Features • Integrated PLL Loop Filter • ESD Protection (4 kV HBM/200V MM; Except Pin 2: 4 kV HBM/100V MM) also at ANT1/ANT2 • High Output Power (8.0 dBm) with Low Supply Current (9.0 mA) • Modulation Scheme ASK/FSK • • • • • • • – FSK Modulation is Achieved by Connecting an Additional Capacitor Between the XTAL Load Capacitor and the Open Drain Output of the Modulating Microcontroller Easy to Design-in Due to Excellent Isolation of the PLL from the PA and Power Supply Single Li-cell for Power Supply Supply Voltage 2.0V to 4.0V in the Temperature Range of –40°C to +85°C Package TSSOP8L Single-ended Antenna Output with High Efficient Power Amplifier CLK Output for Clocking the Microcontroller One-chip Solution with Minimum External Circuitry ATA8401 Applications • • • • • • • UHF ASK/FSK Industrial Transmitter Industrial/Aftermarket Remote Keyless Entry Systems Alarm, Telemetering, and Energy Metering Systems Remote Control Systems for Consumer and Industrial Markets Access Control Systems Home Automation Home Entertainment Toys 1. Description The ATA8401 is a PLL transmitter IC, which has been developed for the demands of RF low-cost transmission systems for industrial applications at data rates up to 50 kBaud ASK and 32 kBaud FSK modulation scheme. The transmitting frequency range is 310 MHz to 350 MHz. It can be used in both FSK and ASK systems. Figure 1-1. System Block Diagram UHF ASK/FSK Remote control transmitter UHF ASK/FSK Remote control receiver 1 Li cell ATA8401 Keys Encoder ATARx9x ATA3741/ ATA3745/ ATA5743/ ATA5744/ ATA8201 PLL Antenna XTO Control Microcontroller IF Amp Antenna VCO LNA 1 to 3 Demod PLL LNA XTO VCO 4984A–IND–02/07 2. Pin Configuration Figure 2-1. Pinning TSSOP8L ATA8401 CLK PA_ENABLE ANT2 ANT1 Table 2-1. Pin 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 ENABLE GND VS XTAL Pin Description Symbol Function Configuration VS 1 CLK Clock output signal for microcontroller The clock output frequency is set by the crystal to fXTAL/4 100Ω CLK 100Ω PA_ENABLE 2 PA_ENABLE 50 kΩ UREF = 1.1V Switches on power amplifier used for ASK modulation 20 µA ANT1 3 ANT2 Emitter of antenna output stage 4 ANT1 Open collector antenna output ANT2 2 ATA8401 4984A–IND–02/07 ATA8401 Table 2-1. Pin Pin Description (Continued) Symbol Function Configuration VS 1.5 kΩ 5 XTAL VS 1.2 kΩ Connection for crystal XTAL 182 µA 6 7 VS GND 8 ENABLE Supply voltage Ground See ESD protection circuitry (see Figure 4-5 on page 9) See ESD protection circuitry (see Figure 4-5 on page 9) ENABLE Figure 2-2. 200 kΩ Enable input Block Diagram ATA8401 Power up/down f CLK ENABLE 4 1 8 f 32 PA_ENABLE GND 2 7 PDF CP ANT2 VS 6 3 LF ANT1 4 PA VCO XTO 5 XTAL PLL 3 4984A–IND–02/07 3. General Description This fully integrated PLL transmitter allows particularly simple, low-cost RF miniature transmitters to be assembled. The VCO is locked to 32 fXTAL, and therefore a 9.8438 MHz crystal is needed for a 315 MHz transmitter. All other PLL and VCO peripheral elements are integrated. The XTO is a series resonance oscillator so that only one capacitor together with a crystal connected in series to GND are needed as external elements. The crystal oscillator together with the PLL typically needs < 3 ms until the PLL is locked and the CLK output is stable. There is a wait time of ≥ 3 ms until the CLK is used for the microcontroller and the PA is switched on. The power amplifier is an open-collector output delivering a current pulse, which is nearly independent from the load impedance. The delivered output power is therefore controllable via the connected load impedance. This output configuration enables a simple matching to any kind of antenna or to 50 Ω. A high power efficiency of η= Pout/(IS,PA VS) of 40% for the power amplifier results when an optimized load impedance of ZLoad = (255 + j192) Ω is used at 3V supply voltage. 4. Functional Description If ENABLE = L and the PA_ENABLE = L, the circuit is in standby mode, consuming only a very small amount of current, so that a lithium cell used as power supply can work for several years. With ENABLE = H the XTO, PLL, and the CLK driver are switched on. If PA_ENABLE remains L, only the PLL and the XTO are running, and the CLK signal is delivered to the microcontroller. The VCO locks to 32 times the XTO frequency. With ENABLE = H and PA_ENABLE = H the PLL, XTO, CLK driver, and the power amplifier are on. The power amplifier can be switched on and off with PA_ENABLE. This is used to perform the ASK modulation. 4.1 ASK Transmission The ATA8401 is activated by ENABLE = H. PA_ENABLE must remain L for typically ≥ 3 ms, then the CLK signal can be taken to clock the microcontroller and the output power can be modulated by means of the PA_ENABLE pin. After transmission, PA_ENABLE is switched to L and the microcontroller switches back to internal clocking. The ATA8401 is switched back to standby mode with ENABLE = L. 4.2 FSK Transmission The ATA8401 is activated by ENABLE = H. PA_ENABLE must remain L for typically ≥ 3 ms, then the CLK signal can be taken to clock the microcontroller, and the power amplifier is switched on with PA_ENABLE = H. The chip is then ready for FSK modulation. The microcontroller starts to switch on and off the capacitor between the XTAL load capacitor and GND with an open-drain output port, thus changing the reference frequency of the PLL. If the switch is closed, the output frequency is lower than if the switch is open. After transmission, PA_ENABLE is switched to L, and the microcontroller switches back to internal clocking. The ATA8401 is switched back to standby mode with ENABLE = L. The accuracy of the frequency deviation with XTAL pulling method is about ±25% when the following tolerances are considered. 4 ATA8401 4984A–IND–02/07 ATA8401 Figure 4-1. Tolerances of Frequency Modulation VS CStray1 CStray2 LM C4 XTAL CM RS C0 Crystal equivalent circuit C5 CSwitch Using C4 = 8.2 pF ±5%, C5 = 10 pF ±5%, a switch port with CSwitch = 3 pF ±10%, stray capacitances on each side of the crystal of CStray1 = CStray2 = 1 pF ±10%, a parallel capacitance of the crystal of C0 = 3.2 pF ±10%, and a crystal with CM = 13 fF ±10%, typically results in an FSK deviation of ±21.5 kHz with worst case tolerances of ±16.25 kHz to ±28.01 kHz. 4.3 CLK Output An output CLK signal is provided for a connected microcontroller. The delivered signal is CMOS compatible if the load capacitance is lower than 10 pF. 4.3.1 Clock Pulse Take-over The clock of the crystal oscillator can be used for clocking the microcontroller. A special feature of Atmel®’s ATARx9x is that it starts with an integrated RC-oscillator to switch on the ATA8401 with ENABLE = H, and after 1 ms assumes the clock signal of the transmission IC, so that the message can be sent with crystal accuracy. 4.3.2 Output Matching and Power Setting The output power is set by the load impedance of the antenna. The maximum output power is achieved with a load impedance of ZLoad,opt = (255 + j192)Ω. There must be a low resistive path to VS to deliver the DC current. The delivered current pulse of the power amplifier is 9 mA. The maximum output power is delivered to a resistive load of 400Ω if the 1.0 pF output capacitance of the power amplifier is compensated by the load impedance. An optimum load impedance of: ZLoad = 400Ω || j/(2 × π 1.0 pF) = (255 + j192)Ω thus results for the maximum output power of 8 dBm. The load impedance is defined as the impedance seen from the ATA8401’s ANT1, ANT2 into the matching network. Do not confuse this large signal load impedance with a small signal input impedance delivered as input characteristic of RF amplifiers and measured from the application into the IC instead of from the IC into the application for a power amplifier. Less output power is achieved by lowering the real parallel part of 400Ω where the parallel imaginary part should be kept constant. Output power measurement can be done with the circuit shown in Figure 4-2. Note that the component values must be changed to compensate for the individual board parasitics until the ATA8401 has the right load impedance ZLoad,opt = (255 + j192)Ω. Also the damping of the cable used to measure the output power must be calibrated out. 5 4984A–IND–02/07 Figure 4-2. Output Power Measurement at f = 315 MHz VS C1 1 nF L1 56 nH C2 ANT1 ZLopt 3.3 pF ANT2 Note: 4.4 Z = 50Ω Power meter Rin 50Ω For 345 MHz C2 has to be changed to 2.7 pF Application Circuit A value of C3 = 68 nF/X7R is recommended for the supply-voltage blocking capacitor C3 (see Figure 4-3 on page 7 and Figure 4-4 on page 8). C1 and C2 are used to match the loop antenna to the power amplifier where C1 typically is 22 pF/NP0 and C2 is 10.8 pF/NP0 (18 pF + 27 pF in series). For C2, two capacitors in series should be used to achieve a better tolerance value and to have the possibility of realizing the ZLoad,opt using standard valued capacitors. C1, together with the pins of ATA8401 and the PCB board wires, forms a series resonance loop that suppresses the 1st harmonic. Therefore, the position of C1 on the PCB is important. Normally the best suppression is achieved when C1 is placed as close as possible to the pins ANT1 and ANT2. The loop antenna should not exceed a width of 1.5 mm, otherwise the Q-factor of the loop antenna is too high. L1 ([50 nH to 100 nH) can be printed on PCB. C4 should be selected so that the XTO runs on the load resonance frequency of the crystal. Normally, a 15 pF load-capacitance crystal results in a value of 12 pF. 6 ATA8401 4984A–IND–02/07 ATA8401 Figure 4-3. ASK Application Circuit S1 BPXY VDD ATARx9x VS 1 S2 VSS BPXY 20 BPXY BPXY OSC1 7 ATA8401 Power up/down CLK ENABLE f 4 1 8 f 32 GND PA_ENABLE 2 7 PDF C3 C2 CP VS ANT2 3 6 VS Loop Antenna LF C1 XTAL ANT1 4 PA VCO PLL L1 XTO XTAL 5 C4 VS 7 4984A–IND–02/07 Figure 4-4. FSK Application Circuit S1 BPXY VDD ATARx9x VS 1 S2 VSS BPXY 20 BP42/T2O BPXY 18 BPXY OSC1 7 ATA8401 Power up/down CLK ENABLE f 4 1 8 f 32 PA_ENABLE GND 2 7 PDF C3 C2 CP ANT2 VS 3 Loop Antenna 6 VS LF C1 C5 ANT1 XTAL 4 PA VCO PLL L1 XTO XTAL 5 C4 VS 8 ATA8401 4984A–IND–02/07 ATA8401 Figure 4-5. ESD Protection Circuit VS ANT1 CLK PA_ENABLE ANT2 XTAL ENABLE GND 5. Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Parameters Maximum Unit Supply voltage Symbol VS 5 V Power dissipation Ptot 100 mW Tj 150 °C °C Junction temperature Minimum Storage temperature Tstg –55 +85 Ambient temperature Tamb –55 +85 Input voltage VmaxPA_ENABLE –0.3 Note: 1. If VS + 0.3 is higher than 3.7V, the maximum voltage will be reduced to 3.7V. °C (VS + 0.3) (1) V 6. Thermal Resistance Parameters Junction ambient Symbol Value Unit RthJA 170 K/W 7. Electrical Characteristics VS = 2.0V to 4.0V, Tamb = 25°C unless otherwise specified. Typical values are given at VS = 3.0V and Tamb = 25°C. All parameters are referred to GND (pin 7). Parameters Test Conditions Supply current Power down, VENABLE < 0.25 V, -40°C to 85°C VPA-ENABLE < 0.25 V, 25°C (100% correlation tested) Supply current Power up, PA off, VS = 3 V, VENABLE > 1.7 V, VPA-ENABLE < 0.25 V Min. Typ. Max. Unit 350 nA nA IS_Off < 10 IS 3.7 4.8 mA 9 11.6 mA Power up, VS = 3.0 V, IS_Transmit VENABLE > 1.7 V, VPA-ENABLE > 1.7 V 1. If VS is higher than 3.6V, the maximum voltage will be reduced to 3.6V. Supply current Note: Symbol 9 4984A–IND–02/07 7. Electrical Characteristics (Continued) VS = 2.0V to 4.0V, Tamb = 25°C unless otherwise specified. Typical values are given at VS = 3.0V and Tamb = 25°C. All parameters are referred to GND (pin 7). Parameters Test Conditions Output power VS = 3.0V, Tamb = 25°C, f = 315 MHz, ZLoad = (255 + j192)W Output power variation for the full temperature range Tamb = 25°C, VS = 3.0V VS = 2.0V Output power variation for the full temperature range Tamb = 25°C, VS = 3.0V VS = 2.0V, POut = PRef + ∆PRef Achievable output-power range Selectable by load impedance Spurious emission fCLK = f0/128 Load capacitance at pin CLK = 10 pF fO ±1 × fCLK fO ±4 × fCLK Other spurious are lower Oscillator frequency XTO (= phase comparator frequency) fXTO = f0/32 fXTAL = resonant frequency of the XTAL, CM ≤ 10 fF, load capacitance selected accordingly Tamb = 25°C Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit PRef 6.0 8.0 10.5 dBm ∆PRef ∆PRef –1.5 –4.0 dB dB ∆PRef ∆PRef –2.0 –4.5 dB dB 8.0 dBm POut_typ 0 fXTO PLL loop bandwidth –55 –52 dBc dBc fXTAL ppm 250 kHz Phase noise of phase comparator Referred to fPC = fXT0, 25 kHz distance to carrier –116 –110 dBc/Hz In-loop phase noise PLL 25 kHz distance to carrier –86 –80 dBc/Hz Phase noise VCO At 1 MHz At 36 MHz –94 –125 –90 –121 dBc/Hz dBc/Hz 350 MHz Frequency range of VCO fVCO 310 Clock output frequency (CMOS microcontroller compatible) Voltage swing at pin CLK f0/128 CLoad ≤ 10 pF Series resonance R of the crystal V0h V0l VS × 0.8 Rs Capacitive load at pin XT0 MHz VS × 0.2 V V 110 Ω 7 pF FSK modulation frequency rate Duty cycle of the modulation signal = 50% 0 32 kHz ASK modulation frequency rate Duty cycle of the modulation signal = 50% 0 50 kHz Low level input voltage High level input voltage Input current high 0.25 ENABLE input 20 V V µA 0.25 VS(1) 5 V V µA Low level input voltage VIl VIh High level input voltage IIn Input current high 1. If VS is higher than 3.6V, the maximum voltage will be reduced to 3.6V. PA_ENABLE input Note: 10 VIl VIh IIn 1.7 1.7 ATA8401 4984A–IND–02/07 ATA8401 8. Ordering Information Extended Type Number Package MOQ ATA8401-6AQY TSSOP8L 5000 pcs Remarks Taped and reeled, Pb-free 9. Package Information 3±0.1 +0.06 0.31-0.07 0.65 nom. 3.8±0.3 4.9±0.1 +0.0 0.1±0.05 3±0.1 0.15-0.025 0.85±0.05 +0.05 1-0.15 Package: TSSOP 8L Dimensions in mm 3 x 0.65 = 1.95 nom. 8 5 technical drawings according to DIN specifications Drawing-No.: 6.543-5083.01-4 1 4 Issue: 2; 15.03.04 11 4984A–IND–02/07 Atmel Corporation 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 487-2600 Regional Headquarters Europe Atmel Sarl Route des Arsenaux 41 Case Postale 80 CH-1705 Fribourg Switzerland Tel: (41) 26-426-5555 Fax: (41) 26-426-5500 Asia Room 1219 Chinachem Golden Plaza 77 Mody Road Tsimshatsui East Kowloon Hong Kong Tel: (852) 2721-9778 Fax: (852) 2722-1369 Japan 9F, Tonetsu Shinkawa Bldg. 1-24-8 Shinkawa Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033 Japan Tel: (81) 3-3523-3551 Fax: (81) 3-3523-7581 Atmel Operations Memory 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 436-4314 RF/Automotive Theresienstrasse 2 Postfach 3535 74025 Heilbronn, Germany Tel: (49) 71-31-67-0 Fax: (49) 71-31-67-2340 Microcontrollers 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 436-4314 La Chantrerie BP 70602 44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France Tel: (33) 2-40-18-18-18 Fax: (33) 2-40-18-19-60 1150 East Cheyenne Mtn. Blvd. Colorado Springs, CO 80906, USA Tel: 1(719) 576-3300 Fax: 1(719) 540-1759 Biometrics Avenue de Rochepleine BP 123 38521 Saint-Egreve Cedex, France Tel: (33) 4-76-58-47-50 Fax: (33) 4-76-58-47-60 ASIC/ASSP/Smart Cards Zone Industrielle 13106 Rousset Cedex, France Tel: (33) 4-42-53-60-00 Fax: (33) 4-42-53-60-01 1150 East Cheyenne Mtn. Blvd. Colorado Springs, CO 80906, USA Tel: 1(719) 576-3300 Fax: 1(719) 540-1759 Scottish Enterprise Technology Park Maxwell Building East Kilbride G75 0QR, Scotland Tel: (44) 1355-803-000 Fax: (44) 1355-242-743 Literature Requests www.atmel.com/literature Disclaimer: The information in this document is provided in connection with Atmel products. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property right is granted by this document or in connection with the sale of Atmel products. EXCEPT AS SET FORTH IN ATMEL’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE LOCATED ON ATMEL’S WEB SITE, ATMEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY WARRANTY RELATING TO ITS PRODUCTS INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL ATMEL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, SPECIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR LOSS OF INFORMATION) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IF ATMEL HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. Atmel makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time without notice. Atmel does not make any commitment to update the information contained herein. Unless specifically provided otherwise, Atmel products are not suitable for, and shall not be used in, automotive applications. Atmel’s products are not intended, authorized, or warranted for use as components in applications intended to support or sustain life. © 2007 Atmel Corporation. All rights reserved. Atmel ®, logo and combinations thereof, Everywhere You Are® and others are registered trademarks or trademarks of Atmel Corporation or its subsidiaries. Other terms and product names may be trademarks of others. 4984A–IND–02/07