www.fairchildsemi.com TMC2490A Multistandard Digital Video Encoder Features Applications • All-digital video encoding • Internal digital subcarrier synthesizer • 8-bit parallel CCIR-601/CCIR-656/ANSI/SMPTE 125M input format • CCIR-624/SMPTE-170M compliant output • Switchable chrominance bandwidth • Switchable pedestal with gain compensation • Pre-programmed horizontal and vertical timing • 13.5 Mpps pixel rate • Master or slave (CCIR656) operation • MPEG interface • Internal interpolation filters simplify output reconstruction filters • 10-bit D/A converters for video reconstruction • Supports NTSC and PAL standards • Closed-caption waveform insertion • Simultaneous S-Video (Y/C) output • Controlled edge rates • Single +5V power supply • 44 lead PLCC package • Parallel and serial control interface • Set-top digital cable television receivers • Set-top digital satellite television receivers • Studio parallel CCIR-601 to analog conversion Description The TMC2490A video encoder converts digital component video (in 8-bit parallel CCIR-601/656 or ANSI/SMPTE 125M format) into a standard analog baseband television (NTSC, NTSC-EIA, and all PAL standards) signal with a modulated color subcarrier. Both composite (single lead) and S-Video (separate chroma and luma) formats are active simultaneously at all three analog outputs. Each video output generates a standard video signal capable of driving a singlyor doubly-terminated 75 Ohm load. The TMC2490A is intended for all non-Macrovision encoder applications. The TMC2490A is fabricated in a submicron CMOS process and is packaged in a 44-lead PLCC. Performance is guaranteed over the full 0°C to 70°C operating temperature range. Block Diagram LPF B-Y INTERPOLATOR 4:2:2 TO 4:4:4 CHROMA MODULATOR R-Y SUBCARRIER SYNTHESIZER Y VSYNC, B/T SELC CHROMA 10-BIT D/A LUMA 10-BIT D/A COMPOSITE INTERPOLATION FILTER LPF PXCK HSYNC 10-BIT D/A S-VIDEO PIXEL DATA DEMUX AND SYNC EXTRACT PD7-0 DIGITAL SYNC AND BLANK GENERATOR INTERPOLATION FILTER PDC/CBSEL REF SERIAL/PARALLEL CONTROL SERIAL PARALLEL SA1 SA0 ADR SDA R/W SCL CS D7-0 D7-0 GLOBAL CONTROL SER VREF CBYP RREF RESET 65-2490(1)A-01 REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 TMC2490A PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Functional Description Chroma Modulator The TMC2490A is a fully-integrated digital video encoder with simultaneous composite and Y/C (S-Video) outputs, compatible with NTSC, NTSC-EIA, and all PAL television standards. A digital subcarrier synthesizer generates the reference for a quadrature modulator, producing a digital chrominance signal. The chroma bandwidth may be programmed to 650 kHz or 1.3 MHz. Digital component video is accepted at the PD port in 8-bit parallel CCIR-601/656 format. It is demultiplexed into luminance and chrominance components. The chrominance components modulate a digitally synthesized subcarrier. The luminance and chrominance signals are then separately interpolated to twice the input pixel rate and converted to analog signals by 10-bit D/A converters. They are also digitally combined and the resulting composite signal is output by a third 10-bit D/A converter. Interpolation Filters The TMC2490A operates from a single clock at 27 MHz, twice the system pixel rate. Programmable control registers allow software control of subcarrier frequency and phase parameters. Incoming YCBCR422 digital video is interpolated to YCBCR444 format for encoding. Internal control registers can be accessed over a standard 8-bit parallel microprocessor port or a 2-pin (clock and data) serial port. Sync Generator The TMC2490A operates in master or slave mode. In slave mode, it extracts its horizontal and vertical sync timing and field information from the CCIR-656 SAV (Start of Active Video) and EAV (End of Active Video) signal in the incoming data stream. In master mode, it generates a 13.5 MHz timebase and sends line and field synchronizing signals to the host system. Horizontal and vertical synchronization pulses in the analog output are digitally generated by the TMC2490A with controlled rise and fall times on all sync edges, the beginning and end of active video, and the burst envelope. MSB LSB PD7 CB (n) PD0 PD7 Y (n) PD0 PD7 CR (n) PD0 PD7 Y (n+1) PD0 Interpolation filters on the luminance and chrominance signals double the pixel rate to 27Mpps before D/A conversion. This low-pass filtering and oversampling process reduces sin(x)/x roll-off, and greatly simplifies the analog reconstruction filter required after the D/A converters. D/A Converters Analog outputs of the TMC2490A are driven by three 10-bit D/A converters, The outputs drive standard video levels into 37.5 or 75 Ohm loads. An internal voltage reference is used to provide reference current for the D/A converters. An external fixed or variable voltage reference source can also be used. The video signal levels from the TMC2490A may be adjusted to overcome the insertion loss of analog low-pass output filters by varying RREF or VREF. Parallel and Serial Microprocessor Interfaces The parallel microprocessor interface employs 11 pins. These are shared with the serial interface. A single pin, SER, selects between the two interface modes. In parallel interface mode, one address pin is decoded to enable access to the internal control register and its pointer. Controls are reached by loading a desired address through the 8-bit D7-0 port, followed by the desired data (read or write) for that address. The control register address pointer auto-increments to address 22h and then remains there. A 2-line serial interface is also provided on the TMC2490A for initialization and control. The same set of registers accessed by the parallel port is available to the serial port. The RESET pin sets all internal state machines and control registers to their initialized conditions, disables the analog outputs, and places the encoder in a reset mode. At the rising edge of RESET, the encoder is automatically initialized in NTSC-M format. Figure 1. Pixel Data Format 2 REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION TMC2490A 40 41 42 43 1 44 2 3 4 7 39 8 38 9 37 10 36 11 35 TMC2490A 12 34 PD6 PD7 VDD GND CHROMA VDDA CBYP LUMA GND COMPOSITE GND 28 27 26 25 24 23 29 22 30 17 21 31 16 20 32 15 19 33 14 18 13 HSYNC VSYNC,T/B CBSEL,PDC SELC RESET VDD GND PXCK VDD VREF RREF SCL/CS SER D7 D6 D5 D4 GND D3 D2 D1 D0 5 6 SDA/R/W SA0/ADR SA1 PD0 GND VDD PD1 PD2 PD3 PD4 PD5 Pin Assignments 65-2490(1)A-02 Pin Descriptions Pin Name Pin Number Value Pin Function Description 25 TTL Pixel Clock Input. This 27.0 MHz clock is internally divided by 2 to generate the internal pixel clock. PXCK drives the entire TMC2490A, except the asynchronous microprocessor interface. All internal registers are strobed on the rising edge of PXCK. 38–44, 3 TTL Pixel Data Inputs. Video data enters the TMC2490A on PD7-0 (Figure 1). 9–12, 14–17 TTL Data I/O, General Purpose I/O, Chroma Input Port. When SER is HIGH, all control parameters are loaded into and read back over this 8-bit port. When SER = LOW, D0 can serve as a composite sync output, D1 outputs a burst flag during the back porch, D2-5 are General Purpose Outputs, and D6-7 are General Purpose Inputs. RESET 22 TTL Master Reset Input. Bringing RESET LOW forces the internal state machines to their starting states and disables all outputs. SA1 4 TTL Serial/Parallel Port Select. When SER is LOW, SA1 in conjunction with SA0 selects one of four addresses for the TMC2490A. SA0, ADR 5 TTL Serial/Parallel Port Select. When SER is LOW, SA0 in conjunction with SA1 selects one-of-four addresses for the TMC2490A. When SER is HIGH, this control governs whether the parallel microprocessor interface selects a table address or reads/writes table contents. Clock PXCK Data Input Port PD7-0 Microprocessor Interface D7-0 3 TMC2490A PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Pin Descriptions (continued) Pin Name Pin Number Value Pin Function Description SDA, R/W 6 R-Bus/TTL Serial Data/Read/Write Control. When SER is LOW, SDA is the data line of the serial interface. When SER is HIGH, the pin is the read/write control for the parallel interface. When R/W and CS are LOW, the microprocessor can write to the control registers over D7-0. When R/W is HIGH and CS is LOW, it can read the contents of any selected control register over D7-0. SCL, CS 7 R-Bus/TTL Serial Clock/Chip Select. When SER is LOW, SCL is the clock line of the serial interface. When SER is HIGH, the pin is the chip select control for the parallel interface. When CS is HIGH, the microprocessor interface port, D7-0, is set to HIGH impedance and ignored. When CS is LOW, the microprocessor can read or write parameters over D7-0. SER 8 TTL Serial/Parallel Port Select. When LOW, the 2-line serial interface is activated. Pins 5, 6, and 7 function as SA0, SDA, and SCL respectively. When HIGH, the parallel interface port is active and pins 5, 6, and 7 function as ADR, R/W, and CS respectively. CHROMA 35 1.35V p-p Chrominance-only Video. Analog output of chrominance D/A converter. Maximum output is 1.35 volts peak-to-peak into a doubly terminated 75 Ohm load. COMPOSITE 30 1.35V p-p Composite NTSC/PAL Video. Analog output of composite D/A converter. Maximum output is 1.35 volts peak-to-peak into a doubly terminated 75 Ohm load. LUMA 32 1.35V p-p Luminance-only Video. Analog output of luminance D/A converter. Maximum output is 1.35 volts peak-to-peak into a doubly terminated 75 Ohm load. CBYP 33 0.1µF Reference Bypass Capacitor. Connection point for 0.1 µF decoupling capacitor to VDD at pin 34. RREF 28 787Ω Current-setting Resistor. Connection point for external currentsetting resistor for D/A converters. The resistor is connected between RREF and GND. Output video levels are inversely proportional to the value of RREF. VREF 27 +1.235V Outputs Analog Interface Voltage Reference Input. External voltage reference input, internal voltage reference output, nominally 1.235 V. SYNC Out HSYNC 18 TTL Horizontal Sync Output. VSYNC, T/B 19 TTL Vertical Sync Output or Odd/Even Field ID Output. CBSEL, PDC 20 TTL Pixel Data Phase Output or Video Blanking Output. SELC 21 TTL Luma/Chroma MUX Control. Power Supply VDD 1, 23, 26, 37 +5V Power Supply. Positive power supply. GND 2, 13, 24, 29, 31, 36 0.0V Ground. VDDA 34 +5V Analog Power Supply. Positive power supply. REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 4 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION TMC2490A Control Registers The TMC2490A is initialized and controlled by a set of registers which determine the operating modes. An external controller is employed to write and read the Control Registers through either the 8-bit parallel or 2-line serial interface port. The parallel port, D7-0, is governed by pins CS, R/W, and ADR. The serial port is controlled by SDA and SCL. Table 1. Control Register Map Reg Bit Mnemonic Function Reg Bit Mnemonic Function General Purpose Port Register TMC2490A Identification Registers (Read only) 00 7-0 PARTID2 Reads back 97h 0E 7 PORT7-6 General purpose Inputs 01 7-0 PARTID1 Reads back 24h 0E 6 PORT5-2 General purpose Outputs 02 7-0 PARTID0 Reads back 90h (91h) 0E 1 BURSTF Burst Flag Output 03 7-0 REVID Silicon revision # 0E 0 CSYNC Composite Sync Output General Control Register Global Control Register 04 7 MASTER Master Mode 0F 7 PED21 VBI Pedestal Enable 04 6 NGSEL NTSC Gain Select 0F 5 VSEL Vertical Sync Select 04 5 YCDELAY Luma to chroma delay 0F 4 CBSEL CBSEL/PDC Pin Function 04 4 RAMPEN Modulated ramp enable 0F 3 VBIEN VBI Pixel Data Enable 04 3 YCDIS LUMA, CHROMA disable 0F 1-0 HDSEL HSYNC Delay 04 2 COMPDIS COMPOSITE disable 04 1-0 FORMAT Television standard select 101F 7-0 Reserved Video Output Control Register Reserved Registers May be left unprogrammed Closed-Caption Insertion Registers 05 7 PALN Select PAL-N Subcarrier 05 6 BURSTF Burst flag disable 20 7-0 CCD1 First Byte of CC Data 05 5 CHRBW Chroma bandwidth select 21 7-0 CCD2 Second Byte of CC Data 05 4 SYNCDIS Sync pulse disable 22 7 CCON Enable CC Data Packet 6 CCRTS Request To Send Data 05 3 BURDIS Color burst disable 22 05 2 LUMDIS Luminance disable 22 5 CCPAR Auto Parity Generation 05 1 CHRDIS Chrominance disable 22 4 CCFLD CC Field Select 05 0 PEDEN Pedestal enable 22 3-0 CCLINE CC Line Select Field ID Register 06 7-6 Reserved Program LOW 06 5-3 FIELD Field ID (Read only) 06 2-0 Reserved Program LOW 070D 7-0 Reserved Notes: 1. For each register listed above, all bits not specified are reserved and should be set to logic LOW to ensure proper operation. Reserved Registers REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 Program LOW 5 TMC2490A PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Table 2. Default Register Values on Reset Reg Dflt Reg Dflt Reg Dflt Reg Dflt Reg Dflt 00 97 04 00 08 00 0C 00 20 80 01 24 05 01 09 00 0D 00 21 80 02 90(91) 06 00 0A 00 0E 00 22 00 03 xx 07 00 0B 00 0F F2 Control Register Definitions Reg Bit Name Description 00 7–0 PARTID2 Reads back 97h 01 7–0 PARTID1 Reads back 24h 02 7–0 PARTID0 Reads back 90h (91h) 03 7–0 REVID Reads back a value corresponding to the revision letter of the silicon. Global Control Register (04) 7 6 5 4 3 2 MASTER NGSEL YCDELAY RAMPEN YCDIS COMPDIS 1 0 FORMAT Reg Bit Name Description 04 7 MASTER Master Mode. When MASTER = 1, the encoder generates its own video timing and outputs signals VSYNC (or T/B), HSYNC, SELC, and PDC (or CBSEL). When MASTER = 0, the TMC2490A extracts timing from the embedded EAV codeword in the video datastream and optionally outputs signals VSYNC (or T/B), HSYNC, SELC, and PDC (or CBSEL). 04 6 NGSEL NTSC Gain Selection. 04 5 YCDELAY Luma to chroma delay. When HIGH, the luminance path within the TMC2490A is delayed by one PXCK period. The delay applies to both COMPOSITE and LUMA outputs and may be used to compensate for group delay variation of external filters. When LOW, luminance and chrominance have the same latency. 04 4 RAMPEN Modulated ramp enable. When HIGH, the TMC2490A outputs a modulated ramp test signal. When LOW, incoming digital video is encoded. 04 3 YCDIS LUMA, CHROMA disable. When HIGH, the LUMA and CHROMA outputs are disabled. Set LOW for normal enabled operation. 04 2 COMPDIS COMPOSITE disable. When HIGH, the COMPOSITE output is disabled. Set LOW for normal enabled operation. 04 1–0 FORMAT Television standard select. Selects basic H&V timing parameters and subcarrier frequency. Pedestal level and chrominance bandwidth are independently programmed. 0 0 1 1 REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 0 1 0 1 NTSC PAL-B,G,H,I,N PAL-M Reserved 6 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION TMC2490A Control Register Definitions (continued) Video Output Control Register (05) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PALN BURSTF CHRBW SYNCDIS BURDIS LUMDIS CHRDIS PEDEN Reg Bit Name Description 05 7 PALN Select PAL-N Subcarrier. When HIGH, selects PAL-N subcarrier frequency. When LOW, the encoder produces the PAL-B,G,H,I subcarrier. Program LOW for NTSC and PAL-M video. 05 6 BURSTF Burst flag disable. When BURSTF is LOW, a clamp gate signal is produced on the D1 output and register 0E bit 1. 05 5 CHRBW Chroma bandwidth select. When LOW, the chrominance bandwidth is ±650 kHz. When HIGH, the chrominance bandwidth is ±1.3 MHz. 05 4 SYNCDIS Sync pulse disable. When HIGH, horizontal and vertical sync pulses on the COMPOSITE video output are suppressed (to blanking level). Color burst, active video, and the CSYNC output remain active. Set LOW for normal composite video operation. 05 3 BURDIS Color burst disable. When HIGH, color burst is suppressed to the blanking level. Set LOW for normal operation. 05 2 LUMDIS Luminance disable. When HIGH, incoming Y values are forced to black level. Color burst, CHROMA, and sync are not affected. Set LOW for normal operation. 05 1 CHRDIS Chrominance disable. When HIGH, incoming color components CB and CR are suppressed, enabling monochrome operation. Output color burst is not affected. Set LOW for normal color operation. 05 0 PEDEN Pedestal enable. When LOW, black and blanking are the same level for ALL lines. When HIGH, a 7.5 IRE pedestal is inserted into the output video for NTSC and PAL-M lines 23-262 and 286-525 only. Chrominance and luminance gain factors are adjusted to keep video levels within range. PEDEN is valid for NTSC and PAL-M only and should be LOW for all other formats. Field Data Register (06) 7 6 Reserved 5 4 FIELD 3 2 1 0 Reserved Reg Bit Name Description 06 7–6 Reserved Program LOW. 06 5–3 FIELD Field ID (Read only). A value of 000 corresponds to field 1 and 111 corresponds to field 8. 06 2–0 Reserved Program LOW. 7 TMC2490A PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Control Register Definitions (continued) Reserved Registers (07–0D) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reserved Reg Bit Name Description 07– 0D 7–0 Reserved Program LOW. General Purpose Port Register (0E) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PORT7 PORT6 PORT5 PORT4 PORT3 PORT2 BURSTF CSYNC Reg Bit Name Description 0E 7–6 PORT7–6 General purpose Inputs. When in serial control mode, these register readonly bits indicate the state present on data port pins D7 and D6. 0E 5–2 PORT5–2 General purpose Outputs. When in serial control mode or when reading register 0E in parallel control mode, these register read/write bits drive data pins D5–D2 to the state contained in the respective register bits. 0E 1 BURSTF Burst Flag Output. Produces Burst Flag on data pin D1 when in serial control mode, or when reading register 0E. 0E 0 CSYNC Composite Sync Output. Produces Composite Sync on data pin D0 when in serial control mode, or when reading register 0E. REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 8 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION TMC2490A Control Register Definitions (continued) General Control Register (0F) 7 6 5 4 3 PED21 Reserved VSEL CBSEL VBIEN 2 1 0 Reserved Reg Bit Name Description 0F 7 PED21 VBI Pedestal Enable. When HIGH and FORMAT is 00 (NTSC) or 10 (PAL-M), pedestal is added to lines 21, 22, 283, 284, 285. When LOW, no pedestal is placed on these lines. PED21 is valid for NTSC and PAL-M only and should be LOW for all other formats. 0F 6 Reserved Program HIGH. 0F 5 VSEL Vertical Sync Select. When LOW, the TMC2490A outputs a traditional vertical sync on VSYNC. When HIGH, the chip outputs odd/even field identification on the VSYNC pin, with 0 denoting an odd field. 0F 4 CBSEL CBSEL/PDC pin function. When CBSEL = 0, the PDC signal is produced on the CBSEL/PCD pin. When CBSEL = 1, the CBSEL signal is produced on the CBSEL/PDC pin. 0F 3 VBIEN VBI Pixel Data Enable. When VBIEN = 0, the vertical interval lines are blanked. When VBIEN = 1, Pixel data is encoded into the VBI lines. 0F 2 Reserved Program LOW. 0F 1–0 HDEL Sync Delay. HDEL shifts the falling edge of the H and V syncs relative to the PD port. HDEL Result 00 H and V syncs are aligned with luminance pixel 735 (Y735) 01 H and V syncs are aligned with Blue color difference pixel 735 (Cb736) 10 H and V syncs are aligned with luminance pixel 736 (Y736) 11 H and V syncs are aligned with Red color difference pixel 735 (Cr736) Refer to Figure 2a, HDEL Timing Reserved Registers (10–1F) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reserved Reg Bit Name Description 10– 1F 7–0 Reserved May be left unprogrammed 9 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION TMC2490A Control Register Definitions (continued) Closed-Caption Insertion (20) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CCD1 Reg Bit Name Description 20 7–0 CCD1 First Byte of CC Data. Bit 0 is the LSB. The MSB will be overwritten by an ODD Parity bit if CCPAR is HIGH. Closed-Caption Insertion (21) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CCD2 Reg Bit Name Description 21 7–0 CCD2 Second Byte of CC Data. Bit 0 is the LSB. The MSB will be overwritten by an ODD Parity bit if CCPAR is HIGH. Closed-Caption Insertion (22) 7 6 5 4 CCON CCRTS CCPAR CCFLD 3 2 1 0 CCLINE Reg Bit Name Description 22 7 CCON Enable CC Data Packet. Command the CC data generator to send either CC data or a NULL byte whenever the specified line is transmitted. 22 6 CCRTS Request To Send Data. This bit is set HIGH by the user when bytes 20 and 21 have been loaded with the next two bytes to be sent. When the encoder reaches the falling edge of the HSYNC preceding the line specified in bits 4-0 of this register, data will be transferred from registers 20 and 21, and RTS will be reset LOW. A new pair of bytes may then be loaded into registers 20 and 21. If CCON = 1 and CCRTS = 0 when the CC line is to be sent, NULL bytes will be sent. 22 5 CCPAR Auto Parity Generation. When set HIGH, the encoder replaces the MSB of bytes 20 and 21 with a calculated ODD parity. When set LOW, the CC processor transmits the 16 bits exactly as loaded into registers 20 and 21. 22 4 CCFLD CC Field Select. When LOW, CC data is transmitted on the selected line of ODD fields. When HIGH, it is sent on EVEN fields. 22 3–0 CCLINE CC Line Select. Defines (with an offset) the line on which CC data is transmitted. 10 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION General Purpose Port The TMC2490A provides a general purpose I/O port for system utility functions. Input, output, and sync functions are implemented. Register 0E is the General Purpose Register. Full functionality is provided when the encoder is in Serial control mode (SER = LOW). Most of the functions are available in parallel interface mode (SER = HIGH). General Purpose Input (serial mode only) Bits 7 and 6 of Register 0E are general purpose inputs. When the encoder is in serial control mode, data bits D7 and D6 are mirrored to these register locations. When Register 0E is read, the states of bits 7 and 6 reflect the TTL logic levels present on D7 and D6, respectively, at the time of read command execution. Writing to these bits has no effect. This function is not available when the encoder is in parallel control mode. General Purpose Output Register 0E read/write bits 5-2 are connected to pins D5-2, respectively, when the encoder is in serial control mode. The output pins continually reflects the values most recently written into register 0E (1 = HIGH, 0 = LOW). Note that these pins are always driven outputs when the encoder is in serial control mode. When register 0E is read, these pins report the values previously stored in the corresponding register bits, i.e., it acts as a read/write register. When the encoder is in parallel control mode, this reading produces the output bit values on the corresponding data pins, just as in the serial control mode. However, the values are only present when reading register 0E. The controller can command a continuous read on this register to produce continuous outputs from these pins. Burst Flag and Composite Sync (output/ read-only) Register 0E bit 1 is associated with the encoder burst flag. It is a 1 (HIGH) from just before the start of the color burst to just after the end of the burst. It is a 0 (LOW) at all other times. Register 0E bit 0 outputs the encoder composite sync status. It is a 0 (LOW) during horizontal and vertical sync tips. It is a 1 (HIGH) at all other times. TMC2490A In serial control mode, these same data output pins (D1-0) always act as a burst flag and composite sync TTL outputs, the conditions of the serial control notwithstanding. The states of the flags may be read over the serial port, but due to the low frequency of the serial interface, it may be difficult to get meaningful information. Pixel Interface The TMC2490A interfaces with an 8-bit 13.5 Mpps (27 MHz) video datastream. It will automatically synchronize with embedded Timing Reference Signals, per CCIR-656. It also includes a master sync generator on-chip, which can produce timing reference outputs. CCIR-656 Mode When operating in CCIR-656 Mode (MASTER = 0), the TMC2490A identifies the SAV and EAV 4-byte codewords embedded in the video datastream to derive all timing. Both SAV and EAV are required. MASTER Mode When in MASTER Mode (MASTER = 1), the Encoder produces its own timing, and provides HSYNC, VSYNC (or B/T), SELC, and PDC (or CBSEL) to the Pixel Data Source. SELC Output The SELC output toggles at 13.5 MHz (1/2 the pixel rate), providing a phase reference for the multiplexed luma/chroma CCIR-656 datastream. It is HIGH during the rising edge of the clock intended to load chroma data. This is useful when interfacing with a 16-bit data source, and can drive a Y/C multiplexer. CBSEL Output The CBSEL output identifies the CB element of the CB-YCR-Y CCIR-656 data sequence. It is HIGH during the rising edge of the clock to load CB data. This will prevent unintentionally swapping the CB and CR color components when operating in MASTER mode and reading data from a framestore. PDC Output The PDC output is a blanking signal, indicating when the encoder expected to receive pixel data. When PDC is HIGH, the incoming PD is encoded. These register bits may be read at any time over either the serial or parallel control port. Since they are dynamic, their states will change as appropriate during a parallel port read. In fact, if the parallel control port is commanded to read register 0E continually, the pins associated with these bits behave as burst flag and composite sync timing outputs. REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 11 TMC2490A PRODUCT SPECIFICATION 1464 1472 1592 1600 1727 1715 0 0 625-line 525-line PXCK CB732 Y732 CR732 Y733 CB734 Y734 CR734 Y735 CB736 Y736 CR736 CB800 Y800 CR800 Y801 CB801 CR856 Y857 PD7-0 CB0 Y0 CR0 Y1 CB2 CBSEL HYSNC 65-2490A-03 HDEL = 00 HDEL = 01 HDEL = 10 HDEL = 11 Figure 2a. HDEL TIming 1430 1435 1440 1440 1464 1472 1724 1712 1727 1715 0 0 17 3 625-line 525-line PXCK tSP FF PD7-0 00 00 FV1 FF tDO EAV 00 00 FV0 tHP CB0 Y0 SAV tHS HSYNC (Output) HDEL = 2 tDO tDO PDC 65-2490A-04 Figure 2b. CCIR-656 Horizontal Interval Timing Detail 1430 1435 1440 1440 1464 1472 1727 1715 0 0 17 3 625-line 525-line PXCK tS tH CB0 PD7-0 Y0 tDO tHS HSYNC (Output) HDEL = 2 tDO tDO PDC 65-2490A-05 Figure 3. Master Mode Horizontal Interval Timing Detail Horizontal and Vertical Timing Horizontal and vertical video timing in the TMC2490A is preprogrammed for line-locked systems with a 2x pixel clock of 27.0 MHz. Table 3 and Table 4 show timing parameters for NTSC and PAL standards and the resulting TMC2490A analog output timing. The user provides exactly 720 pixels of active video per line. In master mode, the TMC2490A precisely controls the duration and activity of every segment of the horizontal line and vertical field group. In external sync slave mode, it holds the end-of-line blank state (e.g. front porch for active video lines) until it receives the next horizontal sync signal. 12 In CCIR-656 slave mode, it likewise holds each end-of-line blank state until it receives the next end of active video (EAV) signal embedded in the incoming data stream. The vertical field group comprises several different line types based upon the Horizontal line time. H = (2 x SL) + (2 x SH) [Vertical sync pulses] = (2 x EL) + (2 x EH) [Equalization pulses] SMPTE 170M NTSC and Report 624 PAL video standards call for specific rise and fall times on critical portions of the video waveform. The chip does this automatically, requiring no user intervention. The TMC2490A digitally defines REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION TMC2490A slopes compatible with SMPTE 170M NTSC or CCIR Report 624 PAL on all vital edges: 1. Sync leading and trailing edges. 2. Burst envelope. 3. Active video leading and trailing edges. 4. All vertical interval equalization pulse and sync edges. Table 3. Horizontal Timing Standards and Actual Values for 60 fps Video Standards (µs) NTSC (SMPTE 170M) Parameter Min Nom PAL-M (CCIR 624) Max Min Nom Max TMC2490A Front porch FP 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.27 2.22 1.53 Horiz. Sync SY 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.74 Breezeway BR 0.9 1.1 1.3 0.59 (NTSC) 1.04 (PAL-M) Color Burst BU 2.237 2.517 2.797 2.31 Color Back porch CBP 2.363 1.65 (NTSC) 0.89 (PAL-M) Blanking BL 10.5 10.7 11.0 10.7 10.9 11.1 10.8 Active Video VA 52.56 52.86 53.06 52.46 52.66 52.86 52.633 Line Time H Equalization HIGH EH 0.608 2.235 2.514 2.794 1.378 0.503 63.556 63.556 63.557 29.5 29.5 29.47 Equalization LOW EL 2.3 2.3 2.31 Sync HIGH SH 4.7 4.7 4.67 Sync LOW SL 27.1 27.1 27.13 140±20ns <250 ns 135ns Sync rise and fall times Table 4. Horizontal Timing Standards and Actual Values for 50 fps Video Standards (µs) PAL-B,G,H,I (CCIR 624) Parameter Front porch FP PAL-N (CCIR 624) Min Nom Max Min Nom Max TMC2490A 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.57 Horiz. Sync SY 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.74 Breezeway BR 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.89 Color Burst BU 2.030 2.255 2.481 2.233 2.513 2.792 2.3 Color Back porch CBP Blanking BL 11.7 12.0 12.3 11.7 12.0 12.3 Active Video VA 51.7 52.0 52.3 51.7 52.0 52.3 Line Time H Equalization HIGH 2.654 2.387 2.3 1.8 52.2 64 64 64.0 EH 29.65 29.65 29.63 Equalization LOW EL 2.35 2.35 2.37 Sync HIGH SH 4.7 4.7 4.67 Sync LOW SL 27.3 27.3 27.3 250±50 ns 200±100 ns 250 Sync rise and fall times 13 TMC2490A PRODUCT SPECIFICATION H H/2 BURST CBP EH VA FP SY BR BU VA SL EL SH 24319A 24318B Figure 4. Horizontal Blanking Interval Timing 524 525 FIELDS 1 AND 3 UVV UVV EE EE Figure 5. Vertical Sync and Equalization Pulse Detail 10 EE SS SS SS EE EE EB … UBB 19 20 21 22 UBB UBB UVV UVV COMPOSITE SYNC HSYNC VSYNC B/T 262 UVV 263 UVE FIELDS 2 AND 4 273 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 EE EE ES SS SS SE EE EE EB UBB … 282 283 284 285 UBB UVV UVV UVV COMPOSITE SYNC HSYNC VSYNC B/T 24492B Figure 6. NTSC Vertical Interval 14 REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION TMC2490A Table 6. NTSC Field/Line Sequence and Identification Field 1, FID = 00 Field 2, FID = 01 Field 3, FID = 10 Field 4, FID = 11 Line ID Line ID Line ID Line ID 1 EE 264 EE 1 EE 264 EE 2 EE 265 EE 2 EE 265 EE 3 EE 266 ES 3 EE 266 ES 4 SS 267 SS 4 SS 267 SS 5 SS 268 SS 5 SS 268 SS 6 SS 269 SE 6 SS 269 SE 7 EE 270 EE 7 EE 270 EE 8 EE 271 EE 8 EE 271 EE 9 EE 272 EB 9 EE 272 EB 10 UBB 273 UBB 10 UBB 273 UBB … … … … … … … … 20 UBB 282 UBB 20 UBB 282 UBB 21 UVV 283 UVV 10 UVV 273 UVV … … … … … … … … 262 UVV 524 UVV 262 UVV 524 UVV 263 UVE 525 UVV 263 UVE 525 UVV EE Equalization pulse SE Half-line vertical sync pulse, half-line equalization pulse SS Vertical sync pulse ES Half-line equalization pulse, half-line vertical sync pulse EB UBB UVV UVE Equalization broad pulse Black and Burst1 Active video Half-line video, half-line equalization pulse Note: 1. VBB lines are changed to UVV (Active Video) when VBIEN = 1. 15 TMC2490A PRODUCT SPECIFICATION 1247 1248 FIELDS 1 AND 5 1249 EE 1 2 3 4 5 SS SS SE EE EE UVV -VE EE 309 310 FIELDS 2 AND 6 6 7 … 22 23 24 25 26 -BB UBB … UBB UVV UVV UVV UVV 319 320 … 334 335 336 337 COMPOSITE SYNC HSYNC VSYNC B/T 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 EE ES SS SS EE EE EB UBB UBB … UBB UBB UVV UVV 631 632 … 647 648 649 650 651 UBB UBB … UBB UVV UVV UVV UVV 944 945 … 959 960 961 962 -BB UBB … UBB UBB UVV UVV UVV -VV EE 622 623 FIELDS 3 AND 7 COMPOSITE SYNC HSYNC VSYNC B/T 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 EE SS SS SE EE EE -VV -VE EE 934 935 FIELDS 4 AND 8 COMPOSITE SYNC HSYNC VSYNC B/T UVV UVV 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 EE EE ES SS SS EE EE EB COMPOSITE SYNC HSYNC VSYNC B/T 24495B Figure 7. PAL-B,G,H,I,N Vertical Interval REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 16 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION TMC2490A Table 7. PAL-B,G,H,I,N Field/Line Sequence and Identification Fields 1 and 5 FID = 000, 100 Fields 2 and 6 FID = 001, 101 Fields 3 and 7 FID = 010, 110 Fields 4 and 8 FID = 011, 111 Line ID Line ID Line ID Line ID 1 SS 313 ES 626 SS 938 ES 2 SS 314 SS 627 SS 939 SS 3 SE 315 SS 628 SE 940 SS 4 EE 316 EE 629 EE 941 EE 5 EE 317 EE 630 EE 942 EE 6 -BB 318 EV 631 UBB 943 EB 7 UBB 319 UBB 632 UBB 944 -BB 8 UBB 320 UBB 633 UBB 945 UBB … … … … … … … … 22 UBB 335 UBB 647 UBB 960 UBB 23 UVV 336 UVV 648 UVV 961 UVV … … … … … … … … 308 UVV 621 UVV 933 UVV 1246 UVV 309 UVV 622 -VV 934 UVV 1247 UVV 310 -VV 623 -VE 935 UVV 1248 -VE 311 EE 624 EE 936 EE 1249 EE 312 EE 625 EE 937 EE 1250 EE EE Equalization pulse SE Half-line vertical sync pulse, half-line equalization pulse SS Vertical sync pulse ES Half-line equalization pulse, half-line vertical sync pulse EB Equalization broad pulse UBB UVV -BB -VV -VE Burst1 Black and Active video Blank line with color burst suppression 2 Active video with color burst suppressed Half-line video, half-line equalization pulse, color burst suppressed Notes: 1. VBB lines are changed to UVV (Active Video) when VBIEN = 1. 2. -BB lines are changed to -VV (Active Video, Burst Suppressed) when VBIEN = 1. 17 TMC2490A PRODUCT SPECIFICATION 521 522 UVV UVV FIELDS 1 AND 5 523 524 525 1 2 3 4 5 6 EE EE EE SS SS SS EE EE EE 7 8 9 … 17 18 -BB -BB UBB … UBB UVV COMPOSITE SYNC HSYNC VSYNC B/T 259 UVV 260 FIELDS 2 AND 6 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 EE EE ES SS SS SE EE EE EB -VE 270 271 … 279 280 281 -BB UBB … UBB UVV UVV COMPOSITE SYNC HSYNC VSYNC B/T 521 522 UVV -VV FIELDS 3 AND 7 523 524 525 1 2 3 4 5 6 EE EE EE SS SS SS EE EE EE 7 8 9 … 17 18 -BB -BB UBB … UBB UVV COMPOSITE SYNC HSYNC VSYNC B/T 258 UVV 259 -VV 260 -VE FIELDS 4 AND 8 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 EE EE ES SS SS SE EE EE EB 270 271 … 279 280 281 -BB UBB … UBB UVV UVV COMPOSITE SYNC HSYNC VSYNC B/T 24496B Figure 8. PAL-M Vertical Interval REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 18 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION TMC2490A Table 8. PAL-M Field/Line Sequence and Identification Field 1 and 5 FID = 000, 100 Field 2 and 6 FID = 001, 101 Field 3 and 7 FID = 010, 110 Field 4 and 8 FID = 011, 111 Line ID Line ID Line ID Line ID 1 SS 263 ES 1 SS 263 ES 2 SS 264 SS 2 SS 264 SS 3 SS 265 SS 3 SS 265 SS 4 EE 266 SE 4 EE 266 SE 5 EE 267 EE 5 EE 267 EE 6 EE 268 EE 6 EE 268 EE 7 -BB 269 EB 7 -BB 269 EB 8 -BB 270 -BB 8 UBB 270 -BB 9 UBB 271 UBB 9 UBB 271 UBB … … … … … … … … 17 UBB 279 UBB 17 UBB 279 UBB 18 UVV 280 UVV 18 UVV 280 UVV … … … … … … … … 258 UVV 521 UVV 258 UVV 521 UVV 259 UVV 522 -VV 259 -VV 522 UVV 260 -VE 523 EE 260 -VE 523 EE 261 EE 524 EE 261 EE 524 EE 262 EE 525 EE 262 EE 525 EE EE Equalization pulse SE Half-line vertical sync pulse, half-line equalization pulse SS Vertical sync pulse ES Half-line equalization pulse, half-line vertical sync pulse EB Equalization broad pulse -VEHalf-line video, half-line equalization pulse, color burst suppressed UBB UVV -BB -VV UVV Black and Burst1 Active video Blank line with color burst suppression 2 Active video with color burst suppressed Half-line black, half-line video Notes: 1. VBB lines are changed to UVV (Active Video) when VBIEN = 1 2. -BB lines are changed to -VV (Active Video, Burst Suppressed) when VBIEN = 1 Subcarrier Generation and Synchronization The color subcarrier is generated by an internal digital frequency synthesizer. The subcarrier synthesizer gets its frequency and phase values preprogrammed into the TMC2490A. In Master Mode, the subcarrier is internally synchronized on field 1 of the eight-field sequence to establish and maintain a specific relationship between the leading edge of horizontal sync and color burst phase (SCH). Proper subcarrier phase is maintained through the entire eight field set, including the 25 Hz offset in PAL-N/B/I systems. The subcarrier is reset to the phase values found in Table 9. REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 SCH Phase Control SCH refers to the timing relationship between the 50% point of the leading edge of horizontal sync and the first positive or negative zero-crossing of the color burst subcarrier reference. In PAL, SCH is defined for line 1 of field 1, but since there is no color burst on line 1, SCH is usually measured at line 7 of field 1. The need to specify SCH relative to a particular line in PAL is due to the 25 Hz offset of PAL subcarrier frequency. Since NTSC has no such 25 Hz offset, SCH applies to all lines. 19 TMC2490A PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Luminance Processing Table 9. Subcarrier and Color Burst Reset Values NTSC PAL-M PALB,G,H,I,N Digital field: 1 1 1 Line number: 4 4 1 180° 0° 0° Subcarrier phase reset value: Resultant color burst phase: 0° +135° During horizontal and vertical blanking, the luma processor generates blanking levels and properly timed and shaped sync and equalization pulses. During active video, it captures and rescales the incoming Y components and adds the results to the blank level to complete a proper monochrome television waveform, which is then upsampled to drive the luma D/A and the composite adder. For NTSC-EIA (5:2 white:sync, no black pedestal), the overall luma input-to-output equation for 0<Y<255 is: +135° luma out (IRE, relative to blank) = (Y - 16) * 100/219 Note: 1. Line numbering is in accordance with Figure 6, Figure 7, and Figure 8. Subcarrier and color burst phase are relative to the horizontal reference of the line specified above. For NTSC and PAL-M (5:2, with 7.5 IRE pedestal), the equation becomes: luma out (IRE, relative to blank) = (Y - 16) * 92.5/219 + 7.5 Table 10. Standard Subcarrier Parameters For all 625-line PAL standards (7:3, no pedestal), the equation becomes: Horizontal Subcarrier Frequency (KHz) Frequency (MHz) Standard NTSC 15.734266 3.579545455 PAL B,G,H,I 15.625000 4.43361875 PAL-M 15.734266 3.57561189 PAL-N 15.625000 3.58205625 luma out (mV, relative to blank) = (Y-16) * 700/219 Since Y=0 and Y=255 are reserved values in CCIR-601, results in the luma D/A outputting black, i.e., 0mV or 0 IRE without pedestal, 7.5 IRE with pedestal. External components are needed to bias the blanking/black level to 0mV/0 IRE. The values given in Table 11 and Table 12 reflect a biased output where the blanking level is at 0mV/0 IRE. Table 11. Luminance Input Codes PD7-0 Input Dec Hex Luma Level (CCIR-601) 255 FF Reserved NTSC, PAL-M Luma Level (IRE) PEDEN = 0 PEDEN = 1 PAL-B,G,H,I,N Luma Level (mV) 0 7.5 0 254 FE 108.7 108 761 235 EB 100% white 100 100 700 16 10 Black 0 7.5 0 1 01 -6.9 1.2 -48 0 00 0 7.5 0 Reserved Table 12. D/A Converter and Analog Levels NTSC, PAL-M NTSC w/o Setup PAL-B,G,H,I,N Video Level D/A IRE D/A IRE D/A mV Maximum Output 1022 134.8 1022 138.4 1022 817 100% white 820 100 820 100 800 700 Black 284 7.5 240 0 240 0 Blank 240 0 240 0 240 0 Sync 12 -40 12 -40 0 -300 White-to-blank 580 100 580 100 560 700 White-to- sync 808 140 808 140 800 1000 Color burst p-p 232 40 232 40 244 300 20 REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION TMC2490A Filtering Within the TMC2490A The chroma portion of the incoming digital video is bandlimited to reduce edge effect and other distortions of the image compression process. Chrominance bandwidth is selected by CHRBW. When LOW, the chrominance passband attenuation is <3 dB within ±650 kHz from fSC. The stopband rejection is >26 dB outside fSC ±2 MHz. When HIGH, the chrominance passband attenuation is <3 dB within ±1.3 MHz from fSC. The stopband rejection is >33 dB outside fSC ±4 MHz. 0 Attenuation (dB) -10 Wideband 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 -2.5 -3.0 -20 -3.5 0 1 2 3 4 Frequency (MHz) -30 -40 5 6 24488A Figure 11. Chrominance and Luminance Interpolation Filter – Passband Detail Narrowband -50 -60 -70 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 24490A Frequency (MHz) Figure 9. Color-Difference Low-Pass Filter Response The Chroma Modulator output and the luminance data are digitally filtered with sharp-cutoff low-pass interpolation filters. These filters ensure that aliased subcarrier, chrominance, and luminance frequencies are sufficiently suppressed above the video base-band. The TMC2490A’s digital interpolation filters convert the data stream to a sample rate of twice the pixel rate. This results in much less high frequency sin(x)/x rolloff and the output spectrum between fS/4 and 3 x fS/4 contains very little energy. Since there is so little signal energy in this frequency band, the demands placed on the output reconstruction filter are greatly reduced. The output filter needs to be flat to fS/4 and have good rejection at 3 x fS/4. The relaxed requirements greatly simplify the design of a filter with good phase response and low group delay distortion. A small amount of peaking may be added to compensate residual sin(x)/x rolloff. 0 0 -10 -1 Attenuation (dB) Attenuation (dB) Virtually all digital-to-analog converters have a response with high frequency roll-off as a result of the zero-order hold characteristic of classic D/A converters. This response is commonly referred to as a sin(x)/x response. The sin(x)/x vs. sampling frequency is shown in Figure 12. Attenuation (dB) The TMC2490A incorporates internal digital filters to establish appropriate bandwidths and simplify external analog reconstruction filter designs. -20 -30 -40 -50 -3 Fs=13.5Msps -4 -5 -60 -70 Fs=27.0Msps (Oversampled) -2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Frequency (MHz) 10 11 12 13 24487A Figure 10. Chrominance and Luminance Interpolation Filter – Full Spectrum Response REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 -6 0 1 2 3 4 5 Frequency (MHz) 6 7 8 24489A Figure 12. Sin(x)/x Response 21 TMC2490A PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Closed Caption Insertion The TMC2490A includes a flexible closed caption processor. It may be programmed to insert a closed caption signal on any line within a range of 16 lines on ODD and/or EVEN fields. Closed Caption insertion overrides all other configurations of the encoder. If it is specified on an active video line, it takes precedence over the video data and removes NTSC setup if setup has been programmed for the active video lines. Closed Caption Control Closed caption is turned on by setting CCON HIGH. Whenever the encoder begins producing a line specified by CCFLD and CCLINE, it will insert a closed caption line in its place. If CCRTS is HIGH, the data contained in CCDx will be sent. IF CCRTS is LOW, Null Bytes (hex 00 with ODD parity) will be sent. Line Selection The line to contain CC data is selected by a combination of the CCFLD bit and the CCLINE bits. CCLINE is added to the offset shown in Table 13 to specify the line. Table 13. Closed Caption Line Selection Standard Offset Field Lines 525 12 ODD 12-27 274 EVEN 274-289 9 ODD 9-24 321 EVEN 321-336 625 Parity Generation Standard Closed-Caption signals employ ODD parity, which may be automatically generated by setting CCPAR HIGH. Alternatively, parity may be generated externally as part of the bytes to be transmitted, and, with CCPAR LOW, the entire 16 bits loaded into the CCDx registers will be sent unchanged. 3. Write into register 22 the proper combination of CCFLD and CCLINE. CCPAR may be written as desired. Set CCRTS HIGH. 4. The CC data is transmitted during the specified line. As soon as CCDx is transferred into the CC processor (and CCRTS goes LOW), new data may be loaded into registers 20 and 21. This allows the user to transmit CC data on several consecutive lines by loading data for line n+1 while data is being sent on line n. Registers 20-21 auto-increment when read or written. Register 22 does not. The microcontroller can repeatedly read register 22 until CCRTS is found to be LOW, then address register 20 and write three auto-incremented bytes to set up for the next CC line. Parallel Microprocessor Interface The parallel microprocessor interface, active when SER is HIGH, employs an 11-line interface, with an 8-bit data bus and one address bit: two addresses are required for device programming and pointer-register management. Address bit 0 selects between reading/writing the register addresses and reading/writing register data. When writing, the address is presented along with a LOW on the R/W pin during the falling edge of CS. Eight bits of data are presented on D7-0 during the subsequent rising edge of CS. In read mode, the address is accompanied by a HIGH on the R/W pin during a falling edge of CS. The data output pins go to a low-impedance state tDOZ ns after CS falls. Valid data is present on D7-0 tDOM after the falling edge of CS. Table 14. Parallel Port Control ADR R/W 1 0 Load D7-0 into Control Register pointer. 1 1 Read Control Register pointer on D7-0. Operating Sequence 0 0 A typical operational sequence for closed-caption insertion on Line 21 is: Write D7-0 to addressed Control Register. 0 1 Read addressed Control Register on D7-0. 1. Read Register 22 and check that bit 6 is LOW, indicating that the CCDx registers are ready to accept data. 2. If ready, write two bytes of CC data into registers 20 and 21. 22 Action REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION TMC2490A tPWLCS tPWHCS SCL/CS tSA tHA SDA / R/W SA0/ADR tSD tHD D7-0 65-3548-02 Figure 13. Microprocessor Parallel Port - Write Timing tPWLCS tPWHCS SCL/CS tSA tHA SDA / R/W SA0/ADR tDOM tHOM D7-0 tDOZ 65-3548-03 Figure 14. Microprocessor Parallel Port - Read Timing Serial Control Port (R-Bus) In addition to the 11-wire parallel port, a 2-wire serial control interface is also provided, and active when SER is LOW. Either port alone can control the entire chip. Up to four TMC2490A devices may be connected to the 2-wire serial interface with each device having a unique address. The 2-wire interface comprises a clock (SCL/CS) and a bidirectional data (SDA/R/W) pin. The TMC2490A acts as a slave for receiving and transmitting data over the serial interface. When the serial interface is not active, the logic levels on SCL/CS and SDA/R/W are pulled HIGH by external pullup resistors. Data received or transmitted on the SDA/R/W line must be stable for the duration of the positive-going SCL/CS pulse. Data on SDA/R/W can only change when SCL/CS is LOW. If SDA/R/W changes state while SCL/CS is HIGH, the serial interface interprets that action as a start or stop sequence. • Base register address byte • Data byte to read or write • Stop signal When the serial interface is inactive (SCL/CS and SDA/R/W are HIGH) communications are initiated by sending a start signal. The start signal is a HIGH-to-LOW transition on SDA/R/W while SCL/CS is HIGH. This signal alerts all slaved devices that a data transfer sequence is coming. The first eight bits of data transferred after a start signal comprise a seven bit slave address and a single R/W bit. As shown in Figure 16A, the R/W bit indicates the direction of data transfer, read from or write to the slave device. If the transmitted slave address matches the address of the device (set by the state of the SA0/ADR and SA1 input pins in Table 15), the TMC2490A acknowledges by bringing SDA/R/W LOW on the 9th SCL/CS pulse. If the addresses do not match, the TMC2490A does not acknowledge. There are five components to serial bus operation: • Start signal • Slave address byte REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 23 TMC2490A PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Table 15. Serial Port Addresses A1 A0 (SA1) (SA0) A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Data Transfer via Serial Interface For each byte of data read or written, the MSB is the first bit of the sequence. If the TMC2490A does not acknowledge the master device during a write sequence, the SDA/R/W remains HIGH so the master can generate a stop signal. If the master device does not acknowledge the TMC2490A during a read sequence, the TMC2490A interprets this as “end of data.” The SDA/R/ W remains HIGH so the master can generate a stop signal. Writing data to specific control registers of the TMC2490A requires that the 8-bit address of the control register of interest be written after the slave address has been established. This control register address is the base address for subsequent write operations. The base address auto-increments by one for each byte of data written after the data byte intended for the base address. If more bytes are transferred than there are available addresses, the address will not increment and will remain at its maximum value of 22h. Any base address higher than 22h will not produce an ACKnowledge signal. Data is read from the control registers of the TMC2490A in a similar manner. Reading requires two data transfer operations: • The base address must be written with the R/W bit of the slave address byte LOW to set up a sequential read operation. • Reading (the R/W bit of the slave address byte HIGH) begins at the previously established base address. The address of the read register auto-increments after each byte is transferred. To terminate a read/write sequence to the TMC2490A, a stop signal must be sent. A stop signal comprises of a LOW-toHIGH transition of SDA/R/W while SCL/CS is HIGH. A repeated start signal occurs when the master device driving the serial interface generates a start signal without first generating a stop signal to terminate the current communication. This is used to change the mode of communication (read, write) between the slave and master without releasing the serial interface lines. SDA / R/W tBUFF tDHO tDSU tSTAH tSTASU tSTOSU tDAL SCL/CS tDAH 24469A Figure 15. Serial Port Read/Write Timing 24 REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION TMC2490A Serial Interface Read/Write Examples Read from one control register Write to one control register • • • • • • • • • • • • • Start signal Slave Address byte (R/W bit = LOW) Base Address byte Data byte to base address Stop signal Write to four consecutive control registers • • • • • • • • Start signal Slave Address byte (R/W bit = LOW) Base Address byte Data byte to base address Data byte to (base address + 1) Data byte to (base address + 2) Data byte to (base address + 3) Stop signal SDA / R/W Start signal Slave Address byte (R/W bit = LOW) Base Address byte Stop signal Start signal Slave Address byte (R/W bit = HIGH) Data byte from base address No Acknowledge Read from four consecutive control registers • • • • • • • • • • • Start signal Slave Address byte (R/W bit = LOW) Base Address byte Stop signal Start signal Slave Address byte (R/W bit = HIGH) Data byte from base address Data byte from (base address + 1) Data byte from (base address + 2) Data byte from (base address + 3) No Acknowledge MSB LSB ACK SCL/CS 24470A Figure 16. Serial Interface – Typical Byte Transfer SDA / R/W A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 SA1 SA0 R/W ACK SCL/CS 65-3548-05 Figure 16A. Chip Address with Read/Write Bit REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 25 TMC2490A PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Equivalent Circuits and Threshold Levels VDD VDD p p RREF n p VREF VDD OUT GND 27012B GND 27013B Figure 18. Equivalent Analog Input Circuit Figure 19. Equivalent Analog Output Circuit VDD VDD p p Digital Input Digital Output n GND n GND 27014C Figure 20. Equivalent Digital Input Circuit 27011C Figure 21. Equivalent Digital Output Circuit tENA CS Three-State Outputs tDIS 0.5V High Impedance 0.5V 2.0V 0.8V 7048C Figure 22. Threshold Levels for Three-State Measurements REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 26 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION TMC2490A Absolute Maximum Ratings (beyond which the device may be damaged)1 Parameter Min. Power Supply Voltage Typ. Max. Unit -0.5 7.0 V Applied Voltage2 -0.5 VDD + 0.5 V Forced Current3,4 -20.0 20.0 mA -0.5 VDD + 0.5 V -3.0 6.0 mA 1 sec 110 °C 140 °C Digital Inputs Output Applied Voltage2 Forced Current3,4 Short Circuit Duration (single output in HIGH state to ground) Analog Short Circuit Duration (all outputs to ground) Infinite Temperature Operating, Ambient -20 Junction 150 °C Lead Soldering (10 seconds) 300 °C Vapor Phase Soldering (1 minute) 220 °C Storage Temperature -65 Notes: 1. Functional operation under any of these conditions is NOT implied. Performance and reliability are guaranteed only if Operating Conditions are not exceeded. 2. Applied voltage must be current limited to specified range. 3. Forcing voltage must be limited to specified range. 4. Current is specified as conventional current flowing into the device. Operating Conditions Parameter Conditions VDD Power Supply Voltage VIH Input Voltage, Logic HIGH TTL Compatible Inputs CLK Input R-Bus Inputs VIL Input Voltage, Logic LOW TTL Compatible Inputs Min. Typ. Max. Units 4.75 5.0 5.25 V 2.0 VDD V 2.4 VDD 0.7VDD GND 0.8 R-Bus Inputs V 0.3VDD VREF External Reference Voltage 1.235 V IREF D/A Converter Reference Current (IREF = VREF/RREF), flowing out of the RREF pin 1.57 mA RREF External Reference Resistor VREF = NOM, RL = 75Ω 787 Ω IOH Output Current, Logic HIGH -2.0 mA IOL Output Current, Logic LOW 4.0 mA TA Ambient Temperature, Still Air 70 °C 0 27 TMC2490A PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Operating Conditions (continued) Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units Pixel Interface fPXL Pixel Rate fPXCK Master Clock Rate tPWHPX PXCK pulse width, HIGH 10 ns tPWLPX PXCK pulse width, LOW 15 ns tSP PD7-0 Setup Time 15 ns tHP PD7-0 Hold Time 0 ns = 2X pixel rate 13.5 Mpps 27.0 MHz Parallel Microprocessor Interface tPWLCS CS Pulse Width, LOW 95 ns tPWHCS CS Pulse Width, HIGH 3 pixels tSA Address Setup Time 17 ns tHA Address Hold Time 0 ns tSD Data Setup Time (write) 17 ns tHD Data Hold Time (write) 0 ns tPWLR RESET Pulse Width, LOW 16 PXCK Serial Microprocessor Interface tDAL SCL Pulse Width, LOW 1.3 µs tDAH SCL Pulse Width, HIGH 0.6 µs tSTAH SDA Start Hold Time 0.6 µs tSTASU SCL to SDA Setup Time (Stop) 0.6 µs tSTOSU SCL to SDA Setup Time (Start) 0.6 µs tBUFF SDA Stop Hold Time Setup 1.3 µs tDSU SDA to SCL Data Setup Time 300 ns tDHO SDA to SCL Data Hold Time 300 ns REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 28 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION TMC2490A DC Electrical Characteristics Parameter Conditions 1 Min. Typ. Max. Units IDD Power Supply Current, Unloaded VDD = Max, fPXCK = 27MHz 130 mA IDDQ Power Supply Current, Quiescent2 VDD = Max 20 mA VRO Voltage Reference Output 1.173 1.297 V IBR Reference Bias -100 100 µA ZRO VREF Output Impedance 1.235 Ω 1000 IIH Input Current, HIGH VDD = Max, VIN = VDD ±10 µA IIL Input Current, LOW VDD = Max, VIN = 0V ±10 µA IOZH Hi-Z Output Leakage Current, Output HIGH VDD = Max, VIN = VDD ±10 µA IOZL Hi-Z Output Leakage Current, Output LOW VDD = Max, VIN = 0V ±10 µA -10 mA IOS Short-Circuit Current VOH Output Voltage, HIGH IOH = Max -50 VOL Output Voltage, LOW IOL = Max CI Digital Input Capacitance 4 CI Digital Output Capacitance 10 VOC Video Output Compliance ROUT Video Output Resistance COUT Video Output Capacitance 2.4 V -0.3 0.4 V 10 pF pF 2.0 15 IOUT = 0mA, f = 1MHz V kΩ 15 25 pF Typ. Max. Units Notes: 1. Maximum IDD with VDD = Max and TA = Min. Outputs loaded wtih 75Ω. 2. IDDQ when RESET = LOW, disabling D/A converters. AC Electrical Characteristics Parameter Conditions Min. tDOZ Output Delay, CS to low-Z 14 ns tHOM Output Hold Time, CS to high-Z 30 ns tDOM Output Delay, CS to Data Valid 40 ns tR D/A Output Current Risetime 10% to 90% of full scale 2 ns tF D/A Output Current Falltime 90% to 10% of full scale 2 ns tDOV Analog Output Delay 3 11 17 ns Note: 1. Timing reference points are at the 50% level. Analog CLOAD <10pF, D7-0 load <40pF. 29 TMC2490A PRODUCT SPECIFICATION System Performance Characteristics Parameter Conditions Min. 10 Typ. Max. 10 10 Units RES D/A Converter Resolution dp Differential Phase PXCK = 27 MHz, 40 IRE Ramp 0.6 degree Bits dg Differential Gain PXCK = 27 MHz, 40 IRE Ramp 0.7 % CNLP Chroma Nonlinear Phase NTC-7 Combination 0.3 degree CNLG Chroma Nonlinear Gain NTC-7 Combination TBD % CLIM Chroma/Luma Intermodulation NTC-7 Combination 0.3 IRE CLGI Chroma/Luma Gain inequality NTC-7 Composite TBD % CLDI Chroma/Luma Delay inequality NTC-7 Composite 7.1 ns LNLD Luma Nonlinear Distortion NTC-7 TBD % FTWD Field Time Waveform Distortion NTC-7 0.1 % LTWD Line Time Waveform Distortion NTC-7 0.3 % NOISE Noise Level 1 100% unmod. ramp -55 dB rms CAMN Chroma AM Noise Red field -63 dB rms CPMN Chroma PM Noise Red field -62 dB rms SYR Sync Pulse Rise Time ns SYF PSRR Sync Pulse Fall Time Power Supply Rejection Ratio NTSC 140 PAL 250 NTSC 140 PAL 250 CBYP = 0.1 µF, f = 1 kHz 0.02 ns %/%VDD Note: 1. Noise Level is uniformly weighted, 10 kHz to 5.0 MHz bandwidth, with Tilt Null ON measured using VM700 "Measure Mode." REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 30 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION TMC2490A Applications Information The circuit in Figure 24 shows the connection of power supply voltages, output reconstruction filters and the external voltage reference. All VDD pins should be connected to the same power source. The full-scale output voltage level, VOUT, on the COMPOSITE, LUMA, and CHROMA pins is found from: VOUT = IOUT x RL = K x IREF x RL = K x (VREF/RREF) x RL The reference voltage in Figure 24 is from an LM185 1.2 Volt band-gap reference. The 392 Ohm resistor connected from RREF to ground sets the overall "gain" of the three D/A converters of the TMC2490A. A 787Ω resistor is used for single 75Ω termination. Varying RREF ±5% will cause the full-scale output voltage on COMPOSITE, LUMA, and CHROMA to vary by ±5%. The suggested output reconstruction filter is the same one used on the TMC2063P7C Demonstration Board. The phase and frequency response of this filter is shown in Figure 23. The Schottky diode is for ESD protection. where: Analog Reconstruction Filter 40 0 0 -10 -40 Phase (deg) Attenuation (dB) • IOUT is the full-scale output current sourced by the TMC2490A D/A converters. • RL is the net resistive load on the COMPOSITE, CHROMA, and LUMA output pins. • K is a constant for the TMC2490A D/A converters (approximately equal to 10.4). • IREF is the reference current flowing out of the RREF pin to ground. • VREF is the voltage measured on the VREF pin. • RREF is the total resistance connected between the RREF pin and ground. • A 0.1µF capacitor should be connected between the CBYP pin and the adjacent VDDA, pin. -20 -80 -30 -40 -120 -50 -160 -60 0 5 10 15 Frequency (MHz) 20 -200 25 24365A Figure 23. Response of Recommended Output Filter VIDEO FROM ENCODER 1.8µH 75Ω 27pF 75Ω 100pF 10µF 330pF VSYNC HSYNC PD7-0 PDC SELC CHROMA LUMA TMC2490A Multistandard Digital Video Encoder COMPOSITE VDDA D7-0 SCL/CS SDA / R/W B/T LPF GND SER RESET SA1 SA0/ADR VIDEO INTERFACE VDD PXCK HSYNC MPEG-2 Decoder 330pF 0.1µF 27.0 MHz CLOCK YC7-0 +5V 1.0µH +5V PIXCLK VIDEO OUTPUT TO 75Ω LOAD 1N5818 +5V CBYP 0.1µF 3.3kΩ 392Ω LM185-1.2 VREF RREF 0.1µF CONTROL INTERFACE 65-2490(1)A-03 Figure 24. Typical Application Circuit REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 31 TMC2490A PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Notes: 32 REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION TMC2490A Notes: REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 33 TMC2490A PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Notes: 34 REV. 1.0.2 2/27/02 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION TMC2490A Mechanical Dimensions – 44-Pin PLCC Package Inches Symbol Min. A A1 A2 B B1 D/E D1/E1 D3/E3 e J ND/NE N ccc Max. .165 .180 .090 .120 .020 — .013 .021 .026 .032 .685 .695 .650 .656 .500 BSC .050 BSC .042 .056 11 44 — .004 Millimeters Min. Notes: Notes 1. All dimensions and tolerances conform to ANSI Y14.5M-1982 Max. 4.20 4.57 2.29 3.04 .51 — .33 .53 .66 .81 17.40 17.65 16.51 16.66 12.7 BSC 1.27 BSC 1.07 1.42 11 44 — 0.10 2. Corner and edge chamfer (J) = 45° 3. Dimension D1 and E1 do not include mold protrusion. Allowable protrusion is .101" (.25mm) 3 2 E E1 D J D1 D3/E3 B1 J e A A1 A2 B –C– LEAD COPLANARITY ccc C 35 TMC2490A PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Ordering Information Product Number Temperature Range Screening Package Package Marking TMC2490AR2C 0°C to 70°C Commercial 44-Lead PLCC 2490AR2C DISCLAIMER FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES WITHOUT FURTHER NOTICE TO ANY PRODUCTS HEREIN TO IMPROVE RELIABILITY, FUNCTION OR DESIGN. FAIRCHILD DOES NOT ASSUME ANY LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE APPLICATION OR USE OF ANY PRODUCT OR CIRCUIT DESCRIBED HEREIN; NEITHER DOES IT CONVEY ANY LICENSE UNDER ITS PATENT RIGHTS, NOR THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS. LIFE SUPPORT POLICY FAIRCHILD’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and (c) whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury of the user. 2. A critical component in any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. www.fairchildsemi.com 2/27/02 0.0m 003 Stock# DS7002490A 1998 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation