Features • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • AVR® Microcontroller-based Function Controller Fully Programmable USB Low-/Full-speed Function with Five Endpoints High Performance and Low Power 1.5/12/24 MIPs AVR RISC Microcontroller 120 Powerful Instructions – Most with 83 ns Execution Cycle Times 24 KB Masked ROM Program Memory 1 KB Internal SRAM 32 x 8 General-purpose Working Registers 19 Programmable I/O Port Pins 12 Channels 10-bit A-to-D Converter Programmable SPI Serial Interface One 8-bit Timer Counter with Separate Pre-scaler One 16-bit Timer Counter with Separate Pre-scaler and Two PWMs External and Internal Interrupt Sources Programmable Watchdog Timer Low Power Idle and Power-down Modes 6 MHz Crystal Oscillator with PLL 5V Operation with On-chip 3.3V Regulators 48-lead LQFP Package Binary Compatible with the AT43USB355 Full-speed/ Low-speed USB Microcontroller with ADC and PWM Description The Atmel AT43USB351M is a USB AVR-based microcontroller that is configurable as a low-speed or full-speed USB device. Its program memory is a 24-Kbyte mask programmable ROM and its data memory is 1-Kbyte SRAM. The on-chip peripherals consists of 19 general-purpose I/O ports, two timer-counters, SPI serial interface, a PWM and a 10-bit AD converter with 12 input channels. AT43USB351M The MCU of the AT43USB351M is a high performance 8-bit AVR RISC that operates at a clock frequency of 1.5 MHz, 12 MHz or 24 MHz. The A-to-D converter has a minimum conversion time of 12 µs that together with the 12 input channel should cover even the most demanding game controllers such as gamepads, joysticks and racing wheels. The two PWM outputs can be programmed for 8-, 9- or 10-bit resolution for applications requiring force feedback. The 19 general-purpose programmable I/O pins provide generous inputs for the various buttons and switches and LED indicators that are being used in increasing numbers in today's game controllers. The USB function has one control endpoint and four additional programmable endpoints, each with their own FIFOs. Two of the endpoints have a 64-byte FIFO each, while the other two have 8-byte FIFOs. The USB hardware supports the physical and link layers of the USB protocol while the transaction layer function must be implemented in the MCU's firmware. The AVR architecture was developed to be programmed in C efficiently and without loss in performance. The AT43USB351M is binary-compatible with the AT43USB355. Program development and debugging for the AT43USB351M uses the AT43DK355 and all its tools and libraries. Rev. 3302E–USB–7/04 1 Pin Configuration 2XN VSSA CEXTA VCCA ADC0 ADC1 ADC2 ADC3 ADC4 ADC5 ADC6 ADC7 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 Figure 1. AT43USB351M 48-lead LQFP CEXT2 37 24 ADC8 VCC2 38 23 ADC9 VSS2 39 22 ADC10 PD6 40 21 ADC11 PD5 41 20 TEST XTAL1 42 19 RESETN XTAL2 43 18 PA0 LFT 44 17 PA1 PD4 45 16 PA2 PD3 46 15 PA3 PD2 47 14 PA4 PD1 48 13 PA5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 PD0 DP DM CEXT1 VCC1 VSS1 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PA7 PA6 AT43USB351M-AC Figure 2. Low-/Full-speed USB Microcontroller with ADC and PWM PA[0:7] DP0 USB GPIO PB[4:7] DM0 PD[0:6] XTAL1 OSC + PLL ADC ADC[0:11] XTAL2 LFT AVR TIMER/ COUNTER VCC[1,2,A] SPI RSTN TEST 2 ROM & SRAM VSS[1,2,A] VOLTAGE REGULATORS CEXT[1,2,A] AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Pin Assignment Pin# Signal Type Pin# Signal Type 1 PD0 Bi-directional 25 ADC7 Input 2 DP Bi-directional 26 ADC6 Input 3 DM Bi-directional 27 ADC5 Input 4 CEXT1 Power Supply/Ground 28 ADC4 Input 5 VCC1 Power Supply/Ground 29 ADC3 Input 6 VSS1 Power Supply/Ground 30 ADC2 Input 7 PB7 Bi-directional 31 ADC1 Input 8 PB6 Bi-directional 32 ADC0 Input 9 PB5 Bi-directional 33 VCCA Power Supply/Ground 10 PB4 Bi-directional 34 CEXTA Power Supply/Ground 11 PA7 Bi-directional 35 VSSA Power Supply/Ground 12 PA6 Bi-directional 36 2XN Input 13 PA5 Bi-directional 37 CEXT2 Power Supply/Ground 14 PA4 Bi-directional 38 VCC2 Power Supply/Ground 15 PA3 Bi-directional 39 VSS2 Power Supply/Ground 16 PA2 Bi-directional 40 PD6 Bi-directional 17 PA1 Bi-directional 41 PD5 Bi-directional 18 PA0 Bi-directional 42 XTAL1 Input 19 RESETN Input 43 XTAL2 Output 20 TEST Input 44 LFT Output 21 ADC11 Input 45 PD4 Bi-directional 22 ADC10 Input 46 PD3 Bi-directional 23 ADC9 Input 47 PD2 Bi-directional 24 ADC8 Input 48 PD1 Bi-directional 3 3302E–USB–7/04 Signal Description Name Type Function VCC1, 2 Power Supply/Ground 5V Digital Power Supply VCCA Power Supply/Ground 5V Power Supply for the ADC VSS1, 2 Power Supply/Ground Digital Ground VSSA Power Supply/Ground Ground for the ADC CEXT1, 2 Power Supply/Ground External Capacitors for Power Supplies – High quality 2.2 µF capacitors must be connected to CEXT1 and CEXT2 for proper operation of the chip. CEXTA Power Supply/Ground External Capacitor for Analog Power Supply – A high quality 0.33 µF capacitor must be connected to CEXTA for proper operation of the chip. XTAL1 Input Oscillator Input – Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier. XTAL2 Output Oscillator Output – Output of the inverting oscillator amplifier. LFT Input PLL Filter – For proper operation of the PLL, this pin should be connected through a 0.01 µF capacitor in parallel with a 100Ω resistor in series with a 0.1 µF capacitor to ground (VSS). Both capacitors must be high quality ceramic. DPO Bi-directional Upstream Plus USB I/O – This pin should be connected to CEXT1 through an external 1.5 kΩ. DMO Bi-directional Upstream Minus USB I/O PA[0:7] Bi-directional Port A[0:7] – Bi-directional 8-bit I/O port with 2 mA drive strength and a programmable pull-up resistor. PB[4:7] Bi-directional Port B[4:7] – Bi-directional 8-bit I/O port with 2 mA drive strength and a programmable pull-up resistor. PB[4:7] have dual functions as shown below: PD[0:6] Bi-directional Port Pin Alternate Function PB4 SSN, SPI Slave Port Select or SCL, I2C Serial Bus Clock PB5 MOSI, SPI Slave Port Select Input PB6 MISO, SPI Master Data In, Slave Data Out PB7 SCK, SPI Master Clock Out, Slave Clock In Port D[0:6] – Bi-directional I/O ports with 2 mA drive strength and a programmable pull-up resistor. PortD[2:6] have dual functions as shown below: Port Pin Alternate Function PD2 INT0, External Interrupt 0 PD3 INT1, External Interrupt 1 PD4 ICP, Timer/Counter, Input Capture PD5 OC1A Timer/Counter1 Output Compare A PD6 OC1B Timer/Counter1 Output Compare B ADC[0:11] Input ADC Input[0:11] – 12-bit input pins for the ADC. TEST Input Test Pin – This pin should be tied to ground. RESETN Input Reset – Active Low. 2XN Input Clock Frequency Selector (Table 1 on page 6) 4 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Figure 3. The AT43USB351M Enhanced RISC Architecture 12K x 16 Program Memory Instruction Register Program Counter Status and Control 32 x 8 General-purpose Registers Interrupt Unit 8-bit Timer/Counter 16-bit Timer/Counter ALU Instruction Decoder Control Lines Watchdog Timer 1024 x 8 SRAM SPI Unit 19 GPIO Lines ADC USB Function 5 3302E–USB–7/04 Architectural Overview The AT43USB351M is binary-compatible with the AT43USB355 compound device. Firmware developed for the AT43USB355 will run on the AT43USB351M. The peripherals and features of the AT43USB351M microcontroller are similar to those of the AT90S8515, with the exception of the following modifications: • No EEPROM • No External Data Memory Accesses • No UART • Idle Mode not Supported • USB Function • On-chip ADC The embedded USB hardware of the AT43USB351M is a USB function with an 8-byte control endpoint and four additional programmable endpoints with separate FIFOs. Two of the FIFOs are 64 bytes deep and the other two are 8 bytes deep. Depending on the USB speed and the state of 2XN input signal, device pin 36, the MCU runs at 1.5 MHz, 12 MHz or 24 MHz. The clock that operates the MCU is generated by the USB hardware. While at 12 MHz, the nominal and average period of the clock is 83.3 ns, it may have single cycles that deviate by ±20.8 ns during a phase adjustment by the SIE’s clock/data separator of the USB hardware. Similarly at 1.5 MHz, the MCU clock runs 8 times slower and at 24 MHz, two times faster than the 12 MHz mode. The clock frequencies of the various modules of the AT43USB351M is summarized in the following table: Table 1. Clock Frequencies USB Mode 2XN Pin MCU Clock Timer/Counter Clock ADC Clock SPI Clock WDT Clock Full Speed 0 24 MHz 12 MHz 1 MHz 24 MHz 1 MHz Full Speed 1 12 MHz 12 MHz 1 MHz 12 MHz 1 MHz Low Speed 0 24 MHz 12 MHz 1 MHz 24 MHz 1 MHz Low Speed 1 1.5 MHz 1.5 MHz 1 MHz 1.5 MHz 1 MHz The microcontroller shares most of the control and status registers of the megaAVR Microcontroller Family. The registers for managing the USB operations are mapped into its SRAM space. The I/O section on page 15 summarizes the available I/O registers. The “AVR Register Set” on page 36 covers the AVR registers. Please refer to the Atmel AVR manual for more information. The fast-access register file concept contains 32 x 8-bit general-purpose working registers with a single clock cycle access time. This means that during one single clock cycle, one Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) operation is executed. Two operands are output from the register file, the operation is executed, and the result is stored back in the register file – in one clock cycle. Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address register pointers for Data Space addressing - enabling efficient address calculations. One of the three address pointers is also used as the address pointer for look-up tables in program memory. These added function registers are the 16-bit X-, Y- and Z-registers. The ALU supports arithmetic and logic operations between registers or between a constant and a register. Single register operations are also executed in the ALU. Figure 3 on page 5 shows the AT43USB351M AVR Enhanced RISC microcontroller architecture. In addition to the register operation, the conventional memory addressing modes can be used on the register file as well. This is enabled by the fact that the register file is assigned the 32 6 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M lowest Data Space addresses ($00 - $1 F), allowing them to be accessed as though they were ordinary memory locations. The I/O memory space contains 64 addresses for CPU peripheral functions as Control Registers, Timer/Counters, and other I/O functions. The I/O Memory can be accessed directly, or as the Data Space locations following those of the register file, $20 - $5F. The AVR uses a Harvard architecture concept – with separate memories and buses for program and data. The program memory is executed with a single-level pipelining. While one instruction is being executed, the next instruction is pre-fetched from the program memory. This concept enables instructions to be executed in every clock cycle. The program memory is a downloadable SRAM or a mask programmed ROM. With the relative jump and call instructions, the whole 24K address space is directly accessed. Most AVR instructions have a single 16-bit word format. Every program memory address contains a 16- or 32-bit instruction. During interrupts and subroutine calls, the return address Program Counter (PC) is stored on the stack. The stack is effectively allocated in the general data SRAM, and consequently, the stack size is only limited by the total SRAM size and the usage of the SRAM. All user programs must initialize the Stack Pointer (SP) in the reset routine (before subroutines or interrupts are executed). The 10-bit SP is read/write accessible in the I/O space. The 1-Kbyte data SRAM can be easily accessed through the five different addressing modes supported in the AVR architecture. The memory spaces in the AVR architecture are all linear and regular memory maps. A flexible interrupt module has its control registers in the I/O space with an additional global interrupt enable bit in the status register. All interrupts have a separate interrupt vector in the interrupt vector table at the beginning of the program memory. The interrupts have priority in accordance with their interrupt vector position. The lower the interrupt vector address, the higher the priority. Development Support The AT43USB351M uses the same program and development tools as the AT43USB355 and other Atmel AVR microcontrollers, including: C compilers, macro assemblers, program debuggers/simulators and in-circuit emulators. The AT43DK355 development kit is also available, including firmware source code for the most common USB applications. 7 3302E–USB–7/04 The Generalpurpose Register File Table 2. AVR CPU General-purpose Working Register Register Address R0 $00 R1 $01 R2 $02 Comment .. R13 $0D R14 $0E R15 $0F R16 $10 R17 $11 .. R26 $1A X-register low byte R27 $1B X-register high byte R28 $1C Y-register low byte R29 $1D Y-register high byte R30 $1E Z-register low byte R31 $1F Z-register high byte All register operating instructions in the instruction set have direct and single cycle access to all registers. The only exception is the five constant arithmetic and logic instructions SBCI, SUBI, CPI, ANDI, and ORI between a constant and a register, and the LDI instruction for load immediate constant data. These instructions apply to the second half of the registers in the register file – R16..R31. The general SBC, SUB, CP, AND, and OR and all other operations between two registers or on a single register apply to the entire register file. As shown in Table 2, each register is also assigned a data memory address, mapping them directly into the first 32 locations of the user Data Space. Although not being physically implemented as SRAM locations, this memory organization provides great flexibility in access of the registers, as the X-, Y-, and Z-registers can be set to index any register in the file. 8 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M X-, Y- and ZRegisters Registers R26..R31 contain some added functions to their general-purpose usage. These registers are address pointers for indirect addressing of the Data Space. The three indirect address registers X, Y, and Z are defined as: X-register 15 XH 7 XL 0 7 R27 ($1B) Y-register 15 R26 ($1A) YL 0 7 R29 ($1D) Z-register 0 YH 7 15 0 0 R28 ($1C) ZH 7 0 ZL 0 7 R30 ($1F) 0 0 R31 ($1E) In the different addressing modes these address registers have functions as fixed displacement, automatic increment and decrement (see the descriptions for the different instructions). ALU – Arithmetic Logic Unit The high-performance AVR ALU operates in direct connection with all 32 general-purpose working registers. Within a single clock cycle, ALU operations between registers in the register file are executed. The ALU operations are divided into three main categories – arithmetic, logical and bit-functions. Program Memory The AT43USB351M contains 24K bytes on-chip masked programmable ROM for program storage. Since all instructions are 16- or 32-bit words, the program memory is organized as 12K x 16. The AT43USB351M Program Counter (PC) is 14 bits wide, thus addressing the 12,288 program memory addresses. Constant tables can be allocated within the entire program memory address space (see the LPM - Load Program Memory instruction description). Read Sequence Where the functions overlap, the AT43USB351M and the AT43USB355 are binary-compatible. Firmware written for the AT43USB355 will work unaltered on the AT43USB351M as long as the functions are supported by the AT43USB351M. The only functional difference between the two devices are: Function AT43USB355 AT43USB351 USB Hub Hub3 downstream ports and attached function Function only, No Hub Port B PB[0:7] PB[4:7] Port D PD[0:7] PD[0:6] Port F PF[0:3} No Port F 9 3302E–USB–7/04 SRAM Data Memory Table 4 summarizes how the AT43USB351M SRAM Memory is organized. The lower 1120 Data Memory locations address the Register file, the I/O Memory and the internal data SRAM. The first 96 locations address the Register File + I/O Memory, and the next 1024 locations address the internal data SRAM. The five different addressing modes for the data memory cover: Direct, Indirect with Displacement, Indirect, Indirect with Pre-decrement and Indirect with Post-increment. In the register file, registers R26 to R31 feature the indirect addressing pointer registers. Direct addressing reaches the entire data space. The Indirect with Displacement mode features 63 address locations that reach from the base address given by the Y- or Z-register. When using register indirect addressing modes with automatic pre-decrement and post-increment, the address registers X, Y, and Z are decremented and incremented. The 32 general-purpose working registers, 64 I/O registers and the 1024 bytes of internal data SRAM in the AT43USB351M are all accessible through these addressing modes. To manage the USB hardware, a special set of registers is assigned. These registers are mapped to SRAM space between addresses $1F00 and 1FFF. Table 4 and Table 5 give an overview of these registers. 10 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Table 3. SRAM Organization Register File Data Address Space R0 $0000 R1 $0001 R30 $001E R31 $001F I/O Registers $00 $0020 $01 $0021 $3E $005E $3F $005F Internal SRAM $0060 $0061 $025E $045F USB Registers $1F00 $1FFE $1FFF 11 3302E–USB–7/04 Table 4. USB Hub and Function Registers 12 Address Name Function $1FFD FRM_NUM_H Frame Number High Register $1FFC FRM_NUM_L Frame Number Low Register $1FFB GLB_STATE Global State Register $1FFA SPRSR Suspend/Resume Register $1FF9 SPRSIE Suspend/Resume Interrupt Enable Register $1FF8 SPRSMSK Suspend/Resume Interrupt Mask Register $1FF7 UISR USB Interrupt Status Register $1FF6 UIMSKR USB Interrupt Mask Register $1FF5 UIAR USB Interrupt Acknowledge Register $1FF3 UIER USB Interrupt Enable Register $1FEF HADDR Hub Address Register $1FEE FADDR Function Address Register $1FE6 FENDP4_CNTR Function Endpoint 4 Control Register $1FE5 FENDP0_CNTR Function Endpoint 0 Control Register $1FE4 FENDP1_CNTR Function Endpoint 1 Control Register $1FE3 FENDP2_CNTR Function Endpoint 2 Control Register $1FE2 FENDP3_CNTR Function Endpoint 3 Control Register $1FDE FCSR4 Function Controller Endpoint 4 Service Routine Register $1FDD FCSR0 Function Controller Endpoint 0 Service Routine Register $1FDC FCSR1 Function Controller Endpoint 1 Service Routine Register $1FDB FCSR2 Function Controller Endpoint 2 Service Routine Register $1FDA FCSR3 Function Controller Endpoint 3 Service Routine Register $1FD6 FDR4 Function Enbpoint 4 FIFO Data Register $1FD5 FDR0 Function Endpoint 0 FIFO Data Register $1FD4 FDR1 Function Endpoint 1 FIFO Data Register $1FD3 FDR2 Function Endpoint 2 FIFO Data Register $1FD2 FDR3 Function Endpoint 3 FIFO Data Register $1FCE FBYTE_CNT4 Function Endpoint 4 Byte Count Register $1FCD FBYTE_CNT0 Function Endpoint 0 Byte Count Register $1FCC FBYTE_CNT1 Function Endpoint 1 Byte Count Register $1FCB FBYTE_CNT2 Function Endpoint 2 Byte Count Register $1FCA FBYTE_CNT3 Function Endpoint 3 Byte Count Register $1FA6 FCAR4 Function Endpoint 4 Control and Acknowledge Register $1FA5 FCAR0 Function Endpoint 0 Control and Acknowledge Register $1FA4 FCAR1 Function Endpoint 1 Control and Acknowledge Register $1FA3 FCAR2 Function Endpoint 2 Control and Acknowledge Register $1FA2 FCAR3 Function Endpoint 3 Control and Acknowledge Register AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Table 5. USB Hub and Function Registers Name Address Bit 7 GLB_STATE $1FFB – Bit 6 SPRSR $1FFA – SPRSIE $1FF9 – – – – – FRWUP IE RSM IE GLB SUSP IE SPRSMSK $1FF8 – – – – – FRWUP MSK RSM MSK GLB SUSP MSK UISR $1FF7 SOF INT EOF2 INT – FEP4 INT FEP3 INT FEP2 INT FEP1 INT FEP0 INT – Bit 5 – Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 SUSP FLG RESUME FLG RMWUPE CONFG HADD EN – – FRWUP RSM GLB SUSP UIMSKR $1FF6 SOF MSK SOF2 MSK – FEP3 MSK HEP0 MSK FEP2 MSK FEP1 MSK FEP0 MSK UIAR $1FF5 SOF INTACK EOF2 INTACK – FEP3 INTACK HEP0 INTACK FEP2 INTACK FEP1 INTACK FEP0 INTACK UIER $1FF3 SOF IE EOF2 IE – FEP3 IE HEP0 IE FEP2 IE FEP1 IE FEP0 IE UOVCER $1FF2 – – – – – PORT2 – – HADDR $1FEF SAEN HADD6 HADD5 HADD4 HADD3 HADD2 HADD1 HADD0 FADDR $1FEE FEN FADD6 FADD5 FADD4 FADD3 FADD2 FADD1 FADD0 FENDP4_CNTR $1FE6 EPEN – – – DTGLE EPDIR EPTYPE1 EPTYPE0 FENDP0_CNTR $1FE5 EPEN – – – DTGLE EPDIR EPTYPE1 EPTYPE0 FENDP1_CNTR $1FE4 EPEN – – – DTGLE EPDIR EPTYPE1 EPTYPE0 FENDP2_CNTR $1FE3 EPEN – – – DTGLE EPDIR EPTYPE1 EPTYPE0 FENDP3_CNTR $1FE2 EPEN – – – DTGLE EPDIR EPTYPE1 EPTYPE0 FCSR4 $1FDE – – – – STALL SENT – RX OUT PACKET TX CEMPLETE FCSR0 $1FDD – – – – STALL SENT RX SETUP RX OUT PACKET TX COMPLETE FCSR1 $1FDC – – – – STALL SENT – RX OUT PACKET TX COMPLETE FCSR2 $1FDB – – – – STALL SENT – RX OUT PACKET TX COMPLETE FCSR3 $1FDA – – – – STALL SENT – RX OUT PACKET TX COMPLETE HDR4 $1FD6 DATA7 DATA6 DATA5 DATA4 DATA3 DATA2 DATA1 DATA0 FDR0 $1FD5 DATA7 DATA6 DATA5 DATA4 DATA3 DATA2 DATA1 DATA0 FDR1 $1FD4 DATA7 DATA6 DATA5 DATA4 DATA3 DATA2 DATA1 DATA0 FDR2 $1FD3 DATA7 DATA6 DATA5 DATA4 DATA3 DATA2 DATA1 DATA0 FDR3 $1FD2 DATA7 DATA6 DATA5 DATA4 DATA3 DATA2 DATA1 DATA0 FBYTE_CNT4 $1FCE – – BYTCT5 BYTCT4 BYTCT3 BYTCT2 BYTCT1 BYTCT0 FBYTE_CNT0 $1FCD – – BYTCT5 BYTCT4 BYTCT3 BYTCT2 BYTCT1 BYTCT0 FBYTE_CNT1 $1FCC – BYTCT6 BYTCT5 BYTCT4 BYTCT3 BYTCT2 BYTCT1 BYTCT0 FBYTE_CNT2 $1FCB – BYTCT6 BYTCT5 BYTCT4 BYTCT3 BYTCT2 BYTCT1 BYTCT0 FBYTE_CNT3 $1FCA – – BYTCT5 BYTCT4 BYTCT3 BYTCT2 BYTCT1 BYTCT0 HSTR $1FC7 – – – – OVLSC LPSC OVI LPS HPCON $1FC5 – HPCON2 HPCON1 HPCON0 – HPADD2 HPADD1 HPADD0 HPSTAT3 $1FBA – LSP PPSTAT PRSTAT POCI PSSTAT PESTAT PCSTAT HPSTAT2 $1FB9 – LSP PPSTAT PRSTAT POCI PSSTAT PESTAT PCSTAT HPSTAT1 $1FB8 – LSP PPSTAT PRSTAT POCI PSSTAT PESTAT PCSTAT HPSCR3 $1FB2 – – – RSTSC POCIC PSSC PESC PCSC HPSCR2 $1FB1 – – – RSTSC POCIC PSSC PESC PCSC HPSCR1 $1FB0 – – – RSTSC POCIC PSSC PESC PCSC PSTATE3 $1FAA – – – – – – DPSTATE DMSTATE PSTATE2 $1FA9 – – – – – – DPSTATE DMSTATE FCAR4 $1FA6 CTL DIR DATA END FORCE STALL TX PACKET READY STALL_SENT-ACK – RX_OUT_PACKET_ACK TX_COMPLETE-ACK 13 3302E–USB–7/04 Table 5. USB Hub and Function Registers (Continued) Name Address Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 FCAR0 $1FA5 CTL DIR DATA END FORCE STALL TX PACKET READY STALL_SENT-ACK RX_SETUP_ACK RX_OUT_PACKET_ACK TX_COMPLETE-ACK FCAR1 $1FA4 CTL DIR DATA END FORCE STALL TX PACKET READY STALL_SENT-ACK – RX_OUT_PACKET_ACK TX_COMPLETE-ACK FCAR2 $1FA3 CTL DIR DATA END FORCE STALL TX PACKET READY STALL_SENT-ACK – RX_OUT_PACKET_ACK TX_COMPLETE-ACK FCAR3 $1FA2 CTL DIR DATA END FORCE STALL TX PACKET READY STALL_SENT-ACK – RX_OUT_PACKET_ACK TX_COMPLETE-ACK 14 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M I/O Memory The I/O space definition of the AT43USB351M is shown in the following table: Table 6. I/O Memory Space I/O (SRAM) Address Name Function $3F ($5F) SREG Status Register $3E ($5E) SPH Stack Pointer High $3D ($5D) SPL Stack Pointer Low $3B ($5B) GIMSK General Interrupt Mask Register $3A ($5A) GIFR General Interrupt Flag Register $39 ($59) TIMSK Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register $38 ($58) TIFR Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register $35 ($55) MCUCR MCU General Control Register $33 ($53) TCCR0 Timer/Counter0 Control Register $32 ($52) TCNT0 Timer/Counter0 (8 bit) $2F ($4F) TCCR1A Timer/Counter1 Control Register A $2E ($4E) TTCR1B Timer/Counter0 Control Register B $2D ($52) TCNT1H Timer/Counter1 High Byte $2C ($52) TCNT1L Timer/Counter0 Low Byte $2B ($4B) OCR1AH Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register A High Byte $2A ($4A) OCR1AL Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register A Low Byte $29 ($49) OCR1BH Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register B High Byte $28 ($48) OCR1BL Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register B Low Byte $25 ($45) ICR1H T/C 1 Input Capture Register High Byte $24 ($44) ICR1L T/C 1 Input Capture Register Low Byte $21 ($41) WDTCR Watchdog Timer Counter Register $1B ($4B) PORTA Data Register, Port A $1A ($3A) DDRA Data Direction Register, Port A $19 ($39) PINA Input Pins, Port A $18 ($38) PORTB Data Register, Port B $17 ($37) DDRB Data Direction Register, Port B $16 ($36) PINB Input Pins, Port B $12 ($32) PORTD Data Register, Port D $11 ($31) DDRD Data Direction Register, Port D $10 ($30) PIND Input Pins, Port D $0F ($2F) SPDR SPI I/O Data Register $0E ($2E) SPSR SPI Status Register $0D ($2D) SPCR SPI Control Register $08 ($28) ADMUX ADC Mux Select Register 15 3302E–USB–7/04 Table 6. I/O Memory Space (Continued) I/O (SRAM) Address Name $07 ($27) ADCSR $03 ($23) ADCH ADC High Byte Data Register $02 ($22) ADCL ADC Low Byte Data Register Function ADC Control and Status Register All AT43USB351M I/O and peripherals, except for the USB hardware registers, are placed in the I/O space. The I/O locations are accessed by the IN and OUT instructions transferring data between the 32 general-purpose working registers and the I/O space. I/O registers within the address range $00 – $1F are directly bit-accessible using the SBI and CBI instructions. In these registers, the value of single bits can be checked by using the SBIS and SBIC instructions. Refer to the instruction set documentations of the AVR for more details. When using the I/O specific commands, IN and OUT, the I/O address $00 – $3F must be used. When addressing I/O registers as SRAM, $20 must be added to this address. All I/O register addresses throughout this document are shown with the SRAM address in parentheses. For compatibility with future devices, reserved bits should be written to zero if accessed. Reserved I/O memory addresses should never be written. USB Function A unique feature of the AT43USB351M is that its USB function can operate as a full-speed or low-speed USB device. The AT43USB351M’s USB hardware detects where the 1.5 kΩ pull-up resistor is connected, i.e. DP or DM, and selects the correct mode automatically. If the pull-up resistor is connected to DP, full-speed mode is entered and if DM, low-speed mode is entered. Firmware for low-speed and full-speed, and vice versa, may not work interchangeably. Among other things, USB bus signaling interrupts are different for the two modes. For example, in the full-speed mode, an interrupt can be generated at SOF. This is not available in the low-speed mode. Table 1 in the “Architectural Overview” section describes the effect of USB speed and MCU frequency speed selection on the various clock frequencies of the peripheral modules of the AT43USB351M. The embedded USB function has a default endpoint plus 4 other programmable endpoints. Two of these endpoints contain their own 64-byte FIFO, while the other two have 8-byte FIFOs. Endpoints 1 - 4 can be programmed as interrupt IN or OUT or bulk IN or OUT endpoints. Note that in the low-speed mode, the maximum data packet is 8 bytes and only interrupt IN or OUT endpoints are allowed. 16 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Figure 4. USB Hardware USB XCVR Hub Repeater Full-speed/Low-speed Serial Interface Engine Function Interface Unit Data Address Control AVR Microcontroller 17 3302E–USB–7/04 Functional Description On-chip Power Supply The AT43USB351M contains three on-chip power supplies that generate 3.3V with a capacity of 30 mA each from the 5V power input. The on-chip power supplies are intended to supply the AT43USB351M internal circuit and the 1.5K pull-up resistor only and should not be used for other purposes. External 2.2 µF filter capacitors are required at the power supply outputs, CEXT1 and CEXT2 and 0.33 µFal CEXTA. The internal power supplies can be disabled as described in the next paragraph. The user should be careful when the GPIO pins are required to supply high-load currents. If the application requires that the GPIO supply currents beyond the capability of the on-chip power supply, the AT43USB351M should be supplied by an external 3.3V power supply. In this case, the 5V VCC power supply pin should be left unconnected and the external 3.3V power supplied to the chip through the CEXT1, CEXT2 and CEXTA pins. I/O Pin Characteristics The I/O pins of the AT43USB351M should not be directly connected to voltages less than VSS or more than the voltage at the voltage regulator pins. If it is necessary to violate this rule, insert a series resistor between the I/O pin and the source of the external signal source that limits the current into the I/O pin to less than 2 mA. Under no circumstance should the external voltage exceed 5.5V. To do so will put the chip under excessive stress. Oscillator and PLL All clock signals required to operate the AT43USB351M are derived from an on-chip oscillator and a 6 MHz crystal or resonator (low-speed only). In full-speed mode, an on-chip PLL generates the high frequency for the clock/data separator of the Serial Interface Engine. In the suspended state, the oscillator circuitry is turned off. In low-speed mode, the PLL is disabled. The oscillator of the AT43USB351M is a special, low-drive type, designed to work with most crystals without any external components. The crystal must be of the parallel resonance type requiring a load capacitance of about 10 pF. If the crystal requires a higher value capacitance, external capacitors can be added to the two terminals of the crystal and ground to meet the required value. To assure quick start-up, a crystal with a high Q, or low ESR, should be used. If the AT43USB351M is to operate in full-speed USB mode, the crystal should have an accuracy and stability of better than 100 PPM. The use of a ceramic resonator in place of the crystal is not recommended for full-speed USB, because a resonator would not have the necessary frequency accuracy and stability. The clock can also be externally sourced. In this case, connect the clock source to the XTAL1 pin, while leaving XTAL2 pin floating. The switching level at the OSC1 pin can be as low as 0.47V and a CMOS device is required to drive this pin to maintain good noise margins at the low switching level. For proper operation of the PLL, an external RC filter consisting of a series RC network of 100Ω and 0.1 µF in parallel with a 0.01 µF capacitor must be connected from the LFT pin to VSS. Use only high-quality ceramic capacitors. 18 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Figure 5. Oscillator and PLL U1 XTAL1 Y1 6.000 MHz XTAL2 AT43USB351M R1 100 LFT C1 0.22 UF Reset and Interrupt Handling C2 0.01 UF The AT43USB351M provides 20 different interrupt sources with 11 separate reset vectors, each with a separate program vector in the program memory space. Eleven of the interrupt sources share 2 interrupt reset vectors. These 11 are the USB related interrupts. All interrupts are assigned individual enable bits which must be set (one) together with the I-bit in the status register in order to enable the interrupt. The lowest addresses in the program memory space are automatically defined as the Reset and Interrupt vectors. The complete list of vectors is shown in Table 7. The list also determines the priority levels of the different interrupts. The lower the address, the higher is the priority level. RESET has the highest priority, and next is INT0 – the USB Suspend and Resume Interrupt, etc. Table 7. Reset and Interrupt Vectors Vector No. Program Address Source Interrupt Definition 1 $000 RESET External Reset, Power-on Reset and Watchdog Reset 2 $002 INT0 USB Suspend and Resume 3 $004 INT1 External Interrupt Request 1 4 $006 TIMER1 CAPT Timer/Counter1 Capture Event 5 $008 TIMER1 COMPA Timer/Counter1 Compare Match A 6 $00A TIMER1 COMPB Timer/Counter1 Compare Match B 7 $00C TIMER1, OVF Timer/Counter1 Overflow 8 $00E TIMER0, OVF Timer/Counter0 Overflow 9 $010 SPI, STC SPI Serial Transfer Complete 12 $016 ADC ADC Conversion Complete 13 $018 USB HW USB Hardware 19 3302E–USB–7/04 The most typical and general program setup for the Reset and Interrupt Vector Addresses are: Address Labels Code Comments $000 jmp RESET ; Reset Handler $004 jmp EXT_INT1 ; IRQ1 Handler $00E jmp TIM0_OVF ; Timer0 Overflow Handler $018 jmp USB_HW ; USB Handler ; $00d MAIN: ldi r16, high (RAMEND) ; Main Program start $00e out SPH, r16 $00f ldi r16, low (RAMEND) $010 out SPL, r16 $011 <instr> xxx ... ... ... ... USB related interrupt events are routed to reset vectors 13 and 2 through a separate set of interrupt, interrupt enable and interrupt mask registers that are mapped to the data SRAM space. These interrupts must be enabled though their control register bits. In the event an interrupt is generated, the source of the interrupt is identified by reading the interrupt registers. The USB frame and transaction related interrupt events, such as Start of Frame interrupt, are grouped in one set of registers: USB Interrupt Flag Register, USB Interrupt Enable Register and USB Interrupt Mask Register. The USB Bus reset and suspend/resume are grouped in another set of registers: Suspend/Resume Register, Suspend/Resume Interrupt Enable Register and Suspend/Resume Interrupt Mask Register. 20 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Figure 6. AT43USB351M Interrupt Structure USB Interrupt Flag Register USB Interrupt Enable Register Microcontroller Interrupt Logic USB Interrupt Mask Register SOF USB 13 FEP4 ADC FEP3 12 FEP2 FEP1 SPI STC FEP0 TIMER0 OVF 9 8 TIMER1 OVF RESERVED 7 RESERVED TIMER1 COMPB 6 TIMER1 COMPA Suspend/Resume Register Suspend/Resume Interrupt Enable Register Suspend/Resume Interrupt Mask TIMER1CAPT Register FRMWUP INT1 RSM INT0 5 4 3 2 GLB SUSP RESET 1 BUS RESET Reset Sources The AT43USB351M has four sources of reset: • Power-on Reset – The MCU is reset when the supply voltage is below the power-on reset threshold. • External Reset – The MCU is reset when a low level is present on the RESETN pin for more than 50 ns. • Watchdog Reset – The MCU is reset when the watchdog timer period expires and the watchdog is enabled. • USB Reset – The AT43USB351M has a feature to separate the USB and microcontroller resets. This feature is enabled by setting the BUS INT EN, bit 3 of the SPRSIE register. A USB bus reset is defined as a SE0 (single ended zero) of at least 4 slow speed USB clock cycles received by Port0. The internal reset pulse to the USB hardware and microcontroller lasts for 24 oscillator periods. – Resets not separated: A USB bus reset will also reset the microcontroller. – Separated reset: A USB bus reset will only reset the USB hardware, while an interrupt to the microcontroller will be generated if the BUS INT MSK bit, bit 3 of SPRSMSK register, is also set. 21 3302E–USB–7/04 When the USB hardware is reset, the USB device is de-configured and has to be re-enumerated by the host. When the microcontroller is reset, all I/O registers are then set to their initial values, and the program starts execution from address $000. The instruction placed in address $000 must be a JMP instruction to the reset handling routine. If the program never enables an interrupt source, the interrupt vectors are not used, and regular program code can be placed at these locations. The circuit diagram in Figure 7 shows the reset logic. Figure 7. Reset Logic USB Reset VCC POR Ckt OR RSTN S ON Reset Ckt Cntr Reset Watchdog Timer FSTRT 1 MHz Clock Divider Power-on Reset 14-bit Cntr R A Power-on Reset (POR) circuit ensures that the device is reset from power-on. An internal timer clocked from the Watchdog timer oscillator prevents the MCU from starting until after a certain period after VCC has reached the power-on threshold voltage, regardless of the VCC rise time. If the build-in start-up delay is sufficient, RESET can be connected to VCC directly or via an external pull-up resistor. By holding the pin low for a period after VCC has been applied, the Power-on Reset period can be extended. 22 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M External Reset An external reset is generated by a low-level on the RESET pin. Reset pulses longer than 200 ns will generate a reset. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a reset. When the applied signal reaches the Reset Threshold Voltage - VRST on its positive edge, the delay timer starts the MCU after the Time-out period tTOUT has expired. Figure 8. External Reset During Operation VCC RESET VRST tTOUT TIME-OUT INTERNAL RESET Watchdog Timer Reset When the watchdog times out, it will generate a short reset pulse of 1 XTAL cycle duration. On the falling edge of this pulse, the delay timer starts counting the Time-out period tTOUT. Figure 9. Watchdog Reset During Operation VCC RESET 1 XTAL Cycle WDT TIME-OUT tTOUT RESET TIME-OUT INTERNAL RESET Non-USB Related Interrupt Handling The AT43USB351M has two non-USB 8-bit Interrupt Mask control registers; GIMSK (General Interrupt Mask Register) and TIMSK (Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register). When an interrupt occurs, the Global Interrupt Enable I-bit is cleared (zero) and all interrupts are disabled. The user software can set (one) the I-bit to enable nested interrupts. The I-bit is set (one) when a Return from Interrupt instruction, RETI, is executed. For Interrupts triggered by events that can remain static (e.g. the Output Compare register1 matching the value of Timer/Counter1) the interrupt flag is set when the event occurs. If the interrupt flag is cleared and the interrupt condition persists, the flag will not be set until the event occurs the next time. When the Program Counter is vectored to the actual interrupt vector in order to execute the interrupt handling routine, hard-ware clears the corresponding flag that generated the interrupt. Some of the interrupt flags can also be cleared by writing a logic one to the flag bit position(s) to be cleared. 23 3302E–USB–7/04 If an interrupt condition occurs when the corresponding interrupt enable bit is cleared (zero), the interrupt flag will be set and remembered until the interrupt is enabled, or the flag is cleared by software. If one or more interrupt conditions occur when the global interrupt enable bit is cleared (zero), the corresponding interrupt flag(s) will be set and remembered until the global interrupt enable bit is set (one), and will be executed by order of priority. Note that external level interrupt does not have a flag, and will only be remembered for as long as the interrupt condition is active. 24 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M General Interrupt Mask Register – GIMSK Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $3B ($5B) INT1 INT0 – – – – – – Read/Write R/W R/W R R R R R R Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 GIMSK • Bit 7 – INT1: External Interrupt Request 1 Enable When the INT1 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register (SREG) is set (one), the external pin interrupt is enabled. The Interrupt Sense Control1 bits 1/0 (ISC11 and ISC10) in the MCU general Control Register (MCUCR) defines whether the external interrupt is activated on rising or falling edge of the INT1 pin or level sensed. Activity on the pin will cause an interrupt request even if INT1 is configured as an output. The corresponding interrupt of External Interrupt Request 1 is executed from program memory address $004. See also “External Interrupts” on page 28. • Bit 6 – INT0: Interrupt Request 0 (Suspend/Resume Interrupt) Enable When the INT0 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register (SREG) is set (one), the external pin interrupt is enabled. The Interrupt Sense Control0 bits 1/0 (ISC01 and ISC00) in the MCU general Control Register (MCUCR) defines whether the external interrupt is activated on rising or falling edge of the INT0 pin or level sensed. Activity on the pin will cause an interrupt request even if INT0 is configured as an output. The corresponding interrupt of Interrupt Request 0 is executed from program memory address $002. See also “External Interrupts” on page 28. • Bits 5..0 – Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved bits in the AT43USB351M and always read as zero. General Interrupt Flag Register – GIFR Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $3A ($5A) INTF1 INT F0 – – – – – – Read/Write R/W R/W R R R R R R Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 GIFR • Bit 7 – INTF1: External Interrupt Flag1 When an event on the INT1 pin triggers an interrupt request, INTF1 becomes set (one). If the I-bit in SREG and the INT1 bit in GIMSK are set (one), the MCU will jump to the interrupt vector at address $004. The flag is cleared when the interrupt routine is executed. Alternatively, the flag can be cleared by writing a logical one to it. • Bit 6 – INTF0: Interrupt Flag0 (Suspend/Resume Interrupt Flag) When an event on the INT0 (that is, a USB event-related interrupt) triggers an interrupt request, INTF0 becomes set (one). If the I-bit in SREG and the INT0 bit in GIMSK are set (one), the MCU will jump to the interrupt vector at address $002. The flag is cleared when the interrupt routine is executed. Alternatively, the flag can be cleared by writing a logical one to it. • Bits 5..0 – Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved bits in the AT43USB351M and always read as zero. 25 3302E–USB–7/04 Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register – TIMSK Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $39 ($59) TOIE1 OCIE1A OCIE1NB – TICIE1 – TOIE0 – Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R R/W R R/W R Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TIMSK • Bit 7 – TOIE1: Timer/Counter1 Overflow Interrupt Enable When the TOIE1 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the Timer/Counter1 Overflow interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt (at vector $006) is executed if an overflow in Timer/Counter1 occurs, i.e., when the TOV1 bit is set in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register (TIFR). • Bit 6 – OCE1A: Timer/Counter1 Output CompareA Match Interrupt Enable When the OCIE1A bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the Timer/Counter1 CompareA Match interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt (at vector $004) is executed if a CompareA match in Timer/Counter1 occurs, i.e., when the OCF1A bit is set in the TIFR. • Bit 5 – OCIE1B: Timer/Counter1 Output CompareB Match Interrupt Enable When the OCIE1B bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the Timer/Counter1 CompareB Match interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt (at vector $005) is executed if a CompareB match in Timer/Counter1 occurs, i.e., when the OCF1B bit is set in the TIFR. • Bit 4 – Res: Reserved Bit This bit is a reserved bit in the AT43USB351M and always reads zero. • Bit 3 – TICIE1: Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Interrupt Enable When the TICIE1 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Event Interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt (at vector $003) is executed if a capture-triggering event occurs on pin 45, ICP, i.e., when the ICF1 bit is set in the TIFR. • Bit 2 – Res: Reserved Bit This bit is a reserved bit in the AT43USB351M and always reads zero. • Bit 1 – TOIE0: Timer/Counter0 Overflow Interrupt Enable When the TOIE0 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the Timer/Counter0 Overflow interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt (at vector $007) is executed if an overflow in Timer/Counter0 occurs, i.e., when the TOV0 bit is set in the TIFR. • Bit 0 – Res: Reserved Bit This bit is a reserved bit in the AT43USB351M and always reads zero. 26 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register – TIFR Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $38 ($58) TOV1 OCF1A OCIFB – ICF1 – TOV0 – Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R R/W R R/W R Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TIFR • Bit 7 – TOV1: Timer/Counter1 Overflow Flag The TOV1 is set (one) when an overflow occurs in Timer/Counter1. TOV1 is cleared by the hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, TOV1 is cleared by writing a logic one to the flag. When the I-bit in SREG, and TOIE1 (Timer/Counter1 Overflow Interrupt Enable), and TOV1 are set (one), the Timer/Counter1 Overflow Interrupt is executed. In PWM mode, this bit is set when Timer/Counter1 changes counting direction at $0000. • Bit 6 – OCF1A: Output Compare Flag 1A The OCF1A bit is set (one) when compare match occurs between the Timer/Counter1 and the data in OCR1A - Output Compare Register 1A. OCF1A is cleared by the hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, OCF1A is cleared by writing a logic one to the flag. When the I-bit in SREG, and OCIE1A (Timer/Counter1 Compare match InterruptA Enable), and the OCF1A are set (one), the Timer/Counter1 Compare A match Interrupt is executed. • Bit 5 – OCF1B: Output Compare Flag 1B The OCF1B bit is set (one) when compare match occurs between the Timer/Counter1 and the data in OCR1B - Output Compare Register 1B. OCF1B is cleared by the hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, OCF1B is cleared by writing a logic one to the flag. When the I-bit in SREG, and OCIE1B (Timer/Counter1 Compare match InterruptB Enable), and the OCF1B are set (one), the Timer/Counter1 Compare B match Interrupt is executed. • Bit 4 – Res: Reserved Bit This bit is a reserved bit in the AT43USB351M and always reads zero. • Bit 3 – ICF1: - Input Capture Flag 1 The ICF1 bit is set (one) to flag an input capture event, indicating that the Timer/Counter1 value has been transferred to the input capture register - ICR1. ICF1 is cleared by the hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, ICF1 is cleared by writing a logic one to the flag. When the SREG I-bit, and TICIE1 (Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Interrupt Enable), and ICF1 are set (one), the Timer/Counter1 Capture Interrupt is executed. • Bit 2 – Res: Reserved Bit This bit is a reserved bit in the AT43USB351M and always reads zero. • Bit 1 – TOV: Timer/Counter0 Overflow Flag The bit TOV0 is set (one) when an overflow occurs in Timer/Counter0. TOV0 is cleared by the hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, TOV0 is cleared by writing a logic one to the flag. When the SREG I- bit, and TOIE0 (Timer/Counter0 Overflow Interrupt Enable), and TOV0 are set (one), the Timer/Counter0 Overflow interrupt is executed. • Bit 0 – Res: Reserved Bit This bit is a reserved bit in the AT43USB351M and always reads zero. 27 3302E–USB–7/04 External Interrupts The external interrupts are triggered by the INT0/INT1 pins. Observe that, if enabled, the INT0/INT1 interrupts will trigger even if the INT0/INT1 pins are configured as outputs. This feature provides a way of generating a software interrupt. The external interrupts can be triggered by a falling or rising edge or a low level. This is set up as indicated in the specification for the MCU Control Register (MCUCR) and the Interrupt Sense Control Register (ISCR). When INT0/INT1 is enabled and is configured as level triggered, the interrupt will trigger as long as the pin is held low. INT0/INT1 is set up as described in the specification for the MCU Control Register (MCUCR). Interrupt Response Time The interrupt execution response for all the enabled AVR interrupts is 4 clock cycles minimum. 4 clock cycles after the interrupt flag has been set, the program vector address for the actual interrupt handling routine is executed. During this 4 clock cycle period, the Program Counter (2 bytes) is pushed onto the Stack, and the Stack Pointer is decremented by 2. The vector is normally a jump to the interrupt routine, and this jump takes 3 clock cycles. If an interrupt occurs during execution of a multi-cycle instruction, this instruction is completed before the interrupt is served. A return from an interrupt handling routine (same as for a subroutine call routine) takes 4 clock cycles. During these 4 clock cycles, the Program Counter (2 bytes) is popped back from the Stack, the Stack Pointer is incremented by 2, and the I flag in SREG is set. When the AVR exits from an interrupt, it will always return to the main program and execute one more instruction before any pending interrupt is served. 28 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M MCU Control Register – MCUCR Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $35 ($55) – – SE SM ISC11 ISC10 ISC01 ISC00 Read/Write R R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MCUCR • Bit 7, 6 – Res: Reserved Bits • Bit 5 – SE: Sleep Enable The SE bit must be set (1) to make the MCU enter the sleep mode when the SLEEP instruction is executed. To avoid the MCU entering the sleep mode, unless it is the programmer's purpose, it is recommended to set the Sleep Enable SE bit just before the execution of the SLEEP instruction. • Bit 4 – SM: Sleep Mode This bit selects between the two available sleep modes. When SM is cleared (zero), Idle Mode is selected as Sleep Mode. When SM is set (1), Power Down mode is selected as sleep mode. The AT43USB351M does not support the Idle Mode and SM should always be set to one when entering the Sleep Mode. • Bit 3, 2 – ISC11, ISC10: Interrupt Sense Control 1 Bit 1 and Bit 0 The External Interrupt 1 is activated by the external pin INT1 if the SREG I-flag and the corresponding interrupt mask in the GIMSK is set. The level and edges on the external INT1 pin that activate the interrupt are defined in the following table: Table 8. INT1 Sense Control ISC11 ISC10 Description 0 0 The low level of INT1 generates an interrupt request. 0 1 Reserved. 1 0 The falling edge of INT1 generates an interrupt request. 1 1 The rising edge of INT1 generates an interrupt request. • Bit 1, 0 – ISC01, ISC00: Interrupt Sense Control 0 bit 1 and bit 0 The External Interrupt 0 is activated by the external pin INT0 if the SREG I-flag and the corresponding interrupt mask in the GIMSK is set. The level and edges on the external INT0 pin that activate the interrupt are defined in Table 9. Table 9. INT0 Sense Control ISC01 ISC00 Description 0 0 The low level of INT0 generates an interrupt request. 0 1 Reserved. 1 0 The falling edge of INT0 generates an interrupt request. 1 1 The rising edge of INT0 generates an interrupt request. 29 3302E–USB–7/04 USB Interrupt Sources The USB interrupts are described below. Table 10. USB Interrupt Sources Interrupt Description SOF Received Whenever USB hardware decodes a valid Start of Frame. The frame number is stored in the two Frame Number Registers. Function EP0 Interrupt See “Control Transfers at Control Endpoint EP0” on page 72 for details. Function EP1 Interrupt For an OUT endpoint it indicates that Function Endpoint 1 has received a valid OUT packet and that the data is in the FIFO. For an IN endpoint it means that the endpoint has received an IN token, sent out the data in the FIFO and received an ACK from the Host. The FIFO is now ready to be written by new data from the microcontroller. Function EP2 Interrupt For an OUT endpoint it indicates that Function Endpoint 2 has received a valid OUT packet and that the data is in the FIFO. For an IN endpoint it means that the endpoint has received an IN token, sent out the data in the FIFO and received an ACK from the Host. The FIFO is now ready to be written by new data from the microcontroller. Function EP3 Interrupt For an OUT endpoint it indicates that Function Endpoint 3 has received a valid OUT packet and that the data is in the FIFO. For an IN endpoint it means that the endpoint has received an IN token, sent out the data in the FIFO and received an ACK from the Host. The FIFO is now ready to be written by new data from the microcontroller. Function EP4 Interrupt For an OUT endpoint it indicates that Function Endpoint 4 has received a valid OUT packet and that the data is in the FIFO. For an IN endpoint it means that the endpoint has received an IN token, sent out the data in the FIFO and received an ACK from the Host. The FIFO is now ready to be written by new data from the microcontroller. FRWUP USB hardware has received a embedded function remote wakeup request. GLB SUSP USB hardware has received global suspend signaling and is preparing to put the hub in the suspend mode. The microcontroller's firmware should place the embedded function in the suspend state. RSM USB hardware received resume signaling and is propagating the resume signaling. The microcontroller's firmware should take the embedded function out of the suspended state. BUS RESET USB hardware received a USB bus reset. This applies only in cases where a separation between USB bus reset and microcontroller reset is required. Be very careful when using this feature. All interrupts have individual enable, status, and mask bits through the interrupt enable register and interrupt mask register. The Suspend and Resume interrupts are cleared by writing a 0 to the particular interrupt bit. All other interrupts are cleared when the microcontroller sets a bit in an interrupt acknowledge register. 30 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M USB Endpoint Interrupt Sources An assertion or activation of one or more bits in the endpoint's Control and Status Register triggers the endpoint interrupts. These triggers are different for control and non-control endpoints as described in the table below. Please refer to the Control and Status Register for more information. Table 11. USB Endpoint Interrupt Sources Bit Endpoint type RX_OUT_PACKET CONTROL, OUT TX_COMPLETE CONTROL, IN STALL_SENT CONTROL, IN RX_SETUP CONTROL USB Interrupt Status Register – UISR Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $1FF7 SOF INT – – FE4 INT FE3 INT FE2 INT FE1 INT FE0 INT Read/Write R R R R R R R R Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 UISR • Bit 7 – SOF INT: Start of Frame Interrupt This bit is asserted after the USB hardware receives a valid SOF packet. • Bit 6, 5 – Res: Reserved Bit These bits are reserved and always read as zero. • Bit 4 – FEP4 INT: Function Endpoint 4 Interrupt • Bit 3 – FEP3 INT: Function Endpoint 3 Interrupt • Bit 2 – FEP2 INT: Function Endpoint 2 Interrupt • Bit 1 – FEP1 INT: Function Endpoint 1 Interrupt • Bit 0 – FEP0 INT: Function Endpoint 0 Interrupt The hub and function interrupt bits will be set by the hardware whenever the following bits in the corresponding endpoint's Control and Status Register are modified by the USB hardware: 1. RX OUT Packet is set (control and OUT endpoints) 2. TX Packet Ready is cleared AND TX Complete is set (control and IN endpoints) 3. RX SETUP is set (control endpoints only) 4. TX Complete is set 31 3302E–USB–7/04 USB Interrupt Mask Register – UIMSKR Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $1FF6 SOF IMSK – – FEP4 IMSK FEP3 IMSK FEP2 IMSK FEP1 IMSK FEP0 IMSK Read/Write R/W R R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 UIMSKR • Bit 7 – SOF IMSK: Enable Start of Frame Interrupt Mask When the SOF IMSK bit is set (1), the Start of Frame Interrupt is masked. • Bit 6, 5 – Res: Reserved bit These bits are reserved and always read as zero. • Bit 4 – FEP4 IMSK: Enable Function Endpoint 4 Interrupt When the FE4 IMSK bit is set (1), the Function Endpoint 4 Interrupt is masked. • Bit 3 – FEP3 IMSK: Function Endpoint 3 Interrupt When the FEP3 IMSK bit is set (1), the Function Endpoint 3 Interrupt is masked. • Bit 2 – FEP2 IMSK: Enable Endpoint 2 Interrupt When the FE2 IMSK bit is set (1), the Function Endpoint 2 Interrupt is masked. • Bit 1 – FEP1 IMSK: Enable Endpoint 1 Interrupt When the FE1 IMSK bit is set (1), the Function Endpoint 1 Interrupt is masked. • Bit 0 – FEP0 IMSK: Enable Endpoint 0 Interrupt When the FE0 IMSK bit is set (1), the Function Endpoint 0 Interrupt is masked. 32 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M USB Interrupt Acknowledge Register – UIAR Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $1FF5 SOF INTACK – – FEP4 INTACK FEP3 INTACK FEP2 IMSK FEP1 INTACK FEP0 INTACK Read/Write W R R W W W W W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 UIAR • Bit 7 – SOF INTACK: Start of Frame Interrupt Acknowledge The microcontroller firmware writes a 1 to this bit to clear the SOF INT bit. • Bit 6, 5 – Res: Reserved bit These bits are reserved and are always read as zero. • Bit 4 – FEP4 INTACK: Function Endpoint 4 Interrupt Acknowledge The microcontroller firmware writes a 1 to this bit to clear the FEP4 INT bit. • Bit 3 – FEP3 INTACK: Function Endpoint 3 Interrupt Acknowledge The microcontroller firmware writes a 1 to this bit to clear the FEP3 INT bit. • Bit 2 – FEP2 INTACK: Function Endpoint 2 Interrupt Acknowledge The microcontroller firmware writes a 1 to this bit to clear the FEP2 bit. • Bit 1 – FEP1 INTACK: Function Endpoint 1 Interrupt Acknowledge The microcontroller firmware writes a 1 to this bit to clear the FEP1 bit. • Bit 0 – FEP0 INTACK: Function Endpoint 0 Interrupt Acknowledge The microcontroller firmware writes a 1 to this bit to clear the FEP0 INT bit. 33 3302E–USB–7/04 USB Interrupt Enable Register – UIER Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $1FF3 SOF IE – – FEP4 IE FEP3 IE FEP2 IE FEP1 IE FEP0 IE Read/Write R/W R R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 UIER • Bit 7 – SOF IE: Enable Start of Frame Interrupt When the SOF IE bit is set (1), the Start of Frame Interrupt is enabled. • Bit 6, 5 – Res: Reserved bits These bits are reserved and always read as zero. • Bit 4 – FEP4 IE: Enable Function Endpoint 4 Interrupt When the FE4 IE bit is set (1), the Function Endpoint 4 Interrupt is enabled. • Bit 3 – FEP3 IE: Function Endpoint 3 Interrupt When the FEP3 IE bit is set (1), the Function Endpoint 3 Interrupt is enabled. • Bit 2 – FEP2 IE: Enable Endpoint 2 Interrupt When the FE2 IE bit is set (1), the Function Endpoint 2 Interrupt is enabled. • Bit 1 – FEP1 IE: Enable Endpoint 1 Interrupt When the FE1 IE bit is set (1), the Function Endpoint 1 Interrupt is enabled. • Bit 0 – FEP0 IE: Enable Endpoint 0 Interrupt When the FE0 IE bit is set (1), the Function Endpoint 0 Interrupt is enabled. Suspend/Resume Register – SPRSR Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $1FFA – – – – BUS INT FRWUP RSM GLB SUSP Read/Write R R R R R/W R R R Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SPRSR • Bit 7..4 – Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved and are always read as zeros. • Bit 3 – BUS INT: USB Bus Interrupt When the USB reset separation feature is enabled (SPRSIE and SPRSMSK bits 3 are set to 1) the BUS INT bit is set when USB bus reset is detected by the USB hardware. • Bit 2 – FRWUP: Function Remote Wakeup The USB hardware sets this bit to signal that External Interrupt 1 is detected indicating remote wakeup. An interrupt is generated if the FRWUP IE bit of the SPRSIE register is set. • Bit 1 – RSM: Resume The USB hardware sets this bit when a USB resume signaling is detected at any of its port except Port 1. An interrupt is generated if the RSM IE bit of the SPRSIE register is set. • Bit 0 – GLB SUSP: Global Suspend The USB hardware sets this bit when a USB global suspend signaling is detected. An interrupt is generated if the GLBSUSP IE bit of the SPRSIE register is set. 34 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Suspend/Resume Interrupt Enable Register – SPRSIE Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $1FF9 – – – – BUS INT FRWUP RSM GLB SUSP Read/Write R R R R R/W R R R Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SPRSIE • Bit 7..4 – Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved and are always read as zeros. • Bit 3 – BUS INT EN: USB Reset Interrupt Enable When the BUS INT EN bit is set, the USB and microcontroller resets are separated. A USB bus reset will reset the USB hardware only and not the microcontroller. However, an interrupt to the microcontroller will be generated and bit 3 of SPRSR is set. • Bit 2 – FRWUP IE: Function Remote Wakeup Interrupt Enable Setting the FRWUP IE bit will initiate an interrupt whenever the FRWUP bit of SPRSR is set. • Bit 1 – RSM IE: Resume Interrupt Enable Setting the RSM IE bit will initiate an interrupt whenever the RSM bit of SPRSR is set. • Bit 0 – GLB SUSP IE: Global Suspend Interrupt Enable Setting the GLB SUSP IE bit will initiate an interrupt whenever the GLB SUSP bit of SPRSR is set. Suspend/Resume Interrupt Mask Register – SPRSMSK Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $1FF8 – – – – BUS INT MSK FRWUP MSK RSM GLB SUSP Read/Write R R R R W W W W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SPRSMSK The bits of the Suspend/Resume Mask Register are used to make an interrupt caused by an event in the Suspend/Resume Register visible to the microcontroller. The Suspend/Resume Interrupt Enable Register bits enable the interrupt while the Suspend/Resume Interrupt Mask Register allows the microcontroller to control when it wants visibility to an interrupt. 1 = Enable Mask, 0 = Disable Mask. • Bit 7..4 – Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved and are always read as zeros. • Bit 3 – BUS INT MSK: USB Reset Interrupt Mask • Bit 2 – FRWUP MSK: Function Remote Wakeup Interrupt Mask • Bit 1 – RSM MSK: Resume Interrupt Mask • Bit 0 – GLB SUSP MSK: Global Suspend Interrupt Enable 35 3302E–USB–7/04 AVR Register Set Status Register and Stack Pointer Status Register – SREG Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $3F ($5F) I T H S V N Z C Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SREG • Bit 7 – I: Global Interrupt Enable The global interrupt enable bit must be set (one) for the interrupts to be enabled. The individual interrupt enable control is then performed in separate control registers. If the global interrupt enable bit is cleared (zero), none of the interrupts are enabled independent of the individual interrupt enable settings. The I-bit is cleared by the hardware after an interrupt has occurred, and is set by the RETI instruction to enable subsequent interrupts. • Bit 6 – T: Bit Copy Storage The bit copy instructions BLD (Bit LoaD) and BST (Bit STore) use the T bit as source and destination for the operated bit. A bit from a register in the register file can be copied into T by the BST instruction, and a bit in T can be copied into a bit in a register in the register file by the BLD instruction. • Bit 5 – H: Half Carry Flag The half carry flag H indicates a half carry in some arithmetic operations. See the Instruction Set Description for detailed information. • Bit 4 – S: Sign Bit, S = N⊕V The S-bit is always an exclusive or between the negative flag N and the two's complement overflow flag V. See the Instruction Set Description for detailed information. • Bit 3 – V: Two's Complement Overflow Flag The two's complement overflow flag V supports two's complement arithmetics. See the Instruction Set Description for detailed information. • Bit 2 – N: Negative Flag The negative flag N indicates a negative result after the different arithmetic and logic operations. See the Instruction Set Description for detailed information. • Bit 1 – Z: Zero Flag The zero flag Z indicates a zero result after the different arithmetic and logic operations. See the Instruction Set Description for detailed information. • Bit 0 – C: Carry Flag The carry flag C indicates a carry in an arithmetic or logic operation. See the Instruction Set Description for detailed information. Note that the status register is not automatically stored when entering an interrupt routine and restored when returning from an interrupt routine. This must be handled by software. 36 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Stack Pointer Register – SP Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 $3E ($5E) I T H S V N Z C SPH $3D ($5D) SP7 SP6 SP5 SP4 SP3 SP2 SP1 SP0 SPL 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Read/Write Initial Value The Stack Pointer points to the data SRAM stack area where the Subroutine and Interrupt Stacks are located. This Stack space in the data SRAM must be defined by the program before any subroutine calls are executed or interrupts are enabled. The stack pointer must be set to point above $60. The Stack Pointer is decremented by one when data is pushed onto the Stack with the PUSH instruction, and it is decremented by two when an address is pushed onto the Stack with subroutine calls and interrupts. The Stack Pointer is incremented by one when data is popped from the Stack with the POP instruction and it is incremented by two when an address is popped from the Stack with return from subroutine RET or return from interrupt RETI. Sleep Modes To enter the sleep modes, the SE bit in MCUCR must be set (one) and a SLEEP instruction must be executed. If an enabled interrupt occurs while the MCU is in a sleep mode, the MCU awakes, executes the interrupt routine, and resumes execution from the instruction following SLEEP. The contents of the register file, SRAM and I/O memory are unaltered. If a reset occurs during sleep mode, the MCU wakes up and executes from the Reset vector. Power Down Mode When the SM bit is set (one), the SLEEP instruction forces the MCU into the Power Down Mode. In this mode, the external oscillator is stopped, while the external interrupts continue operating. Only an external reset, an external level interrupt on INT0 or INT1, can wake up the MCU. Note that when a level triggered interrupt is used for wake-up from power down, the low level must be held for a time longer than the reset delay time-out period tTOUT. Otherwise, the MCU will fail to wake up. 37 3302E–USB–7/04 Timer/Counters The AT43USB351M provides two general-purpose Timer/Counters - one 8-bit T/C and one 16-bit T/C. The Timer/Counters have individual prescaling selection from the same 10-bit prescaling timer. Both Timer/Counters can either be used as a timer with an internal clock timebase or as a counter with an external pin connection which triggers the counting. Timer/Counter Prescaler The four different prescaled selections are: CK/8, CK/64, CK/256 and CK/1024 where CK is the oscillator clock. For the two Timer/Counters, added selections as CK, external source and stop, can be selected as clock sources. Note: When the AT43USB351M MCU is operating at 24 MHz, the MCU clock frequency is halved before it is used in the Timer/Counter Prescaler circuit. The source clock for the Timer/Counter is always 12 MHz. Figure 10. Timer/Counter Prescaler CK CK/1024 CK/256 CK/64 CK/8 10-bit T/C Prescaler T0 T1 0 0 CS10 CS00 CS01 CS02 CS11 CS12 Timer/Counter1 Clock Source TCK1 38 Timer/Counter0 Clock Source TCK0 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M 8-bit Timer/Counter0 The 8-bit Timer/Counter0 can select clock source from CK, prescaled CK or an external pin. In addition it can be stopped as described in the specification for the Timer/Counter0 Control Register (TCCR0). The overflow status flag is found in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register (TIFR). Control signals are found in the Timer/Counter0 Control Register (TCCR0). The interrupt enable/disable settings for Timer/Counter0 are found in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register - TIMSK. When Timer/Counter0 is externally clocked, the external signal is synchronized with the oscillator frequency of the CPU. To assure proper sampling of the external clock, the minimum time between two external clock transitions must be at least one internal CPU clock period. The external clock signal is sampled on the rising edge of the internal CPU clock. The 8-bit Timer/Counter0 features both a high resolution and a high accuracy usage with the lower prescaling opportunities. Similarly, the high prescaling opportunities make the Timer/Counter0 useful for lower speed functions or exact timing functions with infrequent actions. Figure 11. Timer/Counter0 Block Diagram TOV0 TOIE0 7 0 Timer/Counter0 (TCNT0) T/C Clock Source Control Logic CS00 CS01 CS02 T/C0 Control Register (TCCR0) TOV0 ICF1 Timer Int. Flag Register (TIFR) TOV1 OCF1A Timer Int. Mask Register (TIMSK) OCF1B TICIE1 OICIE1B TOIE1 OICIE1A 8-bit Data Bus T/C0 Overflow IRQ CK T0 39 3302E–USB–7/04 Timer/Counter0 Control Register – TCCR0 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $33 ($53) – – – – – CS02 CS01 CS00 Read/Write R R R R R R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TCCR0 • Bits 7..3 – Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved bits in the AT43USB351M and always read as zero. • Bits 2, 1, 0 – CS02, CS01, CS00: Clock Select0, bit 2, 1 and 0 The Clock Select0 bits 2, 1 and 0 define the prescaling source of Timer/Counter0. Table 12. Clock 0 Prescale Select CS02 CS01 CS00 Description 0 0 0 Stop, the Timer/Counter0 is stopped 0 0 1 CK 0 1 0 CK/8 0 1 1 CK/64 1 0 0 CK/256 1 0 1 CK/1024 1 1 0 External Pin T0, falling edge 1 1 1 External Pin T0, rising edge The Stop condition provides a Timer Enable/Disable function. The CK down divided modes are scaled directly from the CK oscillator clock. If the external pin modes are used for Timer/Counter0, transitions on PB0/(T0) will clock the counter even if the pin is configured as an output. This feature can give the user SW control of the counting. Timer/Counter0 – TCNT0 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $32 ($52) MSB – – – – – – LSB Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TCNT0 The Timer/Counter0 is realized as an up-counter with read and write access. If the Timer/Counter0 is written and a clock source is present, the Timer/Counter0 continues counting in the clock cycle following the write operation. 40 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M 16-bit Timer/Counter1 Figure 12. Timer/Counter1 Block Diagram 8 TOV0 CS10 CS11 CS12 CTC1 ICNC1 ICES1 T/C1 CONTROL REGISTER B (TCCR1B) PWM10 PWM11 COM1B0 COM1A1 COM1B1 ICF1 ICF1 OCF1B OCF1A T/C1INPUT CAPTURE IRQ T/C1 CONTROL REGISTER A (TCCR1A) TIMER INT. FLAG REGISTER (TIFR) TOV1 15 T/C1 COMPARE MATCHB IRQ COM1A0 TIMER INT. MASK REGISTER (TIMSK) OCF1B TOV1 OCF1A T/C1 COMPARE MATCHA IRQ TOIE0 TICIE1 OCIE1B TOIE1 OCIE1A 8-BIT DATA BUS T/C1 OVERFLOW IRQ 0 7 T/C1 INPUT CAPTURE REGISTER (ICR1) CK CONTROL LOGIC T1 CAPTURE TRIGGER 15 8 7 0 TIMER/COUNTER1 (TCNT1) 15 8 7 0 15 16-BIT COMPARATOR 15 8 7 TIMER/COUNTER1 OUTPUT COMPARE REGISTER A 8 7 0 16-BIT COMPARATOR 0 15 8 7 0 TIMER/COUNTER1 OUTPUT COMPARE REGISTER B 41 3302E–USB–7/04 16-bit Timer/Counter1 Operation The 16-bit Timer/Counter1 can select clock source from CK, prescaled CK or an external pin. In addition, it can be stopped as described in the specification for the Timer/Counter1 Control Registers (TCCR1A and TCCR1B). The different status flags (overflow, compare match and capture event) are found in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register (TIFR). Control signals are found in the Timer/Counter1 Control Registers (TCCR1A and TCCR1B). The interrupt enable/disable settings for Timer/Counter1 are found in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register (TIMSK). When Timer/Counter1 is externally clocked, the external signal is synchronized with the oscillator frequency of the CPU. To assure proper sampling of the external clock, the minimum time between two external clock transitions must be at least one internal CPU clock period. The external clock signal is sampled on the rising edge of the internal CPU clock. The 16-bit Timer/Counter1 features both a high resolution and a high accuracy usage with the lower prescaling opportunities. Similarly, the high prescaling opportunities makes the Timer/Counter1 useful for lower speed functions or exact timing functions with infrequent actions. The Timer/Counter1 supports two Output Compare functions using the Output Compare Register 1 A and B (OCR1A and OCR1B) as the data sources to be compared to the Timer/Counter1 contents. The Output Compare functions include optional clearing of the counter on compareA match, and actions on the Output Compare pins on both compare matches. Timer/Counter1 can also be used as a 8-, 9- or 10-bit Pulse With Modulator. In this mode the counter and the OCR1A/OCR1B registers serve as a dual glitch-free stand-alone PWM with centered pulses. The Input Capture function of Timer/Counter1 provides a capture of the Timer/Counter1 contents to the Input Capture Register - ICR1, triggered by an external event on the Input Capture Pin (ICP/port PD4). The actual capture event settings are defined by the Timer/Counter1 Control Register (TCCR1B). In addition, the Analog Comparator can be set to trigger the Input Capture. If the noise canceler function is enabled, the actual trigger condition for the capture event is monitored over 4 samples, and all 4 must be equal to activate the capture flag. Figure 13. ICP Pin Schematic Diagram 0 ICP NOISE CANCELER EDGE SELECT ICF1 1 ICNC1 ICES1 ACIC ACO ACIC: COMPARATOR IC ENABLE ACC0: COMPARATOR OUTPUT 42 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Timer/Counter1 Control Register A – TCCR1A Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $2F ($4F) COM1A1 COM1A0 COM1B1 COM1B0 – – PWM11 PWM10 Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R R R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TCCR1A • Bits 7, 6 – COM1A1, COM1A0: Compare Output Mode1A, Bits 1 and 0 The COM1A1 and COM1A0 control bits determine any output pin action following a compare match in Timer/Counter1. Any output pin actions affect pin OC1A (Output CompareA) pin 1. This is an alternative function to an I/O port and the corresponding direction control bit must be set (one) to control the output pin. The control configuration is shown in Table 13. • Bits 5, 4 – COM1B1, COM1B0: Compare Output Mode1B, Bits 1 and 0 The COM1B1 and COM1B0 control bits determine any output pin action following a compare match in Timer/Counter1. Any output pin actions affect pin OC1B (Output CompareB). The following control configuration is given: Table 13. Compare 1 Mode Select(2) COM1X1 COM1X0 0 0 Timer/Counter1 disconnected from output pin OC1X.(1) 0 1 Toggle the OC1X output line.(1) 1 0 Clear the OC1X output line (to zero).(1) 1 1 Set the OC1X output line (to one).(1) Note: Description 1. X = A or B 2. In PWM mode, these bits have a different function. Refer to Table 17 for a detailed description. • Bits 3..2 – Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved bits in the AT43USB351M and always read zero. • Bits 1..0 – PWM11, PWM10: Pulse Width Modulator Select Bits 1 and 0 These bits select PWM operation of Timer/Counter1 as specified in Table 14. Table 14. PWM Mode Select PWM11 PWM10 Description 0 0 PWM operation of Timer/Counter1 is disabled. 0 1 Timer/Counter1 is an 8-bit PWM. 1 0 Timer/Counter1 is a 9-bit PWM. 1 1 Timer/Counter1 is a 10-bit PWM. 43 3302E–USB–7/04 Timer/Counter1 Control Register B – TCCR1B Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $2E ($4E) ICNC1 ICES1 – – CTC1 CS12 CS11 CS10 Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R R R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TCCR1B • Bit 7 – ICNC1: Input Capture1 Noise Canceler (4 CKs) When the ICNC1 bit is cleared (zero), the input capture trigger noise canceler function is disabled. The input capture is triggered at the first rising/falling edge sampled on the ICP (input capture pin) as specified. When the ICNC1 bit is set (one), four successive samples are measured on the ICP and all samples must be high/low according to the input capture trigger specification in the ICES1 bit. The actual sampling frequency is the 12 MHz system clock frequency. • Bit 6 – ICES1: Input Capture1 Edge Select While the ICES1 bit is cleared (zero), the Timer/Counter1 contents are transferred to the Input Capture Register (ICR1) on the falling edge of the ICP. While the ICES1 bit is set (one), the Timer/Counter1 contents are transferred to the ICR1 on the rising edge of the ICP. • Bits 5, 4 – Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved bits in the AT43USB351M and always read zero. • Bit 3 – CTC1: Clear Timer/Counter1 on Compare Match When the CTC1 control bit is set (one), the Timer/Counter1 is reset to $0000 in the clock cycle after a compareA match. If the CTC1 control bit is cleared, Timer/Counter1 continues counting and is unaffected by a compare match. Since the compare match is detected in the CPU clock cycle following the match, this function will behave differently when a prescaling higher than 1 is used for the timer. When a prescaling of 1 is used, and the compareA register is set to C, the timer will count as follows if CTC1 is set: ... | C-2 | C-1 | C | 0 | 1 | ... When the prescaler is set to divide by 8, the timer will count like this: ... | C-2, C-2, C-2, C-2, C-2, C-2, C-2, C-2 | C-1, C-1, C-1, C-1, C-1, C-1, C-1, C-1 | C, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 | ... In PWM mode, this bit has no effect. • Bits 2, 1, 0 – CS12, CS11, CS10: Clock Select1, Bit 2, 1 and 0 The Clock Select1 bits 2, 1 and 0 define the prescaling source of Timer/Counter1. Table 15. Clock 1 Prescale Select 44 CS12 CS11 CS10 Description 0 0 0 Stop, the Timer/Counter1 is stopped. 0 0 1 CK 0 1 0 CK/8 0 1 1 CK/64 1 0 0 CK/256 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Table 15. Clock 1 Prescale Select (Continued) CS12 CS11 CS10 Description 1 0 1 CK/1024 1 1 0 External Pin T1, falling edge 1 1 1 External Pin T1, rising edge The Stop condition provides a Timer Enable/Disable function. The CK down divided modes are scaled directly from the 12 MHz system clock. If the external pin modes are used for Timer/Counter1, transitions on PB1/(T1) will clock the counter even if the pin is configured as an output. This feature can give the user SW control of the counting. 45 3302E–USB–7/04 Timer/Counter1 – TCNT1H and TCNT1L Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 $2D ($4D) MSB – – – – – – – TCNT1H $2C ($4C) – – – – – – – LSB TCNT1L 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Read/Write Initial Value This 16-bit register contains the prescaled value of the 16-bit Timer/Counter1. To ensure that both the high and low bytes are read and written simultaneously when the CPU accesses these registers, the access is performed using an 8-bit temporary register (TEMP). This temporary register is also used when accessing OCR1A, OCR1B and ICR1. If the main program and also interrupt routines perform access to registers using TEMP, interrupts must be disabled during access from the main program and from interrupt routines if interrupts are allowed from within interrupt routines. • TCNT1 Timer/Counter1 Write: When the CPU writes to the high byte TCNT1H, the written data is placed in the TEMP register. Next, when the CPU writes the low byte TCNT1L, this byte of data is combined with the byte data in the TEMP register, and all 16 bits are written to the TCNT1 Timer/Counter1 register simultaneously. Consequently, the high byte TCNT1H must be accessed first for a full 16bit register write operation. • TCNT1 Timer/Counter1 Read: When the CPU reads the low byte TCNT1L, the data of the low byte TCNT1L is sent to the CPU and the data of the high byte TCNT1H is placed in the TEMP register. When the CPU reads the data in the high byte TCNT1H, the CPU receives the data in the TEMP register. Consequently, the low byte TCNT1L must be accessed first for a full 16-bit register read operation. The Timer/Counter1 is realized as an up or up/down (in PWM mode) counter with read and write access. If Timer/Counter1 is written to and a clock source is selected, the Timer/Counter1 continues counting in the timer clock cycle after it is preset with the written value. 46 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register – OCR1AH and OCR1AL Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 $2B ($4B) MSB – – – – – – – OCR1AH $2A ($4A) – – – – – – – LSB OCR1AL 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Read/Write Initial Value R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register – OCR1BH and OCR1BL Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 $29 ($49) MSB – – – – – – – OCR1BH $28 ($48) – – – – – – – LSB OCR1BL 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Read/Write Initial Value R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 The output compare registers are 16-bit read/write registers. The Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Registers contain the data to be continuously compared with Timer/Counter1. Actions on compare matches are specified in the Timer/Counter1 Control and Status register.A compare match does only occur if Timer/Counter1 counts to the OCR value. A software write that sets TCNT1 and OCR1A or OCR1B to the same value does not generate a compare match. A compare match will set the compare interrupt flag in the CPU clock cycle following the compare event. Since the Output Compare Registers OCR1A and OCR1B are 16-bit registers, a temporary register TEMP is used when OCR1A/B are written to ensure that both bytes are updated simultaneously. When the CPU writes the high byte, OCR1AH or OCR1BH, the data is temporarily stored in the TEMP register. When the CPU writes the low byte, OCR1AL or OCR1BL, the TEMP register is simultaneously written to OCR1AH or OCR1BH. Consequently, the high byte OCR1AH or OCR1BH must be written first for a full 16-bit register write operation. The TEMP register is also used when accessing TCNT1, and ICR1. If the main program and also interrupt routines perform access to registers using TEMP, interrupts must be disabled during access from the main program and from interrupt routines if interrupts are allowed from within interrupt routines. 47 3302E–USB–7/04 Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Register – ICR1H and ICR1L Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 $25 ($45) MSB – – – – – – – ICR1H $24 ($44) – – – – – – – LSB ICR1L 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Read/Write Initial Value R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 The input capture register is a 16-bit read-only register. When the rising or falling edge (according to the input capture edge setting - ICES1) of the signal at the input capture pin (ICP) is detected, the current value of the Timer/Counter1 is transferred to the Input Capture Register (ICR1). At the same time, the Input Capture Flag (ICF1) is set (one). Since the ICR1 is a 16-bit register, a temporary register TEMP is used when ICR1 is read to ensure that both bytes are read simultaneously. When the CPU reads the low byte ICR1L, the data is sent to the CPU and the data of the high byte ICR1H is placed in the TEMP register. When the CPU reads the data in the high byte ICR1H, the CPU receives the data in the TEMP register. Consequently, the low byte ICR1L must be accessed first for a full 16-bit register read operation. The TEMP register is also used when accessing TCNT1, OCR1A and OCR1B. If the main program and also interrupt routines perform access to registers using TEMP, interrupts must be disabled during access from the main program and from interrupt routines, if interrupts are allowed from within interrupt routines. Timer/Counter1 In PWM Mode When the PWM mode is selected, Timer/Counter1, the Output Compare Register1A (OCR1A) and the Output Compare Register1B (OCR1B) form a dual 8-, 9- or 10-bit, free-running, glitchfree and phase correct PWM with outputs on the PD5 (OC1A) and OC1B pins. Timer/Counter1 acts as an up/down counter, counting up from $0000 to TOP (see Table 16), where it turns and counts down again to zero before the cycle is repeated. When the counter value matches the contents of the 10 least significant bits of OCR1A or OCR1B, the PD5(OC1A)/OC1B pins are set or cleared according to the settings of the COM1A1/COM1A0 or COM1B1/COM1B0 bits in the Timer/Counter1 Control Register TCCR1A. Refer to Table 17 for details. Table 16. Timer TOP Values and PWM Frequency 48 PWM Resolution Timer TOP value Frequency 8-bit $00FF (255) fTCK1/510 9-bit $01FF (511) fTCK1/1022 10-bit $03FF(1023) fTCK1/2046 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Table 17. Compare1 Mode Select in PWM Mode COM1X1 COM1X0 0 0 Not connected 0 1 Not connected 1 0 Cleared on compare match, up-counting. Set on compare match, down-counting (non-inverted PWM). 1 1 Cleared on compare match, down-counting. Set on compare match, up-counting (inverted PWM). Note: Effect on OCX1 X = A or B Note that in the PWM mode, the 10 least significant OCR1A/OCR1B bits, when written, are transferred to a temporary location. They are latched when Timer/Counter1 reaches the value TOP. This prevents the occurrence of odd-length PWM pulses (glitches) in the event of an unsynchronized OCR1A/OCR1B write. See Figure 14 for an example. Figure 14. Effects on Unsynchronized OCR1 Latching Compare Value Changes Counter Value Compare Value PWM Output OC1X Synchronized OCR1X Latch Compare Value Changes Counter Value Compare Value PWM Output OC1X Unsynchronized OCR1X Latch Glitch Note: X = A or B During the time between the write and the latch operation, a read from OCR1A or OCR1B will read the contents of the temporary location. This means that the most recently written value always will read out of OCR1A/B When the OCR1 contains $0000 or TOP, the output OC1A/OC1B is updated to low or high on the next compare match, according to the settings of COM1A1/COM1A0 or COM1B1/COM1B0. This is shown in Table 18. Note: If the compare register contains the TOP value and the prescaler is not in use (CS12..CS10 = 001), the PWM output will not produce any pulse at all, because up-counting and down-counting values are reached simultaneously. When the prescaler is in use 49 3302E–USB–7/04 (CS12..CS10 = 001 or 000), the PWM output goes active when the counter reaches the TOP value, but the down-counting compare match is not interpreted to be reached before the next time the counter reaches the TOP value, making a one-period PWM pulse. Table 18. PWM Outputs OCR1X = $0000 or Top COM1X1 COM1X0 OCR1X Output OC1X 1 0 $0000 L 1 0 TOP H 1 1 $0000 H 1 1 TOP L Note: X = A or B In PWM mode, the Timer Overflow Flag1, TOV1, is set when the counter advances from $0000. Timer Overflow Interrupt1 operates exactly as in normal Timer/Counter mode, i.e. it is executed when TOV1 is set provided that Timer Overflow Interrupt1 and global interrupts are enabled. This also applies to the Timer Output Compare1 flags and interrupts. Watchdog Timer The Watchdog Timer is clocked from a 1 MHz clock derived from the 6 MHz on chip oscillator. By controlling the Watchdog Timer prescaler, the Watchdog reset interval can be adjusted, see Table 19 for a detailed description. The WDR (Watchdog Reset) instruction resets the Watchdog Timer. Eight different clock cycle periods can be selected to determine the reset period. If the reset period expires without another Watchdog reset, the AT43USB351M resets and executes from the reset vector. To prevent unintentional disabling of the watchdog, a special turn-off sequence must be followed when the watchdog is disabled. Refer to the description of the Watchdog Timer Control Register for details. Figure 15. Watchdog Timer 1 MHz Clock OSC/2048K OSC/1024K OSC/512K OSC/256K OSC/128K OSC/64K Watchdog Reset OSC/32K OSC/16K Watchdog Prescaler WDP0 WDP1 WDP2 WDE MCU Reset 50 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Watch Dog Timer Control Register – WDTCR Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $21 ($41) – – – WDTOE WDE WDP2 WDP1 WDP0 Read/Write R R R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 WDTCR • Bits 7..5 – Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved bits in the AT43USB351M and will always read as zero. • Bit 4 – WDTOE: Watch Dog Turn-Off Enable This bit must be set (one) when the WDE bit is cleared. Otherwise, the watchdog will not be disabled. Once set, the hardware will clear this bit to zero after four clock cycles. Refer to the description of the WDE bit for a watchdog disable procedure. • Bit 3 – WDE: Watch Dog Enable When the WDE is set (one) the Watchdog Timer is enabled, and if the WDE is cleared (zero) the Watchdog Timer function is disabled. WDE can only be cleared if the WDTOE bit is set (one). To disable an enabled watchdog timer, the following procedure must be followed: 1. In the same operation, write a logical one to WDTOE and WDE. A logical one must be written to WDE even though it is set to one before the disable operation starts. 2. Within the next four clock cycles, write a logical 0 to WDE. This disables the watchdog. • Bits 2..0 – WDP2, WDP1, WDP0: Watch Dog Timer Prescaler 2, 1 and 0 The WDP2, WDP1 and WDP0 bits determine the Watchdog Timer prescaling when the Watchdog Timer is enabled. The different prescaling values and their corresponding Time-out Periods are shown in Table 19. Table 19. Watchdog Timer Prescale Select WDP2 WDP1 WDP0 0 0 0 Note: Number of WDT Oscillator cycles Time-out 0 8K cycles 8.2 ms 0 1 16K cycles 16.4 ms 0 1 0 32K cycles 33.8 ms 0 1 1 64K cycles 65.6 ms 1 0 0 128K cycles 0.131 s 1 0 1 256K cycles 0.262 s 1 1 0 512K cycles 0.524 s 1 1 1 1,024K cycles 1.048 s The WDR (Watchdog Reset) instruction should always be executed before the Watchdog Timer is enabled. This ensures that the reset period will be in accordance with the Watchdog Timer prescale settings. If the Watchdog Timer is enabled without reset, the watchdog timer may not start to count from zero. To avoid unintentional MCU reset, the Watchdog Timer should be disabled or reset before changing the Watchdog Timer Prescale Select. 51 3302E–USB–7/04 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) allows high-speed synchronous data transfer between the AT43USB351M and peripheral devices or between several AVR devices. The AT43USB351M SPI features include the following: • Full-duplex, 3-wire Synchronous Data Transfer • Master or Slave Operation • LSB First or MSB First Data Transfer • Four Programmable Bit Rates • End of Transmission Interrupt Flag • Write Collision Flag Protection • Wakeup from Idle Mode (Slave Mode Only) Figure 16. SPI Block Diagram S M M MSB LSB 8-bit Shift Register Read Data Buffer Clock SPI Clock (Master) M SPI Status Register DORD SPR0 SPR1 CPHA CPOL MSTR DORD SPE SPIE 8 SPI Control Register 8 SPI Interrupt Request SPE MSTR SPR0 MSTR SPE WCOL SPIF SCK PB7 SS PB4 SPI Control 52 MOSI PB5 S Clock Logic SELECT SPR1 S Pin Control Logic SYSCLK Divider 4 16 64 128 MISO PB6 8 Internal Data Bus AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M The interconnection between master and slave CPUs with SPI is shown in Figure 17. The PB7(SCK) pin is the clock output in the master mode and is the clock input in the slave mode. Writing to the SPI data register of the master CPU starts the SPI clock generator, and the data written shifts out of the PB5(MOSI) pin and into the PB5(MOSI) pin of the slave CPU. After shifting one byte, the SPI clock generator stops, setting the end of transmission flag (SPIF). If the SPI interrupt enable bit (SPIE) in the SPCR register is set, an interrupt is requested. The Slave Select input, PB4(SS), is set low to select an individual slave SPI device. The two shift registers in the Master and the Slave can be considered as one distributed 16-bit circular shift register. This is shown in Figure 17. When data is shifted from the master to the slave, data is also shifted in the opposite direction, simultaneously. This means that during one shift cycle, data in the master and the slave are interchanged. Figure 17. SPI Master/Slave Interconnection MSB MASTER LSB MISO MISO MSB SLAVE LSB 8-bit Shift Register 8-bit Shift Register MOSI MOSI SPI Clock Generator SCK SS SCK SS VCC The system is single buffered in the transmit direction and double buffered in the receive direction. This means that bytes to be transmitted cannot be written to the SPI Data Register before the entire shift cycle is completed. When receiving data, however, a received byte must be read from the SPI Data Register before the next byte has been completely shifted in. Otherwise, the first byte is lost. When the SPI is enabled, the data direction of the MOSI, MISO, SCK and SS pins is overridden according to the following table: Table 20. SPI Pin Overrides Pin Direction, Master SPI Direction, Slave SPI MOSI User Defined Input MISO Input User Defined SCK User Defined Input SSN User Defined Input Note: See “Port B” on page 67. for a detailed description of how to define the direction of the user defined SPI pins. 53 3302E–USB–7/04 SS Pin Functionality When the SPI is configured as a master (MSTR in SPCR is set), the user can determine the direction of the SS pin. If SS is configured as an output, the pin is a general output pin which does not affect the SPI system. If SS is configured as an input, it must be held high to ensure Master SPI operation. If the SS pin is driven low by peripheral circuitry when the SPI is configured as master with the SS pin defined as an input, the SPI system interprets this as another master selecting the SPI as a slave and starting to send data to it. To avoid bus contention, the SPI system takes the following actions: 1. The MSTR bit in SPCR is cleared and the SPI system becomes a slave. As a result of the SPI becoming a slave, the MOSI and SCK pins become inputs. 2. The SPIF flag in SPSR is set, and if the SPI interrupt is enabled and the I-bit in SREG are set, the interrupt routine will be executed. Thus, when interrupt-driven SPI transmittal is used in master mode, and there exists a possibility that SS is driven low, the interrupt should always check that the MSTR bit is still set. Once the MSTR bit has been cleared by a slave select, it must be set by the user to re-enable SPI master mode. When the SPI is configured as a slave, the SS pin is always input. When SS is held low, the SPI is activated and MISO becomes an output if configured so by the user. All other pins are inputs. When SS is driven high, all pins are inputs, and the SPI is passive, which means that it will not receive incoming data. Note that the SPI logic will be reset once the SS pin is brought high. If the SS pin is brought high during a transmission, the SPI will stop sending and receiving immediately and both data received and data sent must be considered as lost. Data Modes There are four combinations of SCK phase and polarity with respect to serial data, which are determined by control bits CPHA and CPOL. The SPI data transfer formats are shown in Figure 18 and Figure 19. Figure 18. SPI Transfer Format with CPHA = 0 and DORD = 0 SCK Cycle # (For Reference) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SCK (CPOL = 0) SCK (CPOL = 1) MOSI (From Master) MISO (From Slave) MSB MSB 6 5 4 3 2 1 LSB 6 5 4 3 2 1 LSB * SS (To Slave) Note: 54 * Not defined but normally LSB of character just received. AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Figure 19. SPI Transfer Format with CPHA = 1 and DORD = 0 SCK Cycle # (For Reference) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SCK (CPOL = 0) SCK (CPOL = 1) MOSI (From Master) MISO (From Slave) * MSB 6 5 4 3 2 1 MSB 6 5 4 3 2 1 LSB LSB SS (To Slave) Note: * Not defined, but normally LSB of previously transmitted character. 55 3302E–USB–7/04 SPI Control Register – SPCR Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $0D ($2D) SPIE SPE DORD MSTR CPOL CPHA SPR1 SPR0 Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SPCR • Bit 7 – SPIE: SPI Interrupt Enable This bit causes the SPI interrupt to be executed if SPIF bit in the SPSR register is set and the global interrupts are enabled. • Bit 6 – SPE: SPI Enable When the SPE bit is set (one), the SPI is enabled. This bit must be set to enable any SPI operations. • Bit 5 – DORD: Data Order When the DORD bit is set (one), the LSB of the data word is transmitted first. When the DORD bit is cleared (zero), the MSB of the data word is transmitted first. • Bit 4 – MSTR: Master/Slave Select This bit selects Master SPI mode when set (one), and Slave SPI mode when cleared (zero). If SS is configured as an input and is driven low while MSTR is set, MSTR will be cleared, and SPIF in SPSR will become set. The user will then have to set MSTR to re-enable SPI master mode. • Bit 3 – CPOL: Clock Polarity When this bit is set (one), SCK is high when idle. When CPOL is cleared (zero), SCK is low when idle. Refer to Figure 18 and Figure 19 for additional information. • Bit 2 – CPHA: Clock Phase Refer to Figure 18 or Figure 19 for the functionality of this bit. • Bits 1,0 – SPR1, SPR0: SPI Clock Rate Select 1 and 0 These two bits control the SCK rate of the device configured as a master. SPR1 and SPR0 have no effect on the slave. The relationship between SCK and the Oscillator Clock frequency fCL is shown in the following table: Table 21. Relationship Between SCK and the Oscillator Frequency 56 SPR1 SPR0 SCK Frequency 0 0 3 MHz 0 1 750 kHz 1 0 187.5 kHz 1 1 93.75 kHz AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M SPI Status Register – SPSR Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $0E ($2E) SPIF WCOL – – – – – – Read/Write R R R R R R R R Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SPSR • Bit 7 – SPIF: SPI Interrupt Flag When a serial transfer is complete, the SPIF bit is set (one) and an interrupt is generated if SPIE in SPCR is set (one) and global interrupts are enabled. If SS is an input and is driven low when the SPI is in master mode, this will also set the SPIF flag. SPIF is cleared by the hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, the SPIF bit is cleared by first reading the SPI status register when SPIF is set (one), then accessing the SPI Data Register (SPDR). • Bit 6 – WCOL: Write Collision Flag The WCOL bit is set if the SPI data register (SPDR) is written during a data transfer. The WCOL bit (and the SPIF bit) are cleared (zero) by first reading the SPI Status Register when WCOL is set (one), and then accessing the SPI Data Register. • Bit 5..0 – Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved bits in the AT43USB351M and will always read as zero. SPI Data Register – SPDR Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $0F ($2F) MSB – – – – – – LSB Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value x x x x x x x x SPDR Undefined The SPI Data Register is a read/write register used for data transfer between the register file and the SPI Shift register. Writing to the register initiates data transmission. Reading the register causes the Shift Register Receive buffer to be read. 57 3302E–USB–7/04 Analog-to-digital Converter Feature list: • 10-bit Resolution • 4 LSB Integral Non-linearity • ±2 LSB Absolute Accuracy • 12 – 768 µs Conversion Time • Up to 83 kSPS at Maximum Resolution • 12 Multiplexed Input Channels • Rail-to-rail Input Range • Free Running or Single Conversion Mode • Interrupt on ADC Conversion Complete The AT43USB351M features a 10-bit successive approximation ADC. The ADC is connected to a 12-channel Analog Multiplexer to pins AD0 – AD11. The ADC contains a Sample and Hold Amplifier that ensures that the input voltage to the ADC is held at a constant level during conversion. A block diagram of the ADC is shown in Figure 20. The reference voltage of the ADC is internally connected to the CEXTA voltage regulator. Figure 20. Analog-to-digital Converter Block Schematic ADC Conversion Complete IRQ ADIF ADIE 8-bit Data Bus ADPS1 0 ADC Data Register (ADCH/ADCL) ADPS0 ADPS2 ADIE ADFR ADIF ADSC ADEN MUX2 MUX1 MUX0 CEXTA 15 ADC Ctrl and Staus Register (ADCSR) Prescaler Analog Inputs 58 12-Channel MUX 10-bit DAC + ADC9..0 ADC Multiplexer Select (ADMUX) Conversion Logic Sample and Hold Comparator AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Operation The ADC converts an analog input voltage to a 10-bit digital value through successive approximation. The minimum value represents VSSA and the maximum value represents the voltage on the VREF pin minus one LSB. The analog input channel is selected by writing to the MUX bits in ADMUX. Any of the twelve ADC input pins ADC11 – 0 can be selected as single-ended inputs to the ADC. The ADC can operate in two modes – Single Conversion and Free Running. In Single Conversion Mode, each conversion will have to be initiated by the user. In Free Running Mode, the ADC is constantly sampling and updating the ADC Data Register. The ADFR bit in ADCSR selects between the two available modes. The ADC is enabled by setting the ADC Enable bit, ADEN in ADCSR. Input channel selections will not go into effect until ADEN is set. The ADC does not consume power when ADEN is cleared, so it is recommended to switch off the ADC before entering power-saving sleep modes. A conversion is started by writing a logical "1" to the ADC Start Conversion bit, ADSC. This bit stays high as long as the conversion is in progress and will be set to zero by the hardware when the conversion is completed. If a different data channel is selected while a conversion is in progress, the ADC will finish the current conversion before performing the channel change. The ADC generates a 10-bit result, which is presented in the ADC data register, ADCH and ADCL. When reading data, ADCL must be read first, then ADCH, to ensure that the content of the data register belongs to the same conversion. Once ADCL is read, ADC access to data register is blocked. This means that if ADCL has been read and a conversion completes before ADCH is read, neither register is updated and the result from the conversion is lost. Then ADCH is read, ADC access to the ADCH and ADCL register is re enabled. The ADC has its own interrupt that can be triggered when a conversion completes. When ADC access to the data registers is prohibited between reading of ADCH and ADCL, the interrupt will trigger even if the result is lost. Figure 21. ADC Prescaler ADEN Reset 7-bit ADC Prescaler CK128 CK64 CK32 CK16 CK8 CK4 CK/2 CK ADPS0 ADPS1 ADPS2 ADC Clock Source 59 3302E–USB–7/04 The successive approximation circuitry requires an input clock frequency between 15 kHz and 1 MHz to achieve maximum resolution. If a resolution of lower than 10 bits is required, the input clock frequency to the ADC can be higher than 200 kHz to achieve a higher sampling rate. See "ADC Characteristics" for more details. The ADC module contains a prescaler, which divides the CK of 2 MHz clock input, to an acceptable ADC clock frequency. The ADPS[0:2] bits in ADCSR are used to generate a proper ADC clock input frequency from 15.6 kHz to 1.0 MHz. The prescaler starts counting from the moment the ADC is switched on by setting the ADEN bit in ADCSR. The prescaler keeps running for as long as the ADEN bit is set and is continuously reset when ADEN is low. When initiating a conversion by setting the ADSC bit in ADCSR, the conversion starts at the following rising edge of the ADC clock cycle. A normal conversion takes 12 ADC clock cycles. In certain situations, the ADC needs more clock cycles for initialization and to minimize offset errors. Extended conversions take 25 ADC clock cycles and occur as the first conversion after the ADC is switched on (ADEN in ADCSR is set). The actual sample-and-hold takes place 1.5 ADC clock cycles after the start of a conversion. When a conversion is complete, the result is written to the ADC data registers and ADIF is set. In Single Conversion Mode, ADSC is cleared simultaneously. The software may then set ADSC again and a new conversion will be initiated on the first rising ADC clock edge. In Free Running Mode, a new conversion will be started immediately after the conversion completes, while ADSC remains high. Using Free Running Mode and an ADC clock frequency of 1 MHz gives the lowest conversion time with a maximum resolution, 12 µs, equivalent to 83 kSPS. For a summary of conversion times, see Table 22. Figure 22. ADC Timing Diagram, Extended Conversion (Single Conversion Mode) 60 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Figure 23. ADC Timing Diagram, Single Conversion Figure 24. ADC Timing Diagram, Free Running Conversion Table 22. ADC Conversion Time Condition Normal Conversion Sample and Hold (Cycles from Start of Conversion) Conversion Time (Cycles) Conversion Time (µs) 12 10 12 - 768 61 3302E–USB–7/04 ADC Multiplexer Select Register – ADMUX Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $08 ($28) – – – – MUX3 MUX2 MUX1 MUX0 Read/Write R R R R R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 N/A 0 0 0 0 0 ADMUX • Bits 7..3 – Res: Reserved Bits These bits are reserved bits in the AT43USB351M and always read as zero. • Bits 3..0 – MUX3..MUX0: Analog Channel Select Bits 3-0 The value of these three bits selects which analog input ADC11..0 is connected to the ADC. See Table 23 for details. If these bits are changed during a conversion, the change will not go into effect until this conversion is complete (ADIF in ADCSR is set). Table 23. Input Channel Selections 62 MUX3.0 Single-ended Input 0000 ADC0 0001 ADC1 0010 ADC2 0011 ADC3 0100 ADC4 0101 ADC5 0110 ADC6 0111 ADC7 1000 ADC8 1001 ADC9 1010 ADC10 1011 ADC11 11XX ADC0 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M ADC Control and Status Register – ADCSR Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $07 ($27) ADEN ADSC ADFR ADIF ADIE ADPS2 ADPS1 ADPS0 Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ADCSR • Bit 7 – ADEN: ADC Enable Writing a logical "1" to this bit enables the ADC. By clearing this bit to zero, the ADC is turned off. Turning the ADC off while a conversion is in progress will terminate this conversion. • Bit 6 – ADSC: ADC Start Conversion In Single Conversion Mode, a logical "1" must be written to this bit to start each conversion. In Free Running Mode, a logical "1" must be written to this bit to start the first conversion. The first time ADSC has been written after the ADC has been enabled or if ADSC is written at the same time as the ADC is enabled, an extended conversion will precede the initiated conversion. This extended conversion performs initialization of the ADC. ADSC will read as one as long as a conversion is in progress. When the conversion is complete, it returns to zero. When a extended conversion precedes a real conversion, ADSC will stay high until the real conversion completes. Writing a "0" to this bit has no effect. • Bit 5 – ADFR: ADC Free Running Select When this bit is set (one), the ADC operates in Free Running Mode. In this mode, the ADC samples and updates the data registers continuously. Clearing this bit (zero) will terminate Free Running Mode. • Bit 4 – ADIF: ADC Interrupt Flag This bit is set (one) when an ADC conversion completes and the data registers are updated. The ADC Conversion Complete interrupt is executed if the ADIE bit and the I-bit in SREG are set (one). ADIF is cleared by the hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, ADIF is cleared by writing a logical "1" to the flag. Beware that if doing a read-modify-write on ADCSR, a pending interrupt can be disabled. This also applies if the SBI and CBI instructions are used. • Bit 3 – ADIE: ADC Interrupt Enable When this bit is set (one) and the I-bit in SREG is set (one), the ADC Conversion Complete interrupt is activated. • Bits 2..0 – ADPS2..ADPS0: ADC Prescaler Select Bits These bits determine the division factor between the 12 MHz system clock frequency and the input clock to the ADC. 63 3302E–USB–7/04 Table 24. ADC Prescaler Selections ADPS2 ADPS1 ADPS0 Division Factor 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 4 0 1 1 8 1 0 0 16 1 0 1 32 1 1 0 64 1 1 1 128 ADC Data Register – ADCL and ADCH Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $03 ($23) – – – – – – ADC9 ADC8 ADCH $24 ($44) ADC7 ADC6 ADC5 ADC4 ADC3 ADC2 ADC1 ADC0 ADCL Read/Write R R R R R R R R Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 When an ADC conversion is complete, the result is found in these two registers. In Free Run Mode, it is essential that both registers are read, and that ADCL is read before ADCH. Scanning Multiple Channels Since change of analog channels is always delayed until a conversion is finished, the Free Run Mode can be used to scan multiple channels without interrupting the converter. Typically, the ADC Conversion Complete interrupt will be used to perform the channel shift. However, the user should take the following fact into consideration: The interrupt triggers once the result is ready to be read. In Free Run Mode, the next conversion will start immediately when the interrupt triggers. If ADMUX is changed after the interrupt triggers, the next conversion has already started and the old setting is used. 64 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M ADC Characteristics Symbol Parameter Condition Min Resolution Typ Max 10 Unit s Bits Integral Non-linearity VREF = VCEXTA 4 LSB Differential Non-linearity VREF = VCEXTA 4 LSB Zero Error (Offset) -2 2 LSB Full Scale Error -4 4 LSB 24 kΩ VREF input resistance 25°C 12 Analog Input Resistance 100 Conversion Time Clock Frequency 18 12 at 50% duty cycle MΩ 768 µs 1 MHz I/O-Ports All AVR ports have true Read-Modify-Write functionality when used as general digital I/O ports. This means that the direction of one port pin can be changed without unintentionally changing the direction of any other pin with the SBI and CBI instructions. The same applies for changing drive value if configured as output or enabling/disabling of pull-up resistors if configured as input. Port A Port A is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port. The Port A output buffers can sink or source 2 mA. Three I/O memory address locations are allocated for the Port A, one each for the Data Register PORTA, $1B($3B), Data Direction Register (DDRA), $1A($3A) and the Port A Input Pins (PINA) $19($39). The Port A Input Pins address is read only, while the Data Register and the Data Direction Register are read/write. All port pins have individually selectable pull-up resistors. When pins PA0 to PA7 are used as inputs and are externally pulled low, they will source current if the internal pull-up resistors are activated. 65 3302E–USB–7/04 Port A Data Register – PORTA Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $1B ($3B) PORTA7 PORTA6 PORTA5 PORTA4 PORTA3 PORTA2 PORTA1 PORTA0 Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PORTA Port A Data Direction Register – DDRA Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $1A ($3A) DDA7 DDA6 DDA5 DDA4 DDA3 DDA2 DDA1 DDA0 Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DDRA Port A Input Pins Address – PINA Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $19 ($39) PINA7 PINA6 PINA5 PINA4 PINA3 PINA2 PINA1 PINA0 Read/Write R R R R R R R R Initial Value N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A PINA The Port A Input Pins address (PINA) is not a register, and this address enables access to the physical value on each Port A pin. When reading PORTA the Port A Data Latch is read, and when reading PINA, the logical values present on the pins are read. PortA as General Digital I/O All 8 pins in Port A have equal functionality when used as digital I/O pins. PAn, General I/O Pin: The DDAn bit in the DDRA register selects the direction of this pin, if DDAn is set (one), PAn is configured as an output pin. If DDAn is cleared (zero), PAn is configured as an input pin. If PORTAn is set (one) when the pin is configured as an input pin, the MOS pull-up resistor is activated. To switch the pull-up resistor off, the PORTAn has to be cleared (zero) or the pin has to configured as an output pin. The Port A pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not active. Table 25. DDAn Effects on Port A Pins DDAn PORTAn I/O 0 0 Input Tri-state (Hi-Z) 0 1 Input PAn will source current if ext. pulled low. 1 0 Output Push-Pull Zero Output 1 1 Output Push-Pull One Output Note: 66 Comment n: 7, 6...0, pin number. AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Port B Port B is a 4-bit bi-directional I/O port. The Port B output buffers can sink or source 2 mA. Three I/O memory address locations are allocated for the Port B, one each for the Data Register - PORTB, $18($38), Data Direction Register (DDRB), $17($37) and the Port B Input Pins (PINB), $16($36). The Port B Input Pins address is read only, while the Data Register and the Data Direction Register are read/write. All port pins have individually selectable pull-up resistors. When pins PB0 to PB7 are used as inputs and are externally pulled low, they will source current if the internal pull-up resistors are activated The Port B pins with alternate functions are shown in the following table: Table 26. Port B Pins Alternate Functions Port Pin Alternate Functions PB4 SS (SPI Slave Select Input) PB5 MOSI (SPI Bus Master Output/Slave Input) PB6 MISO (SPI Bus Master Input/Slave Output) PB7 SCK (SPI Bus Serial Clock) When the pins are used for the alternate function the DDRB and PORTB register has to be set according to the alternate function description. 67 3302E–USB–7/04 Port B Data Register – PORTB Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $18 ($38) PORTB7 PORTB6 PORTB5 PORTB4 PORTB3 PORTB2 PORTB1 PORTB0 Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PORTB Port B Data Direction Register – DDRB Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $17 ($37) DDB7 DDB6 DDB5 DDB4 DDB3 DDB2 DDB1 DDB0 Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DDRB Port B Input Pins Address – PINB Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $16 ($36) PINB7 PINB6 PINB5 PINB4 PINB3 PINB2 PINB1 PINB0 Read/Write R R R R R R R R Initial Value N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A PINB The Port B Input Pins address (PINB) is not a register, and this address enables access to the physical value on each Port B pin. When reading PORTB, the Port B Data Latch is read, and when reading PINB, the logical values present on the pins are read. PortB as General Digital I/O All 8 pins in port B have equal functionality when used as digital I/O pins. PBn, General I/O Pin: The DDBn bit in the DDRB register selects the direction of this pin, if DDBn is set (one), PBn is con-figured as an output pin. If DDBn is cleared (zero), PBn is configured as an input pin. If PORTBn is set (one) when the pin is configured as an input pin, the MOS pull-up resistor is activated. To switch the pull-up resistor off, the PORTBn has to be cleared (zero) or the pin has to configured as an output pin. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not active. Table 27. DDBn Effects on Port B Pins DDBn PORTBn I/O 0 0 Input Tri-state (Hi-Z) 0 1 Input PBn will source current if ext. pulled low. 1 0 Output Push-Pull Zero Output 1 1 Output Push-Pull One Output Note: 68 Comment n: 7, 6...0, pin number. AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Port D Port D is a 7-bit bi-directional I/O port. Its output buffers can sink or source 2 mA. Three I/O memory address locations are allocated for the Port D, one each for the Data Register - PORTD, $12($32), Data Direction Register (DDRD), $11($31) and the Port D Input Pins (PIND), $10($30). The Port D Input Pins address is read only, while the Data Register and the Data Direction Register are read/write. All port pins have individually selectable pull-up resistors. When pins PD0 to PD7 are used as inputs and are externally pulled low, they will source current if the internal pull-up resistors are activated Some Port D pins have alternate functions as shown in Table 28. Table 28. Port D Alternate Functions Port Pin Alternate Function PD2 INT0, External Interrupt 0 PD3 INT1, External Interrupt 1 PD4 ICP, Timer/Counter 1 Input Capture PD5 OC1A Timer/Counter1 Output Compare A PD6 OC1B Timer/Counter1 Output Compare B When the pins are used for the alternate function the DDRD and PORTD register has to be set according to the alternate function description. Port D Data Register – PORTD Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $12 ($32) PORTD7 PORTD6 PORTD5 PORTD4 PORTD3 PORTD2 PORTD1 PORTD0 Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PORTD Port D Data Direction Register – DDRD Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $11 ($31) DDD7 DDD6 DDD5 DDD4 DDD3 DDD2 DDD1 DDD0 Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DDRD Port D Input Pins Address – PIND Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $10 ($30) PIND7 PIND6 PIND5 PIND4 PIND3 PIND2 PIND1 PIND0 Read/Write R R R R R R R R Initial Value N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A PIND The Port D Input Pins address (PIND) is not a register, and this address enables access to the physical value on each Port D pin. When reading PORTD, the Port D Data Latch is read, and when reading PIND, the logical values present on the pins are read. 69 3302E–USB–7/04 PortD as General Digital I/O PDn, General I/O Pin: The DDDn bit in the DDRD register selects the direction of this pin. If DDDn is set (one), PDn is con-figured as an output pin. If DDDn is cleared (zero), PDn is configured as an input pin. If PORTDn is set (one) when the pin is configured as an input pin, the MOS pull-up resistor is activated. To switch the pull-up resistor off, the PORTDn has to be cleared (zero) or the pin has to configured as an output pin. The Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not active. Table 29. DDDn Bits on Port D Pins DDDn PORTDn I/O 0 0 Input Tri-state (Hi-Z) 0 1 Input PDn will source current if ext. pulled low. 1 0 Output Push-Pull Zero Output 1 1 Output Push-Pull One Output Note: 70 Comment n: 7, 6...0, pin number. AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Programming the USB Module The USB hardware consists of a USB function with its address and endpoints. Its operation is controlled through a set of memory mapped registers. The exact configuration of the USB device is defined by the software. The USB function has one control endpoint and 4 programmable endpoints. All the endpoints have their own FIFO. Function endpoints 1 and 2 FIFOs are 64 bytes deep and function endpoints 3 and 4 have 8-byte FIFOs. The USB Function The USB function hardware is designed to operate in the single packet mode and to manage the USB protocol layer. It consists of a Serial Interface Engine (SIE), endpoint FIFOs and a Function Interface Unit (FIU). The SIE performs the following tasks: USB signaling detection/generation, data serialization/de-serialization, data encoding/decoding, bit stuffing and unstuffing, clock/data separation, and CRC generation/checking. It also decodes and manages all packet data types and packet fields. The endpoint FIFO buffers the data to be sent out or data received. The FIU manages the flow of data between the SIE, FIFO and the internal microcontroller bus. It controls the FIFO and monitors the status of the transactions and interfaces to the CPU. It initiates interrupts and acts upon commands sent by the firmware. The USB function hardware of the AT43USB351M makes the physical interface and the protocol layer transparent to the user. To start the process, the firmware must first enable the endpoints and which place them in receive mode by default. The device address by default is address 0. The USB function hardware then waits for a setup token from the host. When a valid the setup token is received, it automatically stores the data packet in endpoint 0 FIFO and responds with an ACK. It then notifies the microcontroller through an interrupt. The microcontroller reads the FIFO and parses the request. Transactions for the non-control endpoints are even simpler. Once the endpoint is enabled, it waits for an IN or an OUT token depending whether it is programmed as an IN or OUT endpoint. For example, if it is an IN endpoint, the microcontroller simply loads the data into the endpoint's FIFO and sets a bit in the control and status register. The USB hardware will assemble the data in a USB packet and waits for an IN token. When it receives one, it automatically responds by transmitting the data packet and completes the transaction by waiting for the host's ACK. When one is received, the USB hardware will signal the microcontroller that the transaction has been completed successfully. Retries and data toggles are performed automatically by the USB hardware. When the IN endpoint is not ready to send data, in the case where the microcontroller has not filled the FIFO, it will automatically respond with a NAK. Similarly, an OUT endpoint will wait for an OUT token. When one is received, it will store the data in the FIFO, completes the transaction and interrupt the microcontroller, which then reads the FIFO and enables the endpoint for the next packet. If the FIFO is not cleared, the USB hardware will responds with a NAK. A detailed description of how USB transactions are handled is described in the following sections. First for a control endpoint and then for non-control endpoints. 71 3302E–USB–7/04 Control Transfers at Control Endpoint EP0 The description given below is for the function control endpoint, but applies to the hub control endpoint as well if the proper registers are used. The following illustration describes the three possible types of control transfers – Control Write, Control Read and No-data control: Setup Stage Control Write Control Read Data Stage SETUP(0) OUT(1) DATA0 DATA1 OUT(0) DATA0 SETUP(0) IN(1) IN(0) DATA0 DATA1 DATA0 Setup Stage Status Stage SETUP(0) IN(1) DATA0 DATA1(0) Status Stage … OUT(0/1) DATA0/1 … IN(1) DATA1(0) IN(0/1) OUT(1) DATA0/1 DATA1(0) Legend: No-data Control DATAn Data packet with PID’s data toggle bit equal to n DATA1(0) Zero length DATA1 packet The following state diagram shows how the various state transitions are triggered. Additional decision making may take place within the response states to determine the next expected state. Unmarked arcs represent transitions that trigger immediately following completion of the response state processing. Stable states, those requiring an interrupt to exit having no unmarked arcs as exit paths, are shown in bold. (ANY STABLE STATE) RX_SETUP_INT Setup Response TX_COMPLETE_INT RX_OUT_INT TX_COMPLETE_INT RX_OUT_INT Control Write Data Response Control Read Data Response No-data Status Response TX_COMPLETE_INT TX_COMPLETE_INT RX_OUT_INT Control Write Status Response Control Read Status Response Idle 72 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M The following information describes how the AT43USB351M’s USB hardware and firmware operates during a control transfer between the host and the function’s control endpoint. Legend: DATA1/DATA0 = Data packet with DATA1 or DATA2 PID DATA1(0) = Zero length DATA1 packet Idle State This is the default state from power-up. Setup Response State The Function Interface Unit (FIU) receives a SETUP token with 8 bytes of data from the Host. The FIU stores the data in the FIFO, sends an ACK back to the host and asserts an RX_SETUP interrupt. Hardware Firmware 1. SETUP token, Data from Host 2. ACK to Host 3. Store data in FIFO 4. Set RX SETUP → INT 5. Read UISR 6. Read CSR0 7. Read Byte Count 8. Read FIFO 9. Parse command data 10. Write to H/FCAR0: a. If Control Read: set DIR, clear RX SETUP, fill FIFO, set TX Packet Ready in CAR0 b. If Control Write: clear DIR in CAR0 c. If no Data Stage: set Data End, clear DIR, set Force STALL in CAR0 11. Set UIAR[EP0 INTACK] to clear the interrupt source 73 3302E–USB–7/04 No-data Status Response State The Function Interface Unit receives an IN token from the Host. The FIU responds with a zero length DATA1 packet until receiving an ACK from the host, then asserts a TX_COMPLETE interrupt. Hardware Firmware 1. IN token from Host 2. Send DATA1(0) 3. ACK from Host 4. Set TX COMPLETE → INT 5. Read UISR 6. Read CSR0 7. If SET ADDRESS, program the new Address, set ADD_EN bit 8. Clear TX_COMPLETE, clear Data End, set Force STALL in CAR0 9. Set UIAR[EP0 INTACK] Control Read Data Response State The Function Interface Unit receives an IN token from the Host. The FIU responds with NAKs until TX_PACKET_READY is set. The FIU then sends the data in the FIFO upstream, retrying until it successfully receives an ACK from the host. Finally, the FIU clears the TX_PACKET_READY bit and asserts a TX_COMPLETE interrupt. Hardware Firmware 1. IN token from Host 2. a. If TX Packet Ready = 1, send DATA0/DATA1 b. If TX Packet Ready = 0, send NAK 3. ACK from Host 4. Clear TX Packet Ready Set TX Complete → INT 5. Read UISR 6. Read CSR0 7. Clear TX COMPLETE in CAR0: a. If more data: fill FIFO, set TX Packet Ready, set DIR in CAR0 b. If no more data: set Force STALL, set DATA END in CAR0 8. Set UIAR[EP0 INTACK] to clear interrupt source Repeat steps 1 through 8 74 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Control Read Status Response State The Function Interface Unit receives an OUT token from the Host with a zero length DATA1 packet. The FIU responds with a NAK until TX_COMPLETE is cleared. The FIU will then ACK the retried OUT token from the Host and assert an RX_OUT interrupt. Hardware Firmware 1. OUT token from Host 2. DATA1(0) from Host 3. TX Complete = 0 ? a. If yes, ACK to Host Set RX OUT → INT b. If no, NAK to Host 4. Read UISR 5. Read CSR0 6. Clear RX OUT, set Data End, set Force Stall in H/FCAR0. Note: A SETUP token will clear Data End, therefore, it is not cleared by FW in case Host retries. 7. Set UIAR[EP0 INTACK] to clear interrupt source Control Write Data Response State The Function Interface Unit receives an OUT token from the Host with a DATA packet. The FIU places the incoming data into the FIFO, issues an ACK to the host, and asserts an RX_OUT interrupt. Hardware Firmware 1. OUT token from Host 2. Put DATA0/DATA1 into FIFO 3. ACK to Host 4. Set RX OUT → INT 5. Read UISR 6. Read CSR0 7. Read FIFO 8. Clear RX OUT If last data packet, set Force STALL, set DATA END. 9. Set UIAR[EP0 INTACK] to clear the interrupt source Repeat steps 1 through 9 until last DATA PACKET: 75 3302E–USB–7/04 Control Write Status Response State The Function Interface Unit receives an IN token from the Host. The FIU responds with a zero length DATA1 packet, retrying until it receives an ACK back from the Host. The FIU then asserts a TX_COMPLETE interrupt. Hardware Firmware 1. IN token from Host 2. Send Data1(0) 3. ACK from Host 4. Set TX Complete → INT 5. Read UISR 6. Read CSR0 7. Clear TX COMPLETE, clear Data End, set Force STALL in CAR0 8. Set UIAR[EP0 INTACK] to clear the interrupt source 76 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Interrupt/Bulk IN Transfers at Function Endpoint EP1, 2, 3 and 4 The firmware must first condition the endpoint through the Endpoint Control Register, FENDP1/2/3/4_CNTR: Set endpoint direction: set EPDIR Set interrupt or bulk: EPTYPE = 11 or 10 Enable endpoint: set EPEN The Function Interface Unit receives an IN token from the Host. The FIU responds with NAKs until TX_PACKET_READY is set. The FIU then sends the data in the FIFO upstream, retrying until it successfully receives an ACK from the host. Finally, the FIU clears the TX_PACKET_READY bit and asserts a TX_COMPLETE interrupt. 1. Read UISR 2. Read FCSR1/2/3/4 3. Clear TX_COMPLETE If more data: fill FIFO, set TX Packet Ready Wait for TX_COMPLETE interrupt If no more data: set DATA END in FCAR1/2/3/4 4. Set UIAR[FEP1/2/3/4 INTACK] to clear the interrupt source Interrupt/Bulk OUT Transfers at Function Endpoint EP1, 2, 3 and 4 The firmware must first condition the endpoint through the Endpoint Control Register, FENDP1/2/3/4_CNTR: Set endpoint direction: clear EPDIR Set interrupt or bulk: EPTYPE = 11 or 10 Enable endpoint: set EPEN The Function Interface Unit receives an OUT token from the Host with a DATA packet. The FIU places the incoming data into the FIFO, issues an ACK to the host, and asserts an RX_OUT interrupt. 1. Read UISR 2. Read FCSR1/2/3/4 3. Read FIFO 4. Clear RX_OUT If more data: Wait for RX_OUT interrupt If no more data: set DATA END 5. Set UIAR[FEP1/2/3/4 INTACK] to clear the interrupt source 77 3302E–USB–7/04 USB Registers The following sections describe the registers of the AT43USB351M’s function unit. Reading a bit for which the microcontroller does not have read access will yield a zero value result. Writing to a bit for which the microcontroller does not have write access has no effect. Hub Address Register – HADDR This register is an artifact of the AT43USB355. It is included in the AT43USB351M to make the two devices binary-compatible. In the AT43USB351M only bit 7 is meaningful. Hub Address Register – HADDR Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $1FEF SAEN HADD6 HADD5 HADD4 HADD3 HADD2 HADD1 HADD0 Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 HADDR • Bit 7 – SAEN: Single Address Enable In the AT43USB351M, this bit should be set to “1”. • Bit 6..0 – HADD6...0: Hub Address[6:0] These bits are don’t cares in the AT43USB351M. 78 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Function Address Register – FADDR The USB function contains an address register that contains the function address assigned by the host. This Function Address Register must be programmed by the microcontroller once it has received a SET_ADDRESS request from the host and completed the status phase of the transaction. After power up or reset, this register will contain the value of 0x00. Function Address Register – FADDR Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $1FEE FEN FADD6 FADD5 FADD4 FADD3 FADD2 FADD1 FADD0 Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FADDR • Bit 7 – FEN: Function Enable The Function Enable bit (FEN) allows the firmware to enable or disable the function endpoints. The firmware will set this bit after receipt of a reset through the hub, SetPortFeature[PORT_RESET]. Once this bit is set, the USB hardware passes to and from the host. When the Single Address bit is set, the condition of FEN is ignored. • Bit 6..0 – FADD6...0: Function Address[6:0] Endpoint Registers Function Endpoint 0 Control Register – FENDP0_CR Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $1FE5 EPEN – – – DTGLE EPDIR EPTYPE1 EPTYPE0 Read/Write R/W R R R R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FENDP0_CR • Bit 7 – EPEN: Endpoint Enable 0 = Disable endpoint 1 = Enable endpoint • Bit 6..4 – Reserved These bits are reserved in the AT43USB351M and will read as zero. • Bit 3 – DTGLE: Data Toggle Identifies DATA0 or DATA1 packets. This bit will automatically toggle and requires clearing by the firmware only in certain special circumstances. • Bit 2 – EPDIR: Endpoint Direction 0 = Out 1 = In • Bit 1, 0 – EPTYPE: Endpoint Type These bits must be programmed as 0, 0. 79 3302E–USB–7/04 Function Endpoint 1..4 Control Register – FENDP1..4_CR Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $1FE4 EPEN – – – DTGLE EPDIR EPTYPE1 EPTYPE0 FENDP1_CR $1FE3 EPEN – – – DTGLE EPDIR EPTYPE1 EPTYPE0 FENDP2_CR $1FE2 EPEN – – – DTGLE EPDIR EPTYPE1 EPTYPE0 FENDP3_CR FENDP4_CR $1FE6 EPEN – – – DTGLE EPDIR EPTYPE1 EPTYPE0 Read/Write R/W R R R R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • Bit 7 – EPEN: Endpoint Enable 0 = Disable endpoint 1 = Enable endpoint • Bit 6..4 – Reserved These bits are reserved in the AT43USB351M and will read as zero. • Bit 3 – DTGLE: Data Toggle Identifies DATA0 or DATA1 packets. This bit will automatically toggle and requires clearing by the firmware only in certain special circumstances. • Bit 2 – EPDIR: Endpoint Direction 0 = Out 1 = In • Bit 1, 0 – EPTYPE: Endpoint Type These bits programs the type of endpoint. 80 Bit1 Bit0 Type 0 1 Isochronous 1 0 Bulk 1 1 Interrupt AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Function Endpoint 0..4 Data Register – FDR0..4 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $1FD6 DATA7 DATA6 DATA5 DATA4 DATA3 DATA2 DATA1 DATA0 FDR4 $1FD5 DATA7 DATA6 DATA5 DATA4 DATA3 DATA2 DATA1 DATA0 FDR0 $1FD4 DATA7 DATA6 DATA5 DATA4 DATA3 DATA2 DATA1 DATA0 FDR1 $1FD3 DATA7 DATA6 DATA5 DATA4 DATA3 DATA2 DATA1 DATA0 FDR2 $1FD2 DATA7 DATA6 DATA5 DATA4 DATA3 DATA2 DATA1 DATA0 FDR3 Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 These registers are used to read data from or to write data to the Function Endpoint 0 FIFOs. • Bit 7..0 – FDAT7..0: FIFO Data Function Endpoint 0..4 Byte Count Register – FBYTE_CNT0..4 The contents of these registers stores the number of bytes to be sent or that was received by Function endpoints. This count includes the 16-bit CRC. To get the actual byte count of the data, subtract the count in the register by 2. The functions EP3 and EP4 have 8-byte FIFOs while function EP1 and EP2 have 64-byte FIFOs. Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Function EP4 $1FCE – – BYTCT5 BYTCT4 BYTCT3 BYTCT2 BYTCT1 BYTCT0 Function EP0 $1FCD – – BYTCT5 BYTCT4 BYTCT3 BYTCT2 BYTCT1 BYTCT0 FBYTE_CNT0 Function EP1 $1FCC – BYTCT6 BYTCT5 BYTCT4 BYTCT3 BYTCT2 BYTCT1 BYTCT0 FBYTE_CNT1 Function EP2 $1FCB – BYTCT6 BYTCT5 BYTCT4 BYTCT3 BYTCT2 BYTCT1 BYTCT0 FBYTE_CNT2 Function EP3 $1FCA – – BYTCT5 BYTCT4 BYTCT3 BYTCT2 BYTCT1 BYTCT0 FBYTE_CNT3 Read/Write R R R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FBYTE_CNT4 • Bit 7 – Reserved This bit is reserved in the AT43USB351M and will read as zero. • Bit 6..0 – BYTCT6..0: Byte Count – Length of Endpoint Data Packet 81 3302E–USB–7/04 Function Endpoint 0 Service Routine Register – FCSR0 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Function EP0 $1FDD – – – – STALL SENT RX SETUP RX OUT PACKET TX COMPLETE Read/Write R R R R R R R R Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FCSR0 • Bit 7..4 – Reserved These bits are reserved in the AT43USB351M and will read as zero. • Bit 3 – STALL SENT The USB hardware sets this bit after a STALL has been sent to the host. The firmware uses this bit when responding to a Get Status[Endpoint] request. It is a read only bit and that is cleared indirectly by writing a one to the STALL_SENT_ACK bit of the Control and Acknowledge Register. • Bit 2 – RX SETUP: Setup Packet Received This bit is used by control endpoints only to signal to the microcontroller that the USB hardware has received a valid SETUP packet and that the data portion of the packet is stored in the FIFO. The hardware will clear all other bits in this register while setting RX SETUP. If interrupt is enabled, the microcontroller will be interrupted when RX SETUP is set. After the completion of reading the data from the FIFO, firmware should clear this bit by writing a one to the RX_SETUP_ACK bit of the Control and Acknowledge Register. • Bit 1 – RX OUT PACKET The USB hardware sets this bit after it has stored the data of an OUT transaction in the FIFO. While this bit is set, the hardware will NAK all OUT tokens. The USB hardware will not overwrite the data in the FIFO except for an early set-up. RX OUT Packet is used for the following operations: 1. Control write transactions by a control endpoint. 2. OUT transaction with DATA1 PID to complete the status phase of a control endpoint. Setting this bit causes an interrupt to the microcontroller if the interrupt is enabled. FW clears this bit after the FIFO contents have been read by writing a one to the RX_OUT_PACKET_ACK bit of the Control and Acknowledge Register. • Bit 0 – TX COMPL: Transmit Completed This bit is used by a control endpoint hardware to signal to the microcontroller that it has successfully completed certain transactions. TX Complete is set at the completion of a: 1. Control read data stage. 2. Status stage without data stage. 3. Status stage after a control write transaction. This bit is read only and is cleared indirectly by writing a one to the TX_COMPLETE_ACK bit of the Control and Acknowledge Register. 82 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Function Endpoint 0 Control and Acknowledge Register – FCAR0 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Function EP0 $1FDD DIR DATA END FORCE STALL TX PACKET READY STALL_ SENT_ ACK RX_ SETUP_ ACK RX_OUT_ PACKET_ ACK TX_ COMPLETE_ ACK Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FCAR0 • Bit 7 – DIR: Control transfer direction It is set by the microcontroller firmware to indicate the direction of a control transfer to the USB hardware. The FW writes to this bit location after it receives an RX SETUP interrupt. The hardware uses this bit to determine the status phase of a control transfer. 0 = control write or no data stage 1 = control read • Bit 6 – DATA END When set to 1 by firmware, this bit indicate that the microcontroller has either placed the last data packet in FIFO, or that the microcontroller has processed the last data packet it expects from the Host. This bit is used by control endpoints only together with bit 4 (TX Packet Ready) to signal the USB hardware to go to the STATUS phase after the packet currently residing in the FIFO is transmitted. After the hardware completes the STATUS phase it will interrupt the microcontroller without clearing this bit. • Bit 5 – FORCE STALL This bit is set by the microcontroller to indicate a stalled endpoint. The hardware will send a STALL handshake as a response to the next IN or OUT token, or whenever there is a control transfer without a Data Stage. The microcontroller sets this bit if it wants to force a STALL. A STALL is sent if any of the following condition is encountered: 1. An unsupported request is received. 2. The host continues to ask for data after the data is exhausted. 3. The control transfer has no data stage. • Bit 4 – TX PACKET READY: Transmit Packet Ready When set by the firmware, this bit indicates that the microcontroller has loaded the FIFO with a packet of data. This bit is cleared by the hardware after the USB Host acknowledges the packet. For ISO endpoints, this bit is cleared unconditionally after the data is sent. This bit is used for the following operations: 1. Control read transactions by a control endpoint. 2. IN transactions with DATA1 PID to complete the status phase for a control endpoint, when this bit is zero but Data End set high (bit 4). 3. By a BULK IN or ISO IN or INT IN endpoint. The microcontroller should write into the FIFO only if this bit is cleared. After it has completed writing the data, it should set this bit. This data can be of zero length. Hardware clears this bit after it receives an ACK. If the interrupt is enabled and if the TX Complete bit is set, clearing the TX Packet Ready bit by the hardware causes an interrupt to the microcontroller. • Bit 3 – STALL_SENT_ACK: Acknowledge Stall Sent Interrupt 83 3302E–USB–7/04 Firmware sets this bit to clear STALL SENT, CSR bit 3. The 1 written in the CSRACK3 bit is not actually stored and thus does not have to be cleared. • Bit 2 – RX_SETUP_ACK: Acknowledge RX SETUP Interrupt Firmware sets this bit to clear RX SETUP, CSR bit2. The 1 written in the CSRACK2 bit is not actually stored and thus does not have to be cleared. • Bit 1 – RX_OUT_PACKET_ACK: Acknowledge RX OUT PACKET Interrupt Firmware sets this bit to clear RX OUT PACKET, CSR bit1. The 1 written in the CSRACK1 bit is not actually stored and thus does not have to be cleared. • Bit 0 – TX_COMPLETE_ACK: Acknowledge TX COMPLETE Interrupt Firmware sets this bit to clear TX COMPLETE, CSR bit0. The 1 written in the CSRACK0 bit is not actually stored and thus does not have to be cleared. Function Endpoint 0..4 Service Routine Register – FCSR0..4 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Function EP1 $1FDC – – – – STALL SENT – RX OUT PACKET TX COMPLETE FCSR1 Function EP2 $1FDB – – – – STALL SENT – RX OUT PACKET TX COMPLETE FCSR2 Function EP3 $1FDA – – – – STALL SENT – RX OUT PACKET TX COMPLETE FCSR3 Function EP4 $1FDE – – – – STALL SENT – RX OUT PACKET TX COMPLETE FCSR4 Read/Write R R R R R R R R Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • Bit 7..4 – Reserved These bits are reserved in the AT43USB351M and will read as zero. • Bit 3 – STALL SENT The USB hardware sets this bit after a STALL has been sent to the host. The firmware uses this bit when responding to a Get Status[Endpoint] request. It is a read only bit and that is cleared indirectly by writing a one to the STALL_SENT_ACK bit of the Control and Acknowledge Register. • Bit 2 – Reserved This bit is reserved in the AT43USB351M and will read as zero. • Bit 1 – RX OUT PACKET The USB hardware sets this bit after it has stored the data of an OUT transaction in the FIFO. While this bit is set, the hardware will NAK all OUT tokens. The USB hardware will not overwrite the data in the FIFO except for an early set-up. RX OUT Packet is used by a BULK OUT or ISO OUT or INT OUT endpoint. Setting this bit causes an interrupt to the microcontroller if the interrupt is enabled. FW clears this bit after the FIFO contents have been read by writing a one to the RX_SETUP_ACK bit of the Control and Acknowledge Register. • Bit 0 – TX COMPLETE: Transmit Completed This bit is used by the endpoint hardware to signal to the microcontroller that the IN transaction was completed successfully. This bit is read only and is cleared indirectly by writing a one to the TX_COMPLETE_ACK bit of the Control and Acknowledge Register. 84 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Function Endpoint 0..4 Control and Acknowledge Register – FCAR0..4 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Function EP1 $1FA4 – DATA END FORCE STALL TX PACKET RDY STALL_SENTACK – RX_OUT_PACKET _ACK TX_COMPLETE _ACK FCAR1 Function EP2 $1FA3 – DATA END FORCE STALL TX PACKET RDY STALL_SENTACK – RX_OUT_PACKET _ACK TX_COMPLETE -ACK FCAR2 Function EP3 $1FA2 – DATA END FORCE STALL TX PACKET RDY STALL_SENTACK – RX_OUT_PACKET _ACK TX_COMPLETE -ACK FCAR3 Function EP4 $1FA6 – DATA END FORCE STALL TX PACKET RDY STALL_SENTACK – RX_OUT_PACKET _ACK TX_COMPLETE -ACK FCAR4 Read/Write R R/W R/W R/W R/W R R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • Bit 7 – Reserved This bit is reserved in the AT43USB351M and will read as zero. • Bit 6 – DATA END When set to 1 by firmware, this bit indicate that the microcontroller has either placed the last data packet in FIFO, or that the microcontroller has processed the last data packet it expects from the Host. • Bit 5 – FORCE STALL This bit is set by the microcontroller to indicate a stalled endpoint. The hardware will send a STALL handshake as a response to the next IN or OUT token. The microcontroller sets this bit if it wants to force a STALL. A STALL is send if the host continues to ask for data after the data is exhausted. • Bit 4 – TX PACKET RDY: Transmit Packet Ready When set by the firmware, this bit indicates that the microcontroller has loaded the FIFO with a packet of data. This bit is cleared by the hardware after the USB Host acknowledges the packet. For ISO endpoints, this bit is cleared unconditionally after the data is sent. The microcontroller should write into the FIFO only if this bit is cleared. After it has completed writing the data, it should set this bit. This data can be of zero length. The hardware clears this bit after it receives an ACK. If the interrupt is enabled and if the TX Complete bit is set, clearing the TX Packet Ready bit by the hardware causes an interrupt to the microcontroller. • Bit 3 – STALL_SENT_ACK: Acknowledge Stall Sent Interrupt Firmware sets this bit to clear STALL SENT, CSR bit 3. The 1 written in the CSRACK3 bit is not actually stored and thus does not have to be cleared. • Bit 2 – Reserved This bit is reserved in the AT43USB351M and will read as zero. • Bit 1 – RX_OUT_PACKET_ACK: Acknowledge RX OUT PACKET Interrupt Firmware sets this bit to clear RX OUT PACKET, CSR bit1. The 1 written in the CSRACK1 bit is not actually stored and thus does not have to be cleared. • Bit 0 – TX_COMPLETE_ACK: Acknowledge TX COMPLETE Interrupt Firmware sets this bit to clear TX COMPLETE, CSR bit0. The 1 written in the CSRACK0 bit is not actually stored and thus does not have to be cleared. 85 3302E–USB–7/04 Hub General Registers Global State Register – GLB_STATE Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 $1FFB – – – SUSP FLG RESUME FLG – CONFG HADD EN Read/Write R R R R R R/W R/W R/W Initial Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 GLB_STATE • Bit 7...5 – Reserved Bits These bits are reserved in the AT43USB351M and will read as zeros. • Bit 4 – SUSP FLG: Suspend Flag This bit is set to 1 while the USB hardware is in the suspended state. This bit is a firmware read only bit. It is set and cleared by the USB hardware. • Bit 3 – RESUME FLGL Resume Flag When the USB hardware receives a resume signal from the upstream device it sets this bit. This bit will stay set until the USB hardware completes the downstream resume signaling. This bit is a firmware read only bit. It is set and cleared by the USB hardware. • Bit 2 – Reserved This bit is reserved in the AT43USB351M and will read as zero. • Bit 1 – CONFG: Configured This bit is set by firmware after a valid SET_CONFIGURATION request is received. It is cleared by a reset or by a SET_CONFIGURATION with a value of 0. • Bit 0 – HADD EN: Hub Address Enabled This bit is set by firmware after the status phase of a SET_ADDRESS request transaction so the hub will use the new address starting at the next transaction. 86 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Suspend and Resume The AT43USB351M enters suspend only when requested by the USB host through bus inactivity for at least 3 ms. The USB hardware would detect this request, sets the GLB_SUSP bit of SPRSR, Suspend/Resume Register, and interrupts the microcontroller if the interrupt is enabled. The microcontroller should shut down any peripheral activity and enter the Power Down mode by setting the SE and SM bits of MCUCR and then executes the SLEEP instruction. The USB hardware shuts off the oscillator and PLL. Operation is resumed when a nonidle signal is reserved or an external interrupt is detected. Remote Wakeup While the AT43USB351M is in global suspend, resume signaling is also possible through remote wakeup if the remote wakeup feature is enabled. Remote wakeup is defined as an external interrupt. A remote wakeup is initiated through INT0 or the external interrupt, INT1, which enables the oscillator/PLL and the USB hardware. The USB hardware drives RESUME signaling and sets the FRMWUP and RSM bits of SPRSR which generates an interrupt to the microcontroller. The microcontroller starts executing where it left off and services the interrupt. As part of the ISR, the firmware clears the GLB SUSP bit. Instead of INT0 and INT1, remote wakeup is also triggered through the PD0 pin. This mode is enabled by setting bit 2 of UOVCER (Overcurrent Detect Register) and when a pull-up resistor of at least 10 kΩ is connected to PD0. Whenever PD0 is pulled low during suspend, a resume is triggered. Suspend and Resume Process Suspend The Host stops sending packets, the hardware detects this as suspend signaling. The hardware asserts the GLB_SUSP interrupt. Hardware Firmware 1.Host stops sending packets 2. Suspend signaling detected 3. Set GBL SUS bit → interrupt 4. Shut down any peripheral activity 5. Set Sleep Enable and Sleep Mode bits of MCUCR 6. Set GPIO to low power state if required 7. Set UOVCER bit 2 (optional) 8. Execute SLEEP instruction 9. SLEEP bit detected 10. Shut off oscillator 87 3302E–USB–7/04 Resume The Host resumes signaling, the hardware detects this as resume. The hardware enables the oscillator and asserts the RSM interrupt. Hardware Firmware 1.Host resumes signaling 2. Resume signaling detected 3. Enable oscillator 4. Set RSM bit → interrupt 5. Reset RSM and GBL SUSP bits 6. Restore GPIO states if required 7. Clear UOVCER bit 2 (If set when entering suspend) 8. Enable peripheral activity Remote Wake-up, Function The hardware detects an INT0/INT1 or PD0 if enabled, and starts resume signaling upstream. Finally, the hardware enables the oscillator and asserts the RSM and FRWUP interrupts. Hardware Firmware 1.External event activates INT0/INT1/PD0 2. Initiate resume signaling 3. Enable Oscillator 4. Set RSM and FRMWUP bits → interrupt 5. Clear GLB SUSP, RSM, FRMWUP bits 6. Restore GPIO states if required 7. Clear UOVCER bit 2 (if used) 8. Enable peripheral activity 88 AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Electrical Specification Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses beyond those listed below may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Table 30. Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Parameter VCC5 5V Power Supply VI DC input voltage VO Max Unit 5.5 V -0.3V VCEXT +0.3 4.6 max V DC output voltage -0.3 VCEXT +0.3 4.6 max V TO Operating temperature -40 +125 °C TS Storage temperature -65 +150 °C Note: DC Characteristics Condition Min VCEXT is the voltage of CEXT1, CEXT2 or CEXTA. The values shown in this table are valid for TA = 0°C to 85°C, VCC = 4.4 to 5.25V, unless otherwise noted. Table 31. Power Supply Symbol Parameter VCC 5V Power Supply ICC ICCS Condition Min Max Unit 4.4 5.25 V 5V Supply Current 30 mA Suspended Device Current 300 uA 89 3302E–USB–7/04 Table 32. USB Signals: DPx, DMx Symbol Parameter Condition Min Max Unit VIH Input Level High (driven) 2.0 V VIHZ Input Level High (floating) 2.7 V VIL Input Level Low VDI Differential Input Sensitivity VCM Differential Common Mode Range VOL1 Static Output Low RL of 1.5 kΩ to 3.6V VOH1 Static Output 0High RL of 15 kΩ to GND VCRS Output Signal Crossover VIN Input Capacitance 0.8 DPx and DMx V 0.2 V 0.8 2.5 V 0.3 V 2.8 3.6 V 1.3 2.0 V 20 pF Max Unit 0.5 V Table 33. PA, PB, PD Symbol Parameter Condition VOL2 Output Low Level, PA, PB, PD IOL = 2 mA VOH2 Output High Level IOH = 2mA VIL2 Input Low Level -0.3 0.3 VCEXT V VIH2 Input High Level 0.7 VCEXT VCEXT + 0.3 V RPU PC Pull-up resistor current V=0 90 280 µA C Input/Output capacitance 1 MHz 10 pF Note: Min VCEXT - 0.4 V VCEXT is the voltage of CEXT1, CEXT2 or CEXTA. Table 34. Oscillator Signals: XTAL1, XTAL2 Symbol Parameter VLH Min Max Unit OSC1 switching level 0.47 1.20 V VHL OSC1 switching level 0.67 1.44 V CX1 Input capacitance, XTAL1 10 pF CX2 Output capacitance, XTAL2 10 pF C12 OSC1/2 capacitance 5 pF tSU Start-up time 2 ms DL Drive level 50 µW Note: 90 Condition 6 MHz, fundamental XTAL2 must not be used to drive other circuitry. AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M AC Characteristics Table 35. USB Driver Characteristics, Full Speed Operation Symbol Parameter Condition Min Max Unit TR Rise time CL = 50 pF 4 20 ns TF Fall time CL = 50 pF 4 20 ns TRFM TR/TF matching 90 110 % 28 44 Ω Min Max Unit ZDRV Note: Driver output resistance (1) Steady state drive 1. With external 27Ω series resistor. Figure 25. Full-speed Load RS TxD+ CL RS TxDCL CL = 50 pF Table 36. USB Driver Characteristics, Low-speed Operation Symbol Parameter Condition TR Rise time CL = 200 - 600 pF 75 300 ns TF Fall time CL = 200 - 600 pF 75 300 ns TRFM TR/TF matching 80 125 % 91 3302E–USB–7/04 Figure 26. Low-speed Load RS TxD+ CL 3.6V 1.5 K Ohm RS TxDCL CL = 200 pF to 600 pF Table 37. USB Timings, Full-speed Operation Symbol TDRATE Parameter Condition (1) Min Max Unit 11.97 12.03 Mb/s 0.9995 1.0005 ms No clock adjustment 42 ns With clock adjustment 126 ns -3.5 -4 3.5 4 ns -2 5 ns -18.5 -9 18.5 9 ns 175 ns Average Bit Rate Full Speed Data Rate (1) TFRAME Frame Interval TRFI Consecutive Frame Interval Jitter(1) (1) TRFIADJ Consecutive Frame Interval Jitter TDJ1 TDJ2 Source Diff Driver Jitter To Next Transition For Paired Transitions TFDEOP Source Jitter for Differential Transition to SEO Transitions TJR1 TJR2 Receiver Data Jitter Tolerance To Next Transition For Paired Transitions TFEOPT Source SEO interval of EOP 160 TFEOPR Receiver SEO interval of EOP 82 TFST Width of SEO interval during differential transition Note: 92 ns 14 ns 1. With 6.000 MHz, 100 ppm crystal. AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Figure 27. Differential Data Jitter TPERIOD Crossover Points Differential Data Lines Consecutive Transitions N*TPERIOD + TXJR1 Paired Transitions N*TPERIOD + TXJR2 Figure 28. Differential-to-EOP Transition Skew and EOP Width Crossover Point Extended TPERIOD Differential Data Lines Diff. Data-toSE0 Skew Source EOP Width: TFEOPT T LEOPT N*TPERIOD + TDEOP Receiver EOP Width: TFEOPR T LEOPR Figure 29. Receiver Jitter Tolerance TPERIOD Differential Data Lines TJR TJR1 TJR2 Consecutive Transitions N*TPERIOD + TJR1 Consecutive Transitions N*TPERIOD + TJR1 93 3302E–USB–7/04 Table 38. USB Source Timings, Low-speed Operation 94 Symbol Parameter Condition Min Max Unit TLDRATE Low-speed Data Rate Average Bit Rate 1.4775 1.5225 Mb/s TUDJ1 TUDJ2 Upstream port source jitter total to next transition for paired transitions -95 -150 95 150 ns TLDEOP Upstream port differential receiver jitter to next transition for paired transitions -40 100 ns TDJR1 TDJR2 Upstream port differential receiver jitter to next transition for paired transitions -75 -45 75 45 ns TLEOPT Source SEO interval of EOP 1.25 1.50 µs TLEOPR Receiver SEO interval of EOP 670 TLST Width of SEO interval during differential transition ns 210 ns AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Ordering Information Program Memory Ordering Code Package Operation Range Mask ROM AT43USB351M-AC 48 LQFP Commercial (0°C to 70°C) Package Type 48AA 48-lead, 7 x 7 mm Body Size, Low Profile Plastic Quad Flat Package (LQFP) 95 3302E–USB–7/04 Packaging Information 48AA – LQFP PIN 1 B PIN 1 IDENTIFIER E1 e E D1 D C 0˚~7˚ A1 A2 A L COMMON DIMENSIONS (Unit of Measure = mm) Notes: 1. This package conforms to JEDEC reference MS-026, Variation BBC. 2. Dimensions D1 and E1 do not include mold protrusion. Allowable protrusion is 0.25 mm per side. Dimensions D1 and E1 are maximum plastic body size dimensions including mold mismatch. 3. Lead coplanarity is 0.08 mm maximum. SYMBOL MIN NOM MAX A – – 1.60 A1 0.05 – 0.15 A2 1.35 1.40 1.45 D 8.75 9.00 9.25 D1 6.90 7.00 7.10 E 8.75 9.00 9.25 E1 6.90 7.00 7.10 B 0.17 – 0.27 C 0.09 – 0.20 L 0.45 – 0.75 e NOTE Note 2 Note 2 0.50 TYP 10/5/2001 R 96 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131 TITLE 48AA, 48-lead, 7 x 7 mm Body Size, 1.4 mm Body Thickness, 0.5 mm Lead Pitch, Low Profile Plastic Quad Flat Package (LQFP) DRAWING NO. 48AA REV. C AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Errata Sheet Errata (All Date Codes): Missed Watchdog Timer Reset Problem There is a synchronization problem between the watchdog clock and the AVR clock. Even though the clock inputs to both the watchdog timer and the AVR core are generated through the same crystal, the two clock sources are not going through the same PLL. The AVR is clocked at 12 MHz and the watchdog timer is clocked at 1MHz. The WDR (Watchdog Reset) instruction is a one-clock-cycle instruction. As such, when a watchdog timer reset occurs due to a WDR, the watchdog timer may miss the reset. This happens frequently if the AVR is clocked much faster than the watchdog timer. Fix/Workaround A workaround is to invoke the WDR repetitively to ensure that the watchdog timer will be able to receive the reset signal. If the AVR runs at 12 MHz, the WDR command must be invoked fourteen times back to back. The following is the sample code for resetting and arming the watchdog timer, assuming the AVR is running at 12 MHz: asm ( "ldi r16,15\n WDR\n WDR\n WDR\n WDR\n WDR\n WDR\n WDR\n WDR\n WDR\n WDR\n WDR\n WDR\n WDR\n out 0x21,r16 " ); To disarm and disable the watchdog, do the following: asm ( "ldi r16,0x18\nldi r17,0x10\n\n out 0x21,r16\n out 0x21,r17 " ); Please note that if the AVR runs at 24 MHz, the WDR should be invoked twenty-six times. 97 3302E–USB–7/04 Change Log Doc. Rev. 3302E Comments • • 3302D 98 • Data Correction: number of on chip power supplies that generate 3.3V is three (See “On-chip Power Supply” on page 18.) Data Correction: timeout period data in Table 19 on page 51. Additions: Added an “Errata Sheet” on page 97, a “Change Log” on page 98 and a “Table of Contents” on page i. AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 AT43USB351M Table of Contents Features................................................................................................ 1 Description ........................................................................................... 1 Pin Configuration .................................................................................................. 2 Pin Assignment..................................................................................................... 3 Signal Description................................................................................................. 4 Architectural Overview........................................................................ 6 Development Support ......................................................................... 7 The General-purpose Register File .................................................... 8 X-, Y- and Z- Registers ......................................................................................... 9 ALU – Arithmetic Logic Unit.................................................................................. 9 Program Memory .................................................................................................. 9 SRAM Data Memory........................................................................................... 10 I/O Memory ......................................................................................................... 15 USB Function...................................................................................................... 16 Functional Description...................................................................... 18 On-chip Power Supply ........................................................................................ I/O Pin Characteristics ........................................................................................ Oscillator and PLL .............................................................................................. Reset and Interrupt Handling.............................................................................. Reset Sources .................................................................................................... Power-on Reset .................................................................................................. External Reset .................................................................................................... Watchdog Timer Reset ....................................................................................... Non-USB Related Interrupt Handling.................................................................. External Interrupts .............................................................................................. Interrupt Response Time .................................................................................... USB Interrupt Sources........................................................................................ USB Endpoint Interrupt Sources......................................................................... 18 18 18 19 21 22 23 23 23 28 28 30 31 AVR Register Set ............................................................................... 36 Status Register and Stack Pointer...................................................................... 36 Sleep Modes....................................................................................................... 37 Timer/Counters .................................................................................. 38 Timer/Counter Prescaler..................................................................................... 8-bit Timer/Counter0........................................................................................... 16-bit Timer/Counter1......................................................................................... 16-bit Timer/Counter1 Operation ........................................................................ Watchdog Timer ................................................................................................. Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) ......................................................................... Analog-to-digital Converter ................................................................................. 38 39 41 42 50 52 58 i 3302E–USB–7/04 I/O-Ports.............................................................................................. 65 Port A.................................................................................................................. 65 Port B.................................................................................................................. 67 Port D.................................................................................................................. 69 Programming the USB Module......................................................... 71 The USB Function .............................................................................................. USB Registers .................................................................................................... Endpoint Registers ............................................................................................. Suspend and Resume ........................................................................................ 71 78 79 87 Electrical Specification ..................................................................... 89 Absolute Maximum Ratings ................................................................................ 89 DC Characteristics.............................................................................................. 89 Ordering Information......................................................................... 95 Packaging Information ...................................................................... 96 48AA – LQFP ..................................................................................................... 96 Errata Sheet........................................................................................ 97 Problem .............................................................................................................. 97 Fix/Workaround .................................................................................................. 97 Change Log ........................................................................................ 98 Table of Contents ................................................................................. i ii AT43USB351M 3302E–USB–7/04 Atmel Corporation 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 487-2600 Regional Headquarters Europe Atmel Sarl Route des Arsenaux 41 Case Postale 80 CH-1705 Fribourg Switzerland Tel: (41) 26-426-5555 Fax: (41) 26-426-5500 Asia Room 1219 Chinachem Golden Plaza 77 Mody Road Tsimshatsui East Kowloon Hong Kong Tel: (852) 2721-9778 Fax: (852) 2722-1369 Japan 9F, Tonetsu Shinkawa Bldg. 1-24-8 Shinkawa Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033 Japan Tel: (81) 3-3523-3551 Fax: (81) 3-3523-7581 Atmel Operations Memory 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 436-4314 RF/Automotive Theresienstrasse 2 Postfach 3535 74025 Heilbronn, Germany Tel: (49) 71-31-67-0 Fax: (49) 71-31-67-2340 Microcontrollers 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 436-4314 La Chantrerie BP 70602 44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France Tel: (33) 2-40-18-18-18 Fax: (33) 2-40-18-19-60 ASIC/ASSP/Smart Cards 1150 East Cheyenne Mtn. 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The Company assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this document, reserves the right to change devices or specifications detailed herein at any time without notice, and does not make any commitment to update the information contained herein. No licenses to patents or other intellectual property of Atmel are granted by the Company in connection with the sale of Atmel products, expressly or by implication. Atmel’s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems. © Atmel Corporation 2004. All rights reserved. Atmel ® and combinations thereof, are the registered trademarks of Atmel Corporation or its subsidiaries. Other terms and product names may be the trademarks of others. Printed on recycled paper. 3302E–USB–7/04