NSC LM4140ACM-2.0 High precision low noise low dropout voltage Datasheet

LM4140
High Precision Low Noise Low Dropout Voltage
Reference
General Description
Features
The LM4140 series of precision references are designed to
combine high accuracy, low drift and noise with low power
dissipation in a small package.
The LM4140 is the industry’s first reference with output voltage options lower than the bandgap voltage.
The key to the advance performance of the LM4140 is the
use of EEPROM registers and CMOS DACs for temperature
coefficient curvature correction and trimming of the output
voltage accuracy of the device during the final production
testing.
The major advantage of this method is the much higher resolution available with DACs than is available economically
with most methods utilized by other bandgap references.
The low input and dropout voltage, low supply current and
output drive capability of the LM4140 makes this product an
ideal choice for battery powered and portable applications.
The LM4140 is available in three grades (A, B, C) with 0.1%
initial accuracy and 3, 6 and 10 ppm/˚C temperature coefficients. For even lower Tempco, contact National Semiconductor.
The device performance is specified over the temperature
range (0˚C to +70˚C) and is available in compact 8-pin SO
package.
For other output voltage options from 0.5V to 4.5V, contact National Semiconductor.
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High initial accuracy: 0.1%
Ultra low noise
Low Temperature Coefficient: 3 ppm/˚C (A grade)
Low voltage operation: 1.8V
SO-8 package
Low dropout voltage: 20 mV (typ) @ 1mA
Supply Current: 230 µA (typ), ≤ 1 µA disable mode
Enable pin
Output voltage options: 1.024V, 1.250V, 2.048V, 2.500V,
and 4.096V
n Custom voltages from 0.5V to 4.5V
n Temperature range (0˚C to 70˚C)
Applications Summary
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Portable, battery powered equipment
Instrumentation and test equipment
Automotive
Industrial process control
Data acquisition systems
Medical equipment
Precision scales
Servo systems
Battery charging
Typical Application
Typical Temperature Coefficient
(Sample of 5 Parts)
DS101079-1
COUT, Output bypass capacitor. See text for selection detail.
DS101079-23
Refer to the Ordering Information Table in this Data Sheet for Specific Part
Number
© 2000 National Semiconductor Corporation
DS101079
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LM4140 High Precision Low Noise Low Dropout Voltage Reference
July 2000
LM4140
Ordering Information
Temperature Range (0˚C to 70˚C)
Initial Output Voltage Accuracy
@ 25˚C
and Temperature Coefficient
LM4140 Supplied as 95 Units,
Tape and Reel
LM4140 Supplied as 2500
Units, Tape and Reel
LM4140ACM-1.0
LM4140ACMX-1.0
LM4140ACM-1.2
LM4140ACMX-1.2
LM4140ACM-2.0
LM4140ACMX-2.0
LM4140ACM-2.5
LM4140ACMX-2.5
LM4140ACM-4.1
LM4140ACMX-4.1
LM4140BCM-1.0
LM4140BCMX-1.0
LM4140BCM-1.2
LM4140BCMX-1.2
LM4140BCM-2.0
LM4140BCMX-2.0
LM4140BCM-2.5
LM4140BCMX-2.5
0.1%, 3 ppm/˚C max (A grade)
0.1%, 6 ppm/˚C max (B grade)
0.1%, 10 ppm/˚C max (C grade)
LM4140BCM-4.1
LM4140BCMX-4.1
LM4140CCM-1.0
LM4140CCMX-1.0
LM4140CCM-1.2
LM4140CCMX-1.2
LM4140CCM-2.0
LM4140CCMX-2.0
LM4140CCM-2.5
LM4140CCMX-2.5
LM4140CCM-4.1
LM4140CCMX-4.1
Connection Diagram
8-Lead Surface Mount (M)
DS101079-2
Top View
See NS Package Number M08A
Pin Functions
Vref (Pin 6):
Reference Output. Capable of sourcing up to 8mA.
Input (Pin 2):
Positive Supply.
Ground (Pins 1, 4, 7, 8):
Negative Supply or Ground Connection. These pins must be
connected to ground.
Enable (Pin 3):
Pulled to input for normal operation. Forcing this pin to ground will
turn-off the output.
NC (Pin 5):
This pin must be left open.
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Lead Temperature:
Soldering, (10 sec.)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Maximum Voltage on any Input pin
Output Short-Circuit Duration
Power Dissipation (TA = 25˚C)
(Note 2)
ESD Susceptibility (Note 3)
Human Body Model
Machine Model
+260˚C
Operating Range (Note 1)
−0.3V to 5.6V
Storage Temperature Range
Indefinite
Ambient Temperature Range
0˚C to 70˚C
Junction Temperature Range
0˚C to 80˚C
−65˚C to +150˚C
345mW
2 kV
200V
LM4140
Electrical Charateristics
Unless otherwise specified, VIN = 3.0V for the LM4140-1.024 and LM4140-1.250, VIN = 5.0V for all other voltage options, VEN
= VIN. COUT = 1µF (Note 4), ILOAD = 1mA, TA = TJ = 25˚C. Limits with standard typeface are for TA = 25˚C, and limits in
boldface type apply over 0˚C to 70˚C temperature range.
Symbol
VREF
TCVREF/˚C
Parameter
Conditions
Min
(Note 6)
Typ
(Note 5)
Max
(Note 6)
Output Voltage Initial
Accuracy (Note 7)
LM4140B-1.024
LM4140B-1.250
LM4140B-2.048
LM4140B-2.500
LM4140B-4.096
± 0.1
LM4140C-1.024
LM4140C-1.250
LM4140C-2.048
LM4140C-2.500
LM4140C-4.096
± 0.1
Temperature Coefficient:
A Grade
B Grade
C Grade
Units
%
0˚C ≤ TA ≤ + 70˚C
3
6
10
ppm/˚C
Line Regulation
1.024V and 1.250V options
1.8V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V
50
∆VREF/∆VIN
300
350
All other voltage options
Vref + 200mV ≤ VIN ≤
5.5V
Load Regulation
1 mA ≤ ILOAD ≤ 8mA
All other voltage options
20
1
∆VREF/∆ILOAD
20
150
4.096V Option
5
ppm/V
200
250
ppm/mA
35
150
∆VREF
Long-Term Stability
1000 Hrs
60
ppm
∆VREF
Thermal Hysteresis (Note
8)
0˚C ≤ TA ≤ + 70˚C
20
ppm
3
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LM4140
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
LM4140
LM4140
Electrical Charateristics
(Continued)
Unless otherwise specified, VIN = 3.0V for the LM4140-1.024 and LM4140-1.250, VIN = 5.0V for all other voltage options, VEN
= VIN. COUT = 1µF (Note 4), ILOAD = 1mA, TA = TJ = 25˚C. Limits with standard typeface are for TA = 25˚C, and limits in
boldface type apply over 0˚C to 70˚C temperature range.
Symbol
Operating
Voltage
VIN-VREF
Parameter
Conditions
Min
(Note 6)
Typ
(Note 5)
Max
(Note 6)
Units
5.5
V
LM4140-1.024,
LM4140-1.250
IL = 1 mA to 8 mA
Dropout Voltage (Note 9)
LM4140-2.048,
LM4140-2.500
IL = 1 mA
20
40
45
IL = 8 mA
160
235
400
LM4140-4.096
IL = 1 mA
20
40
45
IL = 8 mA
195
270
490
2.2
VN
Output Noise Voltage
(Note 10)
0.1 Hz to 10 Hz
IS(ON)
Supply Current
ILOAD = 0 mA
1.8
All other voltage options
230
µVPP
320
375
4.096V Option
265
mV
µA
350
400
IS(OFF)
Supply Current
VH
Logic High Input Voltage
IH
Logic High Input Current
VL
Logic Low Input Voltage
IL
Logic Low Input Current
ISC
Short Circuit Current
VEnable < 0.4V
.01
1
0.8VIN
V
2
nA
0.4
1
8.5
µA
20
V
nA
35
40
mA
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed test
conditions.
Note 2: Without PCB copper enhancements. The maximum power dissipation must be de-rated at elevated temperatures and is limited by TJMAX (maximum junction
temperature), θJ-A (junction to ambient thermal resistance) and TA (ambient temperature). The maximum power dissipation at any temperature is: PDissMAX = (TJMAX
− TA)/θJ-A up to the value listed in the Absolute Maximum Ratings. The θJ-A for the SO-8 package is 160˚C/W.
Note 3: The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor into each pin. The machine model is a 200 pF capacitor discharged directly into each pin.
Note 4: For proper operation, a 1µF capacitor is required between the output pin and the GND pin of the device. (See Application Section for details)
Note 5: Typical numbers are at 25˚C and represent the most likely parametric norm.
Note 6: Limits are 100% production tested at 25˚C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control
(SQC) methods. The limits are used to calculate National’s Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).
Note 7: High temperature and mechanical stress associated with PCB assembly can have significant impact on the initial accuracy of the LM4140 and may create
significant shifts in VREF. See Application Hints section regarding accuracy and PCB layout consideration.
Note 8: Thermal hysteresis is defined as the changes in +25˚C output voltage before and after the cycling of the device from 0˚C to 70˚C.
Note 9: Dropout voltage is defined as the minimum input to output differential voltage at which the output voltage drops by 0.5% below the value measured with VIN
= 3.0V for the LM4140-1.024 and LM4140-1.250, VIN = 5.0V for all other voltage options.
Note 10: The output noise is based on 1.024V option. Output noise is linearly proportional to VREF.
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Unless otherwise specified, TA = 25˚C, No Load,
COUT = 1µF, VIN = 3.0V for LM4140-1.024 and LM4140-1.250, and 5V for all other voltage options. VIN = VEN.
Enable Response
Power Up/Down Ground Current
DS101079-5
DS101079-6
* The 1µF output capacitor is actively discharged to ground. See ON/OFF Operation section for more details.
Load Transient Response
Line Transient Response
DS101079-8
DS101079-7
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LM4140
LM4140 Typical Performance Characteristics
LM4140
LM4140 Typical Performance Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, TA = 25˚C, No Load,
COUT = 1µF, VIN = 3.0V for LM4140-1.024 and LM4140-1.250, and 5V for all other voltage options. VIN = VEN. (Continued)
Output Impedance
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
DS101079-10
DS101079-9
Dropout Voltage vs Load Current
Output Voltage Change vs Sink Current (ISINK)
DS101079-11
DS101079-12
Note: 1.024V and 1.250V options require 1.8V supply.
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Unless otherwise specified, TA = 25˚C, No Load,
COUT = 1µF, VIN = 3.0V for LM4140-1.024 and LM4140-1.250, and 5V for all other voltage options. VIN = VEN. (Continued)
Total Current (IS(OFF)) vs Supply Voltage
Total Current (IS(ON)) vs Supply Voltage
DS101079-13
Spectral Noise Density (0.1Hz to 10Hz)
DS101079-14
Spectral Noise Density (10Hz to 100kHz)
DS101079-31
Ground Current vs Load Current
DS101079-32
Long Term Drift
DS101079-38
DS101079-39
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LM4140
LM4140 Typical Performance Characteristics
LM4140
LM4140 Typical Performance Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, TA = 25˚C, No Load,
COUT = 1µF, VIN = 3.0V for LM4140-1.024 and LM4140-1.250, and 5V for all other voltage options. VIN = VEN. (Continued)
Load Regulation vs Temperature
Output Voltage vs Load Current
DS101079-41
DS101079-40
Line Regulation vs Temperature
IQ vs Temperature
DS101079-42
Short Circuit Current vs Temperature
DS101079-43
Dropout Voltage vs Load Current (VOUT) = 2.0V
DS101079-44
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DS101079-45
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LM4140
Application Hints
Input Capacitors
Although not always required, an input capacitor is recommended. A supply bypass capacitor on the input assures that
the reference is working from a source with low impedance,
which improves stability. A bypass capacitor can also improve transient response by providing a reservoir of stored
energy that the reference can utilize in case where the load
current demand suddenly increases. The value used for CIN
may be used without limit. Refer to the typical application
section for examples of input capacitors.
Output Capacitors
The LM4140 requires a 1µF (nominally) output capacitor for
loop stability (compensation) as well as transient response.
During the sudden changes in load current demand, the output capacitor must source or sink current during the time it
takes the control loop of the LM4140 to respond.
This capacitor must be selected to meet the requirements of
minimum capacitance and equivalent series resistance
(ESR) range.
In general, the capacitor value must be at least 0.2µF (over
the actual ambient operating temperature), and the ESR
must be within the range indicated in Figure 1, Figure 2 and
Figure 3.
DS101079-30
FIGURE 3. 10 µF ESR Range
Tantalum Capacitors
Surface-mountable solid tantalum capacitors offer a good
combination of small physical size for the capacitance value,
and ESR in the range needed for by the LM4140. The results
of testing the LM4140 stability with surface mount solid tantalum capacitors show good stability with values in the range
of 0.1µF. However, optimum performance is achieved with a
1µF capacitor.
Tantalum capacitors that have been verified as suitable for
use with the LM4140 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1. Surface-Mount Tantalum Capacitor Selection
Guide
1µF Surface-Mount Tantalums
Manufacturer
Part Number
Kemet
T491A105M010AS
NEC
NRU105N10
Siemens
B45196-E3105-K
Nichicon
F931C105MA
Sprague
293D105X0016A2T
2.2µF Surface-Mount Tantalums
DS101079-28
FIGURE 1. 0.22 µF ESR Range
Kemet
T491A225M010AS
NEC
NRU225M06
Siemens
B45196/2.2/10/10
Nichicon
F930J225MA
Sprague
293D225X0010A2T
Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors
Although probably not a good choice for a production design,
because of relatively large physical size, an aluminium electrolytic capacitor can be used in the design prototype for an
LM4140 reference. A 1µF capacitor meeting the ESR conditions can be used. If the operating temperature drops below
0˚C, the reference may not remain stable, as the ESR of the
aluminium electrolytic capacitor will increase, and may exceed the limits indicated in the figures.
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors
Surface-mountable multilayer ceramic capacitors may be an
attractive choice because of their relatively small physical
size and excellent RF characteristics.
DS101079-29
FIGURE 2. 1 µF ESR Range
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LM4140
Application Hints
LM4140 input voltage. This high-level voltage may exceed
the LM4140 input voltage, but must remain within the Absolute Maximum Rating for the enable pin.
(Continued)
However, they sometimes have an ESR values lower than
the minimum required by the LM4140, and relatively large
capacitance change with temperature. The manufacturer’s
datasheet for the capacitor should be consulted before selecting a value. Test results of LM4140 stability using multilayer ceramic capacitors show that a minimum of 0.2µF is
usually needed.
Multilayer ceramic capacitors that have been verified as suitable for use with the LM4140 are shown in Table 2.
Output Accuracy
Like all references, either series or shunt, the after assembly
accuracy is made up of primarily three components: initial
accuracy itself, thermal hysteresis and effects of the PCB assembly stress.
LM4140 provides an excellent output initial accuracy of 0.1%
and temperature coefficient of 6ppm/˚C (B Grade).
For best accuracy and precision, the LM4140 junction temperature should not exceed 70˚C.
The thermal hysteresis curve on this datasheet are performance characteristics of three typical parts selected at random from a sample of 40 parts.
Parts are mounted in a socket to minimize the effect of
PCB’s mechnical expansion and contraction. Readings are
taken at 25˚C following multiple temperature cycles to 0˚C
and 70˚C. The labels on the X axis of the graph indicates the
device temperature cycle prior to measurement at 25˚C.
TABLE 2. Surface-Mount Ceramic Capacitors Selection
Guide
2.2µF Surface-Mount Ceramic
Manufacturer
Part Number
Tokin
1E225ZY5U-C203
Murata
GRM42-6Y5V225Z16
4.7µF Surface-Mount Ceramic
Tokin
1E475ZY5U-C304
Reverse Current Path
The P-channel Pass transistor used in the LM4140 has an
inherent diode connected between the VIN and VREF pins
(see diagram below).
DS101079-3
Forcing the output to voltages higher than the input, or pulling VIN below voltage stored on the output capacitor by more
than a Vbe, will forward bias this diode and current will flow
from the VREF terminal to VIN. No damage to the LM4140 will
occur under these conditions as long as the current flowing
into the output pin does not exceed 50mA.
DS101079-33
FIGURE 4. Typical Thermal Hysteresis
The mechanical stress due to the PCB’s mechanical and
thermal stress can cause an output voltage shift more than
the true thermal coefficient of the device. References in surface mount packages are more susceptible to these stresses
because of the small amount of plastic molding which support the leads.
Following the recommendations on PCB Layout Consideration section can minimize the mechanical stress on the device.
ON/OFF Operation
The LM4140 is designed to quickly reduce both VREF and IQ
to zero when turned-off. VREF is restored in less than 200µs
when turned-on. During the turn-off, the charge across the
output capacitor is discharged to ground through internal circuitry.
The LM4140 is turned-off by pulling the enable input low, and
turned-on by driving the input high. If this feature is not to be
used, the enable pin should be tied to the VIN to keep the reference on at all times (the enable pin must not be left floating).
To ensure proper operation, the signal source used to drive
the enable pin must be able to swing above and below the
specified high and low voltage thresholds which guarantee
an ON or OFF state (see Electrical Characteristics).
The ON/OFF signal may come from either a totem-pole output, or an open-collector output with pull-up resistor to the
PCB Layout Consideration
The simplest ways to reduce the stress related shifts are:
1. Mounting the device near the edges or the corners of the
board where mechanical stress is at its minimum. The
center of the board generally has the highest mechanical and thermal expansion stress.
2. Mechanical isolation of the device by creating an island
by cutting a U shape slot on the PCB for mounting the
device. This approach would also provide some thermal
isolation from the rest of the circuit.
Figure 5 is a recommended printed board layout with a slot
cut on three sides of the circuit layout to serve as a strain
relief.
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LM4140
Application Hints
(Continued)
DS101079-34
DS101079-35
FIGURE 5. Suggested PCB Layout with Slot
11
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LM4140
Typical Application Circuits
Boosted Output Current
Boosted Ouput Current with Current Limiter
DS101079-15
DS101079-22
Complimentary Outputs
Voltage Reference with Force and Sense Output
DS101079-20
DS101079-19
* Low Noise Op Amp such as OP-27
Precision Programmable Current Source
Precision DAC Reference
DS101079-36
DS101079-21
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LM4140
Typical Application Circuits
(Continued)
Strain Gauge Conditioner for 350Ω Bridge
DS101079-37
DS101079-26
FIGURE 6.
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LM4140
Typical Application Circuits
(Continued)
DS101079-27
FIGURE 7.
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LM4140 High Precision Low Noise Low Dropout Voltage Reference
SO-8 Package Type M
NS Package Number M08A
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