AP1601 STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER General Description Features • • • • • • • • A Guaranteed Start-Up from less than 0.9 V. High Efficiency. Low Quiescent Current. Less Number of External Components needed. Low Ripple and Low Noise. Space Saving Packages: MSOP-8L and MSOP-10L. MSOP-8L and MSOP-10L: Available in “Green” Molding Compound (No Br, Sb) Lead Free Finish / RoHS Compliant (Note 1) The AP1601 is a high efficiency step-up DC/DC converter for applications using 1 to 4 NiMH battery cells. Only three external components are required to deliver a fixed output voltage of 3.3V or 5V. The AP1601 starts up from less than 0.9V input with 1mA load. Pulse Frequency Modulation scheme brings optimized performance for applications with light output loading and low input voltages. The output ripple and noise are lower compared with the circuits operating in PSM mode. The PFM control circuit operating in 100KHz (max.) switching rate results in smaller passive components. The space saving MSOP packages make the AP1601 an ideal choice of DC/DC converter for space conscious applications, like pagers, electronic cameras, and wireless microphones. Applications • • • • • • Pagers Cameras Wireless Microphones Pocket Organizers Battery Backup Suppliers Portable Instruments Typical Application Circuit VIN + 100uF 22uH ON OFF SHDN LX OUT Low- Battery Detect In + R5 LBI GND AP1601 Rev. 5 R6 1 of 12 www.diodes.com R5 ) R6 R6 Suggest 100K~200K FB=Vout, Vout=3.3V FB=GND, Vout=5V Vout=1.2 × (1+ FB 0.1uF 220uF Low- Battery Detect OUT LBO REF Adj Output (1.8V to 4.0V) up to 300 mA SEPTEMBER 2009 © Diodes Incorporated AP1601 STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER Ordering Information AP1601 XXX G - 13 Package Green Packing M8 : MSOP-8L M10 : MSOP-10L G : Green 13 : Tape & Reel Package Code M8 M10 Device AP1601M8G-13 AP1601M10G-13 Notes: Packaging (Note 2) MSOP-8L MSOP-10L 13” Tape and Reel Quantity Part Number Suffix 2500/Tape & Reel -13 2500/Tape & Reel -13 1. EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS). All applicable RoHS exemptions applied. Please visit our website at http://www.diodes.com/products/lead_free.html. 2. Pad layout as shown on Diodes Inc. suggested pad layout document AP02001, which can be found on our website at http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02001.pdf. Pin Assignment ( Top View ) FB LBI LBO REF 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 ( Top View ) OUT LX GND SHDN FB LBI LBO CLSEL REF 1 2 3 4 5 10 9 8 7 6 OUT LX GND BATT SHDN MSOP-8L MSOP-10L AP1601 Rev. 5 2 of 12 www.diodes.com SEPTEMBER 2009 © Diodes Incorporated AP1601 STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER Pin Descriptions Pin Name FB LBI Description Use a resistor network to set the output voltage from +2.0V to +5.5V. If FB=VOUT, VOUT t=3.3V fix voltage FB=GND, VOUT =5V fix voltage Low-Battery Comparator Input. Internally set to trip at +1.30V. Open-Drain Low-Battery Comparator Output. Connect LBO to OUT through a 100kΩ resistor. LBO Output is low when VLBI is <1.2V. LBO is high impedance during shutdown. 1.2V Reference Voltage. Bypass with a 0.1μF capacitor. Power Output. OUT provides bootstrap power to the IC. N-Channel and P-Channel Power MOSFET Drain Ground Shutdown Input. Drive high (>80% of VOUT) for operating mode. Drive low (<20% of VOUT) for shutdown mode. Connect to OUT for normal operation. Current-Limit Select Input. CLSEL = OUT sets the current limit to 0.8A. CLSEL = GND sets the current limit to 0.4A. Battery Input and Damping Switch Connection. If damping switch is unused, leave BATT unconnected. REF OUT LX GND SHDN CLSEL BATT Functional Block Diagram + EN Zero Crossing Amplifier 47uF OUT 0.1uF + - SHDN Minimum Off-Time One-Shot Q TRIG One-Shot P VIN LX S F/F Q R N R4 AP1601 Rev. 5 + - R1 200 Ω R5 FB - LBO Error Amplifier + + R2 100k BATT Damping Switch - R3 Current-Limit Amplifier GND + VIN TRIG Q One-Shot VOUT - Maximum On-Time One-Shot 47uF Low-Battery Comparator LBI 3 of 12 www.diodes.com Reference REF R6 0.1uF SEPTEMBER 2009 © Diodes Incorporated + CLSEL + 22uH AP1601 STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol ESD HBM ESD MM VCC VBATT VSW IOUT VLBO ISW TJ TST Parameter Rating Unit 2 200 KV -0.3 to 8.0 -0.3 to 6.0 -0.3 to VOUT+0.3 -0.3 to VOUT+0.3 -1.5 to +1.5 6.0 -1.5 to +1.5 -40 to +125 -65 to +150 V V V V A V A o C o C Human Body Model ESD Protection Machine Model ESD Protection Supply Voltage (OUT to GND) Battery Voltage (Batt to GND) LBI, REF, FB, CLSEL to GND Switch Voltage (LX to GND) Output Current (OUT) LBO to GND Switch Current (LX) Operation Junction Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range V Recommended Operating Conditions Symbol VIN IOUT TA AP1601 Rev. 5 Parameter Input Voltage Output Current Operating Ambient Temperature 4 of 12 www.diodes.com Min 1.1 -40 Max 5.5 1.2 +85 Unit V A ºC SEPTEMBER 2009 © Diodes Incorporated AP1601 STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER Electrical Characteristics (VBATT = 2V, FB = OUT (VOUT = 3.3V), RL = ∞, TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ. Max Unit Minimum Input Voltage Operating Voltage VIN Start-Up Voltage 1.1 0.9 - 5.5 V V - 0.9 1.1 V - -2 - mV/°C 2 - 5.5 V AP1601 (CLSEL=OUT) 300 420 - AP1601 (CLSEL=GND) 150 220 - TA = +25°C TA = +25°C, RL = 3kΩ (Note 3) Start-Up Voltage Temperature Output Voltage Range (VOUT = 3.3V) Steady-State Output Current (Note 4) IOUT mA AP1601 (CLSEL=OUT) 180 285 - AP1601 (CLSEL=GND) 90 130 - 1.176 1.2 1.224 V - 0.024 - mV/°C IREF=0 to 20μA - 30 80 mV VOUT=2V to 5.5V - 0.08 2.5 mV/V 1.176 1.2 1.224 V - 0.3 0.6 Ω 0.80 0.80 0.40 - 1 1 0.50 0.05 118 88 30 16 1.20 1.20 0.65 1 (VOUT = 5V) VREF Reference Voltage Reference Voltage TEMPCO Temperature Reference Voltage Load VREF_LOAD Regulation Reference Voltage Line VREF_LINE Regulation FB, LB1 Input Threshold Internal NFET, PFET RDS(ON) On-Resistance LX Switch Current Limit (NFET) ILIM ILEAK θJA θJC Notes: LX Leakage Current Thermal Resistance Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance Junction-to-Case IREF=0 ILX=100mA AP1601 MSOP-8L AP1601 MSOP-10L (CLSEL=OUT) AP1601 MSOP-10L (CLSEL=GND) ILX=0, 5.5V; VOUT=5.5V MSOP-8L (Note 5) MSOP-10L (Note 5) MSOP-8L (Note 5) MSOP-10L (Note 5) A μA o C/W o C/W 3. Start-up voltage operation is guaranteed with the addition of a Schottky B0520LW external diode between the input and output. 4. Steady-state output current indicates that the device maintains output voltage regulation under load. 5. Test condition for MSOP-8L and MSOP-10L: Devices mounted on 2oz copper, with minimum recommended pad layout on top and bottom layer with thermal vias, double side FR-4 PCB. AP1601 Rev. 5 5 of 12 www.diodes.com SEPTEMBER 2009 © Diodes Incorporated AP1601 STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER Electrical Characteristics (Continued) (VBATT = 2V, RL =∞, TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C .) Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ. Max V =1.4V, V =3.3V Operating Current into OUT 16 35 FB OUT Shutdown Current into OUT Unit μA μA - 0.1 1 3 0.8 - 90 85 4 1 0.03 1 1.4 7 1.2 50 50 3 μs μs nA nA μA ICLSEL LX Switch On-Time LX Switch Off-Time FB Input Current LBI Input Current CLSEL Input Current SHDN =GND VOUT=3.3V, ILOAD=200mA VOUT=2V, ILOAD=1mA VFB=1V, VOUT=3.3V VFB=1V, VOUT=3.3V VFB=1.4V LLBI=1.4V AP1601, CLSEL=OUT ISHDN SHDN Input Current V SHDN =0 or VOUT - 0.07 50 nA LBO Low Output Voltage LLBI=0, ISINK=1mA - 0.2 0.4 V LBO Off Leakage Current Damping Switch Resistance VLBO =5.5V, LLBI=5.5V - 0.07 1 μA 0.8 VOUT 0.8 VOUT 88 - 150 0.2 VOUT 0.2 VOUT - Ω Efficiency tON tOFF IFB ILBI ILBO VIL VIH VIL VIH AP1601, VBATT=2V SHDN Input Voltage CLSEL Input Voltage AP1601 Rev. 5 6 of 12 www.diodes.com % V V SEPTEMBER 2009 © Diodes Incorporated AP1601 STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER Typical Performance Characteristics MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT v.s. INPUT VOLTAGE (VOUT=3.3V) REFERENCE OUTPUT VOLTAGE v.s. TEMPERATURE 600 1.2 MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) REFERENCE OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.21 1.19 1.18 1.17 1.16 1.15 1.14 500 400 300 200 100 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 TEMPERATURE (°C) START-UP VOLTAGE v.s. LOAD CURRENT INPUT VOLTAGE (V) With Diode 160 1.6 140 INPUT BATTERY CURRENT (uA) 1.8 1.4 START-UP VOLTAGE (V) NO-LOAD BATTERY CURRENT v.s. INPUT BATTERY VOLTAGE Without Diode 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 80 60 40 0 0.5 0.1 1 10 100 LOAD CURRENT (mA) AP1601 Rev. 5 100 20 0.2 0 0.01 120 7 of 12 www.diodes.com 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 INPUT BATTERY VOLTAGE (V) SEPTEMBER 2009 © Diodes Incorporated AP1601 STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER Typical Performance Characteristics VIN=1.2V VIN=2.4V EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 SHUTDOWN CURRENT v.s. SUPPLY VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN CURRENT (uA) EFFICIENCY (%) (Continued) 0.1 1 10 100 1000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 1 2 3 4 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) SHUTDOWN THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (V) SHUTDOWN THRESHOLD VOLTAGE v.s. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) AP1601 Rev. 5 8 of 12 www.diodes.com SEPTEMBER 2009 © Diodes Incorporated AP1601 STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER Functional Description General Description AP1601 PFM (pulse frequency modulation) converter IC series combine a switch mode converter, N-channel power MOSFET, precision voltage reference, and voltage detector in a single monolithic device. They offer both extreme low quiescent current, high efficiency, and very low gate threshold voltage to ensure start-up with low battery voltage (0.9V typ.). Designed to maximize battery life in portable products, and minimize switching losses by only switching as needed service the load. PFM converters transfer a discrete amount of energy per cycle and regulate the output voltage by modulating switching frequency with the constant turn-on time. Switching frequency depends on load, input voltage, and inductor value, and it can range up to 100KHz. The SW on resistance is typically 1 to 1.5W to minimize switch losses. When the output voltage drops, the error comparator enables 100KHz oscillator that turns on the MOSFET around 7.5us and 2.5ms off time. Turning on the MOSFET allows inductor current to ramp up, storing energy in a magnetic field and when MOSFET turns off that force inductor current through diode to the output capacitor and load. As the stored energy is depleted, the current ramp down until the diode turns off. At this point, inductor may ring due to residual energy and stray capacitance. The output capacitor stores charge when current flowing through the diode is high, and release it when current is low, thereby maintaining a steady voltage across the load. As the load increases, the output capacitor discharges faster and the error comparator initiates cycles sooner, increasing the switching frequency. The maximum duty cycle ensure adequate time for energy transfer to output during the second half each cycle. Depending on circuit, PFM converter can operate in either discontinuous mode or continuous conduction mode. Continuous conduction mode means that the inductor current does not ramp to zero during each cycle. AP1601 Rev. 5 Diode Selection Speed, forward drop, and leakage current are the three main considerations in selecting a rectifier diode. Best performance is obtained with Schottky rectifier diode, such as 1N5819. Motorola makes B0520LW in surface mount. For lower output power a 1N4148 can be used although efficiency and start up voltage will suffer substantially. Inductor Selection To operate as an efficient energy transfer element, the inductor must fulfill three requirements. First, the inductance must be low enough for the inductor to store adequate energy under the worst case condition of minimum input voltage and switch ON time. Second, the inductance must also be high enough so maximum current rating of AP1601 and inductor are not exceed at the other worst case condition of maximum input voltage and ON time. Lastly, the inductor must have sufficiently low DC resistance so excessive power is not lost as heat in the windings. But unfortunately this is inversely related to physical size. Minimum and maximum input voltage, output voltage and output current must be established before and inductor can be selected. Capacitor Selection A poor choice for a output capacitor can result in poor efficiency and high output ripple. Ordinary aluminum electrolyzers, while inexpensive may have unacceptably poor ESR and ESL. There are low ESR aluminum capacitors for switch mode DC-DC converters which work much better than general propose unit. Tantalum capacitors provide still better performance at more expensive. OS-CON capacitors have extremely low ESR in a small size. If capacitance is reduced, output ripple will increase. Most of the input supply is supplied by the input bypass capacitor. The capacitor voltage rating should be at least 1.25 times greater than a maximum input voltage. 9 of 12 www.diodes.com FEBRUARY 2009 © Diodes Incorporated AP1601 STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER Marking Information (1) MSOP-8L ( Top View ) 8 7 Logo 6 5 A~Z : Green Y : Year : 0~9 W : Week : A~Z : 1~26 week; a~z : 27~52 week; z represents 52 and 53 week YWX Part Number AP1601 2 1 3 4 (2) MSOP-10L ( Top View ) 10 9 8 Logo 6 YWX AP1601 Part Number 1 AP1601 Rev. 5 7 2 3 4 A~Z : Green Y : Year : 0~9 W : Week : A~Z : 1~26 week; a~z : 27~52 week; z represents 52 and 53 week 5 10 of 12 www.diodes.com SEPTEMBER 2009 © Diodes Incorporated AP1601 STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER Package Information (All Dimensions in mm) (1) Package Type: MSOP-8L 4.4 4.7/5.1 2.9/3.1 8x-0.45 8x-1.4 6x-0.65 0.25 Gauge plane DETAIL "A" ° 0.4/0.8 0.95Ref. 0°/8 0.05 2.9/3.1 Land Pattern Recommendation (Unit:mm) "A" 0.05/0.15 0.75/0.95 0/0.15 0.22/0.38 0.15Typ. 1 0.65Bsc. (2) Package Type: MSOP-10L 10x-0.30 4.4 4.8/5.0 2.95/3.05 1 1 0.75/0.95 1.10Max. 0.5Typ. Seting plane C Gauge plane 0.4/0.7 AP1601 Rev. 5 "A" 0.25 C 1 Land Pattern Recommendation (Unit:mm) 0° / 8 ° 0.10 2.95/3.05 0.05/0.15 0.1/0.2 0.17/0.27 10x-1.4 8x-0.50 DETAIL "A" 11 of 12 www.diodes.com SEPTEMBER 2009 © Diodes Incorporated AP1601 STEP-UP DC/DC CONVERTER IMPORTANT NOTICE DIODES INCORPORATED MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARDS TO THIS DOCUMENT, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION). Diodes Incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other changes without further notice to this document and any product described herein. Diodes Incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of this document or any product described herein; neither does Diodes Incorporated convey any license under its patent or trademark rights, nor the rights of others. Any Customer or user of this document or products described herein in such applications shall assume all risks of such use and will agree to hold Diodes Incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on Diodes Incorporated website, harmless against all damages. Diodes Incorporated does not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthorized sales channel. 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Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which: 1. are intended to implant into the body, or 2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. B. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness. Customers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their life support devices or systems, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products and any use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices- or systems-related information or support that may be provided by Diodes Incorporated. Further, Customers must fully indemnify Diodes Incorporated and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems. Copyright © 2009, Diodes Incorporated www.diodes.com AP1601 Rev. 5 12 of 12 www.diodes.com SEPTEMBER 2009 © Diodes Incorporated