Fairchild FAN5026MTCX Dual ddr/dual-output pwm controller Datasheet

FAN5026
Dual DDR/Dual-Output PWM Controller
Features
General Description
■ Highly flexible dual synchronous switching PWM
The FAN5026 PWM controller provides high efficiency
and regulation for two output voltages adjustable in the
range from 0.9V to 5.5V that are required to power I/O,
chip-sets, and memory banks in high-performance computers, set top boxes, and VGA cards. Synchronous rectification contributes to high efficiency over a wide range
of loads. Efficiency is even further enhanced by using
MOSFET’s RDS(ON) as a current sense component.
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
controller includes modes for:
– DDR mode with in-phase operation for reduced
channel interference
– 90° phase shifted two-stage DDR Mode for reduced
input ripple
– Dual Independent regulators 180° phase shifted
Complete DDR Memory power solution
– VTT Tracks VDDQ/2
– VDDQ/2 Buffered Reference Output
Lossless current sensing on low-side MOSFET or
Precision current sensing using sense resistor
VCC Under-voltage Lockout
Wide power input range: 3 to 16V
Excellent dynamic response with Voltage
Feed-Forward and Average Current Mode control
Power-Good Signal
Supports DDR-II and HSTL
TSSOP28 package
Feed-forward ramp modulation, average current mode
control scheme, and internal feedback compensation
provide fast response to load transients. Out-of-phase
operation with 180° phase shift reduces input current
ripple. The controller can be transformed into a complete DDR memory power supply solution by activating a
designated pin. In DDR mode of operation one of the
channels tracks the output voltage of another channel
and provides output current sink and source capability —
features essential for proper powering of DDR chips. The
buffered reference voltage required by this type of memory is also provided. The FAN5026 monitors these outputs and generates separate PGx (power good) signals
when the soft-start is completed and the output is within
±10% of its set point. A built-in over-voltage protection
prevents the output voltage from going above 120% of
the set point. Normal operation is automatically restored
when the over-voltage conditions go away. Under-voltage protection latches the chip off when either output
drops below 75% of its set value after the soft-start
sequence for this output is completed. An adjustable
over-current function monitors the output current by
sensing the voltage drop across the lower MOSFET. If
precision current-sensing is required, an external current-sense resistor may optionally be used.
Applications
■ DDR VDDQ and VTT voltage generation
■ Desktop computer
■ Graphics cards
Ordering Information
Part Number
Temperature Range
Package
Packing
FAN5026MTC
-40°C to 85°C
TSSOP-28
Rails
FAN5026MTCX
-40°C to 85°C
TSSOP-28
Tape and Reel
©2005 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation
FAN5026 Rev. 1.0.5
1
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FAN5026 Dual DDR/Dual-Output PWM Controller
October 2005
FAN5026 Dual DDR/Dual-Output PWM Controller
Block Diagrams
+5
VCC
VIN (BATTERY)
= 3 to 16V
FAN5026
Q1
ILIM1
L OUT1
VOUT1
= 2.5V
PWM 1
COUT1
Q2
DDR
VIN (BATTERY)
Q3
ILIM2/
REF2
L OUT2
VOUT2
= 1.8V
PWM 2
COUT2
Q4
Figure 1. Dual Output Regulator
+5
VCC
VIN (BATTERY)
= 3 to 16V
FAN5026
Q1
ILIM1
L OUT1
PWM 1
Q2
VDDQ
= 2.5V
COUT1
R
+5
DDR
R
Q3
L OUT2
PG2/REF
VTT =
VDDQ/2
1.25V
Q4
PWM 2
COUT2
ILIM2/REF2
Figure 2. Typical Application
2
FAN5026 Rev. 1.0.5
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AGND
LDRV1
PGND1
SW1
HDRV1
BOOT1
ISNS1
EN1
GND
VSEN1
ILIM1
SS1
DDR
VIN
1
2
28
27
3
4
26
25
5
6
24
23
7
8
FAN5026
22
21
9
10
20
19
11
12
18
17
13
14
16
15
VCC
LDRV2
PGND2
SW2
HDRV2
BOOT2
ISNS2
EN2
GND
VSEN2
ILIM2/REF2
SS2
PG2/REF2OUT
PG1
TSSOP-28
θJA = 50°C/W; θJC = 16°C/W. See note below.
Note: θJA and θJC values are determined using a 4 layer, 1" square PCB with 1 ounce copper.
Pin Definitions
Pin
Number
Pin Name
1
AGND
Analog Ground. This is the signal ground reference for the IC. All voltage levels are
measured with respect to this pin.
2
27
LDRV1
LDRV2
Low-Side Drive. The low-side (lower) MOSFET driver output. Connect to gate of
low-side MOSFET.
3
26
PGND1
PGND2
Power Ground. The return for the low-side MOSFET driver. Connect to source of
low-side MOSFET.
4
25
SW1
SW2
5
24
HDRV1
High-Side Drive. High-side (upper) MOSFET driver output. Connect to gate of high-side
MOSFET.
6
23
BOOT1
BOOT2
BOOT. Positive supply for the upper MOSFET driver. Connect as shown in Figure 3.
7
22
ISNS1
ISNS2
Current Sense Input. Monitors the voltage drop across the lower MOSFET or external
sense resistor for current feedback.
8
21
EN1
EN2
Enable. Enables operation when pulled to logic high. Toggling EN will also reset the
regulator after a latched fault condition. These are CMOS inputs whose state is
indeterminate if left open.
9
20
GND
Ground. These pins should be tied to AGND for proper operation.
10
19
VSEN1
VSEN2
11
ILIM1
12
17
SS1
SS2
Pin Function Description
Switching Node. Return for the high-side MOSFET driver and a current sense input.
Connect to source of high-side MOSFET and low-side MOSFET drain.
Output Voltage Sense. The feedback from the outputs. Used for regulation as well as
PG, under-voltage and over-voltage protection and monitoring.
Current Limit 1. A resistor from this pin to GND sets the current limit.
Soft Start. A capacitor from this pin to GND programs the slew rate of the converter
during initialization. During initialization, this pin is charged with a 5µA current source.
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FAN5026 Dual DDR/Dual-Output PWM Controller
Pin Configurations
Pin
Number
Pin Name
13
DDR
DDR Mode Control. High = DDR mode. Low = 2 separate regulators operating 180° out
of phase.
14
VIN
Input Voltage. Normally connected to battery, provides voltage feed-forward to set the
amplitude of the internal oscillator ramp. When using the IC for 2-step conversion from 5V
input, connect through 100K to ground, which will set the appropriate ramp gain and
synchronize the channels 90° out of phase.
15
PG1
Power Good Flag. An open-drain output that will pull LOW when VSEN is outside of a
±10% range of the 0.9V reference.
16
PG2 /
REF2OUT
Power Good 2. When not in DDR Mode: Open-drain output that pulls LOW when the
VOUT is out of regulation or in a fault condition
Reference Out 2. When in DDR Mode, provides a buffered output of REF2. Typically
used as the VDDQ/2 reference.
18
ILIM2 /
REF2
28
VCC
Pin Function Description
Current Limit 2. When not in DDR Mode, A resistor from this pin to GND sets the current
limit.
Reference for reg #2 when in DDR Mode. Typically set to VOUT1/2.
VCC. This pin powers the chip as well as the LDRV buffers. The IC starts to operate
when voltage on this pin exceeds 4.6V (UVLO rising) and shuts down when it drops
below 4.3V (UVLO falling).
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Absolute maximum ratings are the values beyond which the device may be damaged or have its useful life impaired.
Functional operation under these conditions is not implied.
Parameter
Max.
Units
VCC Supply Voltage
Min.
Typ.
6.5
V
VIN
18
V
BOOT, SW, ISNS, HDRV
24
V
BOOT to SW
6.5
V
All Other Pins
–0.3
VCC+0.3
V
Junction Temperature (TJ)
–40
150
°C
Storage Temperature
–65
150
°C
300
°C
Lead Soldering Temperature, 10 seconds
Recommended Operating Conditions
Parameter
Conditions
Supply Voltage VCC
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units
4.75
5
5.25
V
16
V
85
°C
Supply Voltage VIN
Ambient Temperature (TA)
note 1
–40
4
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FAN5026 Dual DDR/Dual-Output PWM Controller
Pin Definitions (Continued)
Recommended operating conditions, unless otherwise noted.
Parameter
Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units
2.2
3.0
mA
30
µA
30
µA
–30
µA
1
µA
Power Supplies
VCC Current
LDRV, HDRV Open, VSEN forced
above regulation point
Shut-down (EN=0)
VIN Current – Sinking
VIN = 15V
VIN Current – Sourcing
VIN = 0V
10
–15
VIN Current – Shut-down
UVLO Threshold
Rising VCC
4.3
4.55
4.75
V
Falling
4.1
4.25
4.45
V
UVLO Hysteresis
300
mV
Oscillator
Frequency
255
300
345
KHz
Ramp Amplitude, pk–pk
VIN = 16V
2
V
Ramp Amplitude, pk–pk
VIN = 5V
1.25
V
0.5
V
Ramp / VIN Gain
VIN ≥ 3V
125
mV/V
Ramp / VIN Gain
1V < VIN < 3V
250
mV/V
Ramp Offset
Reference and Soft Start
Internal Reference Voltage
Soft Start Current (ISS)
0.891
at start-up
Soft Start Complete Threshold
0.9
0.909
V
–5
µA
1.5
V
PWM Converters
Load Regulation
IOUTX from 0 to 5A,
VIN from 5 to 15V
-2
VSEN Bias Current
50
80
+2
%
120
nA
Under-Voltage Shutdown
as % of set point. 2µS noise filter
70
75
80
%
Over-Voltage Threshold
as % of set point. 2µS noise filter
115
120
125
%
ISNS Over-Current Threshold
RILIM= 68.5KΩ see Figure 10.
112
140
168
µA
Minimum Duty Cycle
10
%
Output Drivers
HDRV Output Resistance
LDRV Output Resistance
Sourcing
12
15
Ω
Sinking
2.4
4
Ω
Sourcing
12
15
Ω
Sinking
1.2
2
Ω
PG (Power Good Output) and Control pins
as % of set point, 2µS noise filter
–86
–94
%
Upper Threshold
as % of set point, 2µS noise filter
108
116
%
PG Output Low
IPG = 4mA
0.5
V
Leakage Current
VPULLUP = 5V
PG2/REF2OUT Voltage
DDR = 1, 0 mA < IREF2OUT < 10mA
Lower Threshold
99
1
µA
1.01
% VREF2
DDR, EN Inputs
Input High
2
Input Low
5
FAN5026 Rev. 1.0.5
V
0.8
V
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FAN5026 Dual DDR/Dual-Output PWM Controller
Electrical Specifications
VDD
CBOOT
BOOT
EN
VIN
POR/UVLO
Q1
DDR
HDRV
ADAPTIVE
GATE
CONTROL LOGIC
DDR
VIN
Q2
VDD
RAMP
OSC
VOUT
SW
OVP
CLK
L OUT
COUT
LDRV
PGND
Q
PWM
S/H
S R
PWM
RAMP
ILIM det.
VSEN
ISNS
RSENSE
CURRENT PROCESSING
EA
IOUT
?
ILIM
R ILIM
SS
PGOOD
VREF
Reference and
Soft Start
DDR
REF2
Figure 3. IC Block Diagram
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FAN5026 Dual DDR/Dual-Output PWM Controller
5V
FAN5026 Dual DDR/Dual-Output PWM Controller
Typical Applications
VIN = 3 to 16V
VCC
+5
VIN
14
28
6
C4
ILIM1
EN1
SS1
+5
C2
11
8
4
PWM 1
+5
3
PG1
7
15
10
DDR
EN2
SS2
C3
23
21
17
C6
R7
R5
PGND2
ISNS1
VSEN1
BOOT2
R6
D2
24
+5
C7
HDRV2
SW2
L2
VTT = VDDQ/2
Q2B
16
VDDQ = 2.5V
LDRV1
Q2A
1.25V@10mA
PWM 2
27
AGND
L1
SW1
R1
13
25
PG2/REF
C5
HDRV1
Q1B
2
12
R4
+5
D1
Q1A
5
R3
C9
C1
BOOT1
9
26
20
22
1
19
18
R2
C8
LDRV2
PGND2
R8
ISNS2
VSEN2
ILIM2/REF2
Figure 4. DDR Regulator Application
Table 1. DDR Regulator BOM
Description
Qty
Ref.
Vendor
Part Number
Capacitor 68µF, Tantalum, 25V, ESR 150mΩ
1
C1
AVX
Capacitor 10nF, Ceramic
2
C2, C3
Any
Capacitor 68µF, Tantalum, 6V, ESR 1.8Ω
1
C4
AVX
Capacitor 150nF, Ceramic
2
C5, C7
Any
Capacitor 180µF, Specialty Polymer 4V, ESR 15mΩ
2
C6A, C6B
Panasonic
EEFUE0G181R
Capacitor 1000µF, Specialty Polymer 4V, ESR 10mΩ
1
C8
Kemet
T510E108(1)004AS4115
Capacitor 0.1µF, Ceramic
1
C9
Any
1.82KΩ, 1% Resistor
3
R1, R2, R6
Any
56.2KΩ, 1% Resistor
1
R3
Any
TPSV686*025#0150
TAJB686*006
10KΩ, 5% Resistor
1
R4
Any
3.24KΩ, 1% Resistor
1
R5
Any
1.5KΩ, 1% Resistor
2
R7, R8
Any
Schottky Diode 30V
2
D1, D2
Fairchild
BAT54
Inductor 6.4µH, 6A, 8.64mΩ
1
L1
Panasonic
ETQ-P6F6R4HFA
Inductor 0.8µH, 6A, 2.24mΩ
1
L2
Panasonic
ETQ-P6F0R8LFA
Dual MOSFET with Schottky
2
Q1, Q2
Fairchild
FDS6986S (note 1)
DDR Controller
1
U1
Fairchild
FAN5026
Notes:
1. Suitable for applications of 4A continuous, 6A peak for VDDQ. If continuous operation above 6A is required use single SO-8
packages for Q1A (FDS6612A) and Q1B (FDS6690S) respectively. Using FDS6690S, change R7 to 1200 Ω. Refer to Power
MOSFET Selection, page 14 for more information.
2. C6 = 2 X 180µF in parallel.
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FAN5026 Dual DDR/Dual-Output PWM Controller
Typical Applications (Continued)
VIN = 3 to 16V
VCC
+5
VIN
14
28
C9
C1
6
D1
BOOT1
C4
+5
Q1A
5
R2
ILIM1
EN1
SS1
C2
11
4
HDRV1
L1
SW1
2.5V@4A
C6
8
Q1B
PWM 1
12
2
+5
3
R3
7
PG1
C5
15
10
21
23
LDRV1
R4
R6
PGND2
ISNS1
R5
VSEN1
VIN
EN2
BOOT2
D2
Q2A
PG2
SS2
16
24
17
25
C3
AGND
DDR
GND
GND
HDRV2
+5
C7
SW2
L2
1.8V@2A
Q2B
1
PWM 2
13
27
20
26
9
22
19
18
C8
LDRV2
R7
R8
PGND2
ISNS2
R9
VSEN2
R1
ILIM2
Figure 5. Dual Regulator Application
Table 2. Dual Regulator BOM
Description
Qty
Ref.
Vendor
Capacitor 68µF, Tantalum, 25V, ESR 95mΩ
1
C1
AVX
Capacitor 10nF, Ceramic
2
C2, C3
Any
Capacitor 68µF, Tantalum, 6V, ESR 1.8Ω
1
C4
AVX
Part Number
TPSV686*025#095
TAJB686*006
Capacitor 150nF, Ceramic
2
C5, C7
Any
Capacitor 330µF, Poscap, 4V, ESR 40mΩ
2
C6, C8
Sanyo
Capacitor 0.1µF, Ceramic
2
C9
Any
56.2KΩ, 1% Resistor
1
R1, R2
Any
10KΩ, 5% Resistor
1
R3
Any
3.24KΩ, 1% Resistor
1
R4
Any
1.82KΩ, 1% Resistor
3
R5, R8, R9
Any
1.5KΩ, 1% Resistor
2
R6, R7
Any
Schottky Diode 30V
2
D1, D2
Fairchild
BAT54
Inductor 6.4µH, 6A, 8.64mΩ
2
L1, L2
Panasonic
ETQ-P6F6R4HFA
4TPB330ML
Dual MOSFET with Schottky
1
Q1
Fairchild
FDS6986S (note 1)
DDR Controller
1
U1
Fairchild
FAN5026
Note:
1. If currents above 4A continuous required, use single SO-8 packages for Q1A/Q2A (FDS6612A) and Q1B/Q2B (FDS6690S)
respectively. Using FDS6690S, change R6/R7 as required. Refer to Power MOSFET Selection, page 14 for more information.
8
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CLK
Overview
VDDQ
The FAN5026 is a multi-mode, dual channel PWM controller intended for graphic chipset, SDRAM, DDR DRAM
or other low output voltage power applications in PC’s,
VGA Cards and set top boxes. The IC integrates a control circuitry for two synchronous buck converters. The
output voltage of each controller can be set in the range
of 0.9V to 5.5V by an external resistor divider.
VTT
Figure 6. Noise-Susceptible 180° Phasing for
DDR1
In-phase operation is optimal to reduce inter-converter
interference when VIN is higher than 5V, (when VIN is
from a battery), as can be seen in Figure 7. Since the
duty cycle of PWM1 (generating VDDQ) is short, its
switching point occurs far away from the decision point
for the VTT regulator, whose duty cycle is nominally 50%.
The two synchronous buck converters can operate from
either an unregulated DC source (such as a notebook
battery) with voltage ranging from 5.0V to 16V, or from a
regulated system rail of 3.3V to 5V. In either mode of
operation the IC is biased from a +5V source. The PWM
modulators use an average current mode control with
input voltage feed-forward for simplified feedback loop
compensation and improved line regulation. Both PWM
controllers have integrated feedback loop compensation that dramatically reduces the number of external
components.
CLK
VDDQ
The FAN5026 can be configured to operate as a complete DDR solution. When the DDR pin is set high, the
second channel can provide the capability to track the
output voltage of the first channel. The PWM2 converter
is prevented from going into hysteretic mode if the DDR
pin is set high. In DDR mode, a buffered reference voltage (buffered voltage of the REF2 pin), required by DDR
memory chips, is provided by the PG2 pin.
VTT
Figure 7. Optimal In-Phase Operation for DDR1
When VIN ≈ 5V, 180° phase shifted operation can be
rejected for the same reasons demonstrated Figure 6.
In-phase operation with VIN ≈ 5V is even worse, since
the switch point of either converter occurs near the
switch point of the other converter as seen in Figure 8. In
this case, as VIN is a little higher than 5V it will tend to
cause early termination of the VTT pulse width. Conversely, VTT’s switch point can cause early termination
of the VDDQ pulse width when VIN is slightly lower than
5V.
Converter Modes and Synchronization
Table 3. Converter Modes and Synchronization
Mode VIN
VIN Pin
DDR
Pin
PWM 2 w.r.t.
PWM1
DDR1
Battery VIN
HIGH
IN PHASE
DDR2
+5V
R to GND
HIGH
+ 90°
DUAL
ANY
VIN
LOW
+ 180°
CLK
VDDQ
When used as a dual converter (as in Figure 5), out-ofphase operation with 180 degree phase shift reduces
input current ripple.
VTT
For the “2-step” conversion (where the VTT is converted
from VDDQ as in Figure 4) used in DDR mode, the duty
cycle of the second converter is nominally 50% and the
optimal phasing depends on VIN. The objective is to
keep noise generated from the switching transition in one
converter from influencing the “decision” to switch in the
other converter.
Figure 8. Noise-Susceptible In-Phase Operation
for DDR2
These problems are nicely solved by delaying the 2nd
converter's clock by 90° as shown in Figure 9. In this
way, all switching transitions in one converter take place
far away from the decision points of the other converter.
When VIN is from the battery, it’s typically higher than
7.5V. As shown in Figure 6, 180° operation is undesirable since the turn-on of the VDDQ converter occurs
very near the decision point of the VTT converter.
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FAN5026 Dual DDR/Dual-Output PWM Controller
Circuit Description
The following discussion refers to Figure 10.
The current through RSENSE resistor (ISNS) is sampled
shortly after Q2 is turned on. That current is held, and
summed with the output of the error amplifier. This effectively creates a current mode control loop. The resistor
connected to ISNSx pin (RSENSE) sets the gain in the
current feedback loop. For stable operation, the voltage
induced by the current feedback at the PWM comparator
input should be set to 30% of the ramp amplitude at
maximum load current and line voltage. The following
expression estimates the recommended value of RSENSE
as a function of the maximum load current (ILOAD(MAX))
and the value of the MOSFET’s RDS(ON):
VDDQ
VTT
Figure 9. Optimal 90° Phasing for DDR2
Initialization and Soft Start
Assuming EN is high, FAN5026 is initialized when VCC
exceeds the rising UVLO threshold. Should VCC drop
below the UVLO threshold, an internal Power-On Reset
function disables the chip.
I LOAD ( MAX ) • R DS ( ON ) • 4.1K
R SENSE = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- – 100
30% • 0.125 • V IN ( MAX )
The voltage at the positive input of the error amplifier is
limited by the voltage at the SS pin which is charged with
a 5µA current source. Once CSS has charged to VREF
(0.9V) the output voltage will be in regulation. The time it
takes SS to reach 0.9V is:
RSENSE must, however, be kept higher than:
0.9 × C SS
T 0.9 = ------------------------5
I LOAD ( MAX ) • R DS ( ON )
- – 100
R SENSE ( MIN ) = ---------------------------------------------------------150µA
(1)
(2a)
(2b)
where T0.9 is in seconds if CSS is in µF.
When SS reaches 1.5V, the Power Good outputs are
enabled and hysteretic mode is allowed. The converter is
forced into PWM mode during soft start.
0.17pF
1.5M
S/H
17pF
300K
4.14K
VSEN
V to I
in +
I1A =
ISNS
TO PWM COMP
ISNS
RSENSE
I1B =
ISNS
9
LDRV
in –
PGND
CSS
SS
Reference and
Soft Start
ILIM det.
0.9V
2.5V
I2 =
ILIM
RILIM
4 * ILIM
3
ILIM mirror
Figure 10. Current Limit / Summing Circuits
10
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FAN5026 Dual DDR/Dual-Output PWM Controller
Current Processing Section
CLK
Gate Driver Section
A ratio of ISNS is also compared to the current
established when a 0.9 V internal reference drives the
ILIM pin. The threshold is determined at the point when
the ISNS ILIM × 4 . Since
--------------- > ---------------------9
3
The adaptive gate control logic translates the internal
PWM control signal into the MOSFET gate drive signals
providing necessary amplification, level shifting and
shoot-through protection. Also, it has functions that help
optimize the IC performance over a wide range of operating conditions. Since MOSFET switching time can vary
dramatically from type to type and with the input voltage,
the gate control logic provides adaptive dead time by
monitoring the gate-to-source voltages of both upper and
lower MOSFETs. The lower MOSFET drive is not turned
on until the gate-to-source voltage of the upper MOSFET
has decreased to less than approximately 1 volt. Similarly, the upper MOSFET is not turned on until the gateto-source voltage of the lower MOSFET has decreased
to less than approximately 1 volt. This allows a wide variety of upper and lower MOSFETs to be used without a
concern for simultaneous conduction, or shoot-through.
I LOAD × R DS ( ON )
ISNS = -------------------------------------------100 + R SENSE
therefore,
0.9V 4 9 × ( 100 + R SENSE )
I LIMIT = -------------- × --- × ---------------------------------------------------R DS ( ON )
R ILIM 3
or
10.8 ( 100 + R SENSE )
R ILIM = --------------- × ------------------------------------------R DS ( ON )
I LIMIT
(3a)
(3b)
Since the tolerance on the current limit is largely dependent on the ratio of the external resistors, it is fairly accurate if the voltage drop on the Switching Node side of
RSENSE is an accurate representation of the load current.
When using the MOSFET as the sensing element, the
variation of RDS(ON) causes proportional variation in the
ISNS. This value not only varies from device to device,
but also has a typical junction temperature coefficient of
about 0.4%/°C (consult the MOSFET datasheet for
actual values), so the actual current limit set point will
decrease proportional to increasing MOSFET die temperature. A factor of 1.6 in the current limit setpoint
should compensate for all MOSFET RDS(ON) variations,
assuming the MOSFET’s heat sinking will keep its operating die temperature below 125°C.
There must be a low-resistance, low-inductance path
between the driver pin and the MOSFET gate for the
adaptive dead-time circuit to work properly. Any delay
along that path will subtract from the delay generated by
the adaptive dead-time circuit and shoot-through may
occur.
Frequency Loop Compensation
Due to the implemented current mode control, the modulator has a single pole response with -1 slope at frequency determined by load
1
F PO = -----------------------2πR O C O
where RO is load resistance and CO is load capacitance.
For this type of modulator, Type 2 compensation circuit is
usually sufficient. To reduce the number of external components and simplify the design task, the PWM controller
has an internally compensated error amplifier. Figure 12
shows a Type 2 amplifier and its response along with the
responses of a current mode modulator and of the converter. The Type 2 amplifier, in addition to the pole at the
origin, has a zero-pole pair that causes a flat gain region
at frequencies between the zero and the pole.
Q2
LDRV
ISNS
(5)
RSENSE
R1
PGND
Figure 11. Improving Current Sensing Accuracy
1
F Z = ---------------------- = 6kHz
2πR 2 C 1
(6a)
More accurate sensing can be achieved by using a resistor (R1) instead of the RDS(ON) of the FET as shown in
Figure 11. This approach causes higher losses, but
yields greater accuracy in both VDROOP and ILIMIT. R1 is
a low value (e.g. 10mΩ) resistor.
1
F P = ---------------------- = 600kHz
2πR 2 C 2
(6b)
This region is also associated with phase ‘bump’ or
reduced phase shift. The amount of phase shift reduction
depends the width of the region of flat gain and has a
maximum value of 90 degrees. To further simplify the
converter compensation, the modulator gain is kept independent of the input voltage variation by providing feedforward of VIN to the oscillator ramp.
Current limit (ILIMIT) should be set sufficiently high as to
allow inductor current to rise in response to an output
load transient. Typically, a factor of 1.3 is sufficient. In
addition, since ILIMIT is a peak current cut-off value, we
will need to multiply ILOAD(MAX) by the inductor ripple current (we'll use 25%). For example, in Figure 5 the target
for ILIMIT would be:
ILIMIT > 1.2 × 1.25 × 1.6 × 6A ≈ 14A
(4)
11
FAN5026 Rev. 1.0.5
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FAN5026 Dual DDR/Dual-Output PWM Controller
Setting the Current Limit
L ( OUT ) × C ( OUT )
C ( Z ) = ------------------------------------------------------R5
R2 C1
R1
(7)
VIN
Protection
EA Out
REF
The converter output is monitored and protected against
extreme overload, short circuit, over-voltage and undervoltage conditions.
C
ve
rte
r
18
A sustained overload on an output sets the PGx pin low
and latches-off the whole chip. Operation can be
restored by cycling the VCC voltage or by toggling the
EN pin.
on
err
or a
mp
modulator
If VOUT drops below the under-voltage threshold, the
chip shuts down immediately.
14
0
F P0
FZ
FP
Over-Current Sensing
If the circuit’s current limit signal (“ILIM det” as shown in
Figure 10) is high at the beginning of a clock cycle, a
pulse-skipping circuit is activated and HDRV is inhibited.
The circuit continues to pulse skip in this manner for the
next 8 clock cycles. If at any time from the 9th to the 16th
clock cycle, the “ILIM det” is again reached, the overcurrent protection latch is set, disabling the chip. If “ILIM
det” does not occur between cycle 9 and 16, normal operation is restored and the over-current circuit resets itself.
Figure 12. Compensation
The zero frequency, the amplifier high frequency gain
and the modulator gain are chosen to satisfy most typical
applications. The crossover frequency will appear at the
point where the modulator attenuation equals the amplifier high frequency gain. The only task that the system
designer has to complete is to specify the output filter
capacitors to position the load main pole somewhere
within one decade lower than the amplifier zero frequency. With this type of compensation plenty of phase
margin is easily achieved due to zero-pole pair phase
‘boost’.
PGOOD
1
Conditional stability may occur only when the main load
pole is positioned too much to the left side on the frequency axis due to excessive output filter capacitance. In
this case, the ESR zero placed within the 10kHz...50kHz
range gives some additional phase ‘boost’. Fortunately,
there is an opposite trend in mobile applications to keep
the output capacitor as small as possible.
SHUTDOWN
2
VOUT
3
If a larger inductor value or low ESR values are called for
by the application, additional phase margin can be
achieved by putting a zero at the LC crossover frequency. This can be achieved with a capacitor across the
feedback resistor (e.g. R5 from Figure 5) as shown
below.
L(OUT)
CH1 5.0V
CH3 2.0AΩ
C(Z)
M 10.0µs
Over-Voltage / Under-Voltage Protection
Should the VSNS voltage exceed 120% of VREF (0.9V)
due to an upper MOSFET failure, or for other reasons,
the overvoltage protection comparator will force LDRV
high. This action actively pulls down the output voltage
and, in the event of the upper MOSFET failure, will eventually blow the battery fuse. As soon as the output voltage drops below the threshold, the OVP comparator is
disengaged.
C(OUT)
VSEN
R6
This OVP scheme provides a ‘soft’ crowbar function
which helps to tackle severe load transients and does
not invert the output voltage when activated — a common problem for latched OVP schemes.
Figure 13. Improving Phase Margin
12
FAN5026 Rev. 1.0.5
CH2 100mV
Figure 14. Over-Current Protection Waveforms
VOUT
R5
8 CLK
IL
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FAN5026 Dual DDR/Dual-Output PWM Controller
The optimal value of C(Z) is:
C2
V IN – V OUT V OUT
L = ------------------------------ × -------------F SW × ∆I
V IN
Over-Temperature Protection
The chip incorporates an over temperature protection
circuit that shuts the chip down when a die temperature
of about 150°C is reached. Normal operation is restored
at die temperature below 125°C with internal Power On
Reset asserted, resulting in a full soft-start cycle.
for this example we’ll use:
VIN = 12V, VOUT = 2.5V
∆I = 25% × 6A = 1.5A
FSW = 300KHz.
therefore
L ≈ 4.4µH
Design and Component Selection
Guidelines
Output Capacitor Selection
As an initial step, define operating input voltage range,
output voltage, minimum and maximum load currents for
the controller.
The output capacitor serves two major functions in a
switching power supply. Along with the inductor it filters
the sequence of pulses produced by the switcher, and it
supplies the load transient currents. The output capacitor
requirements are usually dictated by ESR, Inductor ripple current (∆I) and the allowable ripple voltage (∆V).
Setting the Output Voltage
The internal reference is 0.9V. The output is divided
down by a voltage divider to the VSEN pin (for example,
R5 and R6 in Figure 4). The output voltage therefore is:
V OUT – 0.9V
0.9V
------------ = -------------------------------R6
R5
(10)
∆V
ESR < -------∆I
(8a)
(11)
To minimize noise pickup on this node, keep the resistor
to GND (R6) below 2K. We selected R6 at 1.82K. Then
choose R5:
In addition, the capacitor’s ESR must be low enough to
allow the converter to stay in regulation during a load
step. The ripple voltage due to ESR for the converter in
Figure 5 is 120mV P-P. Some additional ripple will
appear due to the capacitance value itself:
( 1.82K ) × ( V OUT – 0.9 )
- = 3.24K
R5 = -----------------------------------------------------------0.9
∆I
∆V = -----------------------------------------C OUT × 8 × F SW
(8b)
(12)
For DDR applications converting from 3.3V to 2.5V, or
other applications requiring high duty cycles, the duty
cycle clamp must be disabled by tying the converter’s
FPWM to GND. When converter’s FPWM is GND, the
converter's maximum duty cycle will be greater than
90%. When using as a DDR converter with 3.3V input,
set up the converter for In-Phase synchronization by
tying the VIN pin to +5V.
which is only about 1.5mV for the converter in Figure 5
and can be ignored.
Output Inductor Selection
Input Capacitor Selection
The minimum practical output inductor value is the one
that keeps inductor current just on the boundary of continuous conduction at some minimum load. The industry
standard practice is to choose the minimum current
somewhere from 15% to 35% of the nominal current. At
light load, the controller can automatically switch to hysteretic mode of operation to sustain high efficiency. The
following equations help to choose the proper value of
the output filter inductor.
The input capacitor should be selected by its ripple current rating.
∆V OUT
∆I = 2 × I MIN = -----------------ESR
I VTT
I REG1 = I VDDQ + ---------2
The capacitor must also be rated to withstand the RMS
current which is approximately 0.3 X (∆I), or about
400mA for the converter in Figure 5. High frequency
decoupling capacitors should be placed as close to the
loads as physically possible.
Two-Stage Converter Case
In DDR mode (Figure 4), the VTT power input is powered
by the VDDQ output, therefore all of the input capacitor
ripple current is produced by the VDDQ converter. A conservative estimate of the output current required for the
2.5V regulator is:
(9)
13
FAN5026 Rev. 1.0.5
www.fairchildsemi.com
FAN5026 Dual DDR/Dual-Output PWM Controller
where ∆I is the inductor ripple current and ∆VOUT is the
maximum ripple allowed.
Similarly, if an output short-circuit or severe load transient causes the output to droop to less than 75% of its
regulation set point. Should this condition occur, the regulator will shut down.
I RMS = I OUT ( MAX ) D – D
2
(13)
Assuming switching losses are about the same for both
the rising edge and falling edge, Q1’s switching losses,
occur during the shaded time when the MOSFET has
voltage across it and current through it.
where D is the duty cycle of the PWM1 converter:
V OUT
2.5
D < -------------- = -------V IN
12
(14)
These losses are given by:
therefore:
PUPPER = PSW + PCOND
2.5 2.5 2
I RMS = 3.5 -------- –  -------- = 1.42A
12  12 
(15)
V DS × I L
P SW =  --------------------- × 2 × t S F SW


2
(17a)
V OUT
2
P COND =  -------------- × I OUT × R DS ( ON )
 V IN 
(17b)
Dual Converter 180° Phased
In Dual mode (Figure 5), both converters contribute to
the capacitor input ripple current. With each converter
operating 180° out of phase, the RMS currents add in the
following fashion:
2
2
I RMS ( 1 ) + I RMS ( 2 ) or
I RMS =
( I1 ) ( D1 – D1 ) + ( I2 ) ( D2 – D2 )
2
PUPPER is the upper MOSFET’s total losses, and PSW
and PCOND are the switching and conduction losses for a
given MOSFET. RDS(ON) is at the maximum junction temperature (TJ). tS is the switching period (rise or fall time)
and is t2+t3 Figure .
(16a)
I RMS =
2
where:
2
2
(16b)
The driver’s impedance and CISS determine t2 while t3’s
period is controlled by the driver's impedance and QGD.
Since most of tS occurs when VGS = VSP we can use a
constant current assumption for the driver to simplify the
calculation of tS:
which for the dual 3A converters of Figure 5, calculates
to:
I RMS = 1.51A
CISS
Power MOSFET Selection
C ISS
VDS
Losses in a MOSFET are the sum of its switching (PSW)
and conduction (PCOND) losses.
In typical applications, the FAN5026 converter’s output
voltage is low with respect to its input voltage, therefore
the Lower MOSFET (Q2) is conducting the full load current for most of the cycle. Q2 should therefore be
selected to minimize conduction losses, thereby selecting a MOSFET with low RDS(ON).
ID
In contrast, the high-side MOSFET (Q1) has a much
shorter duty cycle, and it's conduction loss will therefore
have less of an impact. Q1, however, sees most of the
switching losses, so Q1’s primary selection criteria
should be gate charge.
QGS
Q GD
4.5V
VSP
VTH
QG(SW)
V GS
High-Side Losses
t1
Figure shows a MOSFET’s switching interval, with the
upper graph being the voltage and current on the Drain
to Source and the lower graph detailing VGS vs. time with
a constant current charging the gate. The x-axis there-
t2
t3
t4
t5
Figure 15. Switching Losses and QG
14
FAN5026 Rev. 1.0.5
C GD
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FAN5026 Dual DDR/Dual-Output PWM Controller
fore is also representative of gate charge (QG). CISS =
CGD + CGS, and it controls t1, t2, and t4 timing. CGD
receives the current from the gate driver during t3 (as
VDS is falling). The gate charge (QG) parameters on the
lower graph are either specified or can be derived from
MOSFET datasheets.
As an example, if average IVDDQ is 3A, and average IVTT
is 1A, IVDDQ current will be about 3.5A. If average input
voltage is 12V, RMS input ripple current will be:
5V
C GD
RD
HDRV
Layout Considerations
RGATE
Switching converters, even during normal operation,
produce short pulses of current which could cause
substantial ringing and be a source of EMI if layout
constrains are not observed.
G
CGS
SW
There are two sets of critical components in a DC-DC
converter. The switching power components process large
amounts of energy at high rate and are noise generators.
The low power components responsible for bias and
feedback functions are sensitive to noise.
Figure 16. Drive Equivalent Circuit
Q G ( SW )
Q G ( SW )
t S = --------------------- ≈ -----------------------------------------------------I DRIVER 
VCC – V SP
------------------------------------------------
 R DRIVER + R GATE
(18)
A multi-layer printed circuit board is recommended.
Dedicate one solid layer for a ground plane. Dedicate
another solid layer as a power plane and break this plane
into smaller islands of common voltage levels.
Most MOSFET vendors specify QGD and QGS. QG(SW)
can be determined as: QG(SW) = QGD + QGS – QTH where
QTH is the gate charge required to get the MOSFET to it’s
threshold (VTH). For the high-side MOSFET, VDS = VIN,
which can be as high as 20V in a typical portable
application. Care should also be taken to include the
delivery of the MOSFET’s gate power (PGATE) in
calculating the power dissipation required for the
FAN5026:
PGATE = QG × VCC × FSW
Notice all the nodes that are subjected to high dV/dt
voltage swing such as SW, HDRV and LDRV, for example.
All surrounding circuitry will tend to couple the signals
from these nodes through stray capacitance. Do not
oversize copper traces connected to these nodes. Do not
place traces connected to the feedback components
adjacent to these traces. It is not recommended to use
High Density Interconnect Systems, or micro-vias on
these signals. The use of High Density Interconnect
Systems or micro-vias on these signals is not
recommended. The use of normal thermal vias is left to
the discretion of the designer.
(19)
where QG is the total gate charge to reach VCC.
Low-Side Losses
Q2, however, switches on or off with its parallel shottky
diode conducting, therefore VDS ≈ 0.5V. Since PSW is proportional to VDS, Q2’s switching losses are negligible and
we can select Q2 based on RDS(ON) only.
Keep the wiring traces from the IC to the MOSFET gate
and source as short as possible and capable of handling
peak currents of 2A. Minimize the area within the gatesource path to reduce stray inductance and eliminate
parasitic ringing at the gate.
Conduction losses for Q2 are given by:
2
P COND = ( 1 – D ) × I OUT × R DS ( ON )
Locate small critical components like the soft-start
capacitor and current sense resistors as close as possible
to the respective pins of the IC.
(20)
The FAN5026 utilizes advanced packaging technologies
with lead pitches of 0.6mm. High performance analog
semiconductors utilizing narrow lead spacing may require
special considerations in PWB design and manufacturing.
It is critical to maintain proper cleanliness of the area
surrounding these devices. It is not recommended to use
any type of rosin or acid core solder, or the use of flux in
either the manufacturing or touch up process as these
may contribute to corrosion or enable electromigration
and/or eddy currents near the sensitive low current
signals. When chemicals such as these are used on or
near the PWB, it is suggested that the entire PWB be
cleaned and dried completely before applying power.
where RDS(ON) is the RDS(ON) of the MOSFET at the
highest operating junction temperature and
V OUT
D = -------------V IN
is the minimum duty cycle for the converter.
Since DMIN < 20% for portable computers, (1–D) ≈ 1
produces a conservative result, further simplifying the
calculation.
The maximum power dissipation (PD(MAX)) is a function of
the maximum allowable die temperature of the low-side
MOSFET, the θJ-A, and the maximum allowable ambient
temperature rise:
T J ( MAX ) – T A ( MAX )
P D ( MAX ) = -----------------------------------------------θJ – A
(21)
15
FAN5026 Rev. 1.0.5
www.fairchildsemi.com
FAN5026 Dual DDR/Dual-Output PWM Controller
θJ-A, depends primarily on the amount of PCB area
that can be devoted to heat sinking (see FSC app note
AN-1029 for SO-8 MOSFET thermal information).
VIN
28-Pin TSSOP
–A–
9.7 ± 0.1
0.51 TYP
15
28
14
7.72
1.78
3.2
6.4
4.4 ± 0.1
4.16
–B–
0.2
B A
ALL Lead Tips
0.65
0.42
PIN # 1 IDENT
LAND PATTERN RECOMMENDATION
1.2 MAX
0.1 C
ALL LEAD TIPS
+0.15
0.90 –0.10
See Detail A
0.09–0.20
–C–
0.10 ± 0.05
0.65
0.19–0.30
0.13
A B
C
12.00° Top & Botom
R0.16
GAGE PLANE
R0.31
DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS
.025
0°–8°
0.61 ± 0.1
NOTES:
A. Conforms to JEDEC registration MO-153, variation AB,
Ref. Note 6, dated 7/93.
B. Dimensions are in millimeters.
C. Dimensions are exclusive of burrs, mold flash, and tie bar extensions.
D Dimensions and Tolerances per ANsI Y14.5M, 1982
16
FAN5026 Rev. 1.0.5
SEATING PLANE
1.00
DETAIL A
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FAN5026 Dual DDR/Dual-Output PWM Controller
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PRODUCT STATUS DEFINITIONS
Definition of Terms
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Product Status
Definition
Advance Information
Formative or
In Design
This datasheet contains the design specifications for
product development. Specifications may change in
any manner without notice.
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First Production
This datasheet contains preliminary data, and
supplementary data will be published at a later date.
Fairchild Semiconductor reserves the right to make
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design.
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This datasheet contains final specifications. Fairchild
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that has been discontinued by Fairchild semiconductor.
The datasheet is printed for reference information only.
Rev. I16
17
FAN5026 Rev. 1.0.5
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FAN5026 Dual DDR/Dual-Output PWM Controller
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