ATMEL U209B

Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Internal Frequency-to-voltage Converter
Externally Controlled Integrated Amplifier
Automatic Soft Start with Minimized “Dead Time”
Voltage and Current Synchronization
Retriggering
Triggering Pulse Typically 155 mA
Internal Supply-voltage Monitoring
Temperature-compensated Reference Source
Current Requirement ≤ 3 mA
1. Description
The integrated circuit U209B is designed as a phase-control circuit in bipolar technology with an internal frequency-to-voltage converter. The device includes an internal
open-loop amplifier, which means it can be used for motor speed control with tacho
feedback.
Phase Control
IC for Tacho
Applications
U209B
The U209B is a 14-pin shrink version of the U211B with reduced features. Using the
U209B, the designer is able to realize sophisticated as well as economic motor control
systems.
Figure 1-1.
Block Diagram
14(16)
1(1)
Automatic
retriggering
Voltage/Current
detector
4(4)
Output
pulse
5(5)
10(10)
+
6(6)
Control
amplifier
Phase
3(3)
9(9)
ϕ = f (V11)
-
-VS
Supply
voltage
limitation
control unit
Reference
voltage
2(2)
GND
13(15)
Voltage
monitoring
Soft start
Frequencyto-voltage
converter
U209B
-VS
11(11)
12(12)
8(8)
7(7)
Pin numbers in brackets refer to SO16 Package
4765C–INDCO–02/07
2
R 10
56 k Ω
R12
100 kΩ
R9
47 k Ω
Actual
speed
voltage
2.2 µF/16 V
C9
R 11
100 k Ω
C6
9
10
100 nF
Set speed
voltage
R8
R6
68 k Ω
C7
2.2 µF
16 V
Control
amplifier
R4
-V s
22 k Ω
R7
220 nF
2.2 µF
16 V
C5
8
7
Frequencyto-voltage
converter
1 nF
C3
12
Soft start
Phase
control unit
ϕ = f (V 11)
Automatic
retriggering
C8
470 k W
11
1
Voltage/Current
detector
2 MΩ
-
+
14
R3
220 kΩ
R5
1 kΩ
C4
220 nF
U209B
Voltage
monitoring
Reference
voltage
Supply
voltage
limitation
Output
pulse
13
2
3
6
5
4
C 10
C1
Speed sensor
GND
-V S
C2
3.3 nF
R 2 680 k Ω
220 Ω
R13
18 k Ω
2W
2.2 µF
16 V
22 µ F
25 V
R1
D1
M
N
VM =
230 V ~
L
Figure 1-2.
Block Diagram with Typical Circuitry for Speed Regulation
U209B
4765C–INDCO–02/07
U209B
2. Pin Configuration
Figure 2-1.
Pinning DIP14
Isync
GND
-VS
Output
VRP
CP
F/V
Table 2-1.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
Vsync
VRef
Csoft
CTR/OPO
OP+
OPCRV
Pin Description
Pin
Symbol
Function
1
Isync
Current synchronization
2
GND
Ground
3
-VS
4
Output
Trigger pulse output
5
VRP
Ramp current adjust
6
CP
Ramp voltage
7
F/V
Frequency-to-voltage converter
8
CRV
Charge pump
Supply voltage
9
OP-
OP inverting input
10
OP+
OP non-inverting input
11
CTR/OPO
Control input/OP output
12
Csoft
Soft start
13
VRef
Reference voltage
14
Vsync
Voltage synchronization
3
4765C–INDCO–02/07
Figure 2-2.
Pinning SO16
Isync
GND
-VS
Output
VRP
CP
F/V
CRV
Table 2-2.
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
Vsync
VRef
NC
NC
Csoft
CTR/OPO
OP+
OP-
Pin Description
Pin
Symbol
Function
1
Isync
Current synchronization
2
GND
Ground
Supply voltage
3
-VS
4
Output
Trigger pulse output
5
VRP
Ramp current adjust
6
CP
Ramp voltage
7
F/V
Frequency-to-voltage converter
8
CRV
Charge pump
9
OP-
OP inverting input
10
OP+
OP non-inverting input
11
CTR/OPO
Control input/OP output
12
Csoft
Soft start
13
NC
Not connected
14
NC
Not connected
15
VRef
Reference voltage
16
Vsync
Voltage synchronization
U209B
4765C–INDCO–02/07
U209B
3. Description
3.1
Mains Supply
The U209B is equipped with voltage limiting and can therefore be supplied directly from the
mains. The supply voltage between pin 2 (+ pol/⊥) and pin 3 builds up across D1 and R1, and is
smoothed by C1. The value of the series resistance can be approximated using:
VM – VS
R 1 = -------------------2 IS
Further information regarding the design of the mains supply can be found in the section “Design
Calculations for Mains Supply” on page 9. The reference voltage source on pin 13 of typically
-8.9 V is derived from the supply voltage and represents the reference level of the control unit.
Operation using an externally stabilized DC voltage is not recommended.
If the supply cannot be taken directly from the mains because the power dissipation in R1 would
be too large, the circuit as shown in Figure 3-1 should be used.
Figure 3-1.
Supply Voltage for High Current Requirements
~
U209B
24 V~
1
R1
3.2
2
3
4
5
C1
Phase Control
The function of the phase control is largely identical to that of the well known integrated circuit
U2008B. The phase angle of the trigger pulse is derived by comparing the ramp voltage (which
is mains synchronized by the voltage detector) with the set value on the control input pin 4. The
slope of the ramp is determined by C2 and its charging current. The charging current can be varied using R2 on pin 5. The maximum phase angle αmax can also be adjusted by using R2.
When the potential on pin 6 reaches the nominal value predetermined at pin 11, a trigger pulse
is generated whose width tp is determined by the value of C2 (the value of C2 and hence the
pulse width can be evaluated by assuming 8 µs/nF).
The current sensor on pin 1 ensures that, for operation with inductive loads, no pulse is generated in a new half cycle as long as a current from the previous half cycle is still flowing in the
opposite direction to the supply voltage at that instant. This makes sure that “gaps” in the load
current are prevented.
The control signal on pin 11 can be in the range 0 V to -7 V (reference point pin 2).
If V11 = -7 V, the phase angle is at maximum = αmax, i.e., the current flow angle is at minimum.
The minimum phase angle αmin is when V11 = Vpin 2.
5
4765C–INDCO–02/07
3.3
Voltage Monitoring
As the voltage is built up, uncontrolled output pulses are avoided by internal voltage surveillance. At the same time, all latches in the circuit (phase control, soft start) are reset and the
soft-start capacitor is short-circuited. Used with a switching hysteresis of 300 mV, this system
guarantees defined start-up behavior each time the supply voltage is switched on or after short
interruptions of the mains supply.
3.4
Soft Start
As soon as the supply voltage builds up (t1), the integrated soft start is initiated. Figure 3-2
shows the behavior of the voltage across the soft-start capacitor, which is identical with the voltage on the phase control input on pin 11. This behavior guarantees a gentle start-up for the
motor and automatically ensures the optimum run-up time.
C3 is first charged up to the starting voltage Vo with typically 30 µA current (t2). By reducing the
charging current to approximately 4 µA, the slope of the charging function is also substantially
reduced, so that the rotational speed of the motor only slowly increases. The charging current
then increases as the voltage across C3 increases giving a progressively rising charging function
which accelerates the motor with increasing rotational speed. The charging function determines
the acceleration up to the set-point. The charging current can have a maximum value of 50 mA.
Figure 3-2.
Soft Start
VC3
V12
V0
t
t1
t3
t2
t tot
t1
t2
t1 + t2
t3
ttot
6
= build-up of supply voltage
= charging of C3 to starting voltage
= dead time
= run-up time
= total start-up time to required speed
U209B
4765C–INDCO–02/07
U209B
3.5
Frequency-to-voltage Converter
The internal frequency-to-voltage converter (f/V converter) generates a DC signal on pin 9 which
is proportional to the rotational speed, using an AC signal from a tacho generator or a light beam
whose frequency is in turn dependent on the rotational speed. The high impedance input with a
switch-on threshold of typically -100 mV gives very reliable operation even when relatively simple tacho generators are employed. The tacho frequency is given by:
n
f = ------ p(Hz)
60
n = revolution per minute
p = number of pulses per revolution
The converter is based on the charge pumping principle. With each negative half wave of the
input signal, a quantity of charge determined by C5 is internally amplified and then integrated by
C6 at the converter output on pin 9. The conversion constant is determined by C5, its charging
voltage of Vch, R6 (pin 9) and the internally adjusted charge amplification Gi.
k = Gi × C5 × R6 × Vch
The analog output voltage is given by
where:
Vo
Vch
Gi
=k× f
= 6.7 V
= 8.3
The values of C5 and C6 must be such that for the highest possible input frequency, the maximum output voltage V0 does not exceed 6 V. The Ri on pin 8 is approximately 6 kΩ while C5 is
charging up. To obtain good linearity of the f/V converter the time constant resulting from Ri and
C5 should be considerably less (1/5) than the time span of the negative half cycle for the highest
possible input frequency. The amount of remaining ripple on the output voltage on pin 9 is
dependent on C5, C6 and the internal charge amplification.
G i × V ch × C 5
∆V O = -----------------------------------C6
The ripple ∆Vo can be reduced by using larger values of C6, however, the maximum conversion
speed will then also be reduced.
The value of this capacitor should be chosen to fit the particular control loop where it is going to
be used.
7
4765C–INDCO–02/07
3.6
Control Amplifier
The integrated control amplifier with differential input compares the set value (pin 10) with the
instantaneous value on pin 9, and generates a regulating voltage on the output pin 11 (together
with external circuitry on pin 12). This pin always tries to keep the real voltage at the value of the
set voltages. The amplifier has a transmittance of typically 110 µA/V and a bipolar current
source output on pin 11 which operates with typically ±100 µA. The amplification and frequency
response are determined by R7, C7, C8 and R8 (can be left out). For operation as a power divider,
C4, C5, R6, C6, R7, C7, C8 and R8 can be left out. Pin 9 should be connected with pin 11 and pin 7
with pin 2. The phase angle of the triggering pulse can be adjusted using the voltage on pin 10.
An internal limiting circuit prevents the voltage on pin 11 from becoming more negative than V13
+ 1 V.
3.7
Pulse-output Stage
The pulse-output stage is short-circuit protected and can typically deliver currents of 125 mA.
For the design of smaller triggering currents, the function IGT = f (RGT) can be taken from Figure
6-8 on page 15.
3.8
Automatic Retriggering
The automatic retriggering prevents half cycles without current flow, even if the triacs have been
turned off earlier, e.g., due to not exactly centered collector (brush lifter) or in the event of unsuccessful triggering. If necessary, another triggering pulse is generated after a time lapse of
tPP = 4.5 tP and this is repeated until either the triac fires or the half cycle finishes.
3.9
General Hints and Explanation of Terms
To ensure safe and trouble-free operation, the following points should be taken into consideration when circuits are being constructed or in the design of printed circuit boards.
The connecting lines from C2 to pin 6 and pin 2 should be as short as possible, and the connection to pin 2 should not carry any additional high current such as the load current. When
selecting C2, a low temperature coefficient is desirable.
The common (earth) connections of the set-point generator, the tacho generator and the final
interference suppression capacitor C4 of the f/V converter should not carry load current.
The tacho generator should be mounted without influence by strong stray fields from the motor.
8
U209B
4765C–INDCO–02/07
U209B
Figure 3-3.
Explanation of Terms in Phase Relationship
V
Mains
Supply
π/2
π
3/2π
2π
VGT
Trigger
Pulse
tp
tpp = 4.5 tp
VL
Load
Voltage
ϕ
IL
Load
Current
Φ
3.10
Design Calculations for Mains Supply
The following equations can be used for the evaluation of the series resistor R1 for worst case
conditions:
V Mmin – V Smax
R 1max = 0.85 -------------------------------------2 I tot
V M – V Smin
R 1min = ---------------------------2 I Smax
2
( V Mmax – V Smin )
P ( R1max ) = --------------------------------------------2 R1
where:
VM
VS
Itot
ISmax
Ip
Ix
= Mains voltage 230 V
= Supply voltage on pin 3
= Total DC current requirement of the circuit
= IS + Ip + Ix
= Current requirement of the IC in mA
= Average current requirement of the triggering pulse
= Current requirement of other peripheral components
R1 can be easily evaluated from Figure 6-10 on page 15 to Figure 6-12 on page 16.
9
4765C–INDCO–02/07
4. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating
only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of this
specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Reference point pin 2, unless otherwise specified
Parameters
Current requirement
Pins
Symbol
Value
Unit
3
-IS
30
mA
mA
t ≤10 µs
3
-is
100
Synchronization current
1
IsyncI
5
mA
14
IsyncV
5
mA
t < 10 µs
1
±iI
35
mA
t < 10 µs
14
±iV
35
mA
Input current
7
Ieff
3
mA
t <10 µs
7
±ii
13
mA
Input voltage
11
-VI
0 to 7
V
Input current
11
±II
500
µA
12
-VI
|V13| to 0
V
4
VR
VS to 5
V
Input voltage
10
-VI
|VS|
Pin 8 open
9
-VI
|V13| to 0
V
13
Io
7.5
mA
Power dissipation
Tamb = 45° C
Tamb = 80° C
Ptot
Ptot
570
320
mW
mW
Storage temperature range
Tstg
-40 to +125
°C
Tj
125
°C
Tamb
-10 to +100
°C
f/V Converter
Phase Control
Soft Start
Input voltage
Pulse Output
Reverse voltage
Amplifier
Reference Voltage Source
Output current
Junction temperature
Ambient temperature range
Electrostatic sensitive device.
Observe precautions for handling.
5. Thermal Resistance
Parameters
Junction ambient
10
DIP14
SO16 on p.c. board
SO16 on ceramic substrate
Symbol
Value
Unit
RthJA
RthJA
RthJA
140
180
100
K/W
K/W
K/W
U209B
4765C–INDCO–02/07
U209B
6. Electrical Characteristics
-VS = 13.0 V, Tamb = 25° C, reference point pin 2, unless otherwise specified
Parameters
Test Conditions
Supply voltage for mains operation
Pins
Symbol
Min.
3
-VS
Typ.
Max.
Unit
13.0
VLimit
V
16.6
16.8
V
V
Supply voltage limitation
-IS = 3 mA
-IS = 30 mA
3
-VS
14.6
14.7
DC supply current
-VS = 13.0 V
3
-IS
1.1
2.5
3.0
mA
Reference voltage source
-IL = 10 µA
-IL = 5 mA
13
VRef
8.6
8.3
8.9
9.2
9.1
V
V
13
TCVRef
0.5
mV/K
13
V
Temperature coefficient
Voltage Monitoring
11.2
Turn-on threshold
3
-VTON
Turn-off threshold
3
-VTOFF
9.9
1
±IsyncI
0.35
10.9
V
Phase-control Currents
Current synchronization
Voltage synchronization
Voltage limitation
±IL = 5 mA
14
±IsyncV
0.35
1, 14
±VI
1.4
6
I6
1
5, 3
VϕRef
1.06
5
TCVϕRef
4
IO
1.6
2.0
mA
2.0
mA
1.8
V
20
µA
1.18
V
Reference Ramp (see Figure 6-1 on page 12)
Charge current
I6 = f (R5)
R5 = 1 kΩ to 820 kΩ
Rϕ-reference voltage
α ≥ 180°
Temperature coefficient
1.13
0.5
mV/K
Output Pulse
Output pulse current
RV = 0, VGT = 1.2 V
Reverse current
Output pulse width
100
155
190
3.0
4
IOR
0.01
5, 2
tp
8
4
tpp
3
9, 10
VICR
(V13 1 V)
mA
µA
µs/nF
Automatic Retriggering
Repetition rate
4.5
6
tp
(V2 1 V)
V
1
mA
Amplifier
Common-mode signal range
Input bias current
Input offset voltage
Output current
Short circuit forward, transmittance
I11 = f (V9/10)
10
IIB
0.01
9, 10
VIO
10
11
-IO
+IO
11
Yf
75
88
110
120
1000
mV
145
165
µA
µA
µA/V
11
4765C–INDCO–02/07
6. Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
-VS = 13.0 V, Tamb = 25° C, reference point pin 2, unless otherwise specified
Parameters
Test Conditions
Pins
Symbol
7
IIB
7
-VI
+VI
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
0.6
2
µA
750
8.05
mV
V
Frequency-to-voltage Converter
Input bias current
Input voltage limitation
±II = -1 mA
660
7.25
100
Turn-on threshold
7
-VTON
Turn-off threshold
7
-VTOFF
8
Idis
8
Vch
6.50
8, 9
Gi
7.5
Discharge current
(Figure 1-2 on page 2)
Charge transfer voltage
Charge transfer gain
I9/I8
Conversion factor
C8 = 1 nF, R9 = 100 kΩ
Output operating range
f/V output, reference
point pin 13
9
20
150
mV
50
mV
0.5
mA
6.70
6.90
8.3
9.0
V
k
5.5
mV/Hz
VO
0-6
V
±1
%
Linearity
Soft Start, f/V Converter Non-active (see Figure 6-3 on page 13 and Figure 6-4 on page 13)
Starting current
V12 = V13, V7 = V2
12
IO
20
30
50
µA
Final current
V12 = -0.5 V
12
IO
50
85
130
µA
Soft Start, f/V Converter Active (see Figure 6-2 on page 13, Figure 6-5 on page 14)
Starting current
V12 = V13
12
IO
2
4
6
µA
Final current
V12 = -0.5 V
12
IO
30
55
80
µA
Discharge current
Restart pulse
12
-IO
0.5
3
10
mA
Figure 6-1.
Ramp Control
240
Reference Point Pin 2
Phase Angle α (°)
200
4.7 nF
10 nF
2.2 nF
160
120
Cϕ/t = 1.5 nF
80
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Rϕ (MΩ)
12
U209B
4765C–INDCO–02/07
U209B
Figure 6-2.
Soft-start Charge Current (f/V Converter Active)
100
I13 (µA)
80
60
40
20
Reference Point Pin 16
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
V13 (V)
Figure 6-3.
Soft-start Charge Current (f/V Converter Non-active)
100
80
I13 (µA)
Reference Point Pin 16
60
40
20
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
V13 (V)
Figure 6-4.
Soft-start Voltage (f/V Converter Non-active)
10
V13 (V)
8
6
4
2
Reference Point Pin 16
0
t = f(C3)
13
4765C–INDCO–02/07
Figure 6-5.
Soft-start Voltage (f/V Converter Active)
10
8
Reference Point Pin 16
V13 (V)
6
4
2
0
t = f(C3)
Figure 6-6.
f/V Converter Voltage Limitation
500
250
I8 (µA)
Reference Point Pin 2
0
-250
-500
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
V8 (V)
Figure 6-7.
Soft-start Function
10
V13 (V)
8
Reference Point Pin 16
6
4
2
0
t = f(C3)
Motor Standstill (Dead Time)
Motor in Action
14
U209B
4765C–INDCO–02/07
U209B
Figure 6-8.
Amplifier Output Characteristics
100
I12 (µA)
50
0
-50
Reference Point
for I12 = -4 V
-100
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
V10-11 (V)
Figure 6-9.
Pulse Output
100
IGT (mA)
80
60
40
VGT = 0.8 V
1.4 V
20
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
RGT (Ω)
Figure 6-10. Determination of R1
50
R1 (kΩ)
40
Mains Supply
230 V
30
20
10
0
0
4
8
12
16
Itot (mA)
15
4765C–INDCO–02/07
Figure 6-11. Power Dissipation of R1 According to Current Consumption
6
5
Mains Supply
230 V
P(R1) (W)
4
3
2
1
0
0
3
6
9
12
15
Itot (mA)
Figure 6-12. Power Dissipation of R1
6
5
Mains Supply
230 V
P(R1) (W)
4
3
2
1
0
0
10
20
30
40
R1 (kΩ)
16
U209B
4765C–INDCO–02/07
U209B
7. Ordering Information
Extended Type Number
Package
Remarks
U209B-MY
DIP14
Tube, Pb-free
U209B-MFPY
SO16
Tube, Pb-free
U209B-MFPG3Y
SO16
Taped and reeled, Pb-free
8. Package Information
Package DIP14
Dimensions in mm
7.77
7.47
20.0 max
4.8 max
6.4 max
0.5 min 3.3
0.36 max
1.64
1.44
0.58
0.48
9.8
8.2
2.54
15.24
14
8
technical drawings
according to DIN
specifications
1
7
17
4765C–INDCO–02/07
Package SO16
Dimensions in mm
5.2
4.8
10.0
9.85
3.7
1.4
0.25
0.10
0.4
1.27
0.2
3.8
6.15
5.85
8.89
16
9
technical drawings
according to DIN
specifications
1
8
9. Revision History
Please note that the following page numbers referred to in this section refer to the specific revision
mentioned, not to this document.
18
Revision No.
History
4765C-INDCO-02/07
•
•
•
•
•
•
4765B-INDCO-08/05
• Put datasheet in a new template
• First page: Pb-free logo added
• Page 17: Ordering Information changed
Put datasheet in a new template
Pb-free logo on page 1 deleted
ESD information from page 1 removed and put on page 10
Figure 2-2 “Pinning SO16” on page 4 changed
Table 2-2 “Pin Description” on page 4 changed
Section 7 “Ordering Information” on page 17 changed
U209B
4765C–INDCO–02/07
Atmel Corporation
2325 Orchard Parkway
San Jose, CA 95131, USA
Tel: 1(408) 441-0311
Fax: 1(408) 487-2600
Regional Headquarters
Europe
Atmel Sarl
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Hong Kong
Tel: (852) 2721-9778
Fax: (852) 2722-1369
Japan
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1-24-8 Shinkawa
Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033
Japan
Tel: (81) 3-3523-3551
Fax: (81) 3-3523-7581
Atmel Operations
Memory
2325 Orchard Parkway
San Jose, CA 95131, USA
Tel: 1(408) 441-0311
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