HA17431H Series Shunt Regulator ADE-204-070 (Z) Preliminary Rev.0 Sep. 2001 Description The HA17431H series is a family of voltage referenced shunt regulators. The main application of these products is in voltage regulators that provide a variable output voltage. The HA17431H series products are provided in a wide range of packages; TO-92 insertion mounting packages and MPAK-5 (5 pin), MPAK (3 pin), UPAK surface mounting packages are available. The on-chip high-precision reference voltage source can provide ±1% accuracy, which have a VKA max of 36 volts. Features • The reference voltage provide 2.500 V ±1% at Ta = 25°C • The reference voltage has a low temperature coefficient • The MPAK-5 (5 pin), MPAK (3 pin) and UPAK miniature packages are optimal for use on high mounting density circuit boards Block Diagram K REF + − 2.500 V A HA17431H Series Application Circuit Example Switching power supply secondary-side error amplification circuit Vout R R1 + K – REF R2 A GND HA17431H Series Ordering Information Item Industrial use Package Temp. Range HA17431HLP MPAK-5 –20 to +85°C HA17431HP TO-92 HA17431HUP UPAK HA17432HUP MPAK HA17431HLTP HA17432HLTP Pin Arrangement MPAK-5 NC NC UPAK (HA17431HUP) A UPAK (HA17432HUP) A TO-92 Face REF A K MPAK (HA17431HLTP) A REF K Rev.0, Sep. 2001, page 2 of 15 REF A K MPAK (HA17432HLTP) A K REF K A REF REF A K HA17431H Series Absolute Maximum Ratings (Ta = 25°C) Ratings Item Symbol HA17431HLP HA17431HP HA17431HUP/ HA17432HUP HA17431HLTP/ HA17432HLTP Unit Notes Cathode voltage VKA 36 36 36 36 V 1 Continuous cathode current IK –50 to +50 –50 to +50 –50 to +50 –50 to +50 mA Reference input current Iref –0.05 to +6 –0.05 to +6 –0.05 to +6 –0.05 to +6 mA Power dissipation PT 150 *2 500 *3 800 *4 150 *2 MW Operating temperature range Topr –20 to +85 –20 to +85 –20 to +85 –20 to +85 °C Storage temperature Tstg –55 to +150 –55 to +150 –55 to +150 –55 to +150 °C Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. Voltages are referenced to anode. Ta ≤ 25°C. If Ta > 25°C, derate by 1.2 mW/°C. Ta ≤ 25°C. If Ta > 25°C, derate by 4.0 mW/°C. 15 mm × 25 mm × t0.7mm alumina ceramic board,Ta ≤ 25°C. If Ta > 25°C, derate by 6.4 mW/°C. Rev.0, Sep. 2001, page 3 of 15 HA17431H Series Electrical Characteristics (Ta = 25°C, IK = 10 mA) Item Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions Reference voltage Vref 2.475 2.500 2.525 V VKA = Vref Reference voltage temperature deviation Vref(dev) — 10 — mV VKA = Vref, Ta = –20°C to +85°C Reference voltage temperature coefficient ∆Vref/∆Ta — ±30 — ppm/°C VKA = Vref, 0°C to 50°C gradient Reference voltage regulation ∆Vref/∆VKA — 2.0 3.7 mV/V VKA = Vref to 36 V Reference input current Iref — 0.6 3 µA R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ Reference current temperature deviation Iref(dev) — 0.5 — µA R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞, Ta = –20°C to +85°C Minimum cathode current Imin — 0.06 0.2 mA VKA = Vref Off state cathode current Ioff — 0.001 1.0 µA VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 V Dynamic impedance ZKA — 0.2 0.5 Ω VKA = Vref, IK = 1 mA to 50 mA Notes: 1. Vref(dev) = Vref(max) – Vref(min) Vref(dev) −20 Ta (°C) +85 2. Imin is given by the cathode current at Vref = Vref(IK=10mA) – 15 mV. Rev.0, Sep. 2001, page 4 of 15 Notes 1 2 HA17431H Series MPAK-5 (5 pin), MPAK (3 pin) and UPAK Marking Patterns The marking patterns shown below are used on MPAK-5, MPAK and UPAK products. Note that the product code and mark pattern are different. The pattern is laser-printed. HA17431HLP NC (1) (2) 4 H (a) (b) REF HA17431HUP HA17432HUP HA17431HLTP HA17432HLTP A A NC A (4) REF (c) 4 U (1) (2) K (1) A K 4 W A Band mark (2) A (2) 3 C (a) (b) REF Band mark K (1) (4) (1) (2) 3 D (c) (a) (b) K (4) (c) K REF REF (3) (4) (5) (3) (4) (5) Notes: 1. Boxes (1) to (5) in the figures show the position of the letters or numerals, and are not actually marked on the package. 2. The letters (1) and (2) show the product specific mark pattern. Product (1) (2) HA17431HLP 4 H HA17431HUP 4 U HA17432HUP 4 W HA17431HLTP 3 C HA17432HLTP 3 D 3. The letter (3) shows the production year code (the last digit of the year) for UPAK products. 4. The bars (a), (b) and (c) show a production year code for MPAK-5 and MPAK products as shown below. After 2009 the code is repeated every 8 years. Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 (a) None None None None Bar Bar Bar Bar (b) None None Bar Bar None None Bar Bar (c) None Bar None Bar None Bar None Bar 5. The letter (4) shows the production month code (see table below). Production month Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Marked code A B C D E F G H J K L M 6. The letter (5) shows manufacturing code. For UPAK products. Rev.0, Sep. 2001, page 5 of 15 HA17431H Series Application Examples As shown in figure 1, this IC operates as an inverting amplifier, with the REF pin as input pin. The openloop voltage gain is given by the reciprocal of “reference voltage deviation by cathode voltage change” in the electrical specifications, and is approximately 50 to 60 dB. The REF pin has a high input impedance, with an input current Iref of 0.6 µA Typ. The output impedance of the output pin K (cathode) is defined as dynamic impedance ZKA, and ZKA is low (0.2 Ω) over a wide cathode current range. A (anode) is used at the minimum potential, such as ground. K REF – + VCC OUT VEE VZ ≅ 2.5V A Figure 1 Operation Diagram Application Hints No. Application Example Description 1 Reference voltage generation circuit This is the simplest reference voltage circuit. The value of the resistance R is set so that cathode current IK ≥ 0.2 mA. Vin Vout R K Output is fixed at Vout ≅ 2.5 V. CL REF A GND 2 GND Variable output shunt regulator circuit Vin Vout R Iref R1 K REF R2 Rev.0, Sep. 2001, page 6 of 15 This is circuit 1 above with variable output provided. Here, Vout ≅ 2.5 V × (R1 + R2) R2 Since the reference input current Iref = 0.6 µA Typ flows through R1, resistance values are chosen to allow the resultant voltage drop to be ignored. CL A GND The external capacitor CL (CL ≥ 3.3 µF) is used to prevent oscillation in normal applications. GND HA17431H Series Application Hints (cont.) No. Application Example Description 3 Single power supply inverting comparator circuit This is an inverting type comparator with an input threshold voltage of approximately 2.5 V. Rin is the REF pin protection resistance, with a value of several kΩ to several tens of kΩ. VCC RL Rin K Vout RL is the load resistance, selected so that the cathode current IK ≥ 0.2 mA when Vout is low. GND Condition Vin C1 Less then 2.5 V C2 2.5 V or more VCC This is an AC amplifier with voltage gain G = –R1 / (R2//R3). The input is cut by capacitance Cin, so that the REF pin is driven by the AC input signal, centered on 2.5 VDC. Vin REF A GND 4 AC amplifier circuit Cf RL R1 R2 also functions as a resistance that determines the DC cathode potential when there is no input, but if the input level is low and there is no risk of Vout clipping to VCC, this can be omitted. Vout Vin K Cin R3 REF IC Vout OFF VCC (VOH) Approx. 2 V (VOL) ON A To change the frequency characteristic, Cf should be connected as indicated by the dotted line. R2 GND R1 Gain G = (DC gain) R2 // R3 1 2π Cf (R1 // R2 // R3) Cutoff frequency fc = 5 Switching power supply error amplification circuit This circuit performs control on the secondary side of a transformer, and is often used with a switching power supply that employs a photocoupler for offlining. + V R4 + LED R3 – R1 (Note) Secondary side GND The output voltage (between V+ and V–) is given by the following formula: Vout ≅ 2.5 V × (R1 + R2) R2 In this circuit, the gain with respect to the Vout error is as follows: Cf R2 G= – V Note: LED : Light emitting diode in photocoupler R3 : Bypass resistor to feed IK(>Imin) when LED current vanishes R4 : LED protection resistance R2 × HA17431H open × photocoupler loop gain total gain (R1 + R2) As stated earlier, the HA17431H open-loop gain is 50 to 60 dB. Rev.0, Sep. 2001, page 7 of 15 HA17431H Series Application Hints (cont.) No. Application Example Description 6 Constant voltage regulator circuit This is a 3-pin regulator with a discrete configuration, in which the output voltage VCC R1 Vout = 2.5 V × Q Vout R2 Cf GND Discharge type constant current circuit This circuit supplies a constant current of VCC IL ≅ R Q 2.5 V RS Load GND 2.5 V RS [A] into the load. Caution is required since the HA17431H cathode current is also superimposed on IL. + 8 R1 is a bias resistance for supplying the HA17431H cathode current and the output transistor Q base current. R3 GND 7 (R2 + R3) R3 IL The requirement in this circuit is that the cathode current must be greater than Imin = 0.2 mA. The IL setting therefore must be on the order of several mA or more. – Induction type constant current circuit + R Load VCC IL – In this circuit, the load is connected on the collector side of transistor Q in circuit 7 above. In this case, the load floats from GND, but the HA17431H cathode current is not superimposed on IL, so that IL can be kept small (0.2 mA or less is possible). The constant current value is the same as for circuit 7 above: Q IL ≅ 2.5 V GND Rev.0, Sep. 2001, page 8 of 15 RS 2.5 V RS [A] HA17431H Series Design Guide for AC-DC SMPS (Switching Mode Power Supply) Use of Shunt Regulator in Transformer Secondary Side Control This example is applicable to both forward transformers and flyback transformers. A shunt regulator is used on the secondary side as an error amplifier, and feedback to the primary side is provided via a photocoupler. Transformer R1 SBD PWM IC HA17384 HA17385 IF VF Phototransistor Photocoupler C1 K HA17431H (+) Output V0 (–) Vref VK Light emitting diode R3 R2 IB R5 R4 REF A GND Figure 2 Typical Shunt Regulator/Error Amplifier Determination of External Constants for the Shunt Regulator DC characteristic determination: In figure 2, R1 and R2 are protection resistor for the light emitting diode in the photocoupler, and R2 is a bypass resistor to feed IK minimum, and these are determined as shown below. The photocoupler specification should be obtained separately from the manufacturer. Using the parameters in figure 2, the following formulas are obtained: R1 = V0 – V F – V K V , R2 = F IF + I B IB VK is the HA17431H operating voltage, and is set at around 3 V, taking into account a margin for fluctuation. R2 is the current shunt resistance for the light emitting diode, in which a bias current IB of around 1/5 IF flows. Next, the output voltage can be determined by R3 and R4, and the following formula is obtained: V0 = R3 + R4 × Vref, Vref = 2.5 V Typ R4 The absolute values of R3 and R4 are determined by the HA17431H reference input current Iref and the AC characteristics described in the next section. The Iref value is around 0.6 µA Typ. Rev.0, Sep. 2001, page 9 of 15 HA17431H Series AC characteristic determination: This refers to the determination of the gain frequency characteristic of the shunt regulator as an error amplifier. Taking the configuration in figure 2, the error amplifier characteristic is as shown in figure 3. Gain G (dB) G1 G2 f1 fAC f2 When R5 ≠ 0 When R5 = 0 fOSC Frequency f (Hz) * fOSC : PWM switching frequency Figure 3 HA17431H Error Amplification Characteristic In Figure 3, the following formulas are obtained: Gain G1 = G0 ≈ 50 dB to 60 dB (determined by shunt regulator) G2 = R5 R3 Corner frequencies f1 = 1/(2π C1 G0 R3) f2 = 1/(2π C1 R5) G0 is the shunt regulator open-loop gain; this is given by the reciprocal of the reference voltage fluctuation ∆Vref/∆VKA, and is approximately 50 dB. Rev.0, Sep. 2001, page 10 of 15 HA17431H Series Practical Example Consider the example of a photocoupler, with an internal light emitting diode VF = 1.05 V and IF = 2.5 mA, power supply output voltage V2 = 5 V, and bias resistance R2 current of approximately 1/5 IF at 0.5 mA. If the shunt regulator VK = 3 V, the following values are found. R1 = 5V – 1.05V – 3V = 316(Ω) (330Ω from E24 series) 2.5mA + 0.5mA R2 = 1.05V = 2.1(kΩ) (2.2kΩ from E24 series) 0.5mA Next, assume that R3 = R4 = 10 kΩ. This gives a 5 V output. If R5 = 3.3 kΩ and C1 = 0.022 µF, the following values are found. G2 = 3.3 kΩ / 10 kΩ = 0.33 times (–10 dB) f1 = 1 / (2 × π × 0.022 µF × 316 × 10 kΩ) = 2.3 (Hz) f2 = 1 / (2 × π × 0.022 µF × 3.3 kΩ) = 2.2 (kHz) Rev.0, Sep. 2001, page 11 of 15 HA17431H Series Package Dimensions As of January, 2001 Unit: mm 1.9 ± 0.2 0.95 0.16 + 0.1 – 0.05 0 – 0.1 2.8 + 0.2 – 0.3 + 0.2 0.6 1.6 – 0.1 0.6 0.95 + 0.1 5 – 0.4 – 0.05 + 0.2 1.1 – 0.1 0.3 2.9 ± 0.2 Hitachi Code JEDEC EIAJ Mass (reference value) MPAK-5 — — 0.015 g As of January, 2001 Unit: mm 1.5 1.5 3.0 0.44 Max Hitachi Code JEDEC EIAJ Mass (reference value) Rev.0, Sep. 2001, page 12 of 15 (0.2) (2.5) (1.5) (0.4) 0.53 Max 0.48 Max 1.5 ± 0.1 0.44 Max 2.5 ± 0.1 4.25 Max φ1 0.8 Min 1.8 Max 0.4 4.5 ± 0.1 UPAK — Conforms 0.050 g HA17431H Series As of January, 2001 Unit: mm 4.8 ± 0.4 2.3 Max 0.7 0.60 Max 0.55Max 12.7 Min 5.0 ± 0.2 3.8 ± 0.4 0.5Max 1.27 2.54 Hitachi Code JEDEC EIAJ Mass (reference value) TO-92 (1) Conforms Conforms 0.25 g Rev.0, Sep. 2001, page 13 of 15 HA17431H Series As of January, 2001 0.65 Unit: mm 0.95 0.95 1.9 ± 0.2 + 0.10 0 – 0.1 2.8 + 0.2 – 0.6 0.16 – 0.06 0.65 1.5 ± 0.15 0.10 0.4 +– 0.05 + 0.2 1.1 – 0.1 0.3 2.95 ± 0.2 Hitachi Code JEDEC EIAJ Mass (reference value) Rev.0, Sep. 2001, page 14 of 15 MPAK — Conforms 0.011 g HA17431H Series Disclaimer 1. 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(Taipei Branch Office) 4/F, No. 167, Tun Hwa North Road Hung-Kuo Building Taipei (105), Taiwan Tel : <886>-(2)-2718-3666 Fax : <886>-(2)-2718-8180 Telex : 23222 HAS-TP URL : http://www.hitachi.com.tw Hitachi Asia (Hong Kong) Ltd. Group III (Electronic Components) 7/F., North Tower World Finance Centre, Harbour City, Canton Road Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon Hong Kong Tel : <852>-(2)-735-9218 Fax : <852>-(2)-730-0281 URL : http://semiconductor.hitachi.com.hk Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd., 2001. All rights reserved. Printed in Japan. Colophon 5.0 Rev.0, Sep. 2001, page 15 of 15