO.2
ACFPRIO.1
ACFPRIO.0
2000 Jul 26
SYMBOL
NAME
B4F2PRIO Bank 4 Filter 2
Priority
B4F1PRIO Bank 4 Filter 1
Priority
B3F2PRIO Bank 3 Filter 2
Priority
B3F1PRIO Bank 3 Filter 1
Priority
B2F2PRIO Bank 2Filter 2
Priority
B2F1PRIO Bank 2 Filter 1
Priority
B1F2PRIO Bank 1 Filter 2
Priority
B1F1PRIO Bank 1 Filter 1
Priority
VALUE
FUNCTION
1 (high)
A receive interrupt is generated immediately, if a message
passes Filter 2 within Acceptance Filter Bank 4
0 (low)
A receive interrupt is generated, if the FIFO level exceeds
the Receive Interrupt Level Register.
1 (high)
A receive interrupt is generated immediately, if a message
passes Filter 1 within Acceptance Filter Bank 4
0 (low)
A receive interrupt is generated, if the FIFO level exceeds
the Receive Interrupt Level Register.
1 (high)
A receive interrupt is generated immediately, if a message
passes Filter 2 within Acceptance Filter Bank 3
0 (low)
A receive interrupt is generated, if the FIFO level exceeds
the Receive Interrupt Level Register.
1 (high)
A receive interrupt is generated immediately, if a message
passes Filter 1 within Acceptance Filter Bank 3
0 (low)
A receive interrupt is generated, if the FIFO level exceeds
the Receive Interrupt Level Register.
1 (high)
A receive interrupt is generated immediately, if a message
passes Filter 2 within Acceptance Filter Bank 2
0 (low)
A receive interrupt is generated, if the FIFO level exceeds
the Receive Interrupt Level Register.
1 (high)
A receive interrupt is generated immediately, if a message
passes Filter 1 within Acceptance Filter Bank 2
0 (low)
A receive interrupt is generated, if the FIFO level exceeds
the Receive Interrupt Level Register.
1 (high)
A receive interrupt is generated immediately, if a message
passes Filter 2 within Acceptance Filter Bank 1
0 (low)
A receive interrupt is generated, if the FIFO level exceeds
the Receive Interrupt Level Register.
1 (high)
A receive interrupt is generated immediately, if a message
passes Filter 1 within Acceptance Filter Bank 1
0 (low)
A receive interrupt is generated, if the FIFO level exceeds
the Receive Interrupt Level Register.
50
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
12.5.17.4 Single Filter Configuration
accepted if there are no data bytes existing due to a set
RTR bit or if there is no or only one data byte because of
the corresponding data length code.
In this filter configuration one long filter (4-byte) could be
defined. The bit correspondences between the filter bytes
and the Message bytes depends on the programmed
Frame Format (see ACF Mode Register).
For a successful reception of a message, all single bit
comparisons have to signal acceptance. Note that the 4
least significant bits of AMR1 and ACR1 are not used. In
order to keep compatible with future products these bits
should be programmed to be “don‘t care” by setting
AMR1.3, AMR1.2, AMR1.1 and AMR1.0 to “1”.
Single Filter Standard Frame:
If the Standard Frame Format is selected, the complete
Identifier including the RTR bit and the first two data bytes
are used for acceptance filtering. Messages may also be
LSB MSB
5
4
3
7
6
4
3
2
1
unused
LSB MSB
Addr.: 21
0
5
5
AMR1
4
3
2
1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB MSB
Addr.: 22
0
0
AMR2
0
LSB
Addr.: 23
AMR3
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DB2.0
1
6
DB2.1
2
7
DB2.2
3
0
DB2.3
4
1
DB2.4
5
AMR0
2
DB2.5
6
6
LSB MSB
Addr.: 20
7
7
DB2.6
MSB
0
DB2.7
1
ACR3
DB1.0
2
LSB
Addr.: 19
DB1.1
3
ACR2
DB1.2
4
LSB MSB
Addr.: 18
DB1.3
5
ACR1
DB1.4
6
LSB MSB
Addr.: 17
DB1.5
7
ACR0
DB1.6
Addr.: 16
DB1.7
MSB
handbook, full pagewidth
P8xC591
RTR
ID.18
ID.19
ID.20
ID.21
ID.22
ID.23
ID.24
ID.25
ID.26
ID.27
ID.28
unused
MHI015
=
Message Bit
Acceptance Code Bit
DBx.y = Data Byte x, Bit y
≥1
[0]
&
Acceptance Mask Bit
1
0
[6]
accepted
not accepted
[7]
Fig.15 Single Filter Configuration, receiving Standard Frame Messages.
2000 Jul 26
51
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
Single Filter Extended Frame:
P8xC591
least significant bits of AMR3 and ACR3 are not used. In
order to keep compatible with future products these bits
should be programmed to be “don‘t care” by setting
AMR3.1 and AMR3.0 to “1”.
If the Extended Frame Format is selected, the complete
Identifier including the RTR bit is used for acceptance
filtering.
For a successful reception of a message, all single bit
comparisons have to signal acceptance. Note that the 2
MSB
handbook, full pagewidth
LSB MSB
Addr.: 16
7
6
5
ACR0
4
3
2
1
MSB
6
0
7
6
5
ACR1
4
3
2
1
LSB MSB
Addr.: 20
7
LSB MSB
Addr.: 17
5
AMR0
4
3
2
1
7
6
0
7
6
5
ACR2
4
3
2
1
LSB MSB
Addr.: 21
0
LSB MSB
Addr.: 18
5
AMR1
4
3
2
1
6
0
7
6
5
ACR3
4
3
2
1
5
AMR2
4
3
2
1
Addr.: 23
0
7
6
0
unused
LSB
LSB MSB
Addr.: 22
7
0
LSB
Addr.: 19
5
AMR3
4
3
2
1
0
ID.0
RTR
ID.1
ID.2
ID.3
ID.4
ID.6
ID.5
ID.7
ID.8
ID.9
ID.10
ID.11
ID.12
ID.13
ID.14
ID.15
ID.16
ID.17
ID.18
ID.19
ID.20
ID.21
ID.22
ID.23
ID.24
ID.25
ID.26
ID.27
ID.28
unused
MHI016
Message Bit
Acceptance Code Bit
=
≥1
[0]
&
Acceptance Mask Bit
1
0
[6]
accepted
not accepted
[7]
Fig.16 Single Filter Configuration, receiving Extended Frame Messages.
2000 Jul 26
52
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
12.5.17.5 Dual Filter Configuration
Dual Filter Standard Frame:
In this filter configuration two short filters could be defined.
A received message is compared with both filters to
decide, whether this message should be copied into the
Receive Buffer or not. If at least one of the filters signals an
acceptance, the received message becomes valid. The bit
correspondences between the filter bytes and the
message bytes depends on the currently received Frame
Format.
If the Standard Frame Format is selected, the two defined
filters are different. The first filter compares the complete
Standard Identifier including the RTR bit and the first Data
Byte of the message. The second filter just compares the
complete Standard Identifier including the RTR bit.
MSB
handbook, full pagewidth
LSB MSB
Addr.: 16
7
6
5
ACR0
4
3
2
LSB
Addr.: 17
1
0
7
6
5
LSB
ACR1
4
3
2
1
ACR3
0
3
2
1
0
Filter 1
LSB MSB
5
AMR2
2
1
Addr.: 23
0
7 6
LSB MSB
5
0
3
2
1
0
DB1.0
1
DB1.1
2
DB1.2
3
DB1.3
4
AMR3
DB1.4
5
DB1.5
6
DB1.6
3
7
ID.18
RTR
4
0
ID.19
3
1
LSB
AMR1
ID.20
ID.26
4
Addr.: 22
7 6
MSB
2
LSB
Addr.: 21
ID.21
3
ID.22
4
ID.23
5
ID.24
6
ID.25
7
ID.27
Message
AMR0
ID.28
Addr.: 20
DB1.7
MSB
AMR3
4
Filter 2
Addr.: 18
7
6
5
ACR2
2
1
Addr.: 19
0
7
6
5
ACR3
4
LSB MSB
MSB
[7]
Filter 1
.
.
.
≥1
Acceptance Mask Bit
Acceptance Code Bit
[6]
&
...
...
...
[0]
=
≥1
Message Bit
1
0
accepted
not accepted
=
Acceptance Code Bit
Acceptance Mask Bit
≥1
[0]
...
...
...
.
.
.
&
[6]
Filter 2
[7]
MHI017
Fig.17 Dual Filter Configuration, receiving Standard Frame Messages.
2000 Jul 26
53
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
For a successful reception of a message, all single bit
comparisons of at least one complete filter have to signal
acceptance. In case of a set RTR bit or a data length code
of “0” no data byte is existing. Nevertheless, a message
may pass Filter 1, if the first part up to the RTR bit signals
acceptance.
Dual Filter Extended Frame:
If the Extended Frame Format is selected, the two defined
filters are looking identically. Both filters are comparing the
first two bytes of the Extended Identifier range only.
For a successful reception of a message, all single bit
comparisons of at least one complete filter have to signal
acceptance.
If no data byte filtering is required for Filter 1, the four least
significant bits of AMR1 and AMR3 have to be set “1”
(don‘t care). Then both filters are working identically using
the standard identifier range including the RTR bit.
MSB
handbook, full pagewidth
LSB MSB
Addr.: 16
7
6
5
ACR0
4
3
2
LSB
Addr.: 17
1
0
7
6
P8xC591
5
ACR1
4
3
2
1
0
Filter 1
LSB MSB
5
4
3
4
3
AMR2
2
1
Addr.: 23
0
7 6
LSB MSB
5
2
1
0
ID.13
6
ID.14
7
ID.16
ID.24
0
ID.17
ID.25
3
5
1
ID.18
ID.26
4
Addr.: 22
7 6
MSB
2
ID.19
3
AMR1
ID.20
4
LSB
Addr.: 21
ID.21
5
ID.22
6
ID.23
7
ID.27
Message
AMR0
ID.28
Addr.: 20
ID.15
MSB
AMR3
2
1
0
LSB
Filter 2
Addr.: 18
7
6
5
ACR2
4
3
2
1
MSB
Addr.: 19
0
7
6
5
ACR3
4
3
2
LSB MSB
.
.
.
Acceptance Code Bit
[6]
≥1
Acceptance Mask Bit
0
LSB
&
[7]
Filter 1
1
...
...
...
[0]
=
≥1
Message Bit
1
0
accepted
not accepted
=
Acceptance Code Bit
Acceptance Mask Bit
≥1
[0]
...
...
...
.
.
.
&
[6]
Filter 2
[7]
MHI018
Fig.18 Dual Filter Configuration, receiving Extended Frame Messages.
2000 Jul 26
54
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
12.5.18 TRANSMIT BUFFER
12.5.18.1 Transmit Buffer Layout
The global layout of the Transmit Buffer is shown in Fig.19.
One has to distinguish between the Standard Frame
Format (SFF) and the Extended Frame Format (EFF)
configuration. The transmit buffer allows the definition of
one transmit message with up to eight data bytes.
It is subdivided into Descriptor and Data Field where the
first byte of the Descriptor Field is the Frame Information
Byte (Frame Info). It describes the Frame Format (SFF or
EFF), Remote or Data Frame and the Data Length. Two
identifier bytes for SFF and four bytes for EFF messages
follow. The Data Field contains up to eight data bytes. The
Transmit Buffer has a length of 13 bytes and is located in
the CAN address range from 112 to 124.
handbook, full pagewidth
CAN Address
Standard Frame Format (SFF)
112
TX Frame information
113
Extended Frame Format (EFF)
CAN Address
112
TX Frame information
TX Identifier 1
113
TX Identifier 1
114
TX Identifier 2
114
TX Identifier 2
115
TX Data byte 1
115
TX Identifier 3
116
TX Data byte 2
116
TX Identifier 4
117
TX Data byte 3
117
TX Data byte 1
118
TX Data byte 4
118
TX Data byte 2
119
TX Data byte 5
119
TX Data byte 3
120
TX Data byte 6
120
TX Data byte 4
121
TX Data byte 7
121
TX Data byte 5
122
TX Data byte 8
122
TX Data byte 6
123
unused
123
TX Data byte 7
124
unused
124
TX Data byte 8
MHI023
Fig.19 Transmit Buffer Layout for Standard and Extended Frame Format configurations.
2000 Jul 26
55
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
12.5.18.2 Descriptor Field of the Transmit Buffer
Standard Frame Format (SFF)
Addr. 112
TX Frame Information
7
6
5
4
FF
RTR
(0)
(0)
Addr 113
Extended Frame Format (EFF)
Addr. 112
3
2
1
0
DLC.3 DLC.2 DLC.1 DLC.0
TX Identifier 1
TX Frame Information
7
6
5
4
FF
RTR
(0)
(0)
Addr. 113
3
2
1
0
DLC.3 DLC.2 DLC.1 DLC.0
TX Identifier 1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ID.28
ID.27
ID.26
ID.25
ID.24
ID.23
ID.22
ID.21
ID.28
ID.27
ID.26
ID.25
ID.24
ID.23
ID.22
ID.21
Addr. 114
7
6
ID.20
ID.19
TX Identifier 2
5
Addr. 114
4
ID.18 (RTR)
3
2
1
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
ID.20
ID.19
ID.18
ID.17
ID.16
ID.15
ID.14
ID.13
Meaning of the Transmit Buffer Bits:
ID.x
FF
RTR
DLC.x
X
(0)
TX Identifier 2
Addr. 115
Identifier bit x
Frame Format
Remote Transmission Request
Data Length Code bit x
don’t care
don’t care, but recommended to be
compatible to Receive Buffer
TX Identifier 3
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ID.12
ID.11
ID.10
ID.9
ID.8
ID.7
ID.6
ID.5
Addr. 116
TX Identifier 4
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ID.4
ID.3
ID.2
ID.1
ID.0
(RTR)
(0)
(0)
Fig.20 Bit Layout Transmit Buffer.
This configuration is chosen to be compatible with the Receive Buffer Layout (see Section 12.5.19.1).
The values marked with “( )” in the Transmit Buffer should be set to the values expected in the Receive Buffer for an easy
comparison, only when using the Self Reception facility, otherwise they are don’t care.
Table 37 Frame Format (FF) and Remote Transmission Request (RTR) bits
BIT
FF
RTR
2000 Jul 26
VALUE
FUNCTION
1 (EFF)
Extended Frame Format will be transmitted by the CAN controller
0 (SFF)
Standard Frame Format will be transmitted by the CAN controller
1 (remote)
Remote Frame will be transmitted by the CAN controller
0 (data)
Data Frame will be transmitted by the CAN controller
56
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
12.5.18.3 Data Length Code (DLC)
The number of bytes in the Data Field of a message is
coded by the Data Length Code. At the start of a Remote
Frame transmission the Data Length Code is not
considered due to the RTR bit being ‘1’ (remote). This
forces the number of transmitted/received data bytes to be
0. Nevertheless, the Data Length Code must be specified
correctly to avoid bus errors, if two CAN controllers start a
Remote Frame transmission with the same identifier
simultaneously.
The range of the Data Byte Count is 0 to 8 bytes and is
coded as follows:`
DataByteCount = 8 × DLC.3 + 4 × DLC.2 + 2 × DLC.1 + DLC.0
For reasons of compatibility no Data Length Code > 8
should be used. If a value greater than 8 is selected, 8
bytes are transmitted in the data frame with the Data
Length Code specified in DLC.
12.5.18.4 Identifier (ID)
In Standard Frame Format (SFF) the Identifier consists of
11 bits (ID.28 to ID.18) and in Extended Frame Format
(EFF) messages the identifier consists of 29 bits (ID.28 to
ID.0). ID.28 is the most significant bit, which is transmitted
first on the bus during the arbitration process. The
Identifier acts as the message’s name, used in a receiver
for acceptance filtering, and also determines the bus
access priority during the arbitration process. The lower
the binary value of the Identifier the higher the priority. This
is due to the larger number of leading dominant bits during
arbitration.
12.5.18.5 Data Field
The number of transferred data bytes is defined by the
Data Length Code. The first bit transmitted is the most
significant bit of data byte 1 at address 115 (SFF) or
address 117 (EFF).
2000 Jul 26
57
P8xC591
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
12.5.19 RECEIVE BUFFER
The global layout of the Receive Buffer is very similar to the Transmit Buffer described in the previous chapter. The
Receive Buffer is the accessible part of the RXFIFO and is located in the range between CAN Address 96 and 108. Each
message is subdivided into a Descriptor and a Data Field.
handbook, full pagewidth
message 3
receive
FIFO
108
107
message 2
106
105
104
103
102
101
100
incoming
messages
receive
buffer
window
message 1
99
98
97
96
MHI019
Message 1 is now available in the Receive Buffer
Note that message 2 should not be read until it has been shifted to address 96 by a Release Receive
Buffer Command because this message may be in process now and due to this not fixed.
Fig.21 Example of the message storage within the RXFIFO.
2000 Jul 26
58
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
12.5.19.1 Descriptor File of the Receive Buffer
Identifier, Frame Format, Remote Transmission Request bit and Data Length Code have the same meaning as described
in the Transmit Buffer.
Standard Frame Format (SFF)
Addr. 96
Extended Frame Format (EFF)
RX Frame Information
7
6
5
4
FF
RTR
0
0
Addr. 97
3
Addr. 96
2
1
0
DLC.3 DLC.2 DLC.1 DLC.0
RX Identifier 1
RX Frame Information
7
6
5
4
FF
RTR
0
0
Addr. 97
3
2
1
0
DLC.3 DLC.2 DLC.1 DLC.0
RX Identifier 1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ID.28
ID.27
ID.26
ID.25
ID.24
ID.23
ID.22
ID.21
ID.28
ID.27
ID.26
ID.25
ID.24
ID.23
ID.22
ID.21
Addr. 98
RX Identifier 2
Addr. 98
RX Identifier 2
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ID.20
ID.19
ID.18
RTR
0
0
0
0
ID.20
ID.19
ID.18
ID.17
ID.16
ID.15
ID.14
ID.13
Meaning of the Receive Buffer Bits:
ID.x
FF
RTR
DLC.x
Addr. 99
Identifier bit x
Frame Format
Remote Transmission Request
Data Length Code bit x
RX Identifier 3
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ID.12
ID.11
ID.10
ID.9
ID.8
ID.7
ID.6
ID.5
Addr. 100
RX Identifier 4
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ID.4
ID.3
ID.2
ID.1
ID.0
RTR
0
0
Fig.22 Bit Layout Receive Buffer.
Note:
It depends on the data length how many CAN messages
can fit in the RXFIFO at one time. If there is not enough
space for a new message within the RXFIFO, the CAN
controller generates a Data Overrun condition the moment
this message becomes valid and the acceptance test was
positive. A message that is partly written into the RXFIFO,
when the Data Overrun situation occurs, is deleted. This
situation is signalled to the CPU via the Status Register
and the Data Overrun Interrupt, if enabled.
The received Data Length Code located in the Frame
Information Byte represents the real sent Data Length
Code, which may be greater than 8 (depends on
transmitting CAN node). Nevertheless, the maximum
number of received data bytes is 8. This should be taken
into account by reading a message from the Receive
Buffer.
2000 Jul 26
59
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
Mode 3 9-bit UART, Variable Baud Rate:
11 bits are transmitted (through TxD) or received
(through RxD): start bit (0), 8 data bits (LSB first),
a programmable 9th data bit, and a stop bit (1). In
fact, Mode 3 is the same as Mode 2 in all respects
except baud rate. The baud rate in Mode 3 is
variable.
13 SERIAL I/O
The P8xC591 is equipped with three independent serial
ports: CAN, SIO0 and SIO1. SIO0 is a Standard Serial
Interface UART with enhanced functionality. In following
there will be one Section describing the Standard UART
functionality and an extra Section for Enhanced UART.
SIO1 accommodates the I2C bus.
In all four modes, transmission is initiated by any
instruction that uses S0BUF as a destination register.
Reception is initiated in Mode 0 by the condition RI = 0 and
REN = 1. Reception is initiated in the other modes by the
incoming start bit if REN = 1.
14 SIO0 STANDARD SERIAL INTERFACE UART
The serial port is full duplex, meaning it can transmit and
receive simultaneously. It is also receive-buffered,
meaning it can commence reception of a second byte
before a previously received byte has been read from the
register. (However, if the first byte still hasn’t been read by
the time reception of the second byte is complete, one of
the bytes will be lost.) The serial port receive and transmit
registers are both accessed at Special Function Register
transmit registers are both accessed at Special Function
Register S0BUF. Writing to S0BUF loads the transmit
register, and reading S0BUF accesses a physically
separate receive register.
14.1
Multiprocessor Communications
Modes 2 and 3 have a special provision for multiprocessor
communications. In these modes, 9 data bits are received.
The 9th one goes into RB8. Then comes a stop bit. The
port can be programmed such that when the stop bit is
received, the serial port interrupt will be activated only if
RB8 = 1. This feature is enabled by setting bit SM2 in
SCON. A way to use this feature in multiprocessor
systems is as follows:
The serial port can operate in 4 modes (one synchronous
mode, three asynchronous modes). The baud rate clock
for the serial port is derived from the oscillator frequency
(mode 0, 2) or generated either by timer 1 or by dedicated
baud rate generator (mode 1, 3).
When the master processor wants to transmit a block of
data to one of several slaves, it first send out an address
byte which indentifies the target slave. An address byte
differs from a data byte in that the 9th bit is 1 in an address
byte and 0 in a data byte. With SM2 = 1, no slave will be
interrupted by a data byte. An address byte, however, will
interrupt all slaves, so that each slave can examine the
received byte and see if it is being addressed. The
addressed slave will clear its SM2 bit and prepare to
receive the data bytes that will be coming. The slaves that
weren’t being addressed leave their SM2s set and go on
about their business, ignoring the coming data bytes.
Mode 0 Shift Register (Synchronous) Mode:
Serial data enters and exits through RxD. TxD
outputs the shift clock. 8 bits are transmitted/
received (LSB first). The baud rate is fixed 1⁄6 the
oscillator frequency.
Mode 1 8-bit UART, Variable Baud Rate:
10 bits are transmitted (through TxD) or received
(through RxD): a start bit (0), 8 data bits (LSB
first), and a stop bit (1). On receive, the stop bit
goes into RB8 in Special Function Register
SCON. The baud rate is variable.
SM2 has no effect in Mode 0, and in Mode 1 can be used
to check the validity of the stop bit. In a Mode 1 reception,
if SM2 = 1, the receive interrupt will not be activated unless
a valid stop bit is received.
Mode 2 9-bit UART, Fixed Baud Rate:
11 bits are transmitted (through TxD) or received
(through RxD): start bit (0), 8 data bits (LSB first),
a programmable 9th data bit, and a stop bit (1).
On Transmit, the 9th data bit (TB8 in SCON) can
be assigned the value of 0 or 1. Or, for example,
the parity bit (P, in the PSW) could be moved into
TB8. On receive, the 9th data bit goes into RB8 in
Special Function Register SCON, while the stop
bit ignored. The baud rate is programmable to
either 1⁄16 or 1⁄32 the oscillator frequency.
2000 Jul 26
P8xC591
14.2
Serial Port Control Register
The serial port control and status register is the Special
Function Register SCON, shown in Table 38, 40 and 41.
This register contains not only the mode selection bits, but
also the 9th data bit for transmit and receive (TB8 and
RB8), and the serial port interrupt bits (TI and RI).
S0BUF is the receive and transmit buffer of serial
interface. Writing to S0BUF loads the transmit register and
initiates transmission. Reading out S0BUF accesses a
physically separate receive register.
60
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
14.3
Baud Rate Generation
P8xC591
divided by 16 - results in the actual “baud rate”. However,
all formulas given in the following section already include
the factor and calculate the final baud rate. Further, the
abbreviation fCLK refers to the external clock frequency
(oscillator or external input clock operation).
There are several possibilities to generate the baud rate
clock for the serial port depending on the mode in which it
is operating.
For clarification some terms regarding the difference
between “baud rate clock” and “baud rate” should be
mentioned. The serial interface requires a clock rate which
is 16 times the baud rate for internal synchronization.
Therefore, the baud rate generators have to provide a
“baud rate clock” to the serial interface which - there
The baud rate of the serial port is controlled by the two bits
SPS and SMOD1 which are located in the Special
Function Registers S0PSH and PCON. In SFRs S0PSH
and S0PSL the prescaler load value of the internal baud
rate generator can be programmed (see Table 38 to 43).
INTERNAL BAUD RATE GENERATOR PRESCALER S0PSH, S0PSL
14.3.1
Table 38 Internal Baud Rate Generator Prescaler Low Register S0PSL (address FAH)
Prescaler load value
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
prescaler load value
Table 39 Description of S0PSL bits
BIT
SYMBOL
7 to 0
−
DESCRIPTION
Baud reload low value. Lower 8 bits of the baud rate timer reload value.
Table 40 Internal Baud Rate Generator Prescaler High Register S0PSH (address FBH)
Prescaler higher nibble load value
7
6
5
4
SPS
−
−
−
3
2
1
0
higher nibble load value
Table 41 Description of S0PSH bits
BIT
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
7
SPS
6 to 4
3 to 0
−
−
Baud rate generator enable. When set, the baud rate of serial interface is derived from
the dedicated baud rate generator. When cleared (default after reset), baud rate is derived
from the Timer 1 overflow rate.
Reserved.
Baud rate generator reload high value. Upper four bits of the baud rate timer value.
PCON FOR THE INTERNAL BAUD RATE GENERATOR
14.3.2
Table 42 PCON (address 87H)
Prescaler load value
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SMOD1
SMOD0
(POF)
(WLE)
(GF1)
(GF0)
(PD)
(IDL)
Table 43 Description of SMOD1 and SMOD0 bits
BIT
SYMBOL
7
SMOD1
6
5 to 0
2000 Jul 26
DESCRIPTION
Double Baud rate. When set, the baud rate of serial interface is modes 1, 2, 3 is
doubled. After reset this bit is cleared.
SMOD0
Double Baud rate. Selects SM0/FE for SCON.7 bit.
(POF) to (IDL) Description refer to Section 11.3.5 “Power Control Register (PCON)”.
61
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
14.3.3
P8xC591
BAUD RATE GENERATION OVERVIEW OF OPTIONS
Depending on the programmed operating mode different paths are selected for the baud rate clock generation. Figure 23
shows the dependencies of the serial port baud rate clock generation on the two control bits and from the mode which
is selected in the Special Function Register SCON:
handbook, full pagewidth
TIMER 1
overflow
S0PSH.7
(SPS)
BAUD
RATE
GENERATOR
f CLK
(S0PSH
S0PSL)
SCON.7
SCON.6
(SM0/FE)
mode 1
mode 3
0
PCON.7
(SMOD1)
÷2
0
BAUD
RATE
CLOCK
1
1
mode 2
MHI024
mode 0
÷6
only one
mode can be selected
Note: The switch configuration shows the reset state.
Fig.23 Baud Rate Generation for the Serial Port.
2000 Jul 26
62
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
14.3.4
14.3.7
BAUD RATE IN MODE 0
oscillator frequency
Mode 0 baud rate = ------------------------------------------------------6
BAUD RATE IN MODE 2
The baud rate in Mode 2 depends on the value of bit
SMOD1 in Special Function Register PCON. If SMOD1 =
0 (which is the value after reset), the baud rate is 1⁄32 of
oscillator frequency. If SMOD1 = 1, the baud rate is 1⁄16 of
the oscillator frequency:
The baud rate generator consists of its own free running
upward counting 12-bit timer. On overflow of this timer
(next count step after counter value FFFH) there is an
automatic 12-bit reload from the registers S0PSL and
S0PSH. The lower 8 bits of the timer are reloaded from
S0PSL, while the upper four bits are reloaded from bit 0 to
3 of register S0PSH. The baud rate timer is reloaded by
writing to S0PSH.
SMOD1
2
Mode 2 baud rate = -------------------- × oscillator frequency
32
14.3.6
USING THE INTERNAL BAUD RATE GENERATOR
In Modes 1 and 3, the P8xC591 can use an internal baud
rate generator for the serial port. To enable this feature, bit
SPS (bit 7 of Special Function Register S0PSH) must be
set. Bit SMOD1 (PCON.7) controls a divide-by-2 circuit
which affect the input and output clock signal of the baud
rate generator. After reset the divide-by-2 circuit is active
and the resulting overflow output clock will be divided by 2.
The input clock of the baud rate generator is fCLK.
The baud rate in Mode 0 is fixed to:
14.3.5
P8xC591
BAUD RATE IN MODE 1 AND 3
In these modes the baud rate is variable and can be
generated alternatively by a baud rate generator or by
Timer 1.
BAUD RATE
handbook, full pagewidth
S0PSH .3 .2 .1 .0
S0PSL
PCON.7
(SMOD1)
f CLK
overflow
input
clock
12 BIT TIMER
÷2
0
BAUD
RATE
CLOCK
1
MHI025
Note: The switch configuration shows the reset state.
Fig.24 Serial Port Input Clock when using the Baud Rate Generator.
2000 Jul 26
63
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
With the baud rate generator as clock source for the serial
port in Mode 1 and Mode 3, the baud rate of can be
determined as follows:
SMOD1
2
Mode 1, 3 baud rate = -------------------- × (timer 1 overflow rate)
32
The Timer 1 interrupt is usually disabled in this application.
Timer 1 itself can be configured for either “timer” or
“counter” operation, and in any of its operating modes. In
most typical applications, it is configured for “timer”
operation in the auto-reload (high nibble of TMOD =
0010B). In this case the baud rate is given by the formula:
Mode 1, 3 baud rate =
SMOD1
2
× osciillator frequency
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32 × (baud rate generator overflow rate)
Baud rate generator overflow rate =
212
SMOD1
× oscillator frequency
2
Mode1, 3 baud rate = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------32 × 6 × ( 256 – ( TH1 ) )
- S0PS with S0PS = S0PSH.3 - 0, S0PSL.7 - 0.
S0PS: Baud Rate Generator Prescaler load value
Very low baud rates can be achieved with Timer 1 if
leaving the Timer 1 interrupt enabled, configuring the timer
to run as 16-bit timer (high nibble of TMOD = 0001B), and
using the Timer 1 interrupt for a 16-bit software reload.
Table 47 lists baud rates and how they can be obtained
from the Internal Baud Rate Generator.
USING TIMER 1 TO GENERATE BAUD RATES
14.3.8
P8xC591
Table 49 lists lower baud rates and how they can be
obtained from Timer 1.
In Mode 1 and 3 of the serial port also timer 1 can be used
for generating baud rates. Then the baud rate is
determined by the timer 1 overflow rate and the value of
SMOD1 as follows:
Table 44 Serial Port Control Register SCON (address)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SM0
SM1
SM2
REN
TB8
RB8
TI
RI
Table 45 Description of S0PSH and S0PSL bits
BIT
SYMBOL
7
SM0
See Table 46.
6
SM1
See Table 46.
5
SM2
Enables the multiprocessor communication feature in Modes 2 and 3. In Mode 2 or
3, if SM2 is set to 1, then RI will not be activated if the received 9th data bit (RB8) is 0. In
Mode 1, if SM2 = 1 then RI will not be activated if a valid stop bit was not received. In
Mode 0, SM2 should be 0.
4
REN
Enables serial reception. Set by software to enable reception. Clear by software to
disable reception.
3
TB8
The 9th data bit that will be transmitted in Modes 2 and 3. Set or clear by software as
desired.
2
RB8
In Modes 2 and 3, is the 9th data bit that was received. In Mode 1, if SM2 = 0, RB8 is
the stop bit that was received. In Mode 0, RB8 is not used.
1
TI
Transmit interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in Mode 0, or at
the beginning of the stop bit in the other modes, in any serial transmission. Must be
cleared by software.
0
RI
Receive interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in Mode 0, or
halfway through the stop bit time in the other modes, in any serial reception (except see
SM2). Must be cleared by software.
2000 Jul 26
DESCRIPTION
64
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
Table 46 Serial port mode select
SM0
SM1
MODE
DESCRIPTION
0
0
Mode 0
Shift register
0
1
Mode 1
8-bit UART
1
0
Mode 2
9-bit UART
1
1
Mode 3
9-bit UART
BAUD RATE
1⁄
6
× fCLK
variable
1⁄ or 1⁄
32
16
× fCLK
variable
Table 47 Internal baud rate timer generated baud rates
INTERNAL BAUD RATE TIMER
BAUD RATE
(KBits/s)
fCLK (MHz)
SPS
750
12
1
500
8
250
250
SMOD1
DEVIATION %
MODE
RELOAD VALUE
1
0
1/3
FFFh
1
1
0
1/3
FFFh
8
1
0
0
1/3
FFFh
8
1
1
0
1/3
FFEh
57.6
12
1
1
0.16
1/3
FF3h
38.4
8
1
1
0.16
1/3
FF3h
19.2
12
1
1
0.16
1/3
FD9h
9.6
12
1
1
0.16
1/3
FB2h
4.8
12
1
1
0.16
1/3
F64h
2.4
12
1
1
0.16
1/3
EC8h
0.11
8
1
0
−0.01
1/3
71Fh
SPS
SMOD1
Table 48 Timer 1 generated baud rates
INTERNAL BAUD RATE TIMER
BAUD RATE
(KBits/s)
fCLK (MHz)
110
12
0
0
110
4
0
1
110
4
0
0
0.21
2000 Jul 26
DEVIATION %
65
MODE
RELOAD VALUE
0.03
1
FDC8h
−0.06
1
FE85h
2
43h
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
14.4
More About Mode 1
More about UART Modes
Ten bits are transmitted (through TxD), or received
(through RxD): a start bit (0), 8 data bits (LSB first), and a
stop bit (1). On receive, the stop bit goes into RB8 in
SCON. In the 80C51 the baud rate is determined by the
Timer 1 overflow rate.
More About Mode 0
Serial data enters and exits through RxD. TxD outputs the
shift clock. 8 bits are transmitted/received: 8 data bits (LSB
first). The baud rate is fixed a 1⁄6 the oscillator frequency.
Figure 25 shows a simplified functional diagram of the
serial port in Mode 0, and associated timing.
Figure 25 shows a simplified functional diagram of the
serial port in Mode1, and associated timings for transmit
receive.
Transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses
S0BUF as a destination register. The “write to S0BUF”
signal at S6P2 also loads a 1 into the 9th position of the
transmit shift register and tells the TX Control block to
commence a transmission. The internal timing is such that
one full machine cycle will elapse between “write to
S0BUF” and activation of SEND.
Transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses
S0BUF as a destination register. The “write to S0BUF”
signal also loads a1 into the 9th bit position of the transmit
shift register and flags the TX Control unit that a
transmission is requested. Transmission actually
commences at S1P1 of the machine cycle following the
next rollover in the divide-by-16 counter. (Thus, the bit
times are synchronized to the divide-by-16 counter, not to
the “write to S0BUF” signal.)
SEND enables the output of the shift register to the
alternate output function line of P3.0 and also enable
SHIFT CLOCK to the alternate output function line of P3.1.
SHIFT CLOCK is low during S3, S4, and S5 of every
machine cycle, and high during S6, S1 and S2. At S6P2 of
every machine cycle in which SEND is active, the contents
of the transmit shift are shifted to the right one position.
The transmission begins with activation of SEND which
puts the start bit at TxD. One bit time later, DATA is
activated, which enables the output bit of the transmit shift
register to TxD. The first shift pulse occurs one bit time
after that.
As data bits shift out to the right, zeros come in from the
left. When the MSB of the data byte is at the output
position of the shift register, then the 1 that was initially
loaded into the 9th position, is just to the left of the MSB,
and all positions to the left of that contain zeros. This
condition flags the TX Control block to do one last shift and
then deactivate SEND and set T1. Both of these actions
occur at S1P1 of the 10th machine cycle after “write to
S0BUF”.
As data bits shift out to the right, zeros are clocked in from
the left. When the MSB of the data byte is at the output
position of the shift register, then the 1 that was initially
loaded into the 9th position is just to the left of the MSB,
and all positions to the left of that contain zeros. The
condition flags the TX Control unit to do one last shift and
then deactivate SEND and set TI. This occurs at the 10th
divide-by-16 rollover after “write to S0BUF”.
Reception is initiated by the condition REN = 1 and
R1 = 0. At S6P2 of the next machine cycle, the RX Control
unit writes the bits 11111110 to the receive shift register,
and in the next clock phase activates RECEIVE.
Reception is initiated by a detected 1-to-0 transition at
RxD. For this purpose RxD is sampled at a rate of 16 times
whatever baud rate has been established. When a
transition is detected, the divide-by-16 counter is
immediately reset, and 1 FFH is written into the input shift
register. Resetting the divide-by-16 counter aligns its
rollovers with the boundaries of the incoming bit times.
RECEIVE enable SHIFT CLOCK to the alternate output
function line of P3.1. SHIFT CLOCK makes transitions at
S3P1 and S6P1 of every machine cycle. At S6P2 of every
machine cycle. At S6P2 of every machine cycle in which
RECEIVE is active, the contents of the receive shift
register are shifted to the left one position. The value that
comes in from the right is the value that was sampled at
the P3.0 pin at S5P2 of the same machine cycle.
The 16 states of the counter divide each bit time into 16ths.
At the 7th, 8th, and 9th counter states of each bit time, the
bit detector samples the value of RxD. The value accepted
is the value that was seen in at least 2 of the 3 samples.
This is done for noise rejection. If the value accepted
during the first bit time is not 0, the receive circuits are
reset and the unit goes back to looking for another 1-to-0
transition. This is to provide rejection of false start bits. If
the start bit proves valid, it shifted into the input shift
register, and reception of the rest of the frame will proceed.
As data bits come in from the right, 1s shift out to the left.
When the 0 that was initially loaded into the weightiness
position arrives at the left most position in the shift register,
it flags the RX Control block to do one last shift and load
S0BUF. At S1P1 of the 10th machine cycle after the write
to SCON that cleared RI, RECEIVE is cleared as RI is set.
2000 Jul 26
P8xC591
66
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
and then deactivate SEND and set TI. This occurs at the
11th divide-by-16 rollover after “write to SUBF”.
As data bits come in from the right, 1s shift out to the left.
When the start bit arrives at the left most position in the
shift register (which in Mode 1 is a 9-bit register), it flags
the RX Control block to do one last shift, load S0BUF and
RB8, and set RI. The signal to load S0BUF and RB8, and
to set RI, will be generated if, and only if, the following
conditions are met at the time the final shift pulse is
generated:
Reception is initiated by a detected 1-to-0 transition at
RxD. For this purpose RxD is sampled at a rate of 16 times
whatever baud rate has been established. When a
transition is detected, the divide-by-16 counter is
immediately reset, and 1FFH is written to the input shift
register.
1. RI = 0, and
At the 7th, 8th, and 9th counter states of each bit time, the
bit detector samples the value of R-D. The value accepted
is the value that was seen in at least 2 of the 3 samples. If
the value accepted during the first bit time is not 0, the
receive circuits are reset and the unit goes back to looking
for another 1-to-0 transition. If the start bit proves valid, it
is shifted into the input shift register, and reception of the
rest of the frame will proceed.
2. Either SM2 = 0, or the received stop bit = 1.
If either of these two conditions is not met, the received
frame is irretrievably lost. If both conditions are met, the
stop bit goes into RB8, the 8 data bits go into S0BUF, and
RI is activated. At this time, whether the above conditions
are met or not, the unit goes back to looking for a 1-to-0
transition in RxD.
As data bits come in from the right, 1s shift out to the left.
When the start bit arrives at the left most position in the
shift register (which in Modes 2 and 3 is a 9-bit register), it
flags the RX Control block to do one last shift, load S0BUF
and RB8, and set RI.
More About Modes 2 and 3
Eleven bits are transmitted (through TxD), or received
(through RxD): a start bit (0), 8 data bits (LSB first), a
programmable 9th data bit, and a stop bit (1). On transmit,
the 9th data bit (TB8) can be assigned the values of 0 or 1.
On receive, the 9the data bit goes into RB8 in SCON. The
baud rate is programmable to either 1⁄16 or 1⁄32 the
oscillator frequency in Mode 2. Mode 3 may have a
variable baud rate generated from Timer 1.
The signal to load S0BUF and RB8, and to set RI, will be
generated if, and only if, the following conditions are met
at the time the final shift pulse is generated.
1. RI = 0, and
2. Either SM2 = 0, or the received 9th data bit = 1.
Figure 25 show a functional diagram of the serial port in
Modes 2 and 3. The receive portion is exactly the same as
in Mode 1. The transmit portion differs from Mode 1 only in
the 9th bit of the transmit shift register.
If either of these conditions is not met, the received frame
is irretrievably lost, and RI is not set. If both conditions are
met, the received 9th data bit goes into RB8, and the first 8
data bits go into S0BUF. One bit time later, whether the
above conditions were met or not, the unit goes back to
looking for a 1-to-0 transition at the RxD input.
Transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses
S0BUF as a destination register. The “write to S0BUF”
signal also loads TB8 into the 9th bit position of the transmit
shift register and flags the TX Control unit that a
transmission is requested. Transmission commences at
S1P1 of the machine cycle following the next rollover in the
divide-by-16 counter. (Thus, the bit times are
synchronized to the divide-by-16 counter, not to the “write
to SUB” signal).
The transmission begins with activation of SEND, which
puts the start bit at TxD. One bit time later, DATA is
activated, which enables the output bit of the transmit shift
register to TxD. The first shift pulse occurs one bit time
after that. The first shift clocks a 1 (the stop bit) into the 9th
bit position of the shift register. Thereafter, only zeros are
clocked in. Thus, as data bit shift out to the right, zeros are
clocked in from the left. When TB8 is at the output position
of the shift register, then the stop bit is just to the left of
TB8, and all positions to the left of that contain zeros.
This condition flags the TX Control unit to do one last shift
2000 Jul 26
P8xC591
67
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
handbook, full pagewidth
P8xC591
80C51 INTERNAL BUS
write to SBUF
RxD
P3.0 Alt
output
function
S
D
Q
CL
SBUF
ZERO DETECTOR
Start
Shift
TX CONTROL
S6
TX Clock
Send
T1
TxD
P3.1 Alt
output
function
serial port interrupt
R1
RX Clock
SHIFT
CLOCK
Receive
RX CONTROL
REN
RI
Shift
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
Start
LSB
MSB
RxD
P3.0 Alt
input
function
INPUT SHIFT REGISTER
shift
load SBUF
LSB
MSB
SBUF
read SBUF
80C51 INTERNAL BUS
S4 . . S1 . . . . S6 S1 . . . . S6 S1 . . . . S6 S1 . . . . S6 S1 . . . . S6 S1 . . . . S6 S1 . . . . S6 S1 . . . . S6 S1 . . . . S6 S1 . . . . S6 S1
ALE
Write to SBUF
Send
S6P2
Shift
Transmit
RxD (Data Out)
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
TxD (Shift Clock)
S6P1
S3P1
TI
Write to SCON (Clear RI)
RI
Receive
Shift
RxD (Data In)
Receive
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
S5P2
TxD (Shift Clock)
MHI026
Fig.25 Serial Port Mode 0.
2000 Jul 26
68
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
handbook, full pagewidth
P8xC591
80C51 INTERNAL BUS
TB8
write to SBUF
D
CL
S
Q
SBUF
TxD
ZERO DETECTOR
Shift
Start
÷ 16
BAUD RATE CLOCK
Data
TX CONTROL
TX Clock
Send
T1
serial port interrupt
÷ 16
sample
RX Clock
1-to-0
TRANSITION
DETECTOR
Start
R1
load
SBUF
RX CONTROL
Shift
1FFH
BIT DETECTOR
RxD
INPUT SHIFT REGISTER
(9 BITS)
shift
load SBUF
SBUF
read SBUF
80C51 INTERNAL BUS
TX Clock
write to SBUF
Send
Data
S1P1
Transmit
Shift
TxD
Start
bit
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
Stop bit
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
Stop bit
TI
÷ 16 Reset
RX Clock
RxD
Start
bit
Bit detector sample times
Receive
Shift
RI
MHI027
Fig.26 Serial Port Mode 1.
2000 Jul 26
69
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
handbook, full pagewidth
P8xC591
80C51 INTERNAL BUS
TB8
write to SBUF
D
CL
S
Q
SBUF
TxD
ZERO DETECTOR
Stop bit
Shift
Data
Start gen.
TX CONTROL
Send
TX Clock
T1
÷ 16
BAUD RATE CLOCK
serial port interrupt
÷ 16
sample
RX Clock
1-to-0
TRANSITION
DETECTOR
Start
R1
load
SBUF
RX CONTROL
Shift
1FFH
BIT DETECTOR
RxD
INPUT SHIFT REGISTER
(9 BITS)
shift
load SBUF
SBUF
read SBUF
80C51 INTERNAL BUS
TX Clock
write to SBUF
Send
Data
S1P1
Transmit
Shift
TxD
Start
bit
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
TB8
Stop bit
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
TB8
Stop bit
TI
Stop bit gen.
÷16 Reset
RX Clock
RxD
Start
bit
Bit detector sample times
Receive
Shift
RI
MHI028
Fig.27 Serial Port Mode 2 and 3.
2000 Jul 26
70
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
14.5
Enhanced UART
14.5.1
P8xC591
AUTOMATIC ADDRESS RECOGNITION
Automatic Address Recognition is a feature which allows
the UART to recognize certain addresses in the serial bit
stream by using hardware to make the comparisons. This
feature saves a great deal of software overhead by
eliminating the need for the software to examine every
serial address which passes by the serial port. This feature
is enabled by setting the SM2 bit in S0CON. In the 9 bit
UART modes, mode 2 and mode 3, the Receive Interrupt
flag (RI) will be automatically set when the received byte
contains either the “Given” address or the “Broadcast”
address. The 9 bit mode requires that the 9th information
bit is a 1 to indicate that the received information is an
address and not data. Automatic address recognition is
shown in Figure 29.
The UART operates in all of the usual modes that are
described in the Section of Standard Serial Interface,
80C51-Based 8-Bit Microcontrollers. In addition the UART
can perform framing error detect by looking for missing
stop bits, and automatic address recognition. The UART
also fully supports multiprocessor communication as does
the standard 80C51 UART.
When used for framing error detect the UART looks for
missing stop bits in the communication. A missing bit will
set the FE bit in the S0CON register. The FE bit shares the
S0CON.7 bit with SM0 and the function of S0CON.7 is
determined by PCON.6 (SMOD0) see Table 50. If SMOD0
is set then S0CON.7 functions as FE. S0CON.7 functions
as SM0 when SMOD0 is cleared. When as FE S0CON.7
can only be cleared by software. Refer to Figure 25.
The 8 bit mode is called Mode 1. In this mode the RI flag
will be set if SM2 is enabled and the information received
has a valid stop bit following the 8 address bits and the
information is either a Given or Broadcast address.
SERIAL PORT CONTROL REGISTER (S0CON)
14.5.2
Table 49 Serial Port Control Register (address 98H)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SM0/FE
SM1
SM2
REN
TB8
RB8
TI
RI
Table 50 Description of S0CON bits
BIT
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
7
FE
Framing Error bit. This bit is set by the receiver when an invalid stop bit is detected. The FE
bit is not cleared by valid frames but should be cleared by software.
SM0
Serial Port Mode Bit 0, (SMOD0 must = 0 to access bit SM0), see Table 46.
6
SM1
These bits are used to select the serial port mode; see Table 46.
5
SM2
Enables the Automatic Address Recognition feature in Modes 2 and 3. If SM2 = 1, then RI
will not be set unless the received 9th data bit (RB8) is a logic 1, indicating an address, and the
received byte is a Given or Broadcast Address. In Mode 1, if SM2 = 1, then RI will not be
activated unless a valid stop bit was not received, and the received byte is a Given or
Broadcast Address. In Mode 0, SM2 should be a logic 0.
4
REN
Enables serial reception. Set by software to enable reception. Clear by software to disable
reception.
3
TB8
The 9th data bit that will be transmitted in Modes 2 and 3. Set or clear by software as desired.
2
RB8
In modes 2 and 3, the 9th data bit that was received. In Mode 1, if SM2 = 0, RB8 is the stop bit
that was received. In Mode 0, RB8 is not used.
1
TI
Transmit Interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in Mode 0, or at the
beginning of the stop bit in the other modes, in any serial transmission. Must be cleared by
software.
0
RI
Receive Interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in Mode 0, or halfway
through the stop bit time in the other modes, in any serial reception (except see SM2). Must
be cleared by software.
2000 Jul 26
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Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
handbook, full pagewidth
D0
D1
D2
D3
START
bit
D4
D5
D6
P8xC591
D7
D8
STOP
only
bit
in
MODE 2, 3
DATA byte
Set FE BIT if STOP BIT is 0 (FRAMING ERROR)
SM0 to UART MODE CONTROL
SM0/FE
SM1
SM2
REN
TB8
RB8
TI
RI
SCON
(98H)
SMOD1
SMOD0
POF
WLE
GF1
GF0
PD
IDL
PCON
(87H)
0 : S0CON.7 = SM0
1 : S0CON.7 = FE
MHI029
Fig.28 UART Framing Error Detection.
handbook, full pagewidth
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
SM0
SM1
1
1
1
0
RECEIVED ADDRESS D0 TO D7
PROGRAMMED ADDRESS
D5
SM2
1
D6
D7
D8
REN
TB8
RB8
1
X
TI
COMPARATOR
MHI030
In UART Mode 2 or Mode 3 and SM2 = 1:
Interrupt if REN = 1, RB8 = 1 and “Received Address” = “Programmed Address”
± when own address received, clear SM2 to receive data bytes
± when all data bytes have been received: set SM2 to wait for next address.
Fig.29 UART Multiprocessor Communication, Automatic Address Recognition.
2000 Jul 26
RI
72
SCON
(98H)
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
In the above example the differentiation among the 3
Slaves is in the lower 3 address bits. Slave 0 requires that
bit 0 = 0 and it can be uniquely addressed by 1110 0110.
Slave 1 requires that bit 1 = 0 and it can be uniquely
addressed by 1110 and 0101. Slave 2 requires that bit 2 =
0 and its unique address is 1110 0011. To select Slaves 0
and 1 and exclude Slave 2 use address 1110 0100, since
it is necessary to make bit 2 = 1 to exclude Slave 2.
Mode 0 is the Shift Register mode and SM2 is ignored.
Using the Automatic Address Recognition feature allows a
master to selectively communicate with one or more
slaves by invoking the Given slave address or addresses.
All of the slaves may be contacted by using the Broadcast
address. All of the slaves may be contacted by using the
Broadcast address. Two Special Function Registers are
used to define the slave’s address, SADDR, and the
address mask, SADEN. SADEN is used to define which
bits in the SADDR are to be used and which bits are “don’t
care”. The SADEN mask can be logically ANDed with the
SADDR to create the “Given” address which the master
will use for addressing each of the slaves. Use of the Given
address allows multiple slaves to be recognized while
excluding others. The following examples will help to show
the versatility of this scheme:
Slave 0
SADDR =
SADEN =
Given
=
1100 0000
1111 1101
1100 00X0
Slave 1
SADDR =
SADEN =
Given
=
1100 0000
1111 1110
1100 000X
The Broadcast Address for each slave is created by taking
the logical OR of SADDR and SADEN. Zeros in this result
are trended as don’t cares. In most cases, interpreting the
don’t-cares as ones, the broadcast address will be FF
hexadecimal.
Upon reset SADDR (SFR address 0A9H) and SADEN
(SFR address 0B9H) are leaded with 0s. This produces a
given address of all “don’t cares” as well as a Broadcast
address of all “don’t cares”. This effectively disables the
Automatic Addressing mode and allows the
microcontroller to use standard 80C51 type UART drivers
which do not make use of this feature.
15 SIO1, I2C SERIAL IO
In the above example SADDR is the same and the SADEN
data is used to differentiate between the two salves. Slave
0 requires as 0 in bit 0 and it ignores bit 1. Slave 1 requires
a 0 in bit 1 and bit 0 is ignored. A unique address for Slave
0 would be 1100 0010 since slave 1 requires a 0 in bit 1. A
unique address for Slave 1 would be 1100 0001 since a 1
in bit 0 will exclude slave 0. Both slaves can be selected at
the same time by an address which has bit 0 = 0 (for Slave
0) and bit 1 = 0 (for Slave 1). Thus, both could be
addressed with 1100 0000.
The I2C bus uses two wires (SDA and SCL) to transfer
information between devices connected to the bus. The
main features of the bus are:
• Bidirectional data transfer between masters and slaves
• Multimaster bus (no central master)
• Arbitration between simultaneously transmitting
masters without corruption of serial data on the bus
• Serial clock synchronization allows devices with
different bit rates to communicate via one serial bus
In a more complex system the following could be used to
select Slaves 1 and 2 while excluding Slave 0:
Slave 0
SADDR =
SADEN =
Given
=
1100 0000
1111 1001
1100 0XX0
Slave 1
SADDR =
SADEN =
Given
=
1110 0000
1111 1010
1110 0X0X
Slave 2
SADDR =
SADEN =
Given
=
1110 0000
1111 1100
1110 00XX
2000 Jul 26
P8xC591
• Serial clock synchronization can be used as a
handshake mechanism to suspend and resume serial
transfer
• The I2C bus may be used for test and diagnostic
purposes
The I/O pins P1.6 and P1.7 must be set to Open Drain
(SCL and SDA).
The 8xC591 on-chip I2C logic provides a serial interface
that meets the I2C bus specification. The SIO1 logic
handles bytes transfer autonomously. It also keeps track
of serial transfers, and a status register (S1STA) reflects
the status of SIO1 and the I2C bus.
73
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
The CPU interfaces to the I2C logic via the following four
special function registers: S1CON (SIO1 control register),
S1STA (SIO1 status register), S1DAT (SIO1 data
register), and S1ADR (SIO1 slave address register). The
SIO1 logic interfaces to the external I2C bus via two port 1
pins: P1.6/SCL (serial clock line) and P1.7/SDA (serial
data line).
2. Master Receiver Mode:
The first byte transmitted contains the slave address of
the transmitting device (7 bits) and the data direction
bit. In this case the data direction bit (R/W) will be logic
1, and we say that an “R” is transmitted. Thus the first
byte transmitted is SLA+R. Serial data is received via
P1.7/SDA while P1.6/SCL outputs the serial clock.
Serial data is received 8 bits at a time. After each byte
is received, an acknowledge bit is transmitted. START
and STOP conditions are output to indicate the
beginning and end of a serial transfer.
A typical I2C bus configuration is shown in Figure 30, and
Figure 31 shows how a data transfer is accomplished on
the bus. Depending on the state of the direction bit (R/W),
two types of data transfers are possible on the I2C bus:
3. Slave Receiver Mode:
Serial data and the serial clock are received through
P1.7/SDA and P1.6/SCL. After each byte is received,
an acknowledge bit is transmitted. START and STOP
conditions are recognized as the beginning and end of
a serial transfer. Address recognition is performed by
hardware after reception of the slave address and
direction bit.
1. Data transfer from a master transmitter to a slave
receiver. The first byte transmitted by the master is the
slave address. Next follows a number of data bytes.
The slave returns an acknowledge bit after each
received byte.
2. Data transfer from a slave transmitter to a master
receiver. The first byte (the slave address) is
transmitted by the master. The slave then returns an
acknowledge bit. Next follows the data bytes
transmitted by the slave to the master. The master
returns an acknowledge bit after all received bytes
other than the last byte. At the end of the last received
byte, a not acknowledge is returned.
4. Slave Transmitter Mode:
The first byte is received and handled as in the slave
receiver mode. However, in this mode, the direction bit
will indicate that the transfer direction is reversed.
Serial data is transmitted via P1.7/SDA while the serial
clock is input through P1.6/SCL. START and STOP
conditions are recognized as the beginning and end of
a serial transfer.
The master device generates all of the serial clock pulses
and the START and STOP conditions. A transfer is ended
with a STOP condition or with a repeated START
condition. Since a repeated START condition is also the
beginning of the next serial transfer, the I2C bus will not be
released.
15.1
In a given application, SIO1 may operate as a master and
as a slave. In the slave mode, the SIO1 hardware looks for
its own slave address and the general call address. If one
of these addresses is detected, an interrupt is requested.
When the microcontroller wishes to become the bus
master, the hardware waits until the bus is free before the
master mode is entered so that a possible slave action is
not interrupted. If bus arbitration is lost in the master mode,
SIO1 switches to the slave mode immediately and can
detect its own slave address in the same serial transfer.
Modes of Operation
The on-chip SIO1 logic may operate in the following four
modes:
1. Master Transmitter Mode:
Serial data output through P1.7/SDA while P1.6/SCL
outputs the serial clock. The first byte transmitted
contains the slave address of the receiving device (7
bits) and the data direction bit. In this case the data
direction bit (R/W) will be logic 0, and we say that a “W”
is transmitted. Thus the first byte transmitted is
SLA+W. Serial data is transmitted 8 bits at a time. After
each byte is transmitted, an acknowledge bit is
received. START and STOP conditions are output to
indicate the beginning and the end of a serial transfer.
2000 Jul 26
P8xC591
74
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
VDD
handbook, full pagewidth
RP
RP
SDA
I2C-bus
SCL
P1.7/SDA
P1.6/SCL
OTHER DEVICE WITH
I2C INTERFACE
8xC591
OTHER DEVICE WITH
I2C INTERFACE
MHI031
Fig.30 Typical I2C Bus configuration.
handbook, full pagewidth
STOP
condition
MSB
SDA
repeated
START
condition
R/W
direction
bit
slave address
acknowledgment
signal from receiver
acknowledgment
signal from receiver
SCL
S
1
2
7
8
9
ACK
clock line held low while
interrupts are serviced
1
2
3-8
repeated if more bytes
are transferred
START
condition
Fig.31 Data Transfer on the I2C Bus.
2000 Jul 26
75
9
ACK
P/S
MHI032
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
15.2
15.2.4
SIO1 Implementation and Operation
Figure 32 shows how the on-chip I2C bus interface is
implemented, and the following text describes the
individual blocks.
15.2.1
INPUT FILTERS AND OUTPUT STAGES
The output stages consist of open drain transistors that
can sink 3 mA at VOUT < 0.4 V. These open drain outputs
do have clamping diodes to VDD. Thus, precautions have
to be considered, if a powered-down 8xC591 on one board
clamps the I2C bus externally.
ADDRESS REGISTER, S1ADR
This 8-bit special function register may be loaded with the
7-bit slave address (7 most significant bits) to which SIO1
will respond when programmed as a slave transmitter or
receiver. The LSB (GC) is used to enable general call
address (00H) recognition.
15.2.3
COMPARATOR
The comparator compares the received 7-bit slave
address with its own slave address (7 most significant bits
in S1ADR). It also compares the first received 8-bit byte
with the general call address (00H). If an equality is found,
the appropriate status bits are set and an interrupt is
requested.
2000 Jul 26
SHIFT REGISTER, S1DAT
This 8-bit special function register contains a byte of serial
data to be transmitted or a byte which has just been
received. Data in S1DAT is always shifted from right to left;
the first bit to be transmitted is the MSB (bit 7) and, after a
byte has been received, the first bit of received data is
located at the MSB of S1DAT. While data is being shifted
out, data on the bus is simultaneously being shifted in;
S1DAT always contains the last byte present on the bus.
Thus, in the event of lost arbitration, the transition from
master transmitter to slave receiver is made with the
correct data in S1DAT.
The input filters have I2C compatible input levels. If the
input voltage is less than 1.5 V, the input logic level is
interpreted as 0; if the input voltage is greater than 3.0 V,
the input logic level is interpreted as 1. Input signals are
synchronized with the internal clock (fCLK/4), and spikes
shorter than three oscillator periods are filtered out.
15.2.2
P8xC591
76
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
handbook, full pagewidth
P8xC591
8
P1.7
S1ADR
ADDRESS REGISTER
COMPARATOR
INPUT
FILTER
P1.7/SDA
OUTPUT
STAGE
S1DAT
SHIFT REGISTER
ACK
ARBITRATION &
SYNC LOGIC
INPUT
FILTER
TIMING
&
CONTROL
LOGIC
P1.6/SCL
OUTPUT
STAGE
1/4 fOSC
SERIAL CLOCK
GENERATOR
INTERRUPT
TIMER 1
OVERFLOW
P1.6
S1CON
CONTROL REGISTER
8
STATUS
DECODER
STATUS BITS
S1STA
STATUS REGISTER
8
MHI033
Fig.32 I2C Bus Interface Block Diagram.
2000 Jul 26
77
INTERNAL BUS
8
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
15.2.5
The synchronization logic will synchronize the serial clock
generator with the clock pulses on the SCL line from
another device. If two or more master devices generate
clock pulses, the mark duration is determined by the
device that generates the shortest marks, and the space
duration is determined by the device that generates the
longest spaces. Figure 34 shows the synchronization
procedure.
ARBITRATION AND SYNCHRONIZATION LOGIC
In the master transmitter mode, the arbitration logic checks
that every transmitted logic 1 actually appears as a logic 1
on the I2C bus. If another device on the bus overrules a
logic 1 and pulls the SDA line low, arbitration is lost, and
SIO1 immediately changes from master transmitter to
slave receiver. SIO1 will continue to output clock pulses
(on SCL) until transmission of the current serial byte is
complete.
A slave may stretch the space duration to slow down the
bus master. The space duration may also be stretched for
handshaking purposes. This can be done after each bit or
after a complete byte transfer. SIO1 will stretch the SCL
space duration after a byte has been transmitted or
received and the acknowledge bit has been transferred.
The serial interrupt flag (SI) is set, and the stretching
continues until the serial interrupt flag is cleared.
Arbitration may also be lost in the master receiver mode.
Loss of arbitration in this mode can only occur while SIO1
is returning a not acknowledge: (logic 1) to the bus.
Arbitration is lost when another device on the bus pulls this
signal LOW. Since this can occur only at the end of a serial
byte, SIO1 generates no further clock pulses. Figure 33
shows the arbitration procedure.
handbook, full pagewidth
(1)
P8xC591
(1)
(3)
(2)
SDA
SCL
1
2
3
4
8
9
ACK
MHI034
(1) Another device transmits identical serial data.
(2) Another device overrules a logic 1 (dotted line) transmitted by SIO1 (master) by pulling the SDA line low. Arbitration is lost,
and SIO1 enters the slave receiver mode.
(3) SIO1 is in the slave receiver mode but still generates clock pulses until the current byte has been transmitted. SIO1 will not
generate clock pulses for the next byte. Data on SDA originates from the new master once it has won arbitration.
Fig.33 Arbitration Procedure.
2000 Jul 26
78
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
handbook, full pagewidth
P8xC591
SDA
(1)
(3)
(1)
SCL
MHI035
(2)
mark
duration
space duration
(1) Another service pulls the SCL line low before the SIO “mask” duration is complete. The serial clock generator
is immediately reset and commences with the “space” duration by pulling SCL low.
(2) Another device still pulls the SCL line low after SIO1 releases SCL. The serial clock generator is forced into
the wait state until the SCL line is released.
(3) The SCL line is released, and the serial clock generator commences with the mark duration.
Fig.34 Serial Clock Synchronization.
15.2.6
15.2.9
SERIAL CLOCK GENERATOR
This programmable clock pulse generator provides the
SCL clock pulses when SIO1 is in the master transmitter
or master receiver mode. It is switched off when SIO1 is in
a slave mode. The programmable output clock
frequencies are: fCLK/120, fCLK/9600, and the Timer 1
overflow rate divided by eight. The output clock pulses
have a 50% duty cycle unless the clock generator is
synchronized with other SCL clock sources as described
above.
15.2.7
The status decoder takes all of the internal status bits and
compresses them into a 5-bit code. This code is unique for
each I2C bus status. The 5-bit code may be used to
generate vector addresses for fast processing of the
various service routines. Each service routine processes a
particular bus status. There are 26 possible bus states if all
four modes of SIO1 are used. The 5-bit status code is
latched into the five most significant bits of the status
register when the serial interrupt flag is set (by hardware)
and remains stable until the interrupt flag is cleared by
software. The three least significant bits of the status
register are always zero. If the status code is used as a
vector to service routines, then the routines are displaced
by eight address locations. Eight bytes of code is sufficient
for most of the service routines (see the software example
in this section).
TIMING AND CONTROL
The timing and control logic generates the timing and
control signals for serial byte handling. This logic block
provides the shift pulses for S1DAT, enables the
comparator, generates and detects start and stop
conditions, receives and transmits acknowledge bits,
controls the master and slave modes, contains interrupt
request logic, and monitors the I2C bus status.
15.2.8
15.2.10 THE FOUR SIO1 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
The microcontroller interfaces to SIO1 via four special
function registers. These four SFRs (S1ADR, S1DAT,
S1CON, and S1STA) are described individually in the
following sections.
CONTROL REGISTER, S1CON
This 7-bit special function register is used by the
microcontroller to control the following SIO1 functions:
start and restart of a serial transfer, termination of a serial
transfer, bit rate, address recognition, and
acknowledgment.
2000 Jul 26
STATUS DECODER AND STATUS REGISTER
79
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
15.2.10.1 The Address Register, S1ADR
P8xC591
significant bit is set, the general call address (00H) is
recognized; otherwise it is ignored.
The CPU can read from and write to this 8-bit, directly
addressable SFR. S1ADR is not affected by the SIO1
hardware. The contents of this register are irrelevant when
SIO1 is in a master mode. In the slave modes, the seven
most significant bits must be loaded with the
microcontrollers own slave address, and, if the least
The most significant bit corresponds to the first bit received
from the I2C bus after a start condition. A logic 1 in S1ADR
corresponds to a high level on the I2C bus, and a logic 0
corresponds to a low level on the bus.
Table 51 Address Register S1ADR (address DBH)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
GC
Table 52 Description of S1ADR (DBH) bits
BIT
SYMBOL
7 to 1
X
0
GC
DESCRIPTION
Own slave address.
0 = general call address is not recognized.
1 = general call address is recognized.
15.2.11 THE DATA REGISTER, S1DAT
acknowledge bit. The ACK flag is controlled by the SIO1
hardware and cannot be accessed by the CPU. Serial data
is shifted through the ACK flag into S1DAT on the rising
edges of serial clock pulses on the SCL line. When a byte
has been shifted into S1DAT, the serial data is available in
S1DAT, and the acknowledge bit is returned by the control
logic during the ninth clock pulse. Serial data is shifted out
from S1DAT via a buffer (BSD7) on the falling edges of
clock pulses on the SCL line.
S1DAT contains a byte of serial data to be transmitted or
a byte which has just been received. The CPU can read
from and write to this 8-bit, directly addressable SFR while
it is not in the process of shifting a byte. This occurs when
SIO1 is in a defined state and the serial interrupt flag is set.
Data in S1DAT remains stable as long as SI is set. Data in
S1DAT is always shifted from right to left: the first bit to be
transmitted is the MSB (bit 7), and, after a byte has been
received, the first bit of received data is located at the MSB
of S1DAT. While data is being shifted out, data on the bus
is simultaneously being shifted in; S1DAT always contains
the last data byte present on the bus. Thus, in the event of
lost arbitration, the transition from master transmitter to
slave receiver is made with the correct data in S1DAT.
When the CPU writes to S1DAT, BSD7 is loaded with the
content of S1DAT.7, which is the first bit to be transmitted
to the SDA line (see Figure 36). After nine serial clock
pulses, the eight bits in S1DAT will have been transmitted
to the SDA line, and the acknowledge bit will be present in
ACK. Note that the eight transmitted bits are shifted back
into S1DAT.
S1DAT and the ACK flag form a 9-bit shift register which
shifts in or shifts out an 8-bit byte, followed by an
Table 53 Address Register S1DAT (address DAH)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SD7
SD6
SD5
SD4
SD3
SD2
SD1
SD0
Table 54 Description of S1DAT (DAH) bits
BIT
SYMBOL
7 to 0
SD7 to SD0
2000 Jul 26
DESCRIPTION
Eight bits to be transmitted or just received. A logic 1 in S1DAT corresponds to a high
level on the I2C bus, and a logic 0 corresponds to a low level on the bus. Serial data
shifts through S1DAT from right to left. Figure 35 shows how data in S1DAT is serially
transferred to and from the SDA line.
80
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
15.2.12 THE CONTROL REGISTER, S1CON
The CPU can read from and write to this 8-bit, directly addressable SFR. Two bits are affected by the SIO1 hardware:
the SI bit is set when a serial interrupt is requested, and the STO bit is cleared when a STOP condition is present on the
I2C bus. The STO bit is also cleared when ENS1 = 0.
Table 55 Address Register S1CON (address D8H)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CR2
ENS1
STA
STO
SI
AA
CR1
CR0
Table 56 Description of S1CON (D8H) bits
BIT
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
7
CR2
6
ENS1
5
STA
START flag. When this bit is set in slave mode, the hardware checks the I2C-bus and generates
a START condition if the bus is free or after the bus becomes free. If the device operates in
master mode it will generate a repeated START condition.
4
STO
STOP flag. If this bit is set in a master mode a STOP condition is generated. A STOP condition
detected on the I2C-bus clears this bit. This bit may also be set in slave mode in order to recover
from an error condition. In this case no STOP condition is generated to the I2C-bus, but the
hardware releases the SDA and SCL lines and switches to the not selected receiver mode. The
STOP flag is cleared by the hardware.
3
SI
Clock rate bit 2, see Table 57.
Enable serial I/O. ENS1 = 0: I2C I/O disabled and reset. ENS1 = 1: serial I/O enabled.
Serial Interrupt flag. This flag is set and an interrupt request is generated, after any of the
following events occur:
• A START condition is generated in master mode.
• The own slave address has been received during AA = 1.
• The general call address has been received while S1ADR.0 and AA = 1.
• A data byte has been received or transmitted in master mode (even if arbitration is lost).
• A data byte has been received or transmitted as selected slave.
• A STOP or START condition is received as selected slave receiver or transmitter.
While the SI flag is set, SCL remains LOW and the serial transfer is suspended. SI must be reset
by software.
2
AA
Assert Acknowledge flag. When this bit is set, an acknowledge is returned after any one of the
following conditions:
• Own slave address is received.
• General call address is received (S1ADR.0 = 1).
• A data byte is received, while the device is programmed to be a master receiver.
• A data byte is received. while the device is a selected slave receiver.
When the bit is reset, no acknowledge is returned. Consequently, no interrupt is requested when
the own address or general call address is received.
1
CR1
0
CR0
2000 Jul 26
Clock rate bits 1 and 0; see Table 57.
81
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
15.2.12.1 ENS1, the SIO1 enable bit
15.2.12.3 STO, the STOP Flag
ENS1 = “0”: When ENS1 is “0”, the SDA and SCL input
signals are ignored, SIO1 is in the not addressed slave
state, and the STO bit in S1CON is forced to 0. No other
bits are affected.
STO = “1”: When the STO bit is set while SIO1 is in a
master mode, a STOP condition is transmitted to the I2C
bus. When the STOP condition is detected on the bus, the
SIO1 hardware clears the STO flag. In a slave mode, the
STO flag may be set to recover from an error condition. In
this case, no STOP condition is transmitted to the I2C bus.
However, the SIO1 hardware behaves as if a STOP
condition has been received and switches to the defined
not addressed slave receiver mode. The STO flag is
automatically cleared by hardware.
ENS1 = “1”: When ENS1 is 1, I2C is enabled. Note, that
P1.6 and P1.7 have to set to Open Drain by writing the Port
mode registers P1M1.x and P1M2.x bits 6 and 7 with a 1
(see Section 6.2 “Pin description”).
ENS1 should not be used to temporarily release SIO1 from
the I2C bus since, when ENS1 is reset, the I2C bus status
is lost. The AA flag should be used instead (see
description of the AA flag in the following text).
If the STA and STO bits are both set, the a STOP condition
is transmitted to the I2C bus if SIO1 is in a master mode (in
a slave mode, SIO1 generates an internal STOP condition
which is not transmitted). SIO1 then transmits a START
condition.
In the following text, it is assumed that ENS1 = 1.
15.2.12.2 STA, the START flag
STO = “0”: When the STO bit is reset, no STOP condition
will be generated.
STA = “1”: When the STA bit is set to enter a master mode,
the SIO1 hardware checks the status of the I2C bus and
generates a START condition if the bus is free. If the bus
is not free, then SIO1 waits for a STOP condition (which
will free the bus) and generates a START condition after a
delay of a half clock period of the internal serial clock
generator.
If STA is set while SIO1 is already in a master mode and
one or more bytes are transmitted or received, SIO1
transmits a repeated START condition. STA may be set at
any time. STA may also be set when SIO1 is an addressed
slave.
STA = “0”: When the STA bit is reset, no START condition
or repeated START condition will be generated.
2000 Jul 26
82
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
handbook, full pagewidth
INTERNAL BUS
SDA
8
BSD7
S1DAT
ACK
SCL
SHIFT PULSES
MHI036
Fig.35 Serial Input/Output Configuration.
handbook, full pagewidth
SDA
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
A
SCL
SHIFT ACK & S1DAT
SHIFT
IN
ACK
S1DAT
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
A
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
SHIFT
OUT
SHIFT BSD7
BSD7
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
(3)
MHI037
loaded by the CPU
(1) Valid data in S1DAT.
(2) Shifting data in S1DAT and ACK.
(3) High level on SDA.
Fig.36 Shift-in and Shift-out Timing.
2000 Jul 26
D0
83
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
15.2.12.4 SI, the Serial Interrupt Flag
When SIO1 is in the not addressed slave mode, its own
slave address and the general call address are ignored.
Consequently, no acknowledge is returned, and a serial
interrupt is not requested. Thus, SIO1 can be temporarily
released from the I2C bus while the bus status is
monitored. While SIO1 is released from the bus, START
and STOP conditions are detected, and serial data is
shifted in. Address recognition can be resumed at any time
by setting the AA flag. If the AA flag is set when the parts
own slave address or the general call address has been
partly received, the address will be recognized at the end
of the byte transmission.
SI = “1”: When the SI flag is set, then, if the EA and ES1
(interrupt enable register) bits are also set, a serial
interrupt is requested. SI is set by hardware when one of
25 of the 26 possible SIO1 states is entered. The only state
that does not cause SI to be set is state F8H, which
indicates that no relevant state information is available.
While SI is set, the low period of the serial clock on the SCL
line is stretched, and the serial transfer is suspended. A
high level on the SCL line is unaffected by the serial
interrupt flag. SI must be reset by software.
SI = 0: When the SI flag is reset, no serial interrupt is
requested, and there is no stretching of the serial clock on
the SCL line.
15.2.12.6 CR0, CR1, and CR2, the Clock Rate Bits
These three bits determine the serial clock frequency
when SIO1 is in a master mode. The various serial rates
are shown in Table 57.
15.2.12.5 AA, the Assert Acknowledge flag
AA = “1”: If the AA flag is set, an acknowledge (low level to
SDA) will be returned during the acknowledge clock pulse
on the SCL line when:
A 12.5 kHz bit rate may be used by devices that interface
to the I2C bus via standard I/O port lines which are
software driven and slow. 100kHz is usually the maximum
bit rate and can be derived from a 16 MHz, 12 MHz, or a
6 MHz oscillator. A variable bit rate (0.5 kHz to 62.5 kHz)
may also be used if Timer 1 is not required for any other
purpose while SIO1 is in a master mode.
• The “own slave address” has been received
• The general call address has been received while the
general call bit (GC) in S1ADR is set
• A data byte has been received while SIO1 is in the
master receiver mode
The frequencies shown in Table 57 are unimportant when
SIO1 is in a slave mode. In the slave modes, SIO1 will
automatically synchronize with any clock frequency up to
100 kHz.
• A data byte has been received while SIO1 is in the
addressed slave receiver mode
AA = “0”: if the AA flag is reset, a not acknowledge (high
level to SDA) will be returned during the acknowledge
clock pulse on SCL when:
• A data has been received while SIO1 is in the master
receiver mode
• A data byte has been received while SIO1 is in the
addressed slave receiver mode
When SIO1 is in the addressed slave transmitter mode,
state C8H will be entered after the last serial is transmitted
(see Figure 40). When SI is cleared, SIO1 leaves state
C8H, enters the not addressed slave receiver mode, and
the SDA line remains at a high level. In state C8H, the AA
flag can be set again for future address recognition.
2000 Jul 26
P8xC591
84
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
15.2.13 THE STATUS REGISTER, S1STA
P8xC591
interrupt is requested. All other S1STA values correspond
to defined SIO1 states. When each of these states is
entered, a serial interrupt is requested (SI = “1”). A valid
status code is present in S1STA one machine cycle after
SI is set by hardware and is still present one machine cycle
after SI has been reset by software.
S1STA is an 8-bit read-only special function register. The
three least significant bits are always zero. The five most
significant bits contain the status code. There are 26
possible status codes. When S1STA contains F8H, no
relevant state information is available and no serial
Table 57 Serial clock rate
CR2
CR1
CR0
0
0
0
0
0
BIT FREQUENCY (kHz) at fCLK
1
fCLK DIVIDED BY
6 MHz
8 MHz
12 MHz
47
62.5
94
128
71
107(1)
112
96
54
0
1
0
63
83.3
125(1)
0
1
1
75
100
150(1)
80
1
0
0
12.5
17
25
480
100
133(1)
200(1)
60
0
200
267(1)
400(1)
30
1
0.49 > 62.5
0 < 254
0.65 < 55.6
0 < 253
0.98 < 50.0
0 < 251
48 x (256 (reload value Timer 1))
Reload value Timer 1 in Mode 2.
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
Note
1. These frequencies exceed the upper limit of 100 kHz of the standard I2C-bus specification.
15.2.14 MORE INFORMATION ON SIO1 OPERATING MODES
In Figures 37 to 40, circles are used to indicate when the
serial interrupt flag is set. The numbers in the circles show
the status code held in the S1STA register. At these points,
a service routine must be executed to continue or
complete the serial transfer. These service routines are
not critical since the serial transfer is suspended until the
serial interrupt flag is cleared by software.
The four operating modes are:
• Master Transmitter
• Master Receiver
• Slave Receiver
• Slave Transmitter
When a serial interrupt routine is entered, the status code
in S1STA is used to branch to the appropriate service
routine. For each status code, the required software action
and details of the following serial transfer are given in
Tables 61 to 65.
Data transfers in each mode of operation are shown in
Figures 37 to 40. These figures contain the following
abbreviations:
Abbreviation Explanation
S
Start condition
SLA
7-bit slave address
R
Read bit (high level at SDA)
W
Write bit (low level at SDA)
A
Acknowledge bit (low level at SDA)
A
Not acknowledge bit (high level at SDA)
Data
8-bit data byte
P
Stop condition
2000 Jul 26
15.2.14.1 Master Transmitter Mode:
In the master transmitter mode, a number of data bytes are
transmitted to a slave receiver (see Figure 37). Before the
master transmitter mode can be entered, S1CON must be
initialized as in Table 58.
CR0, CR1, and CR2 define the serial bit rate. ENS1 must
be set to logic 1 to enable SIO1. If the AA bit is reset, SIO1
will not acknowledge its own slave address or the general
call address in the event of another device becoming
85
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
SI bit in S1CON must then be reset before the serial
transfer can continue.
master of the bus. In other words, if AA is reset, SIO0
cannot enter a slave mode. STA, STO, and SI must be
reset.
When the slave address and the direction bit have been
transmitted and an acknowledgment bit has been
received, the serial interrupt flag (SI) is set again, and a
number of status codes in S1STA are possible. There are
18H, 20H, or 38H for the master mode and also 68H, 78H,
or B0H if the slave mode was enabled (AA = logic 1). The
appropriate action to be taken for each of these status
codes is detailed in Table 61. After a repeated start
condition (state 10H). SIO1 may switch to the master
receiver mode by loading S1DAT with SLA+R).
The master transmitter mode may now be entered by
setting the STA bit using the SETB instruction. The SIO1
logic will now test the I2C bus and generate a start
condition as soon as the bus becomes free. When a
START condition is transmitted, the serial interrupt flag
(SI) is set, and the status code in the status register
(S1STA) will be 08H. This status code must be used to
vector to an interrupt service routine that loads S1DAT with
the slave address and the data direction bit (SLA+W). The
Table 58 Address Register S1CON (address D8H)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CR2
ENS1
STA
STO
SI
AA
CR1
CR0
bit rate
1
0
0
0
X
15.2.14.2 Master Receiver Mode
The upper 7 bits are the address to which SIO1 will
respond when addressed by a master. If the LSB (GC) is
set, SIO1 will respond to the general call address (00H);
otherwise it ignores the general call address.
In the master receiver mode, a number of data bytes are
received from a slave transmitter (see Figure 38). The
transfer is initialized as in the master transmitter mode.
When the start condition has been transmitted, the
interrupt service routine must load S1DAT with the 7-bit
slave address and the data direction bit (SLA+R). The SI
bit in S1CON must then be cleared before the serial
transfer can continue.
CR0, CR1, and CR2 do not affect SIO1 in the slave mode.
ENS1 must be set to logic 1 to enable SIO1. The AA bit
must be set to enable SIO1 to acknowledge its own slave
address or the general call address. STA, STO, and SI
must be reset.
When S1ADR and S1CON have been initialized, SIO1
waits until it is addressed by its own slave address
followed by the data direction bit which must be “0” (W) for
SIO1 to operate in the slave receiver mode. After its own
slave address and the W bit have been received, the serial
interrupt flag (I) is set and a valid status code can be read
from S1STA. This status code is used to vector to an
interrupt service routine, and the appropriate action to be
taken for each of these status codes is detailed in
Table 63. The slave receiver mode may also be entered if
arbitration is lost while SIO1 is in the master mode (see
status 68H and 78H).
When the slave address and the data direction bit have
been transmitted and an acknowledgment bit has been
received, the serial interrupt flag (SI) is set again, and a
number of status codes in S1STA are possible. These are
40H, 48H, or 38H for the master mode and also 68H, 78H,
or B0H if the slave mode was enabled (AA = logic 1). The
appropriate action to be taken for each of these status
codes is detailed in Table 62. ENS1, CR1, and CR0 are
not affected by the serial transfer and are not referred to in
Table 62. After a repeated start condition (state 10H),
SIO1 may switch to the master transmitter mode by
loading S1DAT with SLA+W.
If the AA bit is reset during a transfer, SIO1 will return a not
acknowledge (logic 1) to SDA after the next received data
byte. While AA is reset, SIO1 does not respond to its own
slave address or a general call address. However, the I2C
bus is still monitored and address recognition may be
resumed at any time by setting AA. This means that the AA
bit may be used to temporarily isolate SIO1 from the I2C
bus.
15.2.14.3 Slave Receiver Mode:
In the slave receiver mode, a number of data bytes are
received from a master transmitter (see Figure 39). To
initiate the slave receiver mode, S1ADR and S1CON must
be loaded as in Table 59.
2000 Jul 26
bit rate
86
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
Table 59 Address Register S1ADR (DBH) (address 00H)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
GC
own slave address
Table 60 Address Register S1CON (D8H) (address 00H)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CR2
ENS1
STA
STO
SI
AA
CR1
CR0
X
1
0
0
0
1
X
X
MT
handbook, full pagewidth
SUCCESSFUL TRANSMISSION
TO A SLAVE RECEIVER
S
SLA
08H
W
DATA
A
A
P
28H
18H
NEXT TRANSFER STARTED WITH
A REPEATED START CONDITION
S
SLA
W
10H
NOT ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIVED
AFTER THE SLAVE ADDRESS
A
R
P
20H
TO MST/REC MODE
ENTRY = MR
NOT ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIVED
AFTER A DATA BYTE
A
P
30H
ARBITRATION LOST IN SLAVE ADDRESS
OR DATA BYTE
OTHER MST
A or A CONTINUES
38H
ARBITRATION LOST AND ADDRESSED AS SLAVE
A
OTHER MST
A or A CONTINUES
38H
OTHER MST
CONTINUES
68H 78H 80H
TO CORRESPONDING
STATES IN SLAVE MODE
FROM MASTER TO SLAVE
FROM SLAVE TO MASTER
DATA
n
A
ANY NUMBER OF DATA BYTES AND THEIR ASSOCIATED ACKNOWLEDGE BITS
THIS NUMBER (CONTAINED IN S1STA) CORRESPONDS TO A DEFINED STATE OF THE I2C-BUS
(SEE TABLE 61)
Fig.37 Format and States in the Master Transmitter Mode.
2000 Jul 26
87
MHI038
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
MR
handbook, full pagewidth
SUCCESSFUL RECEPTION
FROM A SLAVE TRANSMITTER
S
SLA
08H
R
A
DATA
A
50H
40H
DATA
A
P
58H
NEXT TRANSFER STARTED WITH
A REPEATED START CONDITION
S
SLA
R
10H
NOT ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIVED
AFTER THE SLAVE ADDRESS
A
W
P
48H
ARBITRATION LOST IN SLAVE ADDRESS
OR ACKNOWLEDGE BIT
TO MST/TRX MODE
ENTRY = MT
OTHER MST
A or A CONTINUES
38H
ARBITRATION LOST AND ADDRESSED AS SLAVE
A
A
OTHER MST
CONTINUES
38H
OTHER MST
CONTINUES
68H 78H 80H
TO CORRESPONDING
STATES IN SLAVE MODE
FROM MASTER TO SLAVE
FROM SLAVE TO MASTER
DATA
n
A
ANY NUMBER OF DATA BYTES AND THEIR ASSOCIATED ACKNOWLEDGE BITS
THIS NUMBER (CONTAINED IN S1STA) CORRESPONDS TO A DEFINED STATE OF THE I2C-BUS
(SEE TABLE 62)
Fig.38 Format and States in the Master Receiver Mode.
2000 Jul 26
88
MHI039
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
handbook, full pagewidth
RECEPTION OF THE OWN SLAVE ADDRESS
AND ONE OR MORE DATA BYTES
ALL ARE ACKNOWLEDGED
S
SLA
W
A
DATA
A
DATA
80H
60H
LAST DATA BYTE RECEIVED
IS NOT ACKNOWLEDGED
A
P or S
80H
A0H
A
P or S
88H
ARBITRATION LOST AS MST AND
ADDRESSED AS SLAVE
A
68H
RECEPTION OF THE GENERAL CALL ADDRESS
AND ONE OR MORE DATA BYTES
GENERAL
CALL
A
70H
DATA
A
DATA
90H
LAST DATA BYTE IS NOT ACKNOWLEDGED
P or S
90H
A0H
A
P or S
98H
ARBITRATION LOST AS MST AND ADDRESSED
AS SLAVE BY GENERAL CALL
AA
78H
FROM MASTER TO SLAVE
FROM SLAVE TO MASTER
DATA
n
A
ANY NUMBER OF DATA BYTES AND THEIR ASSOCIATED ACKNOWLEDGE BITS
THIS NUMBER (CONTAINED IN S1STA) CORRESPONDS TO A DEFINED STATE OF THE I2C-BUS
(SEE TABLE 63)
Fig.39 Format and States in the Slave Receiver Mode.
2000 Jul 26
89
MHI040
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
RECEPTION
OF THE OWN
handbook, full
pagewidth
SLAVE ADDRESS AND
TRANSMISSION OF ONE
OR MORE DATA BYTES
S
SLA
R
A
DATA
A8H
A
DATA
B8H
A
P or S
C0H
ARBITRATION LOST AS MST
AND ADDRESSED AS SLAVE
A
B0H
FROM MASTER TO SLAVE
LAST DATA BYTE TRANSMITTED.
SWITCHED TO NOT ADDRESSED
SLAVE (AA BIT IN S1CON = "0")
A
All "1"s
P or S
C8H
FROM SLAVE TO MASTER
DATA
A
ANY NUMBER OF DATA BYTES AND THEIR ASSOCIATED ACKNOWLEDGE BITS
MHI041
n
TABLE 9.
64)
SEE TABLE
THIS NUMBER (CONTAINED IN S1STA) CORRESPONDS TO A DEFINED STATE OF THE I2C-BUS. (SEE
Fig.40 Format and States of the Slave Transmitter Mode.
2000 Jul 26
90
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
Table 61 Master Transmitter Mode
STATUS
CODE
(S1STA)
STATUS OF THE
I2C BUS AND
SIO1 HARDWARE
08H
A START condition has
been transmitted
10H
18H
20H
28H
30H
38H
APPLICATION SOFTWARE RESPONSE
NEXT ACTION TAKEN BY SIO1
HARDWARE
TO S1CON
TO/FROM S1DAT
STA
STO
SI
AA
Load SLA+W
X
0
0
X
SLA+W will be transmitted;
ACK bit will received
A repeated START
condition has been
transmitted
Load SLA+W or
X
0
0
X
As above
Load SLA+R
X
0
0
X
SLA+W will be transmitted; SIO1 will be
switched to MST/REC mode
SLA+W has been
transmitted; ACK has
been received
Load data byte or
0
0
0
X
Data byte will be transmitted; ACK bit will
be received been received
no S1DAT action or
1
0
0
X
Repeated START will be transmitted;
no S1DAT action or
0
1
0
X
STOP condition will be transmitted;
STO flag will be reset
no S1DAT action
1
1
0
X
STOP condition followed by a START
condition will be transmitted; STO flag will
be reset
Load data byte or
0
0
0
X
Data byte will be transmitted; ACK will be
received
no S1DAT action or
1
0
0
X
Repeated START will be transmitted;
no S1DAT action or
0
1
0
X
STOP condition will be transmitted; STO
flag will be reset
no S1DAT action
1
1
0
X
STOP condition followed by a START
condition will be transmitted; STO flag will
be reset
Load data byte or
0
0
0
X
Data byte will be transmitted; ACK bit will
be received
no S1DAT action or
1
0
0
X
Repeated START will be transmitted;
no S1DAT action or
0
1
0
X
STOP condition will be transmitted; STO
flag will be reset
no S1DAT action
1
1
0
X
STOP condition followed by a START
condition will be transmitted; STO flag will
be reset
Load data byte or
0
0
0
X
Data byte will be transmitted; ACK bit will
be received
no S1DAT action or
1
0
0
X
Repeated START will be transmitted;
no S1DAT action or
0
1
0
X
STOP condition will be transmitted; STO
flag will be reset
no S1DAT action
1
1
0
X
STOP condition followed by a START
condition will be transmitted; STO flag will
be reset
No S1DAT action or
0
0
0
X
I2C bus will be released; not addressed
slave will be entered
No S1DAT action
1
0
0
X
A START condition will be transmitted
when the bus becomes free
SLA+W has been
transmitted; NOT ACK
has been received
Data byte in S1DAT has
been transmitted; ACK
has been received
Data byte in S1DAT has
been transmitted; NOT
ACK has been received
Arbitration lost in
SLA+R/W or Data bytes
2000 Jul 26
91
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
Table 62 Master Receiver Mode
STATUS
CODE
(S1STA)
STATUS OF THE
I2C BUS AND
SIO1 HARDWARE
08H
A START condition has
been transmitted
10H
38H
40H
48H
50H
58H
APPLICATION SOFTWARE RESPONSE
NEXT ACTION TAKEN BY SIO1
HARDWARE
TO S1CON
TO/FROM S1DAT
STA
STO
SI
AA
Load SLA+WR
X
0
0
X
SLA+R will be transmitted; ACK bit will be
received
A repeated START
condition has been
transmitted
Load SLA+R or
X
0
0
X
As above
Load SLA+W
X
0
0
X
SLA+W will be transmitted; SIO1 will be
switched to MST/TRX mode
Arbitration lost in NOT
ACK bit
no S1DAT action or
0
0
0
X
I2C bus will be released; SIO1 will enter a
slave mode
no S1DAT action
1
0
0
X
A START condition will be transmitted
when the bus becomes free
SLA+R has been
transmitted; ACK has
been received
no S1DAT action or
0
0
0
0
Data byte will be received; NOT ACK bit
will be returned
no S1DAT action
0
0
0
1
Data byte will be received; ACK bit will be
returned
SLA+R has been
transmitted; NOT ACK
has been received
no S1DAT action or
1
0
0
X
Repeated START condition will be
transmitted
no S1DAT action or
0
1
0
X
STOP condition will be transmitted; STO
flag will be reset
no S1DAT action
1
1
0
X
STOP condition followed by a START
condition will be transmitted; STO flag will
be reset
Data byte has been
received; NOT ACK has
been returned
Read data byte or
0
0
0
0
Data byte will be received; NOT ACK bit
will be returned
read data byte
0
0
0
1
Data byte will be received; ACK bit will be
returned
Data byte has been
received; ACK has been
returned
Read data byte or
1
0
0
X
Repeated START condition will be
transmitted
read data byte or
0
1
0
X
STOP condition will be transmitted; STO
flag will be reset
read data byte
1
1
0
X
STOP condition followed by a START
condition will be transmitted; STO flag will
be reset
2000 Jul 26
92
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
Table 63 Slave Receiver Mode
STATUS
CODE
(S1STA)
STATUS OF THE
I2C BUS AND
SIO1 HARDWARE
60H
Own SLA+W has been
received; ACK has been
returned
68H
70H
78H
80H
88H
90H
APPLICATION SOFTWARE RESPONSE
NEXT ACTION TAKEN BY SIO1
HARDWARE
TO S1CON
TO/FROM S1DAT
STA
STO
SI
AA
No S1DAT action or
X
0
0
0
Data byte will be received and NOT ACK
will be returned
no S1DAT action
X
0
0
1
Data byte will be received and ACK will be
returned
Arbitration lost in
SLA+R/W as master;
Own SLA+W has been
received, ACK returned
No S1DAT action or
X
0
0
0
Data byte will be received and NOT ACK
will be returned
no S1DAT action
X
0
0
1
Data byte will be received and ACK will be
returned
General call address
(00H) has been
received; ACK has been
returned
No S1DAT action or
X
0
0
0
Data byte will be received and NOT ACK
will be returned
no S1DAT action
X
0
0
1
Data byte will be received and ACK will be
returned
Arbitration lost in
SLA+R/W as master;
General call address
has been received, ACK
has been returned
No S1DAT action or
X
0
0
0
Data byte will be received and NOT ACK
will be returned
no S1DAT action
X
0
0
1
Data byte will be received and ACK will be
returned
Previously addressed
with own SLV address;
DATA has been
received; ACK has been
returned
Read data byte or
X
0
0
0
Data byte will be received and NOT ACK
will be returned
read data byte
X
0
0
1
Data byte will be received and ACK will be
returned
Previously addressed
with own SLA; DATA
byte has been received;
NOT ACK has been
returned
Read data byte or
0
0
0
0
Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no
recognition of own SLA or General call
address
read data byte or
0
0
0
1
Switched to not addressed SLV mode;
Own SLA will be recognized; General call
address will be recognized if S1ADR.0 =
logic 1
read data byte or
1
0
0
0
Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no
recognition of own SLA or General call
address. A START condition will be
transmitted when the bus becomes free
read data byte
1
0
0
1
Switched to not addressed SLV mode;
Own SLA will be recognized; General call
address will be recognized if S1ADR.0 =
logic 1. A START condition will be
transmitted when the bus becomes free.
Read data byte or
X
0
0
0
Data byte will be received and NOT ACK
will be returned
read data byte
X
0
0
1
Data byte will be received and ACK will be
returned
Previously addressed
with General Call; DATA
byte has been received;
ACK has been returned
2000 Jul 26
93
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
STATUS
CODE
(S1STA)
STATUS OF THE
I2C BUS AND
SIO1 HARDWARE
98H
Previously addressed
with General Call; DATA
byte has been received;
NOT ACK has been
returned
A0H
A STOP condition or
repeated START
condition has been
received while still
addressed as SLV/REC
or SLV/TRX
2000 Jul 26
P8xC591
APPLICATION SOFTWARE RESPONSE
NEXT ACTION TAKEN BY SIO1
HARDWARE
TO S1CON
TO/FROM S1DAT
STA
STO
SI
AA
Read data byte or
0
0
0
0
Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no
recognition of own SLA or General call
address
read data byte or
0
0
0
1
Switched to not addressed SLV mode;
Own SLA will be recognized; General call
address will be recognized if S1ADR.0 =
logic 1
read data byte or
1
0
0
0
Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no
recognition of own SLA or General call
address. A START condition will be
transmitted when the bus becomes free
read data byte
1
0
0
1
Switched to not addressed SLV mode;
Own SLA will be recognized; General call
address will be recognized if S1ADR.0 =
logic 1. A START condition will be
transmitted when the bus becomes free.
No STDAT action or
0
0
0
0
Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no
recognition of own SLA or General call
address
No STDAT action or
0
0
0
1
Switched to not addressed SLV mode;
Own SLA will be recognized; General call
address will be recognized if S1ADR.0 =
logic 1
No STDAT action or
1
0
0
0
Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no
recognition of own SLA or General call
address. A START condition will be
transmitted when the bus becomes free
No STDAT action
1
0
0
1
Switched to not addressed SLV mode;
Own SLA will be recognized; General call
address will be recognized if S1ADR.0 =
logic 1. A START condition will be
transmitted when the bus becomes free.
94
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
Table 64 Slave Transmitter Mode
STATUS
CODE
(S1STA)
STATUS OF THE
I2C BUS AND
SIO1 HARDWARE
A8H
Own SLA+R has been
received; ACK has been
returned
B0H
B8H
C0H
C8H
2000 Jul 26
APPLICATION SOFTWARE RESPONSE
NEXT ACTION TAKEN BY SIO1
HARDWARE
TO S1CON
TO/FROM S1DAT
STA
STO
SI
AA
Load data byte or
X
0
0
0
Last data byte will be transmitted and ACK
bit will be received
load data byte
X
0
0
1
Data byte will be transmitted; ACK will be
received
Arbitration lost in
SLA+R/W as master;
Own SLA+R has been
received, ACK has been
returned
Load data byte or
X
0
0
0
Last data byte will be transmitted and ACK
bit will be received
load data byte
X
0
0
1
Data byte will be transmitted; ACK bit will
be received
Data byte in S1DAT has
been transmitted; ACK
has been received
Load data byte or
X
0
0
0
Last data byte will be transmitted and ACK
bit will be received
load data byte
X
0
0
1
Data byte will be transmitted; ACK bit will
be received
Data byte in S1DAT has
been transmitted; NOT
ACK has been received
No S1DAT action or
0
0
0
0
Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no
recognition of own SLA or General call
address
no S1DAT action or
0
0
0
1
Switched to not addressed SLV mode;
Own SLA will be recognized; General call
address will be recognized if S1ADR.0 =
logic 1
no S1DAT action or
1
0
0
0
Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no
recognition of own SLA or General call
address. A START condition will be
transmitted when the bus becomes free
no S1DAT action
1
0
0
1
Switched to not addressed SLV mode;
Own SLA will be recognized; General call
address will be recognized if S1ADR.0 =
logic 1. A START condition will be
transmitted when the bus becomes free.
No S1DAT action or
0
0
0
0
Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no
recognition of own SLA or General call
address
no S1DAT action or
0
0
0
1
Switched to not addressed SLV mode;
Own SLA will be recognized; General call
address will be recognized if S1ADR.0 =
logic 1
no S1DAT action or
1
0
0
0
Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no
recognition of own SLA or General call
address. A START condition will be
transmitted when the bus becomes free
no S1DAT action
1
0
0
1
Switched to not addressed SLV mode;
Own SLA will be recognized; General call
address will be recognized if S1ADR.0 =
logic 1. A START condition will be
transmitted when the bus becomes free.
Last data byte in S1DAT
has been transmitted
(AA = 0); ACK has been
received
95
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
Table 65 Miscellaneous States
APPLICATION SOFTWARE RESPONSE
STATUS
CODE
(S1STA)
STATUS OF THE
I2C BUS AND
SIO1 HARDWARE
F8H
No relevant state
information available; SI
=0
No S1DAT action
00H
Bus error during MST or
selected slave modes,
due to an illegal START
or STOP condition.
State 00H can also
occur when interference
causes SIO1 to enter an
undefined state.
No S1DAT action
2000 Jul 26
NEXT ACTION TAKEN BY SIO1
HARDWARE
TO S1CON
TO/FROM S1DAT
STA
STO
SI
AA
No S1CON action
0
96
1
0
Wait or proceed current transfer
X
Only the internal hardware is affected in
the MST or addressed SLV modes. In all
cases, the bus is released and SIO1 is
switched to the not addressed SLV mode.
STO is reset.
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
15.2.14.4 Slave Transmitter Mode
15.2.15 SOME SPECIAL CASES
In the slave transmitter mode, a number of data bytes are
transmitted to a master receiver (see Figure 40). Data
transfer is initialized as in the slave receiver mode. When
S1ADR and S1CON have been initialized, SIO1 waits until
it is addressed by its own slave address followed by the
data direction bit which must be “1” (R) for SIO1 to operate
in the slave transmitter mode. After its own slave address
and the R bit have been received, the serial interrupt flag
(SI) is set and a valid status code can be read from S1STA.
This status code is used to vector to an interrupt service
routine, and the appropriate action to be taken for each of
these status codes is detailed in Table 64. The slave
transmitter mode may also be entered if arbitration is lost
while SIO1 is in the master mode (see state B0H).
The SIO1 hardware has facilities to handle the following
special cases that may occur during a serial transfer:
Simultaneous Repeated START Conditions from Two
Masters.
A repeated START condition may be generated in the
master transmitter or master receiver modes. A special
case occurs if another master simultaneously generates a
repeated START condition (see Figure 41). Until this
occurs, arbitration is not lost by either master since they
were both transmitting the same data. If the SIO1
hardware detects a repeated START condition on the I2C
bus before generating a repeated START condition itself,
it will release the bus, and no interrupt request is
generated. If another master frees the bus by generating a
STOP condition, SIO1 will transmit a normal START
condition (state 08H), and a retry of the total serial data
transfer can commence.
If the AA bit is reset during a transfer, SIO1 will transmit the
last byte of the transfer and enter state C0H or C8H. SIO1
is switched to the not addressed slave mode and will
ignore the master receiver if it continues the transfer. Thus
the master receiver receives all 1s as serial data. While AA
is reset, SIO1 does not respond to its own slave address
or a general call address. However, the I2C bus is still
monitored, and address recognition may be resumed at
any time by setting AA. This means that the AA bit may be
used to temporarily isolate SIO1 from the I2C bus.
15.2.15.1 Data Transfer after loss of Arbitration
Arbitration may be lost in the master transmitter and
master receiver modes (see Figure 33). Loss of arbitration
is indicated by the following states in S1STA; 38H, 68H,
78H, and B0H (see Figures 37 and 38).
If the STA flag in S1CON is set by the routines which
service these states, then, if the bus is free again, a
START condition (state 08H) is transmitted without
intervention by the CPU, and a retry of the total serial
transfer can commence.
15.2.14.5 Miscellaneous States
There are two S1STA codes that do not correspond to a
defined SIO1 hardware state (see Table 65). These are
discussed below.
S1STA = F8H:
This status code indicates that no relevant information is
available because the serial interrupt flag, SI, is not yet
set. This occurs between other states and when SIO1 is
not involved in a serial transfer.
15.2.15.2 Forced Access to the I2C bus
In some applications, it may be possible for an
uncontrolled source to cause a bus hang-up. In such
situations, the problem may be caused by interference,
temporary interruption of the bus or a temporary
short-circuit between SDA and SCL.
S1STA = 00H:
This status code indicates that a bus error has occurred
during an SIO1 serial transfer. A bus error is caused
when a START or STOP condition occurs at an illegal
position in the format frame. Examples of such illegal
positions are during the serial transfer of an address
byte, a data byte, or an acknowledge bit. A bus error
may also be caused when external interference disturbs
the internal SIO1 signals. When a bus error occurs, SI is
set. To recover from a bus error, the STO flag must be
set and SI must be cleared. This causes SIO1 to enter
the not addressed slave mode (a defined state) and to
clear the STO flag (no other bits in S1CON are affected).
The SDA and SCL lines are released (a STOP condition
is not transmitted).
2000 Jul 26
If an uncontrolled source generates a superfluous START
or masks a STOP condition, then the I2C bus stays busy
indefinitely. If the STA flag is set and bus access is not
obtained within a reasonable amount of time, then a forced
access to the I2C bus is possible. This is achieved by
setting the STO flag while the STA flag is still set. No
STOP condition is transmitted. The SIO1 hardware
behaves as if a STOP condition was received and is able
to transmit a START condition. The STO flag is cleared by
hardware (see Figure 42).
97
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
handbook, full pagewidth
S
SLA
08H
W
A
DATA
18H
A
S
OTHER MST
CONTINUES
28H
P8xC591
P
S
SLA
08H
OTHER MASTER SENDS REPEATED
START CONDITION EARLIER
RETRY
MHI042
Fig.41 Simultaneous repeated START conditions from 2 Masters.
time limit
handbook, full pagewidth
STA FLAG
STO FLAG
SDA LINE
SCL LINE
MHI043
start condition
Fig.42 Forces access to a busy I2C bus.
2000 Jul 26
98
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
If a forced bus access occurs or a repeated START
condition is transmitted while SDA is obstructed (pulled
LOW), the SIO1 hardware performs the same action as
described above. In each case, state 08H is entered after
a successful START condition is transmitted and normal
serial transfer continues. Note that the CPU is not involved
in solving these bus hang-up problems.
15.2.15.3 I2C bus obstructed by a low level on SCL and
SDA
An I2C bus hang-up occurs if SDA or SCL is pulled LOW
by an uncontrolled source. If the SCL line is obstructed
(pulled LOW) by a device on the bus, no further serial
transfer is possible, and the SIO1 hardware cannot resolve
this type of problem. When this occurs, the problem must
be resolved by the device that is pulling the SCL bus line
LOW.
15.2.15.4 Bus error
A bus error occurs when a START or STOP condition is
present at an illegal position in the format frame. Examples
of illegal positions are during the serial transfer of an
address byte, a data or an acknowledge bit.
If the SDA line is obstructed by another device on the bus
(e.g., a slave device out of bit synchronization), the
problem can be solved by transmitting additional clock
pulses on the SCL line (see Figure 43). The SIO1
hardware transmits additional clock pulses when the STA
flag is set, but no START condition can be generated
because the SDA line is pulled LOW while the I2C bus is
considered free.
The SIO1 hardware only reacts to a bus error when it is
involved in a serial transfer either as a master or an
addressed slave. When a bus error is detected, SIO1
immediately switches to the not addressed slave mode,
releases the SDA and SCL lines, sets the interrupt flag,
and loads the status register with 00H. This status code
may be used to vector to a service routine which either
attempts the aborted serial transfer again or simply
recovers from the error condition as shown in Table 65.
The SIO1 hardware attempts to generate a START
condition after every two additional clock pulses on the
SCL line. When the SDA line is eventually released, a
normal START condition is transmitted, state 08H is
entered, and the serial transfer continues.
handbook, full pagewidth
P8xC591
STA FLAG
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
SDA LINE
SCL LINE
start
condition
MHI044
(1) Unsuccessful attempt to send a Start condition.
(2) SDA line released.
(3) Successful attempt to send a Start condition; state D8H is centered.
Fig.43 Recovering from a bus obstruction caused by a low level on SDA.
2000 Jul 26
99
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
15.3
Software Examples of SIO1 Service Routines
This section consists of a software example for:
• Initialization of SIO1 after a RESET
• Entering the SIO1 interrupt routine
• The 26 state service routines for the
– Master transmitter mode
– Master receiver mode
– Slave receiver mode
– Slave transmitter mode
15.3.1
INITIALIZATION
In the initialization routine, SIO1 is enabled for both master
and slave modes. For each mode, a number of bytes of
internal data RAM are allocated to the SIO to act as either
a transmission or reception buffer. In this example, 8 bytes
of internal data RAM are reserved for different purposes.
The data memory map is shown in Figure 44. The
initialization routine performs the following functions:
• S1ADR is loaded with the parts own slave address and
the general call bit (GC)
• P1.6 and P1.7 bit latches are loaded with logic 1s
• RAM location HADD is loaded with the high-order
address byte of the service routines
• The SIO1 interrupt enable and interrupt priority bits are
set
• The slave mode is enabled by simultaneously setting
the ENS1 and AA bits in S1CON and the serial clock
frequency (for master modes) is defined by loading CR0
and CR1 in S1CON. The master routines must be
started in the main program.
The SIO1 hardware now begins checking the I2C bus for
its own slave address and general call. If the general call
or the own slave address is detected, an interrupt is
requested and S1STA is loaded with the appropriate state
information. The following text describes a fast method of
branching to the appropriate service routine.
2000 Jul 26
15.3.2
P8xC591
SIO1 INTERRUPT ROUTINE
When the SIO1 interrupt is entered, the PSW is first
pushed on the stack. Then S1STA and HADD (loaded with
the high-order address byte of the 26 service routines by
the initialization routine) are pushed on to the stack.
S1STA contains a status code which is the lower byte of
one of the 26 service routines. The next instruction is RET,
which is the return from subroutine instruction. When this
instruction is executed, the high and low order address
bytes are popped from stack and loaded into the program
counter.
The next instruction to be executed is the first instruction
of the state service routine. Seven bytes of program code
(which execute in eight machine cycles) are required to
branch to one of the 26 state service routines.
SI
PUSH PSW
Save PSW
PUSH S1STA
Push status code (low order
address byte)
PUSH HADD
Push high order address byte
RET
Jump to state service routine
The state service routines are located in a 256-byte page
of program memory. The location of this page is defined in
the initialization routine. The page can be located
anywhere in program memory by loading data RAM
register HADD with the page number. Page 01 is chosen
in this example, and the service routines are located
between addresses 0100H and 01FFH.
15.3.3
THE STATE SERVICE ROUTINE
The state service routines are located 8 bytes from each
other. Eight bytes of code are sufficient for most of the
service routines. A few of the routines require more than 8
bytes and have to jump to other locations to obtain more
bytes of code. Each state routine is part of the SIO1
interrupt routine and handles one of the 26 states. It ends
with a RETI instruction which causes a return to the main
program.
100
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
handbook, full pagewidth
S1ADR
GC
S1STA
S1CON
CR2
ENS1
STA
ST0
SI
0
0
0
D9
AA
CR1
CR0
D8
D0
PSW
IPO
IEN0
P1
DB
DA
S1DAT
EA
P1.7
PS1
B8
ES1
AB
90
P1.6
80
INTERNAL DATA RAM
7F
BACKUP
NUMBYTMST
SLA
HADD
ORIGINAL VALUE OF NUMBYTMST
53
NUMBER OF BYTES AS MASTER
52
SLA + R/W TO BE TRANSMITTED TO SLA
51
HIGHER ADDRESS BYTE INTERRUPT ROUTINE
50
4F
SLAVE TRANSMITTER DATA RAM
48
STD
SLAVE RECEIVER DATA RAM
40
SRD
MASTER RECEIVER DATA RAM
38
MRD
MASTER TRANSMITTER DATA RAM
30
MTD
R1
19
R0
18
00
MHI045
Fig.44 SIO1 Data Memory Map.
2000 Jul 26
101
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
15.3.4
In the slave receiver mode, a maximum of 8 received data
bytes can be stored in the internal data RAM. A maximum
of 8 bytes ensures that other RAM locations are not
overwritten if a master sends more bytes. If more than 8
bytes are transmitted, a not acknowledge is returned, and
SIO1 enters the not addressed slave receiver mode. A
maximum of one received data byte can be stored in the
internal data RAM after a general call address is detected.
If more than one byte is transmitted, a not acknowledge is
returned and SIO1 enters the not addressed slave receiver
mode.
MASTER TRANSMITTER AND MASTER RECEIVER
MODES
The master mode is entered in the main program. To enter
the master transmitter mode, the main program must first
load the internal data RAM with the slave address, data
bytes, and the number of data bytes to be transmitted. To
enter the master receiver mode, the main program must
first load the internal data RAM with the slave address and
the number of data bytes to be received. The R/W bit
determines whether SIO1 operates in the master
transmitter or master receiver mode.
In the slave transmitter mode, data to be transmitted is
obtained from the same locations in the internal data RAM
that were previously loaded by the main program. After a
not acknowledge has been returned by a master receiver
device, SIO1 enters the not addressed slave mode.
Master mode operation commences when the STA bit in
S1CION is set by the SETB instruction and data transfer is
controlled by the master state service routines in
accordance with Table 61, Table 62, Figure 37 and
Figure 38. In the example below, 4 bytes are transferred.
There is no repeated START condition. In the event of lost
arbitration, the transfer is restarted when the bus becomes
free. If a bus error occurs, the I2C bus is released and SIO1
enters the not selected slave receiver mode. If a slave
device returns a not acknowledge, a STOP condition is
generated.
15.3.6
SLAVE TRANSMITTER AND SLAVE RECEIVER MODES
After initialization, SIO1 continually tests the I2C bus and
branches to one of the slave state service routines if it
detects its own slave address or the general call address
(see Table 63, Table 64, Figure 39, and Figure 40). If
arbitration was lost while in the master mode, the master
mode is restarted after the current transfer. If a bus error
occurs, the I2C bus is released and SIO1 enters the not
selected slave receiver mode.
2000 Jul 26
ADAPTING THE SOFTWARE FOR DIFFERENT
APPLICATIONS
The following software example shows the typical
structure of the interrupt routine including the 26 state
service routines and may be used as a base for user
applications. If one or more of the four modes are not used,
the associated state service routines may be removed but,
care should be taken that a deleted routine can never be
invoked.
A repeated START condition can be included in the serial
transfer if the STA flag is set instead of the STO flag in the
state service routines vectored to by status codes 28H and
58H. Additional software must be written to determine
which data is transferred after a repeated START
condition.
15.3.5
P8xC591
This example does not include any time-out routines. In
the slave modes, time-out routines are not very useful
since, in these modes, SIO1 behaves essentially as a
passive device. In the master modes, an internal timer may
be used to cause a time-out if a serial transfer is not
complete after a defined period of time. This time period is
defined by the system connected to the I2C bus.
102
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
SI01 EQUATE LIST
LOC
OBJ
SOURCE
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
! LOCATIONS OF THE SI01 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS!
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
00D8
00D9
00DA
S1CON
S1STA
S1DAT
-0xd8
-0xd9
-0xda
00DB
S1ADR
-0xdb
00A8
00B8
IEN0
IP0
-0xa8
02b8
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
! BIT LOCATIONS
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
00DD
00BD
STA
SI01HP
-0xdd
-0xbd
! STA bit in S1CON
! IP0, SI01 Priority bit
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
! IMMEDIATE DATA TO WRITE INTO REGISTER S1CON
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
00D5
ENS1_NOTSTA_STO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
-0xd5
00C5
ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
-0xc5
00C1
ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_NOTAA_CR0
-0xc1
00E5
ENS1_STA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
-0xe5
! Generates STOP
! (CR0 = 100kHz @ fOSC =
! 6 MHz)
! Releases BUS and ACK
!
! Releases BUS and
! NOT ACK
! Releases BUS and set
! STA
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
! GENERAL IMMEDIATE DATA
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
0031
OWNSLA
-0x31
00A0
ENSI01
-0xa0
0001
00C0
PAG1
SLAW
-0x01
-0xc0
! Own SLA+General Call
! must be written into S1ADR
! EA+ES1, enable SIO1 interrupt
! must be written into IEN0
! select PAG1 as HADD
! SLA+W to be transmitted
00C1
0018
SLAR
SELRB3
-0xc1
-0x18
! SLA+R to be transmitted
! Select Register Bank 3
2000 Jul 26
103
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
LOC
OBJ
P8xC591
SOURCE
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
! LOCATIONS IN DATA RAM
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
0030
0038
0040
0048
MTD
MRD
SRD
STD
0053
BACKUP
-0x30
-0x38
-0x40
-0x48
! MST/TRX/DATA base address
! MST/REC/DATA base address
! SLV/REC/DATA base address
! SLV/TRX/DATA base address
-0x53
! Backup from NUMBYTMST
0052
NUMBYTMST
-0x52
0051
SLA
-0x51
! To restore NUMBYTMST in case
! of an Arbitration Loss.
! Number of bytes to transmit
! or receive as MST.
! Contains SLA+R/W to be
0050
HADD
-0x50
! transmitted.
! High Address byte for STATE 0f
! till STATE 25.
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
! INITIALIZATION ROUTINE
! Example to initialize IIC Interface as slave receiver or slave transmitter and start a MASTER TRANSMIT
! or a MASTER RECEIVE function. 4 bytes will be transmitted or received.
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
0000
.sect
.base
strt
0x00
.sect
initial
.base
INIT:
0x200
4100
ajmp
INIT
! RESET
mov
S1ADR,#OWNSLA
! Load own SLA + enable
! general call recognition
! P1.6 High level.
! P1.7 High level.
0200
75DB31
0203
0205
0207
D296
D297
755001
setb
setb
mov
P1(6)
P1(7)
HADD,#PAG1
020A
020D
020F
43A8A0
C2BD
75D8C5
orl
clr
mov
IEN0,#ENSI01
! Enable SI01 interrupt
SI01HP
! SI01 interrupt low priority
S1CON, #ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
! Initialize SLV funct.
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
! START MASTER TRANSMIT FUNCTION
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
0212
0215
0218
755204
7551C0
D2DD
mov
mov
setb
NUMBYTMST,#0x4
SLA,#SLAW
STA
! Transmit 4 bytes.
! SLA+W, Transmit funct.
! set STA in S1CON!
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
! START MASTER RECEIVE FUNCTION
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
021A
021D
0220
755204
7551C1
D2DD
2000 Jul 26
mov
mov
setb
NUMBYTMST,#0x4
SLA,#SLAR
STA
104
! Receive 4 bytes.
! SLA+R, Receive funct.
! set STA in S1CON
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
LOC
OBJ
P8xC591
SOURCE
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
! SI01 INTERRUPT ROUTINE
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
.sect
.base
intvec
0x00
! SI01 interrupt vector
! S1STA and HADD are pushed onto the stack.
! They serve as return address for the RET instruction.
! The RET instruction sets the Program Counter to address HADD,
! S1STA and jumps to the right subroutine.
002B
002D
002F
C0D0
C0D9
C050
push
push
push
0031
22
ret
psw
S1STA
HADD
! save psw
! JMP to address HADD,S1STA.
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : 00, Bus error.
! ACTION : Enter not addressed SLV mode and release bus. STO reset.
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
st0
0x100
0100
75D8D5
mov
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_STO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
0103
0105
D0D0
32
pop
reti
psw
! clr SI
! set STO,AA
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
! MASTER STATE SERVICE ROUTINES
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
! State 08 and State 10 are both for MST/TRX and MST/REC.
! The R/W bit decides whether the next state is within
! MST/TRX mode or within MST/REC mode.
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : 08, A, START condition has been transmitted.
! ACTION : SLA+R/W are transmitted, ACK bit is received.!
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
mts8
0x108
0108
010B
8551DA
75D8C5
mov
mov
010E
01A0
ajmp
2000 Jul 26
S1DAT,SLA
! Load SLA+R/W
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
! clr SI
INITBASE1
105
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
LOC
OBJ
P8xC591
SOURCE
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : STATE : 10, A repeated START condition has been transmitted.
! ACTION : SLA+R/W are transmitted, ACK bit is received.!
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
0110
0113
8551DA
75D8C5
010E
01A0
00A0
00A3
00A5
75D018
7930
7838
00A7
00AA
855253
D0D0
00AC
32
mts10
0x110
mov
mov
.sect
ibase1
.base
0xa0
INITBASE1:
ajmp
S1DAT,SLA
! Load SLA+R/W
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
! clr SI
INITBASE1
mov
mov
mov
psw,#SELRB3
r1,#MTD
r0,#MRD
mov
pop
BACKUP,NUMBYTMST
psw
! Save initial value
reti
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
! MASTER TRANSMITTER STATE SERVICE ROUTINES
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : 18, Previous state was STATE 8 or STATE 10, SLA+W have been transmitted, ACK been received. !
ACTION : First DATA is transmitted, ACK bit is received.
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -dc
0118
011B
75D018
87DA
011D
01B5
.sect
mts18
.base
0x118
mov
mov
psw,#SELRB3
S1DAT,@r1
ajmp
CON
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : 20, SLA+W have been transmitted, NOT ACK has been received
! ACTION : Transmit STOP condition.!
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
mts20
0x120
0120
75D8D5
mov
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_STO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
0123
0125
D0D0
32
pop
reti
psw
! set STO, clr SI
2000 Jul 26
106
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
LOC
OBJ
P8xC591
SOURCE
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : 28, DATA of S1DAT have been transmitted, ACK received.
! ACTION : If Transmitted DATA is last DATA then transmit a STOP condition, else transmit next DATA.
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
0128
012B
D55285
75D8D5
012E
01B9
00B0
00B3
00B5
75D018
87DA
75D8C5
00B8
09
00B9
00BB
D0D0
32
mts28
0x128
djnz
mov
ajmp
.sect
mts28sb
.base
0x0b0
NOTLDAT1:
mov
mov
CON:
mov
NUMBYTMST,NOTLDAT1
! JMP if NOT last DATA
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_STO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
! clr SI, set AA
RETmt
psw,#SELRB3
S1DAT,@r1
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
! clr SI, set AA
RETmt :
inc
r1
pop
reti
psw
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : 30, DATA of S1DAT have been transmitted, NOT ACK received.
! ACTION : Transmit a STOP condition.
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
mts30
0x130
0130
75D8D5
mov
0133
0135
D0D0
32
pop
reti!
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_STO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
! set STO, clr SI
psw
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : 38, Arbitration lost in SLA+W or DATA.
! ACTION : Bus is released, not addressed SLV mode is entered. A new START condition is
!
transmitted when the IIC bus is free again.!
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
0138
013B
013E
mts38
0x138
75D8E5
855352
01B9
mov
mov
ajmp
S1CON,#ENS1_STA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
NUMBYTMST,BACKUP
RETmt
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
! MASTER RECEIVER STATE SERVICE ROUTINES
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : 40, Previous state was STATE 08 or STATE 10, SLA+R have been transmitted, ACK received.
! ACTION : DATA will be received, ACK returned.
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
mts40
.base
0x140
0140
75D8C5
mov
0143
D0D0
32
pop
reti
2000 Jul 26
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
! clr STA, STO, SI set AA
psw
107
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
LOC
OBJ
P8xC591
SOURCE
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : 48, SLA+R have been transmitted, NOT ACK received.
! ACTION : STOP condition will be generated.
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
0148
75D8D5
014B
014D
D0D0
32
.sect
.base
STOP:
mts48
0x148
mov
pop
reti
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_STO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
! set STO, clr SI
psw
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : 50, DATA have been received, ACK returned.
! ACTION : Read DATA of S1DAT. DATA will be received, if it is last DATA then NOT ACK will be returned
!
else ACK will be returned.
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
mrs50
0x150
0150
75D018
mov
psw,#SELRB3
0153
0155
A6DA
01C0
mov
ajmp
@r0,S1DAT
REC1
djnz
NUMBYTMST,NOTLDAT2
mov
sjmp
mov
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_NOTAA_CR0
! clr SI,AA
RETmr
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
inc
pop
r0
psw
.sect
.base
00C0
D55205
00C3
75D8C1
00C6
00C8
8003
75D8C5
00CB
00CC
08
D0D0
00CE
32
! Read received DATA
mrs50s
0xc0
REC1:
NOTLDAT2:
! clr SI, set AA
RETmr:
reti
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : 58, DATA have been received, NOT ACK returned.
! ACTION : Read DATA of MASTER STATE SERVICE ROUTINESS1DAT and generate a STOP condition.
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
mrs58
.base
0x158
0158
015B
75D018
A6DA
mov
mov
psw,#SELRB3
@R0,S1DAT
015D
80E9
sjmp
STOP
2000 Jul 26
108
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
LOC
OBJ
P8xC591
SOURCE
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
! SLAVE RECEIVER STATE SERVICE ROUTINES
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : 60, Own SLA+W have been received, ACK returned.
! ACTION : DATA will be recMASTER STATE SERVICE ROUTINESeived and ACK returned.
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
srs60
0x160
0160
75D8C5
mov
0163
75D018
mov
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
! clr SI, set AA
psw,#SELRB3
0166
01D0
ajmp
INITSRD
.sect
.base
insrd
0xd0
00D0
7840
mov
r0,#SRD
00D2
7908
INITSRD:
mov
r1,#8
00D4
00D6
D0D0
32
pop
reti
psw
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : 68, Arbitration lost in SLA and R/W as MST Own SLA+W have been received, ACK returned
! ACTION : DATA will be received and ACK returned. STA is set to restart MST mode after the bus is free again.
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
0168
016B
016E
srs68
0x168
75D8E5
75D018
01D0
mov
mov
ajmp
S1CON,#ENS1_STA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
psw,#SELRB3
INITSRD
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : 70, General call has been received, ACK returned.
! ACTION : DATA will be received and ACK returned.
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
srs70
0x170
0170
75D8C5
mov
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
! clr SI, set AA
0173
0176
75D018
01D0
mov
ajmp
psw,#SELRB3
initsrd
! Initialize SRD counter
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : 78, Arbitration lost in SLA+R/W as MST. General call has been received, ACK returned.
! ACTION : DATA will be received and ACK returned. STA is set to restart MST mode after the bus is free again.
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
0178
017B
017E
75D8E5
75D018
01D0
2000 Jul 26
srs78
0x178
mov
mov
ajmp
S1CON,#ENS1_STA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
psw,#SELRB3
! Initialize SRD counter
INITSRD
109
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
LOC
OBJ
P8xC591
SOURCE
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : 80, Previously addressed with own SLA. DATA received, ACK returned.
! ACTION : Read DATA.
!
IF received DATA was the last
!
THEN superfluous DATA will be received and NOT ACK returned
!
ELSE next DATA will be received and ACK returned.!
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
0180
0183
0185
srs80
0x180
75D018
A6DA
01D8
.sect
.base
00D8
00DA
D906
75D8C1
00DD
D0D0
00DF
32
00E0
75D8C5
00E3
08
00E4
00E6
D0D0
32
mov
mov
ajmp
psw,#SELRB3
@r0,S1DAT
REC2
djnz
mov
r1,NOTLDAT3
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_NOTAA_CR0
! clr SI,AA
psw
! Read received DATA
srs80s
0xd8
REC2:
LDAT:
pop
reti
NOTLDAT3:
mov
inc
RETsr:
pop
reti
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
! clr SI, set AA
r0
psw
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : 88, Previously addressed with own SLA. DATA received NOT ACK returned.
! ACTION : No save of DATA, Enter NOT addressed SLV mode.
!
Recognition of own SLA. General call recognized, if S1ADR. 01.!
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
srs88
0x188
0188
75D8C5
mov
018B
01E4
ajmp
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
! clr SI, set AA
RETsr
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : 90, Previously addressed with general call. DATA has been received, ACK has been returned.
! ACTION : Read DATA.
!
After General call only one byte will be received with ACK the second DATA
!
will be received with NOT ACK.
!
DATA will be received and NOT ACK returned.
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
srs90
0x190
0190
0193
76D018
A6DA
mov
mov
psw,#SELRB3
@r0,S1DAT
0195
01DA
ajmp
LDAT
2000 Jul 26
110
! Read received DATA
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
LOC
OBJ
P8xC591
SOURCE
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : 98, Previously addressed with general call.
!
DATA has been received, NOT ACK has been returned.
! ACTION : No save of DATA, Enter NOT addressed SLV mode.
!
Recognition of own SLA. General call recognized, if S1ADR. 01.!
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
srs98
0x198
0198
75D8C5
mov
019B
019D
D0D0
32
pop
reti
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
! clr SI, set AA
psw
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : A0, A STOP condition or repeated START has been received, while still addressed as
!
SLV/REC or SLV/TRX.
! ACTION : No save of DATA, Enter NOT addressed SLV mode.
!
Recognition of own SLA. General call recognized, if S1ADR. 01.
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
srsA0
0x1a0
01A0
75D8C5
mov
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
01A3
D0D0
pop
psw
01A5
32
reti
! clr SI, set AA
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
! SLAVE TRANSMITTER STATE SERVICE ROUTINES
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : A8, Own SLA+R received, ACK returned.
! ACTION : DATA will be transmitted, A bit received.
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
01A8
01AB
8548DA
75D8C5
01AE
01E8
00E8
00EB
00ED
00EE
00F0
75D018
7948
09
D0D0
32
2000 Jul 26
stsa8
0x1a8
mov
mov
ajmp
.sect
ibase2
.base
0xe8
INITBASE2:
mov
mov
inc
pop
reti
S1DAT,STD
! load DATA in S1DAT
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
! clr SI, set AA
INITBASE2
psw,#SELRB3
r1, #STD
r1
psw
111
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
LOC
OBJ
P8xC591
SOURCE
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : B0, Arbitration lost in SLA and R/W as MST. Own SLA+R received, ACK returned.
! ACTION : DATA will be transmitted, A bit received.
!
STA is set to restart MST mode after the bus is free again.
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
01B0
01B3
01B6
sstsb0
0x1b0
8548DA
75D8E5
01E8
mov
mov
ajmp
S1DAT,STD
! load DATA in S1DAT
S1CON,#ENS1_STA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
INITBASE2
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : B8, DATA has been transmitted, ACK received.
! ACTION : DATA will be transmitted, ACK bit is received.
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
stsb8
0x1b8
01B8
01BB
75D018
87DA
mov
mov
psw,#SELRB3
S1DAT,@r1
01BD
01F8
ajmp
SCON
mov
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
! clr SI, set AA
r1
.sect
scn
.base
SCON:
0xf8
00F8
75D8C5
00FB
09
inc
00FC
00FE
D0D0
32
pop
reti
psw
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : C0, DATA has been transmitted, NOT ACK received.
! ACTION : Enter not addressed SLV mode.
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
stsc0
0x1c0
01C0
75D8C5
mov
01C3
01C5
D0D0
32
pop
reti
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
! clr SI, set AA
psw
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ! STATE : C8, Last DATA has been transmitted (AA=0), ACK received.
! ACTION : Enter not addressed SLV mode
!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .sect
.base
stsc8
0x1c8
01C8
75D8C5
mov
S1CON,#ENS1_NOTSTA_NOTSTO_NOTSI_AA_CR0
! clr SI, set AA
01CB
01CD
D0D0
32
pop
reti
psw
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
! END OF SI01 INTERRUPT ROUTINE
!*****************************************************************************************************************************
2000 Jul 26
112
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
signal or by a rising edge on the input signal RT2, if
enabled. RT2 is enabled by setting bit T2ER (TM2CON.5).
16 TIMER 2
16.1
P8xC591
Features of Timer 2
When the least significant byte of the timer overflows or
when a 16-bit overflow occurs, an interrupt request may be
generated. Either or both of these overflows can be
programmed to request an interrupt. In both cases, the
interrupt vector will be the same. When the lower byte
(TML2) overflows, flag T2B0 (TM2CON) is set and flag
T20V (TM2lR) is set when TMH2 overflows. These flags
are set one cycle after an overflow occurs. Note that when
T20V is set, T2B0 will also be set. To enable the byte
overflow interrupt, bits ET2 (lEN1.7, enable overflow
interrupt, see Table 67) and T2lS0 (TM2CON.6, byte
overflow interrupt select) must be set. Bit TWBO
(TM2CON.4) is the Timer T2 byte overflow flag. To enable
the 16-bit overflow interrupt, bits ET2 (lE1.7, enable
overflow interrupt) and T2lS1 (TM2CON.7, 16-bit overflow
interrupt select) must be set. Bit T2OV (TM2lR.7) is the
Timer T2 16-bit overflow flag. All interrupt flags must be
reset by software. To enable both byte and 16-bit overflow,
T2lS0 and T2lS1 must be set and two interrupt service
routines are required. A test on the overflow flags indicates
which routine must be executed. For each routine, only the
corresponding overflow flag must be cleared. Timer T2
may be reset by a rising edge on RT2 (P3.1) if the Timer
T2 external reset enable bit (T2ER) in TM2CON is set.
This reset also clears the prescaler. In the Idle mode, the
timer/counter and prescaler are reset and halted. Timer T2
is controlled by the TM2CON special function register (see
Section 16.1.1).
Timer T2 is a 16-bit timer consisting of two registers TMH2
(HIGH byte) and TML2 (LOW byte). The 16-bit
timer/counter can be switched off or clocked via a
prescaler from one of two sources: fCLK/6 or an external
signal. When Timer T2 is configured as a counter, the
prescaler is clocked by an external signal on T2 (P3.O). A
rising edge on T2 increments the prescaler, and the
maximum repetition rate is one count per machine cycle
(1 MHz with a 6 MHz oscillator).
The maximum repetition rate for Timer T2 is twice the
maximum repetition rate for Timer 0 and Timer 1. T2 (P3.0)
is sampled at S2P1 and again at S5P1 (i.e., twice per
machine cycle). A rising edge is detected when T2 is LOW
during one sample and HIGH during the next sample. To
ensure that a rising edge is detected, the input signal must
be LOW for at least 1⁄2 cycle and then HIGH for at least 1⁄2
cycle. If a rising edge is detected before the end of S2P1,
the timer will be incremented during the following cycle;
otherwise it will be incremented one cycle later. The
prescaler has a programmable division factor of 1, 2, 4, or
8 and is cleared if its division factor or input source is
changed, or if the timer/counter is reset.
Timer T2 may be read “on the fly” but possesses no extra
read latches, and software precautions may have to be
taken to avoid misinterpretation in the event of an overflow
from least to most significant byte while Timer T2 is being
read. Timer T2 is not loadable and is reset by the RST
Table 66 Timer T2 Interrupt Enable Register IEN1 (address E8H)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ET2
ECAN
ECM1
ECM0
ECT3
ECT2
ECT1
ECT0
Table 67 Description of interrupt Enable Register IEN1 bits
BIT
SYMBOL
7
ET2
6
ECAN
Enable CAN interrupt.
5
ECM1
Enable T2 Comparator 1 interrupt.
4
ECM0
Enable T2 Comparator 0 interrupt.
3
ECT3
Enable T2 Capture register 3 interrupt.
2
ECT2
Enable T2 Capture register 2 interrupt.
1
ECT1
Enable T2 Capture register 1 interrupt.
0
ECT0
Enable T2 Capture register 0 interrupt.
2000 Jul 26
FUNCTION
Enable Timer T2 overflow interrupt(s).
113
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
16.1.1
P8xC591
T2 CONTROL REGISTER (TM2CON)
Table 68 T2 Control Register (address EAH)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
T2IS1
T2IS0
T2ER
T2BO
T2P1
T2P0
T2MS1
T2MS0
Table 69 Description of TM2CON bits
BIT
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
7
T2IS1
Timer T2 16-bit overflow interrupt select.
6
T2IS0
Timer T2 byte overflow interrupt select.
5
T2ER
Timer T2 external reset enable. When this bit is set, Timer T2 may be reset by a rising
edge on RT2 (P3.1).
4
T2BO
Timer T2 byte overflow interrupt flag.
3
T2P1
Timer T2 prescaler select (see Table 70).
2
T2P0
1
T2MS1
0
T2MS0
Timer T2 mode select (see Table 71).
Table 70 Timer 2 prescaler select
T2P1
T2P0
TIMER T2 CLOCK
0
0
clock source
0
1
1
0
1
1
1⁄
2
1⁄
4
1⁄
8
× clock source
× clock source
× clock source
Table 71 Timer 2 mode select
T2MS1
T2MS0
0
0
Timer T2 halted (off)
0
1
1⁄
1
0
Test mode; do not use
1
1
T2 clock source = pin T2
2000 Jul 26
MODE SELECTED
6
× fCLK T2 clock source
114
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
16.1.2
TIMER T2 EXTENSION
When a 6 MHz oscillator is used, a 16-bit overflow on
Timer T2 occurs every 65.5, 131, 262, or 524 ms,
depending on the prescaler division ratio; i.e., the
maximum cycle time is approximately 0.5 seconds. In
applications where cycle times are greater than 0.5
seconds, it is necessary to extend Timer T2. This is
achieved by selecting fCLK/6 as the clock source (set
T2MS0, reset T2MS1), setting the prescaler division ration
to 1⁄8 (set T2P0, set T2P1), disabling the byte overflow
interrupt (reset T2lS0) and enabling the 16-bit overflow
interrupt (set T2lS1). The following software routine is
written for a three-byte extension which gives a maximum
cycle time of approximately 2400 hours.
16.1.3
2000 Jul 26
TIMER T2, CAPTURE AND COMPARE LOGIC
Timer T2 is connected to four 16-bit capture registers and
three 16-bit compare registers. A capture register may be
used to capture the contents of Timer T2 when a transition
occurs on its corresponding input pin. A compare register
may be used to set or reset port 3 output pins at certain
pre-programmable time intervals. The combination of
Timer T2 and the capture and compare logic is very
powerful in applications involving rotating machinery,
automotive injection systems, etc. Timer T2 and the
capture and compare logic are shown in Figure 45.
OVINT: PUSH ACO ; save accumulator
PUSH PSW ; save status
INC TlMEX1 ; increment first byte (low order) of
extended timer
MOV A,TlMEX1
JNZ INTEX ; jump to INTEX if; there is no
overflow
INC TlMEX2 ; increment second byte
MOV A,TlMEX2
JNZ INTEX ; jump to INTEX if there is no
overflow
INC TlMEX3 ; increment third byte (high order)
INTEX: CLR T2OV
POP PSW
POP ACC
RETI
P8xC591
; reset interrupt flag
; restore status
; restore accumulator
; return from interrupt
115
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Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
handbook, full pagewidth
P8xC591
CT0I/INT2 INT(1)
CT1I/INT3 INT(1)
CT2I/INT4 INT(1)
CT3I/INT5 INT(1)
CTI0
CTI1
CTI2
CTI3
CT0
CT1
CT2
CT3
off
8-bit overflow interrupt
fclk
PRESCALER
1/6
T2 COUNTER
16-bit overflow interrupt
T2
RT2
T2ER
external reset enable
COMP
S
S
R
R
P3.2
P3.3
S
R
S
R
P3.4 I/O port 3
P3.5
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
STE
RTE
S = set
R = reset
*(1) = reserved
to internal logic
INT(1)
CM0 (S)
CM1 (R)
INT(1)
COMP
CM2
MHI046
T2 SFR address: TML2 = lower 8 bits
TMH2 = higher 8 bits
Fig.45 Block diagram of Timer 2.
2000 Jul 26
COMP
116
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
16.1.4
CAPTURE LOGIC
The four 16-bit capture registers that Timer T2 is
connected to are: CT0, CT1, CT2, and CT3. These
registers are loaded with the contents of Timer T2, and an
interrupt is requested upon receipt of the input signals
CT0l, CT1I, CT2l, or CT3l. These input signals are shared
with port 1. The four interrupt flags are in the Timer T2
interrupt register (TM2lR special function register). If the
16.1.4.1
P8xC591
capture facility is not required, these inputs can be
regarded as additional external interrupt inputs (INT2 to
INT5).
Using the capture control register CTCON (see
Section 16.1.4.1), these inputs may capture on a rising
edge, a falling edge, or on either a rising or falling edge.
The inputs are sampled during S1P1 of each cycle. When
a selected edge is detected, the contents of Timer T2 are
captured at the end of the cycle.
Capture Control Register (CTCON)
Table 72 Capture Control Register (address EBH)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CTN3
CTP3
CTN2
CTP2
CTN1
CTP1
CTN0
CTP0
Table 73 Description of CTCON bits
BIT
SYMBOL
7
CTN3
DESCRIPTION
Capture Register 3 triggered by a falling edge on CT3l.
6
CTP3
Capture Register 3 triggered by a rising edge on CT3l.
5
CTN2
Capture Register 2 triggered by a falling edge on CT2l.
4
CTP2
Capture Register 2 triggered by a rising edge on CT2l.
3
CTN1
Capture Register 1 triggered by a falling edge on CT1l.
2
CTP1
Capture Register 1 triggered by a rising edge on CT1l.
1
CTN0
Capture Register 0 triggered by a falling edge on CT0l.
0
CTP0
Capture Register 0 triggered by a rising edge on CT0l.
16.1.5
MEASURING TIME INTERVALS USING REGISTERS
When a recurring external event is represented in the form
of rising or falling edges on one of the four capture pins,
the time between two events can be measured using
Timer T2 and a capture register. When an event occurs,
the contents of Timer T2 are copied into the relevant
capture register and an interrupt request is generated. The
interrupt service routine may then compute the interval
time if it knows the previous contents of Timer T2 when the
last event occurred. With a 6 MHz oscillator, Timer T2 can
be programmed to overflow every 524 ms. When event
interval times are shorter than this, computing the interval
time is simple, and the interrupt service routine is short.
For longer interval times, the Timer T2 extension routine
may be used.
16.1.6
COMPARE LOGIC
Each time Timer T2 is incremented, the contents of the
three 16-bit compare registers CM0, CM1, and CM2 are
compared with the new counter value of Timer T2. When
a match is found, the corresponding interrupt flag in TM2lR
is set at the end of the following cycle. When a match with
2000 Jul 26
CM0 occurs, the controller sets bits 0-3 of port 3 if the
corresponding bits of the set enable register STE are at
logic 1 (see Section 16.1.6.2).
When a match with CM1 occurs, the controller resets bits
0-3 of port 3 if the corresponding bits of the reset/enable
register RTE are at logic 1 (see Section 16.1.6.1). If RTE
is “0”, then P3.n is not affected by a match between CM1
or CM2 and Timer 2.
Thus, if the current operation is “set,” the next operation
will be “reset” even if the port latch is reset by software
before the “reset” operation occurs. CM0, CM1, and CM2
are reset by the RST signal.
The modified port latch information appears at the port pin
during S5P1 of the cycle following the cycle in which a
match occurred. If the port is modified by software, the
outputs change during S1P1 of the following cycle. Each
port 3 bit (0-3) can be set or reset by software at any time.
A hardware modification resulting from a comparator
match takes precedence over a software modification in
the same cycle. When the comparator results require a
“set” and a “reset” at the same time, the port latch will be
reset.
117
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
16.1.6.1
P8xC591
Reset/Toggle Enable Register (RTE)
Table 74 Reset/Toggle enable register (address EFH)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
−
−
−
−
RP35
RP34
RP33
RP32
Table 75 Description of RTE bits
BIT
SYMBOL
7 to 4
−
3
RP35
If HIGH then P3.5 is reset on a match between CM2 and T2.
2
RP34
If HIGH then P3.4 is reset on a match between CM2 and T2.
1
RP33
If HIGH then P3.3 is reset on a match between CM2 and T2.
0
RP32
If HIGH then P3.2 is reset on a match between CM2 and T2.
16.1.6.2
DESCRIPTION
Reserved.
Set Enable Register (STE)
Table 76 Set enable register (address EEH)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
−
−
−
−
SP35
SP34
SP33
SP32
Table 77 Description of STE bits
BIT
SYMBOL
7
−
3
SP35
If HIGH then P3.5 is set on a match between CM2 and T2.
2
SP34
If HIGH then P3.4 is set on a match between CM2 and T2.
1
SP33
If HIGH then P3.3 is set on a match between CM2 and T2.
0
SP32
If HIGH then P3.2 is set on a match between CM2 and T2.
2000 Jul 26
DESCRIPTION
Reserved.
118
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
16.1.7
TIMER T2 INTERRUPT FLAG REGISTER TM2IR
P8xC591
Seven of the eight Timer T2 interrupt flags are located in
special function register TM2lR (see Section 16.1.7.1).
The eights flag is TM2CON.4.
CMl0 is scanned by the interrupt logic during S2; CMl1 and
CMl2 are scanned during S3 and S4. A match of CMl0 and
CMl1 will be recognized by the interrupt logic (or by polling
the flags) two cycles after the match takes place. A match
of CMl2 will cause no interrupt, this flag can be polled only.
The CT0l and CT1I flags are set during S4 of the cycle in
which the contents of Timer T2 are captured. CT0l is
scanned by the interrupt logic during S2, and CT1I is
scanned during S3. CT2l and CT3l are set during S6 and
are scanned during S4 and S5. The associated interrupt
requests are recognized during the following cycle. If these
flags are polled, a transition at CT0l or CT1I will be
recognized one cycle before a transition on CT2l or CT3l
since registers are read during S5. The CMI0, CMl1 and
CMl2 flags are set during S6 of the cycle following a match.
The 16-bit overflow flag (T2OV) and the byte overflow flag
(T2BO) are set during S6 of the cycle in which the overflow
occurs. These flags are recognized by the interrupt logic
during the next cycle. Special function register lP1 (see
Section 16.1.7.2) is used to determine the Timer T2
interrupt priority. Setting a bit high gives that function a
high priority, and setting a bit low gives the function a low
priority. The functions controlled by the various bits of the
lP1 register are shown in Section 16.1.6.2.
16.1.7.1
Interrupt Flag Register (TM2IR)
Table 78 Interrupt flag register (address C8H)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
T2OV
CMI2/CAN
CMI1
CMI0
CTI3
CTI2
CTI1
CTI0
Table 79 Description of TM2IR bits
BIT
SYMBOL
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
T2OV
CMI2/CAN
CMI1
CMI0
CTI3
CTI2
CTI1
CTI0
16.1.7.2
DESCRIPTION
T2: 16-bit overflow interrupt flag.
CM2: flag (for polling only). CAN: CAN interrupt flag (polling only).
CM1: interrupt flag.
CM0: interrupt flag.
CT3: interrupt flag.
CT2: interrupt flag.
CT1: interrupt flag.
CT0: interrupt flag.
Interrupt Priority Register 1 (IP1)
Table 80 Interrupt Priority Register 1 (address F8H)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PT2
PCAN
PCM1
PCM0
PCT3
PCT2
PCT1
PCT0
Table 81 Description of IP1 bits
BIT
SYMBOL
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PT2
PCAN
PCM1
PCM0
PCT3
PCT2
PCT1
PCT0
2000 Jul 26
DESCRIPTION
T2 overflow interrupt(s) priority level.
CAN interrupt priority level.
T2 comparator 1 priority interrupt level.
T2 comparator 0 priority interrupt level.
T2 capture register 3 priority interrupt level.
T2 capture register 2 priority interrupt level.
T2 capture register 1 priority interrupt level.
T2 capture register 0 priority interrupt level.
119
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
17 WATCHDOG TIMER (T3)
In addition to Timer T2 and the standard timers, a
Watchdog Timer (T3) is also incorporated on the
P8xC591. The purpose of a Watchdog Timer is to reset the
microcontroller if it enters erroneous processor states
(possibly caused by electrical noise or RFI) within a
reasonable period of time. An analogy is the “dead man’s
handle” in railway locomotives. When enabled, the
watchdog circuitry will generate a system reset if the user
program fails to reload the Watchdog Timer within a
specified length of time known as the “watchdog interval”.
Watchdog Circuit Description:
The watchdog timer (Timer T3) consists of an 8-bit timer
with an 11-bit prescaler as shown in Figure 46. The
prescaler is fed with a signal whose frequency is 1⁄6 the
oscillator frequency (1 MHz with a 6 MHz oscillator). The
8-bit timer is incremented every “t” seconds, where:
T3 is incremented every 1024 µs, derived from the
oscillator frequency of 12 MHz by the following formula:
t = 6 x 2048 x 1/fCLK = 1024 µs at fCLK = 12 MHz.
P8xC591
The programmer must now partition the software in such a
way that reloading of the watchdog is carried out in
accordance with the above requirements. The programmer
must determine in execution times of all software modules.
The effect of possible conditional branches, subroutines,
external and internal interrupts must all be taken into
account. Since it may be very difficult to evaluate the
execution times of some sections of code, the programmer
should use worst case estimations. In any event, the
programmer must make sure that the watchdog is not
activated during normal operation.
The watchdog timer is reloaded in two stages in order to
prevent erroneous software from reloading the watchdog.
First PCON.4 (WLE) must be set. The T3 may be loaded.
When T3 is loaded, PCON.4 (WLE) is automatically reset.
T3 cannot be loaded if PCON.4 (WLE) is reset. Reload code
may be put in a subroutine as it is called frequently. Since
Timer T3 is an up-counter, a reload value of 00H gives the
maximum watchdog interval and a reload value of 0FFH
gives the minimum watchdog interval.
If the 8-bit timer overflows, a short internal reset pulse is
generated which will reset the P8xC591. A short output
reset pulse is also generated at the RST pin. This short
output pulse (3 machine cycles) may be destroyed if the
RST pin is connected to a capacitor. This would not,
however, affect the internal reset operation.
In the Idle mode, the watchdog circuitry remains active.
When watchdog operation is implemented, the Power-down
mode cannot be used since both states are contradictory.
Thus, when watchdog operation is enabled by setting ‘WDE’
bit in AUXR1.4, it is not possible to enter the Power-down
mode, and an attempt to set the Power-down bit (PCON.1)
will have no effect. PCON.1 will remain at logic 0.
Watchdog operation is activated by setting the ‘WDE’ bit in
Special Function Register AUXR1. Once ‘WDE’ is set, it
can only be disabled by applying a reset.
Watchdog Software Example:
The following example shows how watchdog operation
might be handled in a user program.
; at the program start:
How to Operate the Watchdog Timer:
The watchdog timer has to be reloaded within periods that
are shorter than the programmed watchdog interval;
otherwise the watchdog timer will overflow and a system
reset will be generated. The user program must therefore
continually execute sections of code which reload the
watchdog timer. The period of time elapsed between
execution of these sections of code must never exceed the
watchdog interval. When using a 12 MHz oscillator, the
watchdog interval is programmable between 1024 µs and
261 ms.
In order to prepare software for watchdog operation, a
programmer should first determine how long his system
can sustain an erroneous processor state. The result will
be the maximum watchdog interval. As the maximum
watchdog interval becomes shorter, it becomes more
difficult for the programmer to ensure that the user
program always reloads the watchdog timer within the
watchdog interval, and thus it becomes more difficult to
implement watchdog operation.
2000 Jul 26
T3
EQU 0FFH ;address of watchdog
timer T3
PCON
EQU 087H ;address of PCON SFR
WATCH-INTV EQU 156 ;watchdog interval
(e.g., 2 x 100 ms)
;to be inserted at each watchdog location within
;the user program:
LCALL WATCHDOG
;watchdog service routine:
WATCHDOG: ORL
PCON,#10H ;set condition flag
(PCON.4)
MOV T3,WATCH-INV
;load T3 with
watchdog interval
RET
If its possible for this subroutine to be called in an erroneous
state, then the condition flag WLE should be set at different
parts of the main program.
120
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
handbook, full pagewidth
P8xC591
INTERNAL BUS
PRESCALER
11-BIT
1/6 fclk
TIMER T3 (8-BIT)
CLEAR
LOAD
to reset circuitry (1)
LOADEN
CLEAR
write T3
WLE
PD
LOADEN
PCON.4
AUXR1.4
WDE
PCON.1
INTERNAL BUS
MHI047
(1) See Fig.8.
Fig.46 Functional diagram of T3 Watchdog Timer.
2000 Jul 26
121
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
18 PULSE WIDTH MODULATED OUTPUTS
The P8xC591 contains two Pulse Width Modulated (PWM)
output channels (see Fig.47). These channels generate
pulses of programmable length and interval. The repetition
frequency is defined by an 8-bit prescaler PWMP, which
supplies the clock for the counter. The prescaler and
counter are common to both PWM channels. The 8-bit
counter counts modulo 255, i.e., from 0 to 254 inclusive.
The value of the 8-bit counter is compared to the contents
of two registers: PWM0 and PWM1.
Provided the contents of either of these registers is greater
than the counter value, the corresponding PWM0 or
PWM1 output is set LOW. If the contents of these registers
are equal to, or less than the counter value, the output will
be HIGH. The pulse-width-ratio is therefore defined by the
contents of the registers PWM0 and PWM1. The
pulse-width-ratio is in the range of 0⁄255 to 255⁄255 and may
be programmed in increments of 1⁄255.
Buffered PWM outputs may be used to drive DC motors.
The rotation speed of the motor would be proportional to
the contents of PWMn. The PWM outputs may also be
configured as a dual DAC.
P8xC591
In this application, the PWM outputs must be integrated
using conventional operational amplifier circuitry. If the
resulting output voltages have to be accurate, external
buffers with their own analog supply should be used to
buffer the PWM outputs before they are integrated.
The repetition frequency fPWM, at the PWMn outputs is
given by:
f CLK
f PWM = --------------------------------------------------( PWMP + 1 ) × 255
This gives a repetition frequency range of 184 Hz to
47 kHz (at fCLK = 12 MHz). By loading the PWM registers
with either 00H or FFH, the PWM channels will output a
constant HIGH or LOW level, respectively. Since the 8-bit
counter counts modulo 255, it can never actually reach the
value of the PWM registers when they are loaded with
FFH.
When a compare register (PWM0 or PWM1) is loaded with
a new value, the associated output is updated
immediately. It does not have to wait until the end of the
current counter period. Both PWMn output pins are driven
by push-pull drivers. These pins are not used for any other
purpose.
handbook, full pagewidth
PWM0
INTERNAL BUS
8-BIT COMPARATOR
fCLK
PRESCALER
OUTPUT
BUFFER
PWM0
OUTPUT
BUFFER
PWM1
8-BIT COUNTER
PWMP
8-BIT COMPARATOR
PWM1
MHI048
Fig.47 Functional diagram of Pulse Width Modulated outputs.
2000 Jul 26
122
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
18.1
P8xC591
Prescaler Frequency Control Register (PWMP)
Reading PWMP gives the current reload value. The actual count of the prescaler cannot be read.
Table 82 Prescaler Frequency Control Register (address FEH), Reset Value = 00H
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PWMP.7
PWMP.6
PWMP.5
PWMP.4
PWMP.3
PWMP.2
PWMP.1
PWMP.0
Table 83 Description of PWMP bits
18.2
BIT
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
7 to 0
PWMP.7 to PWMP.0
Prescaler division factor. The Prescaler division factor = (PWMP) + 1.
Pulse Width Register 0 (PWM0)
Table 84 Pulse width register (address FCH), Reset Value = 00H
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PWM0.7
PWM0.6
PWM0.5
PWM0.4
PWM0.3
PWM0.2
PWM0.1
PWM0.0
Table 85 Description of PWM0 bits
BIT
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
7 to 0
PWM0.7 to PWM0.0
Pulse width ratio.
( PWM0 )
LOW/HIGH ratio of PWM0 signals = ---------------------------------------255 – ( PWM0 )
18.3
Pulse Width Register 1 (PWM1)
Table 86 Pulse width register (address FDH)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PWM1.7
PWM1.6
PWM1.5
PWM1.4
PWM1.3
PWM1.2
PWM1.1
PWM1.0
Table 87 Description of PWM1 bits
BIT
SYMBOL
7 to 0
PWM1.7 to PWM1.0
DESCRIPTION
Pulse width ratio.
( PWM1 )
LOW/HIGH ratio of PWM1 signals = ---------------------------------------255 – ( PWM1 )
2000 Jul 26
123
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
19 PORT 1 OPERATION
20.2
Port 1 may be used to input up to 6 analog signals ADC.
Unused ADC inputs may be used to input digital inputs.
These inputs have an inherent hysteresis to prevent the
input logic from drawing excessive current from the power
lines when driven by analog signals. Channel to channel
crosstalk (Ct) should be taken into consideration when
both analog and digital signals are simultaneously input to
Port 3 (see Chapter 24 “DC Characteristics”).
The analog input circuitry consists of an 6-input analog
multiplexer and a 10-bit, straight binary, successive
approximation ADC. The A/D can also be operated in 8-bit
mode with faster conversion times by setting bit ADC8
(AUXR1.7). The 8-bit result will be contained in the ADCH
register. The analog reference voltage and analog power
supplies are connected via separate input pins. For 10-bit
accuracy, the conversion takes 50 machine cycles, i.e.,
25 µs at an oscillator frequency of 12 MHz. For the 8-bit
mode, the conversion takes 24 machine cycles. Input
voltage swing is from 0 V to +5 V. Because the internal
DAC employs a ratiometric potentiometer, there are no
discontinouties in the converter characteristic. Figure 48
shows a functional diagram of the analog input circuitry.
20 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC)
20.1
ADC features
• 10-bit resolution
• 6 multiplexed analog inputs
• Start of a conversion by software or with an external
signal
• Conversion time for one 10-bit analog-to-digital
conversion: 25 µs @ 12 MHz
• Differential non-linearity (DLe): ±1 LSB
• Integral non-linearity (ILe): ±2 LSB
The ADC has the option of either being powered off in Idle
mode for reduced power consumption or being active in
the Idle mode for reducing internal noise during the
conversion. This option is selected by the AIDL bit of
AUXR1 register (AUXR1.6). With the AIDL bit set, the ADC
is active in the Idle mode, and with the AIDL bit cleared,
the ADC is powered off in Idle mode.
• Offset error (OSe): ±2 LSB
• Gain error (Ge): ±4%
• Absolute voltage error (Ae): 3 LSB
• Channel-to-channel matching (Mctc): ±1 LSB
• Crosstalk between analog inputs (Ct): < 60 dB at
100 kHz
• Monotonic and no missing codes
• Separated analog (VSSA) and digital (VDD, VSS) supply
voltages
• Reference voltage special pin: Vref(p)(A).
For information on the ADC characteristics, refer to
Chapter 24.
2000 Jul 26
ADC functional description
124
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
handbook, full pagewidth
ADC0
ADC1
ADC2
ADC3
ADC4
ADC5
n.c.
n.c.
ADCON
+
ANALOG INPUT
MULTIPLEXER
ANALOG REF.
10-BIT A/D CONVERTER
ANALOG GROUND
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
ADCH
INTERNAL BUS
MHI050
Fig.48 Functional diagram of Analog Input Circuitry.
20.3
10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Conversion
Figure 48 shows the elements of a successive
approximation (SA) ADC. The ADC contains a DAC which
converts of a successive approximation register to a
voltage (VDAC) which is compared to the analog input
voltage (VIN). The output of the comparator is fed to the
successive approximation control logic which controls the
successive approximation register. A conversion is
initiated by setting ADCS in ADCON register. ADCS can
bet set by software only.
The software start mode is selected when control bit
ADCON.5 (ADEX) = 0. A conversion is then started by
setting control bit ADCON.3 (ADCS). The software start
mode is selected when ADCON.5 = 1, and a conversion
may be started by setting ADCON.3.
When a conversion is initiated, the conversion starts at the
beginning of the machine cycle which follows the
instruction that sets ADCS. ADCS is actually implemented
with two flip-flops; a command flip-flop which is affected by
set operations, and a status flag which is accessed during
read operations.
2000 Jul 26
The next two machine cycles are used to initiate the
converter. At the end of the first cycle, the ADCS status
flag is set and a value of “1” will be returned if the ADCS
flag is read while the conversion is progress. Sampling of
the analog input commences at the end of the second
cycle.
During the next eight machine cycles, the voltage at the
previously selected pin of port 1 is sampled, and this input
voltage should be stable in order to obtain a useful sample.
In any event, the input voltage slew rate must be less than
10 V/ms in order to prevent an undefined result.
The successive approximation control logic first sets the
most significant bit and clears all other bits in the
successive approximation register (10 0000 0000B). The
output of the DAC (50% full scale) is compared to the input
voltage VIN. If the input voltage is greater than VDAC, then
the bit remains set; otherwise it is cleared.
The successive approximation control logic now sets the
next most significant bit (11 0000 0000B or
01 0000 0000B, depending on the previous result), and
VDAC is compared to VIN again. If the input voltage is
greater than VDAC, then the bit being tested remains set;
125
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
otherwise the bit being tested is cleared. This process is
repeated until all ten bits have been tested, at which stage
the result of the conversion is held in the successive
approximation register. Figure 48 shows a conversion flow
chart. The bit pointer identifies the bit under test. The
conversion takes four machine cycles per bit.
time is 50 machine cycles for the P8xC591. ADCI will be
set and the ADCS status flag will be reset 50 (or 24) cycles
after the command flip-flop (ADCS) is set.
Control bits ADCON.0, ADCON.1, and ADCON.2 are used
to control an analog multiplexer which selects one of six
analog channels (see Section 20.3.1). An ADC conversion
in progress is unaffected by a new software ADC start. The
result of a completed conversion remains unaffected
provided ADCI = logic 1; a new ADC conversion already in
progress is aborted when the Idle or Power-down mode is
entered. The result of a completed conversion (ADCI =
logic 1) remains unaffected when entering the Idle mode.
The end of the 10-bit conversion is flagged by control bit
ADCON.4 (ADCI). The upper 8 bits of the result are held in
Special Function Register ADCH, and the two remaining
bits are held in ADCON.7 (ADC.1) and ADCON.6 (ADC.0).
The user may ignore the two least significant bits in
ADCON and use the ADC as an 8-bit converter (8 upper
bits in ADCH). In any event, the total actual conversion
handbook, full pagewidth
P8xC591
Vin
VDAC
DAC
VDAC
SUCCESSIVE
APPROXIMATION
REGISTER
SUCCESSIVE
APPROXIMATION
CONTROL LOGIC
START
STOP
full scale 1
15/16
Vin
3/4
59/64
29/32
7/8
1/2
0
1
2
3
4
5
t/tau
Fig.49 Successive Approximation ADC.
2000 Jul 26
126
6
MHI051
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
handbook, full pagewidth
SOC Start of conversion
RESET SAR
[BIT POINTER] = MSB
[BIT] N = 1
CONVERSION TIME
1
TEST
COMPLETE
0
[BIT] N = 0
[BIT POINTER] + 1
END
TEST BIT
POINTER
MHI052
END
EOC End of conversion
Fig.50 A/D Conversion Flowchart.
2000 Jul 26
127
P8xC591
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
20.3.1
P8xC591
ADC CONTROL REGISTER (ADCON)
Table 88 ADC Control Register (address C5H); Reset value = xx00 0000B
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ADC.1
ADC.0
ADEX
ADCI
ADCS
AADR2
AADR1
AADR0
Table 89 Description of ADCON bits
BIT
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
7
ADC.1
Bit 1 of ADC result.
6
ADC.0
Bit 0 of ADC result.
5
−
4
ADCI
ADC interrupt flag. This flag is set when an A/D conversion result is ready to be read.
An interrupt is invoked if its is enabled. The flag may be cleared by the interrupt service
routine. While this flag is set, the ADC cannot start a new conversion. ADCI cannot be
set by software.
3
ADCS
ADC start and status. Setting this bit starts an A/D conversion. It is set by software.
The ADC logic ensures that this signal is HIGH while the ADC is busy. On completion of
the conversion. ADCS is reset immediately after the interrupt flag has been set. ADCS
cannot be reset by software. A new conversion may not be started while either ADCS or
ADCI is high (see Table 90).
Reserved for future use.
If ADDCI is cleared by software while ADCS is set at the same time, a new A/D
conversion with the same channel number may be started.
But it is recommended to reset ADCI before ADCS is set.
2 to 0
AADR2 to
AADR0
Analogue input select: This binary coded address selects one of the six analogue port
bits of P1 to be input to the converter. It can only be changed when ADCI and ADCS are
both LOW.
Table 90 ADC status
ADCI
ADCS
ADC STATUS
0
0
ADC not busy; a conversion can be started
0
1
ADC busy; start of a new conversion is blocked
1
0
Conversion completed; start of a new conversion requires ADCI=0
1
1
Conversion completed; start of a new conversion requires ADCI=0
Table 91 Selected analog channel
AADR2
AADR1
AADR0
SELECTED ANALOG CHANNEL
0
0
0
ADC0 (P1.2)
0
0
1
ADC1 (P1.3)
0
1
0
ADC2 (P1.4)
0
1
1
ADC3 (P1.5)
1
0
0
ADC4 (P1.6)
1
0
1
ADC5 (P1.7)
2000 Jul 26
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Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
20.4
20.5
10-Bit ADC Resolution and Analog Supply
Figure 48 shows how the ADC is realized. The ADC has its
own analog ground (AVSS) and a positive analog reference
pin (Vref+) connected to each end of the DAC’s
resistance-ladder. The ladder has 1023 equally spaced
taps, separated by a resistance of “R”. The first tap is
located 0.5 x R above AVSS, and the last tap is located
1.5 x R below Vref+. This gives a total ladder resistance of
1024 x R. This structure ensures that the DAC is
monotonic and results in a symmetrical quantization error
is shown in Figure 48.
For input voltages between 0 V and + 1/2 LSB, the 10-bit
result of an A/D conversion will be 00 0000 0000B =
0000H. For input voltages between (Vref+) - 3/2 LSB and
Vref+, the result of a conversion will be 11 1111 1111B =
3FFFH. AVref+ may be between VDD +0.2 V and AVSS 0.2 V. AVref+ should be positive 0 V and AVref+. If the
analog input voltage range is from 2 V to 4 V, the 10-bit
resolution can be obtained over this range if AVref+ = 4 V.
The result can always can always be calculated from the
following formula:
V IN
Result = 1024 × ---------------AV ref+
P8xC591
Power Reduction Modes
The P8xC591 has two reduced power modes of operation:
the Idle mode and the Power-down mode. These modes
are entered by setting bits in the PCON Special Function
Register. When the P8xC591 enters the Idle mode, the
following functions are disabled:
CPU
Timer T2
PWM0, PWM1
ADC
(halted)
(halted and reset)
(reset; outputs are high)
(may be enabled for operation in Idle
mode by setting bit AIDC (AUXR1.6).
In Idle mode, the following functions remain active:
Timer 0
Timer 1
Timer T3
SIO0 SIO1
External interrupts
When the P8xC591 enters the Power-down mode, the
oscillator is stopped. The Power-down mode is entered by
setting the PD bit in the PCON register. The PD bit can
only be set if the ‘WDE’ bit is 0.
AVref+
handbook, full pagewidth
R/2
R
1023
R
1022
MSB
START
1021
Total resistance
= 1023R + 2 × R/
= 1024R
DECODER
SUCCESSIVE
APPROXIMATION
REGISTER
SUCCESSIVE
APPROXIMATION
CONTROL LOGIC
3
2
READY
R
1
R
LSB
0
R/2
AVSS
MHI053
Vref
Vin
Value 0000 0000 00
Value 1111 1111 11
COMPARATOR
is output for voltages 0 V + 1⁄2 LSB
is output for voltages (Vref+ ± 3⁄2 LSB) to Vref+
Fig.51 ADC Realization.
2000 Jul 26
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Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
handbook, full pagewidth
IN + 1
IN
SmN + 1
RmN + 1
SmN
RmN
+
Rs
to comparator
MULTIPLEXER
VANALOG
input
Cs
Cc
MHI054
Rm = 0.5 - 3 kΩ
CS + CC = 15 pF maximum
RS = Recommended < 9.6 kΩ for 1 LSB @ 12 MHz
Note:
Because the analog to digital converter has a sampled-data comparator, the input looks capacitive to a source. When a conversion is initiated, switch Sm
closes for 8 tCY (4 µs @ 12 MHz crystal frequency) during which time capacitance CS + CC is changed. It should be noted that the sampling causes the
analog input to prevent a varying load to an analog source.
Fig.52 A/D Input: Equivalent Circuit.
handbook, full pagewidth
101
CODE
OUT
100
011
010
001
000
0
q
2q
3q
4q
5q
Vin
QUANTIZATION ERROR
q = LSB = 5 mV
Vin − Vdigital
+q/2
Vin
−q/2
MHI055
SYMMETRICAL QUANTIZATION ERROR
Fig.53 Effective Conversion Characteristic.
2000 Jul 26
130
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
21 INTERRUPTS
21.1
The 8xC591 has fifteen interrupt sources, each of which
can be assigned one of four priority levels. The five
interrupt sources common to the 80C51 are the external
interrupts (INT0 and INT1), the timer 0 and timer 1
interrupts (lT0 and IT1), and the serial I/O interrupt (RI or
TI). In the 8xC591, the standard serial interrupt is called
SIO0.
Each interrupt source can be individually enabled or
disabled by setting or clearing a bit in the interrupt enable
Special Function Registers lENO and lEN1. All interrupt
sources can also be globally enabled or disabled by setting
or clearing bit EA in lENO. The interrupt enable registers
are described in Section 21.2.1 and 21.2.2).
The seven Timer T2 interrupts are generated by flags
CTl0-CTI3, CMl0-CMl1, and by the logical OR of flags
T2OV and T2BO. Flags CTl0 to CTI3 are set by input
signals CT0l to CT3I. The inputs INT2 to INT5 can be
regarded as 4 additional external interrupts, if the capture
facility of Timer T2 is not used (details see Timer T2 in
Section 16.1.4.1).
Flags CMl0 to CMl1 are set when a match occurs between
Timer T2 and the compare registers CM0 and CM1. When
an 8-bit or 16-bit overflow occurs, flags T2BO and T2OV
are set, respectively. These eight flags are not cleared by
hardware and must be reset by software to avoid recurring
interrupts.
The ADC interrupt is generated by the ADCl flag in the
ADC control register (ADCON). This flag is set when an
ADC conversion result is ready to be read. ADCl is not
cleared by hardware and must be reset by software to
avoid recurring interrupts. The SIO1 (I2C) interrupt is
generated by the SI flag in the SI01 control register
(S1CON). This flag is set when S1STA is loaded with a
valid status code.
The ADCl flag may be reset by software. It cannot be set
by software. All other flags that generate interrupts may be
set or cleared by software, and the effect is the same as
setting or resetting the flags by hardware. Thus, interrupts
may be generated by software and pending interrupts can
be cancelled by software.
A CAN interrupt is generated (vector address 006BH)
when one or more bits of CANCON register are set (refer
to CAN Section 12.5.5 Interrupt Register (IR) for details).
2000 Jul 26
Interrupt Enable Registers
There are 3 SFRs associated with each of the four-level
interrupts. They are the lENx, lPx, and lPxH (see
Section 21.2.3 to 21.2.6). The lPxH (Interrupt Priority
High) register makes the four-level interrupt structure
possible.
The function of the lPxH SFR is simple and when
combined with the lPx SFR determines the priority of each
interrupt. The priority of each interrupt is determined as
shown in the following table:
Table 92 Interrupt Priority Register
PRIORITY BITS
INTERRUPT PRIORITY LEVEL
IPxH.x
IPx.x
0
0
Level 0 (lowest priority)
0
1
Level 1
1
0
Level 2
1
1
Level 3 (highest priority)
The priority scheme for servicing the interrupts is the same
as that for the 80C51, except there are four interrupt levels
rather than two as on the 80C51. An interrupt will be
serviced as long as an interrupt of equal or higher priority
is not already being serviced. If an interrupt of equal or
higher level priority is being serviced, the new interrupt will
wait until it is finished before being serviced. If a lower
priority level interrupt is being serviced, it will be stopped
and the new interrupt serviced. When the new interrupt is
finished, the lower priority level interrupt that was stopped
will be completed.
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Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
21.2
P8xC591
Interrupt Enable and Priority Registers
INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER 0 (IEN0)
21.2.1
Logic 0 = interrupt disabled; logic 1 = interrupt enabled.
Table 93 Interrupt Enable Register 0 (address A8H)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
EA
EAD
ES1
ES0
ET1
EX1
ET0
EX0
Table 94 Description of IEN0 bits
BIT
SYMBOL
7
EA
DESCRIPTION
Global enable/disable control. If bit EA is:
LOW, then no interrupt is enabled.
HIGH, then any individually enabled interrupt will be accepted.
6
EAD
Enable ADC interrupt.
5
ES1
Enable SIO1 (I2C) interrupt.
4
ES0
Enable SIO0 (UART) interrupt.
3
ET1
Enable Timer 1 interrupt.
2
EX1
Enable External 1 interrupt / Seconds interrupt.
1
ET0
Enable Timer 0 interrupt.
0
EX0
Enable External 0 interrupt.
INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER 1 (IEN1)
21.2.2
Logic 0 = interrupt disabled; logic 1 = interrupt enabled.
Table 95 Interrupt Enable Register 1 (address E8H)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ET2
ECAN
ECM1
ECM0
ECT3
ECT2
ECT1
ECT0
Table 96 Description of IEN1 bits
BIT
SYMBOL
7
ET2
6
ECAN
Enable CAN interrupt.
5
ECM1
Enable T2 comparator 1 interrupt.
4
ECM0
Enable T2 comparator 0 interrupt.
3
ECT3
Enable T2 capture register 3 interrupt.
2
ECT1
Enable T2 capture register 2 interrupt.
1
ECT1
Enable T2 capture register 1 interrupt.
0
ECT0
Enable T2 capture register 0 interrupt.
2000 Jul 26
DESCRIPTION
Enable T2 overflow interrupt(s).
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Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
21.2.3
P8xC591
INTERRUPT PRIORITY REGISTER 0 (IP0)
Logic 0 = low priority; logic 1 = high priority.
Table 97 Interrupt Priority Register 0 (address B8H)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
−
PAD
PS1
PS0
PT1
PX1
PT0
PX0
Table 98 Description of IP0 bits
BIT
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
7
−
6
PAD
ADC interrupt priority level.
5
PS1
SIO1 (I2C) interrupt priority level.
4
PS0
SIO0 (UART) interrupt priority level.
3
PT1
Timer 1 interrupt priority level.
2
PX1
External interrupt 1/Seconds priority level.
1
PT0
Timer 0 interrupt priority level.
0
PX0
External interrupt 0 priority level.
Reserved for future use.
INTERRUPT PRIORITY HIGH REGISTER 0 (IP0H)
21.2.4
Logic 0 = low priority; logic 1 = high priority.
Table 99 Interrupt Priority High Register 0 (address B7H)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
−
PADH
PS1H
PS0H
PT1H
PX1H
PT0H
PX0H
Table 100Description of IP0H bits
BIT
SYMBOL
7
−
6
PADH
ADC interrupt priority level.
5
PS1H
SIO1 (I2C) interrupt priority level.
4
PS0H
SIO0 (UART) interrupt priority level.
3
PT1H
Timer 1 interrupt priority level.
2
PX1H
External interrupt 1/Seconds priority level.
1
PT0H
Timer 0 interrupt priority level.
0
PX0H
External interrupt 0 priority level.
2000 Jul 26
DESCRIPTION
Reserved for future use.
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Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
21.2.5
P8xC591
INTERRUPT PRIORITY REGISTER 1 (IP1)
Logic 0 = low priority; logic 1 = high priority.
Table 101Interrupt Priority Register 1 (address F8H)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PT2
PCAN
PCM1
PCM0
PCT3
PCT2
PCT1
PCT0
Table 102Description of IP1 bits
BIT
SYMBOL
DESCRIPTION
7
PT2
6
PCAN
CAN interrupt priority level.
5
PCM1
T2 comparator 1 interrupt priority level.
4
PCM0
T2 comparator 0 interrupt priority level.
3
PCT3
T2 capture register 3 interrupt priority level.
2
PCT2
T2 capture register 2 interrupt priority level.
1
PCT1
T2 capture register 1 interrupt priority level.
0
PCT0
T2 capture register 0 interrupt priority level.
T2 overflow interrupt(s) priority level.
INTERRUPT PRIORITY REGISTER HIGH 1 (IP1H)
21.2.6
Logic 0 = low priority; logic 1 = high priority.
Table 103Interrupt Priority Register High 1 (address F7H)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PT2
PCANH
PCM1H
PCM0H
PCT3H
PCT2H
PCT1H
PCT0H
Table 104Description of IP1H bits
BIT
SYMBOL
7
PT2
6
PCANH
CAN interrupt priority level high.
5
PCM1H
T2 comparator 1 interrupt priority level.
4
PCM0H
T2 comparator 0 interrupt priority level.
3
PCT3H
T2 capture register 3 interrupt priority level.
2
PCT2H
T2 capture register 2 interrupt priority level.
1
PCT1H
T2 capture register 1 interrupt priority level.
0
PCT0H
T2 capture register 0 interrupt priority level.
2000 Jul 26
DESCRIPTION
T2 overflow interrupt(s) priority level.
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Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
21.3
Interrupt priority
21.4
Table 105 Interrupt priority structure
SOURCE
External interrupt 0
SYMBOL
PRIORITY
WITHIN LEVEL
X0
(highest)
(I2C)
S1
↑
ADC completion
ADC
Timer 0 overflow
T0
SIO1
T2 capture 0
CT0
T2 compare 0
CM0
External interrupt 1
CT1
T2 compare 1
CM1
Timer 1 overflow
CT2
CAN
CAN
Serial I/O 0 (UART)
T2 compare 3
Timer T2 overflow
Table 106 Interrupt vector addresses
SOURCE
SYMBOL
VECTOR
X0
0003H
Timer 0 overflow
T0
000BH
External interrupt 1
X1
0013H
Timer 1 overflow
T1
001BH
Serial I/O 0 (UART)
S0
0023H
External interrupt 0
S0
CT3
↓
T2
(lowest)
(I2C)
S1
002BH
T2 capture 0
CT0
0033H
T2 capture 1
CT1
003BH
T2 capture 2
CT2
0043H
T2 capture 3
CT3
004BH
ADC completion
ADC
0053H
T2 compare 0
CM0
005BH
T2 compare 1
CM1
0063H
CAN interrupt
CAN
006BH
T2
0073H
SIO1
T1
T2 capture 2
Interrupt Vectors
The vector indicates the Program Memory location where
the appropriate interrupt service routine starts (see
Table 106).
X1
T2 capture 1
T2 overflow
2000 Jul 26
P8xC591
135
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
22 INSTRUCTION SET
For the description of the Data Addressing Modes and Hexadecimal opcode cross-reference see Table 111.
Table 107 Instruction set description: Arithmetic operations
MNEMONIC
DESCRIPTION
BYTES
CYCLES
OPCODE
(HEX)
Arithmetic operations
ADD
A,Rr
Add register to A
1
1
2*
ADD
A,direct
Add direct byte to A
2
1
25
ADD
A,@Ri
Add indirect RAM to A
1
1
26, 27
ADD
A,#data
Add immediate data to A
2
1
24
ADDC
A,Rr
Add register to A with carry flag
1
1
3*
ADDC
A,direct
Add direct byte to A with carry flag
2
1
35
ADDC
A,@Ri
Add indirect RAM to A with carry flag
1
1
36, 37
ADDC
A,#data
Add immediate data to A with carry flag
2
1
34
SUBB
A,Rr
Subtract register from A with borrow
1
1
9*
SUBB
A,direct
Subtract direct byte from A with borrow
2
1
95
SUBB
A,@Ri
Subtract indirect RAM from A with borrow
1
1
96, 97
SUBB
A,#data
Subtract immediate data from A with borrow
2
1
94
INC
A
Increment A
1
1
04
INC
Rr
Increment register
1
1
0*
INC
direct
Increment direct byte
2
1
05
INC
@Ri
Increment indirect RAM
1
1
06, 07
DEC
A
Decrement A
1
1
14
DEC
Rr
Decrement register
1
1
1*
DEC
direct
Decrement direct byte
2
1
15
DEC
@Ri
Decrement indirect RAM
1
1
16, 17
INC
DPTR
Increment data pointer
1
2
A3
MUL
AB
Multiply A and B
1
4
A4
DIV
AB
Divide A by B
1
4
84
DA
A
Decimal adjust A
1
1
D4
2000 Jul 26
136
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
Table 108 Instruction set description: Logic operations
MNEMONIC
DESCRIPTION
BYTES
CYCLES
OPCODE
(HEX)
Logic operations
ANL
A,Rr
AND register to A
1
1
5*
ANL
A,direct
AND direct byte to A
2
1
55
ANL
A,@Ri
AND indirect RAM to A
1
1
56, 57
ANL
A,#data
AND immediate data to A
2
1
54
ANL
direct,A
AND A to direct byte
2
1
52
ANL
direct,#data
AND immediate data to direct byte
3
2
53
ORL
A,Rr
OR register to A
1
1
4*
ORL
A,direct
OR direct byte to A
2
1
45
ORL
A,@Ri
OR indirect RAM to A
1
1
46, 47
ORL
A,#data
OR immediate data to A
2
1
44
ORL
direct,A
OR A to direct byte
2
1
42
ORL
direct,#data
OR immediate data to direct byte
3
2
43
XRL
A,Rr
Exclusive-OR register to A
1
1
6*
XRL
A,direct
Exclusive-OR direct byte to A
2
1
65
XRL
A,@Ri
Exclusive-OR indirect RAM to A
1
1
66, 67
XRL
A,#data
Exclusive-OR immediate data to A
2
1
64
XRL
direct,A
Exclusive-OR A to direct byte
2
1
62
XRL
direct,#data
Exclusive-OR immediate data to direct byte
3
2
63
CLR
A
Clear A
1
1
E4
CPL
A
Complement A
1
1
F4
RL
A
Rotate A left
1
1
23
RLC
A
Rotate A left through the carry flag
1
1
33
RR
A
Rotate A right
1
1
03
RRC
A
Rotate A right through the carry flag
1
1
13
SWAP
A
Swap nibbles within A
1
1
C4
2000 Jul 26
137
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
Table 109 Instruction set description: Data transfer
MNEMONIC
DESCRIPTION
OPCODE
(HEX)
BYTES
CYCLES
1
1
E*
2
1
E5
Data transfer
MOV
A,Rr
Move register to A
MOV
A,direct (Note 1) Move direct byte to A
MOV
A,@Ri
Move indirect RAM to A
1
1
E6, E7
MOV
A,#data
Move immediate data to A
2
1
74
MOV
Rr,A
Move A to register
1
1
F*
MOV
Rr,direct
Move direct byte to register
2
2
A*
MOV
Rr,#data
Move immediate data to register
2
1
7*
MOV
direct,A
Move A to direct byte
2
1
F5
MOV
direct,Rr
Move register to direct byte
2
2
8*
MOV
direct,direct
Move direct byte to direct
3
2
85
MOV
direct,@Ri
Move indirect RAM to direct byte
2
2
86, 87
MOV
direct,#data
Move immediate data to direct byte
3
2
75
MOV
@Ri,A
Move A to indirect RAM
1
1
F6, F7
MOV
@Ri,direct
Move direct byte to indirect RAM
2
2
A6, A7
MOV
@Ri,#data
Move immediate data to indirect RAM
2
1
76, 77
MOV
DPTR,#data 16
Load data pointer with a 16-bit constant
3
2
90
MOVC
A,@A+DPTR
Move code byte relative to DPTR to A
1
2
93
MOVC
A,@A+PC
Move code byte relative to PC to A
1
2
83
MOVX
A,@Ri
Move external RAM (8-bit address) to A
1
2
E2, E3
MOVX
A,@DPTR
Move external RAM (16-bit address) to A
1
2
E0
MOVX
@Ri,A
Move A to external RAM (8-bit address)
1
2
F2, F3
MOVX
@DPTR,A
Move A to external RAM (16-bit address)
1
2
F0
PUSH
direct
Push direct byte onto stack
2
2
C0
POP
direct
Pop direct byte from stack
2
2
D0
XCH
A,Rr
Exchange register with A
1
1
C*
XCH
A,direct
Exchange direct byte with A
2
1
C5
XCH
A,@Ri
Exchange indirect RAM with A
1
1
C6, C7
XCHD
A,@Ri
Exchange LOW-order digit indirect RAM with A
1
1
D6, D7
Note
1. MOV A,ACC is not permitted.
2000 Jul 26
138
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
Table 110 Instruction set description: Boolean variable manipulation, Program and machine control
MNEMONIC
DESCRIPTION
BYTES
CYCLES
OPCODE
(HEX)
Boolean variable manipulation
CLR
C
Clear carry flag
1
1
C3
CLR
bit
Clear direct bit
2
1
C2
SETB
C
Set carry flag
1
1
D3
SETB
bit
Set direct bit
2
1
D2
CPL
C
Complement carry flag
1
1
B3
CPL
bit
Complement direct bit
2
1
B2
ANL
C,bit
AND direct bit to carry flag
2
2
82
ANL
C,/bit
AND complement of direct bit to carry flag
2
2
B0
ORL
C,bit
OR direct bit to carry flag
2
2
72
ORL
C,/bit
OR complement of direct bit to carry flag
2
2
A0
MOV
C,bit
Move direct bit to carry flag
2
1
A2
MOV
bit,C
Move carry flag to direct bit
2
2
92
2
2
•1
Program and machine control
ACALL
addr11
Absolute subroutine call
LCALL
addr16
Long subroutine call
3
2
12
RET
Return from subroutine
1
2
22
RETI
Return from interrupt
1
2
32
AJMP
addr11
Absolute jump
2
2
♦1
LJMP
addr16
Long jump
3
2
02
SJMP
rel
Short jump (relative address)
2
2
80
JMP
@A+DPTR
Jump indirect relative to the DPTR
1
2
73
JZ
rel
Jump if A is zero
2
2
60
JNZ
rel
Jump if A is not zero
2
2
70
JC
rel
Jump if carry flag is set
2
2
40
JNC
rel
Jump if carry flag is not set
2
2
50
JB
bit,rel
Jump if direct bit is set
3
2
20
JNB
bit,rel
Jump if direct bit is not set
3
2
30
JBC
bit,rel
Jump if direct bit is set and clear bit
3
2
10
CJNE
A,direct,rel
Compare direct to A and jump if not equal
3
2
B5
CJNE
A,#data,rel
Compare immediate to A and jump if not equal
3
2
B4
CJNE
Rr,#data,rel
Compare immediate to register and jump if not equal
3
2
B*
CJNE
@Ri,#data,rel Compare immediate to indirect and jump if not equal
3
2
B6, B7
DJNZ
Rr,rel
Decrement register and jump if not zero
2
2
D*
DJNZ
direct,rel
Decrement direct and jump if not zero
3
2
D5
No operation
1
1
00
NOP
2000 Jul 26
139
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
Table 111 Description of the mnemonics in the Instruction set
MNEMONIC
DESCRIPTION
Data addressing modes
Rr
Working register R0-R7.
direct
128 internal RAM locations and any special function register (SFR).
@Ri
Indirect internal RAM location addressed by register R0 or R1 of the actual register bank.
#data
8-bit constant included in instruction.
#data 16
16-bit constant included as bytes 2 and 3 of instruction.
bit
Direct addressed bit in internal RAM or SFR.
addr16
16-bit destination address. Used by LCALL and LJMP.
The branch will be anywhere within the 64 Kbytes Program Memory address space.
addr11
11-bit destination address. Used by ACALL and AJMP. The branch will be within the same 2 Kbytes
page of Program Memory as the first byte of the following instruction.
rel
Signed (two's complement) 8-bit offset byte. Used by SJMP and all conditional jumps.
Range is −128 to +127 bytes relative to first byte of the following instruction.
Hexadecimal opcode cross-reference
*
8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.
•
1, 3, 5, 7, 9, B, D, F.
♦
0, 2, 4, 6, 8, A, C, E.
22.1
• Immediate Addressing
Addressing Modes
– Program Memory (in-code 8 bit or 16 bit constant)
Most instructions have a ‘destination, source’ field that
specifies the data type, addressing modes and operands
involved. For all these instructions, except for MOVs, the
destination operand is also the source operand
(e.g. ADD A,R7).
• Base-Register-plus-Index-Register-Indirect Addressing
– Program Memory look-up table
(@DPTR+A, @PC+A)
The first three addressing modes are usable for
destination operands.
There are five kinds of addressing modes:
• Register Addressing
– R0 - R7 (4 banks)
– A,B,C (bit), AB (2 bytes), DPTR (double byte)
• Direct Addressing
– lower 128 bytes of internal Main RAM (including the
4 R0-R7 register banks)
– Special Function Registers
– 128 bits in a subset of the internal Main RAM
– 128 bits in a subset of the Special Function Registers
• Register-Indirect Addressing
– internal Main RAM (@R0, @R1, @SP [PUSH/POP])
– internal Auxiliary RAM (@R0, @R1, @DPTR)
– external Data Memory (@R0, @R1, @DPTR)
2000 Jul 26
140
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
23 LIMITING VALUES
In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134); Note 1
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
MIN.
MAX.
UNIT
VDD
Voltage on VDD to VSS and SCL, SDA to VSS
−0.5
+6.5
V
VI
Input voltage on any other pin to VSS
−0.5
VDD + 0.5
V
II, IO
Input/output current on any I/O pin
−
5
mA
Ptot
Total power dissipation (Note 2)
−
1.0
W
Tstg
Storage temperature range
−65
+150
°C
Tamb
Operating ambient temperature range:
−40
+85
°C
−0.5
+13
V
P8xC591VFx
VPP
Voltage on EA/VPP to VSS
Notes
1. The following applies to the Absolute Maximum Ratings:
a) Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This
is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any conditions other than those described
in the Chapters 24 and 25 of this specification is not implied.
b) This product includes circuitry specifically designed for the protection of its internal devices from the damaging
effect of excessive static charge. However, its suggested that conventional precautions be taken to avoid
applying greater than the rated maxima.
c) Parameters are valid over operating temperature range unless otherwise specified. All voltages are with respect
to VSS unless otherwise noted.
2. This value is based on the maximum allowable die temperature and the thermal resistance of the package, not on
device power consumption.
2000 Jul 26
141
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
24 DC CHARACTERISTICS
VDD = 5 V ± 5%; VSS = 0 V; all voltages with respect to VSS unless otherwise specified;
Tamb = −40 to +85 °C for the P8xC591VFx; VDD = 5 V ± 5%; VSS = 0 V; AVSS = 0 V.
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN.
MAX.
UNIT
Supply
IDD
operating supply current
tCLK = 12 MHz
see Notes 2 and 3
IID
supply current Idle mode
tCLK = 12 MHz
see Notes 2 and 4
IPD
supply current Power-down mode
2 V < VPD < VDD;
see Notes 2 and 5
−
45
mA
25
mA
100
µA
Inputs
VIL
LOW level input voltage
(except P1.0, P1.1, P1.6, P1.7)
-0.5
0.2 VDD − 0.1
V
VIL1
LOW level input voltage EA
-0.5
0.2 VDD − 0.3
V
VIL2
LOW level input voltage P1.0 and P1.1
0.2 VDD
V
VIL3
LOW level input voltage P1.6 and P1.7
0.3 VDD
V
VIH
HIGH level input voltage (except P1.0,
P1.1, P1.6, P1.7, XTAL1, RST)
0.2 VDD + 0.9 VDD + 0.5
V
VIH1
HIGH level input voltage XTAL1, RST
0.7 VDD
VDD + 0.5
V
VIH2
HIGH level input voltage P1.6 and P1.7
0.7 VDD
6
V
VIH3
HIGH level input voltage P1.0 and P1.1
0.8 VDD
VDD
V
IIL
LOW level input current Ports 1, 2, and 3 VIN = 0.45 V
in pseudo-bidirectional output mode
(except P1.6, P1.7)
−1
−50
µA
ITL
input current HIGH-to-LOW transition
Ports 1, 2, 3 in pseudo-bidirectional
output mode (except P1.6, P1.7)
−650
µA
IIL1
input leakage current, Ports 0, 2, 3 and
P1.0, P1.1 in high impedance
configurations
0.45 V < VIN < VDD
±10
µA
IIL2
input leakage current, Port 1
(except P1.0, P1.1)
0.45 V < VIN < VDD
1
µA
2000 Jul 26
see Note 6
see Note 6
142
−0.5
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
P8xC591
CONDITIONS
MIN.
MAX.
UNIT
Outputs
VOL
LOW level output voltage Ports 1, 2, 3
(except P1.0, P1.6, P1.7)
IOL = 1.6 mA;
see Note 8
0.4
V
VOL1
LOW level output voltage Port 0, ALE,
PSEN, RST, PWM0, PWM1
IOL = 3.2; see Note 8
0.4
V
VOL2
LOW level output voltage P1.6, P1.7
IOL = 3.0 mA;
see Note 8
−
0.4
V
VOL3
LOW level output voltage P1.0 and P1.1
IOL = 8.0 mA
−
0.3 VDD
V
VOH
HIGH level output voltage Ports 1, 2, 3 in IOH = -60 µA
pseudo-bidirectional output mode (except
P1.1, P1.6 and P1.7
VOH1
HIGH level output voltage Port 0 and
Port 2 in external bus mode,
Port 2 in push-pull mode, ALE, PSEN,
PWM0, PWM1
VOH2
2.4
V
VDD −0.7
V
HIGH level output voltage, P1.0 and P1.1 IOH = −1.6 mA
0.7 VDD
V
VOH3
HIGH level output voltage, Ports 1, 2, 3 in IOH = −1.6 mA
push-pull output mode (except P1.0,
P1.1, P1.6, P1.7)
VDD −0.7
V
RRST
RST pull-up resistor
40
225
kΩ
CI/O
I/O pin capacitance
−
15
pF
AVSS − 0.2
VDD + 0.2
V
IOH = −3.2 mA;
see Note 9
test frequency = 1 MHz;
Tamb = 25 °C
Analog inputs
AVIN
analog input voltage
AVref+
reference voltage
−
VDD + 0.2
V
RREF
resistance between AVref+ and AVSS
10
50
kΩ
CIA
analog input capacitance
−
15
pF
tADS
sampling time
−
5 tcy; Note 1
8 tcy
µs
µs
tADC
conversion time (including sampling time)
−
24 tcy; Note 1 µs
50 tcy
µs
−
±1
LSB
−
±1; Note 1
LSB
−
±2
LSB
−
±1; Note 1
LSB
−
±2
LSB
−
±0.4
%
−
±3
LSB
−
±1
LSB
−60
dB
DLe
differential non-linearity
ILe8
integral non-linearity (8-bit mode)
ILe
integral non-linearity
OSe8
offset error (8-bit mode)
OSe
offset error
Ge
gain error
Ae
absolute voltage error
Mctc
channel-to-channel matching
Ct
crosstalk between analog inputs of Port 1 0 to 100 kHz; see Notes −
17, 18
2000 Jul 26
see Notes 10, 11, 12
see Notes 10, 13
see Notes 10, 15
see Notes 10, 16
143
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
Notes to the DC characteristics
1. 8-bit mode
2. See Figures 62 through 64 for IDD test conditions.
3. The operating supply current is measured with all output pins disconnected; XTAL1 driven with
tr = tf = 10 ns; VIL = VSS + 0.5 V; VIH = VDD − 0.5 V; XTAL2 not connected; EA = Port 0 = VDD; = RST = VSS.
4. The Idle mode supply current is measured with all output pins disconnected; XTAL1 driven with tr = tf = 10 ns;
VIL = VSS + 0.5 V; VIH = VDD − 0.5 V; XTAL2 not connected; Port 0 = RST = VDD; EA = VSS.
5. The Power-down current is measured with all output pins disconnected; XTAL2 not connected;
RST = Port 0 = VDD; EA = XTAL1 = VSS.
6. The input threshold voltage of P1.6 and P1.7 (SIO1) meets the I2C specification, so an input voltage below 1.5 V will
be recognized as a logic 0 while an input voltage above 3.0 V will be recognized as a logic 1.
7. Pins of Port 1 (except P1.6, P1.7), 2 and 3 source a transition current when they are being externally driven from
HIGH to LOW. The transition current reaches its maximum value when VIN is approximately 2 V.
8. Capacitive loading on Ports 0 and 2 may cause spurious noise to be superimposed on the VOL of ALE and
Ports 1 and 3. The noise is due to external bus capacitance discharging into the Port 0 and Port 2 pins when these
pins make HIGH-to-LOW transitions during bus operations. In the worst cases (capacitive loading > 100pF), the
noise pulse on the ALE pin may exceed 0.8 V. In such cases, it may be desirable to qualify ALE with a Schmitt
Trigger, or use an address latch with a Schmitt Trigger STROBE input. IOL can exceed these conditions provided that
no single outputs sinks more than 5 mA and no more than two outputs exceed in the test conditions.
9. Capacitive loading on Ports 0 and 2 may cause the VOH on ALE and PSEN to momentarily fall below the 0.9 VDD
specification when the address bits are stabilizing.
10. Conditions: AVSS = 0 V; VDD = 5.0 V. Measurement by continuous conversion of AVIN = −20 mV to 5.12 V in steps
of 0.5 mV, derivating parameters from collected conversion results of ADC. AVREF+ (P8xC591) = 4.977 V, ADC is
monotonic with not missing codes.
11. The differential non-linearity (DLe) is the difference between the actual step width and the ideal step width (see
Fig.54).
12. The ADC is monotonic; there are no missing codes.
13. The integral non-linearity (ILe) is the peak difference between the centre of the steps of the actual and the ideal
transfer curve after appropriate adjustment of gain and offset error (see Fig.54).
14. The offset error (OSe) is the absolute difference between the straight line which fits the actual transfer curve (after
removing gain error), and a straight line which fits the ideal transfer curve (see Fig.54).
15. The gain error (Ge) is the relative difference in percent between the straight line fitting the actual transfer curve (after
removing offset error), and the straight line which fits the ideal transfer curve. Gain error is constant at every point
on the transfer curve (see Fig.54).
16. The absolute voltage error (Ae) is the maximum difference between the centre of the steps of the actual transfer curve
of the non-calibrated ADC and the ideal transfer curve.
17. This should be considered when both analog and digital signals are simultaneously input to Port 1.
18. The parameter is guaranteed by design and characterized, but is not production tested.
2000 Jul 26
144
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
offset error OSe
handbook, full pagewidth
gain error Ge
1023
1022
1021
1020
1019
(2)
1018
code
out
7
(1)
6
5
(5)
4
(4)
3
2
(3)
1
0
1 LSB (ideal)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024
Vin(A) (LSBideal
)
AV REF+
1LSB ideal = ------------------1024
offset error
OSe
MGD634
(1) Example of an actual transfer curve.
(2) The ideal transfer curve.
(3) Differential non-linearity (DLe).
(4) Integral non-linearity (ILe).
(5) Centre of a step of the actual transfer curve.
Fig.54 ADC conversion characteristic.
2000 Jul 26
145
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
25 AC CHARACTERISTICS
VDD = 5 V ± 5%; VSS = 0 V; Tamb = −40 °C to +85°C; CL = 100 pF for Port 0, ALE and PSEN; CL = 80 pF for all other
outputs unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL
12 MHz CLOCK
VARIABLE CLOCK
UNIT
MIN.
MIN.
MAX.
3.5
12
MHz
PARAMETER
MAX.
External Program Memory; see Fig.55
1/fCLK
System clock frequency; see Note 1
tLHLL
ALE pulse width
58
−
tCLK − 25
−
ns
tAVLL
address valid to ALE LOW
17
−
0.5 tCLK − 25
−
ns
tLLAX
address hold after ALE LOW
17
−
0.5 tCLK − 25
−
ns
tLLIV
ALE LOW to valid instruction in
−
102
−
2 tCLK − 65
ns
tLLPL
ALE LOW to PSEN LOW
17
−
0.5 tCLK − 25
−
ns
tPLPH
PSEN pulse width
80
−
1.5 tCLK − 45
−
ns
tPLIV
PSEN LOW to valid instruction in
−
65
−
1.5 tCLK − 60
ns
tPXIX
input instruction hold after PSEN
0
−
0
−
ns
tPXIZ
input instruction float after PSEN
−
17
−
0.5 tCLK − 25
ns
tAVIV
address to valid instruction in
−
128
−
2.5 tCLK − 80
ns
tPLAZ
PSEN LOW to address float
−
10
−
10
ns
−
3 tCLK − 100
−
ns
External Data Memory; see Fig.56 and Fig.57
tRLRH
RD pulse width
150
tWLWH
WR pulse width
150
−
3 tCLK − 100
−
ns
tRLDV
RD LOW to valid data in
−
118
−
2.5 tCLK − 90
ns
tRHDX
data hold after RD
0
−
0
−
ns
tRHDZ
data float after RD
−
63
−
tCLK − 20
ns
tLLDV
ALE LOW to valid data in
−
183
−
4 tCLK − 150
ns
tAVDV
address to valid data in
−
210
−
4.5 tCLK − 165 ns
tLLWL
ALE LOW to RD or WR LOW
75
175
1.5 tCLK − 50
1.5 tCLK + 50
ns
tAVWL
address valid to RD or WR LOW
92
−
2 tCLK − 75
−
ns
tQVWX
data valid to WR transition
12
−
0.5 tCLK − 30
−
ns
tWHQX
data hold after WR
6
−
0.5 tCLK − 25
−
ns
tQVWH
data valid time WR HIGH
162
−
3.5 tCLK − 130
−
ns
tRLAZ
RD LOW to address float
−
0
−
0
ns
tWHLH
RD or WR HIGH to ALE HIGH
17
67
0.5 tCLK − 25
0.5 tCLK + 25
ns
ns
External Clock; see Fig.58
tCHCX
high time
37.5
45.8
tCLK × 0.45
tCLK × 0.55
tCLCX
low time
37.5
45.8
tCLK × 0.45
tCLK × 0.55
ns
tCLCH
rise time
−
20
−
20
ns
tCHCL
fall time
−
20
−
20
ns
2000 Jul 26
146
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
SYMBOL
P8xC591
12 MHz CLOCK
VARIABLE CLOCK
MIN.
MAX.
MIN.
MAX.
UNIT
PARAMETER
UART Timing - Shift Register Mode; see Fig.59
tXLXL
serial port clock cycle time
500
−
6 tCLK
−
ns
tQVXH
output data setup to clock rising edge
284
−
5 tCLK − 133
−
ns
tXHQX
output data hold after clock rising edge
53
−
tCLK−30
−
ns
tXHDX
input data hold after clock rising edge
0
−
0
−
ns
tXHDV
clock rising edge to input data valid
−
284
−
5 tCLK−133
ns
Note
1. Parts a guaranteed to operate down to 0 Hz.
Table 112 I2C-bus interface timing
All values referred to VIH(min) and VIL(max) levels; see Fig.61.
I2C-BUS
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
INPUT
OUTPUT
tHD;STA
START condition hold time
≥ 7 tCLK
> 4.0 µs(1)
tLOW
LOW period of the SCL clock
≥ 8 tCLK
> 4.7 µs(1)
tHIGH
HIGH period of the SCL clock
≥ 7 tCLK
> 4.0 µs(1)
tRC
rise time of SCL signals
≤ 1 µs
− (2)
tFC
fall time of SCL signals
≤ 0.3 µs
< 3.0 µs(3)
tSU;DAT1
data set-up time
≥ 250 ns
> 10 tCLK − tRD
tSU;DAT2
SDA set-up time (before repeated START condition)
≥ 250 ns
> 1 µs(1)
tSU;DAT3
SDA set-up time (before STOP condition)
≥ 250 ns
> 4 tCLK
tHD;DAT
data hold time
≥ 0 ns
> 4 tCLK − tFC
tSU;STA
set-up time for a repeated START condition
≥ 7 tCLK
> 4.7 µs(1)
tSU;STO
set-up time for STOP condition
≥ 7 tCLK
> 4.0 µs(1)
tBUF
bus free time between
≥ 7 tCLK
> 4.7 µs(1)
tRD
rise time of SDA signals
≤ 1 µs
− (2)
tFD
fall time of SDA signals
≤ 0.3 µs
< 0.3 µs(3)
Notes
1. At 100 kbit/s. At other bit rates this value is inversely proportional to the bit-rate of 100 kbit/s.
2. Determined by the external bus-line capacitance and the external bus-line pull-resistor, this must be < 1 µs.
3. Spikes on the SDA and SCL lines with a duration of less than 3 tCLK will be filtered out. Maximum capacitance on
bus-lines SDA and SCL = 400 pF.
4. tCLK = 1/fCLK = one oscillator clock period at pin XTAL1. For 83 ns < tCLK < 285 ns (12 MHz > fCLK > 3.5 MHz) the
SI01 interface meets the I2C-bus specification for bit-rates up to 100 kbit/s.
5. These values are guaranteed but not 100% production tested.
2000 Jul 26
147
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
handbook, full pagewidth
P8xC591
t LHLL
ALE
t LLPL
t AVLL
t PLPH
t LLIV
t PLIV
PSEN
t LLAX
t PXIZ
t PLAZ
PORT 0
A0 - A7
t PXIX
INSTR IN
A0 - A7
t AVIV
PORT 2
A8 - A15
A8 - A15
MBC483 - 1
Fig.55 External program memory read cycle.
2000 Jul 26
148
2000 Jul 26
149
PORT 2
PORT 0
RD
PSEN
ALE
t LLAX
t AVDV
t LLDV
t RLDV
t RLRH
DATA IN
t RHDX
P2.0 - P2.7 or A8 - A15 from DPH
t AVWL
A0 - A7
from RI or DPL
t AVLL
t LLWL
Fig.56 External data memory read cycle.
t RHDZ
t WHLH
A8 - A15 from PCH
A0 - A7 from PCL
MBC485 - 1
INSTR IN
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN
controller
handbook, full pagewidth
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
P8xC591
2000 Jul 26
150
PORT 2
PORT 0
WR
PSEN
ALE
t LLAX
DATA OUT
t QVWH
t QVWX
t WLWH
P2.0 - P2.7 or A8 - A15 from DPH
t AVWL
A0 - A7
from RI or DPL
t AVLL
t LLWL
A8 - A15 from PCH
A0 - A7 from PCL
Fig.57 External data memory write cycle.
t WHQX
t WHLH
MBC486 - 1
INSTR IN
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN
controller
andbook, full pagewidth
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
P8xC591
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
t HIGH
handbook, full pagewidth
V IH1
tr
tf
V IH1
0.8 V
V IH1
0.8 V
P8xC591
V IH1
0.8 V
0.8 V
t LOW
t CLK
MGA175
Fig.58 External clock drive XTAL1.
INSTRUCTION
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
handbook, full pagewidth
ALE
t XLXL
CLOCK
t XHQX
t QVXH
OUTPUT DATA
t XHDX
WRITE TO SBUF
INPUT DATA
t XHDV
VALID
SET TI
VALID
VALID
VALID
VALID
CLEAR RI
VALID
MBC475
Fig.59 Shift register mode timing waveforms.
2000 Jul 26
VALID
151
VALID
SET RI
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
2.4 V
handbook, full pagewidth
P8xC591
2.0 V
test points
0.8 V
0.45 V
(a)
float
2.4 V
0.45 V
2.0 V
2.0 V
0.8 V
0.8 V
(b)
2.4 V
0.45 V
MGA174
AC testing inputs are driven at 2.4 V for a HIGH and 0.45 V for a LOW.
Timing measurements are taken at 2.0 V for a HIGH and 0.8 V for a LOW, see Fig.60 (a).
The float state is defined as the point at which a Port 0 pin sinks 3.2 mA or sources 400 µA at the voltage test levels, see Fig.60 (b).
Fig.60 AC testing input, output waveform (a) and float waveform (b).
2000 Jul 26
152
2000 Jul 26
SCL
(input / output)
SDA
(input / output)
153
t HD;STA
t FD
t LOW
t RC
t FC
t HIGH
t RD
START or repeated START condition
t HD;DAT
Fig.61 I2C interface timing.
t SU;DAT1
STOP condition
MBC482
0.3 VDD
0.7 V DD
START condition
t BUF
t SU;DAT3
0.3 VDD
0.7 VDD
t SU;STO
t SU;STA
t SU;DAT2
repeated START condition
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN
controller
handbook, full pagewidth
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
P8xC591
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
IDD (mA)
50
40
maximum active IDD
30
20
10
3
6
9
12
(MHz)
frequency at XTAL1
Fig.62 IDD as a function of frequency.
handbook, full pagewidth
VDD
VDD
IDD
VDD
P1.6
VDD
P1.7
RST
(n.c.)
XTAL2
CLOCK SIGNAL
XTAL1
P0
P8xC591
EA
AVSS
VSS
MHI056
All other pins are disconnected.
(1) The following pins must be forced to VDD: EA and Port 0.
(2) The following pins must be forced to VSS: AVSS and RST.
(3) Port 1.6 and 1.7 should be connected to VDD through resistors of sufficiently high value such that the sink current into these pins cannot exceed
the IOL1 spec of the pins.
(4) The following pins must be disconnected: XTAL2 and all pins not specified above.
(5) Note, during reset = active the power consumption will be reduced by an internal clock divider by two.
Fig.63 IDD Test Conditions, Active Mode.
2000 Jul 26
154
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
VDD
handbook, full pagewidth
P8xC591
VDD
IDD
VDD
P1.6
VDD
P1.7
RST
P0
(n.c.)
XTAL2
CLOCK SIGNAL
XTAL1
P8xC591
EA
AVSS
VSS
MHI057
All other pins are disconnected.
(1) The following pins must be forced to VDD: Port 0 and RST.
(2) The following pins must be forced to VSS: AVSS and EA.
(3) Port 1.6 and 1.7 should be connected to VDD through resistors of sufficiently high value such that the sink current into these pins cannot exceed
the IOL1 spec of the pins. These pins must not have logic 0 written to them prior to this measurement.
(4) The following pins must be disconnected: XTAL2 and all pins not specified above.
Fig.64 IDD Test Condition, Idle Mode.
handbook, full pagewidth
VDD−0.5
0.7 VDD
0.2 VDD−0.1
0.5 V
tCHCL
tCHCX
tCHCL
tCLCX
tCLK
MHI058
Fig.65 Clock Signal Waveform for IDD Tests in Active and Idle Modes tCLCH = tCHCL = 10 ns.
2000 Jul 26
155
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
handbook, full pagewidth
VDD
P8xC591
VDD
IDD
VDD
P1.6
VDD
P1.7
RST
P0
(n.c.)
XTAL2
CLOCK SIGNAL
XTAL1
P8xC591
EA
AVSS
VSS
MHI057
All other pins are disconnected. VDD = 2 V to 5.5 V
(1) The following pins must be forced to VDD: Port 0 and RST.
(2) The following pins must be forced to VSS: AVSS and EA.
(3) Port 1.6 and 1.7 should be connected to VDD through resistors of sufficiently high value such that the sink current into these pins cannot exceed
the IOL1 spec of the pins. These pins must not have logic 0 written to them prior to this measurement.
(4) The following pins must be disconnected: XTAL2 and all pins not specified above.
Fig.66 IDD Test Condition, Power-down Mode.
2000 Jul 26
156
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
25.1
Timing symbol definitions
P8xC591
26 EPROM CHARACTERISTICS
The P8xC591 contains three signature bytes that can be
read and used by an EPROM programming system to
identify the device. The signature bytes identify the device
as an P8xC591 manufactured by Philips:
Oscillator:
fCLK = clock frequency
tCLK = clock period
• (030H) = 15H indicates manufactured by Philips
• (0031H) = 98H indicates Hamburg
• (60H) = 01H indicates P87C591
Timing symbols (acronyms):
Each timing symbol has five characters. The first character
is always a 't' (= time). the remaining four characters of the
symbol (typed in subscript), depending on their relative
positions, indicate the name of a signal or the logical status
of that signal. the designations are as follows:
26.1
Program verification
If security bits 2 or 3 have not been programmed, the
on-chip program memory can be read out for program
verification.
A =address
C = clock
If the encryption table has been programmed, the data
presented at port 0 will be exclusive NOR of the program
byte with one of the encryption bytes. The user will have to
know the encryption table contents in order to correctly
decode the verification data. The encryption table itself
cannot be read out.
D = input data
H = logic level HIGH
I = instruction (program memory contents)
L = Logic level LOW or ALE
P = PSEN
Q = output data
26.2
R = RD signal
With none of the security bits programmed the code in the
program memory can be verified. If the encryption table is
programmed, the code will be encrypted when verified.
When only security bit 1 (see Table 113) is programmed,
MOVC instructions executed from external program
memory are disabled from fetching code bytes from the
internal memory. EA is latched on Reset and all further
programming of the EPROM is disabled. When security
bits 1 and 2 are programmed, in addition to the above,
verify mode is disabled.
t = time
V = valid
W = WR signal
X = no longer a valid logic level
Z = float
Examples:
tAVLL = time for address valid to ALE LOW
tLLPL = time for ALE LOW to PSEN LOW
Security bits
When all three security bits are programmed, all of the
conditions above apply and all external program memory
execution is disabled.
Table 113 Program security bits for EPROM devices
P = programmed; U = unprogrammed.
PROGRAM
LOCK BITS(1)
SB1 SB2 SB3
PROTECTION DESCRIPTION
1
U
U
U
No Program Security features enabled. (Code verify will still be encrypted by the
Encryption Array if programmed.).
2
P
U
U
MOVC instructions executed from external Program Memory are disabled from
fetching code bytes from internal memory, EA is sampled and latched on reset,
and further programming of the EPROM is disabled.
3
P
P
U
Same as 2, also verify is disabled.
4
P
P
P
Same as 3, and external memory execution is disabled.
Note
1. Any other combination of the security bits is not defined.
2000 Jul 26
157
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
27 PACKAGE OUTLINES
PLCC44: plastic leaded chip carrier; 44 leads
SOT187-2
eD
eE
y
X
39
A
29
28
40
bp
ZE
b1
w M
44
1
E
HE
pin 1 index
A
A4 A1
e
(A 3)
6
β
18 k 1
Lp
k
7
detail X
17
e
v M A
ZD
D
B
HD
v M B
0
5
10 mm
scale
DIMENSIONS (millimetre dimensions are derived from the original inch dimensions)
k1
max.
Lp
v
w
y
0.51
1.44
1.02
0.18
0.18
0.10
Z D(1) Z E (1)
max. max.
UNIT
A
A1
min.
A3
A4
max.
bp
b1
mm
4.57
4.19
0.51
0.25
3.05
0.53
0.33
0.81
0.66
0.180
0.020 0.01
0.165
0.12
0.630 0.630 0.695 0.695 0.048
0.057
0.021 0.032 0.656 0.656
0.020
0.05
0.007 0.007 0.004 0.085 0.085
0.590 0.590 0.685 0.685 0.042
0.040
0.013 0.026 0.650 0.650
inches
D (1)
E (1)
e
eD
eE
HD
HE
k
16.66 16.66
16.00 16.00 17.65 17.65 1.22
1.27
16.51 16.51
14.99 14.99 17.40 17.40 1.07
2.16
β
2.16
45 o
Note
1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.01 inches maximum per side are not included.
REFERENCES
OUTLINE
VERSION
IEC
JEDEC
SOT187-2
112E10
MO-047AC
2000 Jul 26
EIAJ
EUROPEAN
PROJECTION
ISSUE DATE
95-02-25
97-12-16
158
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
P8xC591
QFP44: plastic quad flat package; 44 leads (lead length 1.3 mm); body 10 x 10 x 1.75 mm
SOT307-2
c
y
X
A
33
23
34
22
ZE
e
Q
E HE
A A2
wM
(A 3)
A1
θ
bp
Lp
pin 1 index
L
12
44
1
detail X
11
wM
bp
e
ZD
v M A
D
B
HD
v M B
0
2.5
5 mm
scale
DIMENSIONS (mm are the original dimensions)
UNIT
A
max.
A1
A2
A3
bp
c
D (1)
E (1)
e
HD
HE
L
Lp
Q
v
w
y
mm
2.10
0.25
0.05
1.85
1.65
0.25
0.40
0.20
0.25
0.14
10.1
9.9
10.1
9.9
0.8
12.9
12.3
12.9
12.3
1.3
0.95
0.55
0.85
0.75
0.15
0.15
0.1
Z D (1) Z E (1)
1.2
0.8
1.2
0.8
θ
Note
1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.25 mm maximum per side are not included.
OUTLINE
VERSION
REFERENCES
IEC
JEDEC
EIAJ
ISSUE DATE
92-11-17
95-02-04
SOT307-2
2000 Jul 26
EUROPEAN
PROJECTION
159
o
10
0o
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary Specification
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller with CAN controller
28 SOLDERING
28.1
28.1.1
Plastic leaded-chip carriers/quad flat-packs
BY WAVE
During placement and before soldering, the component
must be fixed with a droplet of adhesive. After curing the
adhesive, the component can be soldered. The adhesive
can be applied by screen printing, pin transfer or syringe
dispensing.
Maximum permissible solder temperature is 260 °C, and
maximum duration of package immersion in solder bath is
10 s, if allowed to cool to less than 150 °C within 6 s.
Typical dwell time is 4 s at 250 °C.
A modified wave soldering technique is recommended
using two solder waves (dual-wave), in which a turbulent
wave with high upward pressure is followed by a smooth
laminar wave. Using a mildly-activated flux eliminates the
need for removal of corrosive residues in most
applications.
28.1.2
BY SOLDER PASTE REFLOW
P8xC591
Several techniques exist for reflowing; for example,
thermal conduction by heated belt, infrared, and
vapour-phase reflow. Dwell times vary between 50 and
300 s according to method. Typical reflow temperatures
range from 215 to 250 °C.
Preheating is necessary to dry the paste and evaporate
the binding agent. Preheating duration: 45 min at 45 °C.
28.1.3
REPAIRING SOLDERED JOINTS (BY HAND-HELD
SOLDERING IRON OR PULSE-HEATED SOLDER TOOL)
Fix the component by first soldering two, diagonally
opposite, end pins. Apply the heating tool to the flat part of
the pin only. Contact time must be limited to 10 s at up to
300 °C. When using proper tools, all other pins can be
soldered in one operation within 2 to 5 s at between 270
and 320 °C. (Pulse-heated soldering is not recommended
for SO packages.
For pulse-heated solder tool (resistance) soldering of VSO
packages, solder is applied to the substrate by dipping or
by an extra thick tin/lead plating before package
placement.
Reflow soldering requires the solder paste (a suspension
of fine solder particles, flux and binding agent) to be
applied to the substrate by screen printing, stencilling or
pressure-syringe dispensing before device placement.
29 DEFINITIONS
Data sheet status
Objective specification
This data sheet contains target or goal specifications for product development.
Preliminary specification
This data sheet contains preliminary data; supplementary data may be published later.
Product specification
This data sheet contains final product specifications.
Limiting values
Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). Stress above one or
more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation
of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of this specification
is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Application information
Where application information is given, it is advisory and does not form part of the specification.
30 LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS
These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these
products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips customers using or selling these products for
use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips for any damages resulting from such
improper use or sale.
2000 Jul 26
160