ATF-521P8 High Linearity Enhancement Mode [1] Pseudomorphic HEMT in 2x2 mm2 LPCC[3] Package Data Sheet Description Features Avago Technologies’ ATF‑521P8 is a single-voltage high linearity, low noise E‑pHEMT housed in an 8-lead JEDECstandard leadless plastic chip carrier (LPCC[3]) package. The device is ideal as a medium-power, high-linearity amplifier. Its operating frequency range is from 50 MHz to 6 GHz. • Single voltage operation The thermally efficient package measures only 2mm x 2mm x 0.75mm. Its backside metalization provides excellent thermal dissipation as well as visual evidence of solder reflow. The device has a Point MTTF of over 300 years at a mounting temperature of +85°C. All devices are 100% RF & DC tested. • Point MTTF > 300 years[2] Pin 8 Pin 7 (Drain) Pin 6 Pin 5 Source (Thermal/RF Gnd) Pin Connections and Package Marking Pin 2 (Gate) Pin 3 Pin 4 (Source) • Excellent uniformity in product specifications • Small package size: 2.0 x 2.0 x 0.75 mm3 • MSL-1 and lead-free • Tape-and-reel packaging option available Specifications • 2 GHz; 4.5V, 200 mA (Typ.) • 42 dBm output IP3 • 26.5 dBm output power at 1 dB gain compression Pin 2 (Gate) • 1.5 dB noise figure Pin 3 • 17 dB Gain Pin 4 (Source) • 12.5 dB LFOM[4] Applications Pin 8 2Px • Low noise figure Pin 1 (Source) Bottom View Pin 1 (Source) • High linearity and P1dB Pin 7 (Drain) Pin 6 Pin 5 Top View Note: Package marking provides orientation and identification “2P” = Device Code “x” = Month code indicates the month of manufacture. Note: 1. Enhancement mode technology employs a single positive Vgs, eliminating the need of negative gate voltage associated with conventional depletion mode devices. 2. Refer to reliability datasheet for detailed MTTF data 3. Conform to JEDEC reference outline MO229 for DRP-N 4. Linearity Figure of Merit (LFOM) is essentially OIP3 divided by DC bias power. • Front-end LNA Q2 and Q3, driver or pre-driver amplifier for Cellular/PCS and WCDMA wireless infrastructure • Driver amplifier for WLAN, WLL/RLL and MMDS applica‑ tions • General purpose discrete E-pHEMT for other high linear‑ ity applications Attention: Observe precautions for handling electrostatic sensitive devices. ESD Machine Model (Class A) ESD Human Body Model (Class 1C) Refer to Avago Technologies Application Note A004R: Electrostatic Discharge Damage and Control. ATF-521P8 Absolute Maximum Ratings [1] Symbol Parameter Absolute Maximum Units VDS Drain – Source Voltage [2] V 7 VGS Gate –Source Voltage [2] V -5 to 1 VGD Gate Drain Voltage V -5 to 1 IDS Drain Current[2] mA 500 [2] IGS Gate Current mA 46 Pdiss Total Power Dissipation[3] W 1.5 Pin max. RF Input Power dBm 27 TCH Channel Temperature °C 150 TSTG Storage Temperature °C -65 to 150 θch_b Thermal Resistance[4] °C/W 45 Notes: 1. Operation of this device in excess of any one of these parameters may cause permanent damage. 2. Assumes DC quiescent conditions. 3. Board (package belly) temperatureTB is 25°C. Derate 22 mW/°C for TB > 83°C. 4. Channel to board thermal resistance measured using 150°C Liquid Crystal Measurement method. 5. Device can safely handle +27dBm RF Input Power provided IGS is limited to 46mA. IGS at P1dB drive level is bias circuit dependent. Product Consistency Distribution Charts [5, 6] 180 600 0.8V 500 4 VDS (V) IDS (mA) 180 0 6 8 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 NF (dB) 300 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 Figure 3. OIP3 @ 2 GHz, 4.5 V, 200 mA. Nominal = 41.9 dBm, LSL = 38.5 dBm. Cpk = 4.6 Stdev = 0.11 250 120 0 OIP3 (dBm) Figure 2. NF @ 2 GHz, 4.5 V, 200 mA. Nominal = 1.5 dB. Cpk = 2.13 Stdev = 0.21 150 +3 Std 30 30 0.4V 2 -3 Std 60 0.5V 0 90 +3 Std 60 Vgs = 0.6V Figure 1. Typical I-V Curves. (VGS = 0.1 V per step) 200 -3 Std 90 +3 Std 100 30 50 15 16 17 18 GAIN (dB) Figure 4. Gain @ 2 GHz, 4.5 V, 200 mA. Nominal = 17.2 dB, LSL = 15.5 dB, USL = 18.5 dB. -3 Std 150 60 0 -3 Std 90 100 0 120 120 300 200 Cpk = 0.86 Stdev = 1.32 150 0.7V 400 150 Stdev = 0.19 19 0 25 25.5 26 +3 Std 26.5 27 27.5 P1dB (dBm) Figure 5. P1dB @ 2 GHz, 4.5 V, 200 mA. Nominal = 26.5 dBm, LSL = 25 dBm. Notes: 5. Distribution data sample size is 500 samples taken from 5 different wafers. Future wafers allocated to this product may have nominal values anywhere between the upper and lower limits. 6. Measurements are made on production test board, which represents a trade-off between optimal OIP3, P1dB and VSWR. Circuit losses have been de‑embedded from actual measurements. ATF-521P8 Electrical Specifications TA = 25°C, DC bias for RF parameters is Vds = 4.5V and Ids = 200 mA unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter and Test Condition Vgs Operational Gate Voltage Vth Threshold Voltage Idss Saturated Drain Current Gm Transconductance Igss Gate Leakage Current NF Noise Figure [1] G Gain[1] OIP3 Output 3rd Order Intercept Point[1] P1dB Output 1dB Compressed[1] PAE Power Added Efficiency ACLR Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio[1,2] Vds = 4.5V, Ids = 200 mA Vds = 4.5V, Ids = 16 mA Vds = 4.5V, Vgs = 0V Vds = 4.5V, Gm = ∆Idss/∆Vgs; Vgs = Vgs1 - Vgs2 Vgs1 = 0.55V, Vgs2 = 0.5V Vds = 0V, Vgs = -4V f = 2 GHz f = 900 MHz f = 2 GHz f = 900 MHz f = 2 GHz f = 900 MHz f = 2 GHz f = 900 MHz f = 2 GHz f = 900 MHz Offset BW = 5 MHz Offset BW = 10 MHz Units Min. V V µA mmho — — — — Typ. 0.62 0.28 14.8 1300 µA-20 0.49 dB — 1.5 dB — 1.2 dB 15.5 17 dB — 17.2 dBm 38.5 42 dBm — 42.5 dBm 25 26.5 dBm — 26.5 % 45 60 % — 56 dBc —-51.4 dBc —-61.5 Max. — — — — — — — 18.5 — — — — — — — — — Notes: 1. Measurements obtained using production test board described in Figure 6. 2. ACLR test spec is based on 3GPP TS 25.141 V5.3.1 (2002-06) – Test Model 1 – Active Channels: PCCPCH + SCH + CPICH + PICH + SCCPCH + 64 DPCH (SF=128) – Freq = 2140 MHz – Pin = -5 dBm – Chan Integ Bw = 3.84 MHz Input 50 Ohm Transmission Line Including Gate Bias T (0.3 dB loss) Input Matching Circuit Γ_mag = 0.55 Γ_ang = -166° (1.1 dB loss) DUT Output Matching Circuit Γ_mag = 0.35 Γ_ang = 168° (0.9 dB loss) 50 Ohm Transmission Line and Drain Bias T (0.3 dB loss) Output Figure 6. Block diagram of the 2 GHz production test board used for NF, Gain, OIP3 , P1dB and PAE and ACLR measurements. This circuit achieves a tradeoff between optimal OIP3, P1dB and VSWR. Circuit losses have been de-embedded from actual measurements. 1 pF 3.9 nH 50 Ohm .02 λ 1.5 pF RF Input 110 Ohm .03 λ DUT 110 Ohm .03 λ 50 Ohm .02 λ 12 nH 1.5 pF RF Output 47 nH 15 Ohm 2.2 µF Drain Supply 2.2 µF Gate Supply Figure 7. Simplified schematic of production test board. Primary purpose is to show 15 Ohm series resistor placement in gate supply. Transmission line tapers, tee intersections, bias lines and parasitic values are not shown. Gamma Load and Source at Optimum OIP3 and P1dB Tuning Conditions The device’s optimum OIP3 and P1dB measurements were determined using a Maury load pull system at 4.5V, 200 mA quiesent bias: Optimum OIP3 Freq Gamma Source Gamma Load (GHz) Mag Ang (deg) Mag Ang (deg) OIP3 (dBm) Gain (dB) P1dB (dBm) PAE (%) 0.9 0.413 10.5 0.314 42.7 16.0 27.0 54.0 2 0.368 162.0 0.538-176.0 42.5 15.8 27.5 55.3 2.4 0.318 169.0 0.566-169.0 42.0 14.1 27.4 53.5 3.9 0.463-134.0 0.495-159.0 40.3 9.6 27.3 43.9 Optimum P1dB Freq Gamma Source Gamma Load (GHz) Mag Ang (deg) Mag Ang (deg) OIP3 (dBm) Gain (dB) P1dB (dBm) PAE (%) 0.9 0.587 12.7 0.613-172.1 39.1 14.5 29.3 49.6 2 0.614 126.1 0.652-172.5 39.5 12.9 29.3 49.5 2.4 0.649 145.0 0.682-171.5 40.0 12.0 29.4 46.8 3.9 0.552-162.8 0.670-151.2 38.1 9.6 27.9 39.1 179.0 ATF-521P8 Typical Performance Curves (at 25°C unless specified otherwise) Tuned for Optimal OIP3 50 45 50 45 40 45 25 15 150 200 250 300 350 30 25 20 4.5V 4V 3V 20 OIP3 (dBm) 30 10 100 40 35 35 OIP3 (dBm) OIP3 (dBm) 40 4.5V 4V 3V 15 10 100 400 150 200 350 25 4.5V 4V 3V 20 15 400 10 100 150 30 30 30 20 4.5V 4V 3V 15 150 200 250 300 350 P1dB (dBm) 35 P1dB (dBm) 35 25 25 20 10 100 150 200 Idq (mA) 250 300 350 10 100 400 16 11 15 15 10 12 200 250 300 350 14 13 12 4.5V 4V 3V 11 GAIN (dBm) 16 GAIN (dBm) 12 150 200 Id (mA) Figure 14. Small Signal Gain vs Ids and Vds at 2 GHz. 10 100 150 200 250 350 400 300 350 9 8 4.5V 4V 3V 6 400 5 100 150 200 Id (mA) Figure 15. Small Signal Gain vs Ids and Vds at 900 MHz. 250 300 350 400 Id (mA) Figure 16. Small Signal Gain vs Ids and Vds at 3.9 GHz. Note: Bias current for the above charts are quiescent conditions. Actual level may increase depending on amount of RF drive. 300 7 4.5V 4V 3V 11 400 250 Figure 13. P1dB vs. Idq and Vds at 3.9 GHz. 17 10 100 150 Idq (mA) 17 13 400 4.5V 4V 3V 15 Figure 12. P1dB vs. Idq and Vds at 900 MHz. 14 350 20 Idq (mA) Figure 11. P1dB vs. Idq and Vds at 2 GHz. 300 25 4.5V 4V 3V 15 400 250 Figure 10. OIP3 vs. Ids and Vds at 3.9 GHz. 35 10 100 200 Id (mA) Figure 9. OIP3 vs. Ids and Vds at 900 MHz. Figure 8. OIP3 vs. Ids and Vds at 2 GHz. P1dB (dBm) 300 30 Id (mA) Id (mA) GAIN (dBm) 250 35 ATF-521P8 Typical Performance Curves, continued (at 25°C unless specified otherwise) Tuned for Optimal OIP3 70 70 60 60 50 50 50 45 40 40 4.5V 4V 3V 20 150 4.5V 4V 3V 20 200 250 300 350 10 100 400 150 27 40 25 35 30 85°C 25°C -40°C 25 20 2.5 250 300 350 10 100 400 150 200 3 3.5 FREQUENCY (GHz) 21 85°C 25°C -40°C 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 FREQUENCY (GHz) Figure 21. P1dB vs. Temp and Freq tuned for optimal OIP3 at 4.5V, 200 mA. 10 85°C 25°C -40°C 5 4 0 0.5 1 1.5 PAE (%) 50 40 30 0 0.5 85°C 25°C -40°C 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 FREQUENCY (GHz) Figure 23. PAE vs Temp and Freq tuned for optimal OIP3 at 4.5V, 200 mA. Note: Bias current for the above charts are quiescent conditions. Actual level may increase depending on amount of RF drive. 2.5 3 3.5 Figure 22. Gain vs. Temp and Freq tuned for optimal OIP3 at 4.5V, 200 mA. 60 10 2 FREQUENCY (GHz) 70 20 400 15 17 Figure 20. OIP3 vs. Temp and Freq tuned for optimal OIP3 at 4.5V, 200 mA. 350 Figure 19. PAE @ P1dB vs. Idq and Vds at 3.9 GHz. 23 15 0.5 300 20 19 4 250 Idq (mA) GAIN (dB) 45 P1dB (dBm) OIP3 (dBm) 29 2 15 Figure 18. PAE @ P1dB vs. Idq and Vds at 900 MHz. 50 1.5 4.5V 4V 3V Idq (mA) Figure 17. PAE @ P1dB vs. Idq and Vds at 2 GHz. 1 30 20 200 Idq (mA) 15 0.5 35 25 30 30 10 100 PAE (%) PAE (%) PAE (%) 40 4 45 45 50 40 40 45 35 35 30 25 20 10 100 150 200 250 300 30 25 20 4.5V 4V 3V 15 40 OIP3 (dBm) OIP3 (dBm) OIP3 (dBm) ATF-521P8 Typical Performance Curves (at 25°C unless specified otherwise) Tuned for Optimal P1dB 4.5V 4.5V 4V 4V 3V 3V 15 350 10 100 400 150 200 350 25 15 10 100 400 30 30 25 20 4.5V 4V 3V 15 250 300 350 P1db (dBm) 30 P1dB (dBm) 35 200 25 20 4.5V 4V 3V 15 10 100 400 150 200 250 300 350 10 100 400 15 13 13 13 GAIN (dBm) 15 GAIN (dBm) 15 11 9 7 150 200 250 4.5V 4V 3V 150 200 300 350 Id (mA) Figure 30. Gain vs Ids and Vds at 2 GHz. 5 100 150 200 250 350 400 300 350 4.5V 4V 3V 11 7 400 5 100 150 200 Figure 31. Gain vs Ids and Vds at 900 MHz. 250 300 350 400 Id (mA) Id (mA) Figure 32. Gain vs Ids and Vds at 3.9 GHz. Note: Bias current for the above charts are quiescent conditions. Actual level may increase depending on amount of RF drive. 300 9 4.5V 4V 3V 7 400 250 Figure 29. P1dB vs. Idq and Vds at 3.9 GHz. 17 4.5V 4V 3V 400 Idq (mA) 17 9 350 20 17 11 300 15 Figure 28. P1dB vs. Idq and Vds at 900 MHz. Figure 27. P1dB vs. Idq and Vds at 2 GHz. 250 25 Idq (mA) Idq (mA) 5 100 200 Figure 26. OIP3 vs. Ids and Vds at 3.9 GHz. 35 150 150 Id (mA) 35 10 100 4.5V 4V 3V 20 Figure 25. OIP3 vs. Ids and Vds at 900 MHz. Figure 24. OIP3 vs. Ids and Vds at 2 GHz. P1dB (dBm) 300 30 Id (mA) Id (mA) GAIN (dBm) 250 35 ATF-521P8 Typical Performance Curves, continued (at 25°C unless specified otherwise) Tuned for Optimal P1dB 60 55 55 50 35 4.5V 4V 3V 30 25 150 200 PAE (%) 40 20 100 35 45 45 PAE (%) PAE (%) 50 40 40 35 30 4.5V 4V 3V 25 250 300 350 20 100 400 150 200 250 300 350 20 100 400 150 200 50 32 45 30 Figure 35. PAE @ P1dB vs. Idq and Vds at 3.9 GHz. 20 30 85°C 25°C -40°C 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 GAIN (dB) P1dB (dBm) 35 20 26 24 85°C 25°C -40°C 22 4 20 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 FREQUENCY (GHz) FREQUENCY (GHz) Figure 37. P1dB vs. Temp and Freq (tuned for optimal P1dB at 4.5V, 200 mA). Figure 36. OIP3 vs. Temp and Freq tuned for optimal P1dB at 4.5V, 200 mA. 10 85°C 25°C -40°C 5 4 0 0.5 1 1.5 40 30 85°C 25°C -40°C 10 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 2.5 3 3.5 Figure 38. Gain vs. Temp and Freq tuned for optimal P1dB at 4.5V, 200 mA. 50 20 2 FREQUENCY (GHz) 60 PAE (%) 400 28 25 4 FREQUENCY (GHz) Figure 39. PAE vs Temp and Freq tuned for optimal P1dB at 4.5V. Note: Bias current for the above charts are quiescent conditions. Actual level may increase depending on amount of RF drive. 350 15 40 0 0.5 300 250 Idq (mA) Figure 34. PAE @ P1dB vs. Idq and Vds at 900 MHz. Figure 33. PAE @ P1dB vs. Idq and Vds at 2 GHz. OIP3 (dBm) 4.5V 4V 3V 25 Idq (mA) Idq (mA) 15 0.5 30 4 ATF-521P8 Typical Scattering Parameters at 25°C, VDS = 4.5V, IDS = 280 mA Freq. S11 GHz Mag. Ang. 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 dB 0.613-96.9 33.2 0.780-131.8 30.0 0.831-147.2 27.3 0.855-156.4 25.1 0.860-162.0 23.5 0.878-166.7 22.0 0.888-170.2 20.8 0.887-172.6 19.7 0.894-174.5 18.7 0.886-177.2 17.9 0.892 175.0 14.3 0.883 168.7 12.1 0.890 162.8 10.2 0.884 157.2 8.6 0.890 146.6 6.1 0.893 137.0 4.1 0.896 127.9 2.3 0.906 119.5 0.9 0.882 105.6-0.8 0.887 96.4-1.7 0.887 84.6-2.9 0.882 72.3-3.9 0.878 62.2-5.0 0.894 52.0-6.4 0.888 42.0-7.6 0.884 34.6-8.3 0.830 24.7-9.5 0.708 11.0-9.0 0.790-12.7-10.3 S21 Mag. Ang. dB 45.79 141.7-39.5 31.50 121.6-36.7 23.26 111.0-36.2 18.04 104.1-35.4 14.98 99.7-35.2 12.62 95.6-35.0 10.95 92.8-34.6 9.63 90.0-34.3 8.65 87.9-33.7 7.82 85.4-33.8 5.20 76.3-32.8 4.01 68.4-31.2 3.24 61.5-30.0 2.71 54.5-28.9 2.02 40.6-27.0 1.60 27.6-25.5 1.31 15.4-24.2 1.11 3.7-22.9 0.92-9.8-21.3 0.82-22.2-20.1 0.72-33.6-19.3 0.64-45.8-18.5 0.56-57.0-18.0 0.48-67.8-17.8 0.42-76.2-17.3 0.38-84.3-16.6 0.34-92.8-16.1 0.35-99.5-15.4 0.31-93.1-16.4 S12 Mag. Ang. S22 Mag. Ang. 0.011 51.3 0.015 37.1 0.015 30.6 0.017 28.2 0.017 27.4 0.018 26.1 0.019 27.4 0.019 28.9 0.021 28.5 0.020 30.3 0.023 34.6 0.027 36.7 0.032 36.8 0.036 39.2 0.045 36.1 0.053 32.4 0.061 28.2 0.071 22.9 0.086 14.5 0.098 7.2 0.109-1.0 0.119-10.5 0.126-19.8 0.130-28.6 0.137-36.1 0.147-42.9 0.156-52.4 0.169-63.8 0.152-82.8 0.317-108.3 36.2 0.423-138.5 33.2 0.466-152.4 31.9 0.483-159.9 30.3 0.488-163.8 29.5 0.496-167.0 28.5 0.497-169.9 27.6 0.500-171.7 27.0 0.501-173.6 26.1 0.502-175.7 25.9 0.502 178.8 23.5 0.492 173.6 20.2 0.490 169.8 18.5 0.494 165.7 16.2 0.505 157.8 13.8 0.529 150.3 11.9 0.551 142.9 10.4 0.570 135.5 9.6 0.567 127.3 6.8 0.585 117.8 6.2 0.593 107.3 5.0 0.617 97.1 3.9 0.636 86.0 2.8 0.662 74.7 2.1 0.697 67.5 0.9 0.732 58.7 0.3 0.752 51.9-1.8 0.816 46.1-2.2 0.660 41.2-4.3 40.0 Freq Fmin Γopt Γopt 30.0 GHz dB Mag. Ang. 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 1.20 1.30 1.61 1.68 2.12 2.77 2.58 2.85 3.35 0.47 170.00 0.53-177.00 0.61-166.34 0.69-155.85 0.67-146.98 0.71-134.35 0.79-125.22 0.82-115.35 0.73-105.76 Rn 2.8 2.6 2.7 4.0 8.4 19.0 26.7 47.2 65.2 Ga dB 22.8 20.1 17.3 14.4 11.6 9.9 8.8 7.5 5.7 MSG/MAG and |S21|2 (dB) Typical Noise Parameters at 25°C, VDS = 4.5V, IDS = 280 mA MSG/MAG dB MSG 20.0 10.0 MAG 0.0 S21 -10.0 -20.0 0 5 10 15 20 FREQUENCY (GHz) Figure 40. MSG/MAG and |S21|2 vs. Frequency at 4.5V, 280 mA. Notes: 1. Fmin values at 2 GHz and higher are based on measurements while the Fmins below 2 GHz have been extrapolated. The Fmin values are based on a set of 16 noise figure measurements made at 16 different impedances using an ATN NP5 test system. From these measurements a true Fmin is calculated. Refer to the noise parameter application section for more information. 2. S and noise parameters are measured on a microstrip line made on 0.025 inch thick alumina carrier. The input reference plane is at the end of the gate lead. The output reference plane is at the end of the drain lead. ATF-521P8 Typical Scattering Parameters, VDS = 4.5V, IDS = 200 mA Freq. S11 GHz Mag. Ang. dB S21 Mag. Ang. 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 52.21 135.6-37.9 33.39 115.7-35.6 23.90 106.3-34.9 18.25 100.5-34.7 15.12 96.6-34.4 12.66 92.9-34.1 10.95 90.5-33.7 9.59 88.0-33.6 8.64 86.2-33.1 7.78 83.7-33.1 5.17 75.7-32.1 4.00 67.8-30.8 3.22 61.3-29.8 2.69 54.5-28.6 2.00 40.7-26.8 1.59 28.3-25.2 1.30 16.4-24.0 1.11 4.8-22.8 0.90-8.8-21.3 0.83-20.1-20.2 0.72-32.1-19.3 0.66-43.7-18.5 0.57-54.1-18.0 0.48-66.2-17.7 0.44-74.0-17.2 0.41-80.6-16.9 0.38-83.4-16.2 0.32-90.1-15.4 0.25-102.3-16.7 0.823-89.9 34.4 0.873-128.7 30.5 0.879-145.5 27.6 0.885-155.1 25.2 0.883-161.1 23.6 0.897-165.9 22.1 0.895-169.5 20.8 0.894-171.9 19.6 0.900-174.7 18.7 0.893-176.6 17.8 0.894 175.3 14.3 0.889 168.5 12.0 0.888 162.6 10.2 0.892 157.0 8.6 0.884 146.5 6.0 0.891 137.0 4.0 0.889 127.9 2.3 0.902 119.6 0.9 0.881 105.6-0.9 0.891 96.0-1.7 0.876 83.9-2.9 0.885 73.1-3.6 0.885 60.9-4.8 0.893 53.0-6.3 0.889 42.2-7.2 0.894 34.3-7.8 0.840 25.0-8.4 0.719 9.1-10.0 0.794-8.1-12.2 dB Typical Noise Parameters, VDS = 4.5V, IDS = 200 mA Fmin Γopt Γopt Rn GHz dB Mag. Ang. 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 0.60 0.72 0.96 1.11 1.44 1.75 1.99 2.12 2.36 0.30 130.00 0.35 150.00 0.47-175.47 0.57-162.03 0.62-150.00 0.69-136.20 0.74-127.35 0.80-116.83 0.69-108.38 2.8 2.6 1.9 2.1 4.5 10.0 17.0 28.5 35.6 S22 Mag. Ang. MSG/MAG dB 0.013 46.2 0.017 32.0 0.018 27.0 0.018 25.8 0.019 24.8 0.020 24.2 0.021 24.2 0.021 25.3 0.022 26.2 0.022 27.6 0.025 32.6 0.029 33.6 0.032 35.2 0.037 35.6 0.046 34.4 0.055 30.5 0.063 26.4 0.072 21.0 0.086 13.3 0.098 5.6 0.108-3.2 0.119-12.1 0.126-21.6 0.131-29.9 0.138-36.7 0.143-44.1 0.154-54.3 0.171-64.8 0.147-84.1 0.388-113.0 36.0 0.478-143.2 32.9 0.507-156.0 31.2 0.518-163.1 30.1 0.519-166.7 29.0 0.525-169.6 28.0 0.526-172.2 27.2 0.528-174.0 26.6 0.528-175.6 25.9 0.529-177.7 25.5 0.527 177.2 23.2 0.516 172.1 21.4 0.514 168.1 18.4 0.517 164.0 16.7 0.526 156.0 13.5 0.548 148.3 11.9 0.568 141.0 10.1 0.584 133.5 9.4 0.580 124.9 6.7 0.594 115.8 6.4 0.600 105.3 4.6 0.622 95.0 4.2 0.641 84.1 3.0 0.663 73.1 2.1 0.698 65.7 1.2 0.732 57.4 1.0 0.750 51.0-0.8 0.815 44.5-3.2 0.655 40.4-5.9 40.0 Ga dB 20.2 18.4 16.5 13.8 11.2 9.8 8.7 7.5 5.7 MSG/MAG and |S21|2 (dB) Freq S12 Mag. Ang. 30.0 MSG 20.0 10.0 MAG 0.0 S21 -10.0 -20.0 0 5 10 15 20 FREQUENCY (GHz) Figure 41. MSG/MAG and |S21|2 vs. Frequency at 4.5V, 200 mA. Notes: 1. Fmin values at 2 GHz and higher are based on measurements while the Fmins below 2 GHz have been extrapolated. The Fmin values are based on a set of 16 noise figure measurements made at 16 different impedances using an ATN NP5 test system. From these measurements a true Fmin is calculated. Refer to the noise parameter application section for more information. 2. S and noise parameters are measured on a microstrip line made on 0.025 inch thick alumina carrier. The input reference plane is at the end of the gate lead. The output reference plane is at the end of the drain lead. 10 ATF-521P8 Typical Scattering Parameters, VDS = 4.5V, IDS = 120 mA Freq. S11 GHz Mag. Ang. 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 dB 0.913-84.6 34.2 0.900-125.0 30.3 0.896-142.0 27.4 0.893-152.3 25.1 0.882-158.4 23.4 0.895-164.2 21.8 0.893-167.8 20.6 0.895-170.8 19.5 0.897-173.0 18.5 0.895-175.5 17.6 0.893 176.0 14.1 0.889 169.2 11.8 0.882 163.6 10.0 0.888 157.9 8.4 0.883 146.8 5.9 0.885 137.7 3.8 0.892 128.0 2.1 0.894 120.4 0.6 0.880 105.7-1.0 0.876 96.5-1.9 0.879 84.4-3.0 0.889 72.8-3.8 0.881 62.4-5.2 0.893 54.0-6.3 0.891 42.1-7.2 0.888 34.1-8.3 0.845 25.3-9.1 0.828 13.2-11.2 0.827-10.2-11.0 S21 Mag. Ang. dB 51.26 135.4-36.4 32.80 115.4-33.9 23.39 106.1-33.4 17.89 100.3-32.9 14.75 96.3-32.6 12.36 92.9-32.7 10.71 90.5-32.4 9.39 88.0-32.3 8.44 86.1-32.2 7.59 83.6-31.8 5.07 75.3-31.1 3.89 67.8-30.0 3.15 61.2-29.0 2.62 54.6-28.2 1.97 40.7-26.5 1.55 28.2-25.2 1.28 16.7-24.0 1.08 5.1-22.8 0.89-8.7-21.2 0.81-20.8-20.1 0.71-32.7-19.3 0.65-44.3-18.6 0.55-56.0-18.1 0.48-66.6-17.7 0.44-72.6-17.3 0.39-79.2-16.8 0.35-89.6-16.1 0.28-95.9-15.6 0.28-92.5-16.6 Typical Noise Parameters, VDS = 4.5V, IDS = 120 mA Fmin Γopt Γopt Rn GHz dB Mag. Ang. 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 0.60 0.72 0.81 0.92 1.24 1.50 1.60 1.88 2.02 0.19 162.00 0.30 164.00 0.44 176.97 0.56-164.98 0.59-155.51 0.70-136.55 0.75-128.59 0.81-117.31 0.68-109.54 3.0 2.6 2.0 2.0 3.4 11.1 16.0 24.0 28.8 Mag. S22 Ang. MSG/MAG dB 0.015 49.0 0.020 31.2 0.021 25.3 0.023 23.5 0.023 22.5 0.023 20.6 0.024 20.4 0.024 21.1 0.025 22.1 0.026 23.0 0.028 25.5 0.032 27.9 0.036 30.2 0.039 30.2 0.047 29.7 0.055 26.3 0.063 21.9 0.072 18.2 0.087 10.6 0.099 3.2 0.108-5.2 0.118-13.5 0.125-23.1 0.130-31.4 0.136-38.4 0.144-45.9 0.157-55.0 0.167-64.2 0.147-86.1 0.423-106.6 35.3 0.499-139.4 32.1 0.522-153.4 30.5 0.530-161.1 28.9 0.531-165.0 28.1 0.537-168.4 27.3 0.537-171.2 26.5 0.539-173.1 25.9 0.539-174.8 25.3 0.540-176.9 24.7 0.538 177.4 22.6 0.528 172.2 20.8 0.526 168.1 19.4 0.528 163.9 16.9 0.536 155.7 13.6 0.556 148.1 11.6 0.576 140.5 10.2 0.591 133.1 8.9 0.585 124.3 6.6 0.602 114.9 5.7 0.605 104.5 4.7 0.624 94.2 4.3 0.642 83.4 2.7 0.664 72.4 2.2 0.697 65.1 1.2 0.732 56.7 0.4 0.751 50.4-1.5 0.821 44.0-3.9 0.654 39.9-4.3 40.0 Ga dB 20.0 18.3 15.9 13.6 11.1 9.7 8.7 7.6 5.6 MSG/MAG and |S21|2 (dB) Freq S12 Mag. Ang. 30.0 MSG 20.0 10.0 MAG 0.0 S21 -10.0 -20.0 0 5 10 15 20 FREQUENCY (GHz) Figure 42. MSG/MAG and |S21|2 vs. Frequency at 4.5V, 120 mA. Notes: 1. Fmin values at 2 GHz and higher are based on measurements while the Fmins below 2 GHz have been extrapolated. The Fmin values are based on a set of 16 noise figure measurements made at 16 different impedances using an ATN NP5 test system. From these measurements a true Fmin is calculated. Refer to the noise parameter application section for more information. 2. S and noise parameters are measured on a microstrip line made on 0.025 inch thick alumina carrier. The input reference plane is at the end of the gate lead. The output reference plane is at the end of the drain lead. 11 ATF-521P8 Typical Scattering Parameters, VDS = 4V, IDS = 200 mA Freq. S11 GHz Mag. Ang. dB S21 Mag. Ang. 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 51.89 134.8-37.7 32.88 115.0-35.4 23.48 105.8-35.1 17.91 100.1-34.4 14.80 96.3-34.2 12.37 92.7-34.2 10.74 90.5-33.6 9.39 88.1-33.5 8.47 85.9-33.3 7.61 84.0-32.9 5.06 75.7-32.1 3.91 68.1-30.7 3.15 61.7-29.5 2.63 55.1-28.4 1.97 41.5-26.7 1.57 29.4-25.1 1.28 17.7-23.9 1.09 6.3-22.6 0.90-7.1-21.1 0.82-19.3-20.1 0.72-30.9-19.2 0.65-42.8-18.6 0.58-53.3-18.0 0.49-63.4-17.7 0.44-73.5-17.2 0.39-80.2-16.8 0.36-85.3-16.2 0.32-90.9-15.5 0.31-95.1-16.6 0.843-90.5 34.3 0.879-129.3 30.3 0.888-146.1 27.4 0.892-155.6 25.1 0.886-161.5 23.4 0.896-165.7 21.8 0.897-169.5 20.6 0.898-172.2 19.5 0.896-174.9 18.6 0.896-176.7 17.6 0.898 175.2 14.1 0.887 168.0 11.8 0.893 162.8 10.0 0.886 156.9 8.4 0.887 146.6 5.9 0.894 136.8 3.9 0.898 127.4 2.1 0.896 119.7 0.7 0.879 105.4-0.9 0.888 95.0-1.7 0.872 84.1-2.9 0.880 72.4-3.8 0.875 60.4-4.8 0.908 52.4-6.2 0.898 41.3-7.1 0.888 34.1-8.2 0.815 24.1-8.9 0.725 11.3-9.9 0.792-9.8-10.2 dB Typical Noise Parameters, VDS = 4V, IDS = 200 mA Fmin Γopt Γopt GHz dB Mag. Ang. Rn 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 0.67 0.74 0.96 1.24 1.44 1.62 1.83 1.99 2.21 0.21 155.00 0.30 164.00 0.46-176.61 0.57-162.19 0.62-152.18 0.69-135.43 0.74-127.94 0.82-117.20 0.71-108.96 2.8 2.6 2.1 2.8 4.5 10.0 17.0 27.7 35.3 Mag. S22 0.013 46.5 0.017 32.1 0.018 26.0 0.019 25.1 0.020 24.6 0.020 24.1 0.021 24.7 0.021 24.4 0.022 26.5 0.023 26.3 0.025 29.9 0.029 35.2 0.034 35.8 0.038 35.8 0.046 33.2 0.056 29.6 0.064 25.5 0.074 20.4 0.088 12.4 0.099 4.7 0.110-4.3 0.118-12.9 0.126-22.8 0.130-31.4 0.138-38.0 0.144-45.6 0.156-54.7 0.167-66.0 0.147-84.8 0.408-118.1 36.0 0.507-146.1 32.9 0.539-158.3 31.2 0.549-164.8 29.7 0.551-168.2 28.7 0.556-170.9 27.9 0.557-173.5 27.1 0.559-175.2 26.5 0.559-176.9 25.9 0.560-178.7 25.2 0.558 176.0 23.1 0.547 170.9 21.3 0.545 166.9 18.9 0.547 162.6 16.3 0.554 154.3 13.6 0.572 146.6 11.9 0.590 139.0 10.3 0.603 131.6 8.9 0.594 122.7 6.6 0.609 113.2 6.1 0.610 102.9 4.4 0.629 92.6 3.8 0.647 81.9 2.8 0.666 71.0 2.6 0.699 64.0 1.5 0.734 55.9 0.5 0.750 49.3-1.7 0.809 43.5-3.1 0.652 39.7-4.2 Ang. MSG/MAG dB 40.0 Ga dB 20.1 18.4 16.4 13.9 11.4 10.0 8.7 7.7 5.9 MSG/MAG and |S21|2 (dB) Freq S12 Mag. Ang. 30.0 MSG 20.0 10.0 MAG 0.0 S21 -10.0 -20.0 0 5 10 15 20 FREQUENCY (GHz) Figure 43. MSG/MAG and |S21|2 vs. Frequency at 4V, 200 mA. Notes: 1. Fmin values at 2 GHz and higher are based on measurements while the Fmins below 2 GHz have been extrapolated. The Fmin values are based on a set of 16 noise figure measurements made at 16 different impedances using an ATN NP5 test system. From these measurements a true Fmin is calculated. Refer to the noise parameter application section for more information. 2. S and noise parameters are measured on a microstrip line made on 0.025 inch thick alumina carrier. The input reference plane is at the end of the gate lead. The output reference plane is at the end of the drain lead. 12 ATF-521P8 Typical Scattering Parameters, VDS = 3V, IDS = 200 mA Freq. S11 GHz Mag. Ang. dB S21 Mag. Ang. 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 48.20 132.4-36.8 29.66 113.2-34.9 21.06 104.4-34.1 16.00 99.1-34.0 13.20 95.6-33.6 11.00 92.3-33.2 9.51 90.2-33.2 8.35 87.8-33.0 7.51 86.3-32.9 6.76 84.2-32.5 4.50 76.4-31.5 3.49 69.1-29.9 2.82 63.0-29.0 2.35 56.9-27.7 1.76 43.8-26.1 1.41 32.1-24.5 1.16 21.6-23.4 0.98 10.3-22.1 0.83-2.3-20.7 0.76-13.0-19.8 0.67-26.0-18.9 0.60-36.3-18.3 0.54-47.4-17.8 0.47-57.9-17.6 0.42-62.8-17.2 0.39-74.7-16.8 0.33-78.2-16.3 0.33-90.8-15.8 0.26-92.8-17.0 0.867-94.6 33.7 0.894-132.9 29.4 0.899-148.2 26.5 0.896-157.2 24.1 0.892-162.8 22.4 0.910-167.4 20.8 0.906-170.8 19.6 0.902-173.6 18.4 0.907-175.2 17.5 0.902-177.7 16.6 0.900 174.2 13.1 0.896 168.1 10.8 0.896 162.3 9.0 0.887 156.7 7.4 0.890 145.7 4.9 0.898 136.3 3.0 0.896 127.4 1.3 0.904 119.4-0.2 0.877 104.9-1.6 0.883 94.8-2.4 0.877 83.1-3.5 0.875 71.7-4.4 0.863 60.6-5.4 0.910 51.6-6.5 0.868 40.9-7.5 0.863 33.4-8.1 0.835 25.2-9.6 0.720 11.2-9.5 0.780-7.7-11.6 dB Typical Noise Parameters, VDS = 3V, IDS = 200 mA Fmin Γopt Γopt Rn GHz dB Mag. Ang. 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 0.66 0.72 0.87 1.00 1.32 1.49 1.59 1.79 1.96 0.22 147.00 0.30 160.00 0.42-179.94 0.59-163.63 0.63-153.81 0.72-135.10 0.74-128.97 0.78-117.68 0.70-110.04 2.9 2.6 1.9 1.6 3.7 10.0 15.0 25.1 29.2 Mag. S22 MSG/MAG Ang. dB 0.014 45.1 0.018 28.5 0.020 23.2 0.020 23.7 0.021 24.5 0.022 22.9 0.022 23.9 0.022 24.6 0.023 27.0 0.024 26.9 0.027 32.7 0.032 32.9 0.036 34.3 0.041 35.0 0.050 32.2 0.059 28.3 0.068 23.5 0.078 17.7 0.092 9.0 0.102 1.3 0.113-7.3 0.121-16.6 0.128-25.1 0.132-33.6 0.138-40.4 0.144-47.6 0.154-56.8 0.161-67.6 0.142-85.1 0.482-132.4 35.4 0.601-154.2 32.2 0.636-163.8 30.2 0.647-169.2 29.0 0.650-171.9 28.0 0.655-174.4 27.0 0.657-176.7 26.4 0.658-178.2 25.8 0.660-179.5 25.1 0.659 178.6 24.5 0.656 173.4 22.2 0.647 167.9 20.4 0.642 163.7 18.6 0.643 159.2 15.6 0.645 150.4 12.9 0.659 142.1 11.3 0.671 134.3 9.5 0.677 126.6 8.5 0.651 117.0 5.9 0.661 107.2 5.3 0.657 96.8 4.0 0.670 86.7 3.1 0.680 76.2 1.9 0.694 65.9 2.3 0.721 59.3 0.2 0.748 51.3-0.2 0.758 44.9-2.1 0.818 39.4-2.6 0.655 37.1-5.7 40.0 Ga dB 20.0 18.3 16.0 13.7 11.3 9.9 8.5 7.6 5.6 MSG/MAG and |S21|2 (dB) Freq S12 Mag. Ang. 30.0 MSG 20.0 10.0 MAG 0.0 S21 -10.0 -20.0 0 5 10 15 20 FREQUENCY (GHz) Figure 44. MSG/MAG and |S21|2 vs. Frequency at 3V, 200 mA. Notes: 1. Fmin values at 2 GHz and higher are based on measurements while the Fmins below 2 GHz have been extrapolated. The Fmin values are based on a set of 16 noise figure measurements made at 16 different impedances using an ATN NP5 test system. From these measurements a true Fmin is calculated. Refer to the noise parameter application section for more information. 2. S and noise parameters are measured on a microstrip line made on 0.025 inch thick alumina carrier. The input reference plane is at the end of the gate lead. The output reference plane is at the end of the drain lead. 13 ATF-521P8 Applications Information Description Avago Technologies' ATF-521P8 is an enhancement mode PHEMT designed for high linearity and medium power applications. With an OIP3 of 42 dBm and a 1dB compression point of 26 dBm, ATF-521P8 is well suited as a base station transmit driver or a first or second stage LNA in a receive chain. Whether the design is for a W-CDMA, CDMA, or GSM basestation, this device delivers good linearity in the form of OIP3 or ACLR, which is required for standards with high peak to average ratios. Application Guidelines The ATF-521P8 device operates as a normal FET requiring input and output matching as well as DC biasing. Unlike a depletion mode transistor, this en‑ hancement mode device only requires a single positive power supply, which means a positive voltage is placed on the drain and gate in order for the transistor to turn on. This application note walks through the RF and DC design employed in a single FET amplifier. Included in this description is an active feedback scheme to accom‑ plish this DC biasing. return loss will not be greater than 10 dB. For most ap‑ plications, a designer requires VSWR greater than 2:1, hence limiting the input match close to S11*. Normally, the input return loss of a single ended amplifier is not critical as most basestation LNA and driver amplifiers are in a balanced configuration with 90° (quadrature) couplers. Proceeding from the same premise, the output match of this device becomes much simpler. As background information, it is important to note that OIP3 is largely dependant on the output match and that output return loss is also required to be greater than 10 dB. So, Figure 2 shows how both good output return loss and good linearity could be achieved simultaneously with the same impedance point. Of course, these points are valid only at 2 GHz, and other frequencies will follow the same design rules but will have different locations. Also, the location of these points is largely due to the manufacturing process and partly due to IC layout, but in either case beyond the scope of this application note. RF Input & Output Matching In order to achieve maximum linearity, the appropri‑ ate input (Γs) and output (ΓL) impedances must be presented to the device. Correctly matching from these impedances to 50Ωs will result in maximum linearity. Although ATF-521P8 may be used in other impedance systems, data collected for this data sheet is all refer‑ enced to a 50Ω system. The input load pull parameter at 2 GHz is shown in Figure 1 along with the optimum S11 conjugate match. ΓS S11* 3 dB 5 dB 9 dB B 16 d s n Los Retur Figure 1. Input Match for ATF-521P GHz.8 Figure 1. Input Match for ATF-521P8 at 2 GHz. Thus, it should be obvious from the illustration above that if this device is matched for maximum return loss i.e. S11*, then OIP3 will be sacrificed. Conversely, if ATF-521P8 is matched for maximum linearity, then 14 ΓL S22* Figure Output GHz. Figure 2. 2. Output MatchMatch atat2 2 GHz. Once a designer has chosen the proper input and output impedance points, the next step is to choose the correct topology to accomplish this match. For example to perform the above output impedance transformation from 50Ω to the given load parameter of 0.53∠-176°, two possible solutions exist. The first potential match is a high pass configuration accomplished by a shunt inductor and a series capacitor shown in Figure 3 along with its frequency response in Figure 4. RFin C1 RFout L1 Figure 3. High Pass Circuit Topology. Amp Frequency Figure 4. High Pass Frequency Response. The second solution is a low pass configuration with a shunt capacitor and a series inductor shown in Figure 5 and 6. RFin L1 RFout Figure 7 displays the input and output matching selected for ATF-521P8. In this example the input and output match both essentially function as high pass filters, but the high frequency gain of the device rolls off precipitously giving a narrow band frequency response, yet still wide enough to accommodate a CDMA or WCDMA transmit band. For more information on RF matching techniques refer to MGA-53543 application note. Passive Bias [1] Once the RF matching has been established, the next step is to DC bias the device. A passive biasing example is shown in Figure 8. In this example the voltage drop across resistor R3 sets the drain current (Id) and is calcu‑ lated by the following equation: C1 Figure 5. Low Pass Circuit Topology. R3 = Vdd – Vds Amp Ids + Ibb (1) p where, Vdd is the power supply voltage; Frequency Vds is the device drain to source voltage; Figure 6. Low Pass Frequency Response. The actual values of these components may be calcu‑ lated by hand on a Smith Chart or more accurately done on simulation software such as ADS. There are some advantages and disadvantages of choosing a high pass versus a low pass. For instance, a high pass circuit cuts off low frequency gain, which narrows the usable bandwidth of the amplifier, but consequently helps avoid potential low frequency instability problems. A low pass match offers a much broader frequency response, but it has two major disadvantages. First it has the potential for low frequency instability, and second it creates the need for an extra DC blocking capacitor on the input in order to isolate the device gate from the preceding stages. RFin Ids is the device drain to source current; Ibb for DC stability is 10X the typical gate current; A voltage divider network with R1 and R2 establishes the typical gate bias voltage (Vg). R1 = Vg Ibb R2 = (Vdd – Vg) x R1 Vg Zo L1 C2 Amp Amp Amp + + Frequency Figure 7. Input and Output Match for ATF‑521P8 at 2 GHz. 15 Total Response Output Match ATF-521P8 Input Match Frequency RFout Zo 52 = Frequency (3) Often the series resistor, R4, is added to enhance the low frequency stability. The complete passive bias example may be found in reference [1]. C3 C1 Amp (2) p Frequency C1 INPUT C4 Q1 Zo L1 C2 R4 To calculate the values of R1, R2, R3, and R4 the following parameters must be know or chosen first: OUTPUT Zo Ids is the device drain-to-source current; L4 C5 IR is the Reference current for active bias; C3 R3 C6 Ib Vdd is the power supply voltage available; Vds is the device drain-to-source voltage; R5 Vg is the typical gate bias; R2 R1 Vbe1 is the typical Base-Emitter turn on voltage for Q1 & Q2; Vdd Figure 8. Passive Biasing. Active Bias [2] Due to very high DC power dissipation and small package constraints, it is recommended that ATF-521P8 use active biasing. The main advantage of an active biasing scheme is the ability to hold the drain to source current constant over a wide range of temperature variations. A very inexpensive method of accomplishing this is to use two PNP bipolar transistors arranged in a current mirror configuration as shown in Figure 9. Due to resistors R1 and R3, this circuit is not acting as a true current mirror, but if the voltage drop across R1 and R3 is kept identical then it still displays some of the more useful characteristics of a current mirror. For example, transistor Q1 is configured with its base and collector tied together. This acts as a simple PN junction, which helps temperature compensate the Emitter-Base junction of Q2. R2 Q1 Vdd R4 Vg C3 C5 R6 R5 C8 L3 L2 RFin C1 L1 C2 Figure 9. Active Bias Circuit. 16 C7 2 2PL RFout 7 ATF-521P8 IC2 is chosen for stability to be 10 times the typical gate current and also equal to the reference current IR. The next three equations are used to calculate the rest of the biasing resistors for Figure 9. Note that the voltage drop across R1 must be set equal to the voltage drop across R3, but with a current of IR. R1 = Vdd – Vds (5) IR R2 sets the bias current through Q1. R2 = Vds – Vbe1 (6) IR p p Thus, by forcing the emitter voltage (VE) of transistor Q1 equal to Vds, this circuit regulates the drain current similar to a current mirror. As long as Q2 operates in the forward active mode, this holds true. In other words, the Collector-Base junction of Q2 must be kept reversed biased. Q2 C4 p where, IC 2 C6 R3 Vds Ids + IC2 R4 sets the gate voltage for ATF‑521P8. R4 = Vg (7) R1 VE Therefore, resistor R3, which sets the desired device drain current, is calculated as follows: R3 = Vdd – Vds (4) L4 PCB Layout A recommended PCB pad layout for the Leadless Plastic Chip Carrier (LPCC) package used by the ATF-521P8 is shown in Figure 10. This layout provides plenty of plated through hole vias for good thermal and RF grounding. It also provides a good transition from microstrip to the device package. For more detailed dimensions refer to Section 9 of the data sheet. This simplifies RF grounding by reducing the amount of inductance from the source to ground. It is also recommended to ground pins 1 and 4 since they are also connected to the device source. Pins 3, 5, 6, and 8 are not connected, but may be used to help dissipate heat from the package or for better alignment when soldering the device. This three-layer board (Figure 12) contains a 10-mil layer and a 52-mil layer separated by a ground plane. The first layer is Getek RG200D material with dielectric constant of 3.8. The second layer is for mechanical rigidity and consists of FR4 with dielectric constant of 4.2. High Linearity Tx Driver Figure 10. Microstripline Layout. RF Grounding Pin 8 Pin 7 (Drain) Pin 6 Pin 5 Source (Thermal/RF Gnd) Unlike SOT packages, ATF-521P8 is housed in a leadless package with the die mounted directly to the lead frame or the belly of the package shown in Figure 11. Pin 1 (Source) Pin 2 (Gate) Pin 3 Pin 4 (Source) The need for higher data rates and increased voice capacity gave rise to a new third generation standard know as Wideband CDMA or UMTS. This new standard requires higher performance from radio components such as higher dynamic range and better linearity. For example, a WCDMA waveform has a very high peak to average ratio which forces amplifiers in a transmit chain to have very good Adjacent Channel Leakage power Ratio or ACLR, or else operate in a backed off mode. If the amplifier is not backed off then the waveform is compressed and the signal becomes very nonlinear. This application example presents a highly linear transmit drive for use in the 2.14GHz frequency range. Using the RF matching techniques described earlier, ATF-521P8 is matched to the following input and output impedances: Bottom View Figure 11. LPCC Package for ATF-521P8. BCV62B C5 R2 R3 0 R4 R1 C6 R6 R5 C4 C3 short Figure 12. ATF-521P8 demoboard. 17 J2 L3 L1 0 C8 L4 C1 C2 L2 J1 C7 Input Match Output Match 2PL Table 1. Resistors for Active Bias. 50 Ohm 50 Ohm S11* = 0.89∠ -169 ΓL = 0.53∠ -176 Figure 13. ATF-521P8 Matching. Resistor Calculated Actual R1 50Ω 49.9Ω R2 385Ω 383Ω R3 2.38Ω 2.37Ω As described previously the input impedance must be matched to S11* in order to guarantee return loss greater than 10 dB. A high pass network is chosen for this match. The output is matched to ΓL with another high pass network. The next step is to choose the proper DC biasing conditions. From the data sheet, ATF-521P8 produces good linearity at a drain current of 200mA and a drain to source voltage of 4.5V. Thus to construct the active bias circuit described, the following parameters are given: R4 62Ω 61.9Ω Ids = 200 mA Performance of ATF-521P8 at 2140 MHz IR = 10 mA ATF-521P8 delivers excellent performance in the WCDMA frequency band. With a drain-to-source voltage of 4.5V and a drain current of 200 mA, this device has 16.5 dB of gain and 1.55 dB of noise figure as show in Figure 15. The entire circuit schematic for a 2.14 GHz Tx driver amplifier is shown below in Figure 14. Capacitors C4, C5, and C6 are added as a low frequency bypass. These terminate second order harmonics and help improve linearity. Resistors R5 and R6 also help terminate low frequencies, and can prevent resonant frequencies between the two bypass capacitors. Vdd = 5 V Vds = 4.5V Vg = 0.62V Vbe1 = 0.65 V Using equations 4, 5, 6, and 7, the biasing resistor values are calculated in column 2 of table 1, and the actual values used are listed in column 3. IR R2=383Ω R1=49.9Ω Q1 Vg Q2 R4=61.9Ω C4=1µF C3=4.7pF Vbe1+ C5=1µF Vds R3=2.37Ω IC2 C6=.1µF R6=1.2Ω R5=10Ω C7=150pF L3=39nH L2=12nH RFin C1=1.2pF L1=1.0nH C2=1.5nH Figure 14. 2140 MHz Schematic. 18 +5V C8=1.5pF 2 2PL 7 ATF-521P8 RFout L4=3.9nH 20 45 Gain 40 OIP3 (dBm) GAIN and NF (dB) 15 10 35 5 30 NF 0 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 25 2060 2080 2100 2120 2140 2160 2180 2200 2.6 FREQUENCY (GHz) FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 15. Gain and Noise Figure vs. Figure 15. Gain and Noise Figure vs. Frequency. Frequency. Figure 17. OIP3 vs. Frequency in WCDMA Figure 17. OIP3 vs. Frequency in WCDMA Band (Pout = 12 dBm). Band (Pout = 12 dBm). Input and output return loss are both greater that 10 dB. Although somewhat narrowband, the response is adequate in the frequency range of 2110 MHz to 2170 MHz for the WCDMA downlink. If wider band response is need, using a balanced configuration improves return loss and doubles OIP3. -30 -35 ACLR (dB) -40 0 -45 -50 -55 INPUT AND OUTPUT RETURN LOSS (dB) -60 S11 -65 -5 2 7 12 17 22 Pout (dBm) Figure 18. ACLR vs. Pout at 5 MHz Offset. Figure 18. ACLR vs. Pout at 5 MHz Offset. -10 S22 -15 1.6 Table 2. 2140 MHz Bill of Material. C1=1.2 pF 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 FREQUENCY (GHz) Figure 16. Input and Output Return Loss vs. Figure 16.Frequency. Input and Output Return Loss vs. Frequency. Perhaps the most critical system level specification for the ATF‑521P8 lies in its distortion-less output power. Typically, amplifiers are characterized for linearity by measuring OIP3. This is a two-tone harmonic mea‑ surement using CW signals. But because WCDMA is a modulated waveform spread across 3.84 MHz, it is difficult to correlated good OIP3 to good ACLR. Thus, both are measured and presented to avoid ambiguity. 19 -3 Phycomp 0402CG129C9B200 C2,C8=1.5 pF Phycomp 0402CG159C9B200 C3=4.7 pF Phycomp 0402CG479C9B200 C4,C6=.1 µF Phycomp 06032F104M8B200 C5=1 µF AVX 0805ZC105KATZA C7=150 pF Phycomp 0402CG151J9B200 L1=1.0 nH TOKO LL1005-FH1n0S L2=12 nH TOKO LL1005-FS12N L3=39 nH TOKO LL1005-FS39 L4=3.9 nH TOKO LL1005-FH3N9S R1=49.9Ω RohmRK73H1J49R9F R2=383Ω Rohm RK73H1J3830F R3=2.37Ω Rohm RK73H1J2R37F R4=61.9Ω Rohm RK73H1J61R9F R5=10Ω Rohm RK73H1J10R0F R6=1.2Ω Rohm RK73H1J1R21F Q1, Q2 Philips BCV62B J1, J2 142-0701-851 Using the 3GPP standards document Release 1999 version 2002-6, the following channel configuration was used to test ACLR. This table contains the power levels of the main channels used for Test Model 1. Note that the DPCH can be made up of 16, 32, or 64 separate channels each at different power levels and timing offsets. For a listing of power levels, channeliza‑ tion codes and timing offset see the entire 3GPP TS 25.141 V3.10.0 (2002-06) standards document at: http:// www.3gpp.org/specs/specs.htm Table 3. ACLR Channel Power Configuration. 3GPP TS 25.141 V3.10.0 (2002-06) Type Pwr (dB) P-CCPCH+SCH-10 Primary CPICH-10 PICH-18 S-CCPCH containing PCH (SF=256)-18 DPCH-64ch (SF=128)-1.1 Thermal Design When working with medium to high power FET devices, thermal dissipation should be a large part of the design. This is done to ensure that for a given ambient temperature the transistor’s channel does not exceed the maximum rating, TCH, on the data sheet. For example, ATF‑521P8 has a maximum channel tem‑ perature of 150°C and a channel to board thermal resistance of 45°C/W, thus the entire thermal design hinges from these key data points. The question that must be answered is whether this device can operate in a typical environment with ambient temperature fluctuations from -25°C to 85°C. From Figure 19, a very useful equation is derived to calculate the temperature of the channel for a given ambient temperature. These calculations are all incorporated into Avago Technolo‑ gies AppCAD. Pdiss = Vds x Ids Tch (channel) θch-b Tb (board or belly of the part) θb-s Ts (sink) θs-a Ta (ambient) Hence very similar to Ohms Law, the temperature of the channel is calculated with equation 8 below. (8) If no heat sink is used or heat sinking is incorporated into the PCB board then equation 8 may be reduced to: TCH = Pdiss (θch–b + θ b–a ) + Tamb (9) 20 θb –a is the board to ambient thermal resistance; θch–b is the channel to board thermal resistance. The board to ambient thermal resistance thus becomes very important for this is the designer’s major source of heat control. To demonstrate the influence of θb-a, thermal resistance is measured for two very different scenarios using the ATF-521P8 demoboard. The first case is done with just the demoboard by itself. The second case is the ATF demoboard mounted on a chassis or metal casing, and the results are given below: Table 4. Thermal resistance measurements. ATF Demoboard θ b-a PCB 1/8" Chassis PCB no HeatSink 10.4°C/W 32.9°C/W Therefore calculating the temperature of the channel for these two scenarios gives a good indication of what type of heat sinking is needed. Case 1: Chassis Mounted @ 85°C Tch = P x (θch-b + θb-a) + Ta =.9W x (45+10.4)°C/W +85°C Tch = 135°C Case 2: No Heatsink @ 85°C Tch = P x (θch-b + θb-a) + Ta =.9W x (45+32.9)°C/W + 85°C Tch = 155°C In other words, if the board is mounted to a chassis, the channel temperature is guaranteed to be 135°C safely below the 150°C maximum. But on the other hand, if no heat sinking is used and the θb-a is above 27°C/W (32.9°C/W in this case), then the power must be derated enough to lower the temperature below 150°C. This can be better understood with Figure 20 below. Note power is derated at 13 mW/°C for the board with no heat sink and no derating is required for the chassis mounted board until an ambient temperature of 100°C. Pdiss (W) Figure 19. Equivalent Circuit for Thermal Resistance. TCH = Pdiss (θch–b + θ b–s + θs–a ) + Tamb where, Mounted on Chassis (18 mW/°C) 0.9W No Heatsink (13 mW/°C) 0 81 100 150 Figure 20. Derating for ATF- 521P8. Tamb (°C) References Thus, for reliable operation of ATF-521P8 and extended MTBF, it is recommended to use some form of thermal heatsinking. This may include any or all of the following suggestions: [1] Ward, A. (2001) Avago Technologies ATF‑54143 Low Noise Enhancement Mode Pseudomorphic HEMT in a Surface Mount Plastic Package, 2001 [Internet], Available from: • Maximize vias underneath and around package; <http://www.avagotech.com> • Maximize exposed surface metal; [2] Biasing Circuits and Considerations for GaAs MESFET Power Amplifiers, 2001 [Internet], Available from: <http://www.rf-solutions.com/pdf/AN‑0002_ajp.pdf> [Accessed 22 August, 2002] • Use 1 oz or greater copper clad; • Minimize board thickness; • Metal heat sinks or extrusions; • Fans or forced air; • Mount PCB to Chassis. Device Models Summary Refer to Avago Technologies' Web Site: A high linearity Tx driver amplifier for WCDMA has been presented and designed using Agilent’s ATF-521P8. This includes RF, DC and good thermal dissipation practices for reliable lifetime operation. A summary of the typical performance for ATF-521P8 demoboard at 2140 MHz is as follows: www.avagotech.com Ordering Information Part Number No. of Devices ATF-521P8-TR1 ATF-521P8-TR2 ATF-521P8-BLK Demo Board Results at 2140 MHz Gain 16.5 dB OIP3 41.2 dBm ACLR-58 dBc P1dB 24.8 dBm NF 1.55 dB Container 3000 10000 100 7” Reel 13”Reel antistatic bag 2 x 2 LPCC (JEDEC DFP-N) Package Dimensions D1 D pin1 P pin1 1 8 2 7 e E1 3 R 2PX 4 6 5 Top View Bottom View A1 A A2 End View 21 E b L A DIMENSIONS SYMBOL A A1 A2 b D D1 E E1 e P L MIN. 0.70 0 0.225 1.9 0.65 1.9 1.45 0.2 0.35 NOM. 0.75 0.02 0.203 REF 0.25 2.0 0.80 2.0 1.6 0.50 BSC 0.25 0.4 DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS End View MAX. 0.80 0.05 0.275 2.1 0.95 2.1 1.75 0.3 0.45 PCB Land Pattern and Stencil Design 2.72 (107.09) 2.80 (110.24) 0.70 (27.56) 0.63 (24.80) 0.25 (9.84) 0.22 (8.86) 0.25 (9.84) PIN 1 φ0.20 (7.87) 0.32 (12.79) PIN 1 0.50 (19.68) 0.50 (19.68) 1.54 (60.61) 1.60 (62.99) Solder mask RF transmission line + 0.25 (9.74) 0.28 (10.83) 0.60 (23.62) 0.63 (24.80) 0.72 (28.35) 0.80 (31.50) 0.15 (5.91) 0.55 (21.65) Stencil Layout (top view) PCB Land Pattern (top view) Device Orientation 4 mm REEL 8 mm CARRIER TAPE USER FEED DIRECTION COVER TAPE 22 2PX 2PX 2PX 2PX Tape Dimensions P0 P D P2 E F W + + D1 Tt t1 K0 10° Max 10° Max A0 DESCRIPTION CAVITY PERFORATION CARRIER TAPE COVER TAPE DISTANCE B0 SYMBOL SIZE (mm) SIZE (inches) LENGTH A0 2.30 ± 0.05 0.091 ± 0.004 WIDTH B0 2.30 ± 0.05 0.091 ± 0.004 DEPTH 1.00 ± 0.05 0.039 ± 0.002 PITCH BOTTOM HOLE DIAMETER K0 P D1 4.00 ± 0.10 1.00 + 0.25 0.157 ± 0.004 0.039 + 0.002 DIAMETER D 1.50 ± 0.10 0.060 ± 0.004 PITCH 4.00 ± 0.10 0.157 ± 0.004 POSITION P0 E 1.75 ± 0.10 0.069 ± 0.004 WIDTH W THICKNESS t1 8.00 + 0.30 8.00 – 0.10 0.254 ± 0.02 0.315 ± 0.012 0.315 ± 0.004 0.010 ± 0.0008 WIDTH C 5.4 ± 0.10 0.205 ± 0.004 TAPE THICKNESS Tt 0.062 ± 0.001 0.0025 ± 0.0004 CAVITY TO PERFORATION (WIDTH DIRECTION) F 3.50 ± 0.05 0.138 ± 0.002 CAVITY TO PERFORATION P2 2.00 ± 0.05 0.079 ± 0.002 (LENGTH DIRECTION) For product information and a complete list of distributors, please go to our web site: www.avagotech.com Avago, Avago Technologies, and the A logo are trademarks of Avago Technologies in the United States and other countries. Data subject to change. Copyright © 2005-2009 Avago Technologies. All rights reserved. Obsoletes 5988-9974EN AV02-0846EN - July 7, 2009