Anpec APW7178A 1.5mhz, 1a synchronous buck regulator Datasheet

APW7178A
1.5MHz, 1A Synchronous Buck Regulator
Features
General Description
•
1A Output Current
•
Wide 2.7V~6.0V Input Voltage
APW7178A is a 1.5MHz high efficiency monolithic synchronous buck regulator. Design with current mode
•
Fixed 1.5MHz Switching Frequency
•
Low Dropout Operating at 100% Duty Cycle
•
Synchronous Rectifier
•
0.6V Reference Voltage
•
<0.5µA Input Current During Shutdown
•
Short-Circuit Protection
•
Over-Temperature Protection
•
Available in TDFN2x2-6 Packages
•
Lead Free and Green Devices Available
increase the efficiency and eliminate the need of an external Schottky diode.
(RoHS Compliant)
The APW7178A is available in TDFN2x2-6 packages.
scheme, the APW7178A is stable with ceramic output
capacitor. Input voltage from 2.7V to 6.0V makes the
APW7178A ideally suited for single Li-Ion battery powered applications. 100% duty cycle provides low dropout
operation, extending battery life in portable electrical
devices. The internally fixed 1.5MHz operating frequency
allows the using of small surface mount inductors and
capacitors. The synchronous switches included inside
Simplified Application Circuit
Applications
VIN
•
HD STB
•
BT Mouse
•
PND Instrument
•
Portable Instrument
APW7178A
IIN
VIN
C1
4.7µF
(MLCC)
L1
2.2µH
VOUT
SW
NC
R1
C3
C2
10µF
(MLCC)
RUN FB
GND
R2
R1 ≤ 1MΩ is recommended
R2 ≤ 200KΩ is recommended
Pin Configuration
Place C1 closed VIN/GND. Without via hole is recommended.
APW7178A
NC
1
6
FB
RUN
2
5
GND
VIN
3
4
SW
TDFN2x2-6
(Top View)
ANPEC reserves the right to make changes to improve reliability or manufacturability without notice, and
advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify before placing orders.
Copyright  ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.1 - Sep., 2012
1
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APW7178A
Ordering and Marking Information
APW7178A
Package Code
QB: TDFN2x2-6
Operating Ambient Temperature Range
I : -40 to 85 oC
Handling Code
TR : Tape & Reel
Assembly Material
G : Halogen and Lead Free Device
Assembly Material
Handling Code
Temperature Range
Package Code
APW7178AQB :
78A
X
X - Date Code
Note: ANPEC lead-free products contain molding compounds/die attach materials and 100% matte tin plate termination finish; which
are fully compliant with RoHS. ANPEC lead-free products meet or exceed the lead-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020D for
MSL classification at lead-free peak reflow temperature. ANPEC defines “Green” to mean lead-free (RoHS compliant) and halogen
free (Br or Cl does not exceed 900ppm by weight in homogeneous material and total of Br and Cl does not exceed 1500ppm by
weight).
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
Symbol
VIN
Parameter
Rating
Input Bias Supply Voltage (VIN to GND)
RUN, FB, SW to GND Voltage
PD
Power Dissipation
TSDR
-0.3 ~ 7
V
-0.3 ~ VIN+0.3
V
Internally Limited
Maximum Junction Temperature
TSTG
Unit
Storage Temperature
Maximum Lead Soldering Temperature, 10 Seconds
W
150
o
-65 ~ 150
o
260
o
C
C
C
Note1: Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are
stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "recommended operating conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device
reliability.
Thermal Characteristics
Symbol
θJA
Parameter
Typical Value
Junction-to-Ambient Resistance in Free Air (Note 2)
TDFN2x2-6
Unit
o
165
C/W
Note 2: θJA is measured with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board in free air.
Recommended Operating Conditions (Note 3)
Symbol
VIN
Parameter
Input Bias Supply Voltage (VIN to GND)
Range
Unit
2.7 ~ 6
V
0.6 ~ VIN
V
VOUT
Converter Output Voltage
IOUT
Converter Output Current
0~1
A
L1
Converter Output Inductor
1.0 ~ 10
µH
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APW7178A
Recommended Operating Conditions (Note 3) (Cont.)
Parameter
Range
Unit
Converter Input Capacitor
4.7 ~100
µF
Converter Output Capacitor
4.7 ~100
µF
Ambient Temperature
-40 ~ 85
o
-40 ~ 125
o
Symbol
CIN
COUT
TA
TJ
Junction Temperature
C
C
Note 3: Refer to the typical application circuit
Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, these specifications apply over VIN=3.6V and TA= 25 oC.
Symbol
Parameter
APW7178A
Test Conditions
Unit
Min.
Typ.
Max.
2.7
-
6
V
-
-
0.5
µA
UVLO Threshold
2.1
2.35
2.6
V
UVLO Hysteresis
-
0.1
-
V
0.588
0.6
0.612
V
-2.5
-
+2.5
%
-50
-
50
nA
SUPPLY VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
VIN
Input Voltage Range
ISD
Shutdown Input Current
RUN = GND
POWER-ON-RESET (POR) and LOCKOUT VOLTAGE THRESHOLDS
REFERENCE VOLTAGE
VREF
IFB
Reference Voltage
VIN=2.7V~6V, TA = -40~85 oC
Output Voltage Accuracy
0A < IOUT < 1A
FB Input Current
INTERNAL POWER MOSFETS
FSW
Switching Frequency
1.2
1.5
1.8
MHz
Foldback Frequency
VFB = 0.1V
-
210
-
kHz
Foldback Threshold Voltage on FB
VFB Falling
-
0.2
-
V
-
50
-
mV
RP-FET
Foldback Hysteresis
High Side N-FET Switch ON Resistance
ISW =200mA
-
0.28
-
Ω
RN-FET
Low Side P-FET Switch ON Resistance
ISW =200mA
-
0.25
-
Ω
Minimum On-Time
-
-
100
ns
Maximum Duty Cycle
-
-
100
%
1.4
1.6
-
A
PROTECTION
ILIM
TOTP
Maximum Inductor Current-Limit
IP-FET, 2.7V≦VIN≦6V
Over-Temperature Protection
TJ Rising
-
150
-
Over-Temperature Protection Hysteresis
TJ Falling
-
30
-
Copyright  ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.1 - Sep., 2012
3
°C
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APW7178A
Electrical Characteristics (Cont.)
Unless otherwise specified, these specifications apply over VIN=3.6V and TA= 25 oC.
Symbol
Parameter
APW7178A
Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Unit
Max.
START-UP AND SHUTDOWN
TSS
Soft-Start Duration
(Note 4)
-
0.7
-
ms
RUN Input High Threshold
VIN = 2.7V~6V
-
-
1
V
RUN Input Low Threshold
VIN = 2.7V~6V
0.4
-
-
V
RUN Leakage Current
VRUN = 5V, VIN = 5V
-1
-
1
µA
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APW7178A
Typical Operating Characteristics
(Refer to the application circuit in the section “Typical Application Circuits”, VIN=3.6V, VOUT=1.8V, TA=25oC unless
otherwise specified )
Efficiency vs. Load Current
Efficiency vs. Load Current
100
100
90
90
80
80
70
Efficiency (%)
Efficiency (%)
70
60
VIN=5V
VIN=3.3V
50
40
60
50
VIN=3.3V
40
30
30
VOUT = 1.8V
L = 2.2µH
COUT = 10µF
20
10
VOUT = 1.2V
L = 2.2µH
COUT = 10µF
20
10
0
0
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
1
0
0.1
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
Load Current, IOUT(A)
Supply Voltage vs. ON Resistance
0.35
0.64
RP-FET
0.30
0.63
0.62
ON Resistance(Ω)
Reference Voltage, VREF(V)
1
Load Current, IOUT(A)
Supply Voltage vs. Reference
Voltage
0.65
0.61
0.6
0.59
0.58
0.57
0.25
0.20
RN-FET
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.56
0.55
VIN=5V
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
0.00
6
Supply Voltage, VIN (V)
Copyright  ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.1 - Sep., 2012
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Supply Voltage, VIN(V)
5
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APW7178A
Operating Waveforms
(Refer to the application circuit in the section “Typical Application Circuits”, VIN=3.6V, VOUT=1.8V, TA=25oC unless
otherwise specified)
Soft Start
Load Transient Response
1A
1
VRUN
300mA
1
VOUT ,1V/Div, DC
2
IOUT, 0.5A/Div, DC
VOUT ,100mV/Div, AC
2
3
IIN, 200mA/Div
L=2.2µH, VIN=5V, VOUT=1.8V, COUT=10µF
L=2.2µH, VIN=5V, COUT=10µF
Time: 100µs/Div
Time: 100µs/Div
Normal Operation
2.5V
1.5V
VIN, 0.5V/Div
1
VSW ,2V/Div, DC
2
VOUT ,20mV/Div, AC
VOUT,200mV/Div,AC
IL, 500mV/Div, DC
3
L=2.2µH, VINI=5V,
VOUT=1.2V, COUT=10µF
= 100mA
OUT
Time: 500ns/Div
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APW7178A
Pin Description
PIN
FUNCTION
NO.
NAME
1
NC
2
RUN
Enable Control Input. Forcing this pin above 1.0V enables the device. Forcing this pin below 0.4V shuts it
down. In shutdown, all functions are disabled to decrease the supply current below 0.5µA. Do not leave
RUN pin floating.
3
VIN
Device and Converter Supply Pin. Must be closely decoupled to GND with a 4.7µF or greater ceramic
capacitor.
4
SW
Switch Node Connected to Inductor. This pin connects to the drains of the internal main and synchronous
power MOSFETs switches.
5
GND
6
FB
No Internal Connection.
Power and Signal Ground.
The feedback voltage is decided by an external resistive divider across the output.
Block Diagram
Current
Sense
Amplifier
RUN
VIN
Shutdown
Control
Logic Control
SW
OverTemperature
Protection
Gate
Driver
Current
-Limit
Slope
Compensation
∑
GND
Oscillator
Error
Amplifier
ICMP
COMP
SoftStart
Copyright  ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.1 - Sep., 2012
FB
EAMP
7
VREF
0.6V
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APW7178A
Typical Application Circuit
APW7178A
VIN
L1
2.2µH
IIN
SW
VIN
C1
4.7µF
(MLCC)
NC
R1
RUN
C3
(option)
C2
10µF
(MLCC)
FB
R1 ≤ 1MΩ is recommended
GND
R2 ≤ 200KΩ is recommended
R2
Copyright  ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.1 - Sep., 2012
VOUT
8
Place C1 closed to VIN/GND without via
hole is recommended
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APW7178A
Function Description
Main Control Loop
Dropout Operation
The APW7178A is a constant frequency, synchronous rec-
As the input supply voltage decreases to a value approaching the output voltage, the duty cycle increases
tifier and current-mode switching regulator. In normal
operation, the internal P-channel power MOSFET is
toward the maximum on time. Further, reduction of the
supply voltage forces the main switch to remain on for
turned on each cycle. The peak inductor current at which
ICMP turn off the P-FET is controlled by the voltage on the
more than one cycle until it reaches 100% duty cycle. The
input voltage minus the voltage drop will determine the
COMP node, which is the output of the error amplifier
(EAMP). An external resistive divider connected between
output voltage across the P-FET and the inductor.
An important detail to remember is that on resistance of
VOUT and ground allows the EAMP to receive an output
feedback voltage VFB at FB pin. When the load current
P-FET switch will increase at low input supply voltage.
Therefore, the user should calculate the power dissipa-
increases, it causes a slightly decrease in VFB relative to
the 0.6V reference, which in turn causes the COMP volt-
tion when the APW7178A is used at 100% duty cycle with
age to increase until the average inductor current matches
the new load current.
low input voltage.
Enable/Shutdown
Driving RUN to the ground places the APW7178A in shutdown mode. When in shutdown, the internal power
MOSFETs turn off, all internal circuitry shuts down and
the quiescent supply current reduces to 0.5µA maximum.
Slope Compensation and Inductor Peak Current
The APW7178A is a peak current mode PWM step down
converter. To prevent sub-harmonic oscillations, the
APW7178A sense the peak current and add slope compensation to stable the converter. It is accomplished internally by adding a compensating ramp to the inductor
current signal at duty cycles in excess of 40%. Normally,
this results in a reduction of maximum inductor peak current for duty cycles > 40%. However, the APW7178A uses
a special scheme that counteracts this compensating
ramp, which allows the maximum inductor peak current
to remain unaffected throughout all duty cycles.
Over-Temperature Protection (OTP)
The over-temperature circuit limits the junction temperature of the APW7178A. When the junction temperature
exceeds 150oC, a thermal sensor turns off the both power
MOSFETs, allowing the devices to cool. The thermal sensor allows the converters to start a soft-start process and
regulate the output voltage again after the junction temperature cools by 30oC. The OTP is designed with a 30oC
hysteresis to lower the average Junction Temperature
(TJ) during continuous thermal overload conditions, increasing the lifetime of the device.
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APW7178A
Application Information
Input Capacitor Selection
shown in “Typical Application Circuits”. A suggestion of
Because buck converters have a pulsating input current,
a low ESR input capacitor is required. This results in the
maximum value of R2 is 200kΩ to keep the minimum
current that provides enough noise rejection ability through
best input voltage filtering, minimizing the interference
with other circuits caused by high input voltage spikes.
the resistor divider. The output voltage can be calculated
as below:
R1 
R1 


VOUT = VREF ⋅  1 +
 = 0.6 ⋅ 1 +

R2 
R2 


Also, the input capacitor must be sufficiently large to stabilize the input voltage during heavy load transients. For
good input voltage filtering, usually a 4.7µF input capacitor is sufficient. It can be increased without any limit for
VOUT
better input-voltage filtering. Ceramic capacitors show
better performance because of the low ESR value, and
R1≤1MΩ
they are less sensitive against voltage transients and
spikes compared to tantalum capacitors. Place the input
FB
R2 ≤ 200kΩ
APW7178A
capacitor as close as possible to the input and GND pin of
the device for better performance.
GND
Inductor Selection
Output Capacitor Selection
For high efficiencies, the inductor should have a low DC
The current-mode control scheme of the APW7178A allows the use of tiny ceramic capacitors. The higher ca-
resistance to minimize conduction losses. Especially at
high-switching frequencies the core material has a higher
pacitor value provides the good load transients response.
impact on efficiency. When using small chip inductors,
the efficiency is reduced mainly due to higher inductor
Ceramic capacitors with low ESR values have the lowest
output voltage ripple and are recommended. If required,
core losses. This needs to be considered when selecting the appropriate inductor. The inductor value deter-
tantalum capacitors may be used as well. The output
ripple is the sum of the voltages across the ESR and the
mines the inductor ripple current. The larger the inductor
value, the smaller the inductor ripple current and the lower
ideal output capacitor.
the conduction losses of the converter. Conversely, larger
inductor values cause a slower load transient response.
∆VOUT
A reasonable starting point for setting ripple current, ∆IL,
is 40% of maximum output current. The recommended

V
VOUT ⋅ 1 − OUT
VIN

≅
FSW ⋅ L


 
1
 ⋅  ESR +

8 ⋅ FSW ⋅ COUT





When choosing the input and output ceramic capacitors,
inductor value can be calculated as below:
choose the X5R or X7R dielectric formulations. These
dielectrics have the best temperature and voltage char-


V
VOUT 1 − OUT 
VIN 

L≥
FSW ⋅ ∆IL
acteristics of all the ceramics for a given value and size.
VIN
IL(MAX) = IOUT(MAX) + 1/2 x ∆IL
IIN
IP-FET
To avoid the saturation of the inductor, the inductor should
IL
be rated at least for the maximum output current of the
converter plus the inductor ripple current.
CIN
Output Voltage Setting
P-FET
VOUT
SW
N-FET
In the adjustable version, the output voltage is set by a
resistive divider. The external resistive divider is con-
IOUT
ESR
COUT
nected to the output, allowing remote voltage sensing as
Copyright  ANPEC Electronics Corp.
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APW7178A
Application Information (Cont.)
Output Capacitor Selection (Cont.)
The maximum power dissipation on the device can be
shown as the following figure:
IL
0.8
Maximum Power Disspation (W)
ILIM
IPEAK
∆IL
IOUT
IP-FET
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-50 -25
0
25
50
75
100 125 150
Junction Temperature (oC)
Thermal Consideration
Layout Consideration
In most applications, the APW7178A does not dissipate
much heat due to its high efficiency. But, in applications
For all switching power supplies, the layout is an impor-
where the APW7178A is running at high ambient temperature with low supply voltage and high duty cycles, the
tant step in the design; especially at high peak currents
and switching frequencies. If the layout is not carefully
heat dissipated may exceed the maximum junction tem-
done, the regulator might show noise problems and duty
cycle jitter.
perature of the part. If the junction temperature reaches
approximately 150°C, both power switches will be turned
1. The input capacitor should be placed close to the VIN
and GND. Connecting the capacitor and VIN/GND with
off and the SW node will become high impedance.
To avoid the APW7178A from exceeding the maximum
short and wide trace without any via holes for good
input voltage filtering. The distance between VIN/GND
junction temperature, the user will need to do some thermal analysis. The goal of the thermal analysis is to deter-
to capacitor less than 2mm respectively is
recommended.
mine whether the power dissipated exceeds the maximum junction temperature of the part. The power dissi-
2. To minimize copper trace connections that can inject
noise into the system, the inductor should be placed
pated by the part is approximated:
as close as possible to the SW pin to minimize the
noise coupling into other circuits.
PD ≅ IOUT2 x (RP-FET x D+RN-FET x (1-D))
The temperature rise is given by:
3. The output capacitor should be place closed to VOUT
and GND.
TR = (PD)(θJA)
4. Since the feedback pin and network is a high impedance circuit the feedback network should be routed
Where PD is the power dissipated by the regulator, D is
duty cycle of main switch
away from the inductor. The feedback pin and feedback network should be shielded with a ground plane
D = VOUT/VIN
The θJA is the thermal resistance from the junction of the
die to the ambient temperature. The junction temperature,
or trace to minimize noise coupling into this circuit.
5. A star ground connection or ground plane minimizes
TJ, is given by:
ground shifts and noise is recommended.
TJ = TA + TR
Where TA is the ambient temperature.
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APW7178A
Package Information
TDFN2x2-6
A
b
E
D
D2
A1
A3
L
K
E2
Pin 1 Corner
e
TDFN2x2-6
S
Y
M
B
O
L
MIN.
MAX.
MIN.
MAX.
A
0.70
0.80
0.028
0.031
A1
0.00
0.05
0.000
0.002
0.007
MILLIMETERS
A3
INCHES
0.20 REF
0.008 REF
0.012
b
0.18
0.30
D
1.90
2.10
0.075
0.083
0.063
D2
1.00
1.60
0.039
E
1.90
2.10
0.075
0.083
E2
0.60
1.00
0.024
0.039
0.45
0.012
e
0.65 BSC
L
0.30
K
0.20
0.026 BSC
0.018
0.008
Note : 1. Followed from JEDEC MO-229 WCCC.
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APW7178A
Carrier Tape & Reel Dimensions
P0
P2
P1
A
B0
W
F
E1
OD0
K0
A0
A
OD1 B
B
T
SECTION A-A
SECTION B-B
H
A
d
T1
Application
TDFN2x2-6
A
H
T1
C
d
D
W
E1
F
178.0±2.00
50 MIN.
8.4+2.00
-0.00
13.0+0.50
-0.20
1.5 MIN.
20.2 MIN.
8.0±0.20
1.75±0.10
3.5±0.05
P0
P1
P2
D0
D1
T
A0
B0
K0
4.0±0.10
4.0±0.10
2.0±0.05
1.5+0.10
-0.00
1.5 MIN.
0.6+0.00
-0.40
2.35 MIN
2.35 MIN
1.30±0.20
(mm)
Devices Per Unit
Package Type
Unit
Quantity
TDFN2x2-6
Tape & Reel
3000
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APW7178A
Taping Direction Information
TDFN2x2-6
USER DIRECTION OF FEED
Classification Profile
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APW7178A
Classification Reflow Profiles
Profile Feature
Sn-Pb Eutectic Assembly
Pb-Free Assembly
100 °C
150 °C
60-120 seconds
150 °C
200 °C
60-120 seconds
3 °C/second max.
3 °C/second max.
183 °C
60-150 seconds
217 °C
60-150 seconds
See Classification Temp in table 1
See Classification Temp in table 2
Time (tP)** within 5°C of the specified
classification temperature (Tc)
20** seconds
30** seconds
Average ramp-down rate (Tp to Tsmax)
6 °C/second max.
6 °C/second max.
6 minutes max.
8 minutes max.
Preheat & Soak
Temperature min (Tsmin)
Temperature max (Tsmax)
Time (Tsmin to Tsmax) (ts)
Average ramp-up rate
(Tsmax to TP)
Liquidous temperature (TL)
Time at liquidous (tL)
Peak package body Temperature
(Tp)*
Time 25°C to peak temperature
* Tolerance for peak profile Temperature (Tp) is defined as a supplier minimum and a user maximum.
** Tolerance for time at peak profile temperature (tp) is defined as a supplier minimum and a user maximum.
Table 1. SnPb Eutectic Process – Classification Temperatures (Tc)
Package
Thickness
<2.5 mm
≥2.5 mm
Volume mm
<350
235 °C
220 °C
3
Volume mm
≥350
220 °C
220 °C
3
Table 2. Pb-free Process – Classification Temperatures (Tc)
Package
Thickness
<1.6 mm
1.6 mm – 2.5 mm
≥2.5 mm
Volume mm
<350
260 °C
260 °C
250 °C
3
Volume mm
350-2000
260 °C
250 °C
245 °C
3
Volume mm
>2000
260 °C
245 °C
245 °C
3
Reliability Test Program
Test item
SOLDERABILITY
HOLT
PCT
TCT
HBM
MM
Latch-Up
Method
JESD-22, B102
JESD-22, A108
JESD-22, A102
JESD-22, A104
MIL-STD-883-3015.7
JESD-22, A115
JESD 78
Copyright  ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.1 - Sep., 2012
15
Description
5 Sec, 245°C
1000 Hrs, Bias @ Tj=125°C
168 Hrs, 100%RH, 2atm, 121°C
500 Cycles, -65°C~150°C
VHBM≧2KV
VMM≧200V
10ms, 1tr≧100mA
www.anpec.com.tw
APW7178A
Customer Service
Anpec Electronics Corp.
Head Office :
No.6, Dusing 1st Road, SBIP,
Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Tel : 886-3-5642000
Fax : 886-3-5642050
Taipei Branch :
2F, No. 11, Lane 218, Sec 2 Jhongsing Rd.,
Sindian City, Taipei County 23146, Taiwan
Tel : 886-2-2910-3838
Fax : 886-2-2917-3838
Copyright  ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.1 - Sep., 2012
16
www.anpec.com.tw
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