AN205279 F²MC - 8FX Family, MB95200H/210H Series, LIN-UART.pdf

AN205279
F²MC - 8FX Family, MB95200H/210H Series, LIN-UART
This application note describes how to use the LIN-UART in various modes. This note describes the functions of the
LIN-UART and their operation modes and gives some sample codes. The LIN-UART has four operating modes.
Operating mode 0 is asynchronous (normal mode), operating mode 1 is asynchronous (multiprocessor mode),
operating mode 2 is synchronous (normal mode) and operating mode 3 is asynchronous (LIN mode).
Contents
1
2
3
4
1
Introduction ..................................................................1
Functions of LIN-UART ...............................................2
2.1 Block Diagram.....................................................2
2.2 Basic Functions...................................................3
2.3 Registers of LIN-UART .......................................4
2.4 Interface to LIN-UART ........................................5
2.5 Baud Rate Generator Register (BGR) ................7
Asynchronous Mode (Operating Mode 0, 1) ................8
3.1 Operations in Asynchronous Mode .....................8
3.2 Example Code in Asynchronous Mode
(mode 0)............................................................ 12
Synchronous Mode (Operating Mode 2) .................... 13
4.1
Operation of Synchronous Mode (Operating
Mode 2)............................................................. 13
4.2 Example Code in Synchronous Mode
(Mode 2) ........................................................... 15
5 LIN-Bus Mode (Operating Mode 3) ........................... 16
5.1 Overview of LIN-Bus ......................................... 16
5.2 Work on LIN-Master .......................................... 17
5.3 Work on LIN-Slave ............................................ 20
6 Appendix ................................................................... 24
6.1 Sample Code .................................................... 24
7 Additional Information ................................................ 38
Document History............................................................ 39
Introduction
This application note describes how to use the LIN-UART in various modes.
This note describes the functions of the LIN-UART and their operation modes and gives some sample codes. The
LIN-UART has four operating modes. Operating mode 0 is asynchronous (normal mode), operating mode 1 is
asynchronous (multiprocessor mode), operating mode 2 is synchronous (normal mode) and operating mode 3 is
asynchronous (LIN mode).
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2
Functions of LIN-UART
This section describes functions of the LIN-UART
The LIN (Local Interconnect Network)-UART is a general-purpose serial data communication interface for
synchronous or asynchronous (start-stop synchronization) communication with external devices. In addition to a bidirectional communication function (normal mode) and master/slave communication function (multiprocessor mode:
supports both master and slave operation), the LIN-UART also supports the special functions used by the LIN bus.
2.1
Block Diagram
Figure 1 shows the internal block diagram of the LIN-UART.
Figure 1. LIN-UART Block Diagram
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2.2
Basic Functions
The LIN-UART operates in four different modes. The operating mode is selected by the MD0 and MD1 bits in the LINUART serial mode register (SMR). Mode 0 and mode 2 are used for bi-directional serial communication; mode 1 for
master/slave communication; and mode 3 for LIN master/slave communication.
Table 1. LIN-UART Operating Modes
Data length
Synchronous
method
Operating mode
No parity
0
Normal mode
7 bits or 8 bits
Multiprocessor
7 bits or
mode
8 bits +1*
2
Normal mode
8 bits
3
LIN mode
8 bits
Stop bit length
Data bit format
With parity
Asynchronous
1 bit or
1
-
Asynchronous
2 bits
LSB first
MSB first
Synchronous
-
Asynchronous
None, 1 bit, 2
bits
1 bit
LSB first
- : Unavailable
*: "+1" is the address/data selection bit (AD) used for communication control in multiprocessor mode.
The MD0 and MD1 bits in the LIN-UART serial mode register (SMR) are used to select the following LIN-UART
operating modes.
Table 2. LIN-UART Operating Modes
MD1

MD0
Mode
Type
0
0
0
Asynchronous (Normal mode)
0
1
1
Asynchronous (Multiprocessor mode)
1
0
2
Synchronous (Normal mode)
1
1
3
Asynchronous (LIN mode)
Mode 1 supports both master and slave operation in multiprocessor mode.
 The communication format of Mode 3 is fixed at: 8-bit data, no parity, stop bit 1, LSB-first.
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2.3
Registers of LIN-UART
This section lists registers of the LIN-UART.
2.3.1
Register List of LIN-UART
Figure 2. Register List of LIN-UART
Figure 2 shows all registers of the LIN-UART. For detailed information, please check Chapter 16 of the
MB95200 series HARDWARE MANUAL.
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2.4
2.4.1
Interface to LIN-UART
RS232
The LIN-UART in asynchronous mode can be interfaced to the RS-232 bus through a transceiver. The transceiver
provides the ability to receive and transmit messages over the bus. Figure 3 shows interfacing of MB95200
microcontroller to transceiver MAX3232CSE. The R1IN input and T1OUT output of the transceiver is connected to
the TXD and RXD signals of the female DB-9 Connector respectively.
Value of the capacitor used depends on the supply voltage VCC. For details, please refer to the datasheet of
MAX3232CSE.
Figure 3. LIN-UART Interface to RS-232 Bus
Note:
The circuit is a typical application when the LIN-UART is connected to different voltage conditions.
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2.4.2
LIN
The LIN-UART in LIN mode can be interfaced to the LIN bus through a transceiver. The transceiver provides the
ability to receive and transmit messages over the bus. Figure 2-4 shows interfacing of MB95200 microcontroller to
transceiver TLE7259. The Bus output/input of the transceiver is connected to Bus input/output signal of the female
DB-9 Connector. VBAT supply needs to be chosen within a range of 8V to 18V. Jumper J1 needs to be closed in the
case of LIN-Master and opened in the case of LIN-Slave.
Figure 4. LIN-UART Interface to LIN Bus
Note:
It is recommended using this circuit if the LIN-UART is connected to TLE7259.
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2.5
Baud Rate Generator Register (BGR)
The two 15-bit reload counters are set by the LIN-UART baud rate generator registers 1, 0 (BGR 1, BGR 0)
respectively.
The equation for the baud rate is shown below.
Reload value:
v: Reload value
b: Baud rate
MCLK: Machine clock, or external clock frequency
Calculation example:
Assuming that the machine clock is 10MHz, the internal clock is used, and the baud rate is set to 19200 bps:
Reload value:
Thus, the actual baud rate can be calculated as shown below.
Note:
The reload counter stops if the reload value is set to “0”. Therefore, set the smallest reload value to “1”.
For transmission/reception in asynchronous mode, since five times of oversampling has to be done before the
reception value is determined, the reload value must be set to at least “4”.
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3
Asynchronous Mode (Operating Mode 0, 1)
This section introduces how to set LIN-UART registers when the LIN-UART operates in asynchronous mode: mode 0
(normal mode) or mode 1 (multiprocessor mode)
3.1
3.1.1
Operations in Asynchronous Mode
Transmit/Receive Data Format
Transmit/receive data always begins with a start bit ("L" level), followed by a specified data bits length and ends with
at least one stop bit ("H" level).
The bit transfer direction (LSB-first or MSB-first) is determined by the BDS bit in the LIN-UART serial status register
(SSR). When the parity bit is used, it is always placed between the last data bit and the first stop bit.
Figure 5. Transmit/Receive Data Format (Operating Mode 0, 1)
Note:
If the BDS bit in the LIN-UART serial status register (SSR) is set to "1" (MSB-first), the bits are processed in the
following order: D7, D6 ......D1, D0 (P).
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In operating mode 0, a data length of 7-bit or 8-bit, addition of the parity can be selected. Moreover, the stop bit
length (1 or 2) is selectable.
In operating mode 1, a data length is 7-bit or 8-bit, the parity is not added, and the address/data bit is added. The
stop bit length (1 or 2) can be selected.
The bit length of transmit/receive frame is calculated as below:
Length = 1 + d + p + s
(d = Number of data bits [7 or 8], p = parity [0 or 1], s = Number of stop bits [1 or 2])
3.1.2
Parity
You can specify whether or not to add (at transmission) and detect (at reception) a parity bit. The parity enable bit
(SCR: PEN) is used to select whether or not to use a parity; the parity selection bit (SCR: P) is used to select the odd
or even parity.
Figure 6. Transmission Data When Parity is Enabled
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3.1.3
Difference between Mode 0 and Mode 1
Mode 0 and Mode 1 have two differences between them: hardware connection and communication data format.

Hardware connection
Mode 0 is normal mode. It allows bidirectional communication function. For bidirectional communication,
interconnect two CPUs as shown in Figure 7
Figure 7. Connection of Bidirectional Communication in LIN-UART Mode 0
Operating mode 1 is multiprocessor mode. The LIN-UART allows communication between multiple CPUs connected
in master/slave mode. It can be used as a master or slave.
Multiprocessor mode (mode 1) communication system is configured by connecting between one master CPU and
multiple slave CPUs with two common communication lines, as shown in Figure 8
Figure 8. Connection of LIN-UART Multiprocessor Mode Communication

The data format of communication

The parity
Mode 0: With parity
Mode 1: No parity

A/D (address/data bit)
Mode 0: No address/data bit. The bidirectional transmission data do not transmit address/data bit of the
two CPUs.
Mode 1: With address/data bit. The multiprocessor mode communication is started by transmitting
address data from the master CPU. The master CPU communicates with the slave CPU when
the address matches an assigned address of the slave CPU.
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3.1.4
C o m m u n i c a t i o n S e t t i n g S e q u e n c e f o r As yn c h r o n o u s M o d e
To communicate in asynchronous mode, the following sequence settings are required.

LIN-UART baud rate generator register 1, 0 (BGR1, BGR0)
Set the dedicated baud rate reload counter to a required value.

LIN-UART serial mode register (SMR)
MD1, MD0: “00B” (Mode 0)
MD1, MD0: “01B” (Mode 1)
SCKE: “1”: Uses the dedicated baud rate reloads counter
“0”: Inputs external clock
SOE: “1”: Enables transmission/reception
“0”: Enables reception only

LIN-UART serial control register (SCR)
TXE: “1”: Enables transmission
“0”: Disables transmission
RXE: “1”: Enables reception
“0”: Disables reception
AD: “1”: Address frame
“0”: Data frame
CL: “1”: Data length selection 8 bit
“0”: Data length selection 7 bit
CRE: “1”: Since the error flag is cleared, transmission/reception is stopped.
“0”: No effect
PEN: “1”: Adds/detects parity bit
“0”: Not use parity bit
P: “1”: Even parity
“0”: Odd parity
SBL: “1”: Stop bit length 2
“0”: Stop bit length 1

LIN-UART serial status register (SSR)
BDS: “1”: MSB-first
“0”: LSB-first
RIE: “1”: Enables reception interrupt
“0”: Disables reception interrupt
TIE: “1”: Enables transmit interrupt,
“0”: Disables transmit interrupt

LIN-UART extended communication control register (ECCR)
SSM: “0”: Not use start/stop bit (normal),
“1”: Uses start/stop bit (extended function),
MS: “0”: Transmission side of serial clock (serial clock output),
“1”: Reception side of serial clock (input serial clock from the transmission side of serial clock)
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3.2
Example Code in Asynchronous Mode (mode 0)
The example code describes how to use the LIN-UART and set its registers in operation mode 0.
/***********************************************************************/*
The MCU operates in mode0 (asynchronous mode).
/* The baud rate = 9600b, MCLK = 8MHZ.
***********************************************************************/
/***********************************************************************
NAME
: UART_init ()
FUNCTION: Initialize the LIN-UART in operation mode 0(asynchronous mode)
***********************************************************************/
void UART_init (void)
{
BGR1 = 0x03;
// BGR1 = 0x03 (8MHz, 9600Baud)
BGR0 = 0x40;
// BGR0 = 0x40 (8MHz, 9600Baud)
SMR = 0x05;
// enable SOT, Reset, asynchronous mode 0
SSR = 0x00;
// clear flags, no interrupt
SCR = 0x13;
// enable transmit
}
/***********************************************************************
NAME
:
UART_ readbyte ()
FUNCTION:
receive a byte
***********************************************************************/
char UART_readbyte (void)
{
while (! SSR_RDRF);
// wait, until a byte is received
return (RDR_TDR);
// return the received byte
}
/***********************************************************************
NAME
:
UART_ sendbyte ()
FUNCTION:
transmit a byte
***********************************************************************/
void UART_sendbyte (char ch)
{
while (! SSR_TDRE);
// wait, until a byte is transmited
RDR_TDR= ch;
// transmit the byte (ch)
}
Note:
The full example code is referred to the project1. The project1 name is UART_Asynchronous.
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4
Synchronous Mode (Operating Mode 2)
This section introduces how to set LIN-UART registers when the LIN-UART operates in synchronous mode (mode 2)
4.1
4.1.1
Operation of Synchronous Mode (Operating Mode 2)
Transmit/Receive Data Format
In synchronous mode, you can transmit and receive 8-bit data and select whether or not to include the start bit and
stop bit (ECCR: SSM). When the start/stop bit is included (ECCR: SSM = 1), you can select whether or not to include
the parity bit (SCR: PEN).
Figure 9. Transmit/Reception Data Format (Operating Mode 2)
4.1.2
Clock Inversion Function
When the SCES bit in the LIN-UART extended status control register (ESCR) is "1", the serial clock is inverted. If the
reception side of serial clock is selected, the LIN-UART samples data at the falling edge of the received serial clock. If
the transmission side of serial clock is selected, the mark level is set to "0" when the SCES bit is "1".
Figure 10. Transmission Data Format during Clock Inverted
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4.1.3
C o m m u n i c a t i o n S e t t i n g f o r S yn c h r o n o u s M o d e
To communicate in synchronous mode, the following settings are required.

LIN-UART baud rate generator register 1, 0 (BGR1, BGR0)
Set the dedicated baud rate reload counter to a required value.

LIN-UART serial mode register (SMR)
MD1, MD0: “10B” (Mode 2)
SCKE: “1”: Uses the dedicated baud rate reloads counter
“0”: Inputs external clock
SOE: “1”: Enables transmission/reception
“0”: Enables reception only

LIN-UART serial control register (SCR)
TXE: “1”: Enables transmission
“0”: Disables transmission
RXE: “1”: Enables reception
“0”: Disables reception
AD: “1”: Address frame
“0”: Data frame
CL: “1”: Data length selection 8 bit
“0”: Data length selection 7 bit
CRE: “1”: Since the error flag is cleared, transmission/reception is stopped.
“0”: No effect
PEN: “1”: Adds/detects parity bit
“0”: Not use parity bit
P: “1”: Even parity
“0”: Odd parity
SBL: “1”: Stop bit length 2
“0”: Stop bit length 1

LIN-UART serial status register (SSR)
BDS: “1”: MSB-first
“0”: LSB-first
RIE: “1”: Enables reception interrupt
“0”: Disables reception interrupt
TIE: “1”: Enables transmit interrupt,
“0”: Disables transmit interrupt

LIN-UART extended communication control register (ECCR)
SSM: “0”: Not use start/stop bit (normal),
“1”: Uses start/stop bit (extended function),
MS: “0”: Transmission side of serial clock (serial clock output),
“1”: Reception side of serial clock (input serial clock from the transmission side of serial clock)
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4.2
Example Code in Synchronous Mode (Mode 2)
The example codes describe how to use the LIN-UART and set its registers in operating mode 2(synchronous mode).
/***********************************************************************/*
The MCU operates in mode2 (synchronous mode).
/* The baud rate = 9600b, MCLK = 8MHZ.
***********************************************************************/
/***********************************************************************
NAME
: UART_init ()
FUNCTION: Initialize the LIN-UART in operation mode 2(synchronous mode)
***********************************************************************/
void UART_init (void)
{
BGR1 = 0x00;
// BGR1 = 0x00 (SCK = 500 KHz, 9600 Baud)
BGR0 = 0x33;
// BGR0 = 0x33 (SCK = 500 KHz, 9600 Baud)
SMR = 0x87;
// enable SOT, Reset, synchronous mode
SSR = 0x00;
// clear flags, no interrupt
ECCR_SSM = 1;
// have ST/STP bit
SCR = 0xc3;
// enable transmit, add parity
}
/***********************************************************************
NAME
:
UART_ readbyte ()
FUNCTION:
receive a byte
***********************************************************************/
void UART_sendbyte (char ch)
{
while (! SSR_TDRE);
// wait, until a byte is transmited
RDR_TDR= ch;
// transmit the byte (ch)
}
/***********************************************************************
NAME
:
UART_ sendbyte ()
FUNCTION:
transmit a byte
***********************************************************************/
char UART_readbyte_wait (void)
{
while (! SSR_RDRF);
// wait, until a byte is received
return (RDR_TDR);
// return the received byte
}
Note:
The full example code is referred to the project2. The project2 name is UART_Synchronous.
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5
LIN-Bus Mode (Operating Mode 3)
This section introduces how to set LIN-UART registers when the LIN-UART operates in LIN-Bus mode (operating
mode 3).
5.1
5.1.1
Overview of LIN-Bus
Short LIN Specification
A LIN message frame consists of a header and a response as shown in the graph below:
Figure 11. LIN Message Frame
Except for the synchronization break, all fields are simple 8N1L data, which means 1 start bit, 8 data bits (LSB first),
no parity, 1 stop bit. This break is specified as below:
Figure 12. Synch Break Field Cycle
Figure 13. Synch Break Field
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As the synchronization field is a simple 0x55 byte (LSB first), it consists of 5 dominant and 5 recessive bits:
Figure 14. Synch Field Data Format
All other fields are also simple 8N1L data whose contents do not need special processing by the hardware.
5.2
5.2.1
Work on LIN-Master
LIN Master
The LIN master controls the entire sub bus. The master starts a LIN message frame with the LIN synchronization
break, followed by the synchronization field 0x55 and the identifier field.
The length of the break can be set with the control bits LBL0, LBL1 in the extended status/control register (ESCR) of
the LIN-UART.
Figure 15. Communication Data Bit
* based on master’s own time base
The following graph shows the timing of different settings:
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F²MC - 8FX Family, MB95200H/210H Series, LIN-UART
Figure 16. Timing setting
Because transmitting this break LIN-UART has to be in LIN-mode (mode 3), the LBR control bit in the extended
communication control register (ECCR) has to be set to “1”. At the next internal serial clock cycle the break signal will
be generated.
At this moment “normal” 8N1L transmission is blocked, but the 0x55 byte for the synchronization field can be set at
this time. After the break a recessive level is set to the serial output and is held for 1 bit time. Then the
synchronization field (0x55) starts.
The following graph illustrates this timing:
Figure 17. Timing Setting
Since the LIN is single wire network, the master can read back its own transmissions. Therefore enabling the
reception after a LIN-break detection (which was set by the master itself) is recommended. The master then receives
the synchronization field as a normal 0x55 data and thus is synchronized with the protocol.
Note, that after a complete LIN-message, the reception has to be disabled again so that the LIN-break can be
detected without getting a framing error.
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5.2.2
Example Code
The example code describes how to set LIN-UART registers when the LIN-UART operates as LIN-Master (LIN
asynchronous mode/mode 3).
/**********************************************************************/* The
MCU operates in mode3 (LIN mode).
/* The baud rate = 9600b, MCLK = 8MHZ.
**********************************************************************/
/**********************************************************************
NAME
:
InitUart ()
FUNCTION:
Initialize UART asynchronous LIN mode
**********************************************************************/ void
InitUart (void)
{
BGR1 = 0x03;
// BGR1 = 0x03 (8MHz, 9600Baud)
BGR0 = 0x40;
// BGR0 = 0x40 (8MHz, 9600Baud)
SSR = 0x02;
// enable reception interrupt
SCR = 0x01;
// enable transmit
ESCR = 0x30;
// set LIN break 16 bit times
}
/**********************************************************************
NAME
:
Start_LIN_Message ()
FUNCTION:
initialize ESCR and LIN_State
**********************************************************************/
void Start_LIN_Message (void)
{
ESCR_LBD = 0;
// clear possible LIN-Break detection
ESCR_LBIE = 1;
// enable LIN Break detection (for read back)
ECCR = 0x40;
// Generate LIN-Break
}
/**********************************************************************
NAME
:
__interrupt void IRQ_LIN_RX ()
FUNCTION:
transmit and receive data in interrupt function
**********************************************************************/
__interrupt void IRQ_LIN_RX (void)
{
if (ESCR_LBD)
// LIN Break Detection (Read back)?
{
ESCR_LBD = 0;
// Clear flag
}
else if (SSR_RDRF) // Reception?
{
Rx_Data = RDR_TDR; // Get reception data
}
else
// Not recognized interrupt cause
{
SSR_RIE = 0;
// disable reception interrupt
}
}
Note:
The full example code is referred to the project3. The project3 name is UART_LIN_Master.
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5.3
5.3.1
Work on LIN-Slave
L I N S l a ve
A LIN slave is connected to the entire LIN sub bus. To react to a LIN break is stringent. The identifier field then
locates a specified slave for responding.
To receive the identifier correctly each slave has to adjust to the LIN master’s baud rate. Therefore the slave has to
measure the LIN synchronization field. The result of this measurement is used for the slave baud rate’s adjustment.
Note that this measurement is necessary only when the slave baud rate differs up to ±15% from the master baud rate
(e. g. when RC oscillator is used for slave clock). Because the LIN-UART is synchronizing its internal clock with the
falling edge of the start bit, and samples each bit in the middle of the bit time, a theoretical deviation of about ±5% is
tolerable (for 8N1 data format). The following illustration is an example for 115.2kbit/s:
Figure 18. 8N1 Data Format
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5.3.2
D e t e c t i n g L I N S yn c h r o n i z a t i o n B r e a k
The threshold time of the detection is 11 1/2 dominant bits:
Figure 19. LIN Synchronization Break
If the LIN break detection interrupt is enabled (ESCR_LBIE = 1) and the normal data reception is disabled
(SCR_RXE = 0), a reception interrupt is generated when the ESCR_LBD bit is set by the hardware.
Note that if a recessive stop bit is expected to be normal, data reception has to be disabled to avoid a framing error
(and an additional interrupt) at bit time 9. Even if no interrupt is generated, the LBD flag has to be cleared by writing
“0” to it after a break has been detected.
5.3.3
Baud Rate Measurement
If the LIN-UART has detected a LIN Break it waits for the synchronization field. Within this field an internal signal is
generated from the first falling edge to the 5th falling edge. The following graph illustrates this:
Figure 20. First Falling Edge of LIN
This internal signal is connected to an Input Capture Unit (ICU) of the MCU. For the connection between ICU and LIN
UART, please refer to the hardware manual.
The ICU has to be set to “both edge” detection ( ). At edge 1 an interrupt is initiated. The user program has to store
the actual value of the ICU counter. At edge 5 the second interrupt is initiated. The actual value minus the stored
divided by 8 is the new baud rate.
This simple algorithm without rounding is accurate enough, so that the calculation result directly can be stored into
the baud rate reload counter register. The uncertainty is about 1 LSB anyway, but always within the allowed ±5%
tolerance.
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F²MC - 8FX Family, MB95200H/210H Series, LIN-UART
The calculation of baud rate is illustrated below using the operation of the LIN-UART as an example. When the LINUART detects the first falling edge of the synch field, set the internal signal to be input to the 8/16-bit composite timer
to "H", and then start the 8/16-bit composite timer. The internal signal becomes "L" at the fifth falling edge. The 8/16bit composite timer must be set to the input capture mode. In addition, the 8/16-bit composite timer interrupt must be
enabled and the 8/16-bit composite timer must be set to detect both edges. The time at which the input signal input to
the 8/16-bit composite timer is eight times the baud rate.
The baud rate setting can be found by the following equations.
When the counter of the 8/16-bit composite timer does not overflow:
BGR value = (b - a) / 8 – 1
When the counter of the 8/16-bit composite timer has overflowed:
BGR value = (max + b - a) / 8 - 1
max: Maximum value of free-run timer
a: TII0 data register value after the first interrupt
b: TII0 data register value after the second interrupt
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F²MC - 8FX Family, MB95200H/210H Series, LIN-UART
5.3.4
Example Code
The example codes describe how to set the LIN-UART registers when the LIN-UART operates as LIN-Slave (LIN
asynchronous mode/mode 3).
/*********************************************************************** /*
The MCU operates as LIN mode (LIN-Slave).
/* The baud rate = 9600b, MCLK = 8MHZ.
**********************************************************************/
/**********************************************************************
NAME
:
InitUart ()
FUNCTION:
Initialize the UART in asynchronous LIN mode
**********************************************************************/
void InitUart (void)
{
BGR1 = 0x03;
// BGR1 = 0x03 (8MHz, 9600Baud)
BGR0 = 0x40;
// BGR0 = 0x40 (8MHz, 9600Baud)
SMR = 0xC5;
// enable SOT, Reset, LIN mode
SSR = 0x02;
// enable reception interrupt
SCR = 0x01;
// enable transmit
ESCR = 0x80;
// enable LIN break detection interrupt
}
/**********************************************************************
NAME
:
__interrupt void IRQ_LIN_RX ()
FUNCTION:
transmit and receive data in interrupt function
**********************************************************************/
__interrupt void IRQ_LIN_RX (void)
{
if (ESCR_LBD)
// LIN Break Detection (Read back)?
{
ESCR_LBD = 0;
// Clear flag
}
else if (SSR_RDRF)
// Reception?
{
Rx_Data = RDR_TDR;
// Get reception data
}
else
// Not recognized interrupt cause
{
SSR_RIE = 0;
// disable reception interrupt
}
}
Note:
The full example code is referred to the project4. The project4 name is UART_LIN_Slave.
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6
Appendix
6.1
Sample Code
6.1.1
P r o j e c t 1 N a m e : U A R T _ A s yn c h r o n o u s
NAME: UART_Asynchronous
FUNCTION: receive a byte or transmit a byte when the LIN-UART operates in
asynchronous mode (mode 0).
main.c
#include "mb95200.h"
/******************************************************************************
NAME: UART_init ()
FUNCTION: Initialize the LIN-UART in operating mode 0(asynchronous mode)
******************************************************************************/
void UART_init (void)
{
BGR1 = 0x03;
// BGR1 = 0x03 (8MHz, 9600Baud)
BGR0 = 0x40;
// BGR0 = 0x40 (8MHz, 9600Baud)
SMR = 0x05;
// enable SOT, Reset, asynchronous mode 0
SSR = 0x00;
// clear flags, no interrupt
SCR = 0x13;
// enable transmission, disable reception
}
/******************************************************************************
NAME: UART_ sendbyte ()
FUNCTION: transmit a byte
******************************************************************************/
void UART_sendbyte (char ch)
{
while (! SSR_TDRE);
// wait, until a byte is transmitted
RDR_TDR= ch;
// transmit the byte
}
/******************************************************************************
NAME: UART_ readbyte ()
FUNCTION: receive a byte
******************************************************************************/
char UART_readbyte (void)
{
while (! SSR_RDRF);
// wait, until byte is received
return (RDR_TDR);
// return the received byte
}
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F²MC - 8FX Family, MB95200H/210H Series, LIN-UART
/******************************************************************************
NAME: main ()
FUNCTION: asynchronously transmit a byte or receive a byte
******************************************************************************/
void main (void)
{
char rec_data = 0;
// define a receive variable
char tra_data = 2;
// define a transmit variable
DDR0_P00 = 1;
//P00 output
DDR0_P05 =1;
//P05 output
DDR0_P06 = 0;
//P06 input
DDR0_P03 = 1;
//P03 output
DDR0_P04 = 0;
//P04 input
AIDRL = 0xff;
//Port input enabled
PDR0_P00 = 0x00;
PDR0_P05 = 0x01;
UART_init ();
//initialize LIN-UART
while (1)
{
UART_sendbyte (tra_data);
//transmit a byte
rec_data = UART_readbyte ();
//receive a byte
asm("\tNOP");
asm("\tNOP");
}
}
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F²MC - 8FX Family, MB95200H/210H Series, LIN-UART
6.1.2
P r o j e c t 2 N a m e ： U A R T _ S yn c h r o n o u s
NAME: UART_Synchronous
FUNCTION: transmit a byte or receive a byte when the LIN-UART operates in
synchronous mode (mode 2).
main.c
#include "mb95200.h"
/******************************************************************************
NAME
:
UART_init ()
FUNCTION:
Initialize the LIN-UART in operating mode 2(synchronous mode)
******************************************************************************/
void UART_init (void)
{
BGR1 = 0x00;
// BGR1 = 0x00 (SCK = 500 KHz, 9600 Baud)
BGR0 = 0x33;
// BGR0 = 0x33 (SCK = 500 KHz, 9600 Baud)
SMR = 0x87;
// enable SOT, Reset, synchronous mode
SSR = 0x00;
// clear flags, no interrupt
ECCR_SSM = 1;
// have ST/STP bit
SCR = 0xc3;
// enable transmit, Odd parity
}
/******************************************************************************
NAME: UART_ readbyte ()
FUNCTION: received a byte
******************************************************************************/
char UART_readbyte (void)
{
while (! SSR_RDRF);
// wait
until a byte is received
return (RDR_TDR);
// return the received byte
}
/******************************************************************************
NAME: UART_ sendbyte ()
FUNCTION: transmit a byte
******************************************************************************/
void UART_sendbyte (char ch)
{
while (! SSR_TDRE);
RDR_TDR= ch;
//transmit data
}
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F²MC - 8FX Family, MB95200H/210H Series, LIN-UART
/******************************************************************************
NAME: main ()
FUNCTION: synchronously transmit a byte or receive a byte
******************************************************************************/
void main (void)
{
unsigned char rec_data = 0;
DDR0_P00 = 1;
//P00 output
DDR0_P05 = 1;
//P05 output
DDR0_P06 = 0;
//P06 input
DDR0_P03 = 1;
//P03 output
DDR0_P04 = 0;
//P04 input
AIDRL = 0xff;
//Port input enabled
PDR0_P00 = 0x00;
PDR0_P05 = 0x01;
UART_init ();
while (1)
{
asm("\tNOP");
UART_sendbyte(0xaa);
rec_data = UART_readbyte ();
asm("\tNOP");
asm("\tNOP");
}
}
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F²MC - 8FX Family, MB95200H/210H Series, LIN-UART
6.1.3
Project3 Name： UART_LIN_Master
NAME: UART_LIN_Master
FUNCTION: Receive or transmit data when the LIN-UART operates as master in LIN mode
main.c
#include "mb95200.h"
#define DATALENGTH 8
#define SLAVESEND 0x7D
#define MASTERSEND 0xFE
volatile
volatile
volatile
volatile
unsigned
unsigned
unsigned
unsigned
char
char
char
char
LIN_State, Rx_Error, Rx_Data, Master_Send;
LIN_Header, LIN_Count, LIN_Checksum;
LIN_Data[DATALENGTH];
counter;
/******************************************************************************
NAME
:
InitUart ()
FUNCTION:
Initialize UART in asynchronous LIN mode
******************************************************************************/
void InitUart3(void)
{
BGR1 = 0x03;
// BGR1 = 0x03 (8MHz, 9600Baud)
BGR0 = 0x40;
// BGR0 = 0x40 (8MHz, 9600Baud)
SMR = 0xC5;
// enable SOT, Reset, LIN mode
SSR = 0x02;
// enable reception interrupt
SCR = 0x01;
// enable transmission
ESCR = 0x30;
// set LIN break 16 bit times
}
/******************************************************************************
NAME: wait ()
FUNCTION: delay time
******************************************************************************/
void wait(unsigned long j)
{
while(j--)
{
asm("\tNOP");
WDTC=0x35;
//Clear watch dog timer
}
}
/******************************************************************************
NAME: Start_LIN_Message ()
FUNCTION: initialize ESCR and LIN_State
******************************************************************************/
void Start_LIN_Message(void)
{
ESCR_LBD = 0;
// clear possible LIN-Break detection
ESCR_LBIE = 1;
// enable LIN Break detection (for read back)
ECCR = 0x40;
// Generate LIN-Break
LIN_State = 1;
}
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F²MC - 8FX Family, MB95200H/210H Series, LIN-UART
/******************************************************************************
NAME: main()
FUNCTION: main loop, Initialize I/O port and the main function attempter work
******************************************************************************/
void main(void)
{
SYCC=0x00;
//MCLK = source clock = 8Mhz (Main CR)
InitUart3();
LIN_Data[0]
LIN_Data[1]
LIN_Data[2]
LIN_Data[3]
LIN_Data[4]
LIN_Data[5]
LIN_Data[6]
LIN_Data[7]
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0x00;
0xAA;
0xED;
0x77;
0xDD;
0x11;
0x88;
0x00;
PDR0 = 0xFF;
DDR0 = 0x2C;
AIDRL = 0xFC;
// LIN data sent by master task
// Port 0:
//SCK Lin transceiver enable (P02); SOT output (P03); SIN input (P04)
LIN_State = 0;
Rx_Error = 0;
// Set waiting
counter = 0;
WDTC=0x35;
//Clear watch dog timer
InitIrqLevels();
vector table
__EI();
__set_il(3);
levels
// initialize Interrupt level register and IRQ
// global interrupt enable
// set global interrupt mask to allow all IRQ
while (!Rx_Error)
{
wait(10000);
LIN_Header = MASTERSEND;
Master_Send = 1;
Start_LIN_Message();
// Master transmits data to slave
if (!Rx_Error)
{
wait(10000);
LIN_Header = SLAVESEND;
Master_Send = 0;
Start_LIN_Message();
}
if (++counter == 10)
counter = 0;
PDR0=PDR0^0x20;
WDTC=0x35;
// Master wants data from slave
//toggle LED2
//Clear watch dog timer
}
while(1)
{
wait(30000);
PDR0=PDR0&0xDF;
wait(10000);
WDTC=0x35;
www.cypress.com
//LED2 on
//Clear watch dog timer
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F²MC - 8FX Family, MB95200H/210H Series, LIN-UART
}
}
/******************************************************************************
NAME: __interrupt void IRQ_LIN_RX ()
FUNCTION: transmit and receive data in interrupt function
******************************************************************************/
__interrupt void IRQ_LIN_RX (void)
{
if (ESCR_LBD)
// LIN Break Detection (Read back)?
{
ESCR_LBD = 0;
// Clear flag
if (LIN_State == 1)
{
SCR_RXE = 1;
RDR_TDR = 0x55;
LIN_State = 2;
LIN_Checksum = 0;
}
// Enable reception
// Send synch field
else
{
Rx_Error = 1;
// Unexpected reception of break
}
}
else if (SSR_RDRF)
{
Rx_Data = RDR_TDR;
// Reception?
// Get receive data
if (SSR_ORE || SSR_FRE)
{
Rx_Error = 2;
}
// Reception errors?
else if (LIN_State == 2)
{
if (Rx_Data != 0x55)
{
Rx_Error = 3;
}
// Synch field read back?
else
{
RDR_TDR= LIN_Header;
LIN_State = 3;
// Send LIN_Header
}
}
else if (LIN_State == 3)
{
if (Rx_Data != LIN_Header)
{
Rx_Error = 4;
}
// Header read back?
else
{
if (Master_Send)
// Master wants to send?
{
RDR_TDR= LIN_Data[LIN_Count];
// Send LIN Data
LIN_Checksum = LIN_Data[LIN_Count];
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}
LIN_State = 4;
}
}
else if (LIN_State == 4)
// LIN Data read back / Slave Data
{
if (Master_Send)
// Master sent data?
{
if (Rx_Data != LIN_Data[LIN_Count])
{
Rx_Error = 5;
}
LIN_Count++;
if (LIN_Count == DATALENGTH) // End of message reached?
{
LIN_Count = 0;
LIN_State = 5;
LIN_Checksum = LIN_Checksum ^ 0xFF;
RDR_TDR= LIN_Checksum;
}
else
{
RDR_TDR= LIN_Data[LIN_Count];
// Send next LIN Data
LIN_Checksum = LIN_Checksum + LIN_Data[LIN_Count];
}
}
else
// Receive
Data from Slave
{
LIN_Data[LIN_Count] = Rx_Data;
LIN_Checksum = LIN_Checksum + Rx_Data;
LIN_Count++;
if (LIN_Count == DATALENGTH) // End of message reached?
{
LIN_Count = 0;
LIN_State = 5;
LIN_Checksum = LIN_Checksum ^ 0xFF;
}
}
}
else if (LIN_State == 5)
// LIN Checksum read back / Slave Checksum
{
if (Rx_Data != LIN_Checksum)
{
Rx_Error = 6;
}
SCR_RXE = 0;
LIN_State = 0;
}
}
else
{
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// Not recognized interrupt cause
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Rx_Error = 7;
SSR_RIE = 0;
// disable reception interrupt
}
}
vectors.c
#include "mb95200.h"
void InitIrqLevels(void)
{
ILR1 = 0x3f;
//
IRQ4:
//
//
//
UART/SIO ch0
IRQ5: 8/16-bit timer ch0 (lower)
IRQ6: 8/16-bit timer ch0 (upper)
IRQ7: LIN-UART (reception)
}
__interrupt void IRQ_LIN_RX (void);
__interrupt void DefaultIRQHandler (void);
#pragma intvect IRQ_LIN_RX 7
__interrupt
void DefaultIRQHandler (void)
{
__DI();
while(1)
__wait_nop();
}
www.cypress.com
//
IRQ7:
LIN-UART (reception)
// disable interrupts
// halt system
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F²MC - 8FX Family, MB95200H/210H Series, LIN-UART
6.1.4
Project4 Name：UART_LIN_Slave
NAME: UART_LIN_Slave
FUNCTION: Receive or transmit data when the LIN-UART operates as slave in LIN mode
main.c
#include "mb95200.h"
#define DATALENGTH 8
#define SLAVESEND 0x7D
#define MASTERSEND 0xFE
//bb 0x7D
//aa 0xFE
unsigned char temp1, temp0;
unsigned char cnt;
volatile unsigned char LIN_State, Rx_Error, Rx_Data, Master_Send;
volatile unsigned char LIN_Header, LIN_Count, LIN_Checksum;
volatile unsigned char LIN_Data[DATALENGTH];
volatile unsigned char ICU_State;
volatile unsigned char counter;
/******************************************************************************
NAME: InitUart ()
FUNCTION: Initialize UART asynchronous LIN mode
******************************************************************************/
void InitUart(void)
{
BGR1 = 0x03;
// BGR1 = 0x03 (8MHz, 9600Baud)
BGR0 = 0x40;
// BGR0 = 0x40 (8MHz, 9600Baud)
SMR = 0xC5;
// enable SOT, Reset, LIN mode
SSR = 0x02;
// enable reception interrupt
SCR = 0x01;
// enable transmit
ESCR = 0x80;
// enable LIN break detection interrupt
}
/******************************************************************************
NAME: InitCompTimer ()
FUNCTION: Initialize timer register
******************************************************************************/
void InitCompTimer(void)
{
TMCR0 = 0x30;
T00CR0 = 0x0F;
T00CR1 = 0xA0;
ICU_State = 0;
// State flag
}
/******************************************************************************
NAME: wait ()
FUNCTION: delay time
******************************************************************************/
void wait(unsigned long j)
{
while (j--)
{
asm ("\tNOP");
WDTC=0x35;
//Clear watch dog timer
}
}
/******************************************************************************
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F²MC - 8FX Family, MB95200H/210H Series, LIN-UART
NAME: main()
FUNCTION: main loop, Initialize I/O port and the main function attemper work
******************************************************************************/
void main(void)
{
SYCC=0x00;
//MCLK = source clock = 8Mhz (Main CR)
InitUart();
InitCompTimer();
PDR0 = 0xFF;
DDR0 = 0x2C;
AIDRL = 0xFC;
// Port 0:
//SCK Lin transceiver enable (P02); SOT output (P03); SIN input (P04)
PDR6_P63=1;
DDR6_P63=1;
WDTC=0x35;
//LED4 off
//output
//Clear watch dog timer
InitIrqLevels();
vector table
__EI();
__set_il(3);
levels
// initialize Interrupt level register and IRQ
// global interrupt enable
// set global interrupt mask to allow all IRQ
Rx_Error = 0;
LIN_State = 1;
counter = 0;
while (!Rx_Error)
{
asm("\tNOP");
WDTC=0x35;
}
//Clear watch dog timer
while(1)
{
wait(30000);
PDR0=PDR0&0xDF;
wait(10000);
}
// show error code on 7-seg display
//LED2 on
}
/******************************************************************************
NAME: __interrupt void IRQ_LIN_RX ()
FUNCTION: transmit or receive data and deal with in interrupt function
******************************************************************************/
__interrupt void IRQ_LIN_RX(void)
{
if (ESCR_LBD)
// LIN Break Detection?
{
ESCR = 0x80;
// Clear flag
if (LIN_State == 1)
{
SCR = 0x03;
LIN_State = 2;
LIN_Checksum = 0;
LIN_Count = 0;
T00CR1 = 0xA0;
www.cypress.com
// Enable reception & transmission
// ready to receive synch field
// Clear possible ICU-IRQ
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if (++counter == 10)
counter = 0;
PDR6=PDR6^0x08;
//toggle LED4
Rx_Error = 1;
// Unexpected reception of break
}
else
{
}
}
else if (SSR_RDRF)
{
Rx_Data = RDR_TDR;
// Reception?
// Get reception data
if (SSR_ORE || SSR_FRE)
{
Rx_Error = 2;
}
// Reception errors?
else if (LIN_State == 2)
{
T00CR1 = 0x00;
// Synch field read?
// disable Capture-IRQ
if (Rx_Data != 0x55)
{
Rx_Error = 3;
}
else
{
LIN_State = 3;
// ready to receive header
}
}
else if (LIN_State == 3)
{
LIN_Header = Rx_Data;
if (LIN_Header == SLAVESEND)
{
RDR_TDR = LIN_Data[LIN_Count];
LIN_Count++;
}
// Header read?
// Send LIN Data
LIN_State = 4;
}
else if (LIN_State == 4)
// LIN Data read / write
{
if (LIN_Header == MASTERSEND)
// Master sent data?
{
LIN_Checksum = LIN_Checksum + Rx_Data;
LIN_Data[LIN_Count] = Rx_Data;
LIN_Count++;
if (LIN_Count == DATALENGTH) // End of message reached?
{
LIN_Count = 0;
LIN_State = 5;
LIN_Checksum = LIN_Checksum ^ 0xFF;
}
}
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F²MC - 8FX Family, MB95200H/210H Series, LIN-UART
else
{
LIN_Checksum = LIN_Checksum + LIN_Data[LIN_Count];
RDR_TDR = LIN_Data[LIN_Count];
// Send next LIN Data
LIN_Count++;
if (LIN_Count == DATALENGTH) // End of message reached?
{
LIN_Count = 0;
LIN_State = 5;
LIN_Checksum = LIN_Checksum ^ 0xFF;
}
}
}
else if (LIN_State == 5)
{
if (LIN_Header == MASTERSEND)
{
if (Rx_Data != LIN_Checksum)
{
Rx_Error = 4;
}
}
// LIN Checksum read / write
// Master sent data?
else
{
RDR_TDR = LIN_Checksum;
// Send Checksum
}
SCR_RXE = 0;
// disable reception wait
LIN_State = 1;
// (new message)
for LIN break
}
}
else
recognized interrupt cause
{
Rx_Error = 5;
SSR_RIE = 0;
interrupt
}
}
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// Not
// disable reception
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F²MC - 8FX Family, MB95200H/210H Series, LIN-UART
/******************************************************************************
NAME: __interrupt void IRQ_CompTimer ()
FUNCTION: use timer change flag bit
******************************************************************************/
__interrupt void IRQ_CompTimer(void)
{
if (ICU_State == 0)
// Rising edge detected?
{
ICU_State = 1;
}
else
// Falling edge (last
edge) detected!
{
ICU_State = 0;
temp1= T01DR>>3;
BGR1 = temp1;
temp0= T00DR>>3;
BGR0 = temp0;
if(cnt<250)
cnt++;
}
if (T00CR1_IF)
Rx_Error = 6;
T00CR1 = 0xA0;
// clear flag
}
vectors.c
#include "mb95200.h"
void InitIrqLevels(void)
{
ILR1 = 0x73;
//
//
//
IRQ4:
IRQ5:
//
IRQ7:
UART/SIO ch0
8/16-bit timer ch0 (lower)
IRQ6: 8/16-bit timer ch0 (upper)
LIN-UART (reception)
}
__interrupt void DefaultIRQHandler (void);
__interrupt void IRQ_LIN_RX(void);
__interrupt void IRQ_CompTimer(void);
#pragma intvect IRQ_CompTimer 5
#pragma intvect IRQ_LIN_RX 7
__interrupt
void DefaultIRQHandler (void)
{
__DI();
while(1)
__wait_nop();
}
www.cypress.com
// IRQ5: 8/16-bit timer ch0 (lower)
// IRQ7: LIN-UART (reception)
// disable interrupts
// halt system
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F²MC - 8FX Family, MB95200H/210H Series, LIN-UART
7
Additional Information
For more information on Cypress Microcontrollers Products, please visit the following websites:
http://www.cypress.com/cypress-microcontrollers
http://www.cypress.com/cypress-mcu-product-softwareexamples
www.cypress.com
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F²MC - 8FX Family, MB95200H/210H Series, LIN-UART
Document History
Document Title: AN205279 – F²MC - 8FX Family, MB95200H/210H Series, LIN-UART
Document Number: 002-05279
Revision
ECN
Orig. of
Change
Submission
Date
**
-
Glede. Luo
20/03/2008
V1.0, First Draft
22/07/2008
V1.1,
Description of Change
Modified some words and acronyms usage.
Modified communication data bit description.
Modified the baud rate measurement in LIN slave mode.
*A
5261924
www.cypress.com
HUAL
06/15/2016
Migrated Spansion Application Note “MCU-AN-500006-E-11” to Cypress format.
Document No. 002-05279 Rev.*A
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F²MC - 8FX Family, MB95200H/210H Series, LIN-UART
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© Cypress Semiconductor Corporation,2008-2016. This document is the property of Cypress Semiconductor Corporation and its subsidiaries, including
Spansion LLC (“Cypress”). This document, including any software or firmware included or referenced in this document (“Software”), is owned by
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users (either directly or indirectly through resellers and distributors), solely for use on Cypress hardware product units, and (2) under those claims of
Cypress’s patents that are infringed by the Software (as provided by Cypress, unmodified) to make, use, distribute, and import the Software solely for
use with Cypress hardware products. Any other use, reproduction, modification, translation, or compilation of the Software is prohibited.
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www.cypress.com
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