Intersil EL5421CYZ-T7 Quad 12mhz rail-to-rail input-output buffer Datasheet

EL5421
®
Data Sheet
Quad 12MHz Rail-to-Rail Input-Output
Buffer
The EL5421 is a quad, low power, high
voltage rail-to-rail input-output buffer.
Operating on supplies ranging from 5V
to 15V, while consuming only 500µA per channel, the
EL5421 has a bandwidth of 12MHz (-3dB). The EL5421 also
provides rail-to-rail input and output ability, giving the
maximum dynamic range at any supply voltage.
August 2, 2007
FN7198.2
Features
• 12MHz -3dB bandwidth
• Unity gain buffer
• Supply voltage = 4.5V to 16.5V
• Low supply current (per buffer) = 500µA
• High slew rate = 10V/µs
• Rail-to-rail operation
The EL5421 also features fast slewing and settling times, as
well as a high output drive capability of 30mA (sink and
source). These features make the EL5421 ideal for use as
voltage reference buffers in Thin Film Transistor Liquid
Crystal Displays (TFT-LCD). Other applications include
battery power, portable devices and anywhere low power
consumption is important.
• “Mini” SO package (MSOP)
The EL5421 is available in a space saving 10 Ld MSOP
package and operates over a temperature range of -40°C to
+85°C.
• Electronics games
• Pb-free plus anneal available (RoHS compliant)
Applications
• TFT-LCD drive circuits
• Electronics notebooks
• Personal communication devices
• Personal digital assistants (PDA)
Pinout
• Portable instrumentation
EL5421
(10 LD MSOP)
TOP VIEW
VOUTA 1
VINA 2
VS+ 3
VINB 4
• Wireless LANs
• Office automation
10 VOUTD
• Active filters
9 VIND
• ADC/DAC buffers
8 VS-
Ordering Information
7 VINC
VOUTB 5
6 VOUTC
PART
NUMBER
PART
MARKING
PACKAGE
PKG. DWG. #
EL5421CY
F
10 Ld MSOP
MDP0043
EL5421CY-T7*
F
10 Ld MSOP
MDP0043
EL5421CY-T13*
F
10 Ld MSOP
MDP0043
EL5421CYZ
(Note)
BCAAA
10 Ld MSOP
(Pb-Free)
MDP0043
EL5421CYZ-T7*
(Note)
BCAAA
10 Ld MSOP
(Pb-Free)
MDP0043
EL5421CYZ-T13* BCAAA
(Note)
10 Ld MSOP
(Pb-Free)
MDP0043
*Please refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications.
NOTE: Intersil Pb-free plus anneal products employ special Pb-free
material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and 100%
matte tin plate termination finish, which are RoHS compliant and
compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil
Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow
temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of
IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Elantec is a registered trademark of Elantec Semiconductor, Inc. Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2004, 2007. All Rights Reserved
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
EL5421
Absolute Maximum Ratings (TA = +25°C)
Thermal Information
Supply Voltage between VS+ and VS- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+18V
Input Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VS- -0.5V, VS+ +0.5V
Maximum Continuous Output Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30mA
Storage Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C
Operating Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +85°C
Power Dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See Curves
Maximum Die Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +125°C
Pb-free reflow profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see link below
http://www.intersil.com/pbfree/Pb-FreeReflow.asp
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product reliability and
result in failures not covered by warranty.
Electrical Specifications
PARAMETER
VS+ = +5V, VS- = -5V, RL = 10kΩ and CL = 10pF to 0V, TA = +25°C unless otherwise specified.
DESCRIPTION
CONDITION
MIN
(Note 4)
TYP
MAX
(Note 4)
UNIT
12
mV
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
VOS
Input Offset Voltage
VCM = 0V
2
TCVOS
Average Offset Voltage Drift
(Note 1)
5
IB
Input Bias Current
VCM = 0V
2
RIN
Input Impedance
1
GΩ
CIN
Input Capacitance
1.35
pF
AV
Voltage Gain
-4.5V ≤ VOUT ≤ 4.5V
0.995
µV/°C
50
nA
1.005
V/V
-4.85
V
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
VOL
Output Swing Low
IL = -5mA
VOH
Output Swing High
IL = 5mA
4.85
4.92
V
ISC
Short Circuit Current
Short to GND (Note 2)
±80
±120
mA
60
80
dB
-4.92
POWER SUPPLY PERFORMANCE
PSRR
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
VS is moved from ±2.25V to ±7.75V
IS
Supply Current (Per Buffer)
No load
500
750
µA
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
SR
Slew Rate (Note 3)
-4.0V ≤ VOUT ≤ 4.0V, 20% to 80%
tS
Settling to +0.1%
BW
CS
10
V/µs
VO = 2V step
500
ns
-3dB Bandwidth
RL = 10kΩ, CL = 10pF
12
MHz
Channel Separation
f = 5MHz
75
dB
2
7
FN7198.2
August 2, 2007
EL5421
Electrical Specifications
PARAMETER
VS+ = +5V, VS- = 0V, RL = 10kΩ and CL = 10pF to 2.5V, TA = +25°C unless otherwise specified.
DESCRIPTION
CONDITION
MIN
(Note 4)
TYP
MAX
(Note 4)
UNIT
10
mV
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
VOS
Input Offset Voltage
VCM = 2.5V
2
TCVOS
Average Offset Voltage Drift
(Note 1)
5
IB
Input Bias Current
VCM = 2.5V
2
RIN
Input Impedance
1
GW
CIN
Input Capacitance
1.35
pF
AV
Voltage Gain
0.5 ≤ VOUT ≤ 4.5V
0.995
µV/°C
50
nA
1.005
V/V
150
mV
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
VOL
Output Swing Low
IL = -5mA
VOH
Output Swing High
IL = 5mA
4.85
4.92
V
ISC
Short Circuit Current
Short to GND (Note 2)
±80
±120
mA
60
80
dB
80
POWER SUPPLY PERFORMANCE
PSRR
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
VS is moved from 4.5V to 15.5V
IS
Supply Current (Per Buffer)
No load
500
750
µA
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
SR
Slew Rate (Note 3)
1V ≤ VOUT ≤ 4V, 20% to 80%
tS
Settling to +0.1%
BW
CS
10
V/µs
VO = 2V step
500
ns
-3dB Bandwidth
RL = 10kΩ, CL = 10pF
12
MHz
Channel Separation
f = 5MHz
75
dB
3
7
FN7198.2
August 2, 2007
EL5421
Electrical Specifications
PARAMETER
VS+ = +15V, VS- = 0V, RL = 10kΩ and CL = 10pF to 7.5V, TA = +25°C unless otherwise specified.
DESCRIPTION
CONDITION
MIN
(Note 4)
TYP
MAX
(Note 4)
UNIT
14
mV
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
VOS
Input Offset Voltage
VCM = 7.5V
2
TCVOS
Average Offset Voltage Drift
(Note 1)
5
IB
Input Bias Current
VCM = 7.5V
2
RIN
Input Impedance
1
GΩ
CIN
Input Capacitance
1.35
pF
AV
Voltage Gain
0.5 ≤ VOUT ≤ 14.5V
0.995
µV/°C
50
nA
1.005
V/V
150
mV
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
VOL
Output Swing Low
IL = -5mA
VOH
Output Swing High
IL = 5mA
ISC
Short Circuit Current
80
14.85
14.92
V
Short to GND (Note 2)
±80
±120
mA
60
80
dB
POWER SUPPLY PERFORMANCE
PSRR
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
VS is moved from 4.5V to 15.5V
IS
Supply Current (Per Buffer)
No load
500
750
µA
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
SR
Slew Rate (Note 3)
1V ≤ VOUT ≤14V, 20% to 80%
tS
Settling to +0.1%
BW
CS
7
10
V/µs
VO = 2V step
500
ns
-3dB Bandwidth
RL = 10kΩ, CL = 10pF
12
MHz
Channel Separation
f = 5MHz
75
dB
NOTES:
1. Measured over the operating temperature range
2. Limits established by characterization and are not production tested.
3. Slew rate is measured on rising and falling edges
4. Parts are 100% tested at +25°C. Over-temperature limits established by characterization and are not production tested
4
FN7198.2
August 2, 2007
EL5421
Typical Performance Curves
70
1800
VS=±5V
TA=25°C
TYPICAL
PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
VS=±5V
50
40
30
20
10
200
0
21
19
17
15
13
11
9
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE DRIFT, TCVOS (µV/°C)
FIGURE 1. INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION
FIGURE 2. INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE DRIFT
2.0
10
VS=±5V
INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA)
VS=±5V
5
0
0.0
-2.0
-5
-50
0
50
100
-50
150
0
50
100
150
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
FIGURE 3. INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE vs TEMPERATURE
FIGURE 4. INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE
4.97
-4.91
OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT HIGH VOLTAGE (V)
7
5
3
1
12
8
10
6
4
2
-0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
0
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV)
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV)
TYPICAL
PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION
60
QUANTITY (BUFFERS)
QUANTITY (BUFFERS)
1600
4.96
4.95
4.94
VS=±5V
IOUT=5mA
VS=±5V
IOUT=-5mA
-4.93
-4.94
-4.95
-4.96
-4.97
4.93
-50
-4.92
0
50
100
150
TEMPERATURE (°C)
FIGURE 5. OUTPUT HIGH VOLTGE vs TEMPERATURE
5
-50
0
50
100
150
TEMPERATURE (°C)
FIGURE 6. OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE vs TEMPERATURE
FN7198.2
August 2, 2007
EL5421
Typical Performance Curves
10.40
VS=±5V
VS=±5V
SLEW RATE (V/µs)
VOLTAGE GAIN (V/V)
1.0005
1.0000
0.9995
10.35
10.30
10.25
-50
0
50
100
-50
150
0
50
100
150
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
FIGURE 7. VOLTAGE GAIN vs TEMPERATURE
FIGURE 8. SLEW RATE vs TEMPERATURE
700
TA=25°C
0.55
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
VS=±5V
0.5
600
500
400
0.45
300
-50
0
50
100
0
150
5
5
10kΩ
1kΩ
560Ω
150Ω
-10
CL=10pF
VS=±5V
-15
100K
1M
10M
100M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FIGURE 11. FREQUENCY RESPONSE FOR VARIOUS RL
6
20
FIGURE 10. SUPPLY CURRENT PER CHANNEL vs SUPPLY
VOLTAGE
MAGNITUDE (NORMALIZED) (dB)
MAGNITUDE (NORMALIZED) (dB)
FIGURE 9. SUPPLY CURRENT PER CHANNEL vs
TEMPERATURE
-5
15
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
0
10
20
RL=10kΩ
VS=±5V
10
12pF
0
50pF
-10
-20
-30
100K
100pF
1000pF
1M
10M
100M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FIGURE 12. FREQUENCY RESPONSE FOR VARIOUS CL
FN7198.2
August 2, 2007
EL5421
Typical Performance Curves
160
MAXIMUM OUTPUT SWING (VP-P)
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (Ω)
200
TA=25°C
VS=±5V
120
80
40
0
10K
100K
1M
12
10
8
6
4
2
VS=±5V
TA=25°C
RL=10kΩ
CL=12pF
DISTORTION <1%
0
10K
10M
100K
1M
10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FIGURE 13. OUT PUT IMPEDANCE vs FREQUENCY
FIGURE 14. MAXIMUM OUTPUT SWING vs FREQUENCY
600
80
PSRR-
60
PSRR (dB)
VOLTAGE NOISE (nV/√Hz)
PSRR+
40
20
TA=25°C
VS=±5V
0
100
1K
10K
100K
1M
100
10
1
100
10M
1K
10K
FIGURE 15. PSRR vs FREQUENCY
100M
-60
VS=±5V
RL=10kΩ
VIN=1VRMS
-80
0.007
X-TALK (dB)
THD+ N (%)
10M
FIGURE 16. INPUT VOLTAGE NOISE SPECTRAL DENSITY vs
FREQUENCY
0.010
0.008
1M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FREQUENCY (Hz)
0.009
100K
0.006
0.005
0.004
DUAL MEASURED CH A TO B
QUAD MEASURED CH A TO D OR B TO C
OTHER COMBINATIONS YIELD IMPROVED
REJECTION
-100
-120
0.003
VS=±5V
RL=10kΩ
VIN=220mVRMS
0.002
0.001
1K
10K
100K
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FIGURE 17. TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs
FREQUENCY
7
-140
1K
10K
100K
1M
6M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FIGURE 18. CHANNEL SEPARATION vs FREQUENCY
RESPONSE
FN7198.2
August 2, 2007
EL5421
Typical Performance Curves
5
VS=±5V
RL=10kΩ
VIN=±50mV
TA=25°C
70
VS=±5V
RL=10kΩ
CL=12pF
TA=25°C
3
STEP SIZE (V)
OVERSHOOT (%)
90
50
30
0.1%
1
-1
-3
0.1%
10
-5
10
100
1K
0
1V
1µs
VS=±5V
TA=25°C
RL=10kΩ
CL=12pF
400
600
800
SETTLING TIME (ns)
LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF)
FIGURE 19. SMALL SIGNAL OVERSHOOT vs LOAD
CAPACITANCE
200
FIGURE 20. SETTLING TIME vs STEP SIZE
50mV
200ns
VS=±5V
TA=25°C
RL=10kΩ
CL=12pF
FIGURE 21. LARGE SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
8
FIGURE 22. SMALL SIGNAL TRANSIENT REPOSNE
FN7198.2
August 2, 2007
EL5421
Pin Descriptions
PIN NUMBER
PIN NAME
1
VOUTA
FUNCTION
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
Buffer A Output
VS+
VS-
GND
CIRCUIT 1
2
VINA
Buffer A Input
VS+
VSCIRCUIT 2
3
VS+
Positive Power Supply
4
VINB
Buffer B Input
(Reference Circuit 1)
5
VOUTB
Buffer B Output
(Reference Circuit 2)
6
VOUTC
Buffer C Output
(Reference Circuit 2)
7
VINC
Buffer C Input
(Reference Circuit 1)
8
VS-
9
VIND
10
VOUTD
Negative Power Supply
Buffer D Input
(Reference Circuit 2)
Buffer D Output
(Reference Circuit 1)
The EL5421 unity gain buffer is fabricated using a high
voltage CMOS process. It exhibits rail-to-rail input and
output capability, and has low power consumption (500µA
per buffer). These features make the EL5421 ideal for a wide
range of general-purpose applications. When driving a load
of 10kΩ and 12pF, the EL5421 has a -3dB bandwidth of
12MHz and exhibits 10V/µs slew rate.
5V
10µs
INPUT
Product Description
voltage range even closer to the supply rails. Figure 23
shows the input and output waveforms for the device.
Operation is from ±5V supply with a 10kΩ load connected to
GND. The input is a 10VP-P sinusoid. The output voltage is
approximately 9.985VP-P.
Operating Voltage, Input, and Output
The EL5421 is specified with a single nominal supply voltage
from 5V to 15V or a split supply with its total range from 5V
to 15V. Correct operation is guaranteed for a supply range of
4.5V to 16.5V. Most EL5421 specifications are stable over
both the full supply range and operating temperatures of
-40°C to +85°C. Parameter variations with operating voltage
and/or temperature are shown in the typical performance
curves.
The output swings of the EL5421 typically extend to within
80mV of positive and negative supply rails with load currents
of 5mA. Decreasing load currents will extend the output
9
5V
VS=±5V
TA=25°C
VIN=10VP-P
OUTPUT
Applications Information
FIGURE 23. OPERATION WITH RAIL-TO-RAIL INPUT AND
OUTPUT
Short Circuit Current Limit
The EL5421 will limit the short circuit current to ±120mA if
the output is directly shorted to the positive or the negative
supply. If an output is shorted indefinitely, the power
FN7198.2
August 2, 2007
EL5421
dissipation could easily increase such that the device may
be damaged. Maximum reliability is maintained if the output
continuous current never exceeds ±30mA. This limit is set by
the design of the internal metal interconnects.
The maximum power dissipation actually produced by an IC
is the total quiescent supply current times the total power
supply voltage, plus the power in the IC due to the loads, or:
P DMAX = Σi [ V S × I SMAX + ( V S + – V OUT i ) × I LOAD i ]
Output Phase Reversal
The EL5421 is immune to phase reversal as long as the
input voltage is limited from VS- -0.5V to VS+ +0.5V. Figure
24 shows a photo of the output of the device with the input
voltage driven beyond the supply rails. Although the device's
output will not change phase, the input's overvoltage should
be avoided. If an input voltage exceeds supply voltage by
more than 0.6V, electrostatic protection diodes placed in the
input stage of the device begin to conduct and overvoltage
damage could occur.
when sourcing, and:
P DMAX = Σi [ V S × I SMAX + ( V OUT i – V S - ) × I LOAD i ]
(EQ. 3)
when sinking.
Where:
i = 1 to 4 for quad
VS = Total supply voltage
10µs
1V
(EQ. 2)
ISMAX = Maximum supply current per channel
VOUTi = Maximum output voltage of the application
ILOADi = Load current
1V
FIGURE 24. OPERATION WITH BEYOND-THE-RAILS INPUT
Power Dissipation
With the high-output drive capability of the EL5421 buffer, it
is possible to exceed the +125°C 'absolute-maximum
junction temperature' under certain load current conditions.
Therefore, it is important to calculate the maximum junction
temperature for the application to determine if load
conditions need to be modified for the buffer to remain in the
safe operating area.
The maximum power dissipation allowed in a package is
determined according to:
T JMAX – T AMAX
P DMAX = --------------------------------------------Θ JA
(EQ. 1)
If we set the two PDMAX equations equal to each other, we
can solve for RLOADi to avoid device overheat. Figures 25
and 26 provide a convenient way to see if the device will
overheat. The maximum safe power dissipation can be
found graphically, based on the package type and the
ambient temperature. By using the previous equation, it is a
simple matter to see if PDMAX exceeds the device's power
derating curves. To ensure proper operation, it is important
to observe the recommended derating curves shown in
Figures 25 and 26.
JEDEC JESD51-7 HIGH EFFECTIVE THERMAL
CONDUCTIVITY TEST BOARD
1
0.9
POWER DISSIPATION (W)
VS=±2.5V
TA=25°C
VIN=6VP-P
870mW
0.8
0.7
M
θ
JA
=
0.6
11
0.5
0.4
SO
5°
P1
C/
0
W
0.3
0.2
0.1
where:
TJMAX = Maximum junction temperature
TAMAX = Maximum ambient temperature
θJA = Thermal resistance of the package
0
0
25
50
75 85
100
125
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
FIGURE 25. PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION vs AMBIENT
TEMPERATURE
PDMAX = Maximum power dissipation in the package
10
FN7198.2
August 2, 2007
EL5421
Power Supply Bypassing and Printed Circuit
Board Layout
JEDEC JESD51-3 LOW EFFECTIVE THERMAL
CONDUCTIVITY TEST BOARD
POWER DISSIPATION (W)
0.6
486mW
0.5
0.4
θ
M
JA
=
0.3
SO
P1
20
0
6°
C/
W
0.2
0.1
0
0
25
50
75 85
100
125
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
FIGURE 26. PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION vs AMBIENT
TEMPERATURE
The EL5421 can provide gain at high frequency. As with any
high-frequency device, good printed circuit board layout is
necessary for optimum performance. Ground plane
construction is highly recommended, lead lengths should be
as short as possible and the power supply pins must be well
bypassed to reduce the risk of oscillation. For normal single
supply operation, where the VS- pin is connected to ground,
a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor should be placed from VS+ to pin
to VS- pin. A 4.7µF tantalum capacitor should then be
connected in parallel, placed in the region of the buffer. One
4.7µF capacitor may be used for multiple devices. This same
capacitor combination should be placed at each supply pin
to ground if split supplies are to be used.
Unused Buffers
It is recommended that any unused buffer have the input tied
to the ground plane.
Driving Capacitive Loads
The EL5421 can drive a wide range of capacitive loads. As
load capacitance increases, however, the -3dB bandwidth of
the device will decrease and the peaking increase. The
buffers drive 10pF loads in parallel with 10kΩ with just 1.5dB
of peaking, and 100pF with 6.4dB of peaking. If less peaking
is desired in these applications, a small series resistor
(usually between 5Ω and 50Ω) can be placed in series with
the output. However, this will obviously reduce the gain
slightly. Another method of reducing peaking is to add a
"snubber" circuit at the output. A snubber is a shunt load
consisting of a resistor in series with a capacitor. Values of
150Ω and 10nF are typical. The advantage of a snubber is
that it does not draw any DC load current or reduce the gain.
11
FN7198.2
August 2, 2007
EL5421
Mini SO Package Family (MSOP)
0.25 M C A B
D
MINI SO PACKAGE FAMILY
(N/2)+1
N
E
MDP0043
A
E1
MILLIMETERS
PIN #1
I.D.
1
B
(N/2)
e
H
C
SEATING
PLANE
0.10 C
N LEADS
SYMBOL
MSOP8
MSOP10
TOLERANCE
NOTES
A
1.10
1.10
Max.
-
A1
0.10
0.10
±0.05
-
A2
0.86
0.86
±0.09
-
b
0.33
0.23
+0.07/-0.08
-
c
0.18
0.18
±0.05
-
D
3.00
3.00
±0.10
1, 3
E
4.90
4.90
±0.15
-
E1
3.00
3.00
±0.10
2, 3
e
0.65
0.50
Basic
-
L
0.55
0.55
±0.15
-
L1
0.95
0.95
Basic
-
N
8
10
Reference
-
0.08 M C A B
b
Rev. D 2/07
NOTES:
1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.15mm maximum per side are not
included.
L1
2. Plastic interlead protrusions of 0.25mm maximum per side are
not included.
A
3. Dimensions “D” and “E1” are measured at Datum Plane “H”.
4. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M-1994.
c
SEE DETAIL "X"
A2
GAUGE
PLANE
L
A1
0.25
3° ±3°
DETAIL X
12
FN7198.2
August 2, 2007
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