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• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Ceramic Resonator
(CERALOCK®)
Application Manual
Murata
Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Cat.No.P17E-18
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
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Introduction
Ceramic resonators (CERALOCK®) are made of high
stability piezoelectric ceramics that function as a
mechanical resonator.
This device has been developed to function as a
reference signal generator and the frequency is
primarily adjusted by the size and thickness of the
ceramic element.
With the advance of the IC technology, various
equipment may be controlled by a single LSI integrated
circuit, such as the one-chip microprocessor.
CERALOCK® can be used as the timing element in most
microprocessor based equipment.
In the future, more and more applications will use
CERALOCK® because of its high stability nonadjustment performance, miniature size and cost
savings. Typical applications include TVs, VCRs,
automotive electronic devices, telephones, copiers,
cameras, voice synthesizers, communication equipment,
remote controls and toys.
This manual describes CERALOCK® and will assist you
in applying it effectively.
* CERALOCK® is the brand name of these MURATA
products.
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
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• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
1 Characteristics and Types of CERALOCK® — 02
CONTENTS
1. General Characteristics of CERALOCK® ................................... 02
2. Types of CERALOCK® ................................................................. 03
MHz Band lead CERALOCK®
(CSTLS Series) ............................................................................. 03
MHz Band Chip CERALOCK®
(CSACW/CSTCC/CSTCR/CSTCE/CSTCW Series) ..................... 04
2 Principles of CERALOCK®
————————————— 6
1. Equivalent Circuit Constants........................................................ 6
2. Basic Oscillation Circuits ............................................................. 9
3 Specifications of CERALOCK®
—————————— 12
1. Electrical Specifications ............................................................. 12
Electrical Specifications of MHz Band Lead CERALOCK®
(CSTLS Series) ............................................................................. 12
Electrical Specifications of MHz Band Chip CERALOCK®
(CSACW Series) (CSTCC/CSTCR/CSTCE/CSTCW Series) ........ 14
2. Mechanical and Environmental
Specifications of CERALOCK® ................................................... 15
4 Applications of Typical Oscillation Circuits — 17
1. Cautions for Designing Oscillation Circuits ............................. 17
2. Application to Various Oscillation Circuits ............................... 18
Application to C-MOS Inverter ....................................................... 18
Application to H-CMOS Inverter .................................................... 19
5 Characteristics of
CERALOCK® Oscillation Circuits ———————— 20
1. Stability of Oscillation Frequency .............................................. 20
2. Characteristics of the Oscillation Level .................................... 21
3. Characteristics of Oscillation Rise Time ................................... 22
4. Starting Voltage ........................................................................... 23
6 Application Circuits to Various ICs/LSIs
—— 24
1. Application to Microcomputers .................................................. 24
2. Application to Remote Control ICs ............................................ 27
3. Application to ICs for Office Equipment .................................... 27
4. Other Kinds of Applications to Various ICs .............................. 27
7 Notice
8
Appendix
———————————————————————————— 28
Equivalent Circuit Constants of
CERALOCK® ————————————————— 29
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
1
Characteristics and
Types of CERALOCK®
2
Principles of CERALOCK®
3
Specifications of
CERALOCK®
4
Applications of
Typical Oscillation Circuits
5
Characteristics of
CERALOCK® Oscillation Circuits
6
Application Circuits to
Various ICs/LSIs
7
Notice
8
Appendix
Equivalent Circuit
Constants of CERALOCK®
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• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
1 Characteristics and Types of CERALOCK®
1. General Characteristics of CERALOCK®
1
Ceramic resonators use the mechanical resonance of
piezoelectric ceramics. (Generally, lead zirconium
titanate: PZT.)
The oscillation mode varies with resonant frequency.
The table on the right shows this relationship.
As a resonator device, quartz crystal is well-known. RC
oscillation circuits and LC oscillation circuits are also
used to produce electrical resonance. The following are
the characteristics of CERALOCK®.
① High stability of oscillation frequency:
Oscillation frequency stability is between that of
the quartz crystal and LC or RC oscillation circuits.
The temperature coefficient of quartz crystal is
10–6/°C maximum and approximately 10–3 to 10–4/°C
for LC or RC oscillation circuits. For comparison
these, it is 10–5/°C at –20 to +80°C for ceramic
resonators.
② Small configuration and light weight:
The ceramic resonator is half the size of popular
quartz crystals.
③ Low price, non-adjustment:
CERALOCK® is mass produced, resulting in low
cost and high stability.
Unlike RC or LC circuits, ceramic resonators use
mechanical resonance. This means it is not
basically affected by external circuits or by the
fluctuation of the supply voltage.
Highly stable oscillation circuits can therefore be
made without the need of adjustment.
The table briefly describes the characteristics of various
oscillator elements.
■ Vibration Mode and Frequency Range
Frequency (Hz)
Vibration Mode
10k
100k
1M
10M 100M
1G
1
Flexural
mode
2
Length
mode
3
Area
expansion
mode
4
Radius
vibration
5
Shear
thickness
mode
6
Thickness
expansion
mode
7
Surface
acoustic
wave
[Note] : ←̶→ show the direction of vibration
■ Characteristics of Various Oscillator Elements
Name
Symbol
Price
Size
Oscillation
Adjust- Frequency Long-term
Initial
Stability
ment
Tolerance
LC
lower
cost
Big
Required
±2.0%
Fair
CR
lower
cost
Small
Required
±2.0%
Fair
Quartz
Crystal
Ceramic
Resonator
2
1k
Expensive
Inexpensive
Big
Small
Not
±0.001%
required
Excellent
Not
required
Excellent
±0.5%
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• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Characteristics and Types of CERALOCK®
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
1
2. Types of CERALOCK®
■ Part Numbers and Dimensions of lead CERALOCK®
(CSTLS Series)
Part Number
Frequency
1
Dimensions (in mm)
8.0
G
5.5
CSTLS
3.40–10.00MHz
3.5
As CSTLS series does not require externally mounted
capacitors, the number of components can be reduced,
allowing circuits to be made more compact.
The table shows the frequency range and appearance of
the three-terminal CERALOCK® with built-in load
capacitance.
3.0
MHz Band lead CERALOCK® (CSTLS Series)
2.5 2
.5
Numbering
5.5
3.0
■ Part
T
LS
4M00
G
5
3
❶
❷
❸
❹
❺
❻
❼
-A0
❽
❾
❶ Product ID
❷ Frequency/Built-in Capacitance
❸ Structure/Size
LS: Round Lead Type
❹ Nominal Center Frequency
❺ Type
G: Thickness Shear vibration,
X: Thickness Longitudinal Vibration (3rd overtone)
❻ Frequency Tolerance
1: ±0.1%, 2: ±0.2%, 3: ±0.3%, 5: ±0.5%, D: DTMF,
Z: Others
❼ Built-in Load capacitance
1: 5pF, 3: 15pF, 4: 22pF, 5: 30pF, 6: 47pF
❽ Individual Specification
With standard products, " ❽ Individual Specification" is
omitted, and " ❾ Package Specification Code" is carried up.
❾ Packaging
–B0: Bulk,
–A0: Radial Taping H0=18mm Ammo Pack (Standard)
CSTLS
X
6.5
CS
16.00–70.00MHz
3.5
(Ex.)
2.5 2.5
∗ 16.00−32.99MHz : 3.5
3
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• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
1
Characteristics and Types of CERALOCK®
■ Part
(Ex.)
Numbering
CS
T
CR
4M00
G
5
3
❶
❷
❸
❹
❺
❻
❼
-R0
❽
❾
❶ Product ID
❷ Frequency/No capacitance built-in
A: No Capacitance Built-in, T: Built-in Capacitance
❸ Structure/Size
CC/CR/CE: Cap Chip Type, CW: Monolithic Chip Type
❹ Nominal Center Frequency
❺ Type
G: Thickness Shear Vibration,
V: Thickness Longitudinal Vibration,
X: Thickness Longitudinal Vibration (3rd overtone)
❻ Frequency Tolerance
1: ±0.1%, 2: ±0.2%, 3: ±0.3%, 5: ±0.5%, Z: Others
❼ Load Capacitance Value
(In case of CSACW, value is for external capacitance of
standard circuit)
1: 5pF or 6pF, 2 : 10pF, 3: 15pF, 5: 33pF or 39pF,
6: 47pF
❽ Individual Specification
With standard products, " ❽ Individual Specification" is
omitted, and " ❾ Package Specification Code" is carried up.
❾ Packaging
–B0: Bulk,
–R0: Plastic Taping φ180mm Reel Package
4
CERALOCK® (CSACW Series)
Frequency (MHz)
Dimensions
Standard Land Pattern (in mm)
2.5
1.0
2.
0
Part Number
0.5
X
20.01–70.00
0.5
2.0±0.2
CSACW
0.8
0.3
1
The MHz band Chip CERALOCK® has a wide frequency
range and small footprint to meet further downsizing
and high-density mounting requirements.
The table shows the dimensions and two-terminals
standard land patterns of the CERALOCK® CSACW
series.
The second table shows the dimensions and threeterminals standard land patterns of CSTCC/CSTCR/
CSTCE/CSTCW series chip resonator (built-in load
capacitance type.) The carrier tape dimensions of
CSTCR series are shown on the next page.
■ Dimensions and Standard Land Pattern of Chip
0.8
0.3
MHz Band Chip CERALOCK® (CSACW/CSTCC/
CSTCR/CSTCE/CSTCW Series)
∗1 Thickness varies with frequency.
2.0
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
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• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
1
Characteristics and Types of CERALOCK®
CERALOCK® (CSTCC/CSTCR/CSTCE/CSTCW Series)
Dimensions
Standard Land Pattern (in mm)
0
3.
1
2.5
.0.1
ø1.500
2.2±0.1
The cover film peel strength force 0.1 to 0.7N
The cover film peel speed 300mm/min.
Cover Film
10˚
2.5
(3˚)
5.5±0.05
12.0±0.2
(1.85 max.)
4.0±0.1
1.25±0.05
1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2
4.7±0.1
2.00–3.99
.0.1
ø1.5 00
2.0±0.05
0.3±0.05
1.8
G*2
4.0±0.1
7.2
3.8~4.4
CSTCC
CSTCR Series
(3) (2) (1)
Frequency (MHz)
(9.5)
Part Number
■Dimensions of Carrier Tape for Chip CERALOCK®
1.75±0.1
■ Dimensions and Standard Land Pattern of Chip
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
1.2
2.
0
4.5
Direction of Feed
(in mm)
0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8
G*2
4.00–7.99
2.6
1.6
CSTCR
0.4
1.5
3
0.4
3.2
0.8
1.
0.4
1.5
0.4 0.8 0.4 0.8
G*2
0.4
8.00–13.99
1.90 ~ 2.10
CSTCE
1.2
3
3.2
1.0
1.
1.2
0.3 0.65 0.3 0.65 0.3
V*2
14.00–20.00
1.6
CSTCE
0.95
0.95
1.0
2.
0
2.5
20.01–70.00
2.00±0.2
X*2
0.8
0.3
CSTCW
0.8
0.3
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
1.0
1.0
∗1 Thickness varies with frequency.
∗2 Conformal coating or washing of the components is not acceptable
because they are not hermetically sealed.
5
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P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
2 Principles of CERALOCK®
1. Equivalent Circuit Constants
2
Fig. 2-1 shows the symbol for a ceramic resonator. The
impedance and phase characteristics measured between
the terminals are shown in Fig. 2-2. This illustrates that
the resonator becomes inductive in the frequency zone
between the frequency Fr (resonant frequency), which
provides the minimum impedance, and the frequency Fa
(anti-resonant frequency), which provides the maximum
impedance.
It becomes capacitive in other frequency zones. This
means that the mechanical vibration of a two-terminal
resonator can be replaced equivalently with a
combination of series and parallel resonant circuits
consisting of an inductor : L, a capacitor : C, and a
resistor : R. In the vicinity of the specific frequency
(Refer to Note 1 on page 8), the equivalent circuit can be
expressed as shown in Fig. 2-3.
Fr and Fa frequencies are determined by the
piezoelectric ceramic material and the physical
parameters. The equivalent circuit constants can be
determined from the following formulas. (Refer to Note
2 on page 8)
Fr=1/2π
L1C1
Fa=1/2π L1C1C0/(C1+C0)=Fr 1+C1/C0
Qm=1/2πFrC1R1
(2-1)
(2-2)
Symbol
Impedance between Two Terminals Z=R+jx
(R : Real Component, X : Impedance Component)
Phase φ =tan-1X/R
Fig. 2-1 Symbol for the Two-Terminal CERALOCK®
105
104
103
102
10
Fr
Fa
Frequency (kHz)
90
0
(2-3)
(Qm : Mechanical Q)
Considering the limited frequency range of Fr≦F≦Fa,
the impedance is given as Z=Re+jω Le (Le≧0) as shown
in Fig. 2-4, and CERALOCK® should work as an
inductance Le (H) having the loss Re (Ω).
-90
Fig. 2-2 Impedance and Phase Characteristics of CERALOCK®
L1
C1
R1
C0
R1 : Equivalent Resistance
L1 : Equivalent Inductance
C1 : Equivalent Capacitance
C0 : Parallel Equivalent Capacitance
Fig. 2-3 Electrical Equivalent Circuit of CERALOCK®
Re
Le
Re : Effective Resistance
Le : Effective Inductance
Fig. 2-4 Equivalent Circuit of CERALOCK®
in the Frequency Band Fr≦F≦Fa
6
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• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Principles of CERALOCK®
The table on this page shows a comparison of the
equivalent constants between CERALOCK® and a
quartz crystal oscillator.
In comparison, there is a large difference in capacitance
and Qm, which results in the difference of oscillating
conditions, when actually operated.
The table in the appendix shows the standard values of
an equivalent circuit constant for each type of
CERALOCK®. Furthermore, other higher harmonic
modes exist, other than the desired oscillation mode.
These other oscillation modes exist because the ceramic
resonator uses mechanical resonance.
Fig. 2-5 shows those characteristics.
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
2
CSTLS4M00G53–B0
1M
Main Vibration
100k
10k
3rd Vibration
2
1k
100
10
1
0
10
20
30
40
Frequency (MHz)
Fig. 2-5 Spurious Characteristics of CERALOCK®
■ Comparison of Equivalent Circuits of CERALOCK® and Crystal Oscillator
Resonator
Oscillation Frequency
2.00MHz
CERALOCK
®
Crystal
4.00MHz
C0 (pF)
R1 (Ω)
1.71×10
3
C1 (pF)
4.0
20.8
43.9
475
177.2
0.46×10
3
3.8
19.8
9.0
1220
350.9
3
3.5
19.9
641.6
L1 (μH)
8.00MHz
0.13×10
2.457MHz
7.20×105
0.005
2.39
4.00MHz
2.10×10
5
0.007
8.00MHz
1.80×105
0.002
Qm
dF (kHz)
8.0
775
37.0
298869
3
2.39
22.1
240986
6
4.48
154.7
59600
2
7
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• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
2
Principles of CERALOCK®
2
Notes
(Note 1)
The relationship between the size of the resonator
and the resonant frequency is described as follows.
For example, the frequency doubles if the thickness
doubles, when thickness vibration is used.
The following relationship is obtained when the
length of the resonators is ℓ, the resonance
frequency is Fr, the speed of sound waves travelling
through piezoelectric ceramics, and the wavelength
is λ.
Fr. ℓ = Const.
(frequency constant, Fr.t for the thickness)
λ=2ℓ
C = Fr.λ = 2Fr. ℓ
As seen in the above formula, the frequency
constant determines the size of the resonator.
(Note 2)
In Fig. 2-3, when resistance R1 is omitted for
simplification, the impedance Z (ω) between two
terminals is expressed by the following formula.
1 ( jωL1+ 1 )
jωC0
jωC1
Z (ω) =
1 + ( jωL1+ 1 )
jωC0
jωC1
=
j ( ωL1 –
1 + C0 – ω2 C0L1
C1
When ω =
1 = ωr, Z (ωr) =0
L1C1
When ω =
1
= ωa, Z (ωa) = ∞
C0C1L1/(C0+C1)
Therefore from ω =2πF,
Fr = ωr/2π =
2π
Fa = ωa/2π =
Amplitude
Range of
Standing
Wave
1 )
ωC1
2π
1
L1C1
1
= Fr
C0C1L1/(C0+C1)
L1
C1
(Min.Amplitude) (Max.Amplitude)
C0
Fig. Ⅰ
8
Fig. Ⅱ
1+ C1
C0
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
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• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Principles of CERALOCK®
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
2
2. Basic Oscillation Circuits
Generally, basic oscillation circuits can be grouped into
the following 3 categories.
① Use of positive feedback
② Use of negative resistance element
③ Use of delay in transfer time or phase
In the case of ceramic resonators, quartz crystal
oscillators, and LC oscillators, positive feedback is the
circuit of choice.
Among the positive feedback oscillation circuit using an
LC, the tuning type anti-coupling oscillation circuit,
Colpitts and Hartley circuits are typically used.
See Fig. 2-6.
In Fig. 2-6, a transistor, which is the most basic
amplifier, is used.
The oscillation frequencies are approximately the same
as the resonance frequency of the circuit consisting of L,
CL1 and CL2 in the Colpitts circuit or consisting of L1
and L2 in the Hartley circuit. These frequencies can be
represented by the following formulas. (Refer to Note 3
on page 11.)
(Colpitts Circuit)
1
fosc. =
CL1 · CL2
CL1 + CL2
(Hartley Circuit)
1
fosc. =
CL1
L2
L1
CL2
2
L
C
Colpitts Circuit
Hartley Circuit
Fig. 2-6 Basic Configuration of LC Oscillation Circuit
Amplifier
1
Feedback Circuit
Feedback Ratio :
Phase Shift : 2
(2-4)
Oscillation Conditions
Loop Gain G=α · β ≧ 1
Phase Shift θ = θ 1+ θ 2=360°×n
Fig. 2-7 Principle of Oscillation
(2-5)
In an LC network, the inductor is replaced by a ceramic
resonator, taking advantage of the fact that the
resonator becomes inductive between resonant and antiresonant frequencies.
This is most commonly used in the Colpitts circuit.
The operating principle of these oscillation circuits can
be seen in Fig. 2-7. Oscillation occurs when the
following conditions are satisfied.
Loop Gain G = α・β ≧ 1
Phase Amount
(2-6)
θ = θ 1 + θ 2 = 360°×n (n = 1, 2,…)
In Colpitts circuit, an inverter of θ 1 = 180° is used, and
it is inverted more than θ 2 = 180° with L and C in the
feedback circuit. The operation with a ceramic resonator
can be considered the same.
9
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2
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
Principles of CERALOCK®
It is common and simple to utilize an inverter for the
Colpitts circuit with CERALOCK®.
Fig. 2-8 shows the basic oscillation circuit with inverter.
In an open loop circuit by cutting at point Ⓐ , it is
possible to measure loop gain G and phase shift θ .
Fig. 2-9 shows the actual measuring circuit, and an
example of the measuring result is shown in Fig. 2-10.
Rf
A
CERALOCK®
2
CL1
CL2
Fig. 2-8 Basic Oscillation Circuit with Inverters
IC
CERALOCK®
Rf
Vector
Volt
Meter
C2 C1
Vin
S.S.G
Loop Gain : G= α · β
Phase Shift : θ 1+ θ 2
Fig. 2-9 Measuring Circuit Network of Loop Gain and Phase Shift
40
180
30
Phase
(Oscillation)
90
Gain
10
0
0
Phase (deg.)
Loop Gain (dB)
20
-10
-20
CERALOCK®
CSTLS4M00G53–B0
VDD=+5V
CL1=CL2=15pF
IC : TC4069UBP (TOSHIBA)
-90
-30
-40
3.80
3.90
4.00
4.10
4.20
-180
Frequency (MHz)
40
180
90
(No Oscillation)
0
0
Phase (deg.)
Loop Gain (dB)
Phase
Gain
-90
-40
3.80
3.90
4.00
4.10
4.20
-180
CERALOCK®
CSTLS4M00G53–B0
VDD=+2V
CL1=CL2=15pF
IC : TC4069UBP (TOSHIBA)
Frequency (MHz)
Fig. 2-10 Measured Results of Loop Gain and Phase Shift
10
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• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Principles of CERALOCK®
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
2
2
Notes
(Note 3)
Fig.Ⅲ shows the equivalent circuit of an emitter
grounding type transistor circuit. In the figure, Ri
stands for input impedance, R0 stands for output
impedance and ß stands for current amplification
rate.
When the oscillation circuit in Fig.2-6 is expressed
by using the equivalent circuit in Fig.Ⅲ, it becomes
like Fig. Ⅳ. Z1, Z2 and Z are as shown in the table
for each Hartley type and Colpitts type circuit.
The following 3 formulas are obtained based on
Fig.Ⅳ.
R0
R
1
+
Z
R0
R
R0
2
1
3
1
+
Z2
Z1
Hartley Type
Colpitts Type
Z1
jωL1
1 / jωCL1
Z2
jωL2
1 / jωCL2
Z
1 / jωC
jωL
Fig. Ⅳ Hartley/Colpitts Type LC Oscillation Circuits
β R0i1+(R0+Z2) i2–Z2i3=0 …………………… (1)
Z1i1+Z2i2–(Z2+Z+Z1) i3=0 …………………… (2)
(Z1+Ri) i1–Z1i3=0
Then, as Z1, Z2 and Z are all imaginary numbers,
the following conditional formula is obtained by
dividing the formula (4) into the real number part
and the imaginary number part.
Formula (5) represents the phase condition and
formula (6) represents the power condition.
Oscillation frequency can be obtained by applying
the elements shown in the aforementioned table to
Z1,Z2 and Z solving it for angular frequency ω .
(Hartley Type)
1
L1 · L2
(L1L2) C{1+
}
(L1 + L2) CR R0
Fig. Ⅲ
1
2
βR0Z1Z2=(Z1+Ri)Z2 –{Z1(Z2+Z)+
R0Z1Z2=(Z2+Z+Z1)Ri}(Z2+R0) ………… (4)
(Imaginary number part)
Z1Z2Z+(Z1+Z2+Z)RiR0=0 ………… (5)
(Real number part)
βR0Z1Z2+Z1(Z+Z2)R0+
Z2(Z+Z1)Ri=0 ………………… (6)
R0
1
As i1 ≠ 0, i2 ≠ 0, i3 ≠ 0 are required for continuous
oscillation, the following conditional formula can be
performed by solving the formulas of (1), (2) and (3)
on the current.
…………………………… (3)
………… (7)
(Colpitts Type)
1
L
· {1+
}
(CL1+CL2) R R0
L1·CL2
C
L
CL1+CL2
………… (8)
In either circuit, the term in brackets will be 1 as
long as Ri and R0 is large enough. Therefore
oscillation frequency can be obtained by the
following formula.
1
(Hartley Type) fosc. =
…… (9)
1
(Colpitts Type) fosc. =
C
L1· CL2
…
(10)
CL1+CL2
11
Note • Please read rating and CAUTION (for storage, operating, rating, soldering, mounting and handling) in this catalog to prevent smoking and/or burning, etc.
• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
3 Specifications of CERALOCK®
1. Electrical Specifications
3
The frequency stability of CERALOCK® is between that
of crystal and LC or RC oscillators. Temperature
stability is ±0.3 to ±0.5% against initial values within
-20 to +80°C. The initial frequency precision is
±0.5% for standard products. The frequency of the
standard CERALOCK® is adjusted by the standard
measuring circuit, but the oscillation frequency may
shift when used in the actual IC circuit. Usually, if the
frequency precision needed for clock signal of a 1 chip
microcomputer is approximately ±2 to 3% under
working conditions, CERALOCK® standard type can be
used in most cases. If exact oscillation frequency is
required for a special purpose, Murata can manufacture
the ceramic resonator for the desired frequency.
The following are the general electrical specifications of
CERALOCK®. (As for the standard measuring circuit of
oscillation frequency, please refer to the next chapter
“Application to Typical Oscillation Circuits”.)
Electrical Specifications of MHz Band Lead
CERALOCK® (CSTLS Series)
Electrical specifications of CSTLS series are shown in
the tables. Please note that oscillation frequency
measuring circuit constants of the CSTLS □G56 series
(with H-CMOS IC) depends on frequency.
■Resonant Impedance Specifications of
CSTLS/ Series
Type
CSTLS□G
CSTLS □X
MHz band three-terminal CERALOCK® (CSTLS Series)
is built-in load capacitance.
Fig. 3-1 shows the electrical equivalent circuit.
The table shows the general specifications of the CSTLS
series. Input and output terminals of the three-terminal
CERALOCK® are shown in the table titled Dimensions
of CERALOCK® CSTLS series in Chapter 1 on page 6.
But connecting reverse, the oscillating characteristics
are not affected except that the frequency has a slight
lag.
12
Frequency Range (MHz) Resonant Impedance (Ω max.)
13.40 — 03.99
150
14.00 — 07.99
130
18.00 — 10.00
125
16.00 — 32.99
150
33.00 — 50.00
140
CSTLS Series
Fig. 3-1 Symbol for the Three-Terminal CERALOCK®
Note • Please read rating and CAUTION (for storage, operating, rating, soldering, mounting and handling) in this catalog to prevent smoking and/or burning, etc.
• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Specifications of CERALOCK®
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
3
■ General Specifications CSTLS Series
Item
Part Number
Frequency
Range
(MHz)
Initial Tolerance Temperature Stability
of Oscillation
of Oscillation
Frequency
Frequency
(-20 to +80°C)
Oscillating
Frequency
Aging
Standard Circuit for
Oscillation Frequency
VDD
CSTLS□G53/56
03.40—10.00
±0.5%
±0.2%*1
±0.2%
IC
IC
Output
X
Rd
(1)
CSTLS□X
16.00—50.00
±0.5%
±0.2%
(3)
±0.2%
C1
C2
(2)
IC : TC4069UBP*3
VDD : +5V
X : CERALOCK®
Rd : 680Ω*4
3
∗1 This value varies for built-in Capacitance
∗2 If connected conversely, a slight frequency lag may occur.
∗3 G56/X series : TC74HCU04(TOSHIBA)
∗4 This resistance value applies to the CSTLS□G56 series.
13
Note • Please read rating and CAUTION (for storage, operating, rating, soldering, mounting and handling) in this catalog to prevent smoking and/or burning, etc.
• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
3
Specifications of CERALOCK®
Electrical Specifications of MHz Band Chip
CERALOCK® (CSACW Series) (CSTCC/CSTCR/
CSTCE/CSTCW Series)
■Resonant Impedance of CSTCC/CSTCR/CSTCE/
CST(A)CW Series
Type
General specifications of chip CERALOCK® (CSACW
series)and (CSTCC/CSTCR/CSTCE/CSTCW series) are
shown in the tables respectively.
CSTCC□G
CSTCR□G
CSTCE□G
CSTCE□V
3
CSACW□X/CSTCW□X
Frequency Range (MHz) Resonant Impedance (Ω max.)
02.00—02.99
80
03.00—03.99
50
04.00—05.99
60
06.00—07.99
50
08.00—10.00
40
10.01—13.99
30
14.00—20.00
40
20.01—24.99
80
25.00—29.99
60
30.00—60.00
50
60.01—70.00
60
■General Specifications of CSACW Series
Item
Part Number
Frequency Range
(MHz)
Initial Tolerance
of Oscillation
Frequency
Temperature Stability of
Oscillation Frequency
(-20 to +80°C)
Oscillating
Frequency Aging
Standard Circuit for
Oscillation Frequency
VDD
IC
IC
CSACW□ X53
20.01—24.99
±0.5%
±0.2%
Output
±0.1%
X
CL1
CSACW□ X51
25.00—70.00
±0.5%
±0.2%
CL2
±0.1%
IC : TC74HCU04*(TOSHIBA)
VDD : +5V
X : Chip CERALOCK®
CL1, CL2 : This value varies for frequency.
Standard Circuit for
Oscillation Frequency
∗ X51 Series (60.01—70.00MHz); SN74AHCU04
■General Specifications of CSTCC/CSTCR/CSTCE/CSTCW Series
Item
Part Number
CSTCC□G
Frequency Range
(MHz)
2.00—03.99
Initial Tolerance
of Oscillation
Frequency
Temperature Stability of
Oscillation Frequency
(-20 to +80°C)
Oscillating
Frequency Aging
±0.5%
±0.3%*3
±0.3%
VDD
IC
IC
Output
CSTCR□G
4.00—07.99
±0.5%
±0.2%
±0.1%
*2
X
CSTCE□G
8.00—13.99
±0.5%
±0.2%
±0.1%
(1)
(3)
C1
CSTCE□V
CSTCW□X
14.00—20.00
20.01—70.00
±0.5%
±0.5%
±0.3%
±0.2%
∗1 V, X Series; TC74HCU04(TOSHIBA), X Series (50.00—70.00MHz); SN74AHCU04(TI)
∗2 If connected in the wrong direction, the above specification may not be guaranteed.
∗3 This value varies for built-in Capacitance and Frequency.
14
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
C2
(2)
±0.3%
±0.1%
IC : TC4069UBP*1(TOSHIBA)
VDD : +5V
X : Chip CERALOCK®
Note • Please read rating and CAUTION (for storage, operating, rating, soldering, mounting and handling) in this catalog to prevent smoking and/or burning, etc.
• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Specifications of CERALOCK®
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
3
2. Mechanical and Environmental Specifications of CERALOCK®
The tables show the standard test conditions of mechanical strength and
environmental specifications of CERALOCK®.
Fig. 3-2 shows the changes of oscillation frequency in each test, the table on the
next page shows the criteria after the tests, and Fig. 3-3 shows the reflow
soldering profile.
■ Test Conditions for Standard Reliability of CERALOCK®
Item
Conditions
3
1. Shock Resistance
Measure after dropping from a height of
2. Soldering
Heat Resistance
Lead terminals are immersed up to 2.0 mm from the resonator's body in solder bath of c , and then the resonator shall be
measured after being placed in natural condition for 1 hour.*1
Reflow profile show in Fig. 3-3 of heat stress is applied to the resonator, then the resonator shall be measured after being placed in
natural condition for 1 hour.*2
3. Vibration Resistance
Measure after applying vibration of 10 to 55Hz amplitude of 2 mm to each of 3 directions, X, Y, Z.
4. Humidity Resistance
Keep in a chamber with a temperature of
5. Storage at
High Temperature
Keep in a chamber at 85±2°C for
6. Storage at
Low Temperature
Keep in a chamber at
7. Temperature Cycling
Keep in a chamber at -55°C for 30 minutes. After leaving at room temperature for 15 minutes, keep in a chamber at +85°C for 30
minutes, and then room temperature for 15 minutes. After 10 cycles of the above, measure at room temperature.
8. Terminal Strength
Apply 1 kg of static load vertically to each terminal and measure.
f
°C for
e
a
d
cm to
b
floor surface 3 times.
and humidity of 90 to 95% for
e
hours. Leave for 1 hour before measurement.
hours. Leave for 1 hour before measurement.
e
hours. Leave for 1 hour before measurement.
®
∗1 Applies to CERALOCK Lead Type
∗2 Applies to MHz Band Chip CERALOCK®
1. CSTLS Series
Type
fosc.
a
b
c
d
e
f
G
03.40—10.00MHz
100
concrete
350±10°C
60±2°C
1000
−55±2°C
X
16.00—50.00MHz
100
concrete
350±10°C
60±2°C
1000
−55±2°C
Type
fosc.
a
b
c
d
e
f
X
20.01—50.00MHz
100
wooden plate
—
60±2°C
1000
−55±2°C
2. CSACW Series
3. CSTCC/CSTCR/CSTCE/CSTCW Series
Type
fosc.
a
b
c
d
e
f
G
02.00—13.99MHz
100
wooden plate
—
60±2°C
1000
−55±2°C
V
14.00—20.00MHz
100
wooden plate
—
60±2°C
1000
−55±2°C
X
20.01—70.00MHz
100
wooden plate
—
60±2°C
1000
−55±2°C
15
Note • Please read rating and CAUTION (for storage, operating, rating, soldering, mounting and handling) in this catalog to prevent smoking and/or burning, etc.
• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
3
Specifications of CERALOCK®
(%)
0.1
1. Shock Resistance
(%)
0.1
0.05
0.05
fosc. 0
after test
(%)
0.1
3. Vibration Resistance
(%)
0.1
0.05
fosc. 0
before test
3
2. Solder Heat Resistance
0.05
fosc. 0
before test
after test
fosc. 0
before test
after test
100
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
(%)
0.1
5. Storage at High Temperature
(%)
0.1
6. Storage at Low Temperature
0.05
0.05
100
1000
(%)
0.1
1000
25
-0.05
-0.05
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
(time)
8. Terminal Strength
fosc. 0
(time)
-0.05
1000
0.05
fosc. 0
100
(time)
7. Temperature Cycling
0.05
fosc. 0
fosc. 0
(%)
0.1
4. Humidity Resistance
50
100
(cycle)
before test
after test
-0.05
-0.1
Fig. 3-2 General Changes of Oscillation Frequency in Each Reliability Test (CSTLS4M00G53–B0)
Item
Type
Oscillation Frequency
Other
within±0.2%*
(from initial value)
Meets the individual
specification of each
product.
Every Series
∗ CSTCC Series : within±0.3%
Temperature (°C)
■Deviation after Reliability Test
Peak
260
245
220
Heating
(220°C min.)
180
150
Pre-heating
(150 to 180°C)
60 to 120s
Gradual
Cooling
30 to 60s
Fig. 3-3 Reflow Soldering Profile for MHz Band Chip
CERALOCK®
16
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
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• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
4 Applications of Typical Oscillation Circuits
As described in Chapter 2, the most common oscillation
circuit with CERALOCK® is to replace L of a Colpitts
circuit with CERALOCK®. The design of the circuit
varies with the application and the IC being used, etc.
Although the basic configuration of the circuit is the
same as that of a quartz crystal, the difference in
mechanical Q results in the difference of the circuit
constant.
This chapter briefly describes the characteristics of the
oscillation circuit and gives some typical examples.
1. Cautions for Designing Oscillation Circuits
It is becoming more common to configure the oscillation
circuit with a digital IC, and the simplest way is to use
an inverter gate.
Fig. 4-1 shows the configuration of a basic oscillation
circuit with a C-MOS inverter.
INV. 1 works as an inverter amplifier of the oscillation
circuit. INV. 2 acts to shape the waveform and also acts
as a buffer for the connection of a frequency counter.
The feedback resistance Rf provides negative feedback
around the inverter in order to put it in the linear
region, so the oscillation will start, when power is
applied.
If the value of Rf is too large, and if the insulation
resistance of the input inverter is accidentally
decreased, oscillation will stop due to the loss of loop
gain. Also, if Rf is too great, noise from other circuits
can be introduced into the oscillation circuit.
Obviously, if Rf is too small, loop gain will be low. An Rf
of 1MΩ is generally used with a ceramic resonator.
Damping resistor Rd provides loose coupling between
the inverter and the feedback circuit and decreases the
loading on the inverter, thus saving energy.
In addition, the damping resistor stabilizes the phase of
the feedback circuit and provides a means of reducing
the gain in the high frequency area, thus preventing the
possibility of spurious oscillation.
Load capacitance CL1 and CL2 provide the phase lag of
180°.
The proper selected value depends on the application,
the IC used, and the frequency.
VDD
INV.1
INV.2
IC
4
Output
IC
Rd
X
CL1
CL2
IC : 1/6TC4069UBP(TOSHIBA)
X : CERALOCK®
CL1, CL2 : External Capacitance
Rd : Dumping Resistor
Fig. 4-1 Basic Oscillation Circuit with C-MOS Inverter
17
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• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
4
Application to Typical Oscillation Circuits
Oscillation frequency fosc. in this circuit is expressed
approximately by the following equation.
fosc.=Fr
4
C1
C0+CL
1+
(4-1)
Where, Fr=Resonance frequency of CERALOCK®
Where, C1 : Equivalent series capacitance of
Where, C1 : CERALOCK®
Where, C0 : Equivalent parallel capacitance of
Where, C1 : CERALOCK®
CL1 CL2
Where,
CL=
Where, = L= CL1+CL2
This clearly shows that the oscillation frequency is
influenced by the loading capacitance. Further caution
should be paid in defining its value when a tight
tolerance of oscillation frequency is required.
2. Application to Various Oscillation Circuits
Application to C-MOS Inverter
For the C-MOS inverting amplifier, the one-stage 4069
C-MOS group is best suited.
The C-MOS 4049 type is not used, because the threestage buffer type has excessive gain, which causes RC
oscillation and ringing.
Murata employs the TOSHIBA TC4069UBP as a
C-MOS standard circuit. This circuit is shown in
Fig. 4-2. The oscillation frequency of the standard
CERALOCK® (C-MOS specifications) is adjusted by the
circuit in Fig. 4-2.
VDD
14
IC:TC4069UBP(TOSHIBA)
Item
1
2 3
4
7
Part Number
Rf
CERALOCK®
CSTLS□G53
Rd
Frequency Rage
VDD
3.40—10.00MHz
+5V
Output
CL1
CL2
Fig. 4-2 C-MOS Standard Circuit
18
Circuit Constant
CL1
CL2
(15pF)
(15pF)
Rf
1MΩ
Rd
0
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
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• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Application to Typical Oscillation Circuits
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
4
Application to H-CMOS Inverter
Recently, high-speed C-MOS (H-CMOS) have been used
more frequently for oscillation circuits allowing high
speed and energy saving control for the microprocessor.
There are two types of H-CMOS inverters: the unbuffered 74HCU series and the 74HC series with
buffers.
The 74HCU system is optimum for the CERALOCK®
oscillation circuit.
Fig. 4-3 shows our standard H-CMOS circuit.
Since H-CMOS has high gain, especially in the high
frequency area, greater loading capacitor (CL) and
damping resistor (Rd) should be employed to stabilize
oscillation performance. As a standard circuit, we
recommend Toshiba's TC74CU04, but any 74HCU04
inverter from other manufacturers may be used.
The oscillation frequency for H-CMOS specifications is
adjusted by the circuit in Fig. 4-3.
4
VDD
Item
14
Part Number
CSTLS □ G56
1
2 3
4
Frequency Rage
3.40∼10.00MHz
7
Rf
16.00∼019.99MHz
CERALOCK® Rd
Output
CL1
CL2
20.00∼025.99MHz
∗ 60.01—70.00MHz : SN74AHCU04(TI)
CSTLS □ X
26.00∼032.99MHz
33.00∼050.00MHz
VDD
＋ 5V
＋ 3V
＋ 5V
＋ 5V
＋ 5V
＋ 3V
＋ 5V
＋ 5V
＋ 5V
＋ 5V
＋ 5V
＋ 5V
＋ 5V
＋ 5V
＋ 5V
CL1
（47pF）
（5pF）
（15pF）
（22pF）
（33pF）
（5pF）
（15pF）
（22pF）
（33pF）
（5pF）
（15pF）
（22pF）
（33pF）
（5pF）
（15pF）
Circuit Constant
CL2
Rf
1MΩ
（47pF）
1MΩ
（5pF）
1MΩ
（15pF）
1MΩ
（22pF）
1MΩ
（33pF）
1MΩ
（5pF）
1MΩ
（15pF）
15KΩ
（22pF）
4.7KΩ
（33pF）
1MΩ
（5pF）
15KΩ
（15pF）
4.7KΩ
（22pF）
3.3KΩ
（33pF）
1MΩ
（5pF）
15KΩ
（15pF）
Rd
680Ω
470Ω
220Ω
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Fig. 4-3 H-CMOS Standard Circuit
19
Note • Please read rating and CAUTION (for storage, operating, rating, soldering, mounting and handling) in this catalog to prevent smoking and/or burning, etc.
• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
5 Characteristics of CERALOCK® Oscillation Circuits
This chapter describes the general characteristics of the basic
oscillation of Fig. 4-1 (page17). Contact Murata for detailed
characteristics of oscillation with specific kinds of ICs and LSIs.
1. Stability of Oscillation Frequency
Fig. 5-1 shows examples of actual measurements for stability
of the oscillation frequency.
The stability versus temperature change is ±0.1 to 0.5% within
a range of -20 to +80°C, although it varies slightly depending
on the ceramic material.
Influence of load capacitance (CL1, CL2) on the oscillation
frequency is relatively high, as seen in formula (4-1) (Page18).
It varies approximately ±0.05% for a capacitance deviation of
±10%. The stability versus supply voltage is normally within
±0.05% in the working voltage range, although it varies with
the characteristics of the IC.
Temperature Characteristics
Supply Voltage Characteristics
Oscillating Frequency Shift (%)
+0.50
+0.25
Max.
Min.
0
-40
0
40
80
120
Temperature (℃)
-0.25
-0.50
CL2 (CL1 = Constant) Characteristics
VDD = +5V
CL1 = 6pF Const.
+0.25
0
2
4
6
8
VDD (V)
-0.25
Starting Voltage
-0.50
+0.25
CL1 (CL2 = Constant) Characteristics
+0.50
0
0
1
VDD = +5V
CL2 = 6pF Const.
10
CL2/CL1
Oscillating Frequency Shift (%)
Oscillating Frequency Shift (%)
+0.50
-0.25
-0.50
CL (CL1 = CL2) Characteristics
+0.50
Oscillating Frequency Shift (%)
+0.50
VDD = +5V
Oscillating Frequency Shift (%)
5
VDD = +5V
0
0
1
10
CL1/CL2
-0.25
-0.50
+0.25
0
+0.25
0
1
10
100
CL (pF)
-0.25
-0.50
Fig. 5-1 Examples of Actual Measurement for the Stability of Oscillation Frequency (IC: TC74HCU04 (TOSHIBA), CERALOCK®: CSACW33M8X51–B0)
20
Note • Please read rating and CAUTION (for storage, operating, rating, soldering, mounting and handling) in this catalog to prevent smoking and/or burning, etc.
• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Characteristics of CERALOCK® Oscillation Circuits
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
5
2. Characteristics of the Oscillation Level
Fig. 5-2 shows examples of actual measurements of the
oscillation level versus temperature, supply voltage and
load capacitance (CL1, CL2). The oscillating amplitude is
required to be stable over a wide temperature range,
and temperature characteristics should be as flat as
possible. The graph titled Supply Voltage
Characteristics in Fig. 5-2 shows that the amplitude
varies linearly with supply voltage, unless the IC has an
internal power supply voltage regulator.
Temperature Characteristics of Oscillating Voltage
V1H
4
3
2
1
V1L
0
-40
0
40
80
-1
+9.0
V2H
+8.0
Oscillating Level (V)
5
Oscillating Level (V)
Oscillating Voltage vs VDD Characteristics
VDD = +5V
V2H
6
+7.0
V1H
+6.0
+5.0
+4.0
+3.0
V1L
+1.0
0
-1.0
120 V2L
Temperature (℃)
2
CL2 (CL1 = Constant) Characteristics
+7.0
V1H
V2H
VDD = +5V
CL2 = 6pF Const.
+6.0
V2H
+5.0
Oscillating Level (V)
Oscillating Level (V)
6
V2L
8
VDD (V)
CL1 (CL2 = Constant) Characteristics
+5.0
+4.0
+3.0
+2.0
+1.0
0
4
+7.0
VDD = +5V
CL1 = 6pF Const.
+6.0
5
+2.0
V1H
+4.0
+3.0
+2.0
V1L
+1.0
1
0
V2L
V1L
-1.0
0
10
CL2/CL1
1
0
V2L
10
CL1/CL2
-1.0
CL (CL1 = CL2) Characteristics
+7.0
VDD = +5V
+6.0
V2H
V1H
Oscillating Level (V)
+5.0
+4.0
+3.0
+2.0
+1.0
0
0
1
10
V1L
V2L
100
CL (pF)
-1.0
Fig. 5-2 Examples of Actual Measurement of Oscillating Amplitude (IC: TC74HCU04(TOSHIBA), CERALOCK®: CSACW33M8X51–B0)
21
Note • Please read rating and CAUTION (for storage, operating, rating, soldering, mounting and handling) in this catalog to prevent smoking and/or burning, etc.
• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
5
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
Characteristics of CERALOCK® Oscillation Circuit
3. Characteristics of Oscillation Rise Time
ON
Supply Voltage Characteristics
Rise Time (ms)
1.00
0.50
0
2
4
6
VDD (V)
8
CL (CL1 = CL2) Characteristics
1.00
VDD = +5V
VDD
Rise Time (ms)
5
Oscillation rise time means the time when oscillation
develops from a transient area to a steady state
condition, at the time the power of the IC is activated.
With a CERALOCK®, this is defined as the time to
reach 90% of the oscillation level under steady state
conditions as shown in Fig. 5-3.
Rise time is primarily a function of the oscillation circuit
design. Generally, smaller loading capacitance, higher
frequency of ceramic resonator, and lower mechanical Q
of ceramic resonator cause a faster rise time. The effect
of load capacitance becomes more apparent as the
capacitance of the resonator decreases.
Fig. 5-4 shows how the rise time increases as the load
capacitance of the resonator increases. Also, Fig. 5-4
shows how the rise time varies with supply voltage.
It is noteworthy that the rise time of the ceramic
resistor is one or two decades faster than a quartz
crystal.
Fig. 5-5 shows comparison of rise time between the two.
0V
0.9ⅹVp-p
0.50
Vp-p
t=0
Rise Time
Time
0
0
1
Fig. 5-3 Definition of Rise Time
10
CL (pF)
100
Fig. 5-4 Examples of Characteristics of Oscillation Rise Time
(IC: TC74HCU04 (TOSHIBA),
CERALOCK®: CSACW33M8X51–B0)
CRYSTAL
(33.868MHz)
CSACW33M8X51–B0
IC : TC74HCU04AP(TOSHIBA)
VDD=+5V, CL1=CL2=6pF
↑ 2.0V/div.
→0.1msec./div.
Fig. 5-5 Comparison of the Rise Time of
a Ceramic Resonator vs. a Quartz Crystal
22
Note • Please read rating and CAUTION (for storage, operating, rating, soldering, mounting and handling) in this catalog to prevent smoking and/or burning, etc.
• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Characteristics of CERALOCK® Oscillation Circuits
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
5
4. Starting Voltage
5.0
VDD = +5V
4.0
Starting Voltage (V)
Starting voltage refer to the minimum supply voltage at
which an oscillation circuit can operate. Starting voltage
is affected by all the circuit elements, but it is
determined mostly by the characteristics of the IC.
Fig. 5-6 shows an example of an actual measurement for
the starting voltage characteristics against the loading
capacitance.
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
0
1
10
CL (pF)
100
Fig. 5-6 Starting Voltage Characteristics against CL (CL1=CL2)
(IC: TC74HCU04 (TOSHIBA), CERALOCK®:
CSACW33M8X51–B0)
23
5
Note • Please read rating and CAUTION (for storage, operating, rating, soldering, mounting and handling) in this catalog to prevent smoking and/or burning, etc.
• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
6 Application Circuits to Various ICs/LSIs
CERALOCK®, by making good use of the above-mentioned features, is used in a
wide range of applications to various kinds of ICs.
The following are a few examples of actual applications.
1. Application to Microcomputers
CERALOCK® is optimum for a stable oscillation element
for various kinds of microcomputers : 4-bit, 8-bit and
16-bit.
With the general frequency tolerance required for the
reference clock of microcomputers at ±2 to ±3%,
standard CERALOCK® meets this requirement. Please
consult with MURATA or LSI manufacturers about the
circuit constants, because these constants vary with
frequency and the LSI circuit being used.
Fig. 6-1 to 6-5 show applications to various kinds of
4-bit microcomputers, Fig. 6-6 to 6-8 show application to
8-bit microcomputers, and Fig. 6-9 to 6-10 show
application to 16bit and 32bit microcomputers.
6
The recomended circuit condition of many ICs has been
uploaded to Murata Web site. Please access to the below
URL.
http://search.murata.co.jp/Ceramy/ICsearchAction.do?
sLang=en
VDD (+5V)
4, 12
IC : MN15G1601
8
13
9
CSTLS4M00G56–B0
C1
C1=47pF
C2=47pF
C2
Fig. 6-1 Application to MN15G1601 (Panasonic)
VDD (+5V)
28
IC : TMP47C443N
2
3-27
1
CSTCR4M00G53–R0
C1
C2
C1=15pF
C2=15pF
Fig. 6-2 Application to TMP47C443N (TOSHIBA)
VDD (+5V)
25
IC : M34524MC–xxxFP
22
23
L
CSTCR4M00G53–R0
C1
C2
C1=15pF
C2=15pF
L : 21, 24, 28, 29
Fig. 6-3 Application to M34524MC-xxxFP
(Renesas Electronics)
24
Note • Please read rating and CAUTION (for storage, operating, rating, soldering, mounting and handling) in this catalog to prevent smoking and/or burning, etc.
• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Application Circuits to Various ICs/LSIs
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
6
VDD (+5V)
VDD (+5V)
10, 24, 25
36
21, 24
IC : PD753108
22
23
41
L
40
CSTLS4M00G56–B0
C1
9, 25, 42
CSTCE8M00G52-R0
C1=47pF
C2=47pF
L : 2, 3, 4, 9, 18, 19
C2
Fig. 6-4 Application to μPD753108 (Renesas Electronics)
C1
C1=10pF
C2=10pF
C2
Fig. 6-7 Application to μPD780032A (Renesas Electronics)
VDD (+5V)
VDD (+5V)
10
57
27,28
IC : M38039MF-xxxFP
IC : LC65F1156A
8
22
L
9
23
CSTLS8M00G53–B0
CSTLS4M00G56–B0
C1
C1=47pF
C2=47pF
L : 1–7, 16–20, 25, 26, 29,
30
C2
Fig. 6-5 Application to LC65F1156A (SANYO)
VDD (+5V)
10
C1
C2
6
C1=15pF
C2=15pF
Fig. 6-8 Application to M38039MF-xxxFP
(Renesas Electronics)
VDD (+5V)
H
27,28
IC : HD64F2268
IC : LC65F1156A
8
65
L
9
63
C2
L
CSTCE12M0G52-R0
CSTLS4M00G56–B0
C1
18, 19, 24, 58, 59
C1=47pF
C2=47pF
L : 1–7, 16–20, 25, 26, 29,
30
Fig. 6-6 Application to TMP87C809BN (TOSHIBA)
C1
C2
C1=10pF
C2=10pF
H : 12, 54, 57, 61, 62
L : 14, 42, 60, 64
Fig. 6-9 Application to HD64F2268
(Renesas Electronics)
25
Note • Please read rating and CAUTION (for storage, operating, rating, soldering, mounting and handling) in this catalog to prevent smoking and/or burning, etc.
• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
6
Application Circuits to Various ICs/LSIs
VDD (+5V)
H
16
54
56
IC : M30221M4-xxxFP
22
20
L
CSTCE10M0G52-R0
C1
C2
C1=10pF
C2=10pF
H : 20, 51, 52, 76, 120
L : 13, 18, 49, 50, 53, 55,
78, 117
RESET : 16
Fig. 6-10 Application to M30221M4-xxxFP
(Renesas Electronics)
6
26
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
Note • Please read rating and CAUTION (for storage, operating, rating, soldering, mounting and handling) in this catalog to prevent smoking and/or burning, etc.
• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Application Circuits to Various ICs/LSIs
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
6
2. Application to Remote Control ICs
Remote controll have become an increasingly more
popular feature in TVs, stereos, VCRs, and air
conditioners.
Fig. 6-11 shows an example of CERALOCK® in remote
control transmission ICs. Oscillation frequency is
normally 3.2M to 4MHz, with 3.64MHz being the most
popular. This 3.64MHz is divided by a carrier signal
generator, so that a carrier of approximately 38kHz is
generated.
VDD (+3V)
H
8
7
L
CSTLS3M64G53–B0
C1
C1=15pF
C2=15pF
H : 6, 10
L : 3, 9, 12, 13, 14
C2
Fig. 6-11 Application to μPD65 (Renesas Electronics)
3. Application to ICs for Office Equipment
With the applications of ICs in office machines, many
CERALOCK®s are used for motor drivers/controllers/
digital signal processor (D.S.P.) in CD's ICs. Fig. 6-12
shows application example. It is believed that this type
of application will increase in the future.
VDD1 (+5V)
VDD2 (+3.3V)
H2
H1
6
IC : LC78646E
49
L
48
Rd
CSTCE16M9V53–R0
C1
C2
Fig. 6-12 Application to LC78646E (SANYO)
(CD Digital Signal Processor)
4. Other Kinds of Applications to Various ICs
VDD (+5V)
8, 9
IC : MSM6650GS
8
GND
9
220pF
Other than the above-mentioned uses, CERALOCK® is
widely used with ICs for voice synthesis.
Fig. 6-13 shows an example of voice synthesis.
We can provide CERALOCK® application data for many
ICs that are not mentioned in this manual. Please
consult us for details.
CSTLS4M09G53–B0
C1
C2
C1=15pF
C2=15pF
: 15, 29, 64
GND : 6, 7, 14, 16, 20
Fig. 6-13 Application to ICs for Voice Synthesis MSM6650GS (OKI)
27
Note • Please read rating and CAUTION (for storage, operating, rating, soldering, mounting and handling) in this catalog to prevent smoking and/or burning, etc.
• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
7 Notice
■Notice (Soldering and Mounting)
Please contact us regarding ultrasonic cleaning
conditions to avoid possible damage.
■Notice (Storage and Operating Conditions)
Please do not apply excess mechanical stress to the
component and lead terminals at soldering.
■Notice (Rating)
The component may be damaged if excess mechanical
stress is applied.
■Notice (Handling)
・Unstable oscillation or oscillation stoppage might
occur when CERALOCK® is used in an improper way
in conjunction with ICs. We are happy to evaluate the
application circuit to help you avoid this.
・Oscillation frequency of our standard CERALOCK® is
adjusted with our standard measuring circuit. There
could be slight shift in frequency if other types of IC
are used. When you require exact oscillation frequency
in your application, please contact us.
7
28
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
Note • Please read rating and CAUTION (for storage, operating, rating, soldering, mounting and handling) in this catalog to prevent smoking and/or burning, etc.
• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
8
Appendix
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31
Equivalent Circuit Constants of CERALOCK®
(The equivalent circuit constants are not the guaranteed value but the standard value.)
（MHz band lead CERALOCK®）
Equivalent
Constant
Fr (kHz)
Fa (kHz)
∆F (kHz)
R1 (Ω)
L1 (mH)
C1 (pF)
C0 (pF)
Qm
CSTLS4M00G53-B0
3784.4
4135.3
350.9
9.0
0.4611
3.8377
19.7730
1220
CSTLS6M00G53-B0
5710.9
6199.5
488.6
7.5
0.2381
3.2635
18.2899
1135
CSTLS8M00G53-B0
8.0
0.1251
3.5030
19.9175
775
Part Number
7604.7
8246.3
641.6
CSTLS10M0G53-B0
9690.1
10399.1
709.0
7.0
0.0984
2.7448
18.0899
947
CSTLS16M0X55-B0
15972.9
16075.0
102.1
24.6
0.6572
0.1511
11.7835
2681
CSTLS20M0X53-B0
19959.2
20070.8
111.6
19.0
0.4858
0.1309
11.6716
3203
CSTLS24M0X53-B0
23955.8
24095.9
140.2
16.6
0.4205
0.1050
8.9440
3805
CSTLS27M0X51-B0
27024.3
27172.8
148.5
15.9
0.3638
0.0953
8.6486
3877
CSTLS32M0X51-B0
31918.4
32092.6
174.2
13.4
0.2481
0.1002
9.1542
3716
CSTLS33M8X51-B0
33777.8
33969.7
191.9
25.6
0.2561
0.0867
7.6093
2120
CSTLS36M0X51-B0
36033.6
36241.1
207.6
13.4
0.2260
0.0863
7.4700
3821
CSTLS40M0X51-B0
39997.7
40240.1
242.7
15.8
0.2301
0.0688
5.6544
3651
CSTLS50M0X51-B0
49946.3
50193.1
246.8
27.6
0.1856
0.0547
5.5234
2107
Fr (kHz)
Fa (kHz)
∆F (kHz)
R1 (Ω)
L1 (mH)
C1 (pF)
C0 (pF)
Qm
CSTCC2M00G53-R0
1894.2
2092.8
198.6
16.1
1.8473
3.8235
17.3264
1375
CSTCR4M00G53-R0
3856.0
4098.6
242.6
16.0
0.8445
2.0176
15.5455
1304
CSTCR6M00G53-R0
5789.4
6152.4
363.0
11.9
0.3899
1.9396
14.9946
1207
CSTCE8M00G52-R0
7726.6
8177.4
450.8
7.5
0.2621
1.6201
13.4902
1715
CSTCE10M0G52-R0
9602.0
10172.0
570.0
7.2
0.1674
1.6477
13.4755
1401
（MHz band Chip CERALOCK®）
Part Number
Equivalent
Constant
CSTCE12M0G52-R0
11597.4
12285.0
687.6
5.8
0.1175
1.6023
13.1239
1483
CSTCE16M0V53-R0
15634.2
16574.4
940.2
10.4
0.1084
0.9563
7.7184
1039
CSTCE20M0V53-R0
19576.0
20761.0
1185.0
11.0
0.0791
0.8366
6.7052
932
CSTCW24M0X51-R0
23938.7
24090.8
152.1
24.1
0.4716
0.0938
7.3546
2953
CSTCW33M8X51-R0
33799.3
34003.7
204.4
24.8
0.3249
0.0683
5.6326
2789
CSTCW48M0X51-R0
47949.9
48227.0
277.1
23.0
0.1978
0.0557
4.8049
2609
8
29
Note • Please read rating and CAUTION (for storage, operating, rating, soldering, mounting and handling) in this catalog to prevent smoking and/or burning, etc.
• This catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please review our product specifications or consult the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
P17E.pdf
2012.10.31