LMC7211 LMC7211 Tiny CMOS Comparator with Rail-to-Rail Input and Push-Pull Output Literature Number: SNOS746E LMC7211 Tiny CMOS Comparator with Rail-to-Rail Input and PushPull Output General Description Features The LMC7211 is a micropower CMOS comparator available in the space saving SOT23-5 package. This makes the comparator ideal for space and weight critical designs. The LMC7211 is supplied in two offset voltage grades, 5 mV and 15 mV. The main benefits of the Tiny package are most apparent in small portable electronic devices, such as mobile phones, pagers, notebook computers, personal digital assistants, and PCMCIA cards. The rail-to-rail input voltage makes the LMC7211 a good choice for sensor interfacing, such as light detector circuits, optical and magnetic sensors, and alarm and status circuits. The Tiny Comparator's outside dimensions (length x width x height) of 3.05mm x 3.00mm x 1.43mm allow it to fit into tight spaces on PC boards. See the LMC7221 for a comparator with an open-drain output. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Tiny SOT 23-5 package saves space Package is less than 1.43 mm thick Guaranteed specs at 2.7V, 5V, 15V supplies Typical supply current 7 μA at 5V Response time of 4 μs at 5V Push-pull output Input common-mode range beyond V− and V+ Low input current Applications ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Battery Powered Products Notebooks and PDAs PCMCIA cards Mobile Communications Alarm and Security circuits Direct Sensor Interface Replaces amplifiers used as comparators with better performance and lower current Connection Diagrams 8-Pin SO-8 5-Pin SOT23-5 1233701 Top View © 2010 National Semiconductor Corporation 1233702 Top View 12337 www.national.com LMC7211 Tiny CMOS Comparator with Rail-to-Rail Input and Push-Pull Output January 26, 2010 LMC7211 Storage Temperature Range Junction Temperature Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. (Note 4) 150°C Operating Ratings ESD Tolerance (Note 2) 2 kV Differential Input Voltage (VCC) +0.3V to (−VCC)−0.3V Voltage at Input/Output Pin (VCC) + 0.3V to (−VCC)−0.3V Supply Voltage (V+–V−) 16V Current at Input Pin (Note 7) ±5 mA Current at Output Pin (Note 3, Note 8) Current at Power Supply Pin Lead Temperature (soldering, 10 sec) −65°C to +150°C (Note 1) 2.7 ≤ VCC ≤ 15V Supply Voltage Junction Temperature Range LMC7211AI, LMC7211BI −40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +85°C Thermal Resistance (θJA) SO-8 Package, 8-Pin Surface Mount M05A Package, 5-Pin Surface Mount ±30 mA 40 mA 180°C/W 325°C/W 260°C 2.7V Electrical Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25°C, V+ = 2.7V, V− = 0V, VCM = VO = V+/2. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ (Note 5) LMC7211AI Limit (Note 6) LMC7211BI Limit (Note 6) Units 5 15 mV 8 18 VOS Input Offset Voltage 3 TCVOS Input Offset Voltage 1.0 μV/°C 3.3 μV/Month max Temperature Drift Input Offset Voltage (Note 10) Average Drift IB Input Current 0.04 pA IOS Input Offset Current 0.02 pA CMRR Common Mode 0V ≤ VCM ≤ 2.7V 75 dB 2.7V ≤ V+ ≤ 15V 80 dB 100 dB Rejection Ratio PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio AV Voltage Gain CMVR Input Common-Mode Voltage Range VOH Output Voltage High CMRR > 55 dB 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.7 V min CMRR > 55 dB −0.3 −0.2 0.0 −0.2 0.0 V max Iload = 2.5 mA 2.5 2.4 2.4 V 2.3 2.3 min 0.3 0.3 V 0.4 0.4 max 12 12 14 14 μA max VOL Output Voltage Low Iload = 2.5 mA IS Supply Current VOUT = Low www.national.com 0.2 7 2 Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25°C, V+ = 5.0V and 15V, V− = 0V, VCM = VO = V+/2. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ (Note 5) LMC7211AI Limit (Note 6) LMC7211BI Limit (Note 6) Units 3 5 8 15 18 mV max VOS Input Offset Voltage TCVOS Input Offset Voltage V+ = 5V 1.0 Temperature Drift V+ 4.0 Input Offset Voltage V+ = 5V 3.3 Average Drift V+ 4.0 = 15V = 15V IB Input Current IOS Input Offset Current CMRR Common Mode V+ = 5.0V Rejection Ration V+ = 15.0V PSRR Power Supply 5V ≤ V+ ≤ 10V μV/°C μV/Month 0.04 pA 0.02 pA 75 dB 82 dB 80 dB 100 dB Rejection Ratio AV Voltage Gain CMVR Input Common-Mode Voltage Range VOH Output Voltage High V+ = 5.0V CMRR > 55 dB 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.0 V min V+ = 5.0V CMRR > 55 dB −0.3 −0.2 0.0 −0.2 0.0 V max V+ = 15.0V CMRR > 55 dB 15.3 15.2 15.0 15.2 15.0 V min V+ = 15.0V CMRR > 55 dB −0.3 −0.2 0.0 −0.2 0.0 V max V+ = 5V 4.8 4.6 4.6 mV Iload = 5 mA VOL Output Voltage Low 4.45 4.45 min V+ = 15V Iload = 5 mA 14.8 14.6 14.45 14.6 14.45 mV min V+ = 5V 0.2 0.40 0.40 mV 0.55 0.55 max Iload = 5 mA IS ISC Supply Current Short Circuit Current V+ = 15V Iload = 5 mA 0.2 0.40 0.55 0.40 0.55 mV max VOUT = Low 7 14 14 18 18 μA max Sourcing 30 mA Sinking (Note 8) 45 mA 3 www.national.com LMC7211 5.0V and 15.0V Electrical Characteristics LMC7211 AC Electrical Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25°C, V+ = 5V, V− = 0V, VCM = VO = V+/2. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extreme. Symbol trise Parameter Typ (Note 5) Conditions Rise Time f = 10 kHz, Cl = 50 pF, LMC7211AI Limit (Note 6) LMC7211BI Limit (Note 6) Units 0.3 μs 0.3 μs μs Overdrive = 10 mV (Note 9) tfall Fall Time f = 10 kHz, Cl = 50 pF, Overdrive = 10 mV (Note 9) tPHL Propagation Delay f = 10 kHz, 10 mV 10 (High to Low) Cl = 50 pF 100 mV 4 (Note 11) (Note 9) V+ = 2.7V, 10 mV 10 f = 10 kHz, 100 mV 4 μs Cl = 50 pF (Note 9) tPLH Propagation Delay f = 10 kHz, 10 mV 6 (Low to High) Cl = 50p 100 mV 4 (Note 11) (Note 9) V+ = 2.7V, 10 mV 7 f = 10 kHz, 100 mV 4 μs μs Cl = 50 pF (Note 9) Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but specific performance is not guaranteed. For guaranteed specifications and the test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. Note 2: Human body model, 1.5 kΩ in series with 100 pF. Note 3: Applies to both single-supply and split-supply operation. Continuous short circuit operation at elevated ambient temperature can result in exceeding the maximum allowed junction temperature of 150°C. Output currents in excess of ±30 mA over long term may adversely affect reliability. Note 4: The maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) − TA)/θJA.All numbers apply for packages soldered directly into a PC board. Note 5: Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm. Note 6: All limits are guaranteed by testing or statistical analysis. Note 7: Limiting input pin current is only necessary for input voltages that exceed absolute maximum input voltage rating. Note 8: Do not short circuit output to V+, when V+ is greater than 12V or reliability will be adversely affected. Note 9: CL includes the probe and jig capacitance. Note 10: Input offset voltage average drift is calculated by dividing the accelerated operating life VOS drift by the equivalent operational time. This represents worst case input conditions and includes the first 30 days of drift. Note 11: Input step voltage for propagation delay measurement is 2V. Ordering Information Package 8-Pin SO-8 5-Pin SOT 23-5 www.national.com Ordering Information NSC Drawing Number Package Marking Transport Media LMC7211AIM M08A LM7211AIM Rails LMC7211AIMX M08A LM7211AIM 2.5k Units Tape and Reel LMC7211BIM M08A LM7211BIM Rails LMC7211BIMX M08A LM7211BIM 2.5k Units tape and Reel LMC7211AIM5 MF05A C00A 1k Units Tape and Reel LMC7211AIM5X MF05A C00A 3k Units Tape and Reel LMC7211BIM5 MF05A C00B 1k Units Tape and Reel LMC7211BIM5X MF05A C00B 3k Units Tape and Reel 4 Single Supply TA = 25°C unless specified Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage Supply Current vs. Temperature while Sourcing 1233715 1233716 Supply Current vs. Temperature while Sinking Output Sourcing Current vs. Supply Voltage 1233718 1233717 Output Sinking Current vs. Supply Voltage Output Sourcing Current vs. Output Voltage @ 5V 1233719 1233720 5 www.national.com LMC7211 Typical Performance Characteristics LMC7211 Output Sinking Current vs. Output Voltage @ 5V Output Sourcing Current vs. Output Voltage @ 15V 1233721 1233722 Output Sinking Current vs. Output Voltage @ 15V Response Time for Various Input Overdrives −tPLH 1233723 1233724 Response Time for Various Input Overdrives −tPHL Response Time for Various Input Overdrives −tPLH 1233725 www.national.com 1233726 6 Response Time for Various Input Overdrives −tPLH 1233727 1233728 Response Time for Various Input Overdrives −tPHL Input Bias Current vs. Common Mode Voltage 1233730 1233729 Input Bias Current vs. Common Mode Voltage Input Bias Current vs. Common Mode Voltage 1233731 1233732 7 www.national.com LMC7211 Response Time for Various Input Overdrives −tPHL LMC7211 Input Bias Current vs. Temperature 1233733 circuits previously used to match signals to the limited input range of earlier comparators. This is useful to power supply monitoring circuits which need to sense their own power supply, and compare it to a reference voltage which is close to the power supply voltage. The wide input range can also be useful for sensing the voltage drop across a current sense resistor for battery chargers. Zero Crossing Detector. Since the LMC7211's common mode input range extends below ground even when powered by a single positive supply, it can be used with large input resistors as a zero crossing detector. Low Input Currents and High Input Impedance. These characteristics allow the LMC7211 to be used to sense high impedance signals from sensors. They also make it possible to use the LMC7211 in timing circuits built with large value resistors. This can reduce the power dissipation of timing circuits. For very long timing circuits, using high value resistors can reduce the size and cost of large value capacitors for the same R-C time constant. Direct Sensor Interfacing. The wide input voltage range and high impedance of the LMC7211 may make it possible to directly interface to a sensor without the use of amplifiers or bias circuits. In circuits with sensors which can produce outputs in the tens to hundreds of millivolts, the LMC7211 can compare the sensor signal with an appropriately small reference voltage. This may be done close to ground or the positive supply rail. Direct sensor interfacing may eliminate the need for an amplifier for the sensor signal. Eliminating the amplifier can save cost, space, and design time. Application Information 1.0 Benefits of the LMC7211 Tiny Comparator Size. The small footprint of the SOT 23-5 packaged Tiny Comparator, (0.120 x 0.118 inches, 3.05 x 3.00 mm) saves space on printed circuit boards, and enable the design of smaller electronic products. Because they are easier to carry, many customers prefer smaller and lighter products. Height. The height (0.056 inches, 1.43 mm) of the Tiny Comparator makes it possible to use it in PCMCIA type III cards. Simplified Board Layout. The Tiny Comparator can simplify board layout in several ways. First, by placing a comparator where comparators are needed, instead of routing signals to a dual or quad device, long pc traces may be avoided. By using multiple Tiny Comparators instead of duals or quads, complex signal routing and possibly crosstalk can be reduced. Low Supply Current. The typical 7 μA supply current of the LMC7211 extends battery life in portable applications, and may allow the reduction of the size of batteries in some applications. Wide Voltage Range. The LMC7211 is characterized at 15V, 5V and 2.7V. Performance data is provided at these popular voltages. This wide voltage range makes the LMC7211 a good choice for devices where the voltage may vary over the life of the batteries. Digital Outputs Representing Signal Level. Comparators provide a high or low digital output depending on the voltage levels of the (+) and (−) inputs. This makes comparators useful for interfacing analog signals to microprocessors and other digital circuits. The LMC7211 can be thought of as a one-bit a/d converter. Push-Pull Output. The push-pull output of the LMC7211 is capable of both sourcing and sinking milliamp level currents even at a 2.7 volt supply. This can allow the LMC7211 to drive multiple logic gates. Driving LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes). With a 5 volt power supply, the LMC7211's output sinking current can drive small, high efficiency LEDs for indicator and test point circuits. The small size of the Tiny package makes it easy to find space to add this feature to even compact designs. Input range to Beyond Rail to Rail. The input common mode range of the LMC7211 is slightly larger than the actual power supply range. This wide input range means that the comparator can be used to sense signals close to the power supply rails. This wide input range can make design easier by eliminating voltage dividers, amplifiers, and other front end www.national.com 2.0 Low Voltage Operation Comparators are the common devices by which analog signals interface with digital circuits. The LMC7211 has been designed to operate at supply voltages of 2.7V without sacrificing performance to meet the demands of 3V digital systems. At supply voltages of 2.7V, the common-mode voltage range extends 200 mV (guaranteed) below the negative supply. This feature, in addition to the comparator being able to sense signals near the positive rail, is extremely useful in low voltage applications. 8 LMC7211 1233705 1233707 FIGURE 1. Even at Low-Supply Voltage of 2.7V, an Input Signal which Exceeds the Supply Voltages Produces No Phase Inversion at the Output FIGURE 3. Measurement of the Shoot-Through Current From Figure 3, the shoot-through current for the LMC7211 can be calculated to be 0.2 mA (typical), and the duration is 1 μs. The values needed for the bypass capacitors can be calculated as follows: At V+ = 2.7V propagation delays are tPLH = 4 μs and tPHL = 4 μs with overdrives of 100 mV. Please refer to the performance curves for more extensive characterization. 3.0 Shoot-Through Current The shoot-through current is defined as the current surge, above the quiescent supply current, between the positive and negative supplies of a device. The current surge occurs when the output of the device switches states. The shoot-through current results in glitches in the supply voltages. Usually, glitches in the supply lines are prevented by bypass capacitors. When the glitches are minimal, the value of the bypass capacitors can be reduced. Area of Δ = ½ (1 μs × 200 μA) = 100 pC 1233708 The capacitor needs to supply 100 picocolumb. To avoid large shifts in the comparator threshold due to changes in the voltage level, the voltage drop at the bypass capacitor should be limited to 100 mV or less. The charge needed (100 picocolumb) and the allowable voltage drop (100 mV) will give us the minimum capacitor value required. ΔQ = C (ΔV) C = ΔQ/ΔV = 100 picocolumb/100 mV C = 10-10/10-1 = 10-9 = 1 nF = 0.001 μF 10-9 = 1 nF = 0.001 μF The voltage drop of ∼100 mV will cause a threshold shift in the comparator. This threshold shift will be reduced by the power supply rejection ratio, (PSRR). The PSRR which is applicable here is not the DC value of PSRR (∼80 dB), but a transient PSRR which will be usually about 20 dB–40 dB, depending on the circuit and the speed of the transient. This will result in an effective threshold shift of about 1 mV to 10 mV. For precision and level sensing circuits, it is generally a good goal to reduce the voltage delta on the power supply to a value equal to or less than the hysteresis of the comparator circuit. If the above circuit was to be used with 50 mV of hysteresis, it would be reasonable to increase the bypass capacitor to 0.01 μF to reduce the voltage delta to 10 mV. Larger values may be useful for obtaining more accurate and consistent switching. Note that the switching current of the comparator can spread to other parts of the board as noise. The bypass capacitor reduces this noise. For low noise systems this may be reason to make the capacitor larger. 1233706 FIGURE 2. Circuit for Measurement of the Shoot-Through Current 9 www.national.com LMC7211 With Positive Feedback (Hysteresis or Memory) For non-precision circuits, such as using a comparator to determine if a push-button switch is on or off, it is often cheaper and easier to use a larger value of hysteresis and a small value or bypass capacitance. The low shoot-through current of the LMC7211 can allow the use of smaller and less expensive bypass capacitors in non-critical circuits. 4.0 Output Short Circuit Current The LMC7211 has short circuit protection of 40 mA. However, it is not designed to withstand continuous short circuits, transient voltage or current spikes, or shorts to any voltage beyond the supplies. A resistor in series with the output should reduce the effect of shorts. For outputs which send signals off PC boards additional protection devices, such as diodes to the supply rails, and varistors may be used. 5.0 Hysteresis If the input signal is very slow or very noisy, the comparator output might trip several times as the input signal passes through the threshold. Using positive feedback to add hysteresis to the switching can reduce or eliminate this problem. The positive feedback can be added by a high value resistor (RF). This will result in two switching thresholds, one for increasing signals and one for decreasing signals. A capacitor can be added across RF to increase the switching speed and provide more short term hysteresis. This can result in greater noise immunity for the circuit. See Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6. Note that very heavy loading of the comparator output, such as LED drive or bipolar logic gates, will change the output voltage and shift the voltage thresholds. 1233711 FIGURE 6. 6.0 Input Protection If input signals are like to exceed the common mode range of the LMC7211, or it is likely that signals may be present when power is off, damage to the LMC7211 may occur. Large value (100 kΩ to MΩ) input resistors may reduce the likelihood of damage by limiting the input currents. Since the LMC7211 has very low input leakage currents, the effect on accuracy will be small. Additional protection may require the use of diodes, as shown in Figure 7. Note that diode leakage current may affect accuracy during normal operation. The R-C time constant of RIN and the diode capacitance may also slow response time. 1233709 RF ≫ R1 and RF ≫ R2 1233712 FIGURE 4. Positive Feedback for Hysteresis FIGURE 7. Without Positive Feedback (No Hysteresis) 7.0 Layout Considerations The LMC7211 is not an especially fast comparator, so high speed design practices are not required. The LMC7211 is capable of operating with very high impedance inputs, so precautions should be taken to reduce noise pickup with high impedance (∼ 100 kΩ and greater) designs and in electrically noisy environments. Keeping high value resistors close to the LMC7211 and minimizing the size of the input nodes is a good practice. With multilayer designs, try to avoid long loops which could act as inductors (coils). Sensors which are not close to the comparator may need twisted pair or shielded connections to reduce noise. 1233710 FIGURE 5. www.national.com 10 Push-Pull Output LMC7211 SOT23-5, SO-8 LMC6762 SO-8, Single Dual Open Drain Output LMC7221 SOT23-5, SO-8 LMC6772 SO-8, DIP Single Dual Contact your National Semiconductor representative for the latest information. 10.0 Spice Macromodel A Spice Macromodel is available for the LMC7211 comparator on the National Semiconductor Amplifier Macromodel disk. Contact your National Semiconductor representative to obtain the latest version. 9.0 Additional SOT23-5 Tiny Devices National Semiconductor has additional parts available in the space saving SOT23 Tiny package, including amplifiers, voltage references, and voltage regulators. These devices include— LMC7101 1 MHz gain-bandwidth rail-to-rail input and output amplifier—high input impedance and high gain 700 μA typical current 2.7V, 3V, 5V and 15V specifications. 11 www.national.com LMC7211 LMC7111 Low power 50 kHz gain-bandwidth rail-to-rail input and output amplifier with 25 μA typical current specified at 2.7V, 3.0V, 3.3V, 5V and 10V. LM7131 Tiny Video amp with 70 MHz gain bandwidth 3V, 5V and ±5V specifications. LP2980 Micropower SOT 50 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator. LM4040 Precision micropower shunt voltage reference. Fixed voltages of 2.500V, 4.096V, 5.000V, 8.192V and 10.000V. LM4041 Precision micropower shut voltage reference 1.225V and adjustable. LM385 Low current voltage reference. Fixed Voltages of 1.2V and 2.5V. 8.0 Open Drain Output, Dual Versions The LMC7221 is a comparator similar to the LMC7211, but with an open drain output which allows the output voltage to be different (higher or lower) than the supply voltage. The open drain output is like the open collector output of a logic gate. This makes the LMC7221 very useful for mixed voltage systems. Many systems will have different voltages for the analog and microprocessor sections. Please see the LMC7221 datasheet for details. The performance of the LMC7211 is available in dual devices. Please see the LMC6762 datasheet for details on a dual push-pull output device. For a dual device with open drain outputs, please see the LMC6772 datasheet. Rail-to-Rail Input Low Power Comparators— LMC7211 SOT-23-5 Tape and Reel Specification REEL DIMENSIONS 1233713 8 mm 7.00 0.059 0.512 0.795 2.165 330.00 1.50 13.00 20.20 55.00 Tape Size A B C D 0.331 + 0.059/−0.000 8.40 + 1.50/−0.00 0.567 14.40 W1+ 0.078/−0.039 W1 + 2.00/−1.00 W1 W2 W3 N TAPE FORMAT Tape Section www.national.com # Cavities Cavity Status Cover Tape Status Leader 0 (min) Empty Sealed (Start End) 75 (min) Empty Sealed Carrier 3000 Filled Sealed 1000 Filled Sealed Trailer 125 (min) Empty Sealed (Hub End) 0 (min) Empty Sealed 12 LMC7211 Tape Dimensions 1233714 8 mm 0.130 (3.3) 0.124 (3.15) 0.130 (3.3) 0.126 (3.2) Tape Size DIM A DIM Ao DIM B DIM Bo 0.138 ± 0.002 (3.5 ± 0.05) 0.055 ± 0.004 (1.4 ± 0.11) 0.157 (4) 0.315 ±0.012 (8 ± 0.3) DIM F DIM Ko DIM P1 DIM W 13 www.national.com LMC7211 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 5-Pin SOT Package NS Package Number MF05A 8-Pin Small Outline Package NS Package Number M08A www.national.com 14 LMC7211 Notes 15 www.national.com LMC7211 Tiny CMOS Comparator with Rail-to-Rail Input and Push-Pull Output Notes For more National Semiconductor product information and proven design tools, visit the following Web sites at: www.national.com Products Design Support Amplifiers www.national.com/amplifiers WEBENCH® Tools www.national.com/webench Audio www.national.com/audio App Notes www.national.com/appnotes Clock and Timing www.national.com/timing Reference Designs www.national.com/refdesigns Data Converters www.national.com/adc Samples www.national.com/samples Interface www.national.com/interface Eval Boards www.national.com/evalboards LVDS www.national.com/lvds Packaging www.national.com/packaging Power Management www.national.com/power Green Compliance www.national.com/quality/green Switching Regulators www.national.com/switchers Distributors www.national.com/contacts LDOs www.national.com/ldo Quality and Reliability www.national.com/quality LED Lighting www.national.com/led Feedback/Support www.national.com/feedback Voltage References www.national.com/vref Design Made Easy www.national.com/easy www.national.com/powerwise Applications & Markets www.national.com/solutions Mil/Aero www.national.com/milaero PowerWise® Solutions Serial Digital Interface (SDI) www.national.com/sdi Temperature Sensors www.national.com/tempsensors SolarMagic™ www.national.com/solarmagic PLL/VCO www.national.com/wireless www.national.com/training PowerWise® Design University THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION (“NATIONAL”) PRODUCTS. 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