Order this document by LM324/D The LM324 series are low–cost, quad operational amplifiers with true differential inputs. They have several distinct advantages over standard operational amplifier types in single supply applications. The quad amplifier can operate at supply voltages as low as 3.0 V or as high as 32 V with quiescent currents about one–fifth of those associated with the MC1741 (on a per amplifier basis). The common mode input range includes the negative supply, thereby eliminating the necessity for external biasing components in many applications. The output voltage range also includes the negative power supply voltage. • Short Circuited Protected Outputs • • • • • • • • QUAD DIFFERENTIAL INPUT OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL DATA True Differential Input Stage N SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 646 (LM224, LM324, LM2902 Only) Single Supply Operation: 3.0 V to 32 V Low Input Bias Currents: 100 nA Maximum (LM324A) 14 1 Four Amplifiers Per Package Internally Compensated Common Mode Range Extends to Negative Supply D SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 751A (SO–14) Industry Standard Pinouts 14 ESD Clamps on the Inputs Increase Ruggedness without Affecting Device Operation 1 PIN CONNECTIONS Out 1 2 Inputs 1 3 MAXIMUM RATINGS (TA = + 25°C, unless otherwise noted.) Rating Power Supply Voltages Single Supply Split Supplies Symbol LM224 LM324, LM324A LM2902, LM2902V VCC Unit Vdc VCC VCC, VEE 32 ±16 26 ±13 Input Differential Voltage Range (See Note 1) VIDR ±32 ±26 Vdc Input Common Mode Voltage Range VICR –0.3 to 32 –0.3 to 26 Vdc Output Short Circuit Duration tSC Continuous Junction Temperature TJ Tstg 150 °C –65 to +150 °C Storage Temperature Range Operating Ambient Temperature Range TA –25 to +85 0 to +70 NOTE: 1. Split Power Supplies. –40 to +105 –40 to +125 °C Inputs 2 6 4 * ) Inputs 4 12 11 )2 * 3 ) * Out 4 13 VEE, Gnd 10 9 8 7 Inputs 3 Out 3 (Top View) ORDERING INFORMATION Device LM2902D LM2902N LM2902VD LM2902VN LM224D LM224N LM324AD LM324AN LM324D LM324N Operating Temperature Range TA = –40° to +105°C TA = –40° to +125°C TA = –25° to +85°C TA = 0° to +70°C Motorola, Inc. 1996 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA *1 ) 4 5 Out 2 14 1 Package SO–14 Plastic DIP SO–14 Plastic DIP SO–14 Plastic DIP SO–14 Plastic DIP SO–14 Plastic DIP Rev 3 1 LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 5.0 V, VEE = Gnd, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.) LM224 Characteristics Symbol Input Offset Voltage VCC = 5.0 V to 30 V (26 V for LM2902, V), VICR = 0 V to VCC –1.7 V, VO = 1.4 V, RS = 0 Ω TA = 25°C TA = Thigh(1) TA = Tlow(1) VIO Average Temperature Coefficient of Input Offset Voltage TA = Thigh to Tlow(1) Min Typ LM324A Max Min Typ LM324 Max Min Typ LM2902 Max Min Typ LM2902V Max Min Typ Max Unit mV – 2.0 5.0 – 2.0 3.0 – 2.0 7.0 – 2.0 7.0 – 2.0 7.0 – – 7.0 – – 5.0 – – 9.0 – – 10 – – 13 – – 7.0 – – 5.0 – – 9.0 – – 10 – – 10 ∆VIO/∆T – 7.0 – – 7.0 30 – 7.0 – – 7.0 – – 7.0 – µV/°C Input Offset Current TA = Thigh to Tlow(1) IIO – – 3.0 – 30 100 – – 5.0 – 30 75 – – 5.0 – 50 150 – – 5.0 – 50 200 – – 5.0 – 50 200 nA Average Temperature Coefficient of Input Offset Current TA = Thigh to Tlow(1) ∆IIO/∆T – 10 – – 10 300 – 10 – – 10 – – 10 – pA/°C Input Bias Current TA = Thigh to Tlow(1) IIB – – –90 – –150 –300 – – –45 – –100 –200 – – –90 – –250 –500 – – –90 – –250 –500 – – –90 – –250 –500 nA Input Common Mode Voltage Range(2) VICR V VCC = 30 V (26 V for LM2902, V) 0 – 28.3 0 – 28.3 0 – 28.3 0 – 24.3 0 – 24.3 VCC = 30 V (26 V for LM2902, V), TA = Thigh to Tlow 0 – 28 0 – 28 0 – 28 0 – 24 0 – 24 – – VCC – – VCC – – VCC – – VCC – – VCC Differential Input Voltage Range VIDR Large Signal Open Loop Voltage Gain AVOL RL = 2.0 kΩ, VCC = 15 V, for Large VO Swing, TA = Thigh to Tlow(1) V V/mV 50 25 100 – – – 25 15 100 – – – 25 15 100 – – – 25 15 100 – – – 25 15 100 – – – Channel Separation 10 kHz ≤ f ≤ 20 kHz, Input Referenced CS – –120 – – –120 – – –120 – – –120 – – –120 – dB Common Mode Rejection, RS ≤ 10 kΩ CMR 70 85 – 65 70 – 65 70 – 50 70 – 50 70 – dB Power Supply Rejection PSR 65 100 – 65 100 – 65 100 – 50 100 – 50 100 – dB Output Voltage – High Limit (TA = Thigh to Tlow)(1) VOH V VCC = 5.0 V, RL = 2.0 kΩ, TA = 25°C 3.3 3.5 – 3.3 3.5 – 3.3 3.5 – 3.3 3.5 – 3.3 3.5 – VCC = 30 V (26 V for LM2902, V), RL = 2.0 kΩ 26 – – 26 – – 26 – – 22 – – 22 – – VCC = 30 V (26 V for LM2902, V), RL = 10 kΩ 27 28 – 27 28 – 27 28 – 23 24 – 23 24 – NOTES: 1. Tlow = –25°C for LM224 Thigh = +85°C for LM224 = 0°C for LM324, A = +70°C for LM324, A = –40°C for LM2902 = +105°C for LM2902 = –40°C for LM2902V = +125°C for LM2902V 2. The input common mode voltage or either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 V. The upper end of the common mode voltage range is VCC –1.7 V. 2 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 5.0 V, VEE = Gnd, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.) LM224 LM324A LM324 LM2902 LM2902V Characteristics Symbol Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Unit Output Voltage – Low Limit, VCC = 5.0 V, RL = 10 kΩ, TA = Thigh to Tlow(1) VOL – 5.0 20 – 5.0 20 – 5.0 20 – 5.0 100 – 5.0 100 mV Output Source Current (VID = +1.0 V, VCC = 15 V) IO + TA = 25°C TA = Thigh to Tlow(1) Output Sink Current (VID = –1.0 V, VCC = 15 V) TA = 25°C TA = Thigh to Tlow(1) (VID = –1.0 V, VO = 200 mV, TA = 25°C) IO – Output Short Circuit to Ground(3) ISC Power Supply Current (TA = Thigh to Tlow)(1) VCC = 30 V (26 V for LM2902, V), VO = 0 V, RL = ∞ ICC VCC = 5.0 V, VO = 0 V, RL = ∞ mA 20 40 – 20 40 – 20 40 – 20 40 – 20 40 – 10 20 – 10 20 – 10 20 – 10 20 – 10 20 – 10 20 – 10 20 – 10 20 – 10 20 – 10 20 – 5.0 8.0 – 5.0 8.0 – 5.0 8.0 – 5.0 8.0 – 5.0 8.0 – 12 50 – 12 50 – 12 50 – – – – – – – µA – 40 60 – 40 60 – 40 60 – 40 60 – 40 60 mA mA mA – – 3.0 – 1.4 3.0 – – 3.0 – – 3.0 – – 3.0 – – 1.2 – 0.7 1.2 – – 1.2 – – 1.2 – – 1.2 NOTES: 1. Tlow = –25°C for LM224 Thigh = +85°C for LM224 = 0°C for LM324, A = +70°C for LM324, A = –40°C for LM2902 = +105°C for LM2902 = –40°C for LM2902V = +125°C for LM2902V 2. The input common mode voltage or either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 V. The upper end of the common mode voltage range is VCC –1.7 V. Representative Circuit Diagram (One–Fourth of Circuit Shown) Output Bias Circuitry Common to Four Amplifiers VCC Q15 Q16 Q22 Q14 Q13 40 k Q19 5.0 pF Q12 Q24 25 Q23 + Q20 Q18 Inputs Q11 Q9 – Q21 Q17 Q6 Q2 Q25 Q7 Q5 Q1 Q8 Q3 Q4 Q26 2.4 k Q10 2.0 k VEE/Gnd MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 3 LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Large Signal Voltage Follower Response VCC = 15 Vdc RL = 2.0 kΩ TA = 25°C 1.0 V/DIV The LM324 series is made using four internally compensated, two–stage operational amplifiers. The first stage of each consists of differential input devices Q20 and Q18 with input buffer transistors Q21 and Q17 and the differential to single ended converter Q3 and Q4. The first stage performs not only the first stage gain function but also performs the level shifting and transconductance reduction functions. By reducing the transconductance, a smaller compensation capacitor (only 5.0 pF) can be employed, thus saving chip area. The transconductance reduction is accomplished by splitting the collectors of Q20 and Q18. Another feature of this input stage is that the input common mode range can include the negative supply or ground, in single supply operation, without saturating either the input devices or the differential to single–ended converter. The second stage consists of a standard current source load amplifier stage. 5.0 µs/DIV Each amplifier is biased from an internal–voltage regulator which has a low temperature coefficient thus giving each amplifier good temperature characteristics as well as excellent power supply rejection. Single Supply Split Supplies 3.0 V to VCC(max) VCC VCC 1 1 1.5 V to VCC(max) 2 2 3 3 4 4 1.5 V to VEE(max) VEE VEE/Gnd 4 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V Figure 1. Input Voltage Range Figure 2. Open Loop Frequency 20 120 A VOL, LARGE–SIGNAL OPEN LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) ± V , INPUT VOLTAGE (V) I 18 16 14 12 10 Negative 8.0 Positive 6.0 4.0 2.0 0 80 60 40 20 0 –20 0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20 1.0 10 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k 1.0 M ± VCC/VEE, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGES (V) f, FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 3. Large–Signal Frequency Response Figure 4. Small–Signal Voltage Follower Pulse Response (Noninverting) 14 550 RL = 2.0 kΩ VCC = 15 V VEE = Gnd Gain = –100 RI = 1.0 kΩ RF = 100 kΩ 12 10 8.0 VO , OUTPUT VOLTAGE (mV) VOR , OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE (V pp ) VCC = 15 V VEE = Gnd TA = 25°C 100 6.0 4.0 2.0 500 Input 450 Output 400 350 300 250 VCC = 30 V VEE = Gnd TA = 25°C CL = 50 pF 200 0 1.0 10 100 0 1000 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 f, FREQUENCY (kHz) t, TIME (µs) Figure 5. Power Supply Current versus Power Supply Voltage Figure 6. Input Bias Current versus Power Supply Voltage 8.0 R TA = 25°C RL = 2.1 1.8 I IB , INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA) ICC , POWER SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 2.4 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0 0 5.0 10 15 20 25 VCC, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 30 35 90 80 70 0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 VCC, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 18 20 5 LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V Figure 7. Voltage Reference Figure 8. Wien Bridge Oscillator 50 k R1 VCC VCC R2 5.0 k – 10 k 1/4 MC1403 2.5 V VCC – Vref VO LM324 + 1/4 VO LM324 + 1 fo = 2 π RC 1 Vref = VCC 2 VO = 2.5 V 1+ R1 R2 R Figure 9. High Impedance Differential Amplifier 1 CR + e1 1/4 R C C Figure 10. Comparator with Hysteresis R2 R LM324 – Hysteresis – a R1 R1 R1 1/4 eo LM324 + b R1 1/4 VOH VO Vref + Vin LM324 – 1/4 1 CR – e2 For: fo = 1.0 kHz R = 16 kΩ C = 0.01 µF VO VOL VinL R1 (V – V ) + Vref VinL = R1 + R2 OL ref LM324 + R VinH Vref R1 (V – V ) + Vref VinH = R1 + R2 OH ref eo = C (1 + a + b) (e2 – e1) H= R1 (V – V ) R1 + R2 OH OL Figure 11. Bi–Quad Filter R R Vin C1 R2 – 100 k C R 1/4 – 100 k 1/4 – LM324 + 1/4 LM324 + Vref Bandpass Output Vref R3 Vref R1 – Vref 1 Vref = VCC 2 C1 = 10C For: For: For: For: fo = 1.0 kHz Q = 10 TBP = 1 TN = 1 C1 1/4 LM324 + 6 R1 = QR R1 R2 = TBP R3 = TN R2 C LM324 + R2 1 fo = 2 π RC Notch Output Where: TBP = Center Frequency Gain Where: TN = Passband Notch Gain R C R1 R2 R3 = 160 kΩ = 0.001 µF = 1.6 MΩ = 1.6 MΩ = 1.6 MΩ MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V Figure 12. Function Generator 1 Vref = VCC 2 Vref Triangle Wave Output + R2 LM324 – C Vin + R1 C R3 – LM324 – R1 100 k Vref Square Wave Output R1 + RC 4 CRf R1 if R3 = R2 R1 R2 + R1 VO LM324 + R2 Vref Rf f = CO 1/4 1/4 75 k C VCC 300 k R3 1/4 Figure 13. Multiple Feedback Bandpass Filter CO = 10 C 1 Vref = 2 VCC Given: fo = center frequency A(fo) = gain at center frequency Choose value fo, C Then: R3 = Q π fo C R1 = R3 2 A(fo) R2 = R1 R3 4Q2 R1 – R3 For less than 10% error from operational amplifier, Qo fo BW < 0.1 where fo and BW are expressed in Hz. If source impedance varies, filter may be preceded with voltage follower buffer to stabilize filter parameters. MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 7 LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V OUTLINE DIMENSIONS N SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 646–06 (LM224, LM324, LM2902 Only) ISSUE L 14 NOTES: 1. LEADS WITHIN 0.13 (0.005) RADIUS OF TRUE POSITION AT SEATING PLANE AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. 2. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS WHEN FORMED PARALLEL. 3. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. 4. ROUNDED CORNERS OPTIONAL. 8 B 1 7 A F DIM A B C D F G H J K L M N L C J N H G D SEATING PLANE K M D SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 751A–03 (SO–14) ISSUE F 8 –B– 1 P 7 PL 0.25 (0.010) 7 G M F –T– D 14 PL 0.25 (0.010) M K M T B S M R X 45 _ C SEATING PLANE B A S MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 18.16 19.56 6.10 6.60 3.69 4.69 0.38 0.53 1.02 1.78 2.54 BSC 1.32 2.41 0.20 0.38 2.92 3.43 7.62 BSC 0_ 10_ 0.39 1.01 NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER. 3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD PROTRUSION. 4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006) PER SIDE. 5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.127 (0.005) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF THE D DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. –A– 14 INCHES MIN MAX 0.715 0.770 0.240 0.260 0.145 0.185 0.015 0.021 0.040 0.070 0.100 BSC 0.052 0.095 0.008 0.015 0.115 0.135 0.300 BSC 0_ 10_ 0.015 0.039 J DIM A B C D F G J K M P R MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 8.55 8.75 3.80 4.00 1.35 1.75 0.35 0.49 0.40 1.25 1.27 BSC 0.19 0.25 0.10 0.25 0_ 7_ 5.80 6.20 0.25 0.50 INCHES MIN MAX 0.337 0.344 0.150 0.157 0.054 0.068 0.014 0.019 0.016 0.049 0.050 BSC 0.008 0.009 0.004 0.009 0_ 7_ 0.228 0.244 0.010 0.019 Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. 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