MIC2545A/2549A Programmable Current-Limit High-Side Switch General Description Features The MIC2545A and MIC2549A are integrated high-side power switches optimized for low-loss DC power switching and other power-management applications, including advanced configuration and power interface (ACPI). The MIC2545A/49A is a cost-effective, highly-integrated solution that requires few external components to satisfy USB and ACPI requirements. Load current management features include a precision, resistor-programmable output current-limit and a soft-start circuit, which minimizes inrush current when the switch is enabled. Thermal shutdown, along with adjustable currentlimit, protects the switch and the attached device. The MIC2545A/49A’s open-drain flag output is used to indicate current-limiting or thermal shutdown to a local controller. The MIC2549A has an additional internal latch which turns the output off upon thermal shutdown, providing robust fault control. The enable signal is compatible with both 3V and 5V logic, and is also used as the thermal shutdown latch reset for the MIC2549A. The MIC2545A and MIC2549A are available in active-high and active-low enable versions in 8-pin DIP, SOIC, and TSSOP packages. Data sheets and support documentation can be found on Micrel’s web site at: www.micrel.com. • • • • • • • • • • • 2.7V to 5.5V input Adjustable current-limit up to 3A Reverse current flow blocking 90µA typical on-state supply current 1µA typical off-state supply current 50mΩ maximum on-resistance Open-drain fault flag Thermal shutdown Thermal-shutdown output latch (MIC2549A) 2ms (slow) soft-start turn-on, fast turnoff Available with active-high or active-low enable Applications • • • • • • USB power distribution PCI Bus Power Switching Notebook PC ACPI power distribution PC card hot swap applications Inrush current-limiting _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Typical Application Micrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com June 2011 M9999-062711-A Micrel, Inc. MIC2545A/2549A Ordering Information Part Number Enable Temperature Range Latch Pb-Free Package MIC2545A-1BM Active HIGH –40°C to +85°C No No 8-Pin SOP MIC2545A-1BN Active HIGH –40°C to +85°C No No 8-Pin DIP MIC2545A-1BTS Active HIGH –40°C to +85°C No No 14-Pin TSSOP MIC2545A-2BM Active LOW –40°C to +85°C No No 8-Pin SOP MIC2545A-2BN Active LOW –40°C to +85°C No No 8-Pin DIP MIC2545A-2BTS Active LOW –40°C to +85°C No No 14-Pin TSSOP MIC2545A-1YM Active HIGH –40°C to +85°C No Yes 8-Pin SOP MIC2545A-1YN Active HIGH –40°C to +85°C No Yes 8-Pin DIP MIC2545A-1YTS Active HIGH –40°C to +85°C No Yes 14-Pin TSSOP MIC2545A-2YM Active LOW –40°C to +85°C No Yes 8-Pin SOP MIC2545A-2YN Active LOW –40°C to +85°C No Yes 8-Pin DIP MIC2545A-2YTS Active LOW –40°C to +85°C No Yes 14-Pin TSSOP MIC2549A-1BM Active HIGH –40°C to +85°C Yes No 8-Pin SOP MIC2549A-1BN Active HIGH –40°C to +85°C Yes No 8-Pin DIP MIC2549A-1BTS Active HIGH –40°C to +85°C Yes No 14-Pin TSSOP MIC2549A-2BM Active LOW –40°C to +85°C Yes No 8-Pin SOP MIC2549A-2BN Active LOW –40°C to +85°C Yes No 8-Pin DIP MIC2549A-2BTS Active LOW –40°C to +85°C Yes No 14-Pin TSSOP MIC2549A-1YM Active HIGH –40°C to +85°C Yes Yes 8-Pin SOP MIC2549A-1YN Active HIGH –40°C to +85°C Yes Yes 8-Pin DIP MIC2549A-1YTS Active HIGH –40°C to +85°C Yes Yes 14-Pin TSSOP MIC2549A-2YM Active LOW –40°C to +85°C Yes Yes 8-Pin SOP MIC2549A-2YN Active LOW –40°C to +85°C Yes Yes 8-Pin DIP MIC2549A-2YTS Active LOW –40°C to +85°C Yes Yes 14-Pin TSSOP June 2011 2 M9999-062711-A Micrel, Inc. MIC2545A/2549A Pin Configuration 8-Pin SOP (M) 8-Pin DIP (N) 14-Pin TSSOP (TS) Pin Description Pin Number SOP, DIP Pin Number TSSOP Pin Name 1 1 EN Enable (Input): Logic-compatible enable input (−1 version is active high, −2 version is active low). High input >1.8V typical; low input <1.4V typical. Do not float. MIC2549A only: Also resets thermal-shutdown latch. 2 3 FLG Fault Flag (Output): Active-low, open-drain output. Indicates overcurrent or thermal shutdown. MIC2549A only: Latched low on thermal shutdown. 3 5 GND Ground: supply return. 4 7 ILIM Current Limit: Sets current-limit threshold using an external resistor (RSET) connected to ground. 76.8Ω < RSET < 459Ω. 5, 7 8, 12 IN Supply Input: Output MOSFET drain. Also powers internal circuitry. Both IN pins must be externally connected together. 6, 8 10, 14 OUT Switch Output: Output MOSFET source. Both OUT pins must be externally connected together. 2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 13 NC June 2011 Pin Function Not internally connected. 3 M9999-062711-A Micrel, Inc. MIC2545A/2549A Absolute Maximum Ratings(1) Operating Ratings(2) Supply Voltage (VIN) ....................................................+7.0V Output Voltage (VOUT). ................................................+7.0V Output Current (IOUT) .................................Internally Limited Enable Input (VEN) ........................................... −0.3V to +7V Fault Flag Voltage (VFLG).............................................+7.0V Fault Flag Current (IFLG) ..............................................50mA Storage Temperature (Ts).........................–65°C to +150°C Junction Temperature (TJ) ........................Internally Limited Lead Temperature (soldering, 5sec.)......................... 260°C ESD Rating(3) ..............................................................1500V Supply Voltage (VIN)..................................... +2.7V to +5.5V Ambient Temperature (TA) .......................... –40°C to +85°C Package Thermal Resistance PDIP (θJA) ........................................................130°C/W SOIC (θJA) ........................................................160°C/W TSSOP (θJA)(4) ..................................................100°C/W Current-Limit Set Range(5) .................................. 0.5A to 3A Electrical Characteristics(4) VIN = +5V; TA = 25°C, bold values indicate –40°C to +85°C, unless noted. Symbol Parameter Condition Min. (6) Switch Off, OUT = Open Supply Current VEN (6) Switch On, OUT = Open RDS(ON) 2.4 (6) Enable Input Current Units 0.75 5 µA 90 125 1.6 Enable Low Transition 1.5 0.8 VEN = VOH(MIN) = 2.4V 0.01 1 VEN = VOL(MAX) = 0.8V 0.01 1 Enable Input Capacitance Note 7 Switch Resistance IOUT = 500mA 1 (5) (5) ILIMIT = 0.5A to 3A, VOUT = 1V to 4V Current-Limit Factor Max. 150 Enable High Transition(6) Enable Input Voltage Typ. ILIMIT = 1A to 2.5A, VOUT = 1V to 4V µA V µA pF 35 50 mΩ 184 230 276 195 230 264 1 10 µA V Output Leakage Current Switch Off, VOUT = 0V tON Output Turn-On Delay RL = 10Ω, CL = 1µF, Figures 1a, 1b 1 2 5 ms tR Output Turn-On Rise Time RL = 10Ω, CL = 1µF, Figures 1a, 1b 0.75 1.8 4.9 ms tOFF Output Turn-Off Delay RL = 10Ω, CL = 1µF, Figures 1a, 1b 25 µs Notes: 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. Human body model, 1.5k in series with 100pF. 4. Assumes 4-layer PCB is used. 5. Current limit is determined by ILIMIT = 230 R , where RSET is in Ωs, and 230 is typical current-limit factor in volts. SET 6. Off is ≤ 0.8V and on is ≥ 2.4V for the MIC2545A-1 and MIC2549A-1. Off is ≥ 2.4V and on is ≤ 9.8V for the MIC2545A-2 and MIC2549A-2. The enable input has about 100mV of hysteresis. 7. Guaranteed by design but not production tested. June 2011 4 M9999-062711-A Micrel, Inc. MIC2545A/2549A Electrical Characteristics(4) (Continued) VIN = +5V; TA = 25°C, bold values indicate –40°C to +85°C, unless noted. Symbol Parameter Condition tF Output Turn-Off Fall Time RL = 10Ω, CL = 1µF, Figures 1a, 1b 23 Overtemperature Threshold Shutdown TJ Increasing 135 TJ Decreasing 120 Error Flag Off Current VFLG = 5V EN Pulse Reset Width tSU VOL VIN to EN Set-Up Min. Typ. 0.01 (7) MIC2549A Thermal-Shutdown Latch (7) MIC2549 , Figure 1c (7) Max. Units µs °C 1 µA 1 µs 0 µs Current-Limit Response Time VOUT = 0V to IOUT = 2A, ISET = 1A 40 Error Flag Output Resistance IFLG = 10mA 4 µs 15 Ω Test Circuit Functional Characteristics Test Circuit June 2011 5 M9999-062711-A Micrel, Inc. MIC2545A/2549A Timing Diagrams Figure 1a. MIC2545A/49A-2 Figure 1b. MIC2545A/49A-1 Figure 1c. Input-to-Enable Setup Timing June 2011 6 M9999-062711-A Micrel, Inc. MIC2545A/2549A Timing Diagrams (Continued) Figure 2a. MIC2545A-2 Timing: Output is Reset by Toggling EN Figure 2b. MIC2545A-2 Timing June 2011 7 M9999-062711-A Micrel, Inc. MIC2545A/2549A Typical Characteristics June 2011 8 M9999-062711-A Micrel, Inc. MIC2545A/2549A Typical Characteristics (Continued) June 2011 9 M9999-062711-A Micrel, Inc. MIC2545A/2549A Functional Characteristics June 2011 10 M9999-062711-A Micrel, Inc. MIC2545A/2549A Functional Characteristics (Continued) June 2011 11 M9999-062711-A Micrel, Inc. MIC2545A/2549A Block Diagram June 2011 12 M9999-062711-A Micrel, Inc. MIC2545A/2549A The current-limit response of the MIC2545A/49A is based on the type of load that is applied to the output and is defined in three parts: 1. The first mode of operation is where the device enters a constant-current mode preventing further increases in output current. The value of this current, ILIMIT, is defined by the value of RSET as explained further in this section. 2. When a short circuit is applied to the output of an enabled device the output current immediately folds back to a value less than ILIMIT called ISHORT. This further protects the load and reduces device power dissipation. Refer to the “Typical Characteristics: Output Current vs. Output Voltage” graph for details. 3. When a load is increased, the output current will proportionally increase up to the current-limit threshold, ITH, as shown in the “Functional Characteristics: Current-Limit Response” graph. The device in this case will supply current slightly higher than the current-limit set point defined by RSET. As the load is increased further the current folds back to ILIMIT. Functional Description The MIC2545A and MIC2549A are high-side N-channel switches available with active-high or active-low enable inputs. Fault conditions turn off or inhibit turn-on of the output transistor and activate the open-drain error flag transistor making it sink current to ground. Input and Output IN is the power supply connection to the logic circuitry and the drain of the output MOSFET. OUT is the source of the output MOSFET. In a typical circuit, current flows from IN to OUT toward the load. If VOUT is greater than VIN, current will flow from OUT to IN since the switch is bidirectional when enabled. The output MOSFET and driver circuitry are also designed to allow the MOSFET source to be externally forced to a higher voltage than the drain (VOUT > VIN) when the switch is disabled. In this situation, the MIC2545A/49A avoids undesirable current flow from OUT to IN. Both IN pins must be connected together, and both OUT pins must be connected together. Thermal Shutdown Thermal shutdown shuts off the output MOSFET and signals the fault flag if the die temperature exceeds 135°C. 10°C of hysteresis prevents the switch from turning on until the die temperature drops to 125°C. Overtemperature detection functions only when the switch is enabled. The MIC2549A features an internal latch which causes the part to remain off after thermal shutdown until a reset pulse is provided via the enable pin (pin1).While in current-limit, the thermal shutdown latch prevents on/off cycling of the output. Refer to Figure 2 for timing diagram. The flag remains low until reset. The nominal current-limit value, ILIMIT, is set with an external resistor between ILIM (Pin 4) and GND (Pin 3). For a desired current-limit, the value of the external set resistor is given by: ⎛ 230 R SET = ⎜⎜ ⎝ ILIMIT where: 76.8Ω < RSET < 459Ω Enable Input EN must be driven logic high or logic low, or be pulled high or low for a clearly defined input. Floating the input may cause unpredictable operation. EN should not be allowed to go negative with respect to GND. Refer to the “Typical Characteristics: Current-Limit vs RSET” graph for more details. Current through RSET increases with output current. The voltage across RSET could be monitored with a highimpedance comparator to provide an indication of output current. RSET should be between 76.8Ω and 459Ω (1% resister value). Current-Limit Operation The current limit is user adjustable with an external set resistor. Current limiting in the range of 500mA to 3A is available with a set point accuracy of better than ±30% (±20% for ISET 1 to 2.5A). The current-limit circuit prevents damage to the output MOSFET and external load. June 2011 ⎞ ⎟⎟ ⎠ Fault Flag FLG is an N-channel, open-drain MOSFET output. The fault-flag is active (low) for current-limit or thermal shutdown conditions. The flag output MOSFET is capable of sinking a 10mA load to typically 100mV above ground. For applications with VIN = 3.6V, it is recommended that flag current be limited to 5mA or less. 13 M9999-062711-A Micrel, Inc. MIC2545A/2549A To relate this to junction temperature, the following equation can be used: Application Information Supply Filtering A 0.1µF to 1µF bypass capacitor from IN to GND, located near the MIC2545A and MIC2549A, is strongly recommended to control supply transients. Without a bypass capacitor, an output short may cause sufficient ringing on the input (from supply lead inductance) to damage internal control circuitry. Input transients must not exceed the absolute maximum supply voltage (VIN (max) = 6V) even for a short duration. TJ = PD × θJA + TA where: TJ = Junction temperature TA = Ambient temperature θJA = The thermal resistance of the package Transient Overcurrent Filter The inrush current from the connection of a heavy capacitive load may cause the fault flag to fall for 10µs to 200µs while the switch is in a constant-current mode, charging the capacitance. Adding an optional series resistor-capacitor (RSET2) in parallel with RSET, as shown in Figure 4, allows the transient current-limit to be set to a different value than steady state. A typical USB hot-plug inrush is 2A to 3A for 10µs to 20µs. If RSET is 435Ω (530mA), an RSET2 of 88Ω (2.5A) and CSET of 1µF (RC ≈ 90µs) allows transient surge of 3A to pass for 90µs without tripping the overcurrent flag (FLG). USB Power Dissipations The MIC2545A is ideal for meeting USB power distribution requirements. Figure 7 depicts a USB Host application. RSET should be set to a value providing a current-limit >500mA. The accurate current-limit of the MIC2545A will reduce power supply current requirements. Also, fast reaction to short-circuit faults prevent voltage droop in mobile PC applications. Figure 3. Supply Bypassing Power Dissipation The device's junction temperature depends on several factors such as the load, PCB layout, ambient temperature, and package type. Equations that can be used to calculate power dissipation and junction temperature are found below. Calculation of power dissipation can be accomplished by the following equation: Printed Circuit Board Hot-Plug The MIC2545A/49A is an ideal inrush current-limiter suitable for hot-plug applications. Due to the integrated charge pump, the MIC2545A/49A presents a high impedance when off and slowly becomes a low impedance as it turns on. This “soft start” feature effectively isolates power supplies from highly-capacitive loads by reducing inrush current during hot-plug events. Figure 5 shows how the MIC2545A may be used in a hot-plug application. PD = RDS(ON) × (IOUT)2 June 2011 14 M9999-062711-A Micrel, Inc. MIC2545A/2549A Figure 4. USB Host Application Figure 5. Hot-Plug Application June 2011 15 M9999-062711-A Micrel, Inc. MIC2545A/2549A Package Information 8-Pin DIP (N) June 2011 16 M9999-062711-A Micrel, Inc. MIC2545A/2549A Package Information (Continued) 8-Pin SOIC (M) June 2011 17 M9999-062711-A Micrel, Inc. MIC2545A/2549A Package Information (Continued) 14-Pin TSSOP (TS) MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com Micrel makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the information furnished in this data sheet. This information is not intended as a warranty and Micrel does not assume responsibility for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry, specifications and descriptions at any time without notice. No license, whether express, implied, arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Except as provided in Micrel’s terms and conditions of sale for such products, Micrel assumes no liability whatsoever, and Micrel disclaims any express or implied warranty relating to the sale and/or use of Micrel products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. © 2004 Micrel, Incorporated. June 2011 18 M9999-062711-A