AKM AKD4420 192khz 24-bit stereo î î£ dac with 2vrms output Datasheet

[AK4420]
AK4420
192kHz 24-Bit Stereo ΔΣ DAC with 2Vrms Output
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AK4420 is a 5V 24-bit stereo DAC with an integrated 2Vrms output buffer. A charge pump in the
buffer develops an internal negative power supply rail that enables a ground-referenced 2Vrms output.
Using AKM’s multi bit modulator architecture, the AK4420 delivers a wide dynamic range while preserving
linearity for improved THD+N performance. The AK4420 integrates a combination of switched-capacitor
and continuous-time filters, increasing performance for systems with excessive clock jitter. The 24-bit
word length and 192kHz sampling rate make this part ideal for a wide range of consumer audio
applications, such as DVD, AV receiver system and set-top boxes. The AK4420 is offered in a space
saving 16pin TSSOP package.
FEATURES
† Sampling Rate Ranging from 8kHz to 192kHz
† 128 times Oversampling (Normal Speed Mode)
† 64 times Oversampling (Double Speed Mode)
† 32 times Oversampling (Quad Speed Mode)
† 24-Bit 8 times FIR Digital Filter
† Switched-Capacitor Filter with High Tolerance to Clock Jitter
† Single Ended 2Vrms Output Buffer
† Digital de-emphasis
† Soft mute
† I/F format: 24-Bit MSB justified or I2S
† Master clock: 512fs, 768fs or 1152fs (Normal Speed Mode)
256fs or 384fs (Double Speed Mode)
128fs, 192fs (Quad Speed Mode)
† THD+N: -92dB
† Dynamic Range: 105dB
† Automatic Power-on Reset Circuit
† Power supply: +4.5 ∼ +5.5V
† Ta = -20 to 85°C
† Small Package: 16pin TSSOP (6.4mm x 5.0mm)
MCLK
SMUTE
DIF
VDD
Clock
Divider
Control
Interface
DZF
VSS1
LRCK
BICK
SDTI
Audio
Data
Interface
8X
Interpolator
ΔΣ
Modulator
SCF
LPF
AOUTL
8X
Interpolator
ΔΣ
Modulator
SCF
LPF
AOUTR
Charge
Pump
CP
CN
1μ
MS0683-E-02
VEE
VSS2
CVDD
1μ
2007/12
-1-
[AK4420]
■ Ordering Guide
-20 ∼ +85°C
16pin TSSOP (0.65mm pitch)
Evaluation Board for AK4420
AK4420ET
AKD4420
■ Pin Layout
CN
1
16
VEE
CP
2
15
VSS2
SMUTE
3
14
CVDD
MCLK
4
13
DZF
BICK
5
12
VSS1
SDTI
6
11
VDD
LRCK
7
10
AOUTL
DIF
8
9
AOUTR
AK4420
Top
View
MS0683-E-02
2007/12
-2-
[AK4420]
PIN/FUNCTION
No.
Pin Name
I/O
1
CN
I
2
CP
I
3
SMUTE
I
4
MCLK
I
5
6
7
BICK
SDTI
LRCK
I
I
I
8
DIF
I
9
AOUTR
O
10
AOUTL
O
11
VDD
-
12
VSS1
-
13
14
15
DZF
CVDD
VSS2
O
-
Function
Negative Charge Pump Capacitor Terminal Pin
Connect to CP with a 1.0μF capacitor that should have the low ESR
(Equivalent Series Resistance) over all temperature range. When this
capacitor has the polarity, the positive polarity pin should be connected to the
CP pin. Non polarity capacitors can also be used.
Positive Charge Pump Capacitor Terminal Pin
Connect to CN with a 1.0μF capacitor that should have the low ESR
(Equivalent Series Resistance) over all temperature range. When this
capacitor has the polarity, the positive polarity pin should be connected to the
CP pin. Non polarity capacitors can also be used.
Soft Mute Enable Pin (Internal pull down: 100kΩ)
“H”: Enable, “L”: Disable
Master Clock Input Pin
An external TTL clock should be input on this pin.
Audio Serial Data Clock Pin
Audio Serial Data Input Pin
L/R Clock Pin
Audio Data Interface Format Pin
“L”: Left Justified, “H”: I2S
Rch Analog Output Pin
When power down, outputs VSS(0V, typ).
Lch Analog Output Pin
When power down, outputs VSS(0V, typ).
DAC Power Supply Pin: 4.5V∼5.5V
Ground Pin1
Zero Input Detect Pin
Charge Pump Power Supply Pin: 4.5V∼5.5V
Ground Pin2
Negative Voltage Output Pin
Connect to VSS2 with a 1.0μF capacitor that should have the low ESR
16
(Equivalent Series Resistance) over all temperature range. When this
VEE
O
capacitor has the polarity, the positive polarity pin should be connected to the
VSS2 pin. Non polarity capacitors can also be used.
Note: All input pins except for the CN pin should not be left floating.
MS0683-E-02
2007/12
-3-
[AK4420]
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(VSS1=VSS2=0V; Note 1)
Parameter
Power Supply
Symbol
VDD
CVDD
IIN
VIND
Ta
Tstg
Input Current (any pins except for supplies)
Input Voltage
Ambient Operating Temperature
Storage Temperature
Note 1. All voltages with respect to ground.
Note 2. VSS1, VSS2 connect to the same analog grand.
min
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
-20
-65
max
+6.0
+6.0
±10
VDD+0.3
85
150
Units
V
V
mA
V
°C
°C
WARNING: Operation at or beyond these limits may result in permanent damage to the device.
Normal operation is not guaranteed at these extremes.
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
(VSS1=VSS2=0V; Note 1)
Parameter
Power Supply
Symbol
VDD
CVDD
min
+4.5
typ
+5.0
VDD
max
+5.5
Units
V
Note 3. CVDD should be equal to VDD
*AKEMD assumes no responsibility for the usage beyond the conditions in this datasheet.
MS0683-E-02
2007/12
-4-
[AK4420]
ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta = 25°C; VDD=CVDD = +5.0V; fs = 44.1 kHz; BICK = 64fs; Signal Frequency = 1 kHz;
24bit Input Data; Measurement frequency = 20Hz ∼ 20kHz; RL ≥5kΩ)
Parameter
min
typ
max
Resolution
24
Dynamic Characteristics (Note 4)
THD+N (0dBFS)
fs=44.1kHz, BW=20kHz
-92
-84
fs=96kHz, BW=40kHz
-92
fs=192kHz, BW=40kHz
-92
Dynamic Range (-60dBFS with A-weighted. (Note 5)
98
105
S/N (A-weighted. (Note 6)
98
105
Interchannel Isolation (1kHz)
90
100
Interchannel Gain Mismatch
0.2
0.5
DC Accuracy
DC Offset
(at output pin)
-60
0
+60
Gain Drift
100
Output Voltage (Note 7)
1.97
2.12
2.27
Load Capacitance (Note 8)
25
Load Resistance
5
Power Supplies
Power Supply Current: (Note 9)
24
36
Normal Operation (fs≤96kHz)
27
40
Normal Operation (fs=192kHz)
10
100
Power-Down Mode (Note 10)
Note 4. Measured by Audio Precision (System Two). Refer to the evaluation board manual.
Note 5. 98dB for 16bit input data
Note 6. S/N does not depend on input data size.
Note 7. Full-scale voltage (0dB). Output voltage is proportional to the voltage of VDD,
AOUT (typ.@0dB) = 2.12Vrms × VDD/5.
Note 8. In case of driving capacitive load, inset a resistor between the output pin and the capacitive load.
Note 9. The current into VDD and CVDD.
Note 10. All digital inputs including clock pins (MCLK, BICK and LRCK) are fixed to VSS or VDD
MS0683-E-02
Units
Bits
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
mV
ppm/°C
Vrms
pF
kΩ
mA
mA
μA
2007/12
-5-
[AK4420]
FILTER CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta = 25°C; VDD=CVDD = +4.5 ∼ +5.5V; fs = 44.1 kHz)
Parameter
Symbol
min
Typ
max
Digital filter
PB
0
20.0
Passband
±0.05dB (Note 11)
22.05
–6.0dB
Stopband (Note 11)
SB
24.1
Passband Ripple
PR
± 0.02
Stopband Attenuation
SA
54
Group Delay (Note 12)
GD
19.3
Digital Filter + LPF
Frequency Response 20.0kHz fs=44.1kHz
FR
± 0.05
40.0kHz fs=96kHz
FR
± 0.05
80.0kHz fs=192kHz
FR
± 0.05
Note 11. The passband and stopband frequencies scale with fs(system sampling rate).
For example, PB=0.4535×fs (@±0.05dB), SB=0.546×fs.
Note 12. Calculated delay time caused by digital filter. This time is measured from setting the 16/24bit data
of both channels to input register to the output of the analog signal.
Units
kHz
kHz
kHz
dB
dB
1/fs
dB
dB
dB
DC CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta = 25°C; VDD=CVDD = +4.5 ∼ +5.5V)
Parameter
High-Level Input Voltage
Low-Level Input Voltage
High-Level Input Voltage (Iout = -80uA)
Low-Level Input Voltage (Iout = 80uA)
Input Leakage Current
Symbol
VIH
VIL
VIH
VIL
Iin
min
2.2
VDD-0.4
-
typ
-
max
0.8
0.4
± 10
Units
V
V
V
V
μA
Note 13. The SMUTE pin is not included. The SMUTE pin has internal pull-up resistor (typ.100kΩ) .
MS0683-E-02
2007/12
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[AK4420]
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta = 25°C; VDD=CVDD = +4.5 ∼ +5.5V)
Parameter
Symbol
min
Typ
fCLK
4.096
11.2896
Master Clock Frequency
dCLK
30
Duty Cycle
LRCK Frequency
Normal Speed Mode
fsn
8
Double Speed Mode
fsd
32
Quad Speed Mode
fsq
120
Duty Cycle
Duty
45
Audio Interface Timing
BICK Period
tBCK
1/128fsn
Normal Speed Mode
tBCK
1/64fsd
Double Speed Mode
tBCK
1/64fsq
Quad Speed Mode
tBCKL
30
BICK Pulse Width Low
tBCKH
30
Pulse Width High
tBLR
20
BICK “↑” to LRCK Edge (Note 14)
tLRB
20
LRCK Edge to BICK “↑” (Note 14)
tSDH
20
SDTI Hold Time
tSDS
20
SDTI Setup Time
Note 14. BICK rising edge must not occur at the same time as LRCK edge.
MS0683-E-02
max
36.864
70
Units
MHz
%
48
96
192
55
kHz
kHz
kHz
%
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
2007/12
-7-
[AK4420]
■ Timing Diagram
1/fCLK
VIH
MCLK
VIL
tCLKH
tCLKL
dCLK=tCLKH x fCLK, tCLKL x fCLK
1/fs
VIH
LRCK
VIL
tBCK
VIH
BICK
VIL
tBCKH
tBCKL
Figure 1. Clock Timing
VIH
LRCK
VIL
tBLR
tLRB
VIH
BICK
VIL
tSDH
tSDS
VIH
SDTI
VIL
Figure 2. Serial Interface Timing
MS0683-E-02
2007/12
-8-
[AK4420]
OPERATION OVERVIEW
■ System Clock
The external clocks required to operate the AK4420 are MCLK, LRCK and BICK. The master clock (MCLK) should be
synchronized with LRCK but the phase is not critical. The MCLK is used to operate the digital interpolation filter and the
delta-sigma modulator. Sampling speed and MCLK frequency are detected automatically and then the internal master
clock is set to the appropriate frequency (Table 1).
The AK4420 is automatically placed in power saving mode when MCLK and LRCK stop during normal operation mode,
and the analog output is forced to 0V(typ). When MCLK and LRCK are input again, the AK4420 is powered up. After
power-up, the AK4420 is in the power-down mode until MCLK and LRCK are input.
LRCK
fs
32.0kHz
44.1kHz
48.0kHz
32.0kHz
44.1kHz
48.0kHz
88.2kHz
96.0kHz
176.4kHz
192.0kHz
128fs
-
192fs
-
22.5792
24.5760
33.8688
36.8640
256fs
8.192
11.2896
12.288
22.5792
24.5760
-
MCLK (MHz)
384fs
512fs
16.3840
22.5792
24.5760
12.288
16.9344
18.432
33.8688
36.8640
-
768fs
24.5760
33.8688
36.8640
1152fs
36.8640
-
-
-
Sampling
Speed
Normal
Double
Quad
Table 1. system clock example
When MCLK= 256fs/384fs, the AK4420 supports sampling rate of 32kHz~96kHz (Table 2). But, when the sampling rate
is 32kHz~48kHz, DR and S/N will degrade by approximately 3dB as compared to when MCLK= 512fs/768fs.
MCLK
256fs/384fs
512fs/768fs
DR,S/N
102dB
105dB
Table 2. Relationship between MCLK frequency and DR, S/N (fs= 44.1kHz)
■ Audio Serial Interface Format
The audio data is shifted in via the SDTI pin using the BICK and LRCK inputs. The DIF pin can select between two serial
data modes as shown in Table 3. In all modes the serial data is MSB-first, two’s complement format and it is latched on
the rising edge of BICK. In one cycle of LRCK, eight “H” pulses or more must not be input to the DIF pin.
Mode
0
1
DIF
L
H
SDTI Format
24bit MSB justified
24bit I2S
BICK
≥48fs
≥48fs
Figure
Figure 3
Figure 4
Table 3. Audio Data Formats
MS0683-E-02
2007/12
-9-
[AK4420]
LRCK
0
1
2
22
23
24
30
31
0
1
2
22
23
24
30
31
0
1
BICK
(64fs)
SDTI
23 22
1
0
Don’t care
23 22
0
1
Don’t care
23
22
23:MSB, 0:LSB
Lch Data
Rch Data
Figure 3. Mode 0 Timing
LRCK
0
1
2
3
23
24
25
31
0
1
2
3
23
24
25
31
0
1
BICK
(64fs)
SDTI
23 22
1
0
Don’t care
23 22
1
0
Don’t care
23
23:MSB, 0:LSB
Lch Data
Rch Data
Figure 4. Mode 1 Timing
■ Zero detect function
When the input data for both channels are continuously zeros for 8192 LRCK cycles, the DZF pin is set to “H”. The DZF
pin immediately is set to “L” if the input data for both channels are not zero after going to DZF “H”.
MS0683-E-02
2007/12
- 10 -
[AK4420]
■ Analog output block
The internal negative power supply generation circuit (Figure 5) provides a negative power supply for the internal 2Vrms
amplifier. It allows the AK4420 to output an audio signal centered at VSS (0V, typ) as shown in Figure 6. The negative
power generation circuit (Figure 5) needs 1.0uF capacitors (Ca, Cb) with low ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance). If this
capacitor is polarized, the positive polarity pin should be connected to the CP and VSS2 pins. This circuit operates by
clocks generated from MCLK. When MCLK stops, the AK4420 is placed in the reset mode automatically and the analog
outputs settle to VSS (0V, typ).
AK4420
CVDD
Charge
Pump
CP
CN
Negative Power
VSS2
(+)
1uF
Ca
Cb
(+)
VEE
1uF
Figure 5. Negative power generation circuit
AK4420
2.12Vrms
0V
AOUTR
(AOUTL)
Figure 6. Audio signal output
MS0683-E-02
2007/12
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[AK4420]
■ Soft Mute Operation
Soft mute operation is performed in the digital domain. When the SMUTE pin is set “H”, the output signal is attenuated to
-∞ in 1024 LRCK cycles. When the SMUTE pin is returned to “L”, the mute is cancelled and the output attenuation
gradually changes to 0dB in 1024 LRCK cycles. If the soft mute is cancelled within the 1024 LRCK cycles after starting
this operation, the attenuation is discontinued and it is returned to 0dB by the same cycle. Soft mute is effective for
changing the signal source without stopping the signal transmission.
SMUTE pin
1024/fs
0dB
1024/fs
(1)
(3)
Attenuation
-∞
GD
(2)
GD
AOUT
DZF pin
(4)
8192/fs
Notes:
(1) The time for input data be attenuation to -∞, is
Normal Speed Mode: 1024 LRCK cycles (1020/fs).
Double Speed Mode: 2048 LRCK cycles (2048/fs).
Quad Speed Mode : 4096 LRCK cycles (4096/fs).
(2) The analog output corresponding to a specific digital input has a group delay, GD.
(3) If soft mute is cancelled before attenuating to -∞ after starting the operation, the attenuation is discontinued and
returned to ATT level in the same cycle.
(4) When the input data for both channels are continuously zeros for 8192 LRCK cycles, the DZF pin is set to “H”. The
DZF pin immediately is set to “L” if the input data are not zero after going to DZF “H”.
Figure 7. Soft Mute and Zero detect function
MS0683-E-02
2007/12
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[AK4420]
■ System Reset
The AK4420 is in power down mode upon power-up. The MLCK should be input after the power supplies are ramped up.
The AK4420 is in power-down mode until LRCK are input.
Power Supply
(VDD, CVDD)
(6)
MCLK
Low
20 us
Analog
Circuit
Digital
Circuit
Charge Pump
Circuit
(1)
Power down
Power down
(2)
Power-up
2, 3
LRCK
Power down
Power-up
Power-up
(3)
Charge Pump
Time A
Counter circuit
D/A In
(Digital)
“0” data
D/A Out
(Analog)
DZF
MUTE (D/A Out)
(4)
(5)
Notes:
(1) Approximately 20us after a MCLK input is detected, the internal analog circuit is powered-up.
(2) The digital circuit is powered-up after 2 or 3 LRCK cycles following the detection of MCLK.
(3) The charge pump counter starts after the charge pump circuit is powered-up. The DAC outputs a valid analog signal
after Time A.
Time A = 1024/ (fs x 16): Normal speed mode
Time A = 1024/ (fs x 8) : Double speed mode
Time A = 1024/ (fs x 4) : Quadruple speed mode
(4) No audible click noise occurs under normal conditions.
(5) The DZF pin is “L” in the power-down mode.
(6) The power supply must be powered-up when the MCLK pin is “L”. MCLK must be input after 20us when the power
supply voltage achieves 80% of VDD. If not, click noise may occur at a different time from this figure.
Figure 8. System reset diagram
MS0683-E-02
2007/12
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[AK4420]
■ Reset Function
When the MCLK or LRCK stops, the AK4420 is placed in reset mode and its analog outputs are set to VSS (0V, typ).
When the MCLK and LRCK are restarted, the AK4420 returns to normal operation mode. The BICK can be stopped
when MCLK or LRCK is stopped, but it must not be stopped when MCLK and LRCK are supplied.
Internal
Normal Operation
Reset
Normal Operation
State
D/A In
(Digital)
(1)
GD
D/A Out
(Analog)
(3)
VSS
(2)
(3)
<Case1:MCLK Stop>
Clock In
(4) MCLK Stop
MCLK, BICK, LRCK
(6)
DZF
<Case2:LRCK Stop>
Clock In
(4) (5) LRCK Stop
MCLK, BICK, LRCK
(6)
DZF
Notes:
(1) Digital data can be stopped. The click noise after MCLK and LRCK are input again can be reduced by inputting
the “0” data during this period.
(2) The analog output corresponding to a specific digital input has group delay (GD).
(3) No audible click noise occurs under normal conditions.
(4) Clocks (MCLK, BICK, LRCK) can be stopped in the reset mode (MCLK or LRCK is stopped).
(5) The AK4420 detects the stop of LRCK if LRCK stops for more than 2048/fs. When LRCK is stopped, the
AK4420 exits reset mode after LRCK is inputted..
(6) The DZF pin is set to “L” in the reset mode.
Figure 9. Reset Timing Example
MS0683-E-02
2007/12
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[AK4420]
SYSTEM DESIGN
Figure 10 shows the system connection diagram. An evaluation board (AKD4420) is available for fast evaluation as well
as suggestions for peripheral circuitry.
CN
VEE 16
2
CP
VSS2 15
3
SMUTE
Master Clock
4
MCLK
64fs
5
BICK
24bit Audio Data
6
SDTI
fs
7
LRCK
AOUTL 10
8
DIF
AOUTR
1u (1)
ModeSetting
Digital Ground
+
CVDD 14
DZF 13
AK4420
VSS1 12
VDD 11
9
Analog
5.0V
1u (1)
+
1
0.1u
+ 10u
10Ω
External Mute Circuits
0.1u
+ 10u
Lch Out
Rch Out
Analog Ground
Note:
Use low ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) capacitors. When using polarized capacitors, the positive polarity pin
should be connected to the CP and VSS2 pin.
VSS1 and VSS2 should be separated from digital system ground.
Digital input pins should not be allowed to float.
Figure 10. Typical Connection Diagram
MS0683-E-02
2007/12
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[AK4420]
1. Grounding and Power Supply Decoupling
VDD, CVDD and VSS are supplied from the analog supply and should be separated from the system digital supply.
Decoupling capacitors, especially 0.1μF ceramic capacitors for high frequency bypass, should be placed as near to VDD
and CVDD as possible. The differential voltage between VDD and VSS pins set the analog output range. The power-up
sequence between VDD and CVDD is not critical.
2. Analog Outputs
The analog outputs are single-ended and centered around the VSS (ground) voltage. The output signal range is typically
2.12Vrms (typ @VDD=5V). The internal switched-capacitor filter (SCF) and continuous-time filter (CTF) attenuate the
noise generated by the delta-sigma modulator beyond the audio passband. Using single a 1st-order LPF (Figure 11) can
reduce noise beyond the audio passband. Figure 12 shows example in the case of 10kΩ, 100kΩ terminus.
The output voltage is a positive full scale for 7FFFFFH (@24bit data) and a negative full scale for 800000H (@24bit
data). The ideal output is 0V (VSS) voltage for 000000H (@24bit data). The DC offset is ±60mV or less.
AK4420
470
Analog
Out
AOUT
2.2nF
2.12Vrms (typ)
(fc = 154kHz, gain = -0.28dB @ 40kHz, gain = -1.04dB @ 80kHz)
Figure 11. External 1st order LPF Circuit Example1
AK4420
47μ
820
220
AOUT
47k
1000pF
Analog
Out
10kÆ1.92Vrms (typ)
100kÆ2.1Vrms (typ)
Figure 12. External 1st order LPF Circuit Example2
MS0683-E-02
2007/12
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[AK4420]
PACKAGE
16pin TSSOP (Unit: mm)
*5.0±0.1
9
A
8
1
0.13 M
6.4±0.2
*4.4±0.1
16
1.05±0.05
0.22±0.1
0.65
0.17±0.05
Detail A
Seating Plane
0.5±0.2
0.1±0.1
0.10
NOTE: Dimension "*" does not include mold flash.
0-10°
■ Package & Lead frame material
Package molding compound:
Lead frame material:
Lead frame surface treatment:
Epoxy
Cu
Solder (Pb free) plate
MS0683-E-02
2007/12
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[AK4420]
MARKING
AKM
4420ET
XXYYY
1)
2)
3)
4)
Pin #1 indication
Date Code : XXYYY (5 digits)
XX:
Lot#
YYY: Date Code
Marketing Code : 4420ET
Asahi Kasei Logo
REVISION HISTORY
Date (YY/MM/DD)
07/11/05
Revision
00
07/12/04
01
Reason
First Edition
Error
Correction
Page
Contents
13
Figure 8.
The description of the click noise was corrected.
Figure 9.
The description of the click noise was corrected.
“The BICK can be stopped when MCLK or LRCK is
stopped, but it must not be stopped when MCLK and
LRCK are supplied.” was deleted.
14
07/12/17
02
Error
Correction
14
MS0683-E-02
2007/12
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[AK4420]
IMPORTANT NOTICE
z These products and their specifications are subject to change without notice.
When you consider any use or application of these products, please make inquiries the sales office of Asahi Kasei
EMD Corporation (AKEMD) or authorized distributors as to current status of the products.
z AKEMD assumes no liability for infringement of any patent, intellectual property, or other rights in the application or
use of any information contained herein.
z Any export of these products, or devices or systems containing them, may require an export license or other official
approval under the law and regulations of the country of export pertaining to customs and tariffs, currency exchange,
or strategic materials.
z AKEMD products are neither intended nor authorized for use as critical componentsNote1) in any safety, life support, or
other hazard related device or systemNote2), and AKEMD assumes no responsibility for such use, except for the use
approved with the express written consent by Representative Director of AKEMD. As used here:
Note1) A critical component is one whose failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to result,
whether directly or indirectly, in the loss of the safety or effectiveness of the device or system containing it, and
which must therefore meet very high standards of performance and reliability.
Note2) A hazard related device or system is one designed or intended for life support or maintenance of safety or
for applications in medicine, aerospace, nuclear energy, or other fields, in which its failure to function or perform
may reasonably be expected to result in loss of life or in significant injury or damage to person or property.
z It is the responsibility of the buyer or distributor of AKEMD products, who distributes, disposes of, or otherwise
places the product with a third party, to notify such third party in advance of the above content and conditions, and the
buyer or distributor agrees to assume any and all responsibility and liability for and hold AKEMD harmless from any
and all claims arising from the use of said product in the absence of such notification.
MS0683-E-02
2007/12
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