® PSoC Creator™ Component Datasheet Inverting Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA_Inv) 1.70 Features Gain steps from –1 to –49 High input impedance Adjustable power settings General Description The Inverting Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA_Inv) component implements an opamp-based inverting amplifier with user-programmable gain. It is derived from the switched capacitor/continuous time (SC/CT) block. The inverting gain can be between –1.0 (0 dB) and –49.0 (+33.8 dB). The gain can be selected using configuration or changed at run time using the provided API. The maximum bandwidth is limited by the gain-bandwidth of the opamp and is reduced as the gain is increased. The input of the PGA_Inv operates from rail to rail, but the maximum input swing (difference between Vin and Vref) is limited to VDDA/Gain. The output of the PGA_Inv is class A, and is rail to rail for sufficiently high load resistance. The PGA_Inv is used when an input signal has insufficient amplitude and the preferred output polarity is the inverse of the input. You can place a PGA_Inv in front of a comparator, ADC, or mixer to increase the signal amplitude. You can use a unity gain PGA_Inv following another gain stage or buffer to generate differential outputs. Input/Output Connections This section describes the various input and output connections for the PGA_Inv. An asterisk (*) in the list of I/Os indicates that the I/O may be hidden on the symbol under the conditions listed in the description of that I/O. Vin – Analog Vin is the input signal terminal. Vref – Analog Vref is the input terminal for a reference signal. The reference input has a high impedance and may be connected to fixed reference (for example, V DDA/2), VDAC output ,or routed to a pin. Cypress Semiconductor Corporation • 198 Champion Court • San Jose, CA 95134-1709 • 408-943-2600 Document Number: 001-70856 Rev. *A Revised November 1, 2011 Inverting Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA_Inv) ® PSoC Creator™ Component Datasheet Vout – Analog Vout is the output voltage signal terminal. Vout is a function of (Vin – Vref) times the Gain: Vout = Vref + (Vin – Vref) × Gain where Gain is a negative value Component Parameters Drag a PGA_Inv component onto your design and double-click it to open the Configure dialog. Inverting_Gain This parameter is used to set the default gain of the amplifier. The allowable inverting gains provided are: –1 (default), –3, –7, –15, –22, –24, –31, –47, and –49. Page 2 of 13 Document Number: 001-70856 Rev. *A ® PSoC Creator™ Component Datasheet Inverting Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA_Inv) Power This sets the initial drive power of the PGA_Inv. The Power setting determines the speed with which the PGA_Inv responds to changes in the input signal. There are four power settings: Minimum Power, Low Power (default), Medium Power, and High Power. A Low Power setting results in the slowest response time and a High Power setting results in the fastest response time. The Power setting can be set at run time using the PGA_Inv_SetPower() API. Resources The PGA_Inv uses one SC/CT block. Additional details on this block can be found in the applicable device datasheet and the Technical Reference Manual (TRM). These documents are available on the Cypress website. API Memory (Bytes) Digital Blocks Analog Blocks Datapaths Macro cells Status Registers Control Registers Counter7 Flash RAM Pins (per External I/O) 1 SC/CT Fixed block N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 356 20 3 Application Programming Interface Application Programming Interface (API) routines allow you to configure the component using software. The following table lists and describes the interface to each function. The subsequent sections cover each function in more detail. By default, PSoC Creator assigns the instance name “PGA_Inv_1” to the first instance of a component in a given design. You can rename the instance to any unique value that follows the syntactic rules for identifiers. The instance name becomes the prefix of every global function name, variable, and constant symbol. For readability, the instance name used in the following table is “PGA_Inv.” Function Description PGA_Inv_Start() Starts the PGA_Inv. PGA_Inv_Stop() Powers down the PGA_Inv. PGA_Inv_SetGain() Sets gain to predefined constants. PGA_Inv_SetPower() Sets drive power to one of four settings. PGA_Inv_Sleep() Stops and saves the user configurations. PGA_Inv_Wakeup() Restores and enables the user configurations. Document Number: 001-70856 Rev. *A Page 3 of 13 ® Inverting Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA_Inv) PSoC Creator™ Component Datasheet Function Description PGA_Inv_Init() Initializes or restores default PGA_Inv configuration. PGA_Inv_Enable() Enables the PGA_Inv. PGA_Inv_SaveConfig() Empty function. Provided for future use. PGA_Inv_RestoreConfig() Empty function. Provided for future use. Global Variables Variable PGA_Inv_initVar Description Indicates whether the PGA_Inv has been initialized. The variable is initialized to 0 and set to 1 the first time PGA_Inv_Start() is called. This allows the component to restart without reinitialization after the first call to the PGA_Inv_Start() routine. If reinitialization of the component is required, then the PGA_Inv_Init() function can be called before the PGA_Inv_Start() or PGA_Inv_Enable() function. void PGA_Inv_Inv_Start(void) Description: Turns on the PGA_Inv and sets the power level. Parameters: None Return Value: None Side Effects: None void PGA_Inv_Stop(void) Description: Turns off PGA_Inv and enables its lowest power state. Note This API is not recommended for use on PSoC 3 ES2 and PSoC 5 silicon. These devices have a defect that causes connections to several analog resources to be unreliable when not powered. The unreliability manifests itself in silent failures (for example, unpredictably bad results from analog components) when the component using that resource is stopped. When using this silicon, all analog components in a design should be powered up (by calling their respective _Start() APIs, for instance PGA_Inv_Start()) at all times. Do not call the PGA_Inv_Stop() APIs. Parameters: None Return Value: None Side Effects: None. Does not affect power or gain settings. Page 4 of 13 Document Number: 001-70856 Rev. *A ® PSoC Creator™ Component Datasheet Inverting Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA_Inv) void PGA_Inv_SetGain(uint8 gain) Description: Sets gain of amplifier between –1 and –49. The table below shows the valid gain settings. Parameters: uint8 gain: Sets the gain to a specific value. See table below for valid gain settings. Gain Setting Notes PGA_Inv_GAIN_01 Gain = –1 PGA_Inv_GAIN_03 Gain = –3 PGA_Inv_GAIN_07 Gain = –7 PGA_Inv_GAIN_15 Gain = –15 PGA_Inv_GAIN_22 Gain = –22 PGA_Inv_GAIN_24 Gain = –24 PGA_Inv_GAIN_31 Gain = –31 PGA_Inv_GAIN_47 Gain = –47 PGA_Inv_GAIN_49 Gain = –49 Return Value: None Side Effects: None void PGA_Inv_SetPower(uint8 power) Description: Sets the drive power to one of four settings: minimum, low, medium, or high. Parameters: uint8 power: Sets the power level to one of three settings: low, medium, or high. Power Setting Notes PGA_Inv_MINPOWER Minimum active power and slowest reaction time PGA_Inv_LOWPOWER Low power and speed PGA_Inv_MEDPOWER Medium power and speed PGA_Inv_HIGHPOWER Highest active power and fastest reaction time Return Value: None Side Effects: None Document Number: 001-70856 Rev. *A Page 5 of 13 Inverting Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA_Inv) ® PSoC Creator™ Component Datasheet void PGA_Inv_Sleep(void) Description: This is the preferred routine to prepare the component for sleep. The PGA_Inv_Sleep() function saves the current component state. Then it calls the PGA_Inv_Stop() function and calls PGA_Inv_SaveConfig() to save the hardware configuration. Call the PGA_Inv_Sleep() function before calling the CyPmSleep() or the CyPmHibernate() function. Refer to the PSoC Creator System Reference Guide for more information about power management functions. Parameters: None Return Value: None Side Effects: None void PGA_Inv_Wakeup(void) Description: This is the preferred routine to restore the component to the state when PGA_Inv_Sleep() was called. The PGA_Inv_Wakeup() function calls the PGA_Inv_RestoreConfig() function to restore the configuration. If the component was enabled before the PGA_Inv_Sleep() function was called, the PGA_Inv_Wakeup() function will also re-enable the component. Parameters: None Return Value: None Side Effects: Calling the PGA_Inv_Wakeup() function without first calling the PGA_Inv_Sleep() or PGA_Inv_SaveConfig() function may produce unexpected behavior. void PGA_Inv_Init(void) Description: Initializes or restores the component according to the customizer Configure dialog settings. It is not necessary to call PGA_Inv_Init() because the PGA_Inv_Start() routine calls this function and is the preferred method to begin component operation. Parameters: None Return Value: None Side Effects: All registers will be set to values according to the customizer Configure dialog. void PGA_Inv_Enable(void) Description: Activates the hardware and begins component operation. It is not necessary to call PGA_Inv_Enable() because the PGA_Inv_Start() routine calls this function, which is the preferred method to begin component operation. Parameters: None Return Value: None Side Effects: None Page 6 of 13 Document Number: 001-70856 Rev. *A ® PSoC Creator™ Component Datasheet Inverting Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA_Inv) void PGA_Inv_SaveConfig(void) Description: Empty function. Provided for future use. Parameters: None Return Value: None Side Effects: None void PGA_Inv_RestoreConfig(void) Description: Empty function. Provided for future use. Parameters: None Return Value: None Side Effects: None Sample Firmware Source Code PSoC Creator provides numerous example projects that include schematics and example code in the Find Example Project dialog. For component-specific examples, open the dialog from the Component Catalog or an instance of the component in a schematic. For general examples, open the dialog from the Start Page or File menu. As needed, use the Filter Options in the dialog to narrow the list of projects available to select. Refer to the “Find Example Project” topic in the PSoC Creator Help for more information. Functional Description The PGA_Inv is constructed from a generic SC/CT block. The gain is selected by adjusting two resistors, Ra and Rb (see Figure 1). Ra may be set to either 20k or 40k ohms, depending on selected gain. Rb may be set between 20k and 1000k ohms, to generate the possible gain values selectable in either the Configure dialog or the PGA_Inv_SetGain() function. Figure 1. PGA_Inv Schematic Rb Vin Ra Vout Vref The block has a programmable capacitor in parallel with the feedback resistor, Rb. The capacitor value is configured for each gain selection to achieve guaranteed stability. Reassigning Rb Document Number: 001-70856 Rev. *A Page 7 of 13 Inverting Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA_Inv) ® PSoC Creator™ Component Datasheet values without also selecting the appropriate feedback capacitor value may result in PGA_Inv instability. You are strongly advised to use the provided APIs for gain changes. The input resistance of the PGA_Inv is finite. The gain accuracy is dependent on the routing resistance between the source and the Vin input. The gain specifications accommodate the nominal variation in the routing resistance. Registers The PGA_Inv component configuration is implemented in registers SC[0..3]_CR0, SC[0..3]_CR1 and SC[0..3]_CR2. These can be accessed in user code by reference to the instantiated component name, for example, PGA_Inv_1_CR0_REG. You can review the register contents in the PSoC Creator component debug window. Refer to the applicable TRM, available on the Cypress website, for a detailed description of each register. The following registers are displayed in the PGA component debug window. Register: PGA_Inv_1_CR0_REG Name: Switched Capacitor Control Register 0 Description: Register bits 3:1 configure the switch capacitor block operating mode. This field is set to 110b for the PGA component. Register: PGA_Inv_1_CR1_REG Name: Switched Capacitor Control Register 1 Description: Register fields configure drive mode, compensation capacitor values, and gain setting of the switch capacitor block. Register: PGA_Inv_1_CR2_REG Name: Switched Capacitor Control Register 2 Description: Register fields configure the input impedance, feedback impedance and the reference ground selection for the switch capacitor block. Page 8 of 13 Document Number: 001-70856 Rev. *A ® PSoC Creator™ Component Datasheet Inverting Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA_Inv) Register: PGA_Inv_1_PM_ACT_CFG_REG Name: Active Power Mode Configuration Register 9 Description: Register bits 3:0 enable power to the four switch capacitor blocks. DC and AC Electrical Characteristics for PSoC 3 The following values indicate expected performance and are based on initial characterization data. Unless otherwise specified in the tables below, all TA = 25 °C, VDD = 5.0 V, Power HIGH, opamp bias LOW, output referenced to Analog Ground = VSSA. 5.0-V/3.3-V DC Electrical Characteristics Data collection is currently in progress. This table will be updated in a future release. Parameter Description Conditions Min Typ Max VSSA – VDDA Units VIN Input voltage range Power mode = minimum VOS Input offset voltage Power mode = high, gain = 1, VDDA = 5 V – – 10 mV TCVOS Input offset voltage drift with temperature Power mode = high, gain = 1, VDDA = 5 V – ±30 – µV/°C Ge1 Gain error, gain = 1 VDDA = 5 V – – ±0.15 % Ge15 Gain error, gain = 15 VDDA = 5 V – – ±2.5 % Ge49 Gain error, gain = 49 VDDA = 5 V – – ±5 % Gd1 Gain drift, gain = 1 – – – ppm/°C Gd15 Gain drift, gain = 15 – – – ppm/°C Gd49 Gain drift, gain = 49 – – – ppm/°C VONL DC output nonlinearity – – ±0.01 RIN Input resistance 35 – – M CIN Input capacitance – – – pF VOH, VOL Output voltage swing Power mode = high, gain = 1, RLOAD = 100 k to VDDA/2 VDDA – 0.15 – VSSA + 0.15 V IOUT Output current, source or sink VSSA + 500 mV = Vout = VDDA – 500 mV – – – µA IDD Operating current Power mode = high – 1.5 1.65 mA PSRR Power supply rejection ratio 69 – – dB Document Number: 001-70856 Rev. *A Gain = 1 V % of FSR Page 9 of 13 ® Inverting Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA_Inv) PSoC Creator™ Component Datasheet Figures Histogram Input Offset Voltage 18 16 Typical Operating Current versus Temp, Power = Minimum 1200 Occurance 1100 Idda uA 14 12 1000 10 900 8 800 6 4 700 2 600 500 -50 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 -2.0 -4.0 -6.0 0 Vos mV Typical Operating Current versus Temp, Power = Low 1200 1100 1100 Idda uA 1000 1000 900 900 5.5V 3.3V 2.7V 1.71V 700 50 deg C 100 150 5.5V 3.3V 2.7V 1.71V 800 Idda uA 700 600 600 500 -50 0 Typical Operating Current versus Temp, Power = High 1200 800 5.5V 3.3V 2.7V 1.71V 0 50 deg C 100 150 500 -50 0 50 deg C 100 150 5.0-V/3.3-V AC Electrical Characteristics Parameter Description Conditions Min Typ Max BW1 –3 dB bandwidth Power mode = high, gain = 1, VDDA = 5V 3.1 – – MHz SR1 Slew rate Power mode = high, gain = 1, 20% to 80% 3 – – V/µs en Input noise density Power mode = high, VDDA = 5 V, at 100 kHz – 43 – nV/sqrtHz Page 10 of 13 Units Document Number: 001-70856 Rev. *A ® PSoC Creator™ Component Datasheet Inverting Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA_Inv) Figures Voltage noise, VDDA = 5.0V, Power = High 1000 nV/rtHz 100 10 0.01 0.1 1 kHz 10 100 1000 DC and AC Electrical Characteristics for PSoC 5 The following values indicate expected performance and are based on initial characterization data. Unless otherwise specified in the tables below, all TA = 25 °C, VDD = 5.0 V, Power high, opamp bias low, output referenced to Analog Ground = V SSA. 5.0-V/3.3-V DC Electrical Characteristics Parameter Description Conditions Min Typ Max VSSA – VDDA Units VIN Input voltage range Power mode = minimum VOS Input offset voltage Power mode = high, gain = 1, VDDA = 5 V – 5 20 mV TCVOS Input offset voltage drift with temperature Power mode = high, gain = 1, VDDA = 5 V – ±30 ±40 µV/°C Ge1 Gain error, gain = 1 VDDA = 5 V – ±2.5 ±5.5 % Ge15 Gain error, gain = 15 VDDA = 5 V – ±8 ±11.5 % Ge49 Gain error, gain = 49 VDDA = 5 V – ±13 ±19.5 % Gd1 Gain drift, gain = 1 – ±95 ±200 ppm/°C Gd15 Gain drift, gain = 15 – ±115 ±250 ppm/°C Gd49 Gain drift, gain = 49 – ±350 ±850 ppm/°C VONL DC output nonlinearity – – ±1.8 % of FSR Document Number: 001-70856 Rev. *A Gain = 1 V Page 11 of 13 ® Inverting Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA_Inv) Parameter Description PSoC Creator™ Component Datasheet Conditions Min Typ Max Units VOH, VOL Output voltage swing Power mode = high, gain = 1, RLOAD = 100 k to VDDA/2 VDDA – 0.15 – VSSA + 0.15 V IOUT Output current, source or sink VSSA + 500 mV = Vout = VDDA – 500 mV 250 – – µA IDD Operating current Power mode = high – 1.5 1.65 mA PSRR Power supply rejection ratio 48 65 – dB 5.0-V/3.3-V AC Electrical Characteristics Parameter Description Conditions Min Typ Max Units BW1 –3 dB bandwidth Power mode = high, gain = 1, VDDA = 5 V 3.1 – – MHz SR1 Slew rate Power mode = high, gain = 1, 20% to 80% 3 – – V/µs Component Changes This section lists the major changes in the component from the previous version. Version 1.70 Description of Changes Reason for Changes / Impact PGA_Inv_Stop() API modified for PSoC 5 Change required to prevent the component from impacting unrelated analog signals when stopped, when using PSoC 5. Updated PGA_Inv response graph Change required to dynamically resize graph to fit window and to add horizontal and vertical grids. Added DC and AC electrical characteristics data for PSoC 5 1.60 Removed VDDA parameter from component customizer VDDA setting in the component is redundant and unnecessary for multiple components. The parameter was removed and the component queries the global setting for minimum VDDA in the DWR and automatically enables the pump when necessary. Configuration window created to include Frequency response graphs a better ease of use GUI. Previous configuration window did not provide enough information for ease of use. SetGain constants corrected in the header file The constants provided for the SetGain API had incorrect values. These have been corrected. Added characterization data to datasheet Minor datasheet edits and updates Page 12 of 13 Document Number: 001-70856 Rev. *A ® PSoC Creator™ Component Datasheet Version 1.50 Description of Changes Inverting Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA_Inv) Reason for Changes / Impact Added Sleep/Wakeup and Init/Enable APIs. To support low power modes, as well as to provide common interfaces to separate control of initialization and enabling of most components. Removed Gain setting of 23. The gain of 23 was too close to 22 and 24 and therefore offered no value. Updated the symbol and Configure dialog. These were updated to comply with corporate standards. © Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, 2011. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. Cypress Semiconductor Corporation assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in a Cypress product. Nor does it convey or imply any license under patent or other rights. Cypress products are not warranted nor intended to be used for medical, life support, life saving, critical control or safety applications, unless pursuant to an express written agreement with Cypress. Furthermore, Cypress does not authorize its products for use as critical components in life-support systems where a malfunction or failure may reasonably be expected to result in significant injury to the user. The inclusion of Cypress products in lifesupport systems application implies that the manufacturer assumes all risk of such use and in doing so indemnifies Cypress against all charges. PSoC® is a registered trademark, and PSoC Creator™ and Programmable System-on-Chip™ are trademarks of Cypress Semiconductor Corp. All other trademarks or registered trademarks referenced herein are property of the respective corporations. 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Disclaimer: CYPRESS MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Cypress reserves the right to make changes without further notice to the materials described herein. Cypress does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein. Cypress does not authorize its products for use as critical components in lifesupport systems where a malfunction or failure may reasonably be expected to result in significant injury to the user. The inclusion of Cypress’ product in a life-support systems application implies that the manufacturer assumes all risk of such use and in doing so indemnifies Cypress against all charges. Use may be limited by and subject to the applicable Cypress software license agreement. Document Number: 001-70856 Rev. *A Page 13 of 13