Renesas EL7551CUZ-T13 Monolithic 1amp dc:dc step-down regulator Datasheet

DATASHEET
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGNS
SEE EL7531 OR EL7536
EL7551
FN7291
Rev 1.00
March 21, 2006
Monolithic 1Amp DC:DC Step-down Regulator
The EL7551 is an integrated, synchronous step-down
regulator with output voltage adjustable from 1.0V to 3.8V. It
is capable of delivering 1A continuous current at up to 95%
efficiency. The EL7551 operates at a constant frequency
pulse width modulation (PWM) mode, making external
synchronization possible. Patented on-chip resistorless
current sensing enables current mode control, which
provides cycle-by-cycle current limiting, over-current
protection, and excellent step load response. The EL7551 is
available in a fused-lead 16-pin QSOP package. With proper
external components, the whole converter fits into a less
than 0.4 in2 area. The minimal external components and
small size make this EL7551 ideal for desktop and portable
applications.
Features
• Integrated synchronous MOSFETs and current mode
controller
• 1A continuous output current
• Up to 95% efficiency
• 4.5V to 5.5V input voltage
• Adjustable output from 1V to 3.8V
• Cycle-by-cycle current limit
• Precision reference
• ±0.5% load and line regulation
• Adjustable switching frequency to 1.2MHz
The EL7551 is specified for operation over the -40°C to
+85°C temperature range.
• Oscillator synchronization possible
• Internal soft start
Pinout
• Over temperature protection
EL7551
(16-PIN QSOP)
TOP VIEW
• Under voltage lockout
• 16-pin QSOP package
• Pb-free plus anneal available (RoHS compliant)
C3
C4
0.1µF 270pF
1 SGND
PGND 16
2 COSC
VREF 15
Applications
C5
0.1µF
R3
3 VDD
39
FB 14
4 PGND
VDRV 13
5 PGND
LX 12
6 VIN
LX 11
7 VIN
VHI 10
8 EN
PGND 9
• DSP, CPU Core and IO Supplies
R2
R1 2.37k
1k
• Logic/Bus Supplies
L1
C1
10µF
ceramic
VIN
(4.5V-5.5V)
10µH
C6
0.1µF
• Portable Equipment
C7
VO
47µF (3.3V,1A)
• DC:DC Converter Modules
• GTL + Bus Power Supply
Ordering Information
PART
PART NUMBER MARKING
Manufactured under U.S. Patent No. 57,323,974
PACKAGE
TAPE &
REEL
PKG.
DWG. #
EL7551CU
7551CU
16-Pin QSOP
-
MDP0040
EL7551CU-T7
7551CU
16-Pin QSOP
7”
MDP0040
EL7551CU-T13
7551CU
16-Pin QSOP
13”
MDP0040
EL7551CUZ
(See Note)
7551CUZ
16-Pin QSOP
(Pb-free)
-
MDP0040
EL7551CUZ-T7
(See Note)
7551CUZ
16-Pin QSOP
(Pb-free)
7”
MDP0040
EL7551CUZ-T13 7551CUZ
(See Note)
16-Pin QSOP
(Pb-free)
13”
MDP0040
NOTE: Intersil Pb-free plus anneal products employ special Pb-free material
sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and 100% matte tin plate
termination finish, which are RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb
and Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil Pb-free products are MSL classified
at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free
requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
FN7291 Rev 1.00
March 21, 2006
Page 1 of 9
EL7551
EL7551
Absolute Maximum Ratings (TA = 25°C)
Supply Voltage between VIN or VDD and GND . . . . . . . . . . . . +6.5V
VLX Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIN +0.3V
Input Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND -0.3V, VDD +0.3V
VHI Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND -0.3V, VLX +6V
Storage Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C
Operating Ambient Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +85°C
Operating Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +135°
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
IMPORTANT NOTE: All parameters having Min/Max specifications are guaranteed. Typical values are for information purposes only. Unless otherwise noted, all tests
are at the specified temperature and are pulsed tests, therefore: TJ = TC = TA
DC Electrical Specifications
PARAMETER
VDD = VIN = 5V, TA = TJ = 25°C, COSC = 1.2nF, unless otherwise specified.
DESCRIPTION
VREF
Reference Accuracy
VREFTC
Reference Temperature Coefficient
VREFLOAD
Reference Load Regulation
VRAMP
Oscillator Ramp Amplitude
IOSC_CHG
Oscillator Charge Current
IOSC_DIS
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
1.24
1.26
1.28
V
50
0 < IREF < 50µA
ppm/°C
-1
%
1.15
V
0.1V < VOSC < 1.25V
200
µA
Oscillator Discharge Current
0.1V < VOSC < 1.25V
8
mA
IVDD+VDRV
VDD+VDRV Supply Current
VEN = 4V, FOSC = 120kHz
IVDD_OFF
VDD Standby Current
EN = 0
VDD_OFF
VDD for Shutdown
VDD_ON
VDD for Startup
TOT
Over Temperature Threshold
135
°C
THYS
Over Temperature Hysteresis
20
°C
ILEAK
Internal FET Leakage Current
ILMAX
Peak Current Limit
RDSON
FET On Resistance
RDSONTC
RDSON Tempco
VFB
Output Initial Accuracy
ILOAD = 0A
VFB_LINE
Output Line Regulation
VIN = 5V, VIN = 10%, ILOAD = 0A
0.5
%
VFB_LOAD
Output Load Regulation
0.1A < ILOAD < 1A
0.5
%
VFB_TC
Output Temperature Stability
-40°C < TA < 85°C, ILOAD = 0.5A
±1
%
IFB
Feedback Input Pull Up Current
VFB = 0V
100
200
nA
VEN_HI
EN Input High Level
3.2
4
V
VEN_LO
EN Input Low Level
IEN
Enable Pull Up Current
FN7291 Rev 1.00
March 21, 2006
3.5
5
mA
1
1.5
mA
3.5
4
V
3.95
4.45
V
EN = 0, LX = 5V (low FET), LX = 0V (high FET)
10
2
Wafer level test only
A
45
95
0.2
0.960
0.975
1
VEN = 0
-4
µA
m
m/°C
0.99
V
V
-2.5
µA
Page 2 of 9
EL7551
EL7551
Closed-Loop AC Electrical Specifications
PARAMETER
VS = VIN = 5V, TA = TJ = 25°C, COSC = 1.2nF, unless otherwise specified.
DESCRIPTION
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
105
117
130
kHz
FOSC
Oscillator Initial Accuracy
tSYNC
Minimum Oscillator Sync Width
25
ns
MSS
Soft Start Slope
0.5
V/ms
tBRM
FET Break Before Make Delay
15
ns
tLEB
High Side FET Minimum On Time
150
ns
DMAX
Maximum Duty Cycle
95
%
Pin Descriptions
PIN
NUMBER
PIN NAME
1
SGND
Control circuit negative supply.
2
COSC
Oscillator timing capacitor. FOSC can be approximated by: FOSC (kHz) = 0.1843/COSC, COSC in µF.
3
VDD
4
PGND
Ground return of the regulator. Connected to the source of the low-side synchronous NMOS power FET.
5
PGND
Ground return of the regulator. Connected to the source of the low-side synchronous NMOS power FET.
6
VIN
Power supply input of the regulator. Connected to the drain of the high-side NMOS power FET.
7
VIN
Power supply input of the regulator. Connected to the drain of the high-side NMOS power FET.
8
EN
Chip Enable, active high. A 2µA internal pull-up current enables the device if the pin is left open.
9
PGND
10
VHI
Positive supply of the high-side driver.
11
LX
Inductor drive pin. High current digital output whose average voltage equals the regulator output voltage.
12
LX
Inductor drive pin. High current digital output whose average voltage equals the regulator output voltage.
13
VDRV
14
FB
15
VREF
Bandgap reference bypass capacitor. Typically 0.1µF to GND.
16
PGND
Ground return of the regulator.
FN7291 Rev 1.00
March 21, 2006
PIN FUNCTION
Control circuit positive supply.
Ground return of the regulator.
Positive supply of the low-side driver and input voltage for the high-side boot strap.
Voltage feedback input. Connected to an external resistor divider between VOUT and GND. A 125nA pull-up current
forces VOUT to VS in the event that FB is floating.
Page 3 of 9
EL7551
EL7551
Typical Performance Curves
100
Efficiency vs IO
VIN=5V
0.25
VO=2.5V
95
VO=1.8V
VO=1.5V
0.2
Power Loss (W)
90
Efficiency (%)
Power Loss vs IO
VIN=5V
85
80
VO=3.3V
VO=1.2V
VO=1V
75
70
VO=3.3V
0.1
0.05
FS=500kHz
65
0.15
VO=1V
L=Coilcraft DO3316P-472
60
0.1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
100
0.8
1
0.8
1
Output Current IO (A)
Efficiency vs IO
VO=3.3V
0.6
Load Regulation
VO=3.3V
VIN=4.5V
95
0.4
Output Voltage (%)
90
Efficiency (%)
0.6
0.4
Load Current IO (A)
VIN=5V
85
VIN=5.5V
80
75
70
0.2
VIN=5V
0
VIN=4.5V
-0.2
-0.4
FS=500kHz
65
VIN=5.5V
L=Coilcraft DO3316P-472
60
-0.6
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.6
Load Current IO (A)
Line Regulation
VO=3.3V
VREF vs Temperature
1.258
0.5
1.256
0.4
1.254
IO=0.1A
0.2
VREF (V)
VO (%)
0.3
0.1
IO=1A
0
-0.1
1.25
1.248
1.244
-0.3
4.7
4.9
5.1
VIN (V)
FN7291 Rev 1.00
March 21, 2006
1.252
1.246
-0.2
-0.4
4.5
0.6
0.4
Load Current IO (A)
5.3
5.5
1.242
-40
10
60
110
160
Temperature (°C)
Page 4 of 9
EL7551
EL7551
Typical Performance Curves
(Continued)
Oscillator Frequency vs Temperature
Input Current vs Temperature
(Enable connected to GND)
0.96
VIN=5.5V
0.94
385
Input Current (mA)
Oscillator Frequency (kHz)
390
380
375
370
365
0.92
VIN=5V
0.9
VIN=4.5V
0.88
0.86
0.84
0.82
360
-40
0
40
80
120
0.8
-40
10
60
110
160
Temperature (°C)
Temperature (°C)
Switching Waveforms
VIN=5V, VO=3.8V, IO=1A
Switching Frequency vs COSC
1400
VI
1200
VLX
FS (kHz)
1000
800
600
VO
400
iL
200
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
COSC (pF)
Power-Up
VIN=5V, VO=3.8V, IO=1A
Transient Response
VIN=5V, VO=3.8V, IO=0A-1A
iO
VIN
VO
VO
FN7291 Rev 1.00
March 21, 2006
Page 5 of 9
EL7551
EL7551
Typical Performance Curves
(Continued)
Power-Down
VIN=5V, VO=3.8V, IO=1A
Releasing EN
VIN=5V, VO=3.8V, IO=1A
VIN
VO
VIN
VO
Short-Circuit Protection
VIN=5V
Shut-Down
VIN=5V, VO=3.8V, IO=1A
EN
iO
VO
VO
Block Diagram
0.1µF
VREF
Voltage
Reference
270pF
COSC
Oscillator
Thermal
Shut-down
VDRV
VHI
Controller
Supply
39
VDD
VIN
Power
0.1µF
PWM
Controller
0.1µF
FET
10µH
Drivers
VOUT
Power
47µF
FET
PGND
EN
2370
1k
Current
Sense
SGND
FN7291 Rev 1.00
March 21, 2006
FB
Page 6 of 9
EL7551
EL7551
Applications Information
Circuit Description
General
The EL7551 is a fixed frequency, current mode controlled
DC:DC converter with integrated N-channel power MOSFETs
and a high precision reference. The device incorporates all the
active circuitry required to implement a cost effective, userprogrammable 1A synchronous step-down regulator suitable
for use in DSP core power supplies.
Theory of Operation
The EL7551 is composed of 5 major blocks:
1. PWM Controller
2. NMOS Power FETs and Drive Circuitry
3. Bandgap Reference
4. Oscillator
5. Thermal Shut-down
PWM Controller
The EL7551 regulates output voltage through the use of
current-mode controlled pulse width modulation. The three
main elements in a PWM controller are the feedback loop and
reference, a pulse width modulator whose duty cycle is
controlled by the feedback error signal, and a filter which
averages the logic level modulator output. In a step-down
(buck) converter, the feedback loop forces the time-averaged
output of the modulator to equal the desired output voltage.
Unlike pure voltage-mode control systems, current-mode
control utilizes dual feedback loops to provide both output
voltage and inductor current information to the controller. The
voltage loop minimizes DC and transient errors in the output
voltage by adjusting the PWM duty-cycle in response to
changes in line or load conditions. Since the output voltage is
equal to the time-averaged of the modulator output, the
relatively large LC time constant found in power supply
applications generally results in low bandwidth and poor
transient response. By directly monitoring changes in inductor
current via a series sense resistor the controller's response
time is not entirely limited by the output LC filter and can react
more quickly to changes in line and load conditions. This feedforward characteristic also simplifies AC loop compensation
since it adds a zero to the overall loop response. Through
proper selection of the current-feedback to voltage-feedback
ratio the overall loop response will approach a one-pole
system. The resulting system offers several advantages over
traditional voltage control systems, including simpler loop
compensation, pulse by pulse current limiting, rapid response
to line variation and good load step response.
The heart of the controller is an input direct summing
comparator which sum voltage feedback, current feedback,
slope compensation ramp and power tracking signals together.
Slope compensation is required to prevent system instability
that occurs in current-mode topologies operating at duty-cycles
FN7291 Rev 1.00
March 21, 2006
greater than 50% and is also used to define the open-loop gain
of the overall system. The slope compensation is fixed
internally and optimized for 500mA inductor ripple current. The
power tracking will not contribute any input to the comparator
steady-state operation. Current feedback is measured by the
patented sensing scheme that senses the inductor current
flowing through the high-side switch whenever it is conducting.
At the beginning of each oscillator period the high-side NMOS
switch is turned on. The comparator inputs are gated off for a
minimum period of time of about 150ns (LEB) after the highside switch is turned on to allow the system to settle. The
Leading Edge Blanking (LEB) period prevents the detection of
erroneous voltages at the comparator inputs due to switching
noise. If the inductor current exceeds the maximum current
limit (ILMAX) a secondary over-current comparator will
terminate the high-side switch on time. If ILMAX has not been
reached, the feedback voltage FB derived from the regulator
output voltage VOUT is then compared to the internal
feedback reference voltage. The resultant error voltage is
summed with the current feedback and slope compensation
ramp. The high-side switch remains on until all four comparator
inputs have summed to zero, at which time the high-side
switch is turned off and the low-side switch is turned on.
However, the maximum on-duty ratio of the high-side switch is
limited to 95%. In order to eliminate cross-conduction of the
high-side and low-side switches a 15ns break-before-make
delay is incorporated in the switch drive circuitry. The output
enable (EN) input allows the regulator output to be disabled by
an external logic control signal.
Output Voltage Setting
In general:
R 2

V OUT = 0.975V   1 + -------
R 1

However, due to the relatively low open loop gain of the
system, gain errors will occur as the output voltage and loopgain is changed. This is shown in the performance curves. A
100nA pull-up current from FB to VDD forces VOUT to GND in
the event that FB is floating.
NMOS Power FETs and Drive Circuitry
The EL7551 integrates low on-resistance (60m) NMOS FETs
to achieve high efficiency at 1A. In order to use an NMOS
switch for the high-side drive it is necessary to drive the gate
voltage above the source voltage (LX). This is accomplished
by bootstrapping the VHI pin above the LX voltage with an
external capacitor CVHI and internal switch and diode. When
the low-side switch is turned on and the LX voltage is close to
GND potential, capacitor CVHI is charged through internal
switch to VDRV, typically 5V. At the beginning of the next cycle
the high-side switch turns on and the LX pins begin to rise from
GND to VIN potential. As the LX pin rises the positive plate of
capacitor CVHI follows and eventually reaches a value of
VDRV+VIN, typically 10V, for VDRV=VIN=5V. This voltage is
Page 7 of 9
EL7551
EL7551
then level shifted and used to drive the gate of the high-side
FET, via the VHI pin. A value of 0.1µF for CVHI is
recommended.
and temperature variations. Figure 1 shows a typical
connection.
Reference
A 1.5% temperature compensated bandgap reference is
integrated in the EL7551. The external VREF capacitor acts as
the dominant pole of the amplifier and can be increased in size
to maximize transient noise rejection. A value of 0.1µF is
recommended.
100pF
External
Oscillator
Oscillator
The system clock is generated by an internal relaxation
oscillator with a maximum duty-cycle of approximately 95%.
Operating frequency can be adjusted through the COSC pin or
can be driven by an external source. If the oscillator is driven
by an external source care must be taken in selecting the ramp
amplitude. Since CSLOPE value is derived from the COSC
ramp, changes to COSC ramp will change the CSLOPE
compensation ramp which determine the open-loop gain of the
system.
When external synchronization is required, always choose
COSC such that the free-running frequency is at least 20%
lower than that of sync source to accommodate component
1
16
2
15
3
14
6
11
7
10
8
9
BAT54S
EL7551
FIGURE 1. OSCILLATOR SYNCHRONIZATION
Thermal Shut-down
An internal temperature sensor continuously monitors die
temperature. In the event that die temperature exceeds the
thermal trip-point, the system is in fault state and will be shut
down. The upper and low trip-points are set to 135°C and
115°C respectively.
Start-up Delay
A capacitor can be added to the EN pin to delay the converter
start-up (Figure 2) by utilizing the pull-up current. The delay
time is approximately:
t d  ms  = 1200  C  F 
1
16
2
15
3
14
6
11
7
10
8
9
VOUT
VIN
C
VO
td
TIME
EL7551
FIGURE 2. START-UP DELAY
FN7291 Rev 1.00
March 21, 2006
Page 8 of 9
EL7551
EL7551
Layout Considerations
The layout is very important for the converter to function
properly. Power Ground (
) and Signal Ground ( )
should be separated to ensure that the high pulse current in
the Power Ground never interferes with the sensitive signals
connected to Signal Ground. They should only be connected
at one point (normally at the negative side of either the input
or output capacitor.)
The trace connected to pin 14 (FB) is the most sensitive
trace. It needs to be as short as possible and in a “quiet”
place, preferably between PGND or SGND traces.
In addition, the bypass capacitor connected to the VDD pin
needs to be as close to the pin as possible.
The heat of the chip is mainly dissipated through the PGND
pins. Maximizing the copper area around these pins is
preferable. In addition, a solid ground plane is always helpful
for the EMI performance.
The demo board is a good example of layout based on these
principles. Please refer to the EL7551 Application Brief for
the layout.
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For additional products, see www.intersil.com/en/products.html
Intersil products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9001 quality systems as noted
in the quality certifications found at www.intersil.com/en/support/qualandreliability.html
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil may modify the circuit design and/or specifications of products at any time without notice, provided that such
modification does not, in Intersil's sole judgment, affect the form, fit or function of the product. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that datasheets are
current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its
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FN7291 Rev 1.00
March 21, 2006
Page 9 of 9
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