Diodes AP1694AS Offline, high pf, high efficiency dimmable led driver controller Datasheet

AP1694AS-13
OFFLINE, HIGH PF, HIGH EFFICIENCY DIMMABLE LED DRIVER CONTROLLER
Description
Pin Assignments
NEW PRODUCT
The AP1694AS-13 is a high performance AC-DC power factor
corrector for mains dimmable LED driver applications. The device
uses Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM) technology to regulate
output current while achieving high power factor and low THD. It
operates as a BCM (Boundary Conduction Mode) controller which is
good for EMI.
(Top View)
The AP1694AS-13 provides accurate constant current (CC) regulation
while removing the opto-coupler and secondary control circuitry. It
also eliminates the need for loop compensation circuitry while
maintaining stability. It can meet the requirement of IEC6100-3-2
harmonic standard.
The AP1694AS-13 features low start-up current and low operation
current. It adopts valley on switching mode to achieve high efficiency.
It also has rich protection features including overvoltage, short circuit,
and over-temperature protection.
The AP1694AS-13 provides the dimmable LED driver with a wide
dimmer compatibility including leading edge and trailing edge dimmer.
The AP1694AS-13 can achieve deep dimming down to 1%, while the
dimming curve is compliant with the standard of NEMA SSL6.
The AP1694AS-13 is available in SO-8 package.
Applications

Mains Dimmable LED Lighting
1
8
VCC
RI
2
7
OUT
SGND
3
6
GND
CS
4
5
FB
SO-8
Features
















Notes:
NC
Primary Side Control for Output Current Regulation without Optocoupler
Boundary Conduction Mode (BCM) Operation to Achieve Highefficiency
High PF and Low THD (PF > 0.9, THD < 30%)
High Efficiency without Dimmer
Wide Range of Dimmer Compatibility
Dimming Curve Compliant with NEMA SSL6
Low Start-Up Current
Tight LED Current
Tight LED Open Voltage
Valley-Mode Switching to Minimize the Transition Loss
Mosfet Driver up to 25W
Easy EMI
Internal Protections:

Under Voltage Lock Out(UVLO)

Leading-Edge Blanking (LEB)

Output Short Protection

Output Open Protection

Over Temperature Protection
Flexible for Design with Small Form Factor and Very Low BOM
Cost
Totally Lead-Free & Fully RoHS Compliant (Notes 1 & 2)
Halogen and Antimony Free. “Green” Device (Note 3)
1. No purposely added lead. Fully EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS) & 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2) compliant.
2. See http://www.diodes.com/quality/lead_free.html for more information about Diodes Incorporated’s definitions of Halogen- and Antimony-free, "Green"
and Lead-free.
3. Halogen- and Antimony-free "Green” products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total Br + Cl) and
<1000ppm antimony compounds.
AP1694AS-13
Document number: DS37789 Rev. 1 - 2
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AP1694AS-13
Typical Applications Circuit
L1
L
RF
BD1
R9
R3
R2
C1
F1
C4
OUT
Q2
C2
TVS1
NEW PRODUCT
N
+
D2
T1
D1
Z1
R4
C3
R5
VCC
R1
FB
Q1
RI
OUT
SGND
GND
R6
CS
R7
R8
U1 AP1694AS-13
Typical Buck Application
L1
L
RF
BD1
R9
R3
R2
C1
N
F1
TVS1
Q2
C4
C2
D1
+
OUT
R4
T1
Z1
R5
C3
D2
R6
VCC
FB
R1
RI
SGND
GND
Q1
OUT
CS
R7
R8
U1 AP1694AS-13
Typical Buck-Boost Application
AP1694AS-13
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AP1694AS-13
Typical Applications Circuit (continued)
L1
L
RF
R9
F1
R2
+
D3
Q2
C2
NEW PRODUCT
TVS1
C5
R3
C1
N
D2
R10
BD1
D1
C4
OUT
R4
Z1
T1
R5
C3
R6
VCC
FB
R1
RI
Q1
OUT
SGND
CS
GND
R7
R8
U1 AP1694AS-13
Typical Fly-Back Application
Pin Descriptions
Pin Number
Pin Name
1
NC
No connection.
2
RI
The initial on time setting resistor.
3
SGND
4
CS
Primary current sensing.
5
FB
The feedback voltage from auxiliary winding.
6
GND
Ground.
7
OUT
Gate driver output.
8
VCC
Supply voltage of gate driver and control circuits of the IC.
AP1694AS-13
Document number: DS37789 Rev. 1 - 2
Function
Must connect to GND.
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AP1694AS-13
Functional Block Diagram
VCC
8
Vdd
CS_OCP
Power_EN
Vref
5
NEW PRODUCT
FB
Tons
Detector
2
RI
Regulator&
Bias
FB_CV
PRO Protection
& Latch FB_OVP
VCC_OVP
Tons
Set Initial Tonp
CC_CTRL
S
PFM
Logic Q
TONP_CTRL
7
Driver
OUT
R
3
SGND
Vcs_valley
4
CS
Vcsmax
Constant Turn-on
Time Generation
6
GND
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 4) (@TA = +25°C, unless otherwise specified.)
Symbol
Rating
Unit
VCC
Power Supply Voltage
-0.3 to 35
V
IOUT
Driver Output Current
150
mA
VCS
Voltage at CS to GND
-0.3 to 7
V
VFB
FB Input Voltage
-40 to 10
V
Operating Junction Temperature
-40 to +150
°C
TSTG
Storage Temperature
-65 to +150
°C
TLEAD
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)
+300
°C
PD
Power Dissipation (TA = +50C)
0.65
W
θJA
Thermal Resistance (Junction to Ambient)
160
°C/W
±2,000
V
±200
V
TJ
Note 4:
Parameter
–
ESD (Human Body Model)
–
ESD (Machine Model)
Stresses greater than those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “Recommended Operating Conditions” is not implied.
Exposure to “Absolute Maximum Ratings” for extended periods may affect device reliability.
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AP1694AS-13
Recommended Operating Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
Max
Unit
VCC
Power Supply Voltage
7
25
V
TA
Ambient Temperature
-40
+105
°C
Electrical Characteristics
(@TA = +25°C, unless otherwise specified.)
Symbol
NEW PRODUCT
Min
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
UVLO Section
Start-up Threshold
–
13
14.5
16
V
Minimum Operating Voltage
After turn on
5.5
6.5
7.5
V
VCC OVP Voltage
–
27
29
31
V
VCC Delatch Voltage (Note 5)
–
3
4
5
V
Start-up Current
VCC = VTH (ST) -0.5V,
Before start up
–
–
20
µA
Operating Current
Static
–
900
1,300
µA
Gate Voltage
–
11
12
14
V
ISOURCE_L
Low Driver Source Current
–
35
40
45
mA
ISOURCE_H
High Driver Source Current
–
90
100
120
mA
Sink Resistance
–
6
7
8
Ω
Current Sense Reference
–
–
1
–
V
Current Sense Reference Clamp
–
1.2
1.4
–
V
Minimum tONP
–
700
–
1,000
ns
Delay to Output (Note 5)
–
50
150
250
ns
Feedback Pin Input Leakage
Current
VFB = 2V
–
–
4
µA
VFB_CV
FB CV Threshold
–
3.8
4
4.2
V
VFB_OVP
FB OVP Threshold
–
4.5
6
7.5
V
System Output Current On Final
Test Board
–
–
–
±2
%
VTH (ST)
VOPR (Min)
VCC_OVP
–
Standby Current Section
IST
ICC (OPR)
Drive Output Section
VGATE
RDS(on)
Current Sense Section
VCS_REF
VCS_CLAMP
tONP_MIN
tD(H-L)
Feedback Input Section
IFB
Output Current
–
Over Temperature Protection Section
Note 5:
–
Shutdown Temperature (Note 5)
–
+150
–
–
°C
–
Temperature Hysteresis (Note 5)
–
–
+20
–
°C
These parameters, although guaranteed by design, are not 100% tested in production.
AP1694AS-13
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AP1694AS-13
Performance Characteristics
CV Threshold vs. Supply Voltage
Start-up Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature
4.2
16.0
15.5
4.1
Start-up Voltage (V)
CV Threshold (V)
3.9
3.8
14.5
14.0
13.5
13.0
3.7
12.5
3.6
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
12.0
-40
28
-20
0
Supply Voltage (V)
20
40
60
80
100
120
o
Ambient Temperature ( C)
Minimal Operating Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature
Start-up Current vs. Ambient Temperature
7.2
2.0
7.1
7.0
6.9
Start-up Current (A)
Minimal Operating Voltage (V)
1.8
6.8
6.7
6.6
6.5
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
6.4
0.8
6.3
6.2
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.6
-40
120
-20
0
o
20
40
60
80
100
120
o
Ambient Temperature ( C)
Ambient Temperature ( C)
Operating Current vs. Ambient Temperature
CV Threshold vs. Ambient Temperature
1000
4.50
4.25
CV Threshold (V)
900
Operating Current (A)
NEW PRODUCT
15.0
4.0
800
700
4.00
3.75
3.50
600
3.25
500
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
3.00
-40
o
AP1694AS-13
Document number: DS37789 Rev. 1 - 2
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
o
Ambient Temperature ( C)
Ambient Temperature ( C)
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AP1694AS-13
Performance Characteristics (continued)
FB Leakage Current vs. Ambient Temperature
Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage
2.25
1200
1000
Supply Current (A)
FB Leakage Current (A)
NEW PRODUCT
2.00
1.75
1.50
1.25
1.00
-40
800
600
400
200
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
0
120
Ambient Temperature ( C)
AP1694AS-13
Document number: DS37789 Rev. 1 - 2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
Supply Voltage (V)
o
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AP1694AS-13
Application Information Based on Buck Structure
The AP1694AS-13 uses constant on time control method within one AC cycle to achieve the high power factor. When the dimmer is connected to
the driver, although a part of input voltage is cut off by the dimmer, the system still operates in constant on time mode. In this way, good dimmer
compatibility can be realized.
L1
RF
L
BD1
NEW PRODUCT
R9
R3
R2
C1
F1
N
TVS1
+
D2
C4
OUT
Q2
C2
T1
D1
Z1
R4
C3
R5
VCC
R1
FB
Q1
RI
OUT
SGND
GND
R6
CS
R7
R8
U1 AP1694AS-13
Figure 1. Typical Buck Application Circuit
When the dimmer is connected, and the conduction angle of the dimmer is
can be determined as:
   ; according to the control principle of the IC, the output current
 1 Vcs _ ref
 sin( ) if（  ）
1
 
I o ( , )   I pk ( ,  )   2 R8
2
0
else

In consideration of the dead zone of the buck structure, the output current DC value can be calculated as below:
I o _ mean  k 
1


0
I o ( , )d
Where,
Vcs _ ref


is the reference of the current sense, and the typical value is 1V.
is the cutoff angle of dimmer.
is the phase of the input voltage.
k is the current modification coefficient , and the value is approximate to be 0.7.
When no dimmer is connected with the driver ( 
 0 ), the output current DC value can be calculated by:
1 V
I o _ mean  k   cs_ref
 R8
AP1694AS-13
Document number: DS37789 Rev. 1 - 2
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AP1694AS-13
Application Information Based on Buck Structure (continued)
Design Parameters
Setting the Current Sense Resistor R8
According to the equation of the output current, the current sense resistor R8 is determined:
NEW PRODUCT
R8  k 
Vcs _ ref
  I o _ mean
Transformer Selection
The typical non-isolated buck circuit in Figure 1 is usually selected, and the system is operating at boundary conduction mode. The switching
frequency at the crest is set as fmin, the inductance can be calculated as below:
L
( 2 Vin _ rms  Vo )  R8 Vo
Vcs _ ref  2 Vin _ rms  f min
Where,
Vo
is the output voltage.
Vin _ rms
is the RMS value of the input voltage.
According to Ferrari's law of electromagnetic induction, the winding turns number of the buck inductance N L is:
L  i pk
NL 
Ae  Bm

L Vcs _ ref
Ae  Bm  R8
Where,
Ae is the core effective area.
Bm is the maximum magnetic flux density.
The auxiliary winding is the power supply for VCC, the winding turns number Naux is:
N aux  N L 
Vcc
Vo  Vd
Where,
VCC is the power supply voltage for IC from auxiliary winding.
Vd is the voltage drop of the freewheel diode.
Setting the Initial On Time
As the AP1694AS-13 adopts the constant on time control method, the AP1694AS-13 will generate an initial on time to start a working cycle. If the
initial on time is longer than the rated on time, overshoot will happen. The initial on time is determined by resister R1 shown in Figure 1.
According to the initial on time generation mechanism, the ton_initial is:
t on _ initial  80  R1 10 12 s
To guarantee the system with no overshoot phenomenon, the resistor R1 is selected:
R1 
1.25  L
1010 
R8  2U in _ rms _ max
AP1694AS-13
Document number: DS37789 Rev. 1 - 2
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AP1694AS-13
Application Information Based on Buck Structure
(cont.)
In dimmable application, on the condition of the acceptable line regulation, the smaller R1 is selected, as it will be better for dimming performance.
Valley On Control Method
The valley on function can provide low turn-on switching losses for buck converter. The voltage across the power-switch is reflected by the
auxiliary winding of the buck transformer. The voltage is sensed by FB pin.
NEW PRODUCT
FB
0.1V
Valley
1µs
Figure 2.Valley On-Control
According to Figure 2, when the falling edge of 0.1V is sensed by FB pin, the AP1694AS-13 will see the toff time is over and delay 1µs to start a
new operating cycle. By this way we can realize valley on function.
Passive Damping and Bleeder Design
The passive bleeder is designed to supply latching and holding current to eliminate misfire and flicker.
L
RF
Passive
Bleeding
L1
Damping
DB1
R9
C1
N
F1
C2
Figure 3. LED Driver Schematic with Passive Bleeder
A passive bleeder is composed of a resister (R9) and a capacitor (C2). C1 is input filter capacitor and RF is damper resistor.
The passive bleeder includes a capacitor (C2, hundreds of nF) to provide latching current. To remove the voltage and current spike, a resistor (R9)
is necessary to dampen the spike.
In dimmable application, because a large C2 will affect the PF, THD and efficiency, the value of the capacitor (C2) selected should be suitable.
Generally, 100nF/400V to 330nF/400V is recommended.
RF is the damper for reducing the spike current caused by quick charging of C2 at firing. RF is selected from 20Ω to 100Ω for low-line application,
and 51Ω to 200Ω for high-line application. If R9 is too small, R9 can’t fully dampen the spike current and ringing current will occur. The ringing
current will cause the TRIAC misfire which will cause LED flicking. Another consideration in R9 selection is power loss; an R9 that is too large will
make more power dissipation. Generally, a 200Ω to 2KΩ resistor is selected for R9.
AP1694AS-13
Document number: DS37789 Rev. 1 - 2
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AP1694AS-13
Application Information Based on Buck Structure
(cont.)
Fault Protection
Over Voltage Protection and Output Open Protection
VCC
NEW PRODUCT
RFB1
FB
RFB2
AP1694A
Figure 4. OVP Circuit
The output voltage is sensed by the auxiliary winding voltage of the Buck transformer. The VCC pin and FB pin provide over voltage protection
function. When the output is open or large transient happens, the output voltage will exceed the rated value. When the voltage of Vcc cap exceeds
VCC_OVP or VFB_CV, the over voltage is triggered and the IC will discharge VCC. When the VCC is below the UVLO threshold voltage, IC will start a
new work cycle and the Vcc cap is charged again by start resistance. If the over voltage condition still exists, the system will work in hiccup mode.
Attention: If the external fast startup circuit is adding in the application and the over voltage protection and output open protection happen, the IC
will trigger latch.
Output Short Protection
When the output is shorted, the output voltage will be clamped at zero. At this condition, VCC will drop down without auxiliary winding for power
supply, and the VCC will drop to UVLO threshold voltage. The IC will shut down and restart a new operating cycle, and the V CC is charged by
startup resistance. When VCC is higher than Vcc_start voltage, IC will output a bunch of pulses to control power switch on and off. When still no FB
signal detected, the device will not output more pulses. The VCC will again drop to VCC UVLO threshold. If output short condition still exists, the
system will operate in hiccup mode.
Attention: If the external fast startup circuit is adding in the application, the device will not work at UVLO mode, and the device will work at
minimum toff mode.
Over Temperature Protection
AP1694AS-13 has two kinds of over-temperature protection processes. First, if the system is operating normally, the ambient temperature is
changed to +170°C, and suddenly the IC will trigger over-temperature protection which leads to a latch work mode. Second, if the system starts
when the ambient temperature is higher than +150°C, over temperature protection will be triggered. So, the AP1694AS-13 can startup
successfully when the ambient temperature is less than +150°C.
Components Selection Guide
If the system’s spec is changed, please refer to the design sheet of the AP1694AS-13 and select the compatible system parameter. When the
system needs to be adjusted slightly, please refer to the table below and adjust the value of the related component.
Item
Description
Related Components
IO
Output current
R8
Output Current Ripple
Small current ripple is good for LED life
C4
ton_initial
System initial on time, used to startup the system
R1
Output Open Voltage
Setting the output voltage when the LED is open
R5, R6
Dimming Performance
Improve the dimming performance
EMI
Pass EN 55022 class B with 6DB margin
Line Compensation
To get a good line regulation
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Document number: DS37789 Rev. 1 - 2
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R1, RF, R9, C2, C4
L1, C1
R7
July 2015
© Diodes Incorporated
AP1694AS-13
Ordering Information
NEW PRODUCT
AP1694A X - 13
Package
Packing
S: SO-8
13 : 13" Tape & Reel
13” Tape and Reel
Part Number
Package Code
AP1694AS-13
Packaging
S
SO-8
Quantity
Part Number Suffix
4,000/Tape & Reel
-13
Marking Information
(Top View)
8
7
6
5
Logo
Part Number
YY : Year : 15,16,17 ~
WW : Week : 01~52; 52
represents 52 and 53 week
X X : Internal Code
1694AS-13
YY WW X X
1
AP1694AS-13
Document number: DS37789 Rev. 1 - 2
2
3
4
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AP1694AS-13
Package Outline Dimensions (All dimensions in mm (inch).)
0.254
Please see AP02002 at http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02002.pdf for the latest version.
E1 E
A1
NEW PRODUCT
L
SO-8
Dim
Min
Max
A
1.75
A1
0.10
0.20
A2
1.30
1.50
A3
0.15
0.25
b
0.3
0.5
D
4.85
4.95
E
5.90
6.10
E1
3.85
3.95
e
1.27 Typ
h
0.35
L
0.62
0.82

0
8
All Dimensions in mm
Gauge Plane
Seating Plane
Detail ‘A’
7°~9°
h
45°
Detail ‘A’
A2 A A3
b
e
D
Suggested Pad Layout
Please see AP02001 at http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02001.pdf for the latest version
X
Dimensions
X
Y
C1
C2
C1
Value (in mm)
0.60
1.55
5.4
1.27
C2
Y
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AP1694AS-13
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NEW PRODUCT
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acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products and any
use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices- or systems-related
information or support that may be provided by Diodes Incorporated. Further, Customers must fully indemnify Diodes Incorporated and its
representatives against any damages arising out of the use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems.
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AP1694AS-13
Document number: DS37789 Rev. 1 - 2
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July 2015
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