DHT11 Humidity & Temperature Sensor D-Robotics UK (www.droboticsonline.com) DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor features a temperature & humidity sensor complex with a calibrated digital signal output. D-Robotics 7/30/2010 DHT 11 Humidity & Temperature Sensor 1. Introduction This DFRobot DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor features a temperature & humidity sensor complex with a calibrated digital signal output. By using the exclusive digital-signal-acquisition technique and temperature & humidity sensing technology, it ensures high reliability and excellent long-term stability. This sensor includes a resistive-type humidity measurement component and an NTC temperature measurement component, and connects to a highperformance 8-bit microcontroller, offering excellent quality, fast response, anti-interference ability and cost-effectiveness. Page | 2 Each DHT11 element is strictly calibrated in the laboratory that is extremely accurate on humidity calibration. The calibration coefficients are stored as programmes in the OTP memory, which are used by the sensor’s internal signal detecting process. The single-wire serial interface makes system integration quick and easy. Its small size, low power consumption and up-to-20 meter signal transmission making it the best choice for various applications, including those most demanding ones. The component is 4-pin single row pin package. It is convenient to connect and special packages can be provided according to users’ request. 2. Technical Specifications: Overview: Item DHT11 Page | 3 Measurement Humidity Range Accuracy 20-90%RH ±5％RH 0-50 ℃ Temperature Accuracy ±2℃ Resolution Package 1 4 Pin Single Row Detailed Specifications: Parameters Humidity Resolution Repeatability Accuracy Conditions Minimum Typical Maximum 1%RH 1%RH 8 Bit ±1%RH ±4%RH 1%RH 25℃ 0-50℃ Interchangeability Fully Interchangeable Measurement 30%RH 0℃ Range 20%RH 25℃ 20%RH 50℃ Response Time 1/e(63%)25℃， 6 S (Seconds) 1m/s Air Hysteresis Long-Term Typical Stability Temperature Resolution 1℃ 8 Bit Repeatability Accuracy ±1℃ Measurement 0℃ Range Response Time 1/e(63%) 6S (Seconds) Page | 4 ±5%RH 10 S 90%RH 90%RH 80%RH 15 S ±1%RH ±1%RH/year 1℃ 8 Bit ±1℃ 1℃ 8 Bit ±2℃ 50℃ 30 S 3. Typical Application (Figure 1) Figure 1 Typical Application Note: 3Pin – Null; MCU = Micro-computer Unite or single chip Computer When the connecting cable is shorter than 20 metres, a 5K pull-up resistor is recommended; when the connecting cable is longer than 20 metres, choose a appropriate pull-up resistor as needed. 4. Power and Pin DHT11’s power supply is 3-5.5V DC. When power is supplied to the sensor, do not send any instruction to the sensor in within one second in order to pass the unstable status. One capacitor valued 100nF can be added between VDD and GND for power filtering. 5. Communication Process: Serial Interface (Single-Wire Two-Way) Single-bus data format is used for communication and synchronization between MCU and DHT11 sensor. One communication process is about 4ms. Data consists of decimal and integral parts. A complete data transmission is 40bit, and the sensor sends higher data bit first. Data format: 8bit integral RH data + 8bit decimal RH data + 8bit integral T data + 8bit decimal T data + 8bit check sum. If the data transmission is right, the check-sum should be the last 8bit of "8bit integral RH data + 8bit decimal RH data + 8bit integral T data + 8bit decimal T data". Page | 5 5.1 Overall Communication Process (Figure 2, below) When MCU sends a start signal, DHT11 changes from the low-power-consumption mode to the running-mode, waiting for MCU completing the start signal. Once it is completed, DHT11 sends a response signal of 40-bit data that include the relative humidity and temperature information to MCU. Users can choose to collect (read) some data. Without the start signal from MCU, DHT11 will not give the response signal to MCU. Once data is collected, DHT11 will change to the lowpower-consumption mode until it receives a start signal from MCU again. Figure 2 Overall Communication Process 5.2 MCU Sends out Start Signal to DHT (Figure 3, below) Data Single-bus free status is at high voltage level. When the communication between MCU and DHT11 begins, the programme of MCU will set Data Single-bus voltage level from high to low and this process must take at least 18ms to ensure DHT’s detection of MCU's signal, then MCU will pull up voltage and wait 20-40us for DHT’s response. Figure 3 MCU Sends out Start Signal & DHT Responses Page | 6 5.3 DHT Responses to MCU (Figure 3, above) Once DHT detects the start signal, it will send out a low-voltage-level response signal, which lasts 80us. Then the programme of DHT sets Data Single-bus voltage level from low to high and keeps it for 80us for DHT’s preparation for sending data. When DATA Single-Bus is at the low voltage level, this means that DHT is sending the response signal. Once DHT sent out the response signal, it pulls up voltage and keeps it for 80us and prepares for data transmission. When DHT is sending data to MCU, every bit of data begins with the 50us low-voltage-level and the length of the following high-voltage-level signal determines whether data bit is "0" or "1" (see Figures 4 and 5 below). Figure 4 Data "0" Indication Page | 7 Figure 5 Data "1" Indication If the response signal from DHT is always at high-voltage-level, it suggests that DHT is not responding properly and please check the connection. When the last bit data is transmitted, DHT11 pulls down the voltage level and keeps it for 50us. Then the Single-Bus voltage will be pulled up by the resistor to set it back to the free status. 6. Electrical Characteristics VDD=5V, T = 25℃ (unless otherwise stated) Conditions Minimum Power Supply DC 3V Current Measuring 0.5mA Supply Average 0.2mA Standby 100uA Sampling Second 1 period Typical 5V Maximum 5.5V 2.5mA 1mA 150uA Note: Sampling period at intervals should be no less than 1 second. 7. Attentions of application (1) Operating conditions Applying the DHT11 sensor beyond its working range stated in this datasheet can result in 3%RH signal shift/discrepancy. The DHT11 sensor can recover to the calibrated status gradually when it gets back to the normal operating condition and works within its range. Please refer to (3) of Page | 8 this section to accelerate its recovery. Please be aware that operating the DHT11 sensor in the non-normal working conditions will accelerate sensor’s aging process. (2) Attention to chemical materials Vapor from chemical materials may interfere with DHT’s sensitive-elements and debase its sensitivity. A high degree of chemical contamination can permanently damage the sensor. (3) Restoration process when (1) & (2) happen Step one: Keep the DHT sensor at the condition of Temperature 50~60Celsius, humidity <10%RH for 2 hours; Step two:K keep the DHT sensor at the condition of Temperature 20~30Celsius, humidity >70%RH for 5 hours. (4) Temperature Affect Relative humidity largely depends on temperature. Although temperature compensation technology is used to ensure accurate measurement of RH, it is still strongly advised to keep the humidity and temperature sensors working under the same temperature. DHT11 should be mounted at the place as far as possible from parts that may generate heat. (5) Light Affect Long time exposure to strong sunlight and ultraviolet may debase DHT’s performance. (6) Connection wires The quality of connection wires will affect the quality and distance of communication and high quality shielding-wire is recommended. (7) Other attentions * Welding temperature should be bellow 260Celsius and contact should take less than 10 seconds. * Avoid using the sensor under dew condition. * Do not use this product in safety or emergency stop devices or any other occasion that failure of DHT11 may cause personal injury. * Storage: Keep the sensor at temperature 10-40℃, humidity <60%RH. Declaim: This datasheet is a translated version of the manufacturer’s datasheet. Although the due care has been taken during the translation, D-Robotics is not responsible for the accuracy of the information contained in this document. Copyright © D-Robotics. D-Robotics: www.droboticsonline.com Email contact: [email protected] Page | 9