ATMEL AT91M55800A At91 arm thumb microcontroller Datasheet

Features
• Utilizes the ARM7TDMI™ ARM Thumb Processor Core
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– High-performance 32-bit RISC Architecture
– High-density 16-bit Instruction Set
– Leader in MIPS/Watt
– Embedded ICE (In-Circuit Emulation)
8K Bytes Internal SRAM
Fully-programmable External Bus Interface (EBI)
– Maximum External Address Space of 128M Bytes
– Eight Chip Selects
– Software Programmable 8/16-bit External Databus
8-level Priority, Individually Maskable, Vectored Interrupt Controller
– Seven External Interrupts, Including a High-priority, Low-latency Interrupt Request
Fifty-eight Programmable I/O Lines
6-channel 16-bit Timer/Counter
– Six External Clock Inputs and Two Multi-purpose I/O Pins per Channel
Three USARTs
Master/Slave SPI Interface
– 8-bit to 16-bit Programmable Data Length
– Four External Slave Chip Selects
Programmable Watchdog Timer
8-channel 10-bit ADC
2-channel 10-bit DAC
Clock Generator with On-chip Main Oscillator and PLL for Multiplication
– 3 to 20 MHz Frequency Range Main Oscillator
Real-time Clock with On-chip 32 kHz Oscillator
– Battery Backup Operation and External Alarm
8-channel Peripheral Data Controller for USARTs and SPIs
Advanced Power Management Controller (APMC)
– Normal, Wait, Slow, Standby and Power-down modes
IEEE 1149.1 JTAG Boundary-scan on all Digital Pins
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
2.7V to 3.6V Core Operating Range
2.7V to 5.5V I/O Operating Range
2.7V to 3.6V Analog Operating Range
1.8V to 3.6V Backup Battery Operating Range
2.7V to 3.6V Oscillator and PLL Operating Range
-40°C to +85°C Temperature Range
Available in a 176-lead TQFP or 176-ball BGA Package
AT91
ARM® Thumb®
Microcontrollers
AT91M55800A
Description
The AT91M55800A is a member of the Atmel AT91 16/32-bit microcontroller family,
which is based on the ARM7TDMI processor core. This processor has a high-performance 32-bit RISC architecture with a high-density 16-bit instruction set and very low
power consumption. In addition, a large number of internally banked registers result in
very fast exception handling, making the device ideal for real-time control applications.
The fully programmable External Bus Interface provides a direct connection to off-chip
memory in as fast as one clock cycle for a read or write operation. An eight-level priority vectored interrupt controller in conjunction with the peripheral data controller
significantly improve the real-time performance of the device.
The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density CMOS technology. By combining the ARM7TDMI processor core with an on-chip SRAM, a wide range of peripheral
functions, analog interfaces and low-power oscillators on a monolithic chip, the Atmel
AT91M55800A is a powerful microcontroller that provides a highly-flexible and costeffective solution to many ultra low-power applications.
Rev. 1745C–ATARM–12/02
1
Pin Configurations
Table 1. Pin Configuration for 176-lead TQFP Package
Pin
AT91M55800A
Pin
AT91M55800A
Pin
AT91M55800A
Pin
AT91M55800A
1
GND
45
GND
89
GND
133
GND
2
GND
46
GND
90
GND
134
GND
3
NCS0
47
D8
91
PA19/RXD1
135
NCS4
4
NCS1
48
D9
92
PA20/SCK2
136
NCS5
5
NCS2
49
D10
93
PA21/TXD2
137
NCS6
6
NCS3
50
D11
94
PA22/RXD2
138
NCS7
7
NLB/A0
51
D12
95
PA23/SPCK
139
PB0
8
A1
52
D13
96
PA24/MISO
140
PB1
9
A2
53
D14
97
PA25/MOSI
141
PB2
10
A3
54
D15
98
PA26/NPCS0/NSS
142
PB3/IRQ4
11
A4
55
PB19/TCLK0
99
PA27/NPCS1
143
PB4/IRQ5
12
A5
56
PB20/TIOA0
100
PA28/NPCS2
144
PB5
13
A6
57
PB21/TIOB0
101
PA29/NPCS3
145
PB6/AD0TRIG
14
A7
58
PB22/TCLK1
102
VDDIO
146
PB7/AD1TRIG
15
VDDIO
59
VDDIO
103
GND
147
VDDIO
16
GND
60
GND
104
VDDPLL
148
GND
17
A8
61
PB23/TIOA1
105
XIN
149
PB8
18
A9
62
PB24/TIOB1
106
XOUT
150
PB9
19
A10
63
PB25/TCLK2
107
GNDPLL
151
PB10
20
A11
64
PB26/TIOA2
108
PLLRC
152
PB11
21
A12
65
PB27/TIOB2
109
VDDBU(2)
153
PB12
22
A13
66
PA0/TCLK3
110
XIN32(2)
154
PB13
23
A14
67
PA1/TIOA3
111
XOUT32(2)
155
PB14
24
A15
68
PA2/TIOB3
112
NRSTBU(2)
156
PB15
25
A16
69
PA3/TCLK4
113
GNDBU(2)
157
PB16
26
A17
70
PA4/TIOA4
114
WAKEUP(2)
158
PB17
27
A18
71
PA5/TIOB4
115
SHDN(2)
159
NWDOVF
28
A19
72
PA6/TCLK5
116
GNDBU(2)
160
MCKO
29
VDDIO
73
VDDIO
117
VDDA(1)
161
VDDIO
30
GND
74
GND
118
AD0(1)
162
GND
31
A20
75
PA7/TIOA5
119
AD1(1)
163
PB18/BMS
32
A21
76
PA8/TIOB5
120
AD2(1)
164
JTAGSEL
33
A22
77
PA9/IRQ0
121
AD3(1)
165
TMS
34
A23
78
PA10/IRQ1
122
AD4(1)
166
TDI
35
D0
79
PA11/IRQ2
123
AD5(1)
167
TDO
36
D1
80
PA12/IRQ3
124
AD6(1)
168
TCK
37
D2
81
PA13/FIQ
125
AD7(1)
169
NTRST
38
D3
82
PA14/SCK0
126
ADVREF(1)
170
NRST
39
D4
83
PA15/TXD0
127
DAVREF(1)
171
NWAIT
40
D5
84
PA16/RXD0
128
DA0(1)
172
NOE/NRD
41
D6
85
PA17/SCK1
129
DA1(1)
173
NWE/NWR0
42
D7
86
PA18/TXD1/NTRI
130
GNDA(1)
174
NUB/NWR1
43
VDDCORE
87
VDDCORE
131
VDDCORE
175
VDDCORE
44
VDDIO
88
VDDIO
132
VDDIO
176
VDDIO
Notes:
2
1. Analog pins
2. Battery backup pins
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Table 2. Pin Configuration for 176-ball BGA Package
Pin
AT91M55800A
Pin
AT91M55800A
Pin
AT91M55800A
Pin
AT91M55800A
A1
NCS1
C1
A0/NLB
E1
A4
G1
A12
A2
NWAIT
C2
NCS0
E2
A3
G2
A9
A3
NRST
C3
VDDIO
E3
A5
G3
A8
A4
NTRST
C4
VDDCORE
E4
GND
G4
GND
A5
PB18/BMS
C5
TMS
E5
–
G5
–
A6
NWDOVF
C6
VDDIO
E6
–
G6
–
A7
PB16
C7
MCK0
E7
–
G7
–
A8
PB12
C8
PB13
E8
–
G8
–
A9
PB10
C9
PB6/AD0TRIG
E9
–
G9
–
A10
PB9
C10
VDDIO
E10
–
G10
–
A11
PB8
C11
PB4/IRQ5
E11
–
G11
–
A12
NCS7
C12
PB0
E12
AD6
G12
AD3
A13
NCS6
C13
VDDIO
E13
AD5
G13
AD2
A14
GND
C14
DA0
E14
NRSTBU
G14
GND
A15
DAVREF
C15
ADVREF
E15
GNDBU
G15
XIN32
B1
NCS2
D1
A2
F1
A10
H1
A15
B2
NUB/NWR1
D2
A1
F2
A7
H2
A14
B3
NWE/NWR0
D3
NCS3
F3
VDDIO
H3
A13
B4
NOE/NRD
D4
GND
F4
A6
H4
A11
B5
TD0
D5
TCK
F5
–
H5
–
B6
TDI
D6
JTAGSEL
F6
–
H6
–
B7
PB17
D7
GND
F7
–
H7
–
B8
PB11
D8
PB15
F8
–
H8
–
B9
PB7/AD1TRIG
D9
PB14
F9
–
H9
–
B10
PB3/IRQ4
D10
PB5
F10
–
H10
–
B11
PB2
D11
PB1
F11
–
H11
–
B12
NCS5
D12
GND
F12
GND
H12
AD1
B13
NCS4
D13
VDDCORE
F13
AD4
H13
AD0
B14
DA1
D14
AD7
F14
VDDBU
H14
WAKEUP
B15
GNDA
D15
VDDA
F15
XOUT32
H15
GND
3
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Table 2. Pin Configuration for 176-ball BGA Package (Continued)
4
Pin
AT91M55800A
Pin
AT91M55800A
Pin
AT91M55800A
Pin
AT91M55800A
J1
A17
L1
A20
N1
D4
R1
D10
J2
A18
L2
A23
N2
D6
R2
D11
J3
VDDIO
L3
D0
N3
VDDIO
R3
D12
J4
A16
L4
D1
N4
D14
R4
D13
J5
–
L5
–
N5
PB19/TCLK0
R5
PB20/TIOA0
J6
–
L6
–
N6
VDDIO
R6
PB23/TIOA1
J7
–
L7
–
N7
PB25/TCLK2
R7
PB24/TIOB1
J8
–
L8
–
N8
PA1/TIOA3
R8
PA3/TCLK4
J9
–
L9
–
N9
VDDIO
R9
PA4/TIOA4
J10
–
L10
–
N10
PA8/TIOB5
R10
PA5/TIOB4
J11
–
L11
–
N11
PA9/IRQ0
R11
PA6/TCLK5
J12
PA29/NPCS3
L12
PA25/MOSI
N12
VDDCORE
R12
PA12/IRQ3
J13
SHDN
L13
PA22RXD2
N13
VDDIO
R13
PA14/SCK0
J14
VDDPLL
L14
PA26/NPCS0/NSS
N14
PA19/RXD1
R14
PA15/TXD0
J15
PLLRC
L15
XOUT
N15
GND
R15
PA16/RXD0
K1
A19
M1
D2
P1
D5
K2
A22
M2
D3
P2
D7
K3
A21
M3
VDDCORE
P3
D8
K4
GND
M4
GND
P4
D9
K5
–
M5
GND
P5
D15
K6
–
M6
PB21/TIOB0
P6
PB22/TCLK1
K7
–
M7
GND
P7
PB26/TIOA2
K8
–
M8
PB27/TIOB2
P8
PA2/TIOB3
K9
–
M9
PA0/TCLK3
P9
PA7/TIOA5
K10
–
M10
GND
P10
PA10/IRQ1
K11
–
M11
PA23/SPCK
P11
PA11/IRQ2
K12
PA28/NPCS2
M12
GND
P12
PA13/FIQ
K13
VDDIO
M13
PA21/TXD2
P13
PA17SCK1
K14
PA27/NPCS1
M14
PA24/MISO
P14
PA18/TXD1/NTRI
K15
GNDPLL
M15
XIN
P15
PA20/SCK2
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Figure 1. 176-lead TQFP Pinout
132
89
133
88
176
45
1
44
Figure 2. 176-ball BGA Pinout
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
N
P
R
5
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Pin Description
Module
Type
Active
Level
Output
–
I/O
–
Chip select
Output
Low
NWR0
Lower byte 0 write signal
Output
Low
Used in Byte-write option
NWR1
Lower byte 1 write signal
Output
Low
Used in Byte-write option
NRD
Read signal
Output
Low
Used in Byte-write option
NWE
Write enable
Output
Low
Used in Byte-select option
NOE
Output enable
Output
Low
Used in Byte-select option
NUB
Upper byte-select
Output
Low
Used in Byte-select option
NLB
Lower byte-select
Output
Low
Used in Byte-select option
NWAIT
Wait input
Input
Low
BMS
Boot mode select
Input
–
Sampled during reset
IRQ0 - IRQ5
External interrupt request
Input
–
PIO-controlled after reset
FIQ
Fast external interrupt request
Input
–
PIO-controlled after reset
TCLK0 - TCLK5
Timer external clock
Input
–
PIO-controlled after reset
TIOA0 - TIOA5
Multipurpose timer I/O pin A
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
TIOB0 - TIOB5
Multipurpose timer I/O pin B
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
SCK0 - SCK2
External serial clock
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
TXD0 - TXD2
Transmit data output
Output
–
PIO-controlled after reset
RXD0 - RXD2
Receive data input
Input
–
PIO-controlled after reset
SPCK
SPI clock
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
MISO
Master in slave out
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
MOSI
Master out slave in
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
NSS
Slave select
Input
Low
PIO-controlled after reset
NPCS0 - NPCS3
Peripheral chip select
Output
Low
PIO-controlled after reset
PA0 - PA29
Parallel I/O port A
I/O
–
Input after reset
PB0 - PB27
Parallel I/O port B
I/O
–
Input after reset
NWDOVF
Watchdog timer overflow
Output
Low
AD0-AD7
Analog input channels 0 - 7
Analog in
–
AD0TRIG
ADC0 external trigger
Input
–
PIO-controlled after reset
AD1TRIG
ADC1 external trigger
Input
–
PIO-controlled after reset
ADVREF
Analog reference
Analog ref
–
DA0 - DA1
Analog output channels 0 - 1
Analog out
–
DAVREF
Analog reference
Analog ref
–
Name
Function
A0 - A23
Address bus
D0 - D15
Data bus
NCS0 - NCS7
Comments
EBI
AIC
Timer
USART
SPI
PIO
WD
Open drain
ADC
DAC
6
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Pin Description (Continued)
Module
Name
Function
Type
Active
Level
XIN
Main oscillator input
Input
–
XOUT
Main oscillator output
Output
–
PLLRC
RC filter for PLL
Input
–
XIN32
32 kHz oscillator input
Input
–
XOUT32
32 kHz oscillator output
Output
–
MCKO
System clock
Output
–
WAKEUP
Wakeup request
Input
–
SHDN
Shutdown request
Output
–
NRST
Hardware reset input
Input
Low
Schmidt trigger
NRSTBU
Hardware reset input for battery
part
Input
Low
Schmidt trigger
NTRI
Tri-state mode select
Input
Low
Sampled during reset
JTAGSEL
Selects between ICE and JTAG
mode
Input
–
TMS
Test mode select
Input
–
Schmidt trigger, internal pull-up
TDI
Test data input
Input
–
Schmidt trigger, internal pull-up
TDO
Test data output
Output
–
TCK
Test clock
Input
–
Schmidt trigger, internal pull-up
NTRST
Test reset input
Input
Low
Schmidt trigger, internal pull-up
VDDA
Analog power
Analog pwr
–
GNDA
Analog ground
Analog gnd
–
VDDBU
Power backup
Power
–
GNDBU
Ground backup
Ground
–
VDDCORE
Digital core power
Power
–
VDDIO
Digital I/O power
Power
–
VDDPLL
Main oscillator and PLL power
Power
–
GND
Digital ground
Ground
–
GNDPLL
PLL ground
Ground
–
Comments
Clock
APMC
Reset
JTAG/ICE
Power
Tri-state after backup reset
7
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Block Diagram
JTAGSEL
JTAGSEL
NTRST
TMS
TDO
TDI
TCK
NRST
Reset
Embedded
ICE
VDDIO, VDDCORE
ARM7TDMI Core
GND
JTAG
PA20/SCK2
PA21/TXD2
PA22/RXD2
PA23/SPCK
PA24/MISO
PA25/MOSI
PA26/NPCS0/NSS
PA27/NPCS1
PA28/NPCS2
PA29/NPCS3
NWDOVF
D0 - D15
A1 - A23
Internal RAM
8K Bytes
P
I
O
B
ASB
Controller
A0/NLB
NRD/NOE
NWR0/NWE
NWR1/NUB
NWAIT
NCS0 - NCS7
AMBA Bridge
AIC:
Advanced
Interrupt
Controller
EBI User
Interface
PB18/BMS
PA14/SCK0
PA15/TXD0
PA16/RXD0
PA17/SCK1
PA18/TXD1/NTRI
PA19/RXD1
ASB
EBI: External
Bus Interface
PB0
PB1
PB2
PB5
PB8
PB9
PB10
PB11
PB12
PB13
PB14
PB15
PB16
PB17
PB3/IRQ4
PB4/IRQ5
PA9/IRQ0
PA10/IRQ1
PA11/IRQ2
PA12/IRQ3
PA13/FIQ
USART0
2 PDC
Channels
USART1
2 PDC
Channels
PIOB
Controller
APB
P
I
O
A
USART2
SPI: Serial
Peripheral
Interface
2 PDC
Channels
2 PDC
Channels
TC: Timer
Counter
Block 0
TC0
P
I
O
B
PB19/TCLK0
PB22/TCLK1
PB25/TCLK2
PB20/TIOA0
PB21/TIOB0
TC1
PB23/TIOA1
PB24/TIOB1
TC2
PB26/TIOA2
PB27/TIOB2
TC: Timer
Counter
Block 1
PA0/TCLK3
PA3/TCLK4
PA6/TCLK5
TC3
PIOA Controller
TC4
WD: Watchdog Timer
TC5
P
I
O
A
PA1/TIOA3
PA2/TIOB3
PA4/TIOA4
PA5/TIOB4
PA7/TIOA5
PA8/TIOB5
VDDPLL
VDDA
DA0
Chip ID
Clock
Generator
PLL
DAC0
DAVREF
DA1
PB6/AD0TRIG
AD0
AD1
AD2
AD3
XIN
16 MHz
XOUT
PLLRC
GNDPLL
DAC1
4-Channel
ADC0
MCKO
APMC:
Advanced
Power
Management
Controller
VDDBU
SHDN
WAKEUP
ADVREF
AD4
AD5
AD6
AD7
PB7/AD1TRIG
GNDA
4-Channel
ADC1
Analog
RTC:
Real Time
Clock
Battery Backup
8
NRSTBU
XIN32
32.768 kHz
XOUT32
GNDBU
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Architectural
Overview
The AT91M55800A microcontroller integrates an ARM7TDMI with its embedded ICE
interface, memories and peripherals. Its architecture consists of two main buses, the
Advanced System Bus (ASB) and the Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB). Designed for
maximum performance and controlled by the memory controller, the ASB interfaces the
ARM7TDMI processor with the on-chip 32-bit memories, the External Bus Interface
(EBI) and the AMBA™ Bridge. The AMBA Bridge drives the APB, which is designed for
accesses to on-chip peripherals and optimized for low power consumption.
The AT91M55800A microcontroller implements the ICE port of the ARM7TDMI processor on dedicated pins, offering a complete, low cost and easy-to-use debug solution for
target debugging.
Memory
The AT91M55800A microcontroller embeds 8K bytes of internal SRAM. The internal
memory is directly connected to the 32-bit data bus and is single-cycle accessible.
The AT91M55800A microcontroller features an External Bus Interface (EBI), which
enables connection of external memories and application-specific peripherals. The EBI
supports 8- or 16-bit devices and can use two 8-bit devices to emulate a single 16-bit
device. The EBI implements the early read protocol, enabling faster memory accesses
than standard memory interfaces.
Peripherals
The AT91M55800A microcontroller integrates several peripherals, which are classified
as system or user peripherals. All on-chip peripherals are 32-bit accessible by the
AMBA Bridge, and can be programmed with a minimum number of instructions. The
peripheral register set is composed of control, mode, data, status and enable/disable/status registers.
An on-chip, 8-channel Peripheral Data Controller (PDC) transfers data between the onchip USARTs/SPI and the on and off-chip memories without processor intervention.
One PDC channel is connected to the receiving channel and one to the transmitting
channel of each USART and of the SPI.
Most importantly, the PDC removes the processor interrupt handling overhead and significantly reduces the number of clock cycles required for a data transfer. It can transfer
up to 64K contiguous bytes. As a result, the performance of the microcontroller is
increased and the power consumption reduced.
System Peripherals
The External Bus Interface (EBI) controls the external memory and peripheral devices
via an 8- or 16-bit data bus and is programmed through the APB. Each chip select line
has its own programming register.
The Advanced Power Management Controller (APMC) optimizes power consumption of
the product by controlling the clocking elements such as the oscillators and the PLL,
system and user peripheral clocks, and the power supplies.
The Advanced Interrupt Controller (AIC) controls the internal interrupt sources from the
internal peripherals and the eight external interrupt lines (including the FIQ), to provide
an interrupt and/or fast interrupt request to the ARM7TDMI. It integrates an 8-level priority controller and, using the Auto-vectoring feature, reduces the interrupt latency time.
The Real-time Clock (RTC) peripheral is designed for very low power consumption, and
combines a complete time-of-day clock with alarm and a two-hundred year Gregorian
calendar, complemented by a programmable periodic interrupt.
The Parallel Input/Output Controllers (PIOA and PIOB) control the 58 I/O lines. They
enable the user to select specific pins for on-chip peripheral input/output functions, and
9
1745C–ATARM–12/02
general-purpose input/output signal pins. The PIO controllers can be programmed to
detect an interrupt on a signal change from each line.
The Watchdog (WD) can be used to prevent system lock-up if the software becomes
trapped in a deadlock.
The Special Function (SF) module integrates the Chip ID and Reset Status registers.
User Peripherals
Three USARTs, independently configurable, enable communication at a high baud rate
in synchronous or asynchronous mode. The format includes start, stop and parity bits
and up to 8 data bits. Each USART also features a Timeout and a Time Guard Register,
facilitating the use of the two dedicated Peripheral Data Controller (PDC) channels.
The six 16-bit Timer/Counters (TC) are highly programmable and support capture or
waveform modes. Each TC channel can be programmed to measure or generate different kinds of waves, and can detect and control two input/output signals. Each TC also
has three external clock signals.
The SPI provides communication with external devices in master or slave mode. It has
four external chip selects which can be connected to up to 15 devices. The data length
is programmable, from 8- to 16-bits.
The two identical 4-channel 10-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADC) are based on a
Successive Approximation Register (SAR) approach.
Associated Documentation
Information
Document Title
Internal architecture of processor
ARM/Thumb instruction sets
Embedded in-circuit-emulator
ARM7TDMI (Thumb) Datasheet
0673B
Mapping
Peripheral operation
Peripheral user interface
AT91M55800A Datasheet
1745A
Mechanical characteristics
Ordering information
AT91M55800A Summary Datasheet
Timings
DC Characteristics
AT91M55800A Electrical Characteristics Datasheet
10
Literature Number
1745AS
1727A
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Product Overview
Power Supplies
The AT91M55800A has 5 kinds of power supply pins:
•
VDDCORE pins, which power the chip core
•
VDDIO pins, which power the I/O Lines
•
VDDPLL pins, which power the oscillator and PLL cells
•
VDDA pins, which power the analog peripherals ADC and DAC
•
VDDBU pins, which power the RTC, the 32768 Hz oscillator and the Shut-down
Logic of the APMC
VDDIO and VDDCORE are separated to permit the I/O lines to be powered with 5V,
thus resulting in full TTL compliance.
The following ground pins are provided:
•
GND for both VDDCORE and VDDIO
•
GNDPLL for VDDPLL
•
GNDA for VDDA
•
GNDBU for VDDBU
All of these ground pins must be connected to the same voltage (generally the board
electric ground) with wires as short as possible. GNDPLL, GNDA and GNDBU are provided separately in order to allow the user to add a decoupling capacitor directly
between the power and ground pads. In the same way, the PLL filter resistor and capacitors must be connected to the device and to GNDBU with wires as short as possible.
Also, the main oscillator crystal and the 32768 Hz crystal external load capacitances
must be connected respectively to GNDPLL and to GNDBU with wires as short as
possible.
The main constraints applying to the different voltages of the device are:
•
VDDBU must be lower than or equal to VDDCORE
•
VDDA must be higher than or equal to VDDCORE
•
VDDCORE must be lower than or equal to VDDIO
The nominal power combinations supported by the AT91M55800A are described in the
following table:
Table 3. Nominal Power Combinations
Input/Output
Considerations
VDDIO
VDDCORE
VDDA
VDDPLL
VDDBU
Maximum Operating
Frequency
3V
3V
3V
3V
3V
33 MHz
3.3V
3.3V
3.3V
3.3V
3.3V
33 MHz
5V
3.3V
3.3V
3.3V
3.3V
33 MHz
After the reset, the peripheral I/Os are initialized as inputs to provide the user with maximum flexibility. It is recommended that in any application phase, the inputs to the
AT91M55800A microcontroller be held at valid logic levels to minimize the power
consumption.
11
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Master Clock
Master Clock is generated in one of the following ways, depending on programming in
the APMC registers:
•
From the 32768 Hz low-power oscillator that clocks the RTC
•
The on-chip main oscillator together with a PLL generate a software-programmable
main clock in the 500 Hz to 33 MHz range. The main oscillator can be bypassed to
allow the user to enter an external clock signal.
The Master Clock (MCK) is also provided as an output of the device on the pin MCKO,
whose state is controlled by the APMC module.
Reset
Reset restores the default states of the user interface registers (defined in the user interface of each peripheral), and forces the ARM7TDMI to perform the next instruction fetch
from address zero. Aside from the program counter, the ARM7TDMI registers do not
have defined reset states.
NRST Pin
NRST is active low-level input. It is asserted asynchronously, but exit from reset is synchronized internally to the MCK. At reset, the source of MCK is the Slow Clock (32768
Hz crystal), and the signal presented on MCK must be active within the specification for
a minimum of 10 clock cycles up to the rising edge of NRST, to ensure correct
operation.
Watchdog Reset
The watchdog can be programmed to generate an internal reset. In this case, the reset
has the same effect as the NRST pin assertion, but the pins BMS and NTRI are not
sampled. Boot Mode and Tri-state Mode are not updated. If the NRST pin is asserted
and the watchdog triggers the internal reset, the NRST pin has priority.
Emulation Functions
Tri-state Mode
The AT91M55800A provides a Tri-state Mode, which is used for debug purposes. This
enables the connection of an emulator probe to an application board without having to
desolder the device from the target board. In Tri-state Mode, all the output pin drivers of
the AT91M55800A microcontroller are disabled.
To enter Tri-state Mode, the pin NTRI must be held low during the last 10 clock cycles
before the rising edge of NRST. For normal operation the pin NTRI must be held high
during reset, by a resistor of up to 400K Ohm.
NTRI is multiplexed with I/O line PA18 and USART 1 serial data transmit line TXD1.
Standard RS232 drivers generally contain internal 400K Ohm pull-up resistors. If TXD1
is connected to a device not including this pull-up, the user must make sure that a high
level is tied on NTRI while NRST is asserted.
JTAG/ICE Debug Mode
ARM Standard Embedded In-Circuit Emulation is supported via the JTAG/ICE port. It is
connected to a host computer via an external ICE Interface. The JTAG/ICE debug mode
is enabled when JTAGSEL is low.
In ICE Debug Mode the ARM Core responds with a non-JTAG chip ID which identifies
the core to the ICE system. This is not JTAG compliant.
12
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
IEEE 1149.1 JTAG Boundaryscan
JTAG Boundary-scan is enabled when JTAGSEL is high. The functions SAMPLE,
EXTEST and BYPASS are implemented. There is no JTAG chip ID. The Special Function module provides a chip ID which is independent of JTAG.
It is not possible to switch directly between JTAG and ICE operations. A chip reset must
be performed (NRST and NTRST) after JTAGSEL is changed.
Memory Controller
The ARM7TDMI processor address space is 4G bytes. The memory controller decodes
the internal 32-bit address bus and defines three address spaces:
•
Internal memories in the four lowest megabytes
•
Middle space reserved for the external devices (memory or peripherals) controlled
by the EBI
•
Internal peripherals in the four highest megabytes
In any of these address spaces, the ARM7TDMI operates in Little-Endian mode only.
Internal Memories
The AT91M55800A microcontroller integrates an 8-Kbyte SRAM bank. This memory
bank is mapped at address 0x0 (after the remap command), allowing ARM7TDMI
exception vectors between 0x0 and 0x20 to be modified by the software. The rest of the
bank can be used for stack allocation (to speed up context saving and restoring), or as
data and program storage for critical algorithms. All internal memory is 32 bits wide and
single-clock cycle accessible. Byte (8-bit), half-word (16-bit) or word (32-bit) accesses
are supported and are executed within one cycle. Fetching Thumb or ARM instructions
is supported and internal memory can store twice as many Thumb instructions as ARM
ones.
Boot Mode Select
The ARM reset vector is at address 0x0. After the NRST line is released, the
ARM7TDMI executes the instruction stored at this address. This means that this
address must be mapped in nonvolatile memory after the reset.
The input level on the BMS pin during the last 10 clock cycles before the rising edge of
the NRST selects the type of boot memory (see Table 4).
The pin BMS is multiplexed with the I/O line PB18 that can be programmed after reset
like any standard PIO line.
Table 4. Boot Mode Select
BMS
Boot Mode
1
External 8-bit memory on NCS0
0
External 16-bit memory on NCS0
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1745C–ATARM–12/02
Remap Command
The ARM vectors (Reset, Abort, Data Abort, Prefetch Abort, Undefined Instruction,
Interrupt, Fast Interrupt) are mapped from address 0x0 to address 0x20. In order to
allow these vectors to be redefined dynamically by the software, the AT91M55800A
microcontroller uses a remap command that enables switching between the boot memory and the internal RAM bank addresses. The remap command is accessible through
the EBI User Interface, by writing one in RCB of EBI_RCR (Remap Control Register).
Performing a remap command is mandatory if access to the other external devices (connected to chip selects 1 to 7) is required. The remap operation can only be changed
back by an internal reset or an NRST assertion.
Abort Control
The abort signal providing a Data Abort or a Prefetch Abort exception to the ARM7TDMI
is asserted when accessing an undefined address in the EBI address space.
No abort is generated when reading the internal memory or by accessing the internal
peripherals, whether the address is defined or not.
14
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
External Bus Interface
The External Bus Interface handles the accesses between addresses 0x0040 0000 and
0xFFC0 0000. It generates the signals that control access to the external devices, and
can configure up to eight 16-Mbyte banks. In all cases it supports byte, half-word and
word aligned accesses.
For each of these banks, the user can program:
•
Number of wait states
•
Number of data float times (wait time after the access is finished to prevent any bus
contention in case the device is too long in releasing the bus)
•
Data bus width (8-bit or 16-bit)
•
With a 16-bit wide data bus, the user can program the EBI to control one 16-bit
device (Byte Access Select Mode) or two 8-bit devices in parallel that emulate a 16bit memory (Byte-write Access mode).
The External Bus Interface features also the Early Read Protocol, configurable for all the
devices, that significantly reduces access time requirements on an external device.
Peripherals
The AT91M55800A peripherals are connected to the 32-bit wide Advanced Peripheral
Bus. Peripheral registers are only word accessible – byte and half-word accesses are
not supported. If a byte or a half-word access is attempted, the memory controller automatically masks the lowest address bits and generates a word access.
Each peripheral has a 16-Kbyte address space allocated (the AIC only has a 4-Kbyte
address space).
Peripheral Registers
The following registers are common to all peripherals:
•
Control Register – Write-only register that triggers a command when a one is written
to the corresponding position at the appropriate address. Writing a zero has no
effect.
•
Mode Register – read/write register that defines the configuration of the peripheral.
Usually has a value of 0x0 after a reset.
•
Data Register – read and/or write register that enables the exchange of data
between the processor and the peripheral.
•
Status Register – Read-only register that returns the status of the peripheral.
•
Enable/Disable/Status Registers – shadow command registers. Writing a one in the
Enable Register sets the corresponding bit in the Status Register. Writing a one in
the Disable Register resets the corresponding bit and the result can be read in the
Status Register. Writing a bit to zero has no effect. This register access method
maximizes the efficiency of bit manipulation, and enables modification of a register
with a single non-interruptible instruction, replacing the costly read-modify-write
operation.
Unused bits in the peripheral registers are shown as “–” and must be written at 0 for
upward compatibility. These bits read 0.
Peripheral Interrupt Control
The Interrupt Control of each peripheral is controlled from the status register using the
interrupt mask. The status register bits are ANDed to their corresponding interrupt mask
bits and the result is then ORed to generate the Interrupt Source signal to the Advanced
Interrupt Controller.
The interrupt mask is read in the Interrupt Mask Register and is modified with the Interrupt Enable Register and the Interrupt Disable Register. The enable/disable/status (or
mask) makes it possible to enable or disable peripheral interrupt sources with a non-
15
1745C–ATARM–12/02
interruptible single instruction. This eliminates the need for interrupt masking at the AIC
or Core level in real-time and multi-tasking systems.
Peripheral Data Controller
An on-chip, 8-channel Peripheral Data Controller (PDC) transfers data between the onchip USARTs/SPI and the on and off-chip memories without processor intervention.
One PDC channel is connected to the receiving channel and one to the transmitting
channel of each USART and SPI.
The user interface of a PDC channel is integrated in the memory space of each peripheral. It contains a 32-bit address pointer register and a 16-bit count register. When the
programmed data is transferred, an end of transfer interrupt is generated by the corresponding peripheral.
Most importantly, the PDC removes the processor interrupt handling overhead and significantly reduces the number of clock cycles required for a data transfer. It can transfer
up to 64K contiguous bytes. As a result, the performance of the microcontroller is
increased and the power consumption reduced.
System Peripherals
APMC: Advanced Power
Management Controller
RTC: Real-time Clock
The AT91M55800A Advanced Power Management Controller allows optimization of
power consumption. The APMC enables/disables the clock inputs of most of the peripherals and the ARM Core. Moreover, the main oscillator, the PLL and the analog
peripherals can be put in standby mode allowing minimum power consumption to be
obtained. The APMC provides the following operating modes:
•
Normal: clock generator provides clock to the entire chip except the RTC.
•
Wait mode: ARM Core clock deactivated
•
Slow Clock mode: clock generator deactivated, master clock 32 kHz
•
Standby mode: RTC active, all other clocks disabled
•
Power down: RTC active, supply on the rest of the circuit deactivated
The AT91M55800A features a Real-time Clock (RTC) peripheral that is designed for
very low power consumption. It combines a complete time-of-day clock with alarm and a
two-hundred year Gregorian calendar, complemented by a programmable periodic
interrupt.
The time and calendar values are coded in Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD) format. The
time format can be 24-hour mode or 12-hour mode with an AM/PM indicator.
Updating time and calendar fields and configuring the alarm fields is performed by a parallel capture on the 32-bit data bus. An entry control is performed to avoid loading
registers with incompatible BCD format data or with an incompatible date according to
the current month/ year/century.
AIC: Advanced Interrupt
Controller
The AIC has an 8-level priority, individually maskable, vectored interrupt controller, and
drives the NIRQ and NFIQ pins of the ARM7TDMI from:
•
The external fast interrupt line (FIQ)
•
The six external interrupt request lines (IRQ0 - IRQ5)
•
The interrupt signals from the on-chip peripherals.
The AIC is largely programmable offering maximum flexibility, and its vectoring features
reduce the real-time overhead in handling interrupts.
16
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
The AIC also features a spurious vector, which reduces Spurious Interrupt handling to a
minimum, and a protect mode that facilitates the debug capabilities.
PIO: Parallel I/O Controller
The AT91M55800A has 58 programmable I/O lines. 13 pins are dedicated as generalpurpose I/O pins. The other I/O lines are multiplexed with an external signal of a peripheral to optimize the use of available package pins. The PIO lines are controlled by two
separate and identical PIO Controllers called PIOA and PIOB. The PIO controller
enables the generation of an interrupt on input change and insertion of a simple input
glitch filter on any of the PIO pins.
WD: Watchdog
The Watchdog is built around a 16-bit counter, and is used to prevent system lock-up if
the software becomes trapped in a deadlock. It can generate an internal reset or interrupt, or assert an active level on the dedicated pin NWDOVF. All programming registers
are password-protected to prevent unintentional programming.
SF: Special Function
The AT91M55800A provides registers which implement the following special functions.
•
Chip identification
•
RESET status
User Peripherals
USART: Universal
Synchronous/
Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter
The AT91M55800A provides three identical, full-duplex, universal synchronous/asynchronous receiver/transmitters.
Each USART has its own baud rate generator, and two dedicated Peripheral Data Controller channels. The data format includes a start bit, up to 8 data bits, an optional
programmable parity bit and up to 2 stop bits.
The USART also features a Receiver Timeout register, facilitating variable-length frame
support when it is working with the PDC, and a Time-guard register, used when interfacing with slow remote equipment.
TC: Timer Counter
The AT91M55800A features two Timer Counter blocks that include three identical 16-bit
timer counter channels. Each channel can be independently programmed to perform a
wide range of functions including frequency measurement, event counting, interval measurement, pulse generation, delay timing and pulse-width modulation.
The Timer Counters can be used in Capture or Waveform mode, and all three counter
channels can be started simultaneously and chained together.
SPI: Serial Peripheral
Interface
The SPI provides communication with external devices in master or slave mode. It has
four external chip selects that can be connected to up to 15 devices. The data length is
programmable, from 8- to 16-bit.
ADC: Analog-to-digital
Converter
The two identical 4-channel 10-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADC) are based on a
Successive Approximation Register (SAR) approach.
Each ADC has 4 analog input pins, AD0 to AD3 and AD4 to AD7, digital trigger input
pins AD0TRIG and AD1TRIG, and provides an interrupt signal to the AIC. Both ADCs
share the analog power supply pins VDDA and GNDA, and the input reference voltage
pin ADVREF.
Each channel can be enabled or disabled independently, and has its own data register.
The ADC can be configured to automatically enter Sleep mode after a conversion
17
1745C–ATARM–12/02
sequence, and can be triggered by the software, the Timer Counter, or an external
signal.
DAC: Digital-to-analog
Converter
18
Each DAC has an analog output pin, DA0 and DA1, and provides an interrupt signal to
the AIC DA0IRQ and DA1IRQ. Both DACs share the analog power supply pins VDDA
and GNDA, and the input reference DAVREF.
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Memory Map
Figure 3. AT91M55800A Memory Map Before and after Remap Command
Before Remap
Address
Function
Size
After Remap
Abort Control
0xFFFFFFFF
Address
Function
Size
Abort Control
On-chip
Peripherals
4M Bytes
No
External
Devices
(up to 8)
Up to 8 Devices
Programmable Page Size
1, 4, 16, 64M Bytes
Yes
1M Byte
No
1M Byte
No
1M Byte
No
1M Byte
No
0xFFFFFFFF
On-chip
Peripherals
4M Bytes
No
0xFFC00000
0xFFC00000
0xFFBFFFFF
0xFFBFFFFF
Reserved
0x00400000
0x00400000
0x003FFFFF
0x003FFFFF
On-chip RAM
1M Byte
No
Reserved
0x00300000
0x00300000
0x002FFFFF
0x002FFFFF
Reserved
On-chip
Device
1M Byte
Reserved
On-chip
Device
No
0x00200000
0x00200000
0x001FFFFF
0x001FFFFF
Reserved
On-chip
Device
1M Byte
Reserved
On-chip
Device
No
0x00100000
0x00100000
0x000FFFFF
0x000FFFFF
External
Devices Selected
by NCS0
0x00000000
1M Byte
No
On-chip RAM
0x00000000
19
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Peripheral Memory Map
Figure 4. AT91M55800A Peripheral Memory Map
Address
Peripheral
Peripheral Name
Size
0xFFFFFFFF
AIC
Advanced Interrupt Controller
4K Bytes
0xFFFFF000
Reserved
0xFFFFBFFF
WD
WatchdogTimer
16K Bytes
APMC
Advanced Power
Management Controller
16K Bytes
PIO B
Parallel I/O Controller B
16K Bytes
Parallel I/O Controller A
16K Bytes
0xFFFF8000
0xFFFF7FFF
0xFFFF4000
0xFFFF3FFF
0xFFFF0000
0xFFFEFFFF
PIO A
0xFFFEC000
Reserved
0xFFFD7FFF
TC 3,4,5
Timer Counter Channels 3,4,5
16K Bytes
TC 0,1,2
Timer Counter Channels 0,1,2
16K Bytes
0xFFFD4000
0xFFFD3FFF
0xFFFD0000
Reserved
0xFFFCBFFF
USART2
Universal Synchronous/
Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter 2
16K Bytes
USART1
Universal Synchronous/
Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter 1
16K Bytes
USART0
Universal Synchronous/
Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter 0
16K Bytes
SPI
Serial Peripheral Interface
16K Bytes
RTC
Real-time Clock
16K Bytes
ADC1
Analog-to-digital Converter 1
16K Bytes
ADC0
Analog-to-digital Converter 0
16K Bytes
DAC1
Digital-to-analog Converter 1
16K Bytes
DAC0
Digital-to-analog Converter 0
16K Bytes
0xFFFC8000
0xFFFC7FFF
0xFFFC4000
0xFFFC3FFF
0xFFFC0000
0xFFFBFFFF
0xFFFBC000
0xFFFBBFFF
0xFFFB8000
0xFFFB7FFF
0xFFFB4000
0xFFFB3FFF
0xFFFB0000
0xFFFAFFFF
0xFFFAC000
0xFFFABFFF
0xFFFA8000
Reserved
0xFFF03FFF
SF
Special Function
16K Bytes
0xFFF00000
Reserved
0xFFE03FFF
EBI
External Bus Interface
16K Bytes
0xFFE00000
0xFFC00000
20
Reserved
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
EBI: External Bus
Interface
The EBI generates the signals that control the access to the external memory or peripheral devices. The EBI is fully-programmable and can address up to 128M bytes. It has
eight chip selects and a 24-bit address bus.
The 16-bit data bus can be configured to interface with 8- or 16-bit external devices.
Separate read and write control signals allow for direct memory and peripheral
interfacing.
The EBI supports different access protocols allowing single-clock cycle memory
accesses.
The main features are:
•
External memory mapping
•
8 active-low chip select lines
•
8- or 16-bit data bus
•
Byte-write or byte-select lines
•
Remap of boot memory
•
Two different read protocols
•
Programmable wait state generation
•
External wait request
•
Programmable data float time
The EBI User Interface is described on page 46.
21
1745C–ATARM–12/02
External Memory
Mapping
The memory map associates the internal 32-bit address space with the external 24-bit
address bus.
The memory map is defined by programming the base address and page size of the
external memories (see EBI User Interface registers EBI_CSR0 to EBI_CSR7). Note
that A0 - A23 is only significant for 8-bit memory; A1 - A23 is used for 16-bit memory.
If the physical memory device is smaller than the programmed page size, it wraps
around and appears to be repeated within the page. The EBI correctly handles any valid
access to the memory device within the page (see Figure 5).
In the event of an access request to an address outside any programmed page, an
Abort signal is generated. Two types of Abort are possible: instruction prefetch abort
and data abort. The corresponding exception vector addresses are respectively 0x0000
000C and 0x0000 0010. It is up to the system programmer to program the error handling
routine to use in case of an Abort (see the ARM7TDMI datasheet for further
information).
Figure 5. External Memory Smaller than Page Size
Base + 4M Byte
1-Mbyte Device
Hi
Repeat 3
Low
Base + 3M Byte
1-Mbyte Device
Memory
Map
Hi
Repeat 2
Low
Base + 2M Byte
1-Mbyte Device
Hi
Repeat 1
Low
Base + 1M Byte
1-Mbyte Device
Hi
Low
Base
22
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
EBI Pin Description
Name
Description
Type
A0 - A23
Address bus (output)
D0 - D15
Data bus (input/output)
NCS0 - NCS7
Active low chip selects (output)
Output
NRD
Read Enable (output)
Output
NWR0 - NWR1
Lower and upper write enable (output)
Output
NOE
Output enable (output)
Output
NWE
Write enable (output)
Output
NUB, NLB
Upper and lower byte-select (output)
Output
NWAIT
Wait request (input)
Output
I/O
Input
The following table shows how certain EBI signals are multiplexed:
Multiplexed Signals
Functions
A0
NLB
8- or 16-bit data bus
NRD
NOE
Byte-write or byte-select access
NWR0
NWE
Byte-write or byte-select access
NWR1
NUB
Byte-write or byte-select access
23
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Data Bus Width
A data bus width of 8 or 16 bits can be selected for each chip select. This option is controlled by the DBW field in the EBI_CSR (Chip-select Register) for the corresponding
chip select.
Figure 6 shows how to connect a 512K x 8-bit memory on NCS2.
Figure 6. Memory Connection for an 8-bit Data Bus
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D8 - D15
A1 - A18
EBI
A0
A1 - A18
A0
NWR1
NWR0
NRD
NCS2
Write Enable
Output Enable
Memory Enable
Figure 7 shows how to connect a 512K x 16-bit memory on NCS2.
Figure 7. Memory Connection for a 16-bit Data Bus
EBI
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D8 - D15
D8 - D15
A1 - A19
A0 - A18
NLB
Low Byte Enable
NUB
High Byte Enable
NWE
Write Enable
NOE
Output Enable
NCS2
Memory Enable
Byte-write or Byte-select Each chip select with a 16-bit data bus can operate with one of two different types of
write access:
Access
•
Byte-write Access supports two Byte-write and a single read signal.
•
Byte-select Access selects upper and/or lower byte with two byte-select lines, and
separate read and write signals.
This option is controlled by the BAT field in the EBI_CSR (Chip-select Register) for the
corresponding chip select.
Byte-write Access is used to connect 2 x 8-bit devices as a 16-bit memory page.
•
The signal A0/NLB is not used.
•
The signal NWR1/NUB is used as NWR1 and enables upper byte writes.
•
The signal NWR0/NWE is used as NWR0 and enables lower byte writes.
•
The signal NRD/NOE is used as NRD and enables half-word and byte reads.
Figure 8 shows how to connect two 512K x 8-bit devices in parallel on NCS2.
24
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Figure 8. Memory Connection for 2 x 8-bit Data Busses
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D8 - D15
EBI
A1 - A19
A0 - A18
A0
NWR1
NWR0
Write Enable
NRD
Read Enable
NCS2
Memory Enable
D8 - D15
A0 - A18
Write Enable
Read Enable
Memory Enable
Byte-select Access is used to connect 16-bit devices in a memory page.
•
The signal A0/NLB is used as NLB and enables the lower byte for both read and
write operations.
•
The signal NWR1/NUB is used as NUB and enables the upper byte for both read
and write operations.
•
The signal NWR0/NWE is used as NWE and enables writing for byte or half word.
•
The signal NRD/NOE is used as NOE and enables reading for byte or half word.
Figure 9 shows how to connect a 16-bit device with byte and half-word access (e.g. 16bit SRAM) on NCS2.
Figure 9. Connection for a 16-bit Data Bus with Byte and Half-word Access
EBI
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D8 - D15
D8 - D15
A1 - A19
A0 - A18
NLB
Low Byte Enable
NUB
High Byte Enable
NWE
Write Enable
NOE
Output Enable
NCS2
Memory Enable
25
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Figure 10 shows how to connect a 16-bit device without byte access (e.g. Flash) on
NCS2.
Figure 10. Connection for a 16-bit Data Bus Without Byte-write Capability.
EBI
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D8 - D15
D8 - D15
A1 - A19
A0 - A18
NLB
NUB
NWE
Write Enable
NOE
Output Enable
NCS2
Boot on NCS0
Memory Enable
Depending on the device and the BMS pin level during the reset, the user can select
either an 8-bit or 16-bit external memory device connected on NCS0 as the Boot Memory. In this case, EBI_CSR0 (Chip-select Register 0) is reset at the following
configuration for chip select 0:
•
8 wait states (WSE = 1, NWS = 7)
•
8-bit or 16-bit data bus width, depending on BMS
Byte access type and number of data float time are respectively set to Byte-write Access
and 0. With a nonvolatile memory interface, any values can be programmed for these
parameters.
Before the remap command, the user can modify the chip select 0 configuration, programming the EBI_CSR0 with exact boot memory characteristics. The base address
becomes effective after the remap command, but the new number of wait states can be
changed immediately. This is useful if a boot sequence needs to be faster.
26
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Read Protocols
The EBI provides two alternative protocols for external memory read access: standard
and early read. The difference between the two protocols lies in the timing of the NRD
(read cycle) waveform.
The protocol is selected by the DRP field in EBI_MCR (Memory Control Register) and is
valid for all memory devices. Standard read protocol is the default protocol after reset.
Note:
Standard Read Protocol
In the following waveforms and descriptions, NRD represents NRD and NOE since the
two signals have the same waveform. Likewise, NWE represents NWE, NWR0 and
NWR1 unless NWR0 and NWR1 are otherwise represented. ADDR represents A0 - A23
and/or A1 - A23.
Standard read protocol implements a read cycle in which NRD and NWE are similar.
Both are active during the second half of the clock cycle. The first half of the clock cycle
allows time to ensure completion of the previous access as well as the output of address
and NCS before the read cycle begins.
During a standard read protocol, external memory access, NCS is set low and ADDR is
valid at the beginning of the access while NRD goes low only in the second half of the
master clock cycle to avoid bus conflict (see Figure 11). NWE is the same in both protocols. NWE always goes low in the second half of the master clock cycle (see Figure 12).
Figure 11. Standard Read Protocol
MCK
ADDR
NCS
NRD
or
NWE
27
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Early Read Protocol
Early read protocol provides more time for a read access from the memory by asserting
NRD at the beginning of the clock cycle. In the case of successive read cycles in the
same memory, NRD remains active continuously. Since a read cycle normally limits the
speed of operation of the external memory system, early read protocol can allow a
faster clock frequency to be used. However, an extra wait state is required in some
cases to avoid contentions on the external bus.
Figure 12. Early Read Protocol
MCK
ADDR
NCS
NRD
or
NWE
Early Read Wait State
In early read protocol, an early read wait state is automatically inserted when an external write cycle is followed by a read cycle to allow time for the write cycle to end before
the subsequent read cycle begins (see Figure 13). This wait state is generated in addition to any other programmed wait states (i.e. data float wait).
No wait state is added when a read cycle is followed by a write cycle, between consecutive accesses of the same type or between external and internal memory accesses.
Early read wait states affect the external bus only. They do not affect internal bus timing.
Figure 13. Early Read Wait State
Write Cycle
Early Read Wait
Read Cycle
MCK
ADDR
NCS
NRD
NWE
28
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Write Data Hold Time
During write cycles in both protocols, output data becomes valid after the falling edge of
the NWE signal and remains valid after the rising edge of NWE, as illustrated in the figure below. The external NWE waveform (on the NWE pin) is used to control the output
data timing to guarantee this operation.
It is therefore necessary to avoid excessive loading of the NWE pins, which could delay
the write signal too long and cause a contention with a subsequent read cycle in standard protocol.
Figure 14. Data Hold Time
MCK
ADDR
NWE
Data output
In early read protocol the data can remain valid longer than in standard read protocol
due to the additional wait cycle which follows a write access.
29
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Wait States
Standard Wait States
The EBI can automatically insert wait states. The different types of wait states are listed
below:
•
Standard wait states
•
Data float wait states
•
External wait states
•
Chip select change wait states
•
Early read wait states (as described in Read Protocols)
Each chip select can be programmed to insert one or more wait states during an access
on the corresponding device. This is done by setting the WSE field in the corresponding
EBI_CSR. The number of cycles to insert is programmed in the NWS field in the same
register.
Below is the correspondence between the number of standard wait states programmed
and the number of cycles during which the NWE pulse is held low:
0 wait states 1/2 cycle
1 wait state
1 cycle
For each additional wait state programmed, an additional cycle is added.
Figure 15. One Wait State Access
1 Wait State Access
MCK
ADDR
NCS
NWE
NRD
Notes:
30
(1)
(2)
1. Early Read Protocol
2. Standard Read Protocol
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Data Float Wait State
Some memory devices are slow to release the external bus. For such devices it is necessary to add wait states (data float waits) after a read access before starting a write
access or a read access to a different external memory.
The Data Float Output Time (tDF) for each external memory device is programmed in the
TDF field of the EBI_CSR register for the corresponding chip select. The value (0 - 7
clock cycles) indicates the number of data float waits to be inserted and represents the
time allowed for the data output to go high impedance after the memory is disabled.
Data float wait states do not delay internal memory accesses. Hence, a single access to
an external memory with long tDF will not slow down the execution of a program from
internal memory.
The EBI keeps track of the programmed external data float time during internal
accesses, to ensure that the external memory system is not accessed while it is still
busy.
Internal memory accesses and consecutive accesses to the same external memory do
not have added Data Float wait states.
Figure 16. Data Float Output Time
MCK
ADDR
NCS
NRD
(1)
(2)
tDF
D0-D15
Notes:
1. Early Read Protocol
2. Standard Read Protocol
31
1745C–ATARM–12/02
External Wait
The NWAIT input can be used to add wait states at any time. NWAIT is active low and is
detected on the rising edge of the clock.
If NWAIT is low at the rising edge of the clock, the EBI adds a wait state and changes
neither the output signals nor its internal counters and state. When NWAIT is deasserted, the EBI finishes the access sequence.
The NWAIT signal must meet setup and hold requirements on the rising edge of the
clock.
Figure 17. External Wait
MCK
ADDR
NWAIT
NCS
NWE
NRD
Notes:
Chip Select Change Wait
States
32
(1)
(2)
1. Early Read Protocol
2. Standard Read Protocol
A chip select wait state is automatically inserted when consecutive accesses are made
to two different external memories (if no wait states have already been inserted). If any
wait states have already been inserted, (e.g., data float wait) then none are added.
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Figure 18. Chip Select Wait
Mem 1
Chip Select Wait
Mem 2
MCK
NCS1
NCS2
NRD
(1)
(2)
NWE
Notes:
1. Early Read Protocol
2. Standard Read Protocol
33
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Memory Access
Waveforms
Figures 19 through 22 show examples of the two alternative protocols for external memory read access.
34
D0 - D15 (Mem 2)
D0 - D15 (AT91)
D0 - D15 (Mem 1)
NCS2
NCS1
NWE
NRD
A0 - A23
MCK
Read Mem 1
Write Mem 1
tWHDX
Read Mem 1
Chip Select
Change Wait
Read Mem 2
Write Mem 2
tWHDX
Read Mem 2
Figure 19. Standard Read Protocol with no tDF
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
1745C–ATARM–12/02
D0 - D15 (Mem 2)
D0 - D15 (AT91)
D0 - D15 (Mem 1)
NCS2
NCS1
NWE
NRD
A0 - A23
MCK
Read
Mem 1
Write
Mem 1
Early Read
Wait Cycle
Long tWHDX
Read
Mem 1
Chip Select
Change Wait
Read
Mem 2
Write
Mem 2
Early Read
Wait Cycle
Long tWHDX
Read
Mem 2
AT91M55800A
Figure 20. Early Read Protocol with no tDF
35
36
D0 - D15 (Mem 2)
D0 - D15 (AT91)
D0 - D15 (Mem 1)
NCS2
NCS1
NWE
NRD
A0 - A23
MCK
tDF
Read Mem 1
Data
Float Wait
Write
Mem 1
tWHDX
tDF
Read Mem 1
Data
Float Wait
Read
Mem 2
tDF
Read Mem 2
Data
Float Wait
Write
Mem 2
Write
Mem 2
Write
Mem 2
Figure 21. Standard Read Protocol with tDF
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
1745C–ATARM–12/02
D0 - D15 (Mem 2)
D0 - D15 (AT91)
D0 - D15 (Mem 1)
NCS2
NCS1
NWE
NRD
A0 - A23
MCK
tDF
Read Mem 1
Data
Float Wait
Write
Mem 1
Early
Read Wait
tWHDX
tDF
Read Mem 1
Data
Float Wait
Read
Mem 2
tDF
Read Mem 2
Data
Float Wait
Write
Mem 2
Write
Mem 2
Write
Mem 2
AT91M55800A
Figure 22. Early Read Protocol with tDF
37
Figures 23 through 29 show the timing cycles and wait states for read and write access
to the various AT91M55800A external memory devices. The configurations described
are as follows:
Table 5. Memory Access Waveforms
38
Figure Number
Number of Wait States
Bus Width
Size of Data Transfer
23
0
16
Word
24
1
16
Word
25
1
16
Half-word
26
0
8
Word
27
1
8
Half-word
28
1
8
Byte
29
0
16
Byte
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Figure 23. 0 Wait States, 16-bit Bus Width, Word Transfer
MCK
A1 - A23
ADDR+1
ADDR
NCS
NLB
NUB
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
B 2 B1
Internal Bus
B 4 B3
X X B 2 B1
B 4 B3 B 2 B1
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
B2 B1
B4 B 3
WRITE ACCESS
· Byte Write/
Byte Select Option
NWE
D0 - D15
B2 B 1
B 4 B3
39
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Figure 24. 1 Wait State, 16-bit Bus Width, Word Transfer
1 Wait State
1 Wait State
MCK
A1 - A23
ADDR+1
ADDR
NCS
NLB
NUB
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
B2 B 1
Internal Bus
B4 B3
X X B2 B1
B4 B3 B2 B 1
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
B2B1
B4B3
WRITE ACCESS
· Byte Write/
Byte Select Option
NWE
D0 - D15
40
B2B1
B4B3
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Figure 25. 1 Wait State, 16-bit Bus Width, Half-word Transfer
1 Wait State
MCK
A1 - A23
NCS
NLB
NUB
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
Internal Bus
B 2 B1
X X B 2 B1
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
B2 B 1
WRITE ACCESS
· Byte Write/
Byte Select Option
NWE
D0 - D15
B 2 B1
41
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Figure 26. 0 Wait States, 8-bit Bus Width, Word Transfer
MCK
A0 - A23
ADDR+1
ADDR
ADDR+2
ADDR+3
NCS
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
Internal Bus
X B1
X B2
X B3
X B4
X X X B1
X X B 2 B1
X B 3 B2 B 1
B 4 B3 B 2 B1
X B1
X B2
X B3
X B4
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
WRITE ACCESS
NWR0
NWR1
D0 - D15
42
X B1
X B2
X B3
X B4
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Figure 27. 1 Wait State, 8-bit Bus Width, Half-word Transfer
1 Wait State
1 Wait State
MCK
A0 - A23
ADDR
ADDR+1
NCS
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
X B1
Internal Bus
X B2
X X X B1
X X B 2 B1
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
X B1
X B2
WRITE ACCESS
NWR0
NWR1
D0 - D15
X B1
X B2
43
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Figure 28. 1 Wait State, 8-bit Bus Width, Byte Transfer
1 Wait State
MCK
A0 - A23
NCS
EAD ACCESS
andard Protocol
NRD
D0-D15
XB1
Internal Bus
X X X B1
arly Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
X B1
RITE ACCESS
NWR0
NWR1
D0-D15
44
X B1
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Figure 29. 0 Wait States, 16-bit Bus Width, Byte Transfer
MCK
A1-A23
ADDR X X X 0
ADDR X X X 0
Internal Address
ADDR X X X 0
ADDR X X X 1
NCS
NLB
NUB
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0-D15
X B1
B 2X
X X X B1
Internal Bus
X X B 2X
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0-D15
XB1
B 2X
B 1B 1
B 2B 2
WRITE ACCESS
· Byte Write Option
NWR0
NWR1
D0-D15
· Byte Select Option
NWE
45
1745C–ATARM–12/02
EBI User Interface
The EBI is programmed using the registers listed in the table below. The Remap Control
Register (EBI_RCR) controls exit from Boot Mode (See “Boot on NCS0” on page 26.)
The Memory Control Register (EBI_MCR) is used to program the number of active chip
selects and data read protocol. Eight Chip-select Registers (EBI_CSR0 to EBI_CSR7)
are used to program the parameters for the individual external memories. Each
EBI_CSR must be programmed with a different base address, even for unused chip
selects.
Base Address: 0xFFE00000 (Code Label EBI_BASE)
Table 6. EBI Memory Map
Offset
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
Chip-select Register 0
EBI_CSR0
Read/Write
0x0000203E(1)
0x0000203D(2)
0x04
Chip-select Register 1
EBI_CSR1
Read/Write
0x10000000
0x08
Chip-select Register 2
EBI_CSR2
Read/Write
0x20000000
0x0C
Chip-select Register 3
EBI_CSR3
Read/Write
0x30000000
0x10
Chip-select Register 4
EBI_CSR4
Read/Write
0x40000000
0x14
Chip-select Register 5
EBI_CSR5
Read/Write
0x50000000
0x18
Chip-select Register 6
EBI_CSR6
Read/Write
0x60000000
0x1C
Chip-select Register 7
EBI_CSR7
Read/Write
0x70000000
0x20
Remap Control Register
EBI_RCR
Write-only
–
0x24
Memory Control Register
EBI_MCR
Read/Write
0
Notes:
46
1. 8-bit boot (if BMS is detected high)
2. 16-bit boot (if BMS is detected low)
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
EBI Chip Select Register
Register Name:
EBI_CSR0 - EBI_CSR7
Access Type:
Read/Write
Reset Value:
See Table 6
Absolute Address:
0xFFE00000 - 0xFFE0001C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
10
9
BA
23
22
21
20
BA
15
14
13
12
–
–
CSEN
BAT
4
7
6
5
PAGES
–
WSE
11
8
TDF
3
2
PAGES
1
NWS
0
DBW
• DBW: Data Bus Width
Code Label
DBW
Data Bus Width
EBI_DBW
0
0
Reserved
–
0
1
16-bit data bus width
EBI_DBW_16
1
0
8-bit data bus width
EBI_DBW_8
1
1
Reserved
–
• NWS: Number of Wait States
This field is valid only if WSE is set.
Code Label
NWS
Number of Standard Wait States
EBI_NWS
0
0
0
1
EBI_NWS_1
0
0
1
2
EBI_NWS_2
0
1
0
3
EBI_NWS_3
0
1
1
4
EBI_NWS_4
1
0
0
5
EBI_NWS_5
1
0
1
6
EBI_NWS_6
1
1
0
7
EBI_NWS_7
1
1
1
8
EBI_NWS_8
• WSE: Wait State Enable (Code Label EBI_WSE)
0 = Wait state generation is disabled. No wait states are inserted.
1 = Wait state generation is enabled.
47
1745C–ATARM–12/02
• PAGES: Page Size
Code Label
PAGES
Page Size
Active Bits in Base Address
EBI_PAGES
0
0
1M Byte
12 Bits (31-20)
EBI_PAGES_1M
0
1
4M Bytes
10 Bits (31-22)
EBI_PAGES_4M
1
0
16M Bytes
8 Bits (31-24)
EBI_PAGES_16M
1
1
64M Bytes
6 Bits (31-26)
EBI_PAGES_64M
• TDF: Data Float Output Time
Code Label
TDF
Number of Cycles Added after the Transfer
EBI_TDF
0
0
0
0
EBI_TDF_0
0
0
1
1
EBI_TDF_1
0
1
0
2
EBI_TDF_2
0
1
1
3
EBI_TDF_3
1
0
0
4
EBI_TDF_4
1
0
1
5
EBI_TDF_5
1
1
0
6
EBI_TDF_6
1
1
1
7
EBI_TDF_7
• BAT: Byte Access Type
Code Label
BAT
Selected BAT
EBI_BAT
0
Byte-write access type
EBI_BAT_BYTE_WRITE
1
Byte-select access type
EBI_BAT_BYTE_SELECT
• CSEN: Chip Select Enable (Code Label EBI_CSEN)
0 = Chip select is disabled.
1 = Chip select is enabled.
• BA: Base Address (Code Label EBI_BA)
These bits contain the highest bits of the base address. If the page size is larger than 1M byte, the unused bits of the
base address are ignored by the EBI decoder.
48
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
EBI Remap Control Register
Register Name:EBI_RCR
Access Type:Write-only
Absolute Address:0xFFE00020
Offset:
0x20
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
RCB
• RCB: Remap Command Bit (Code Label EBI_RCB)
0 = No effect.
1 = Cancels the remapping (performed at reset) of the page zero memory devices.
EBI Memory Control Register
Register Name:EBI_MCR
Access Type:Read/Write
Reset Value:0
Absolute Address:0xFFE00024
Offset:
0x24
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
DRP
–
–
–
–
• DRP: Data Read Protocol
Code Label
DRP
Selected DRP
EBI_DRP
0
Standard read protocol for all external memory devices enabled
EBI_DRP_STANDARD
1
Early read protocol for all external memory devices enabled
EBI_DRP_EARLY
49
1745C–ATARM–12/02
APMC: Advanced
Power Management
Controller
The AT91M55800A features an Advanced Power Management Controller, which optimizes both the power consumption of the device and the complete system. The APMC
controls the clocking elements such as the oscillators and the PLL, the core and the
peripheral clocks, and has the capability to control the system power supply.
Main Power is used throughout this document to identify the voltages powering the
AT91M55800A and other components of the system, with the exception of the Battery
Backup voltage, which is applied to the VDDBU. Main Power supplies VDDIO,
VDDCORE and, if required, the analog voltage VDDA. A battery or battery capacitor
generally supplies the Battery Backup Power.
The APMC consists of the following elements:
•
The RTC Oscillator, which provides the Slow Clock at 32768 Hz.
•
The Main Oscillator, which provides a clock that depends on the frequency of the
crystal connected to the XIN and XOUT pins.
•
The Phase Lock Loop.
•
The ARM Core Clock Controller, which allows entry to the Idle Mode.
•
The Peripheral Clock Controller, which conserves the power consumption of unused
peripherals.
•
The Master Clock Output Controller.
•
The Shut-down Logic, which controls the Main Power.
Figure 30. APMC Module
APMC
WAKEUP
SHDN
Shut-down
Logic
Reset Control
NRSTBU
Alarm
XIN32
XOUT32
RTC
OSC
RTC (1)
VDDBU
Slow Clock_SLCK
VDDIO/VDDCORE
XIN
XOUT
Main OSC
Device
Clock
Control
PLL
Arm Clock
0
Peripheral Clocks
n
ARM Interrupt (IRQ and FIQ)
SLCKIRQ
OSC Timer
PLL Timer
IRQ
Control
APMCIRQ
Advanced Peripheral Bus
Note:
50
The RTC peripheral is described in a separate section.
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Operating Modes
Five operating modes are supported by the APMC and offer different power consumption levels and event response latency times.
•
Normal Mode:
The Main Power supply is switched on; the ARM Core Clock is enabled and the
peripheral clocks are enabled according to the application requirements.
•
Idle Mode:
The Main Power is switched on; the ARM Core Clock is disabled and waiting for the
next interrupt (or a main reset); the peripheral clocks are enabled according to the
application requirements and the PDC transfers are still possible.
•
Slow Clock Mode:
Similar to Normal Mode, but the Main Oscillator and the PLL are switched off to
save power; the device core and peripheral run in Slow Clock Mode; Note that Slow
Clock Mode is the mode selected after the reset.
•
Standby Mode:
A combination of the Slow Clock Mode and the Idle Mode, which enables the processor to respond quickly to a wake-up event by keeping very low power
consumption.
•
Power-down Mode:
The Main Power supply is turned off at the external power source until a programmable edge on the wake-up signal or a programmable RTC Alarm occurs.
51
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Figure 31. APMC Block Diagram
WKEDG
SHDALS
WKACKS
WAKEUP
Wake-up
Acknowledge
Alarm
Edge Detector
Shut-down
Alarm
Output
Controller
WKACKC
ALWKEN
SHDN
ALSHEN
Backup
Reset
Shut-down
Alarm
SHDALC
RTC Alarm
Reset
Control
NRSTBU
Backup Reset
RTC (1)
Slow Clock
XIN32
RTC
Oscillator
Battery Power
VDDBU
XOUT32
MOSCEN
MUL
Main
Oscillator
PLL
CSS
XIN
Main Power
VDDIO
VDDCORE
XOUT
MOSCBYP
PRES
Prescaler
APMC_SCDR
Set
APMC_SCSR
MCKODS
IDLE MODE
FF
MCK (Master Clock)
MCKO
APMC_PCER
APMC_PCDR
Clear
APMC_PCSR
NIRQ
NFIQ
ARM7TDMI
Clock
Peripheral Clocks
Note: 1. The RTC is described in another chapter
52
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Slow Clock Generator
The AT91M55800A has a very low power 32 kHz oscillator powered by the backup battery voltage supplied on the VDDBU pins. The XIN32 and XOUT32 pins must be
connected to a 32768 Hz crystal. The oscillator has been especially designed to connect
to a 6 pF typical load capacitance crystal and does not require any external capacitor, as
it integrates the XIN32 and XOUT32 capacitors to ground. For a higher typical load
capacitance, two external capacitances must be wired as shown in Figure 32:
Figure 32. Higher Typical Load Capacitance
XIN32
CL1
Backup Reset Controller
XOUT32
GNDPLL
CL2
The backup reset controller initializes the logic supplied by the backup battery power. A
simple RC circuit connected to the NRSTBU pin provides a power-on reset signal to the
RTC and the shutdown logic. When the reset signal increases and as the startup time of
the 32 kHz oscillator is around 300 ms, the AT91M55800A maintains the internal
backup reset signal for 32768 oscillator clock cycles in order to guarantee the backup
power supplied logic does not operate before the oscillator output is stabilized.
Alternatively, a reset supervisor can be connected to the NRSTBU pin in place of the
RC.
Slow Clock
The Slow Clock is the only clock considered permanent in an AT91M55800A-based
system and is essential in the operations of the APMC (Advanced Power Management
Controller). In any use-case, a 32768 Hz crystal must be connected to the XIN32 and
XOUT32 pins in order to ensure that the Slow Clock is present.
Clock Generator
The clock generator consists of the main oscillator, the PLL and the clock selection logic
with its prescaler. It aims at selecting the Master Clock, called MCK throughout this
datasheet. The clock generator also contains the circuitry needed to drive the MCKO pin
with the master clock signal.
Main Oscillator
The Main Oscillator is designed for a 3 to 20 MHz fundamental crystal. The typical crystal connection is illustrated in Figure 33. The 1 kΩ resistor is only required for crystals
with frequencies lower than 8 MHz. The oscillator contains 25 pF capacitances on each
XIN and XOUT pin. Consequently, CL1 and CL2 can be removed when a crystal with a
load capacitance of 12.5 pF is used.
53
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Figure 33. Typical Crystal Connection of Main Oscillator
XIN
XOUT
GNDPLL
1KΩ
CL1
CL2
The Main Oscillator can be bypassed if the MOSCBYP bit in the Clock Generator Mode
Register (APMC_CGMR) is set to 1. In this case, any frequency (up to the maximum
specified in the electrical characteristics datasheet) can be input on the XIN pin. If the
PLL is used, a minimum input frequency is required.
To minimize the power required to start up the system, the Main Oscillator is disabled
after the reset. The software can deactivate the Main Oscillator to reduce the power
consumption by clearing the MOSCEN bit in APMC_CGMR. The MOSCS (Main Oscillator Status) bit in APMC_SR is automatically cleared, indicating that the Main Oscillator is
off.
Writing the MOSCEN bit in APMC_CGMR reactivates the Main Oscillator and loads the
value written in the OSCOUNT field in APMC_CGMR in the oscillator counter. Then, the
oscillator counter decrements every 8 clock cycles and when it reaches 0, the MOSCS
bit is set and can provide an interrupt.
Phase Lock Loop
The Main Oscillator output signal feeds the phase lock loop, which aims at multiplying
the frequency of its input signal by a number up to 64. This number is programmed in
the MUL field of APMC_CGMR and the multiplication ratio is the programmed value plus
one (MUL+1). If a null value is programmed into MUL, the PLL is automatically disabled
to save power.
The PLL is disabled at reset to minimize the power consumption.
A start-up sequence must be executed to enable the PLL if it is disabled. This sequence
is started by writing a new MUL value in APMC_CGMR. This automatically clears the
LOCK bit in APMC_SR and loads the PLL counter with the value programmed in the
PLLCOUNT field. Then, the PLL counter decrements at each Slow Clock cycle.
Note:
Programming one in PLLCOUNT is the minimum allowed and guarantees at least 2 Slow
Clock cycles before the lock bit is set. Programming n in PLLCOUNT guarantees (n+1)
the delay of Slow Clock cycles. When the PLL Counter reaches 0, the LOCK bit in
APMC_SR is set and can cause an interrupt. Programming MUL or PLLCOUNT before
the LOCK bit is set may lead to unpredictable behavior.
If the PLL multiplication is changed while the PLL is already active, the LOCK bit in
APMC_SR is automatically cleared and the same sequence is restarted. The PLL is
automatically bypassed while the frequency is changing (while LOCK is 0). If the Main
Oscillator is reactivated at the same time the PLL is enabled, the LOCK bit is set only
when both the Main Oscillator and the PLL are stabilized.
PLL Filter
54
The Phase Lock Loop has a dedicated PLLRC pin which must connect with an appropriate second order filter made up of one resistor and two capacitors. If the integrated PLL
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
is not used, it can remain disabled. The PLLRC pin must be grounded if the resistor and
the capacitors need to be saved. The following figure shows a typical filter connection.
Figure 34. Typical Filter Connection
PLLRC
R
C2
C1
GNDPLL
In order to obtain optimal results with a 16 MHz input frequency and a 32 MHz output
frequency, the typical component values for the PLL filter are:
R = 287Ω - C1 = 680 nF - C2 = 68 nF
The lock time with these values is about 3.5 µs in this example.
Master Clock Selection
The MCK (Master Clock) can be selected through the CSS field in APMC_CGMR
between the Slow Clock, the output of the Main Oscillator or the output of the PLL.
The following CSS field definitions are forbidden and the write operations are not taken
into account by the APMC:
•
deselect the Slow Clock if the Main Oscillator is disabled or its output is not
stabilized
•
disable the PLL without having first selected the Slow Clock or the Main Oscillator
clock
•
select the PLL clock and, in the same register, write disable the PLL
•
select either the Main Oscillator or the PLL clocks and, in the same register, write
disable the Main Oscillator
•
disable the Main Oscillator without having first selected the Slow Clock
This clock switch is performed in some Slow Clocks and PLLs or Main Oscillator clock
cycles as described in the state machine diagram below:
55
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Figure 35. Clock Switch
Slow Clock Mode
5 SLCK Cycles
PLL Clock Mode
7 SLCK Cycles
+
3 PLL Clock Cycles
56
4 SLCK Cycles
+
3 PLL Clock Cycles
3 SLCK Cycles
+
3 Oscillator Clock Cycles
5 SLCK Cycles
5 SLCK Cycles
+
3 PLL Clock Cycles
Oscillator Clock Mode
4 SLCK Cycles
+
3 Oscillator Clock Cycles
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Slow Clock Interrupt
The APMC also features the Slow Clock interrupt, allowing the user to detect when the
Master Clock is actually switched to the Slow Clock. Switching from the Slow Clock to a
higher frequency is generally performed safely, as the processor is running slower than
the target frequency. However, switching from a high frequency to the Slow Clock
requires the high frequency to be valid during the switch time. The Slow Clock interrupt
permits the user to know exactly when the switch has been achieved, thus, when the
Main Oscillator or the PLL can be disabled.
Prescaler
The prescaler is the last stage to provide the master clock. It permits the selected clock
to be divided by a power of 2 between 1 and 64. The default value is 1 after the reset.
The prescaler allows the microcontroller operating frequency to reach down to 512 Hz.
Precautions must be taken when defining a master clock lower than the Slow Clock, as
some peripherals (RTC and APMC) can still operate at Slow Clock frequency. In this
case, access to the peripheral registers that are updated at 32 kHz cannot be ensured.
Master Clock Output
The Master Clock can be output to the MCKO pad. The MCKO pad can be tri-stated to
minimize power consumption by setting the bit MCKODS (Master Clock Output Disable)
in APMC_CGMR (default is MCKO enabled).
System Clock
The AT91M55800A has only one system clock: the ARM Core clock. It can be enabled
and disabled by writing to the System Clock Enable (APMC_SCER) and System Clock
Disable Registers (APMC_SCDR). The status of the ARM Core clock (at least for debug
purposes) can be read in the System Clock Status Register (APMC_SCSR).
The ARM Core clock is enabled after a reset and is automatically re-enabled by any
enabled interrupt.
When the ARM Core clock is disabled, the current instruction is finished before the clock
is stopped.
Note:
Peripheral Clocks
Stopping the ARM Core does not prevent PDC transfers.
Each peripheral clock integrated in the AT91M55800A can be individually enabled and
disabled by writing to the Peripheral Clock Enable (APMC_PCER) and Peripheral Clock
Disable (APMC_PCDR) Registers. The status of the peripheral clocks can be read in
the Peripheral Clock Status Register (APMC_PCSR).
When a peripheral clock is disabled, the clock is immediately stopped. When the clock is
re-enabled, the peripheral resumes action where it left off.
In order to stop a peripheral, it is recommended that the system software waits until the
peripheral has executed its last programmed operation before disabling the clock. This
is to avoid data corruption or erroneous behavior of the system.
The peripheral clocks are automatically disabled after a reset.
The bits that control the peripheral clocks are the same as those that control the Interrupt Sources in the AIC.
57
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Shut-down and Wake-up
The APMC (Advanced Power Management Controller) integrates shut-down and wakeup logic to control an external main power supply. This logic is supplied by the Battery
Backup Power. This feature makes the Power-down mode possible.
If the SHDN pin is connected to the shut-down pin of the main power supply, the Shutdown command (SHDALC) in APMC_PCR disables the main power. The shut-down
input of the converter is generally pulled up or down by a resistor, depending on its
active level.
There are 3 ways to exit Power-down mode and restart the main power:
•
An alarm programmed in the RTC occurs and the bit ALWKEN in APMC_PMR is
set.
•
An edge defined by the field WKEDG in APMC_PMR occurs on the pin WAKEUP.
•
The user opens the Shut-down line with an external jumper or push-button.
Figure 36 shows a typical application using the Shut-down and Wake-up features.
Figure 36. Shut-down and Wake-up Features
AT91M55800
Power
Supply
VDDIO
DC/DC Converter
VDDCORE
SHD
GND
VDDBU
Resistor
required by
some DC/DC
Converters
Battery
Backup
+
-
NRSTBU
GNDBU
Shut-down
Jumper
Disable
SHDN
WAKE-UP
Main Start Up
58
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
To accommodate the different types of main power supply available, and different signals that can command the shut-down of this device, tri-state, level 0 and level 1 are
user-definable for the Shut-down pin. The Wake-up pin can be configured as detected
on the positive or negative edge, and at high or low level. They are selected by the
SHDALS and WKACKS fields in APMC_PMR.
Alarm
If the Shut-down feature is not used, the pin SHDN can be used as an Alarm Output Signal from the RTC Alarm. The Alarm State corresponds to Shut-down, and the
Acknowledge or Non-Alarm State corresponds to Wake-up.
The alarm control logic is the same as that for Shut-down. The SHDALC command in
APMC_PCR (defined by the field SHDALS in APMC_PMR) and the WKACKS command in APMC_PCR (defined by the field WKACKS field in APMC_PMR) control the
SHDN pin.
The alarm can be positioned by an RTC Alarm and be acknowledged by a programmable edge on the WAKEUP pin. The Backup Reset initializes the logic in Non-Alarm
State.
First Start-up Sequence
At initial startup, or after VDDBU has been disconnected, the battery-supplied logic must
be initialized.
The Battery Backup Reset sets the following default state:
•
Shut-down Logic
Initialized in the Wake-up state (or Non Alarm)
•
The Power Mode Register
Shut-down defines SHDN as level 0 (SHDALS = 1)
Wake-up defines SHDN as tri-state (WKACKS = 0)
•
The Real-time Clock Configuration and Data Registers
A simple RC network can be used as a power-on reset for the battery supply.
The pin SHDN is tri-stated by default. An external resistor must hold the main power
supply shut-down pin in the inactive state. The shut-down logic can be programmed with
the correct active level of the power supply shut-down input during the first start-up
sequence.
The first time the system is powered up, the SHDN pin is tri-stated because different
power supplies use different logic levels for their shut-down input signals. To minimize
backup battery power consumption, there is no internal pull-up or pull-down on this
signal.
If the power supply needs a logic level on its shut-down input in order to start the main
power supply then an external “Force Start Up” jumper is required to provide this level.
The jumper provides the necessary level on the SHDN to maintain the power supply
when the AT91 boots, and it can be removed until the next loss of battery power.
59
1745C–ATARM–12/02
APMC User Interface
Base Address:0xFFFF4000 (Code Label APMC_BASE)
Table 7. APMC Memory Map
Offset
60
Register
Name
Access
Main Reset
Backup Reset
0x00
System Clock Enable Register
APMC_SCER
W
–
–
0x04
System Clock Disable Register
APMC_SCDR
W
–
–
0x08
System Clock Status Register
APMC_SCSR
R
0x1
–
0x0C
Reserved
–
–
–
–
0x10
Peripheral Clock Enable Register
APMC_PCER
W
–
–
0x14
Peripheral Clock Disable Register
APMC_PCDR
W
0x18
Peripheral Clock Status Register
APMC_PCSR
R
0x1C
Reserved
–
W
0x20
Clock Generator Mode Register
APMC_CGMR
0x24
Reserved
0x28
–
0
–
–
R/W
0
–
–
–
–
–
Power Control Register
APMC_PCR
W
–
0x2C
Power Mode Register
APMC_PMR
R/W
0x1
0x30
Status Register
APMC_SR
R
–
–
0x34
Interrupt Enable Register
APMC_IER
W
–
–
0x38
Interrupt Disable Register
APMC_IDR
W
–
–
0x3C
Interrupt Mask Register
APMC_IMR
R
0
–
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
APMC System Clock Enable Register
Register Name:APMC_SCER
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
CPU
• CPU: System Clock Enable Bit
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the System Clock.
APMC System Clock Disable Register
Register Name:APMC_SCDR
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x04
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
CPU
• CPU: System Clock Disable Bit
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the System Clock.
61
1745C–ATARM–12/02
APMC System Clock Status Register
Register Name:APMC_SCSR
Access Type:Read-only
Reset Value:0x1
Offset:
0x08
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
CPU
• CPU: System Clock Status Bit
0 = System Clock is disabled.
1 = System Clock is enabled.
APMC Peripheral Clock Enable Register
Register Name:APMC_PCER
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x10
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
DAC1
DAC0
ADC1
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
ADC0
PIOB
PIOA
–
TC5
TC4
TC3
TC2
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TC1
TC0
SPI
US2
US1
US0
–
–
• Peripheral Clock Enable (per peripheral)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the peripheral clock.
62
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
APMC Peripheral Clock Disable Register
Register Name:APMC_PCDR
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x14
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
DAC1
DAC0
ADC1
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
ADC0
PIOB
PIOA
–
TC5
TC4
TC3
TC2
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TC1
TC0
SPI
US2
US1
US0
–
–
• Peripheral Clock Disable (per peripheral)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the peripheral clock.
APMC Peripheral Clock Status Register
Register Name:APMC_PCSR
Access Type:Read-only
Reset Value:0x0
Offset:
0x18
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
DAC1
DAC0
ADC1
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
ADC0
PIOB
PIOA
–
TC5
TC4
TC3
TC2
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TC1
TC0
SPI
US2
US1
US0
–
–
• Peripheral Clock Status (per peripheral)
0 = The peripheral clock is disabled.
1 = The peripheral clock is enabled.
63
1745C–ATARM–12/02
APMC Clock Generator Mode Register
Register Name:APMC_CGMR
Access Type:Read/Write
Reset Value:0x0
Offset:
0x20
31
30
–
–
23
22
29
28
27
26
25
24
18
17
16
10
9
8
PLLCOUNT
21
20
19
OSCOUNT
15
14
13
12
11
CSS
7
MUL
6
5
–
4
PRES
3
2
1
0
–
MCKODS
MOSCEN
MOSCBYP
• MOSCBYP: Main Oscillator Bypass (Code Label APMC_MOSC_BYP)
0 = Crystal must be connected between XIN and XOUT.
1 = External clock must be provided on XIN.
• MOSCEN: Main Oscillator Enable (Code Label APMC_MOSC_EN)
0 = Main Oscillator is disabled.
1 = Main Oscillator is enabled.
Note:
When operating in Bypass Mode, the Main Oscillator must be disabled. MOSCEN and MOSCBYP bits must never be set
together.
• MCKODS: Master Clock Output Disable (Code Label APMC_MCKO_DIS)
0 = The MCKO pin is driven with the Master Clock (MCK).
1 = The MCKO pin is tri-stated.
• PRES: Prescaler Selection
PRES
Prescaler Selected
Code Label
0
0
0
None. Prescaler Output is the selected clock.
APMC_PRES_NONE
0
0
1
Selected clock is divided by 2
APMC_PRES_DIV2
0
1
0
Selected clock is divided by 4
APMC_PRES_DIV4
0
1
1
Selected clock is divided by 8
APMC_PRES_DIV8
1
0
0
Selected clock is divided by 16
APMC_PRES_DIV16
1
0
1
Selected clock is divided by 32
APMC_PRES_DIV32
1
1
0
Selected clock is divided by 64
APMC_PRES_DIV64
1
1
1
Reserved
–
• MUL: Phase Lock Loop Factor
0 = The PLL is deactivated, reducing power consumption to a minimum.
1 - 63 = The PLL output is at a higher frequency (MUL+1) than the input if the bit lock is set in APMC_SR.
64
AT91M55800A
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AT91M55800A
• CSS: Clock Source Selection
CSS
Clock Source Selection
Code Label
0
0
Low-frequency clock provided by the RTC
APMC_CSS_LF
0
1
Main oscillator Output or external clock
APMC_CSS_MOSC
1
0
Phase Lock Loop Output
APMC_CSS_PLL
1
1
Reserved
–
• OSCOUNT: Main Oscillator Counter
Specifies the number of 32,768 Hz divided by 8 clock cycles for the main oscillator start-up timer to count before the
main oscillator is stabilized, after the oscillator is enabled. The main oscillator counter is a down-counter which is preloaded with the OSCOUNT value when the MOSCEN bit in the Clock Generator Mode register (CGMR) is set, but only if
the OSCOUNT value is different from 0x0.
• PLLCOUNT: PLL Lock Counter
Specifies the number of 32,768 Hz clock cycles for the PLL lock timer to count before the PLL is locked, after the PLL is
started. The PLL counter is a down-counter which is preloaded with the PLLCOUNT value when the MUL field in the
Clock Generator Mode register (CGMR) is modified, but only if the MUL value is different from 0 (PLL disabled) and also
the PLLCOUNT value itself different from 0x0. PLLCOUNT must be loaded with a minimum value of 2 in order to guarantee a time of at least one slow clock period.
APMC Power Control Register
Register Name:APMC_PCR
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x28
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
WKACKC
SHDALC
• SHDALC: Shut-down or Alarm Command (Code Label APMC_SHDALC)
0 = No effect.
1 = Configures the SHDN pin as defined by the field SHDALS in APMC_PMR.
• WKACKC: Wake-up or Alarm Acknowledge Command (Code Label APMC_WKACKC)
0 = No effect.
1 = Configures the SHDN pin as defined by the field WKACKS in APMC_PMR.
Note:
If both the SHDALC and WKACKS bits are set, the WKACKS command has priority.
65
1745C–ATARM–12/02
APMC Power Mode Register
Register Name:APMC_PMR
Access Type:Read/Write
Backup Reset Value:0x1
Offset:
0x2C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5
4
3
2
1
ALSHEN
ALWKEN
7
6
WKEDG
WKACKS
0
SHDALS
• SHDALS: Shut-down or Alarm Output Selection
This field defines the state of the SHDAL pin when shut-down or alarm is requested.
SHDALS
Shut-down or Alarm Output Selected
Code Label
0
0
Tri-stated
APMC_SHDALS_OUT_TRIS
0
1
Level 0
APMC_SHDALS_OUT_LEVEL0
1
0
Level 1
APMC_SHDALS_OUT_LEVEL1
1
1
Reserved
–
• WKACKS: Wake-up or Alarm Acknowledge Output Selection
This field defines the state of the WKACKS pin when wake-up or alarm acknowledge is requested.
WKACKS
Wake-up or Alarm Acknowledge Output
Selected
Code Label
0
0
Tri-stated
APMC_WKACKS_OUT_TRIS
0
1
Level 0
APMC_WKACKS_OUT_LEVEL_0
1
0
Level 1
APMC_WKACKS_OUT_LEVEL_1
1
1
Reserved
–
• ALWKEN: Alarm Wake-up Enable (Code Label APMC_WKEN)
0 = The alarm from the RTC has no wake-up effect.
1 = The alarm from the RTC commands a wake-up.
• ALSHEN: Alarm Shut-down Enable (Code Label APMC_ALSHEN)
0 = The alarm from the RTC has no shut-down effect.
1 = If ALWKEN is 0, the alarm from the RTC commands a shut-down.
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AT91M55800A
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AT91M55800A
• WKEDG: Wake-up Input Edge Selection
This field defines the edge to detect on the Wake-up pin (WAKEUP) to provoke a wake-up.
WKEDG
Wake-up Input Edge Selection
Code Label
0
0
None. No edge is detected on wake-up.
APMC_WKEDG_NONE
0
1
Positive edge
APMC_WKEDG_POS_EDG
1
0
Negative edge
APMC_WKEDG_NEG_EDG
1
1
Both edges
APMC_WKEDG_BOTH_EDG
APMC Status Register
Register Name:APMC_SR
Access Type:Read-only
Offset:
0x30
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
LOCK
MOSCS
• MOSCS: Main Oscillator Status (Code Label APMC_MOSCS)
0 = Main Oscillator output signal is not stabilized or the Main Oscillator is disabled.
1 = The Main Oscillator is enabled and its output is stabilized. Actually, this bit indicates that the Main Oscillator counter
reached 0.
• LOCK: PLL Lock Status (Code Label APMC_PLL_LOCK)
0 = PLL output signal or main oscillator output signal is not stabilized, or the main oscillator is disabled.
1 = Main Oscillator is enabled and its output is stabilized and the PLL output signal is stabilized. Actually, this bit is set
when the PLL Lock Counter reaches 0.
67
1745C–ATARM–12/02
APMC Interrupt Enable Register
Register Name:APMC_IER
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x34
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
LOCK
MOSCS
• MOSCS: Main Oscillator Interrupt Enable (Code Label APMC_MOSCS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Main Oscillator Stabilized Interrupt.
• LOCK: PLL Lock Interrupt Enable (Code Label APMC_PLL_LOCK)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the PLL Lock Interrupt.
APMC Interrupt Disable Register
Register Name:APMC_IDR
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x38
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
LOCK
MOSCS
• MOSCS: Main Oscillator Interrupt Disable (Code Label APMC_MOSCS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Main Oscillator Stabilized Interrupt.
• LOCK: PLL Lock Interrupt Disable (Code Label APMC_PLL_LOCK)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the PLL Lock Interrupt.
68
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
APMC Interrupt Mask Register
Register Name:APMC_IMR
Access Type:Read-only
Reset Value:0x0
Offset:
0x3C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
LOCK
MOSCS
• MOSCS: Main Oscillator Interrupt Mask (Code Label APMC_MOSCS)
0 = The Main Oscillator Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The Main Oscillator Interrupt is enabled.
• LOCK: PLL Lock Interrupt Mask (Code Label APMC_PLL_LOCK)
0 = The PLL Lock Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The PLL Lock Interrupt is enabled.
69
1745C–ATARM–12/02
RTC: Real-time Clock
The AT91M55800A features a Real-time Clock (RTC) peripheral that is designed for
very low power consumption. It combines a complete time-of-day clock with alarm and a
two-hundred year Gregorian calendar, complemented by a programmable periodic
interrupt.
The time and calendar values are coded in Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD) format. The
time format can be 24-hour mode or 12-hour mode with an AM/PM indicator.
Updating time and calendar fields and configuring the alarm fields is performed by a parallel capture on the 32-bit data bus. An entry control is performed to avoid loading
registers with incompatible BCD format data or with an incompatible date according to
the current month/ year/century.
Year 2000 Conformity
The Real-time Clock complies fully with the Year 2000 Conformity Requirements as
stated in the British Standards Institution Document Ref BSI-DISC PD2000-1: “Year
2000 conformity shall mean that neither performance nor functionality is affected by
dates prior to, during and after the year 2000”.
It has been tested to be compliant with the four associated rules:
1. No value for current date will cause any interruption in operation.
2. Date-based functionality must behave consistently for dates prior to, during and
after year 2000.
3. In all interfaces and data storage, the century in any date must be specified
either explicitly or by unambiguous algorithms or inferencing rules.
4. Year 2000 must be recognized as a leap year.
The RTC represents the year as a four-digit number (1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, etc.) so
that the century is unambiguously identified, in accordance with Rule 3.
Figure 37. RTC Block Diagram
SLCK:
Slow Clock
32768 Divider
Advanced
Peripheral
Bus
Bus Interface
Time
Date
RTCIRQ
AIC
Entry
Control
70
Interrupt
Control
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Functional Description
The RTC provides a full Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD) clock which includes century
(19/20), year (with leap years), month, date, day, hours, minutes and seconds.
The valid year range is 1900 to 2099, a two-hundred year Gregorian calendar achieving
full Y2K compliance.
The RTC can operate in 24-hour mode or in 12-hour mode with an AM/PM indicator.
Corrections for leap years are included (all years divisible by 4 being leap years, including year 2000). This is correct up to the year 2099.
Timing
The RTC is updated in real-time at one second intervals in normal mode for the counters
of seconds, at 1 minute intervals for the counter of minutes and so on.
Due to the asynchronous operation of the RTC with respect to the rest of the chip, to be
certain that the value read in the RTC registers (century, year, month, date, day, hours,
minutes, seconds) are valid and stable, it is necessary to read these registers twice. If
the data is the same both times, then it is valid. Therefore, a minimum of two and a maximum of three accesses is required.
Alarm
Error Checking
The RTC has five programmable fields with which to program an alarm: MONTH and
DATE in the Calendar Alarm Register (RTC_CAR), and SEC, MIN and HOUR in the
Time Alarm Register (RTC_TAR). Each of these fields can be enabled or disabled using
the bits MTHEN, DATEN, SECEN, MINEN, HOUREN to match the alarm condition.
•
If all the fields are enabled, an alarm flag is generated (the corresponding flag is
asserted and an interrupt generated if enabled) at a given month, date, hour, minute
and second.
•
If only the “seconds” field is enabled, then an alarm is generated every minute.
•
Depending on the combination of fields enabled, a large number of possibilities are
available to the user ranging from minutes to 365/366 days.
A verification on user interface data is performed when accessing the century, year,
month, date, day, hours, minutes, seconds and alarms. A check is performed on illegal
BCD entries such as illegal date of the month with regards to the year and century
configured.
If one of the time fields is not correct, the data is not loaded into the register/counter and
a flag is set in the Valid Entry Register (RTC_VER). This flag cannot be reset by the
user. It is reset as soon as an acceptable value is programmed. This avoids any further
side effects in the hardware. The same processing is done for the alarm.
The following checks are processed:
1. Century (check if it is in range 19 - 20)
2. Year (BCD entry check)
3. Date (check range 01 - 31)
4. Month (check if it is in BCD range 01 - 12,
check validity regarding “date”)
5. Day (check range 1 - 7)
6. Hour (BCD check, in 24-hour mode check range 00 - 23 and check that AM/PM
flag is not set if RTC is set in 24-Hour mode, in 12-Hour mode check range 01 12)
7. Minute (check BCD and range 00 - 59)
71
1745C–ATARM–12/02
8. Second (check BCD and range 00 - 59)
Note:
Updating Time/Calendar
If the 12-hour mode is selected by means of the RTC_MODE register, a 12-hour value
can be programmed and the returned value on RTC_TIME will be the corresponding 24hour value. The entry control checks the value of the AM/PM indicator (bit 22 of
RTC_TIME register) to determine the range to be checked.
To update any of the time/calendar fields, the user must first stop the RTC by setting the
corresponding field in the Mode Register (RTC_MR). Bit UPDTIM must be set to update
time fields (hour, minute, second) and bit UPDCAL must be set to update calendar fields
(century, year, month, date, day).
Then the user must poll or wait for the interrupt (if enabled) of bit ACKUPD in the Status
Register (RTC_SR). Once the bit reads 1 (the user must clear this status bit by writing
ACKUPD to 1 in RTC_SCR), the user can write to the appropriate register.
Once the update is finished, the user must reset (0) UPDTIM and/or UPDCAL in the
Mode Register (RTC_MR).
When programming the calendar fields, the time fields remain enabled. This avoids a
time slip in case the user stays in the calendar update phase for several tens of seconds
or more.
72
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
RTC User Interface
Base Address:0xFFFB8000 (Code Label RTC_BASE)
Table 8. RTC Memory Map
Offset
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x0000
Mode Register
RTC_MR
Read/Write
0x00000000
0x0004
Hour Mode Register
RTC_HMR
Read/Write
0x00000000
0x0008
Time Register
RTC_TIMR
Read/Write
0x00000000
0x000C
Calendar Register
RTC_CALR
Read/Write
0x01819819
0x0010
Time Alarm Register
RTC_TAR
Read/Write
0x00000000
0x0014
Calendar Alarm Register
RTC_CAR
Read/Write
0x00000000
0x0018
Status Register
RTC_SR
Read-only
0x00000000
0x001C
Status Clear Register
RTC_SCR
Write-only
–
0x0020
Interrupt Enable Register
RTC_IER
Write-only
–
0x0024
Interrupt Disable Register
RTC_IDR
Write-only
–
0x0028
Interrupt Mask Register
RTC_IMR
Read-only
0x00000000
0x002C
Valid Entry Register
RTC_VER
Read-only
0x00000000
73
1745C–ATARM–12/02
RTC Mode Register
Register Name:RTC_MR
Access: Read/Write
Offset:
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
–
–
–
–
–
–
16
CEVSEL
9
8
TEVSEL
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
UPDCAL
UPDTIM
• UPDTIM: Update Request Time Register (Code Label RTC_UPDTIM)
0 = Enables the RTC time counting.
1 = Stops the RTC time counting.
Time counting consists of second, minute and hour counters. Time counters can be programmed once this bit is set.
• UPDCAL: Update Request Calendar Register (Code Label RTC_UPDCAL)
0 = Disables the RTC calendar counting.
1 = Stops the RTC calendar counting.
Calendar counting consists of day, date, month, year and century counters. Calendar counters can be programmed once
this bit is set.
• TEVSEL: Time Event Selection
The event which generates the flag TIMEV in RTC_SR (Status Register) depends on the value of TEVSEL.
TEVSEL
Event
Code Label
0
0
Minute change
RTC_TEVSEL_MN_CHG
0
1
Hour change
RTC_TEVSEL_HR_CHG
1
0
Every day at midnight
RTC_TEVSEL_EVDAY_MD
1
1
Every day at noon
RTC_TEVSEL_EVDAY_NOON
• CEVSEL: Calendar Event Selection
The event which generates the flag CALEV in RTC_SR depends on the value of CEVSEL.
CEVSEL
Event
Code Label
0
0
Week change (every Monday at time 00:00:00)
RTC_CEVSEL_WEEK_CHG
0
1
Month change (every 01 of each month at time 00:00:00)
RTC_CEVSEL_MONTH_CHG
1
0
Year change (every January 1st at time 00:00:00)
RTC_CEVSEL_YEAR_CHG
1
1
Reserved
–
74
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
RTC Hour Mode Register
Register Name:RTC_HMR
Access Type:Read/Write
Reset State:0x0
Offset:
0x04
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
HRMOD
• HRMOD: 12/24 Hour Mode
HRMOD
Selected HRMOD
Code Label
0
24-Hour mode is selected
RTC_24_HRMOD
1
12-Hour mode is selected
RTC_12_HRMOD
RTC Time Register
Register Name:RTC_TIMR
Access Type:Read/Write
Reset State:0x0
Offset:
0x08
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
AMPM
15
14
10
9
8
2
1
0
HOUR
13
12
–
7
11
MIN
6
5
–
4
3
SEC
• SEC: Current Second (Code Label RTC_SEC)
The range that can be set is 0 - 59 (BCD).
The lowest four bits encode the units. The higher bits encode the tens.
• MIN: Current Minute (Code Label RTC_MIN)
The range that can be set is 0-59 (BCD).
The lowest four bits encode the units. The higher bits encode the tens.
• HOUR: Current Hour (Code Label RTC_HOUR)
The range that can be set is 1 - 12 (BCD) in 12-hour mode or 0 - 23 (BCD) in 24-hour mode.
• AMPM: Ante Meridiem Post Meridiem Indicator (Code Label RTC_AMPM)
This bit is the AM/PM indicator in 12-hour mode. It must be written at 0 if HRMOD in RTC_HMR defines 24-Hour mode.
0 = AM.
1 = PM.
75
1745C–ATARM–12/02
RTC Calendar Register
Register Name:RTC_CALR
Access Type:Read/Write
Reset State:0x01819819
Offset:
0x0C
31
30
–
–
23
22
29
28
27
21
20
19
DAY
15
14
26
25
24
18
17
16
10
9
8
2
1
0
DATE
MONTH
13
12
11
YEAR
7
6
–
–
5
4
3
CENT
• CENT: Current Century (Code Label RTC_CENT)
The range that can be set is 19 - 20 (BCD).
The lowest four bits encode the units. The higher bits encode the tens.
• YEAR: Current Year (Code Label RTC_YEAR)
The range that can be set is 00 - 99 (BCD).
The lowest four bits encode the units. The higher bits encode the tens.
• MONTH: Current Month (Code Label RTC_MONTH)
The range that can be set is 01 - 12 (BCD).
The lowest four bits encode the units. The higher bits encode the tens.
• DAY: Current Day (Code Label RTC_DAY)
The range that can be set is 1 - 7 (BCD).
The significance of the number (which number represents which day) is user defined as it has no effect on the date
counter.
• DATE: Current Date (Code Label RTC_DATE)
The range that can be set is 01 - 31 (BCD).
The lowest four bits encode the units. The higher bits encode the tens.
76
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
RTC Time Alarm Register
Register Name:RTC_TAR
Access Type:Read/Write
Reset State:0x0
Offset:
0x10
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
21
20
19
18
17
16
10
9
8
2
1
0
23
22
HOUREN
AMPM
15
14
HOUR
13
12
MINEN
11
MIN
7
6
5
4
SECEN
3
SEC
• SEC: Second Alarm
This field is the alarm field corresponding to the BCD-coded second counter.
• SECEN: Second Alarm Enable
SECEN
Selected SECEN
Code Label
0
The second matching alarm is disabled.
RTC_SEC_ALARM_DIS
1
The second matching alarm is enabled.
RTC_SEC_ALARM_EN
• MIN: Minute Alarm
This field is the alarm field corresponding to the BCD-coded minute counter.
• MINEN: Minute Alarm Enable
MINEN
Selected MINEN
Code Label
0
The minute matching alarm is disabled.
RTC_MIN_ALARM_DIS
1
The minute matching alarm is enabled.
RTC_MIN_ALARM_EN
• HOUR: Hour Alarm
This field is the alarm field corresponding to the BCD-coded hour counter.
• AMPM: AM/PM Indicator
This bit is the AM/PM indicator in 12-Hour mode. It must be written at 0 if HRMOD in RTC_HMR defines 24-Hour mode.
• HOUREN: Hour Alarm Enable
HOUREN
Selected HOUREN
Code Label
0
The hour matching alarm is disabled.
RTC_HOUR_ALARM_DIS
1
The hour matching alarm is enabled.
RTC_HOUR_ALARM_EN
77
1745C–ATARM–12/02
RTC Calendar Alarm Register
Register Name:RTC_CAR
Access Type:Read/Write
Reset State:0x0
Offset:
0x14
31
30
DATEN
–
29
28
27
26
25
24
18
17
16
DATE
23
22
21
MTHEN
–
–
20
19
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
MONTH
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
• MONTH: Month Alarm
This field is the alarm field corresponding to the BCD-coded month counter.
• MTHEN: Month Alarm Enable
MTHEN
Selected MTHEN
Code Label
0
The month matching alarm is disabled.
RTC_MONTH_ALARM_DIS
1
The month matching alarm is enabled.
RTC_MONTH_ALARM_EN
• DATE: Date Alarm
This field is the alarm field corresponding to the BCD-coded date counter.
• DATEN: Date Alarm Enable
DATEN
Selected DATEN
Code Label
0
The date matching alarm is disabled.
RTC_DATE_ALARM_DIS
1
The date matching alarm is enabled.
RTC_DATE_ALARM_EN
78
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
RTC Status Register
Register Name:RTC_SR
Access Type:Read-only
Reset State:0x0
Offset:
0x18
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
CALEV
TIMEV
SEC
ALARM
ACKUPD
• ACKUPD: Acknowledge for Update (Code Label RTC_ACKUPD)
0 = Time and Calendar registers cannot be updated.
1 = Time and Calendar registers can be updated.
• ALARM: Alarm Flag (Code Label RTC_ALARM)
0 = No alarm matching condition occurred.
1 = An alarm matching condition has occurred.
• SEC: Second Event (Code Label RTC_SEC)
0 = No second event has occurred since the last clear.
1 = At least one second event has occurred since the last clear.
• TIMEV: Time Event (Code Label RTC_TIMEV)
0 = No time event has occurred since the last clear.
1 = At least one time event has occurred since the last clear.
The time event is selected in the TEVSEV field in RTC_CR and can be any one of the following events: minute change,
hour change, noon, midnight (day change).
• CALEV: Calendar Event (Code Label RTC_CALEV)
0 = No calendar event has occurred since the last clear.
1 = At least one calendar event has occurred since the last clear.
The calendar event is selected in the CEVSEL field in RTC_CR and can be any one of the following events: week
change, month change, year change.
79
1745C–ATARM–12/02
RTC Status Clear Register
Register Name:RTC_SCR
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x1C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
CALEV
TIMEV
SEC
ALARM
ACKUPD
• ACKUPD: Acknowledge for Update Interrupt Clear (Code Label RTC_ACKUPD)
0 = No effect.
1 = Clears Acknowledge for Update status bit.
• ALARM: Alarm Flag Interrupt Clear (Code Label RTC_ALARM)
0 = No effect.
1 = Clears Alarm Flag bit.
• SEC: Second Event Interrupt Clear (Code Label RTC_SEC)
0 = No effect.
1 = Clears Second Event bit.
• TIMEV: Time Event Interrupt Clear (Code Label RTC_TIMEV)
0 = No effect.
1 = Clears Time Event bit.
• CALEV: Calendar Event Interrupt Clear (Code Label RTC_CALEV)
0 = No effect.
1 = Clears Calendar Event bit.
80
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
RTC Interrupt Enable Register
Register Name:RTC_IER
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x20
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
CALEV
TIMEV
SEC
ALARM
ACKUPD
• ACKUPD: Acknowledge Update Interrupt Enable (Code Label RTC_ACKUPD)
0 = No effect.
1 = The acknowledge for update interrupt is enabled.
• ALARM: Alarm Interrupt Enable (Code Label RTC_ALARM)
0 = No effect.
1 = The alarm interrupt is enabled.
• SEC: Second Event Interrupt Enable (Code Label RTC_SEC)
0 = No effect.
1 = The second periodic interrupt is enabled.
• TIMEV: Time Event Interrupt Enable (Code Label RTC_TIMEV)
0 = No effect.
1 = The selected time event interrupt is enabled.
• CALEV: Calendar Event Interrupt Enable (Code Label RTC_CALEV)
0 = No effect.
1 = The selected calendar event interrupt is enabled.
81
1745C–ATARM–12/02
RTC Interrupt Disable Register
Register Name:RTC_IDR
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x24
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
CALEV
TIMEV
SEC
ALARM
ACKUPD
• ACKUPD: Acknowledge Update Interrupt Disable (Code Label RTC_ACKUPD)
0 = No effect.
1 = The acknowledge for update interrupt is disabled.
• ALARM: Alarm Interrupt Disable (Code Label RTC_ALARM)
0 = No effect.
1 = The alarm interrupt is disabled.
• SEC: Second Event Interrupt Disable (Code Label RTC_SEC)
0 = No effect.
1 = The second periodic interrupt is disabled.
• TIMEV: Time Event Interrupt Disable (Code Label RTC_TIMEV)
0 = No effect.
1 = The selected time event interrupt is disabled.
• CALEV: Calendar Event Interrupt Disable (Code Label RTC_CALEV)
0 = No effect.
1 = The selected calendar event interrupt is disabled.
82
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
RTC Interrupt Mask Register
Register Name:RTC_IMR
Access Type:Read-only
Reset State:0x0
Offset:
0x28
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
CALEV
TIMEV
SEC
ALARM
ACKUPD
• ACKUPD: Acknowledge Update Interrupt Mask (Code Label RTC_ACKUPD)
0 = The acknowledge for update interrupt is disabled.
1 = The acknowledge for update interrupt is enabled.
• ALARM: Alarm Interrupt Mask (Code Label RTC_ALARM)
0 = The alarm interrupt is disabled.
1 = The alarm interrupt is enabled.
• SEC: Second Event Interrupt Mask (Code Label RTC_SEC)
0 = The second periodic interrupt is disabled.
1 = The second periodic interrupt is enabled.
• TIMEV: Time Event Interrupt Mask (Code Label RTC_TIMEV)
0 = The selected time event interrupt is disabled.
1 = The selected time event interrupt is enabled.
• CALEV: Calendar Event Interrupt Mask (Code Label RTC_CALEV)
0 = The selected calendar event interrupt is disabled.
1 = The selected calendar event interrupt is enabled.
83
1745C–ATARM–12/02
RTC Valid Entry Register
Register Name:RTC_VER
Access Type:Read-only
Reset State:0x0
Offset:
0x2C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
NVCAL
NVTAL
NVC
NVT
• NVT: Non-Valid Time (Code Label RTC_NVT)
0 = No invalid data has been detected in RTC_TIMR.
1 = RTC_TIMR has contained invalid data since it was last programmed.
• NVC: Non-Valid Calendar (Code Label RTC_NVC)
0 = No invalid data has been detected in RTC_CALR.
1 = RTC_CALR has contained invalid data since it was last programmed.
• NVTAL: Non-Valid Time Alarm (Code Label RTC_NVTAL)
0 = No invalid data has been detected in RTC_TAR.
1 = RTC_TAR has contained invalid data since it was last programmed.
• NVCAL: Non-Valid Calendar Alarm (Code Label RTC_NVCAL)
0 = No invalid data has been detected in RTC_CAR.
1 = RTC_CAR has contained invalid data since it was last programmed.
84
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
WD: Watchdog Timer
The AT91M55800A has an internal Watchdog Timer that can be used to prevent system
lock-up if the software becomes trapped in a deadlock.
In normal operation the user reloads the watchdog at regular intervals before the timer
overflow occurs. If an overflow does occur, the watchdog timer generates one or a combination of the following signals, depending on the parameters in WD_OMR (Overflow
Mode Register):
•
If RSTEN is set, an internal reset is generated (WD_RESET as shown in Figure 38).
•
If IRQEN is set, a pulse is generated on the signal WDIRQ which is connected to the
Advanced Interrupt Controller
•
If EXTEN is set, a low level is driven on the NWDOVF signal for a duration of 8 MCK
cycles.
The watchdog timer has a 16-bit down counter. Bits 12 - 15 of the value loaded when
the watchdog is restarted are programmable using the HPVC parameter in WD_CMR
(Clock Mode). Four clock sources are available to the watchdog counter: MCK/32,
MCK/128, MCK/1024 or MCK/4096. The selection is made using the WDCLKS parameter in WD_CMR. This provides a programmable time-out period of 4 ms to 8 sec. with a
33 MHz system clock.
All write accesses are protected by control access keys to help prevent corruption of the
watchdog should an error condition occur. To update the contents of the mode and control registers it is necessary to write the correct bit pattern to the control access key bits
at the same time as the control bits are written (the same write access).
Figure 38. Watchdog Timer Block Diagram
Advanced
Peripheral
Bus (APB)
WD_RESET
Control Logic
WDIRQ
NWDOVF
Overflow
MCK/32
Clear
MCK/128
Clock Select
MCK/1024
CLK_CNT
16-Bit
Programmable
Down Counter
MCK/4096
85
1745C–ATARM–12/02
WD User Interface
WD Base Address: 0xFFFF8000 (Code Label WD_BASE)
Table 9. WD Memory Map
Offset
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
Overflow Mode Register
WD_OMR
Read/Write
0
0x04
Clock Mode Register
WD_CMR
Read/Write
0
0x08
Control Register
WD_CR
Write-only
–
0x0C
Status Register
WD_SR
Read-only
0
WD Overflow Mode Register
Name:
WD_OMR
Access: Read/Write
Reset Value:0
Offset:
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
OKEY
7
6
5
4
OKEY
3
2
1
0
EXTEN
IRQEN
RSTEN
WDEN
• WDEN: Watchdog Enable (Code Label WD_WDEN)
0 = Watchdog is disabled and does not generate any signals.
1 = Watchdog is enabled and generates enabled signals.
• RSTEN: Reset Enable (Code Label WD_RSTEN)
0 = Generation of an internal reset by the Watchdog is disabled.
1 = When overflow occurs, the Watchdog generates an internal reset.
• IRQEN: Interrupt Enable (Code Label WD_IRQEN)
0 = Generation of an interrupt by the Watchdog is disabled.
1 = When overflow occurs, the Watchdog generates an interrupt.
• EXTEN: External Signal Enable (Code Label WD_EXTEN)
0 = Generation of a pulse on the pin NWDOVF by the Watchdog is disabled.
1 = When an overflow occurs, a pulse on the pin NWDOVF is generated.
• OKEY: Overflow Access Key (Code Label WD_OKEY)
Used only when writing WD_OMR. OKEY is read as 0.
0x234 = Write access in WD_OMR is allowed.
Other value = Write access in WD_OMR is prohibited.
86
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
WD Clock Mode Register
Name:
WD_CMR
Access: Read/Write
Reset Value:0
Offset:
0x04
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
CKEY
7
6
CKEY
–
5
4
HPCV
0
WDCLKS
• WDCLKS: Clock Selection
Code Label
WDCLKS
Clock Selected
WD_WDCLKS
0
0
MCK/32
WD_WDCLKS_MCK32
0
1
MCK/128
WD_WDCLKS_MCK128
1
0
MCK/1024
WD_WDCLKS_MCK1024
1
1
MCK/4096
WD_WDCLKS_MCK4096
• HPCV: High Pre-load Counter Value (Code Label WD_HPCV)
Counter is preloaded when watchdog counter is restarted with bits 0 to 11 set (FFF) and bits 12 to 15 equaling HPCV.
• CKEY: Clock Access Key (Code Label WD_CKEY)
Used only when writing WD_CMR. CKEY is read as 0.
0x06E: Write access in WD_CMR is allowed.
Other value: Write access in WD_CMR is prohibited.
WD Control Register
Name:
WD_CR
Access: Write-only
Offset:
0x08
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RSTKEY
7
6
5
4
RSTKEY
• RSTKEY: Restart Key (Code Label WD_RSTKEY)
87
1745C–ATARM–12/02
0xC071 = Watch Dog counter is restarted.
Other value = No effect.
WD Status Register
Name:
WD_SR
Access: Read-only
Reset Value:0x0
Offset:
0x0C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
WDOVF
• WDOVF: Watchdog Overflow (Code Label WD_WDOVF)
0 = No watchdog overflow.
1 = A watchdog overflow has occurred since the last restart of the watchdog counter or since internal or external reset.
WD Enabling Sequence
To enable the Watchdog Timer, the sequence is as follows:
1. Disable the Watchdog by clearing the bit WDEN:
Write 0x2340 to WD_OMR
This step is unnecessary if the WD is already disabled (reset state).
2. Initialize the WD Clock Mode Register:
3. Write 0x373C to WD_CMR
(HPCV = 15 and WDCLKS = MCK/8)
4. Restart the timer:
Write 0xC071 to WD_CR
5. Enable the watchdog:
Write 0x2345 to WD_OMR (interrupt enabled)
88
AT91M55800A
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AT91M55800A
AIC: Advanced
Interrupt Controller
The AT91M55800A has an 8-level priority, individually maskable, vectored interrupt
controller. This feature substantially reduces the software and real-time overhead in
handling internal and external interrupts.
The interrupt controller is connected to the NFIQ (fast interrupt request) and the NIRQ
(standard interrupt request) inputs of the ARM7TDMI processor. The processor’s NFIQ
line can only be asserted by the external fast interrupt request input: FIQ. The NIRQ line
can be asserted by the interrupts generated by the on-chip peripherals and the external
interrupt request lines: IRQ0 to IRQ5.
An 8-level priority encoder allows the customer to define the priority between the different NIRQ interrupt sources.
Internal sources are programmed to be level sensitive or edge-triggered. External
sources can be programmed to be positive or negative edge-triggered or high- or lowlevel sensitive.
The interrupt sources are listed in Table 10 and the AIC programmable registers in
Table 11.
Figure 39. Advanced Interrupt Controller Block Diagram
FIQ Source
Advanced Peripheral
Bus (APB)
Note:
NFIQ
ARM7TDMI
Core
Control
Logic
Internal Interrupt Sources
External Interrupt Sources
NFIQ
Manager
Memorization
Memorization
Prioritization
Controller
NIRQ
Manager
NIRQ
After a hardware reset, the AIC pins are controlled by the PIO Controller. They must be configured to be controlled by the
peripheral before being used.
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1745C–ATARM–12/02
Table 10. AIC Interrupt Sources
90
Interrupt Source
Interrupt Name
Interrupt Description
0
FIQ
1
SWIRQ
Software interrupt
2
US0IRQ
USART Channel 0 interrupt
3
US1IRQ
USART Channel 1 interrupt
4
US2IRQ
USART Channel 2 interrupt
5
SPIRQ
SPI interrupt
6
TC0IRQ
Timer Channel 0 interrupt
7
TC1IRQ
Timer Channel 1 interrupt
8
TC2IRQ
Timer Channel 2 interrupt
9
TC3IRQ
Timer Channel 3 interrupt
10
TC4IRQ
Timer Channel 4 interrupt
11
TC5IRQ
Timer Channel 5 interrupt
12
WDIRQ
Watchdog interrupt
13
PIOAIRQ
Parallel I/O Controller A interrupt
14
PIOBIRQ
Parallel I/O Controller B interrupt
15
AD0IRQ
Analog-to-digital Converter Channel 0 interrupt
16
AD1IRQ
Analog-to-digital Converter Channel 1 interrupt
17
DA0IRQ
Digital-to-analog Converter Channel 0 interrupt
18
DA1IRQ
Digital-to-analog Converter Channel 1 interrupt
19
RTCIRQ
Real-time Clock interrupt
20
APMCIRQ
21
–
Reserved
22
–
Reserved
23
SLCKIRQ
Slow Clock Interrupt
24
IRQ5
External interrupt 5
25
IRQ4
External interrupt 4
26
IRQ3
External interrupt 3
27
IRQ2
External interrupt 2
28
IRQ1
External interrupt 1
29
IRQ0
External interrupt 0
30
COMMRX
RX Debug Communication Channel interrupt
31
COMMTX
TX Debug Communication Channel interrupt
Fast interrupt
Advanced Power Management Controller interrupt
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Hardware Interrupt
Vectoring
The hardware interrupt vectoring reduces the number of instructions to reach the interrupt handler to only one. By storing the following instruction at address 0x00000018, the
processor loads the program counter with the interrupt handler address stored in the
AIC_IVR register. Execution is then vectored to the interrupt handler corresponding to
the current interrupt.
ldr PC,[PC,# -&F20]
The current interrupt is the interrupt with the highest priority when the Interrupt Vector
Register (AIC_IVR) is read. The value read in the AIC_IVR corresponds to the address
stored in the Source Vector Register (AIC_SVR) of the current interrupt. Each interrupt
source has its corresponding AIC_SVR. In order to take advantage of the hardware
interrupt vectoring it is necessary to store the address of each interrupt handler in the
corresponding AIC_SVR, at system initialization.
Priority Controller
The NIRQ line is controlled by an 8-level priority encoder. Each source has a programmable priority level of 7 to 0. Level 7 is the highest priority and level 0 the lowest.
When the AIC receives more than one unmasked interrupt at a time, the interrupt with
the highest priority is serviced first. If both interrupts have equal priority, the interrupt
with the lowest interrupt source number (see Table Table 10) is serviced first.
The current priority level is defined as the priority level of the current interrupt at the time
the register AIC_IVR is read (the interrupt which is serviced).
In the case when a higher priority unmasked interrupt occurs while an interrupt already
exists, there are two possible outcomes depending on whether the AIC_IVR has been
read.
•
If the NIRQ line has been asserted but the AIC_IVR has not been read, then the
processor reads the new higher priority interrupt handler address in the AIC_IVR
register and the current interrupt level is updated.
•
If the processor has already read the AIC_IVR then the NIRQ line is reasserted.
When the processor has authorized nested interrupts to occur and reads the
AIC_IVR again, it reads the new, higher priority interrupt handler address. At the
same time the current priority value is pushed onto a first-in last-out stack and the
current priority is updated to the higher priority.
When the end of interrupt command register (AIC_EOICR) is written the current interrupt level is updated with the last stored interrupt level from the stack (if any). Hence at
the end of a higher priority interrupt, the AIC returns to the previous state corresponding
to the preceding lower priority interrupt which had been interrupted.
Interrupt Handling
The interrupt handler must read the AIC_IVR as soon as possible. This de-asserts the
NIRQ request to the processor and clears the interrupt in case it is programmed to be
edge-triggered. This permits the AIC to assert the NIRQ line again when a higher priority
unmasked interrupt occurs.
At the end of the interrupt service routine, the end of interrupt command register
(AIC_EOICR) must be written. This allows pending interrupts to be serviced.
Interrupt Masking
Each interrupt source, including FIQ, can be enabled or disabled using the command
registers AIC_IECR and AIC_IDCR. The interrupt mask can be read in the Read-only
register AIC_IMR. A disabled interrupt does not affect the servicing of other interrupts.
91
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Interrupt Clearing and
Setting
All interrupt sources which are programmed to be edge-triggered (including FIQ) can be
individually set or cleared by respectively writing to the registers AIC_ISCR and
AIC_ICCR. This function of the interrupt controller is available for auto-test or software
debug purposes.
Fast Interrupt Request
The external FIQ line is the only source which can raise a fast interrupt request to the
processor. Therefore, it has no priority controller.
The external FIQ line can be programmed to be positive or negative edge-triggered or
high- or low-level sensitive in the AIC_SMR0 register.
The fast interrupt handler address can be stored in the AIC_SVR0 register. The value
written into this register is available by reading the AIC_FVR register when an FIQ interrupt is raised. By storing the following instruction at address 0x0000001C, the processor
loads the program counter with the interrupt handler address stored in the AIC_FVR
register.
ldr PC,[PC,# -&F20]
Alternatively, the interrupt handler can be stored starting from address 0x0000001C as
described in the ARM7TDMI datasheet.
Software Interrupt
Interrupt source 1 of the advanced interrupt controller is a software interrupt. It must be
programmed to be edge-triggered in order to set or clear it by writing to the AIC_ISCR
and AIC_ICCR.
This is totally independent of the SWI instruction of the ARM7TDMI processor.
Spurious Interrupt
When the AIC asserts the NIRQ line, the ARM7TDMI enters IRQ mode and the interrupt
handler reads the IVR. It may happen that the AIC de-asserts the NIRQ line after the
core has taken into account the NIRQ assertion and before the read of the IVR.
This behavior is called a Spurious Interrupt.
The AIC is able to detect these Spurious Interrupts and returns the Spurious Vector
when the IVR is read. The Spurious Vector can be programmed by the user when the
vector table is initialized.
A Spurious Interrupt may occur in the following cases:
•
With any sources programmed to be level sensitive, if the interrupt signal of the AIC
input is de-asserted at the same time as it is taken into account by the ARM7TDMI.
•
If an interrupt is asserted at the same time as the software is disabling the
corresponding source through AIC_IDCR (this can happen due to the pipelining of
the ARM Core).
The same mechanism of Spurious Interrupt occurs if the ARM7TDMI reads the IVR
(application software or ICE) when there is no interrupt pending. This mechanism is also
valid for the FIQ interrupts.
Once the AIC enters the Spurious Interrupt management, it asserts neither the NIRQ
nor the NFIQ lines to the ARM7TDMI as long as the Spurious Interrupt is not acknowledged. Therefore, it is mandatory for the Spurious Interrupt Service Routine to
acknowledge the “Spurious” behavior by writing to the AIC_EOICR (End of Interrupt)
before returning to the interrupted software. It also can perform other operation(s), e.g.
trace possible undesirable behavior.
92
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Protect Mode
The Protect Mode permits reading of the Interrupt Vector Register without performing
the associated automatic operations. This is necessary when working with a debug
system.
When a Debug Monitor or an ICE reads the AIC User Interface, the IVR could be read.
This would have the following consequences in normal mode:
•
If an enabled interrupt with a higher priority than the current one is pending, it would
be stacked.
•
If there is no enabled pending interrupt, the spurious vector would be returned.
In either case, an End of Interrupt Command would be necessary to acknowledge and
to restore the context of the AIC. This operation is generally not performed by the debug
system. Hence the debug system would become strongly intrusive, and could cause the
application to enter an undesired state.
This is avoided by using Protect Mode.
The Protect Mode is enabled by setting the AIC bit in the SF Protect Mode Register.
When Protect Mode is enabled, the AIC performs interrupt stacking only when a write
access is performed on the AIC_IVR. Therefore, the Interrupt Service Routines must
write (arbitrary data) to the AIC_IVR just after reading it.
The new context of the AIC, including the value of the Interrupt Status Register
(AIC_ISR), is updated with the current interrupt only when IVR is written.
An AIC_IVR read on its own (e.g. by a debugger), modifies neither the AIC context nor
the AIC_ISR.
Extra AIC_IVR reads performed in between the read and the write can cause unpredictable results. Therefore, it is strongly recommended not to set a breakpoint between
these 2 actions, nor to stop the software.
The debug system must not write to the AIC_IVR as this would cause undesirable
effects.
The following table shows the main steps of an interrupt and the order in which they are
performed according to the mode:
Action
Normal Mode
Protect Mode
Calculate active interrupt
(higher than current or spurious)
Read AIC_IVR
Read AIC_IVR
Determine and return the vector of the
active interrupt
Read AIC_IVR
Read AIC_IVR
Memorize interrupt
Read AIC_IVR
Read AIC_IVR
Push on internal stack the current
priority level
Read AIC_IVR
Write AIC_IVR
Acknowledge the interrupt (1)
Read AIC_IVR
Write AIC_IVR
No effect(2)
Write AIC_IVR
–
Notes: 1. NIRQ de-assertion and automatic interrupt clearing if the source is programmed as
level sensitive
2. Note that software which has been written and debugged using Protect Mode will run
correctly in Normal Mode without modification. However in Normal Mode the
AIC_IVR write has no effect and can be removed to optimize the code.
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1745C–ATARM–12/02
AIC User Interface
Base Address: 0xFFFFF000 (Code Label AIC_BASE)
Table 11. AIC Memory Map
Offset
Register
0x000
0x004
–
94
Access
Reset State
Source Mode Register 0
AIC_SMR0
Read/Write
0
Source Mode Register 1
AIC_SMR1
Read/Write
0
–
Read/Write
0
–
0x07C
Source Mode Register 31
AIC_SMR31
Read/Write
0
0x080
Source Vector Register 0
AIC_SVR0
Read/Write
0
0x084
Source Vector Register 1
AIC_SVR1
Read/Write
0
–
Read/Write
0
AIC_SVR31
Read/Write
0
–
Note:
Name
–
0x0FC
Source Vector Register 31
0x100
IRQ Vector Register
AIC_IVR
Read-only
0
0x104
FIQ Vector Register
AIC_FVR
Read-only
0
0x108
Interrupt Status Register
AIC_ISR
Read-only
0
0x10C
Interrupt Pending Register
AIC_IPR
Read-only
(see Note 1)
0x110
Interrupt Mask Register
AIC_IMR
Read-only
0
0x114
Core Interrupt Status Register
AIC_CISR
Read-only
0
0x118
Reserved
–
–
–
0x11C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x120
Interrupt Enable Command Register
AIC_IECR
Write-only
–
0x124
Interrupt Disable Command Register
AIC_IDCR
Write-only
–
0x128
Interrupt Clear Command Register
AIC_ICCR
Write-only
–
0x12C
Interrupt Set Command Register
AIC_ISCR
Write-only
–
0x130
End of Interrupt Command Register
AIC_EOICR
Write-only
–
0x134
Spurious Vector Register
AIC_SPU
Read/Write
0
1. The reset value of this register depends on the level of the External IRQ lines. All other sources are cleared at reset.
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
AIC Source Mode Register
Register Name: AIC_SMR0...AIC_SMR31
Access Type:Read/Write
Reset Value: 0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
5
SRCTYPE
PRIOR
• PRIOR: Priority Level (Code Label AIC_PRIOR)
Program the priority level for all sources except source 0 (FIQ).
The priority level can be between 0 (lowest) and 7 (highest).
The priority level is not used for the FIQ, in the SMR0.
• SRCTYPE: Interrupt Source Type (Code Label AIC_SRCTYPE)
Program the input to be positive or negative edge-triggered or positive or negative level sensitive.
The active level or edge is not programmable for the internal sources.
SRCTYPE
Internal
Sources
Code Label Internal
External
Sources
Code Label External
0
0
Level
Sensitive
AIC_SRCTYPE_INT_LEVEL_SENSITIVE
Low-level
Sensitive
AIC_SRCTYPE_EXT_LOW_LEVEL
0
1
Edgetriggered
AIC_SRCTYPE_INT_EDGE_TRIGGERED
Negative
Edgetriggered
AIC_SRCTYPE_EXT_NEGATIVE_EDGE
1
0
Level
Sensitive
AIC_SRCTYPE_INT_LEVEL_SENSITIVE
High-level
Sensitive
AIC_SRCTYPE_EXT_HIGH_LEVEL
1
1
Edgetriggered
AIC_SRCTYPE_INT_EDGE_TRIGGERED
Positive Edgetriggered
AIC_SRCTYPE_EXT_POSITIVE_EDGE
95
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AIC Source Vector Register
Register Name: AIC_SVR0..AIC_SVR31
Access Type:Read/Write
Reset Value:0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
VECTOR
23
22
21
20
VECTOR
15
14
13
12
VECTOR
7
6
5
4
VECTOR
• VECTOR: Interrupt Handler Address
The user may store in these registers the addresses of the corresponding handler for each interrupt source.
AIC Interrupt Vector Register
Register Name: AIC_IVR
Access Type:Read-only
Reset Value:0
Offset:
31
0x100
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
IRQV
23
22
21
20
IRQV
15
14
13
12
IRQV
7
6
5
4
IRQV
• IRQV: Interrupt Vector Register
The IRQ Vector Register contains the vector programmed by the user in the Source Vector Register corresponding to
the current interrupt.
The Source Vector Register (1 to 31) is indexed using the current interrupt number when the Interrupt Vector Register is
read.
When there is no current interrupt, the IRQ Vector Register reads 0.
96
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
AIC FIQ Vector Register
Register Name: AIC_FVR
Access Type:Read-only
Reset Value:0
Offset:
0x104
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
FIQV
23
22
21
20
FIQV
15
14
13
12
FIQV
7
6
5
4
FIQV
• FIQV: FIQ Vector Register
The FIQ Vector Register contains the vector programmed by the user in the Source Vector Register 0 which corresponds to FIQ.
AIC Interrupt Status Register
Register Name: AIC_ISR
Access Type:Read-only
Reset Value:0
Offset:
0x108
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
IRQID
• IRQID: Current IRQ Identifier (Code Label AIC_IRQID)
The Interrupt Status Register returns the current interrupt source number.
97
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AIC Interrupt Pending Register
Register Name: AIC_IPR
Access Type:Read-only
Reset Value:Undefined
Offset:
0x10C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
COMMRX
COMMTX
IRQ0
IRQ1
IRQ2
IRQ3
IRQ4
IRQ5
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
SLCKIRQ
–
–
APMCIRQ
RTCIRQ
DAC1IRQ
DAC0IRQ
ADC1IRQ
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
ADC0IRQ
PIOBIRQ
PIOAIRQ
WDIRQ
TC5IRQ
TC4IRQ
TC3IRQ
TC2IRQ
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TC1IRQ
TC0IRQ
SPIRQ
US2IRQ
US1IRQ
US0IRQ
SWIRQ
FIQ
• Interrupt Pending
0 = Corresponding interrupt is inactive.
1 = Corresponding interrupt is pending.
AIC Interrupt Mask Register
Register Name: AIC_IMR
Access Type:Read-only
Reset Value:0
Offset:
0x110
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
COMMRX
COMMTX
IRQ0
IRQ1
IRQ2
IRQ3
IRQ4
IRQ5
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
SLCKIRQ
–
–
APMCIRQ
RTCIRQ
DAC1IRQ
DAC0IRQ
ADC1IRQ
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
ADC0IRQ
PIOBIRQ
PIOAIRQ
WDIRQ
TC5IRQ
TC4IRQ
TC3IRQ
TC2IRQ
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TC1IRQ
TC0IRQ
SPIRQ
US2IRQ
US1IRQ
US0IRQ
SWIRQ
FIQ
• Interrupt Mask
0 = Corresponding interrupt is disabled.
1 = Corresponding interrupt is enabled.
98
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
AIC Core Interrupt Status Register
Register Name: AIC_CISR
Access Type:Read-only
Reset Value:0
Offset:
0x114
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
NIRQ
NFIQ
• NFIQ: NFIQ Status (Code Label AIC_NFIQ)
0 = NFIQ line inactive.
1 = NFIQ line active.
• NIRQ: NIRQ Status (Code Label AIC_NIRQ)
0 = NIRQ line inactive.
1 = NIRQ line active.
AIC Interrupt Enable Command Register
Register Name: AIC_IECR
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x120
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
COMMRX
COMMTX
IRQ0
IRQ1
IRQ2
IRQ3
IRQ4
IRQ5
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
SLCKIRQ
–
–
APMCIRQ
RTCIRQ
DAC1IRQ
DAC0IRQ
ADC1IRQ
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
ADC0IRQ
PIOBIRQ
PIOAIRQ
WDIRQ
TC5IRQ
TC4IRQ
TC3IRQ
TC2IRQ
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TC1IRQ
TC0IRQ
SPIRQ
US2IRQ
US1IRQ
US0IRQ
SWIRQ
FIQ
• Interrupt Enable
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables corresponding interrupt.
99
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AIC Interrupt Disable Command Register
Register Name: AIC_IDCR
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x124
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
COMMRX
COMMTX
IRQ0
IRQ1
IRQ2
IRQ3
IRQ4
IRQ5
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
SLCKIRQ
–
–
APMCIRQ
RTCIRQ
DAC1IRQ
DAC0IRQ
ADC1IRQ
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
ADC0IRQ
PIOBIRQ
PIOAIRQ
WDIRQ
TC5IRQ
TC4IRQ
TC3IRQ
TC2IRQ
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TC1IRQ
TC0IRQ
SPIRQ
US2IRQ
US1IRQ
US0IRQ
SWIRQ
FIQ
• Interrupt Disable
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables corresponding interrupt.
AIC Interrupt Clear Command Register
Register Name: AIC_ICCR
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x128
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
COMMRX
COMMTX
IRQ0
IRQ1
IRQ2
IRQ3
IRQ4
IRQ5
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
SLCKIRQ
–
–
APMCIRQ
RTCIRQ
DAC1IRQ
DAC0IRQ
ADC1IRQ
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
ADC0IRQ
PIOBIRQ
PIOAIRQ
WDIRQ
TC5IRQ
TC4IRQ
TC3IRQ
TC2IRQ
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TC1IRQ
TC0IRQ
SPIRQ
US2IRQ
US1IRQ
US0IRQ
SWIRQ
FIQ
• Interrupt Clear
0 = No effect.
1 = Clears corresponding interrupt.
100
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
AIC Interrupt Set Command Register
Register Name: AIC_ISCR
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x12C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
COMMRX
COMMTX
IRQ0
IRQ1
IRQ2
IRQ3
IRQ4
IRQ5
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
SLCKIRQ
–
–
APMCIRQ
RTCIRQ
DAC1IRQ
DAC0IRQ
ADC1IRQ
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
ADC0IRQ
PIOBIRQ
PIOAIRQ
WDIRQ
TC5IRQ
TC4IRQ
TC3IRQ
TC2IRQ
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TC1IRQ
TC0IRQ
SPIRQ
US2IRQ
US1IRQ
US0IRQ
SWIRQ
FIQ
• Interrupt Set
0 = No effect.
1 = Sets corresponding interrupt.
AIC End of Interrupt Command Register
Register Name: AIC_EOICR
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x130
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
The End of Interrupt Command Register is used by the interrupt routine to indicate that the interrupt treatment is complete.
Any value can be written because it is only necessary to make a write to this register location to signal the end of interrupt
treatment.
101
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AIC Spurious Vector Register
Register Name:AIC_SPU
Access Type:Read/Write
Reset Value:0
Offset:
31
0x134
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
SPUVEC
23
22
21
20
SPUVEC
15
14
13
12
SPUVEC
7
6
5
4
SPUVEC
• SPUVEC: Spurious Interrupt Vector Handler Address
The user may store the address of the Spurious Interrupt handler in this register.
102
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1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Standard Interrupt
Sequence
It is assumed that:
•
•
The Advanced Interrupt Controller has been programmed, AIC_SVR are loaded
with corresponding interrupt service routine addresses and interrupts are enabled.
The Instruction at address 0x18(IRQ exception vector address) is
ldr pc, [pc, #-&F20]
When NIRQ is asserted, if the bit I of CPSR is 0, the sequence is:
1. The CPSR is stored in SPSR_irq, the current value of the Program Counter is
loaded in the IRQ link register (r14_irq) and the Program Counter (r15) is loaded
with 0x18. In the following cycle during fetch at address 0x1C, the ARM Core
adjusts r14_irq, decrementing it by 4.
2. The ARM Core enters IRQ mode, if it is not already.
3. When the instruction loaded at address 0x18 is executed, the Program Counter
is loaded with the value read in AIC_IVR. Reading the AIC_IVR has the following
effects:
Set the current interrupt to be the pending one with the highest priority. The current
level is the priority level of the current interrupt.
De-assert the NIRQ line on the processor. (Even if vectoring is not used, AIC_IVR
must be read in order to de-assert NIRQ)
Automatically clear the interrupt, if it has been programmed to be edge-triggered
Push the current level on to the stack
Return the value written in the AIC_SVR corresponding to the current interrupt
4. The previous step has effect to branch to the corresponding interrupt service
routine. This should start by saving the Link Register(r14_irq) and the
SPSR(SPSR_irq). Note that the Link Register must be decremented by 4 when it
is saved, if it is to be restored directly into the Program Counter at the end of the
interrupt.
5. Further interrupts can then be unmasked by clearing the I bit in the CPSR, allowing re-assertion of the NIRQ to be taken into account by the core. This can occur
if an interrupt with a higher priority than the current one occurs.
6. The Interrupt Handler can then proceed as required, saving the registers which
are used and restoring them at the end. During this phase, an interrupt of priority
higher than the current level will restart the sequence from step 1. Note that if the
interrupt is programmed to be level sensitive, the source of the interrupt must be
cleared during this phase.
7. The I bit in the CPSR must be set in order to mask interrupts before exiting, to
ensure that the interrupt is completed in an orderly manner.
8. The End Of Interrupt Command Register (AIC_EOICR) must be written in order
to indicate to the AIC that the current interrupt is finished. This causes the current level to be popped from the stack, restoring the previous current level if one
exists on the stack. If another interrupt is pending, with lower or equal priority
than old current level but with higher priority than the new current level, the NIRQ
line is reasserted, but the interrupt sequence does not immediately start
because the I bit is set in the core.
103
1745C–ATARM–12/02
9. The SPSR (SPSR_irq) is restored. Finally, the saved value of the Link Register is
restored directly into the PC. This has effect of returning from the interrupt to
whatever was being executed before, and of loading the CPSR with the stored
SPSR, masking or unmasking the interrupts depending on the state saved in the
SPSR (the previous state of the ARM Core).
Note:
104
The I bit in the SPSR is significant. If it is set, it indicates that the ARM Core was just
about to mask IRQ interrupts when the mask instruction was interrupted. Hence, when
the SPSR is restored, the mask instruction is completed (IRQ is masked).
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
PIO: Parallel I/O
Controller
The AT91M55800A has 58 programmable I/O lines. 13 pins are dedicated as generalpurpose I/O pins. The other I/O lines are multiplexed with an external signal of a peripheral to optimize the use of available package pins. The PIO lines are controlled by two
separate and identical PIO Controllers called PIOA and PIOB. The PIO controller
enables the generation of an interrupt on input change and insertion of a simple input
glitch filter on any of the PIO pins.
Multiplexed I/O Lines
Some I/O lines are multiplexed with an I/O signal of a peripheral. After reset, the pin is
controlled by the PIO Controller and is in input mode.
When a peripheral signal is not used in an application, the corresponding pin can be
used as a parallel I/O. Each parallel I/O line is bi-directional, whether the peripheral
defines the signal as input or output. Figure 40 shows the multiplexing of the peripheral
signals with Parallel I/O signals.
If a pin is multiplexed between the PIO Controller and a peripheral, the pin is controlled
by the registers PIO_PER (PIO Enable) and PIO_PDR (PIO Disable). The register
PIO_PSR (PIO Status) indicates whether the pin is controlled by the corresponding
peripheral or by the PIO Controller.
If a pin is a general multi-purpose parallel I/O pin (not multiplexed with a peripheral),
PIO_PER and PIO_PDR have no effect and PIO_PSR returns 1 for the bits corresponding to these pins.
When the PIO is selected, the peripheral input line is connected to zero.
Output Selection
The user can enable each individual I/O signal as an output with the registers PIO_OER
(Output Enable) and PIO_ODR (Output Disable). The output status of the I/O signals
can be read in the register PIO_OSR (Output Status). The direction defined has effect
only if the pin is configured to be controlled by the PIO Controller.
I/O Levels
Each pin can be configured to be driven high or low. The level is defined in four different
ways, according to the following conditions.
If a pin is controlled by the PIO Controller and is defined as an output (see Output Selection above), the level is programmed using the registers PIO_SODR (Set Output Data)
and PIO_CODR (Clear Output Data). In this case, the programmed value can be read in
PIO_ODSR (Output Data Status).
If a pin is controlled by the PIO Controller and is not defined as an output, the level is
determined by the external circuit.
If a pin is not controlled by the PIO Controller, the state of the pin is defined by the
peripheral (see peripheral datasheets).
In all cases, the level on the pin can be read in the register PIO_PDSR (Pin Data
Status).
Filters
Optional input glitch filtering is available on each pin and is controlled by the registers
PIO_IFER (Input Filter Enable) and PIO_IFDR (Input Filter Disable). The input glitch filtering can be selected whether the pin is used for its peripheral function or as a parallel
I/O line. The register PIO_IFSR (Input Filter Status) indicates whether or not the filter is
activated for each pin.
105
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Interrupts
Each parallel I/O can be programmed to generate an interrupt when a level change
occurs. This is controlled by the PIO_IER (Interrupt Enable) and PIO_IDR (Interrupt Disable) registers which enable/disable the I/O interrupt by setting/clearing the
corresponding bit in the PIO_IMR. When a change in level occurs, the corresponding bit
in the PIO_ISR (Interrupt Status) is set whether the pin is used as a PIO or a peripheral
and whether it is defined as input or output. If the corresponding interrupt in PIO_IMR
(Interrupt Mask) is enabled, the PIO interrupt is asserted.
When PIO_ISR is read, the register is automatically cleared.
User Interface
Each individual I/O is associated with a bit position in the Parallel I/O user interface registers. Each of these registers are 32 bits wide. If a parallel I/O line is not defined, writing
to the corresponding bits has no effect. Undefined bits read zero.
Multi-driver (Open Drain)
Each I/O can be programmed for multi-driver option. This means that the I/O is configured as open drain (can only drive a low level) in order to support external drivers on the
same pin. An external pull-up is necessary to guarantee a logic level of one when the
pin is not being driven.
Registers PIO_MDER (Multi-driver Enable) and PIO_MDDR (Multi-driver Disable) control this option. Multi-driver can be selected whether the I/O pin is controlled by the PIO
Controller or the peripheral. PIO_MDSR (Multi-driver Status) indicates which pins are
configured to support external drivers.
106
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Figure 40. Parallel I/O Multiplexed with a Bi-directional Signal
PIO_OSR
1
Pad Output Enable
1
Peripheral
Output
Enable
0
0
PIO_PSR
PIO_ODSR
PIO_MDSR
1
Pad Output
0
Pad
Pad Input
Filter
Peripheral
Output
1
0
0
OFF
Value(1)
Peripheral
Input
1
PIO_IFSR
PIO_PSR
PIO_PDSR
Event
Detection
PIO_ISR
PIO_IMR
PIOIRQ
Note:
1. See “PIO Connection Tables.”
107
1745C–ATARM–12/02
PIO Connection Tables
Table 12. PIO Controller A Connection Table
PIO Controller
Peripheral
Bit
Number
Port
Name
Port Name
Signal Description
Signal
Direction
OFF
Value(1)
Reset State
Pin
Number
0
PA0
TCLK3
Timer 3 Clock signal
Input
0
PIO Input
66
1
PA1
TIOA3
Timer 3 Signal A
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
67
2
PA2
TIOB3
Timer 3 Signal B
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
68
3
PA3
TCLK4
Timer 4 Clock signal
Input
0
PIO Input
69
4
PA4
TIOA4
Timer 4 Signal A
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
70
5
PA5
TIOB4
Timer 4 Signal B
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
71
6
PA6
TCLK5
Timer 5 Clock signal
Input
0
PIO Input
72
7
PA7
TIOA5
Timer 5 Signal A
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
75
8
PA8
TIOB5
Timer 5 Signal B
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
76
9
PA9
IRQ0
External Interrupt 0
Input
0
PIO Input
77
10
PA10
IRQ1
External Interrupt 1
Input
0
PIO Input
78
11
PA11
IRQ2
External Interrupt 2
Input
0
PIO Input
79
12
PA12
IRQ3
External Interrupt 3
Input
0
PIO Input
80
13
PA13
FIQ
Fast Interrupt
Input
0
PIO Input
81
14
PA14
SCK0
USART 0 Clock signal
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
82
15
PA15
TXD0
USART 0 transmit data
Output
–
PIO Input
83
16
PA16
RXD0
USART 0 receive data
Input
0
PIO Input
84
17
PA17
SCK1
USART 1 Clock signal
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
85
18
PA18
TXD1
USART 1 transmit data
Output
–
PIO Input
86
19
PA19
RXD1
USART 1 receive data
Input
0
PIO Input
91
20
PA20
SCK2
USART 2 Clock signal
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
92
21
PA21
TXD2
USART 2 transmit data
Output
–
PIO Input
93
22
PA22
RXD2
USART 2 receive data
Input
0
PIO Input
94
23
PA23
SPCK
SPI Clock signal
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
95
24
PA24
MISO
SPI Master In Slave Out
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
96
25
PA25
MOSI
SPI Master Out Slave In
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
97
26
PA26
NPCS0
SPI Peripheral Chip Select 0
Bi-directional
1
PIO Input
98
27
PA27
NPCS1
SPI Peripheral Chip Select 1
Output
–
PIO Input
99
28
PA28
NPCS2
SPI Peripheral Chip Select 2
Output
–
PIO Input
100
29
PA29
NPCS3
SPI Peripheral Chip Select 3
Output
–
PIO Input
101
30
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
31
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Note:
108
1. The OFF value is the default level seen on the peripheral input when the PIO line is enabled.
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Table 13. PIO Controller B Connection Table
PIO Controller
Peripheral
Bit
Number
Port
Name
Port Name
Signal Description
Signal
Direction
OFF
Value(1)
Reset State
Pin
Number
0
PB0
–
–
–
–
PIO Input
139
1
PB1
–
–
–
–
PIO Input
140
2
PB2
–
–
–
–
PIO Input
141
3
PB3
IRQ4
External Interrupt 4
Input
0
PIO Input
142
4
PB4
IRQ5
External Interrupt 5
Input
0
PIO Input
143
5
PB5
–
–
–
0
PIO Input
144
6
PB6
AD0TRIG
ADC0 External Trigger
Input
0
PIO Input
145
7
PB7
AD1TRIG
ADC1 External Trigger
Input
0
PIO Input
146
8
PB8
–
–
–
–
PIO Input
149
9
PB9
–
–
–
–
PIO Input
150
10
PB10
–
–
–
–
PIO Input
151
11
PB11
–
–
–
–
PIO Input
152
12
PB12
–
–
–
–
PIO Input
153
13
PB13
–
–
–
–
PIO Input
154
14
PB14
–
–
–
–
PIO Input
155
15
PB15
–
–
–
–
PIO Input
156
16
PB16
–
–
–
–
PIO Input
157
17
PB17
–
–
–
–
PIO Input
158
18
PB18
BMS
Boot Mode Select
Input
0
PIO Input
163
19
PB19
TCLK0
Timer 0 Clock signal
Input
0
PIO Input
55
20
PB20
TIOA0
Timer 0 Signal A
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
56
21
PB21
TIOB0
Timer 0 Signal B
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
57
22
PB22
TCLK1
Timer 1 Clock signal
Input
0
PIO Input
58
23
PB23
TIOA1
Timer 1 Signal A
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
61
24
PB24
TIOB1
Timer 1 Signal B
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
62
25
PB25
TCLK2
Timer 2 Clock signal
Input
0
PIO Input
63
26
PB26
TIOA2
Timer 2 Signal A
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
64
27
PB27
TIOB2
Timer 2 Signal B
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
65
28
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
29
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
30
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
31
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Note:
1. The OFF value is the default level seen on the peripheral input when the PIO line is enabled.
109
1745C–ATARM–12/02
PIO User Interface
PIO Controller A Base Address:0xFFFEC000 (Code Label PIOA_BASE)
PIO Controller B Base Address:0xFFFF0000 (Code Label PIOB_BASE)
Table 14. PIO Controller Memory Map
Offset
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
PIO Enable Register
PIO_PER
Write-only
–
0x04
PIO Disable Register
PIO_PDR
Write-only
–
PIO_PSR
Read-only
0x3FFF FFFF (A)
0x0FFF FFFF (B)
–
–
–
0x08
PIO Status Register
Notes:
110
0x0C
Reserved
0x10
Output Enable Register
PIO_OER
Write-only
–
0x14
Output Disable Register
PIO_ODR
Write-only
–
0x18
Output Status Register
PIO_OSR
Read-only
0
0x1C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x20
Input Filter Enable Register
PIO_IFER
Write-only
–
0x24
Input Filter Disable Register
PIO_IFDR
Write-only
–
0x28
Input Filter Status Register
PIO_IFSR
Read-only
0
0x2C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x30
Set Output Data Register
PIO_SODR
Write-only
–
0x34
Clear Output Data Register
PIO_CODR
Write-only
–
0x38
Output Data Status Register
PIO_ODSR
Read-only
0
0x3C
Pin Data Status Register
PIO_PDSR
Read-only
(see Note 1)
0x40
Interrupt Enable Register
PIO_IER
Write-only
–
0x44
Interrupt Disable Register
PIO_IDR
Write-only
–
0x48
Interrupt Mask Register
PIO_IMR
Read-only
0
0x4C
Interrupt Status Register
PIO_ISR
Read-only
(see Note 2)
0x50
Multi-driver Enable Register
PIO_MDER
Write-only
–
0x54
Multi-driver Disable Register
PIO_MDDR
Write-only
–
0x58
Multi-driver Status Register
PIO_MDSR
Read-only
0
0x5C
Reserved
–
–
–
1. The reset value of this register depends on the level of the external pins at reset.
2. This register is cleared at reset. However, the first read of the register can give a value not equal to zero if any changes have
occurred on any pins between the reset and the read.
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
PIO Enable Register
Register Name:PIO_PER
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to enable individual pins to be controlled by the PIO Controller instead of the associated peripheral.
When the PIO is enabled, the associated peripheral (if any) is held at logic zero.
1 = Enables the PIO to control the corresponding pin (disables peripheral control of the pin).
0 = No effect.
PIO Disable Register
Register Name: PIO_PDR
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x04
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to disable PIO control of individual pins. When the PIO control is disabled, the normal peripheral function is enabled on the corresponding pin.
1 = Disables PIO control (enables peripheral control) on the corresponding pin.
0 = No effect.
111
1745C–ATARM–12/02
PIO Status Register
Register Name:PIO_PSR
Access Type:Read-onlyRead-only
Offset:
0x08
Reset Value:0x3FFFFFFF (A)
0x0FFFFFFF (B)
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register indicates which pins are enabled for PIO control. This register is updated when PIO lines are enabled or
disabled.
1 = PIO is active on the corresponding line (peripheral is inactive).
0 = PIO is inactive on the corresponding line (peripheral is active).
PIO Output Enable Register
Register Name:PIO_OER
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x10
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to enable PIO output drivers. If the pin is driven by a peripheral, this has no effect on the pin, but the
information is stored. The register is programmed as follows:
1 = Enables the PIO output on the corresponding pin.
0 = No effect.
112
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
PIO Output Disable Register
Register Name:PIO_ODR
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x14
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to disable PIO output drivers. If the pin is driven by the peripheral, this has no effect on the pin, but the
information is stored. The register is programmed as follows:
1 = Disables the PIO output on the corresponding pin.
0 = No effect.
PIO Output Status Register
Register Name:PIO_OSR
Access Type:Read-only
Offset:
0x18
Reset Value:0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register shows the PIO pin control (output enable) status which is programmed in PIO_OER and PIO ODR. The
defined value is effective only if the pin is controlled by the PIO. The register reads as follows:
1 = The corresponding PIO is output on this line.
0 = The corresponding PIO is input on this line.
113
1745C–ATARM–12/02
PIO Input Filter Enable Register
Register Name:PIO_IFER
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x20
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to enable input glitch filters. It affects the pin whether or not the PIO is enabled. The register is programmed as follows:
1 = Enables the glitch filter on the corresponding pin.
0 = No effect.
PIO Input Filter Disable Register
Register Name:IO_IFDR
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x24
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to disable input glitch filters. It affects the pin whether or not the PIO is enabled. The register is programmed as follows:
1 = Disables the glitch filter on the corresponding pin.
0 = No effect.
114
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
PIO Input Filter Status Register
Register Name:PIO_IFSR
Access Type:Read-only
Offset:
0x28
Reset Value:0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register indicates which pins have glitch filters selected. It is updated when PIO outputs are enabled or disabled by
writing to PIO_IFER or PIO_IFDR.
1 = Filter is selected on the corresponding input (peripheral and PIO).
0 = Filter is not selected on the corresponding input.
Note:
When the glitch filter is selected, and the PIO Controller clock is disabled, either the signal on the peripheral input or the corresponding bit in PIO_PDSR remains at the current state.
PIO Set Output Data Register
Register Name:PIO_SODR
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x30
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to set PIO output data. It affects the pin only if the corresponding PIO output line is enabled and if the
pin is controlled by the PIO. Otherwise, the information is stored.
1 = PIO output data on the corresponding pin is set.
0 = No effect.
115
1745C–ATARM–12/02
PIO Clear Output Data Register
Register Name:PIO_CODR
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x34
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to clear PIO output data. It affects the pin only if the corresponding PIO output line is enabled and if the
pin is controlled by the PIO. Otherwise, the information is stored.
1 = PIO output data on the corresponding pin is cleared.
0 = No effect.
PIO Output Data Status Register
Register Name:PIO_ODSR
Access Type:Read-only
Offset:
0x38
Reset Value:0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register shows the output data status which is programmed in PIO_SODR or PIO_CODR. The defined value is effective only if the pin is controlled by the PIO Controller and only if the pin is defined as an output.
1 = The output data for the corresponding line is programmed to 1.
0 = The output data for the corresponding line is programmed to 0.
116
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
PIO Pin Data Status Register
Register Name:PIO_PDSR
Access Type:Read-only
Offset:
0x3C
Reset Value:Undefined
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register shows the state of the physical pin of the chip. The pin values are always valid, regardless of whether the pins
are enabled as PIO, peripheral, input or output. The register reads as follows:
1 = The corresponding pin is at logic 1.
0 = The corresponding pin is at logic 0.
PIO Interrupt Enable Register
Register Name:PIO_IER
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x40
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to enable PIO interrupts on the corresponding pin. It has effect whether PIO is enabled or not.
1 = Enables an interrupt when a change of logic level is detected on the corresponding pin.
0 = No effect.
117
1745C–ATARM–12/02
PIO Interrupt Disable Register
Register Name:PIO_IDR
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x44
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to disable PIO interrupts on the corresponding pin. It has effect whether the PIO is enabled or not.
1 = Disables the interrupt on the corresponding pin. Logic level changes are still detected.
0 = No effect.
PIO Interrupt Mask Register
Register Name:PIO_IMR
Access Type:Read-only
Offset:
0x48
Reset Value:0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register shows which pins have interrupts enabled. It is updated when interrupts are enabled or disabled by writing to
PIO_IER or PIO_IDR.
1 = Interrupt is enabled on the corresponding input pin.
0 = Interrupt is not enabled on the corresponding input pin.
118
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
PIO Interrupt Status Register
Register Name:PIO_ISR
Access Type:Read-only
Offset:
0x4C
Reset Value:0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register indicates for each pin when a logic value change has been detected (rising or falling edge). This is valid
whether the PIO is selected for the pin or not and whether the pin is an input or an output.
The register is reset to zero following a read, and at reset.
1 = At least one input change has been detected on the corresponding pin since the register was last read.
0 = No input change has been detected on the corresponding pin since the register was last read.
PIO Multi-driver Enable Register
Register Name:PIO_MDER
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x50
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to enable PIO output drivers to be configured as open drain to support external drivers on the same
pin.
1 = Enables multi-drive option on the corresponding pin.
0 = No effect.
119
1745C–ATARM–12/02
PIO Multi-driver Disable Register
Register Name: PIO_MDDR
Access Type:Write-only
Offset:
0x54
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to disable the open drain configuration of the output buffer.
1 = Disables the multi-driver option on the corresponding pin.
0 = No effect.
PIO Multi-driver Status Register
Register Name:PIO_MDSR
Access Type:Read-only
Reset Value:0x0
Offset:
0x58
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register indicates which pins are configured with open drain drivers.
1 = PIO is configured as an open drain.
0 = PIO is not configured as an open drain.
120
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
SF: Special Function
Registers
Chip Identifier
The AT91M55800A provides registers which implement the following special functions.
•
Chip identification
•
RESET status
The following chip identifier values are covered in this datasheet:
Product
AT91M55800A
Revision
Chip ID
A
0x15580040
SF User Interface
Chip ID Base Address = 0xFFF00000 (Code Label SF_BASE)
Table 15. SF Memory Map
Offset
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
Chip ID Register
SF_CIDR
Read-only
Hardwired
0x04
Chip ID Extension Register
SF_EXID
Read-only
Hardwired
0x08
Reset Status Register
SF_RSR
Read-only
See register
description
0x0C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x10
Reserved
–
–
–
0x14
Reserved
–
–
–
0x18
Protect Mode Register
SF_PMR
Read/Write
0x0
121
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Chip ID Register
Register Name:SF_CIDR
Access Type:Read-only
Offset:
0x00
31
30
29
EXT
28
27
26
NVPTYP
23
22
21
20
19
18
ARCH
15
14
25
24
17
16
9
8
1
0
ARCH
VDSIZ
13
12
11
10
NVDSIZ
NVPSIZ
7
6
5
0
1
0
4
3
2
VERSION
• VERSION: Version of the chip (Code Label SF_VERSION)
This value is incremented by one with each new version of the chip (from zero to a maximum value of 31).
• NVPSIZ: Nonvolatile Program Memory Size
NVPSIZ
Size
Code Label: SF_NVPSIZ
0
0
0
0
None
SF_NVPSIZ_NONE
0
0
1
1
32K Bytes
SF_NVPSIZ_32K
0
1
0
1
64K Bytes
SF_NVP_SIZ_64K
0
1
1
1
128K Bytes
SF_NVP_SIZ_128K
1
0
0
1
256K Bytes
SF_NVP_SIZ_256K
Reserved
–
Others
• NVDSIZ: Nonvolatile Data Memory Size
NVDSIZ
0
0
0
0
Others
Size
Code Label: SF_NVDSIZ
None
SF_NVDSIZ_NONE
Reserved
–
Size
Code Label: SF_VDSIZ
• VDSIZ: Volatile Data Memory Size
VDSIZ
0
0
0
0
None
SF_VDSIZ_NONE
0
0
0
1
1K Bytes
SF_VDSIZ_1K
0
0
1
0
2K Bytes
SF_VDSIZ_2K
0
1
0
0
4K Bytes
SF_VDSIZ_4K
1
0
0
0
8K Bytes
SF_VDSIZ_8K
Reserved
–
Others
122
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
• ARCH: Chip Architecture
Code of Architecture: Two BCD digits
ARCH
Selected ARCH
Code Label: SF_ARCH
0110 0011
AT91x63yyy
SF_ARCH_AT91x63
0100 0000
AT91x40yyy
SF_ARCH_AT91x40
0101 0101
AT91x55yyy
SF_ARCH_AT91x55
• NVPTYP: Nonvolatile Program Memory Type
NVPTYP
Type
Code Label: SF_NVPTYP
0
0
1
“M” Series or “F” Series
SF_NVPTYP_M
1
0
0
“R” Series
SF_NVPTYP_R
Note:
All other codes are reserved.
• EXT: Extension Flag (Code Label SF_EXT)
0 = Chip ID has a single-register definition without extensions
1 = An extended Chip ID exists (to be defined in the future).
Chip ID Extension Register
Register Name:SF_EXID
Access Type:Read-only
Offset:
0x04
This register is reserved for future use. It will be defined when needed.
123
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Reset Status Register
Register Name:SF_RSR
Access Type:Read-only
Offset:
0x08
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
RESET
• RESET: Reset Status Information
This field indicates whether the reset was demanded by the external system (via NRST) or by the Watchdog internal reset
request.
Reset
Cause of Reset
Code Label
0x6C
External Pin
SF_EXT_RESET
0x53
Internal Watchdog
SF_WD_RESET
SF Protect Mode Register
Register Name:SF_PMR
Access Type:Read/Write
Reset Value:0x0
Offset:
31
0x18
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
PMRKEY
23
22
21
20
PMRKEY
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
AIC
–
–
–
–
–
• PMRKEY: Protect Mode Register Key
Used only when writing SF_PMR. PMRKEY is reads 0.
0x27A8: Write access in SF_PMR is allowed.
Other value: Write access in SF_PMR is prohibited.
• AIC: AIC Protect Mode Enable (Code Label SF_AIC)
0 = The Advanced Interrupt Controller runs in Normal Mode.
1 = The Advanced Interrupt Controller runs in Protect Mode.
124
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
USART: Universal
Synchronous/
Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter
The AT91M55800AA provides three identical, full-duplex, universal synchronous/asynchronous receiver/transmitters which are connected to the Peripheral Data Controller.
The main features are:
•
Programmable Baud Rate Generator
•
Parity, Framing and Overrun Error Detection
•
Line Break Generation and Detection
•
Automatic Echo, Local Loopback and Remote Loopback channel modes
•
Multi-drop Mode: Address Detection and Generation
•
Interrupt Generation
•
Two Dedicated Peripheral Data Controller channels
•
5-, 6-, 7-, 8- and 9-bit character length
Figure 41. USART Block Diagram
ASB
Peripheral Data Controller
AMBA
Receiver
Channel
Transmitter
Channel
USART Channel
APB
PIO:
Parallel
I/O
Controller
Control Logic
USxIRQ
RXD
Transmitter
TXD
Interrupt Control
MCK
Baud Rate Generator
MCK/8
Receiver
Baud Rate Clock
SCK
125
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Pin Description
Table 16. USART Channel External Signals
Name
Description
SCK
USART Serial clock can be configured as input or output:
SCK is configured as input if an External clock is selected (USCLKS[1] = 1)
SCK is driven as output if the External Clock is disabled (USCLKS[1] = 0) and Clock output is enabled (CLKO = 1)
TXD
Transmit Serial Data is an output
RXD
Receive Serial Data is an input
Notes:
126
1. After a hardware reset, the USART clock is disabled by default. The user must configure the Power Management Controller
before any access to the User Interface of the USART.
2. After a hardware reset, the USART pins are deselected by default (see “PIO: Parallel I/O Controller” on page 105). The user
must configure the PIO Controller before enabling the transmitter or receiver. If the user selects one of the internal clocks,
SCK can be configured as a PIO.
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Baud Rate Generator
The Baud Rate Generator provides the bit period clock (the Baud Rate clock) to both the
Receiver and the Transmitter.
The Baud Rate Generator can select between external and internal clock sources. The
external clock source is SCK. The internal clock sources can be either the master clock
MCK or the master clock divided by 8 (MCK/8).
Note:
In all cases, if an external clock is used, the duration of each of its levels must be longer
than the system clock (MCK) period. The external clock frequency must be at least 2.5
times lower than the system clock.
When the USART is programmed to operate in Asynchronous Mode (SYNC = 0 in the
Mode Register US_MR), the selected clock is divided by 16 times the value (CD) written
in US_BRGR (Baud Rate Generator Register). If US_BRGR is set to 0, the Baud Rate
Clock is disabled.
Baud Rate
Selected Clock
16 x CD
=
When the USART is programmed to operate in Synchronous Mode (SYNC = 1) and the
selected clock is internal (USCLKS[1] = 0 in the Mode Register US_MR), the Baud Rate
Clock is the internal selected clock divided by the value written in US_BRGR. If
US_BRGR is set to 0, the Baud Rate Clock is disabled.
Baud Rate
Selected Clock
CD
=
In Synchronous Mode with external clock selected (USCLKS[1] = 1), the clock is provided directly by the signal on the SCK pin. No division is active. The value written in
US_BRGR has no effect.
Figure 42. Baud Rate Generator
USCLKS [0]
USCLKS [1]
MCK
MCK/8
SCK
CD
0
1
CD
0
CLK
16-bit Counter
OUT
SYNC
>1
1
1
0
0
0
Divide
by 16
0
Baud Rate
Clock
1
SYNC
1
USCLKS [1]
127
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Receiver
Asynchronous Receiver
The USART is configured for asynchronous operation when SYNC = 0 (bit 7 of
US_MR). In asynchronous mode, the USART detects the start of a received character
by sampling the RXD signal until it detects a valid start bit. A low level (space) on RXD is
interpreted as a valid start bit if it is detected for more than 7 cycles of the sampling
clock, which is 16 times the baud rate. Hence a space which is longer than 7/16 of the
bit period is detected as a valid start bit. A space which is 7/16 of a bit period or shorter
is ignored and the receiver continues to wait for a valid start bit.
When a valid start bit has been detected, the receiver samples the RXD at the theoretical mid-point of each bit. It is assumed that each bit lasts 16 cycles of the sampling clock
(one bit period) so the sampling point is 8 cycles (0.5-bit periods) after the start of the bit.
The first sampling point is therefore 24 cycles (1.5-bit periods) after the falling edge of
the start bit was detected. Each subsequent bit is sampled 16 cycles (1-bit period) after
the previous one.
Figure 43. Asynchronous Mode: Start Bit Detection
16 x Baud
Rate Clock
RXD
Sampling
D0
True Start
Detection
Figure 44. Asynchronous Mode: Character Reception
Example: 8-bit, parity enabled 1 stop
0.5-bit
periods
1-bit
period
RXD
Sampling
128
D0
D1
True Start Detection
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
Stop Bit
D7
Parity Bit
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Synchronous Receiver
When configured for synchronous operation (SYNC = 1), the receiver samples the RXD
signal on each rising edge of the Baud Rate clock. If a low level is detected, it is considered as a start. Data bits, parity bit and stop bit are sampled and the receiver waits for
the next start bit. See example in Figure 45.
Figure 45. Synchronous Mode: Character Reception
Example: 8-bit, parity enabled 1 stop
SCK
RXD
Sampling
D0
D1
True Start Detection
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
Stop Bit
D7
Parity Bit
Receiver Ready
When a complete character is received, it is transferred to the US_RHR and the RXRDY
status bit in US_CSR is set. If US_RHR has not been read since the last transfer, the
OVRE status bit in US_CSR is set.
Parity Error
Each time a character is received, the receiver calculates the parity of the received data
bits, in accordance with the field PAR in US_MR. It then compares the result with the
received parity bit. If different, the parity error bit PARE in US_CSR is set. When the
character is completed and as soon as the character is read, the parity status bit is
cleared.
Framing Error
If a character is received with a stop bit at low level and with at least one data bit at high
level, a framing error is generated. This sets FRAME in US_CSR.
Time-out
This function allows an idle condition on the RXD line to be detected. The maximum
delay for which the USART should wait for a new character to arrive while the RXD line
is inactive (high level) is programmed in US_RTOR (Receiver Time-out). When this register is set to 0, no time-out is detected. Otherwise, the receiver waits for a first character
and then initializes a counter which is decremented at each bit period and reloaded at
each byte reception. When the counter reaches 0, the TIMEOUT bit in US_CSR is set.
The user can restart the wait for a first character with the STTTO (Start Time-out) bit in
US_CR.
Calculation of time-out duration:
Duration = Value • 4 • BitPeriod
129
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Transmitter
The transmitter has the same behavior in both synchronous and asynchronous operating modes. Start bit, data bits, parity bit and stop bits are serially shifted, lowest
significant bit first, on the falling edge of the serial clock. See example in Figure 46.
The number of data bits is selected in the CHRL field in US_MR.
The parity bit is set according to the PAR field in US_MR.
The number of stop bits is selected in the NBSTOP field in US_MR.
When a character is written to US_THR (Transmit Holding), it is transferred to the Shift
Register as soon as it is empty. When the transfer occurs, the TXRDY bit in US_CSR is
set until a new character is written to US_THR. If Transmit Shift Register and US_THR
are both empty, the TXEMPTY bit in US_CSR is set.
Time-guard
The Time-guard function allows the transmitter to insert an idle state on the TXD line
between two characters. The duration of the idle state is programmed in US_TTGR
(Transmitter Time-guard). When this register is set to zero, no time-guard is generated.
Otherwise, the transmitter holds a high level on TXD after each transmitted byte during
the number of bit periods programmed in US_TTGR.
Bit
Idle state duration
= Time-guard •
period
value
between two characters
Multi-drop Mode
When the field PAR in US_MR equals 11X (binary value), the USART is configured to
run in multi-drop mode. In this case, the parity error bit PARE in US_CSR is set when
data is detected with a parity bit set to identify an address byte. PARE is cleared with the
Reset Status Bits Command (RSTSTA) in US_CR. If the parity bit is detected low, identifying a data byte, PARE is not set.
The transmitter sends an address byte (parity bit set) when a Send Address Command
(SENDA) is written to US_CR. In this case, the next byte written to US_THR will be
transmitted as an address. After this any byte transmitted will have the parity bit cleared.
Figure 46. Synchronous and Asynchronous Modes: Character Transmission
Example: 8-bit, parity enabled 1 stop
Baud Rate
Clock
TXD
Start
Bit
130
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
Parity
Bit
Stop
Bit
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Break
A break condition is a low signal level which has a duration of at least one character
(including start/stop bits and parity).
Transmit Break
The transmitter generates a break condition on the TXD line when STTBRK is set in
US_CR (Control Register). In this case, the character present in the Transmit Shift Register is completed before the line is held low.
To cancel a break condition on the TXD line, the STPBRK command in US_CR must be
set. The USART completes a minimum break duration of one character length. The TXD
line then returns to high level (idle state) for at least 12-bit periods to ensure that the end
of break is correctly detected. Then the transmitter resumes normal operation.
The BREAK is managed like a character:
•
The STTBRK and the STPBRK commands are performed only if the transmitter is
ready (bit TXRDY = 1 in US_CSR)
•
The STTBRK command blocks the transmitter holding register (bit TXRDY is
cleared in US_CSR) until the break has started
•
A break is started when the Shift Register is empty (any previous character is fully
transmitted). US_CSR.TXEMPTY is cleared. The break blocks the transmitter shift
register until it is completed (high level for at least 12-bit periods after the STPBRK
command is requested)
In order to avoid unpredictable states:
•
STTBRK and STPBRK commands must not be requested at the same time
•
Once an STTBRK command is requested, further STTBRK commands are ignored
until the BREAK is ended (high level for at least 12-bit periods)
•
All STPBRK commands requested without a previous STTBRK command are
ignored
•
A byte written into the Transmit Holding Register while a break is pending but not
started (bit TXRDY = 0 in US_CSR) is ignored
•
It is not permitted to write new data in the Transmit Holding Register while a break is
in progress (STPBRK has not been requested), even though TXRDY = 1 in
US_CSR.
•
A new STTBRK command must not be issued until an existing break has ended
(TXEMPTY=1 in US_CSR).
131
1745C–ATARM–12/02
The standard break transmission sequence is:
1. Wait for the transmitter ready
(US_CSR.TXRDY = 1)
2. Send the STTBRK command
(write 0x0200 to US_CR)
3. Wait for the transmitter ready
(bit TXRDY = 1 in US_CSR)
4. Send the STPBRK command
(write 0x0400 to US_CR)
The next byte can then be sent:
5. Wait for the transmitter ready
(bit TXRDY = 1 in US_CSR)
6. Send the next byte
(write byte to US_THR)
Each of these steps can be scheduled by using the interrupt if the bit TXRDY in US_IMR
is set.
For character transmission, the USART channel must be enabled before sending a
break.
132
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Receive Break
The receiver detects a break condition when all data, parity and stop bits are low. When
the low stop bit is detected, the receiver asserts the RXBRK bit in US_CSR. An end of
receive break is detected by a high level for at least 1-bit + 1/16 of a bit period in asynchronous operating mode or at least one sample in synchronous operating mode.
RXBRK is also asserted when an end of break is detected.
Both the beginning and the end of a break can be detected by interrupt if the bit
US_IMR.RXBRK is set.
Peripheral Data
Controller
Each USART channel is closely connected to a corresponding Peripheral Data Controller channel. One is dedicated to the receiver. The other is dedicated to the transmitter.
Note:
The PDC is disabled if 9-bit character length is selected (MODE9 = 1) in US_MR.
The PDC channel is programmed using US_TPR (Transmit Pointer) and US_TCR
(Transmit Counter) for the transmitter and US_RPR (Receive Pointer) and US_RCR
(Receive Counter) for the receiver. The status of the PDC is given in US_CSR by the
ENDTX bit for the transmitter and by the ENDRX bit for the receiver.
The pointer registers (US_TPR and US_RPR) are used to store the address of the
transmit or receive buffers. The counter registers (US_TCR and US_RCR) are used to
store the size of these buffers.
The receiver data transfer is triggered by the RXRDY bit and the transmitter data transfer is triggered by TXRDY. When a transfer is performed, the counter is decremented
and the pointer is incremented. When the counter reaches 0, the status bit is set
(ENDRX for the receiver, ENDTX for the transmitter in US_CSR) and can be programmed to generate an interrupt. Transfers are then disabled until a new non-zero
counter value is programmed.
Interrupt Generation
Each status bit in US_CSR has a corresponding bit in US_IER (Interrupt Enable) and
US_IDR (Interrupt Disable) which controls the generation of interrupts by asserting the
USART interrupt line connected to the Advanced Interrupt Controller. US_IMR (Interrupt
Mask Register) indicates the status of the corresponding bits.
When a bit is set in US_CSR and the same bit is set in US_IMR, the interrupt line is
asserted.
Channel Modes
The USART can be programmed to operate in three different test modes, using the field
CHMODE in US_MR.
Automatic echo mode allows bit by bit re-transmission. When a bit is received on the
RXD line, it is sent to the TXD line. Programming the transmitter has no effect.
Local loopback mode allows the transmitted characters to be received. TXD and RXD
pins are not used and the output of the transmitter is internally connected to the input of
the receiver. The RXD pin level has no effect and the TXD pin is held high, as in idle
state.
Remote loopback mode directly connects the RXD pin to the TXD pin. The Transmitter
and the Receiver are disabled and have no effect. This mode allows bit by bit retransmission.
133
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Figure 47. Channel Modes
Automatic Echo
RXD
Receiver
Transmitter
Disabled
TXD
Local Loopback
Disabled
Receiver
RXD
VDD
Disabled
Transmitter
Remote Loopback
Receiver
Transmitter
134
TXD
VDD
Disabled
Disabled
RXD
TXD
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
USART User Interface
Base Address USART0:
Base Address USART1:
Base Address USART2:
0xFFFC0000 (Code Label USART0_BASE)
0xFFFC4000 (Code Label USART1_BASE)
0xFFFC8000 (Code Label USART2_BASE)
Table 17. USART Memory Map
Offset
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
Control Register
US_CR
Write-only
–
0x04
Mode Register
US_MR
Read/write
0
0x08
Interrupt Enable Register
US_IER
Write-only
–
0x0C
Interrupt Disable Register
US_IDR
Write-only
–
0x10
Interrupt Mask Register
US_IMR
Read-only
0
0x14
Channel Status Register
US_CSR
Read-only
0x18
0x18
Receiver Holding Register
US_RHR
Read-only
0
0x1C
Transmitter Holding Register
US_THR
Write-only
–
0x20
Baud Rate Generator Register
US_BRGR
Read/write
0
0x24
Receiver Time-out Register
US_RTOR
Read/write
0
0x28
Transmitter Time-guard Register
US_TTGR
Read/write
0
0x2C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x30
Receive Pointer Register
US_RPR
Read/write
0
0x34
Receive Counter Register
US_RCR
Read/write
0
0x38
Transmit Pointer Register
US_TPR
Read/write
0
0x3C
Transmit Counter Register
US_TCR
Read/Write
0
135
1745C–ATARM–12/02
USART Control Register
Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
US_CR
Write-only
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
SENDA
STTTO
STPBRK
STTBRK
RSTSTA
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TXDIS
TXEN
RXDIS
RXEN
RSTTX
RSTRX
–
–
RSTRX: Reset Receiver (Code Label US_RSTRX)
0 = No effect.
1 = The receiver logic is reset.
RSTTX: Reset Transmitter (Code Label US_RSTTX)
0 = No effect.
1 = The transmitter logic is reset.
RXEN: Receiver Enable (Code Label US_RXEN)
0 = No effect.
1 = The receiver is enabled if RXDIS is 0.
RXDIS: Receiver Disable (Code Label US_RXDIS)
0 = No effect.
1 = The receiver is disabled.
TXEN: Transmitter Enable (Code Label US_TXEN)
0 = No effect.
1 = The transmitter is enabled if TXDIS is 0.
TXDIS: Transmitter Disable (Code Label US_TXDIS)
0 = No effect.
1 = The transmitter is disabled.
RSTSTA: Reset Status Bits (Code Label US_RSTSTA)
0 = No effect.
1 = Resets the status bits PARE, FRAME, OVRE and RXBRK in the US_CSR.
STTBRK: Start Break (Code Label US_STTBRK)
0 = No effect.
1 = If break is not being transmitted, start transmission of a break after the characters present in US_THR and the
Transmit Shift Register have been transmitted.
STPBRK: Stop Break (Code Label US_STPBRK)
0 = No effect.
1 = If a break is being transmitted, stop transmission of the break after a minimum of one character length and transmit
a high level during 12 bit periods.
STTTO: Start Time-out (Code Label US_STTTO)
0 = No effect.
1 = Start waiting for a character before clocking the time-out counter.
SENDA: Send Address (Code Label US_SENDA)
0 = No effect.
1 = In Multi-drop Mode only, the next character written to the US_THR is sent with the address bit set.
136
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
USART Mode Register
Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
US_MR
Read/Write
0
0x04
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
CLKO
MODE9
–
14
13
12
11
10
9
15
CHMODE
7
NBSTOP
6
5
CHRL
•
•
8
SYNC
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
USCLKS: Clock Selection (Baud Rate Generator Input Clock)
Selected Clock
Code Label: US_CLKS
0
0
MCK
US_CLKS_MCK
0
1
MCK/8
US_CLKS_MCK8
1
X
External (SCK)
US_CLKS_SCK
Character Length
Code Label: US_CHRL
CHRL: Character Length
CHRL
•
4
USCLKS
USCLKS
•
PAR
0
0
Five bits
US_CHRL_5
0
1
Six bits
US_CHRL_6
1
0
Seven bits
US_CHRL_7
1
1
Eight bits
US_CHRL_8
Start, stop and parity bits are added to the character length.
SYNC: Synchronous Mode Select (Code Label US_SYNC)
0 = USART operates in Asynchronous Mode.
1 = USART operates in Synchronous Mode.
PAR: Parity Type
PAR
Parity Type
Code Label: US_PAR
0
0
0
Even Parity
US_PAR_EVEN
0
0
1
Odd Parity
US_PAR_ODD
0
1
0
Parity forced to 0 (Space)
US_PAR_SPACE
0
1
1
Parity forced to 1 (Mark)
US_PAR_MARK
1
0
x
No parity
US_PAR_NO
1
1
x
Multi-drop mode
US_PAR_MULTIDROP
137
1745C–ATARM–12/02
•
NBSTOP: Number of Stop Bits
The interpretation of the number of stop bits depends on SYNC.
NBSTOP
•
•
Synchronous (SYNC = 1)
Code Label: US_NBSTOP
0
0
1 stop bit
1 stop bit
US_NBSTOP_1
0
1
1.5 stop bits
Reserved
US_NBSTOP_1_5
1
0
2 stop bits
2 stop bits
US_NBSTOP_2
1
1
Reserved
Reserved
–
CHMODE: Channel Mode
CHMODE
•
Asynchronous (SYNC = 0)
Mode Description
Code Label: US_CHMODE
0
0
Normal Mode
The USART Channel operates as an Rx/Tx USART.
US_CHMODE_NORMAL
0
1
Automatic Echo
Receiver Data Input is connected to TXD pin.
US_CHMODE_AUTOMATIC_ECHO
1
0
Local Loopback
Transmitter Output Signal is connected to Receiver Input Signal.
US_CHMODE_LOCAL_LOOPBACK
1
1
Remote Loopback
RXD pin is internally connected to TXD pin.
US_CHMODE_REMODE_LOOPBACK
MODE9: 9-Bit Character Length (Code Label US_MODE9)
0 = CHRL defines character length.
1 = 9-Bit character length.
CKLO: Clock Output Select (Code Label US_CLKO)
0 = The USART does not drive the SCK pin.
1 = The USART drives the SCK pin if USCLKS[1] is 0.
138
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
USART Interrupt Enable Register
Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
US_IER
Write-only
0x08
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
TXEMPTY
TIMEOUT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PARE
FRAME
OVRE
ENDTX
ENDRX
RXBRK
TXRDY
RXRDY
RXRDY: Enable RXRDY Interrupt (Code Label US_RXRDY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables RXRDY Interrupt.
TXRDY: Enable TXRDY Interrupt (Code Label US_TXRDY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables TXRDY Interrupt.
RXBRK: Enable Receiver Break Interrupt (Code Label US_RXBRK)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables Receiver Break Interrupt.
ENDRX: Enable End of Receive Transfer Interrupt (Code Label US_ENDRX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables End of Receive Transfer Interrupt.
ENDTX: Enable End of Transmit Transfer Interrupt (Code Label US_ENDTX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables End of Transmit Transfer Interrupt.
OVRE: Enable Overrun Error Interrupt (Code Label US_OVRE)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables Overrun Error Interrupt.
FRAME: Enable Framing Error Interrupt (Code Label US_FRAME)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables Framing Error Interrupt.
PARE: Enable Parity Error Interrupt (Code Label US_PARE)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables Parity Error Interrupt.
TIMEOUT: Enable Time-out Interrupt (Code Label US_TIMEOUT)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables Reception Time-out Interrupt.
TXEMPTY: Enable TXEMPTY Interrupt (Code Label US_TXEMPTY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables TXEMPTY Interrupt.
139
1745C–ATARM–12/02
USART Interrupt Disable Register
Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
US_IDR
Write-only
0x0C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
TXEMPTY
TIMEOUT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PARE
FRAME
OVRE
ENDTX
ENDRX
RXBRK
TXRDY
RXRDY
RXRDY: Disable RXRDY Interrupt (Code Label US_RXRDY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables RXRDY Interrupt.
TXRDY: Disable TXRDY Interrupt (Code Label US_TXRDY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables TXRDY Interrupt.
RXBRK: Disable Receiver Break Interrupt (Code Label US_RXBRK)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables Receiver Break Interrupt.
ENDRX: Disable End of Receive Transfer Interrupt (Code Label US_ENDRX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables End of Receive Transfer Interrupt.
ENDTX: Disable End of Transmit Transfer Interrupt (Code Label US_ENDTX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables End of Transmit Transfer Interrupt.
OVRE: Disable Overrun Error Interrupt (Code Label US_OVRE)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables Overrun Error Interrupt.
FRAME: Disable Framing Error Interrupt (Code Label US_FRAME)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables Framing Error Interrupt.
PARE: Disable Parity Error Interrupt (Code Label US_PARE)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables Parity Error Interrupt.
TIMEOUT: Disable Time-out Interrupt (Code Label US_TIMEOUT)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables Receiver Time-out Interrupt.
TXEMPTY: Disable TXEMPTY Interrupt (Code Label US_TXEMPTY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables TXEMPTY Interrupt.
140
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
USART Interrupt Mask Register
Name:
Access Type:
Reset Value:
Offset:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
US_IMR
Read-only
0x0
0x10
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
TXEMPTY
TIMEOUT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PARE
FRAME
OVRE
ENDTX
ENDRX
RXBRK
TXRDY
RXRDY
RXRDY: RXRDY Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_RXRDY)
0 = RXRDY Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = RXRDY Interrupt is Enabled.
TXRDY: TXRDY Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_TXRDY)
0 = TXRDY Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = TXRDY Interrupt is Enabled.
RXBRK: Receiver Break Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_RXBRK)
0 = Receiver Break Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = Receiver Break Interrupt is Enabled.
ENDRX: End of Receive Transfer Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_ENDRX)
0 = End of Receive Transfer Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = End of Receive Transfer Interrupt is Enabled.
ENDTX: End of Transmit Transfer Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_ENDTX)
0 = End of Transmit Transfer Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = End of Transmit Transfer Interrupt is Enabled.
OVRE: Overrun Error Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_OVRE)
0 = Overrun Error Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = Overrun Error Interrupt is Enabled.
FRAME: Framing Error Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_FRAME)
0 = Framing Error Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = Framing Error Interrupt is Enabled.
PARE: Parity Error Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_PARE)
0 = Parity Error Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = Parity Error Interrupt is Enabled.
TIMEOUT: Time-out Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_TIMEOUT)
0 = Receive Time-out Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = Receive Time-out Interrupt is Enabled.
TXEMPTY: TXEMPTY Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_TXEMPTY)
0 = TXEMPTY Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = TXEMPTY Interrupt is Enabled.
141
1745C–ATARM–12/02
USART Channel Status Register
Name:
Access Type:
Reset:
Offset:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
US_CSR
Read-only
0x18
0x14
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
TXEMPTY
TIMEOUT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PARE
FRAME
OVRE
ENDTX
ENDRX
RXBRK
TXRDY
RXRDY
RXRDY: Receiver Ready (Code Label US_RXRDY)
0 = No complete character has been received since the last read of the US_RHR or the receiver is disabled.
1 = At least one complete character has been received and the US_RHR has not yet been read.
TXRDY: Transmitter Ready (Code Label US_TXRDY)
0 = US_THR contains a character waiting to be transferred to the Transmit Shift Register, or an STTBRK command has
been requested.
1 = US_THR is empty and there is no Break request pending TSR availability.
Equal to zero when the USART is disabled or at reset. Transmitter Enable command (in US_CR) sets this bit to one.
RXBRK: Break Received/End of Break (Code Label US_RXBRK)
0 = No Break Received nor End of Break detected since the last “Reset Status Bits” command in the Control Register.
1 = Break Received or End of Break detected since the last “Reset Status Bits” command in the Control Register.
ENDRX: End of Receive Transfer (Code Label US_ENDRX)
0 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the receiver is inactive.
1 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the receiver is active.
ENDTX: End of Transmit Transfer (Code Label US_ENDTX)
0 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the transmitter is inactive.
1 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the transmitter is active.
OVRE: Overrun Error (Code Label US_OVRE)
0 = No byte has been transferred from the Receive Shift Register to the US_RHR when RxRDY was asserted since the
last “Reset Status Bits” command.
1 = At least one byte has been transferred from the Receive Shift Register to the US_RHR when RxRDY was asserted
since the last “Reset Status Bits” command.
FRAME: Framing Error (Code Label US_FRAME)
0 = No stop bit has been detected low since the last “Reset Status Bits” command.
1 = At least one stop bit has been detected low since the last “Reset Status Bits” command.
PARE: Parity Error (Code Label US_PARE)
1 = At least one parity bit has been detected false (or a parity bit high in multi-drop mode) since the last “Reset Status
Bits” command.
0 = No parity bit has been detected false (or a parity bit high in multi-drop mode) since the last “Reset Status Bits” command.
TIMEOUT: Receiver Time-out (Code Label US_TIMEOUT)
0 = There has not been a time-out since the last “Start Time-out” command or the Time-out Register is 0.
1 = There has been a time-out since the last “Start Time-out” command.
TXEMPTY: Transmitter Empty (Code Label US_TXEMPTY)
0 = There are characters in either US_THR or the Transmit Shift Register or a Break is being transmitted.
1 = There are no characters in US_THR and the Transmit Shift Register and Break is not active.
Equal to zero when the USART is disabled or at reset. Transmitter Enable command (in US_CR) sets this bit to one.
142
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
USART Receiver Holding Register
Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
US_RHR
Read-only
0
0x18
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
RXCHR
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
RXCHR
•
RXCHR: Received Character
Last character received if RXRDY is set. When number of data bits is less than 9 bits, the bits are right-aligned.
All unused bits read zero.
USART Transmitter Holding Register
Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
US_THR
Write-only
0x1C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
TXCHR
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TXCHR
•
TXCHR: Character to be Transmitted
Next character to be transmitted after the current character if TXRDY is not set. When number of data bits is less than 9
bits, the bits are right-aligned.
143
1745C–ATARM–12/02
USART Baud Rate Generator Register
Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
US_BRGR
Read/Write
0
0x20
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
CD
7
6
5
4
CD
•
CD: Clock Divisor
This register has no effect if Synchronous Mode is selected with an external clock.
CD
0
Disables Clock
1
Clock Divisor bypass
2 to 65535
Notes:
144
Baud Rate (Asynchronous Mode) = Selected clock/(16 x CD)
Baud Rate (Synchronous Mode) = Selected clock/CD
1. In Synchronous Mode, the value programmed must be even to ensure a 50:50 mark:space ratio.
2. Clock divisor bypass (CD = 1) must not be used when internal clock MCK is selected (USCLKS = 0).
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
USART Receiver Time-out Register
Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
US_RTOR
Read/Write
0
0x24
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TO
•
TO: Time-out Value
When a value is written to this register, a Start Time-out Command is automatically performed.
TO
0
Disables the RX Time-out function.
1 - 255
The Time-out counter is loaded with TO when the Start Time-out Command is given or when each new data character is
received (after reception has started).
Time-out duration = TO x 4 x Bit period
USART Transmitter Time-guard Register
Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
US_TTGR
Read/Write
0
0x28
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TG
•
TG: Time-guard Value
TG
0
1 - 255
Disables the TX Time-guard function.
TXD is inactive high after the transmission of each character for the time-guard duration.
Time-guard duration = TG x Bit period
145
1745C–ATARM–12/02
USART Receive Pointer Register
Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
31
US_RPR
Read/Write
0
0x30
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RXPTR
23
22
21
20
RXPTR
15
14
13
12
RXPTR
7
6
5
4
RXPTR
•
RXPTR: Receive Pointer
RXPTR must be loaded with the address of the receive buffer.
USART Receive Counter Register
Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
US_RCR
Read/Write
0
0x34
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RXCTR
7
6
5
4
RXCTR
•
RXCTR: Receive Counter
RXCTR must be loaded with the size of the receive buffer.
0: Stop Peripheral Data Transfer dedicated to the receiver.
1 - 65535: Start Peripheral Data transfer if RXRDY is active.
146
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
USART Transmit Pointer Register
Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
31
US_TPR
Read/Write
0
0x38
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
TXPTR
23
22
21
20
TXPTR
15
14
13
12
TXPTR
7
6
5
4
TXPTR
•
TXPTR: Transmit Pointer
TXPTR must be loaded with the address of the transmit buffer.
USART Transmit Counter Register
Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
US_TCR
Read/Write
0
0x3C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
TXCTR
7
6
5
4
TXCTR
•
TXCTR: Transmit Counter
TXCTR must be loaded with the size of the transmit buffer.
0: Stop Peripheral Data Transfer dedicated to the transmitter.
1 - 65535: Start Peripheral Data transfer if TXRDY is active.
147
1745C–ATARM–12/02
TC: Timer Counter
The AT91M55800A features two Timer Counter Blocks, each containing three identical
16-bit timer counter channels. Each channel can be independently programmed to perform a wide range of functions including frequency measurement, event counting,
interval measurement, pulse generation, delay timing and pulse-width modulation.
Each Timer Counter channel has three external clock inputs, five internal clock inputs,
and two multi-purpose input/output signals which can be configured by the user. Each
channel drives an internal interrupt signal which can be programmed to generate processor interrupts via the AIC (Advanced Interrupt Controller).
Each Timer Counter block has two global registers which act upon all three TC channels. The Block Control Register allows the three channels to be started simultaneously
with the same instruction. The Block Mode Register defines the external clock inputs for
each Timer Counter channel, allowing them to be chained.
The internal configuration of a single Timer Counter Block is shown in Figure 48.
Figure 48. TC Block Diagram
Parallel IO
Controller
MCK/2
TCLK0
MCK/8
TIOA1
TIOA2
XC0
MCK/32
XC1
TCLK1
Timer Counter
Channel 0
TIOA
TIOA0
TIOB0
TIOA0
TIOB
MCK/128
XC2
TCLK2
TC0XC0S
MCK/1024
TIOB0
SYNC
TCLK0
TCLK1
TCLK2
INT
TCLK0
XC0
TCLK1
TIOA0
XC1
Timer Counter
Channel 1
TIOA
TIOA1
TIOB1
TIOA1
TIOB
TIOA2
TCLK2
XC2
TC1XC1S
TCLK0
XC0
TCLK1
XC1
TIOB1
SYNC
Timer Counter
Channel 2
INT
TIOA
TIOA2
TIOB2
TIOA2
TIOB
TCLK2
XC2
TIOA0
TIOA1
TC2XC2S
TIOB2
SYNC
INT
Timer Counter Block
Advanced
Interrupt
Controller
148
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Signal Name Description
Channel Signals
Description
XC0, XC1, XC2
External Clock Inputs
TIOA
Capture Mode: General-purpose input
Waveform Mode: General-purpose output
TIOB
Capture Mode: General-purpose input
Waveform Mode: General-purpose input/output
INT
Interrupt signal output
SYNC
Synchronization input signal
Block 0 Signals
Description
TCLK0, TCLK1, TCLK2
External Clock Inputs for Channels 0, 1, 2
TIOA0
TIOA signal for Channel 0
TIOB0
TIOB signal for Channel 0
TIOA1
TIOA signal for Channel 1
TIOB1
TIOB signal for Channel 1
TIOA2
TIOA signal for Channel 2
TIOB2
TIOB signal for Channel 2
Block 1 Signals
Description
TCLK3, TCLK4, TCLK5
External Clock Inputs for Channels 3, 4, 5
TIOA3
TIOA signal for Channel 3
TIOB3
TIOB signal for Channel 3
TIOA4
TIOA signal for Channel 4
TIOB4
TIOB signal for Channel 4
TIOA5
TIOA signal for Channel 5
TIOB5
TIOB signal for Channel 5
Notes:
1. After a hardware reset, the TC clock is disabled by default ( See “APMC: Advanced Power Management Controller” on page
50.). The user must configure the Power Management Controller before any access to the User Interface of the TC.
2. After a hardware reset, the Timer Counter block pins are controlled by the PIO Controller. They must be configured to be
controlled by the peripheral before being used.
149
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Timer Counter
Description
Each Timer Counter channel is identical in operation. The registers for channel programming are listed below “Signal Name Description” on page 149.
Counter
Each Timer Counter channel is organized around a 16-bit counter. The value of the
counter is incremented at each positive edge of the input clock. When the counter
reaches the value 0xFFFF and passes to 0x0000, an overflow occurs and the bit
COVFS in TC_SR (Status Register) is set.
The current value of the counter is accessible in real-time by reading TC_CV. The
counter can be reset by a trigger. In this case, the counter value passes to 0x0000 on
the next valid edge of the clock.
Clock Selection
At block level, input clock signals of each channel can either be connected to the external inputs TCLK0, TCLK1 or TCLK2, or be connected to the configurable I/O signals
TIOA0, TIOA1 or TIOA2 for chaining by programming the TC_BMR (Block Mode).
Each channel can independently select an internal or external clock source for its
counter:
•
Internal clock signals: MCK/2, MCK/8, MCK/32, MCK/128, MCK/1024
•
External clock signals: XC0, XC1 or XC2
The selected clock can be inverted with the CLKI bit in TC_CMR (Channel Mode). This
allows counting on the opposite edges of the clock.
The burst function allows the clock to be validated when an external signal is high. The
BURST parameter in the Mode Register defines this signal (none, XC0, XC1, XC2).
Note:
In all cases, if an external clock is used, the duration of each of its levels must be longer
than the system clock (MCK) period. The external clock frequency must be at least 2.5
times lower than the system clock.
Figure 49. Clock Selection
CLKS
CLKI
MCK/2
MCK/8
MCK/32
MCK/128
Selected
Clock
MCK/1024
XC0
XC1
XC2
BURST
1
150
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Clock Control
The clock of each counter can be controlled in two different ways: it can be enabled/disabled and started/stopped.
•
The clock can be enabled or disabled by the user with the CLKEN and the CLKDIS
commands in the Control Register. In Capture Mode it can be disabled by an RB
load event if LDBDIS is set to 1 in TC_CMR. In Waveform Mode, it can be disabled
by an RC Compare event if CPCDIS is set to 1 in TC_CMR. When disabled, the
start or the stop actions have no effect: only a CLKEN command in the Control
Register can re-enable the clock. When the clock is enabled, the CLKSTA bit is set
in the Status Register.
•
The clock can also be started or stopped: a trigger (software, synchro, external or
compare) always starts the clock. The clock can be stopped by an RB load event in
Capture Mode (LDBSTOP = 1 in TC_CMR) or a RC compare event in Waveform
Mode (CPCSTOP = 1 in TC_CMR). The start and the stop commands have effect
only if the clock is enabled.
Figure 50. Clock Control
Selected
Clock
Trigger
CLKSTA
Q
Q
S
CLKEN
CLKDIS
S
R
R
Counter
Clock
Timer Counter Operating
Modes
Stop
Event
Disable
Event
Each Timer Counter channel can independently operate in two different modes:
•
Capture Mode allows measurement on signals
•
Waveform Mode allows wave generation
The Timer Counter Mode is programmed with the WAVE bit in the TC Mode Register. In
Capture Mode, TIOA and TIOB are configured as inputs. In Waveform Mode, TIOA is
always configured to be an output and TIOB is an output if it is not selected to be the
external trigger.
151
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Trigger
A trigger resets the counter and starts the counter clock. Three types of triggers are
common to both modes, and a fourth external trigger is available to each mode.
The following triggers are common to both modes:
•
Software Trigger: Each channel has a software trigger, available by setting SWTRG
in TC_CCR.
•
SYNC: Each channel has a synchronization signal SYNC. When asserted, this
signal has the same effect as a software trigger. The SYNC signals of all channels
are asserted simultaneously by writing TC_BCR (Block Control) with SYNC set.
•
Compare RC Trigger: RC is implemented in each channel and can provide a trigger
when the counter value matches the RC value if CPCTRG is set in TC_CMR.
The Timer Counter channel can also be configured to have an external trigger. In Capture Mode, the external trigger signal can be selected between TIOA and TIOB. In
Waveform Mode, an external event can be programmed on one of the following signals:
TIOB, XC0, XC1 or XC2. This external event can then be programmed to perform a trigger by setting ENETRG in TC_CMR.
If an external trigger is used, the duration of the pulses must be longer than the system
clock (MCK) period in order to be detected.
152
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Capture Operating Mode
This mode is entered by clearing the WAVE parameter in TC_CMR (Channel Mode
Register). Capture Mode allows the TC Channel to perform measurements such as
pulse timing, frequency, period, duty cycle and phase on TIOA and TIOB signals which
are considered as input.
Figure 51 shows the configuration of the TC Channel when programmed in Capture
Mode.
Capture Registers A and B
(RA and RB)
Registers A and B are used as capture registers. This means that they can be loaded
with the counter value when a programmable event occurs on the signal TIOA.
The parameter LDRA in TC_CMR defines the TIOA edge for the loading of register A,
and the parameter LDRB defines the TIOA edge for the loading of Register B.
RA is loaded only if it has not been loaded since the last trigger or if RB has been loaded
since the last loading of RA.
RB is loaded only if RA has been loaded since the last trigger or the last loading of RB.
Loading RA or RB before the read of the last value loaded sets the Overrun Error Flag
(LOVRS) in TC_SR (Status Register). In this case, the old value is overwritten.
Trigger Conditions
In addition to the SYNC signal, the software trigger and the RC compare trigger, an
external trigger can be defined.
Bit ABETRG in TC_CMR selects input signal TIOA or TIOB as an external trigger.
Parameter ETRGEDG defines the edge (rising, falling or both) detected to generate an
external trigger. If ETRGEDG = 0 (none), the external trigger is disabled.
Status Register
The following bits in the status register are significant in Capture Operating Mode:
•
CPCS: RC Compare Status
There has been an RC Compare match at least once since the last read of the
status
•
COVFS: Counter Overflow Status
The counter has attempted to count past $FFFF since the last read of the status
•
LOVRS: Load Overrun Status
RA or RB has been loaded at least twice without any read of the corresponding register, since the last read of the status
•
LDRAS: Load RA Status
RA has been loaded at least once without any read, since the last read of the status
•
LDRBS: Load RB Status
RB has been loaded at least once without any read, since the last read of the status
•
ETRGS: External Trigger Status
An external trigger on TIOA or TIOB has been detected since the last read of the
status
153
1745C–ATARM–12/02
154
MTIOA
MTIOB
1
If RA is not loaded
or RB is loaded
Edge
Detector
ETRGEDG
SWTRG
Timer Counter Channel
ABETRG
BURST
CLKI
Edge
Detector
Capture
Register A
Edge
Detector
If RA is loaded
CPCTRG
OVF
R
LDBSTOP
LDRB
RESET
16-bit Counter
R
S
S
CLKEN
LDRA
Trig
CLK
Q
Q
CLKSTA
LDBDIS
Capture
Register B
CLKDIS
TC_SR
TIOA
TIOB
SYNC
XC2
XC1
XC0
MCK/1024
MCK/128
MCK/32
MCK/8
MCK/2
TCCLKS
Compare RC =
Register C
COVFS
INT
Figure 51. Capture Mode
CPCS
LOVRS
LDRBS
ETRGS
LDRAS
TC_IMR
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Waveform Operating
Mode
This mode is entered by setting the WAVE parameter in TC_CMR (Channel Mode
Register).
Waveform Operating Mode allows the TC Channel to generate 1 or 2 PWM signals with
the same frequency and independently programmable duty cycles, or to generate different types of one-shot or repetitive pulses.
In this mode, TIOA is configured as output and TIOB is defined as output if it is not used
as an external event (EEVT parameter in TC_CMR).
Figure 52 shows the configuration of the TC Channel when programmed in Waveform
Operating Mode.
Compare Register A, B and C
(RA, RB and RC)
In Waveform Operating Mode, RA, RB and RC are all used as compare registers.
RA Compare is used to control the TIOA output. RB Compare is used to control the
TIOB (if configured as output). RC Compare can be programmed to control TIOA and/or
TIOB outputs.
RC Compare can also stop the counter clock (CPCSTOP = 1 in TC_CMR) and/or disable the counter clock (CPCDIS = 1 in TC_CMR).
As in Capture Mode, RC Compare can also generate a trigger if CPCTRG = 1. Trigger
resets the counter so RC can control the period of PWM waveforms.
External Event/Trigger
Conditions
An external event can be programmed to be detected on one of the clock sources (XC0,
XC1, XC2) or TIOB. The external event selected can then be used as a trigger.
The parameter EEVT in TC_CMR selects the external trigger. The parameter EEVTEDG defines the trigger edge for each of the possible external triggers (rising, falling or
both). If EEVTEDG is cleared (none), no external event is defined.
If TIOB is defined as an external event signal (EEVT = 0), TIOB is no longer used as
output and the TC channel can only generate a waveform on TIOA.
When an external event is defined, it can be used as a trigger by setting bit ENETRG in
TC_CMR.
As in Capture Mode, the SYNC signal, the software trigger and the RC compare trigger
are also available as triggers.
Output Controller
The output controller defines the output level changes on TIOA and TIOB following an
event. TIOB control is used only if TIOB is defined as output (not as an external event).
The following events control TIOA and TIOB: software trigger, external event and RC
compare. RA compare controls TIOA and RB compare controls TIOB. Each of these
events can be programmed to set, clear or toggle the output as defined in the corresponding parameter in TC_CMR.
The tables below show which parameter in TC_CMR is used to define the effect of each
event.
Parameter
TIOA Event
ASWTRG
Software trigger
AEEVT
External event
ACPC
RC compare
ACPA
RA compare
155
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Parameter
TIOB Event
BSWTRG
Software trigger
BEEVT
External event
BCPC
RC compare
BCPB
RB compare
If two or more events occur at the same time, the priority level is defined as follows:
1. Software trigger
2. External event
3. RC compare
4. RA or RB compare
Status
The following bits in the status register are significant in Waveform Mode:
•
CPAS: RA Compare Status
There has been a RA Compare match at least once since the last read of the status
•
CPBS: RB Compare Status
There has been a RB Compare match at least once since the last read of the status
•
CPCS: RC Compare Status
There has been a RC Compare match at least once since the last read of the status
•
COVFS: Counter Overflow
Counter has attempted to count past $FFFF since the last read of the status
•
ETRGS: External Trigger
External trigger has been detected since the last read of the status
156
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
1745C–ATARM–12/02
1
EEVT
BURST
Timer Counter Channel
Edge
Detector
EEVTEDG
SWTRG
ENETRG
CLKI
Trig
CLK
R
S
OVF
CPCTRG
RESET
16-bit Counter
Q
Q
CLKSTA
Compare RA =
Register A
TC_SR
TIOB
SYNC
XC2
XC1
XC0
MCK/1024
MCK/128
MCK/32
MCK/8
MCK/2
Compare RC =
Compare RB =
CPCSTOP
CPCDIS
Register C
CLKDIS
Register B
R
S
CLKEN
CPAS
INT
BSWTRG
BEEVT
BCPB
BCPC
ASWTRG
AEEVT
ACPA
ACPC
Output Controller
Output Controller
TCCLKS
TIOB
MTIOB
TIOA
MTIOA
AT91M55800A
Figure 52. Waveform Mode
CPCS
CPBS
COVFS
ETRGS
TC_IMR
157
TC User Interface
TC Block 0 Base Address:
TC Block 1 Base Address:
0xFFFD0000 (Code Label TCB0_BASE)
0xFFFD4000 (Code Label TCB1_BASE)
Table 18. TC Global Memory Map
Offset
Channel/Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
TC Channel 0
See Table 19
0x40
TC Channel 1
See Table 19
0x80
TC Channel 2
See Table 19
0xC0
TC Block Control Register
TC_BCR
Write-only
–
0xC4
TC Block Mode Register
TC_BMR
Read/Write
0
TC_BCR (Block Control Register) and TC_BMR (Block Mode Register) control the TC block. TC Channels are controlled
by the registers listed in Table 19. The offset of each of the Channel registers in Table 19 is in relation to the offset of the
corresponding channel as mentioned in Table 18.
Table 19. TC Channel Memory Map
Offset
Note:
158
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
Channel Control Register
TC_CCR
Write-only
–
0x04
Channel Mode Register
TC_CMR
Read/Write
0
0x08
Reserved
–
0x0C
Reserved
–
0x10
Counter Value
TC_CV
Read/Write
0
0x14
Register A
TC_RA
Read/Write(1)
0
0x18
Register B
TC_RB
Read/Write(1)
0
0x1C
Register C
TC_RC
Read/Write
0
0x20
Status Register
TC_SR
Read-only
–
0x24
Interrupt Enable Register
TC_IER
Write-only
–
0x28
Interrupt Disable Register
TC_IDR
Write-only
–
0x2C
Interrupt Mask Register
TC_IMR
Read-only
0
1. Read-only if WAVE = 0
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
TC Block Control Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
•
TC_BCR
Write-only
0xC0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
SYNC
SYNC: Synchro Command (Code Label TC_SYNC)
0 = No effect.
1 = Asserts the SYNC signal which generates a software trigger simultaneously for each of the channels.
TC Block Mode Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
•
TC_BMR
Read/Write
0
0xC4
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
–
–
TC2XC2S
TC1XC1S
0
TC0XC0S
TC0XC0S: External Clock Signal 0 Selection
TC0XC0S
Signal Connected to XC0
Code Label: TC_TC0XC0S
0
0
TCLK0
TC_TCLK0XC0
0
1
None
TC_NONEXC0
1
0
TIOA1
TC_TIOA1XC0
1
1
TIOA2
TC_TIOA2XC0
159
1745C–ATARM–12/02
•
TC1XC1S: External Clock Signal 1 Selection
TC1XC1S
•
Signal Connected to XC1
Code Label: TC_TC1XC1S
0
0
TCLK1
TC_TCLK1XC1
0
1
None
TC_NONEXC1
1
0
TIOA0
TC_TIOA0XC1
1
1
TIOA2
TC_TIOA2XC1
TC2XC2S: External Clock Signal 2 Selection
TC2XC2S
Signal Connected to XC2
Code Label: TC_TC2XC2S
0
0
TCLK2
TC_TCLK2XC2
0
1
None
TC_NONEXC2
1
0
TIOA0
TC_TIOA0XC2
1
1
TIOA1
TC_TIOA1XC2
TC Channel Control Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
•
•
•
TC_CCR
Write-only
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
SWTRG
CLKDIS
CLKEN
CLKEN: Counter Clock Enable Command (Code Label TC_CLKEN)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the clock if CLKDIS is not 1.
CLKDIS: Counter Clock Disable Command (Code Label TC_CLKDIS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the clock.
SWTRG: Software Trigger Command (Code Label TC_SWTRG)
0 = No effect.
1 = A software trigger is performed: the counter is reset and clock is started.
160
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
TC Channel Mode Register: Capture Mode
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
•
TC_CMR
Read/Write
0
0x04
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
WAVE=0
CPCTRG
–
–
–
ABETRG
7
6
5
3
2
LDBDIS
LDBSTOP
•
•
CLKI
9
8
ETRGEDG
1
0
TCCLKS
Clock Selected
Code Label: TC_CLKS
0
0
0
MCK/2
TC_CLKS_MCK2
0
0
1
MCK/8
TC_CLKS_MCK8
0
1
0
MCK/32
TC_CLKS_MCK32
0
1
1
MCK/128
TC_CLKS_MCK128
1
0
0
MCK/1024
TC_CLKS_MCK1024
1
0
1
XC0
TC_CLKS_XC0
1
1
0
XC1
TC_CLKS_XC1
1
1
1
XC2
TC_CLKS_XC2
CLKI: Clock Invert (Code Label TC_CLKI)
0 = Counter is incremented on rising edge of the clock.
1 = Counter is incremented on falling edge of the clock.
BURST: Burst Signal Selection
BURST
•
LDRA
TCCLKS: Clock Selection
TCCLKS
•
4
BURST
16
LDRB
Selected BURST
Code Label: TC_BURST
0
0
The clock is not gated by an external signal.
TC_BURST_NONE
0
1
XC0 is ANDed with the selected clock.
TC_BURST_XC0
1
0
XC1 is ANDed with the selected clock.
TC_BURST_XC1
1
1
XC2 is ANDed with the selected clock.
TC_BURST_XC2
LDBSTOP: Counter Clock Stopped with RB Loading (Code Label TC_LDBSTOP)
0 = Counter clock is not stopped when RB loading occurs.
1 = Counter clock is stopped when RB loading occurs.
LDBDIS: Counter Clock Disable with RB Loading (Code Label TC_LDBDIS)
0 = Counter clock is not disabled when RB loading occurs.
1 = Counter clock is disabled when RB loading occurs.
161
1745C–ATARM–12/02
•
ETRGEDG: External Trigger Edge Selection
ETRGEDG
162
Edge
Code Label: TC_ETRGEDG
0
0
None
TC_ETRGEDG_EDGE_NONE
0
1
Rising edge
TC_ETRGEDG_RISING_EDGE
1
0
Falling edge
TC_ETRGEDG_FALLING_EDGE
1
1
Each edge
TC_ETRGEDG_BOTH_EDGE
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
•
•
•
•
ABETRG: TIOA or TIOB External Trigger Selection
ABETRG
Selected ABETRG
Code Label: TC_ABETRG
0
TIOB is used as an external trigger.
TC_ABETRG_TIOB
1
TIOA is used as an external trigger.
TC_ABETRG_TIOA
CPCTRG: RC Compare Trigger Enable (Code Label TC_CPCTRG)
0 = RC Compare has no effect on the counter and its clock.
1 = RC Compare resets the counter and starts the counter clock.
WAVE = 0 (Code Label TC_WAVE)
0 = Capture Mode is enabled.
1 = Capture Mode is disabled (Waveform Mode is enabled).
LDRA: RA Loading Selection
LDRA
•
Edge
Code Label: TC_LDRA
0
0
None
TC_LDRA_EDGE_NONE
0
1
Rising edge of TIOA
TC_LDRA_RISING_EDGE
1
0
Falling edge of TIOA
TC_LDRA_FALLING_EDGE
1
1
Each edge of TIOA
TC_LDRA_BOTH_EDGE
LDRB: RB Loading Selection
LDRB
Edge
Code Label: TC_LDRB
0
0
None
TC_LDRB_EDGE_NONE
0
1
Rising edge of TIOA
TC_LDRB_RISING_EDGE
1
0
Falling edge of TIOA
TC_LDRB_FALLING_EDGE
1
1
Each edge of TIOA
TC_LDRB_BOTH_EDGE
163
1745C–ATARM–12/02
TC Channel Mode Register: Waveform Mode
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
TC_CMR
Read/Write
0
0x4
31
30
29
BSWTRG
23
22
21
ASWTRG
•
•
•
26
25
24
BCPC
20
19
BCPB
18
17
16
ACPC
15
14
13
12
WAVE=1
CPCTRG
–
ENETRG
7
6
5
CPCDIS
CPCSTOP
4
BURST
11
ACPA
10
9
EEVT
3
8
EEVTEDG
2
CLKI
1
0
TCCLKS
TCCLKS: Clock Selection
Clock Selected
Code Label: TC_CLKS
0
0
0
MCK/2
TC_CLKS_MCK2
0
0
1
MCK/8
TC_CLKS_MCK8
0
1
0
MCK/32
TC_CLKS_MCK32
0
1
1
MCK/128
TC_CLKS_MCK128
1
0
0
MCK/1024
TC_CLKS_MCK1024
1
0
1
XC0
TC_CLKS_XC0
1
1
0
XC1
TC_CLKS_XC1
1
1
1
XC2
TC_CLKS_XC2
CLKI: Clock Invert (Code Label TC_CLKI)
0 = Counter is incremented on rising edge of the clock.
1 = Counter is incremented on falling edge of the clock.
BURST: Burst Signal Selection
BURST
•
27
AEEVT
TCCLKS
•
28
BEEVT
Selected BURST
Code Label: TC_BURST
0
0
The clock is not gated by an external signal.
TC_BURST_NONE
0
1
XC0 is ANDed with the selected clock.
TC_BURST_XC0
1
0
XC1 is ANDed with the selected clock.
TC_BURST_XC1
1
1
XC2 is ANDed with the selected clock.
TC_BURST_XC2
CPCSTOP: Counter Clock Stopped with RC Compare (Code Label TC_CPCSTOP)
0 = Counter clock is not stopped when counter reaches RC.
1 = Counter clock is stopped when counter reaches RC.
CPCDIS: Counter Clock Disable with RC Compare (Code Label TC_CPCDIS)
0 = Counter clock is not disabled when counter reaches RC.
1 = Counter clock is disabled when counter reaches RC.
164
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
•
EEVTEDG: External Event Edge Selection
EEVTEDG
•
0
None
TC_EEVTEDG_EDGE_NONE
0
1
Rising edge
TC_EEVTEDG_RISING_EDGE
1
0
Falling edge
TC_EEVTEDG_FALLING_EDGE
1
1
Each edge
TC_EEVTEDG_BOTH_EDGE
EEVT: External Event Selection
Signal Selected as
External Event
•
Code Label: TC_EEVT
TIOB
Input
TC_EEVT_TIOB
0
1
XC0
Output
TC_EEVT_XC0
1
0
XC1
Output
TC_EEVT_XC1
1
XC2
Output
TC_EEVT_XC2
If TIOB is chosen as the external event signal, it is configured as an input and no longer generates waveforms.
ENETRG: External Event Trigger Enable (Code Label TC_ENETRG)
0 = The external event has no effect on the counter and its clock. In this case, the selected external event only controls
the TIOA output.
1 = The external event resets the counter and starts the counter clock.
CPCTRG: RC Compare Trigger Enable (Code Label TC_CPCTRG)
0 = RC Compare has no effect on the counter and its clock.
1 = RC Compare resets the counter and starts the counter clock.
WAVE = 1 (Code Label TC_WAVE)
0 = Waveform Mode is disabled (Capture Mode is enabled).
1 = Waveform Mode is enabled.
ACPA: RA Compare Effect on TIOA
ACPA
•
(1)
0
1
•
TIOB Direction
0
Note:
•
Code Label: TC_EEVTEDG
0
EEVT
•
Edge
Effect
Code Label: TC_ACPA
0
0
None
TC_ACPA_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_ACPA_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_ACPA_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_ACPA_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
ACPC: RC Compare Effect on TIOA
ACPC
Effect
Code Label: TC_ACPC
0
0
None
TC_ACPC_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_ACPC_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_ACPC_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_ACPC_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
165
1745C–ATARM–12/02
•
AEEVT: External Event Effect on TIOA
AEEVT
•
0
None
TC_AEEVT_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_AEEVT_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_AEEVT_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_AEEVT_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
ASWTRG: Software Trigger Effect on TIOA
None
TC_ASWTRG_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_ASWTRG_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_ASWTRG_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_ASWTRG_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
BCPB: RB Compare Effect on TIOB
Effect
Code Label: TC_BCPB
0
0
None
TC_BCPB_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_BCPB_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_BCPB_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_BCPB_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
BCPC: RC Compare Effect on TIOB
Effect
Code Label: TC_BCPC
0
0
None
TC_BCPC_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_BCPC_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_BCPC_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_BCPC_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
BEEVT: External Event Effect on TIOB
BEEVT
•
Code Label: TC_ASWTRG
0
BCPC
•
Effect
0
BCPB
•
Code Label: TC_AEEVT
0
ASWTRG
•
Effect
Effect
Code Label: TC_BEEVT
0
0
None
TC_BEEVT_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_BEEVT_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_BEEVT_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_BEEVT_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
BSWTRG: Software Trigger Effect on TIOB
BSWTRG
166
Effect
Code Label: TC_BSWTRG
0
0
None
TC_BSWTRG_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_BSWTRG_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_BSWTRG_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_BSWTRG_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
TC Counter Value Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
TC_CVR
Read-only
0
0x10
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
CV
7
6
5
4
CV
•
CV: Counter Value (Code Label TC_CV)
CV contains the counter value in real-time.
TC Register A
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
TC_RA
Read-only if WAVE = 0, Read/Write if WAVE = 1
0
0x14
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RA
7
6
5
4
RA
•
RA: Register A (Code Label TC_RA)
RA contains the Register A value in real-time.
167
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TC Register B
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
TC_RB
Read-only if WAVE = 0, Read/Write if WAVE = 1
0
0x18
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RB
7
6
5
4
RB
•
RB: Register B (Code Label TC_RB)
RB contains the Register B value in real-time.
TC Register C
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
TC_RC
Read/Write
0
0x1C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RC
7
6
5
4
RC
•
RC: Register C (Code Label TC_RC)
RC contains the Register C value in real-time.
168
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AT91M55800A
TC Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
TC_SR
Read/Write
0x20
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
MTIOB
MTIOA
CLKSTA
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ETRGS
LDRBS
LDRAS
CPCS
CPBS
CPAS
LOVRS
COVFS
COVFS: Counter Overflow Status (Code Label TC_COVFS)
0 = No counter overflow has occurred since the last read of the Status Register.
1 = A counter overflow has occurred since the last read of the Status Register.
LOVRS: Load Overrun Status (Code Label TC_LOVRS)
0 = Load overrun has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register or WAVE = 1.
1 = RA or RB have been loaded at least twice without any read of the corresponding register since the last read of the
Status Register, if WAVE = 0.
CPAS: RA Compare Status (Code Label TC_CPAS)
0 = RA Compare has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register or WAVE = 0.
1 = RA Compare has occurred since the last read of the Status Register, if WAVE = 1.
CPBS: RB Compare Status (Code Label TC_CPBS)
0 = RB Compare has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register or WAVE = 0.
1 = RB Compare has occurred since the last read of the Status Register, if WAVE = 1.
CPCS: RC Compare Status (Code Label TC_CPCS)
0 = RC Compare has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register.
1 = RC Compare has occurred since the last read of the Status Register.
LDRAS: RA Loading Status (Code Label TC_LDRAS)
0 = RA Load has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register or WAVE = 1.
1 = RA Load has occurred since the last read of the Status Register, if WAVE = 0.
LDRBS: RB Loading Status (Code Label TC_LDRBS)
0 = RB Load has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register or WAVE = 1.
1 = RB Load has occurred since the last read of the Status Register, if WAVE = 0.
ETRGS: External Trigger Status (Code Label TC_ETRGS)
0 = External trigger has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register.
1 = External trigger has occurred since the last read of the Status Register.
CLKSTA: Clock Enabling Status (Code Label TC_CLKSTA)
0 = Clock is disabled.
1 = Clock is enabled.
MTIOA: TIOA Mirror (Code Label TC_MTIOA)
0 = TIOA is low. If WAVE = 0, this means that TIOA pin is low. If WAVE = 1, this means that TIOA is driven low.
1 = TIOA is high. If WAVE = 0, this means that TIOA pin is high. If WAVE = 1, this means that TIOA is driven high.
MTIOB: TIOB Mirror (Code Label TC_MTIOB)
0 = TIOB is low. If WAVE = 0, this means that TIOB pin is low. If WAVE = 1, this means that TIOB is driven low.
1 = TIOB is high. If WAVE = 0, this means that TIOB pin is high. If WAVE = 1, this means that TIOB is driven high.
169
1745C–ATARM–12/02
TC Interrupt Enable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
TC_IER
Write-only
0x24
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ETRGS
LDRBS
LDRAS
CPCS
CPBS
CPAS
LOVRS
COVFS
COVFS: Counter Overflow (Code Label TC_COVFS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Counter Overflow Interrupt.
LOVRS: Load Overrun (Code Label TC_LOVRS)
0 = No effect.
1: Enables the Load Overrun Interrupt.
CPAS: RA Compare (Code Label TC_CPAS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the RA Compare Interrupt.
CPBS: RB Compare (Code Label TC_CPBS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the RB Compare Interrupt.
CPCS: RC Compare (Code Label TC_CPCS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the RC Compare Interrupt.
LDRAS: RA Loading (Code Label TC_LDRAS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the RA Load Interrupt.
LDRBS: RB Loading (Code Label TC_LDRBS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the RB Load Interrupt.
ETRGS: External Trigger (Code Label TC_ETRGS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the External Trigger Interrupt.
170
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AT91M55800A
TC Interrupt Disable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
TC_IDR
Write-only
0x28
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ETRGS
LDRBS
LDRAS
CPCS
CPBS
CPAS
LOVRS
COVFS
COVFS: Counter Overflow (Code Label TC_COVFS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Counter Overflow Interrupt.
LOVRS: Load Overrun (Code Label TC_LOVRS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Load Overrun Interrupt (if WAVE = 0).
CPAS: RA Compare (Code Label TC_CPAS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the RA Compare Interrupt (if WAVE = 1).
CPBS: RB Compare (Code Label TC_CPBS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the RB Compare Interrupt (if WAVE = 1).
CPCS: RC Compare (Code Label TC_CPCS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the RC Compare Interrupt.
LDRAS: RA Loading (Code Label TC_LDRAS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the RA Load Interrupt (if WAVE = 0).
LDRBS: RB Loading (Code Label TC_LDRBS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the RB Load Interrupt (if WAVE = 0).
ETRGS: External Trigger (Code Label TC_ETRGS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the External Trigger Interrupt.
171
1745C–ATARM–12/02
TC Interrupt Mask Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
TC_IMR
Read-only
0
0x2C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ETRGS
LDRBS
LDRAS
CPCS
CPBS
CPAS
LOVRS
COVFS
COVFS: Counter Overflow (Code Label TC_COVFS)
0 = The Counter Overflow Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The Counter Overflow Interrupt is enabled.
LOVRS: Load Overrun (Code Label TC_LOVRS)
0 = The Load Overrun Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The Load Overrun Interrupt is enabled.
CPAS: RA Compare (Code Label TC_CPAS)
0 = The RA Compare Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The RA Compare Interrupt is enabled.
CPBS: RB Compare (Code Label TC_CPBS)
0 = The RB Compare Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The RB Compare Interrupt is enabled.
CPCS: RC Compare (Code Label TC_CPCS)
0 = The RC Compare Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The RC Compare Interrupt is enabled.
LDRAS: RA Loading (Code Label TC_LDRAS)
0 = The Load RA Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The Load RA Interrupt is enabled.
LDRBS: RB Loading (Code Label TC_LDRBS)
0 = The Load RB Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The Load RB Interrupt is enabled.
ETRGS: External Trigger (Code Label TC_ETRGS)
0 = The External Trigger Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The External Trigger Interrupt is enabled.
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AT91M55800A
SPI: Serial Peripheral
Interface
The AT91M55800A includes an SPI which provides communication with external
devices in master or slave mode.
The SPI has four external chip selects which can be connected to up to 15 devices. The
data length is programmable, from 8- to 16-bit.
As for the USART, a 2-channel PDC can be used to move data between memory and
the SPI without CPU intervention.
Pin Description
Seven pins are associated with the SPI Interface. When not needed for the SPI function,
each of these pins can be configured as a PIO.
Support for an external master is provided by the PIO Controller Multi-driver option. To
configure an SPI pin as open-drain to support external drivers, set the corresponding
bits in the PIO_MDSR register (see ).
An input filter can be enabled on the SPI input pins by setting the corresponding bits in
the PIO_IFSR.
The NPCS0/NSS pin can function as a peripheral chip select output or slave select
input. Refer to Table 20 for a description of the SPI pins.
Figure 53. SPI Block Diagram
MCK
Serial Peripheral Interface
MCK/32
MISO
APB
MISO
MOSI
MOSI
SPCK
SPCK
NPCS0/NSS
INT
Parallel IO
Controller
NPCS0/NSS
NPCS1
NPCS1
NPCS2
NPCS2
NPCS3
NPCS3
Advanced
Interrupt Controller
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Table 20. SPI Pins
Pin Name
Mnemonic
Mode
Function
Master In Slave Out
MISO
Master
Slave
Serial data input to SPI
Serial data output from SPI
Master Out Slave In
MOSI
Master
Slave
Serial data output from SPI
Serial data input to SPI
Serial Clock
SPCK
Master
Slave
Clock output from SPI
Clock input to SPI
Peripheral Chip Selects
NPCS[3:1]
Master
Select peripherals
Peripheral Chip Select/
Slave Select
NPCS0/
NSS
Master
Master
Slave
Output: Selects peripheral
Input: low causes mode fault
Input: chip select for SPI
Notes:
1. After a hardware reset, the SPI clock is disabled by default. The user must configure the Power Management Controller
before any access to the User Interface of the SPI.
2. After a hardware reset, the SPI pins are deselected by default (see “PIO: Parallel I/O Controller” on page 105). The user
must configure the PIO Controller to enable the corresponding pins for their SPI function. NPCS0/NSS must be configured
as open drain in the Parallel I/O Controller for multi-master operation.
Master Mode
In Master Mode, the SPI controls data transfers to and from the slave(s) connected to
the SPI bus. The SPI drives the chip select(s) to the slave(s) and the serial clock
(SPCK). After enabling the SPI, a data transfer begins when the ARM core writes to the
SP_TDR (Transmit Data Register).
Transmit and Receive buffers maintain the data flow at a constant rate with a reduced
requirement for high priority interrupt servicing. When new data is available in the
SP_TDR (Transmit Data Register) the SPI continues to transfer data. If the SP_RDR
(Receive Data Register) has not been read before new data is received, the Overrun
Error (OVRES) flag is set.
The delay between the activation of the chip select and the start of the data transfer
(DLYBS) as well as the delay between each data transfer (DLYBCT) can be programmed for each of the four external chip selects. All data transfer characteristics
including the two timing values are programmed in registers SP_CSR0 to SP_CSR3
(Chip Select Registers). See Table 21.
In master mode the peripheral selection can be defined in two different ways:
•
Fixed Peripheral Select: SPI exchanges data with only one peripheral
•
Variable Peripheral Select: Data can be exchanged with more than one peripheral
Figures 54 and 55 show the operation of the SPI in Master Mode. For details concerning
the flag and control bits in these diagrams, see the tables in the Programmer’s Model,
starting on page 181.
Fixed Peripheral Select
This mode is ideal for transferring memory blocks without the extra overhead in the
transmit data register to determine the peripheral.
Fixed Peripheral Select is activated by setting bit PS to zero in SP_MR (Mode Register).
The peripheral is defined by the PCS field, also in SP_MR.
This option is only available when the SPI is programmed in master mode.
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AT91M55800A
Variable Peripheral Select
Variable Peripheral Select is activated by setting bit PS to one. The PCS field in
SP_TDR (Transmit Data Register) is used to select the destination peripheral. The data
transfer characteristics are changed when the selected peripheral changes, according
to the associated chip select register.
The PCS field in the SP_MR has no effect.
This option is only available when the SPI is programmed in master mode.
Chip Selects
The Chip Select lines are driven by the SPI only if it is programmed in Master Mode.
These lines are used to select the destination peripheral. The PCSDEC field in SP_MR
(Mode Register) selects 1 to 4 peripherals (PCSDEC = 0) or up to 15 peripherals (PCSDEC = 1).
If Variable Peripheral Select is active, the chip select signals are defined for each transfer in the PCS field in SP_TDR. Chip select signals can thus be defined independently
for each transfer.
If Fixed Peripheral Select is active, Chip Select signals are defined for all transfers by
the field PCS in SP_MR. If a transfer with a new peripheral is necessary, the software
must wait until the current transfer is completed, then change the value of PCS in
SP_MR before writing new data in SP_TDR.
The value on the NPCS pins at the end of each transfer can be read in the SP_RDR
(Receive Data Register).
By default, all NPCS signals are high (equal to one) before and after each transfer.
Mode Fault Detection
A mode fault is detected when the SPI is programmed in Master Mode and a low level is
driven by an external master on the NPCS0/NSS signal.
When a mode fault is detected, the MODF bit in the SP_SR is set until the SP_SR is
read and the SPI is disabled until re-enabled by bit SPIEN in the SP_CR (Control
Register).
175
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Figure 54. Functional Flow Diagram in Master Mode
SPI Enable
1
TDRE
0
0
Fixed Peripheral
PS
1
Variable Peripheral
NPCS = SP_TDR(PCS)
NPCS = SP_MR(PCS)
Delay DLYBS
Serializer = SP_TDR(TD)
TDRE = 1
Data Transfer
SP_RDR(RD) = Serializer
RDRF = 1
Delay DLYBCT
TDRE
1
0
0 Fixed Peripheral
PS
NPCS = 0xF
1
Variable Peripheral
Delay DLYBCS
SP_TDR(PCS)
Same Peripheral
New Peripheral
NPCS = 0xF
Delay DLYBCS
NPCS = SP_TDR(PCS)
176
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Figure 55. SPI in Master Mode
SP_MR(MCK32)
MCK
0
1
SPI
Master
Clock
SPIDIS
SPIEN
MCK/32
SPCK Clock Generator
SP_CSRx[15:0]
SPCK
S
Q
R
SP_RDR
PCS
RD
MSB
LSB
Serializer
MISO
SP_TDR
PCS
MOSI
TD
NPCS3
NPCS2
NPCS1
SP_MR(PS)
NPCS0
1
SP_MR(PCS)
0
SP_MR(MSTR)
SP_SR M
O
D
F
T
D
R
E
R
D
R
F
O
V
R
E
S
P
I
E
N
S
SP_IER
SP_IDR
SP_IMR
SPIRQ
177
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Slave Mode
In Slave Mode, the SPI waits for NSS to go active low before receiving the serial clock
from an external master.
In slave mode CPOL, NCPHA and BITS fields of SP_CSR0 are used to define the
transfer characteristics. The other Chip Select Registers are not used in slave mode.
Figure 56. SPI in Slave Mode
SCK
NSS
SPIDIS
SPIEN
S
Q
R
SP_RDR
RD
LSB
MOSI
MSB
Serializer
MISO
SP_TDR
TD
SP_SR
S
P
I
E
N
S
T
D
R
E
R
D
R
F
O
V
R
E
SP_IER
SP_IDR
SP_IMR
SPIRQ
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AT91M55800A
Data Transfer
The following waveforms show examples of data transfers.
Figure 57. SPI Transfer Format (NCPHA equals One, 8 bits per transfer)
1
SPCK cycle (for reference)
2
3
5
4
6
8
7
SPCK
(CPOL=0)
SPCK
(CPOL=1)
MOSI
(from master)
MSB
MISO
(from slave)
MSB
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
X
NSS (to slave)
Figure 58. SPI Transfer Format (NCPHA equals Zero, 8 bits per transfer)
1
SPCK cycle (for reference)
2
3
5
4
6
8
7
SPCK
(CPOL=0)
SPCK
(CPOL=1)
MOSI
(from master)
MISO
(from slave)
X
MSB
6
5
4
3
2
1
MSB
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
LSB
NSS (to slave)
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1745C–ATARM–12/02
Figure 59. Programmable Delays (DLYBCS, DLYBS and DLYBCT)
Chip Select 1
Change peripheral
Chip Select 2
No change
of peripheral
SPCK Output
DLYBCS
Clock Generation
DLYBS
DLYBCT
DLYBCT
In master mode the SPI Master Clock is either MCK or MCK/32, as defined by the
MCK32 field of SP_MR. The SPI baud rate clock is generated by dividing the SPI Master Clock by a value between 4 and 510. The divisor is defined in the SCBR field in each
Chip Select Register. The transfer speed can thus be defined independently for each
chip select signal.
CPOL and NCPHA in the Chip Select Registers define the clock/data relationship
between master and slave devices. CPOL defines the inactive value of the SPCK.
NCPHA defines which edge causes data to change and which edge causes data to be
captured.
In Slave Mode, the input clock low and high pulse duration must strictly be longer than
two system clock (MCK) periods.
Peripheral Data
Controller
The SPI is closely connected to two Peripheral Data Controller channels. One is dedicated to the receiver. The other is dedicated to the transmitter.
The PDC channel is programmed using SP_TPR (Transmit Pointer) and SP_TCR
(Transmit Counter) for the transmitter and SP_RPR (Receive Pointer) and SP_RCR
(Receive Counter) for the receiver. The status of the PDC is given in SP_SR by the
SPENDTX bit for the transmitter and by the SPENDRX bit for the receiver.
The pointer registers (SP_TPR and SP_RPR) are used to store the address of the
transmit or receive buffers. The counter registers (SP_TCR and SP_RCR) are used to
store the size of these buffers.
The receiver data transfer is triggered by the RDRF bit and the transmitter data transfer
is triggered by TDRE. When a transfer is performed, the counter is decremented and the
pointer is incremented. When the counter reaches 0, the status bit is set (SPENDRX for
the receiver, SPENDTX for the transmitter in SP_SR) and can be programmed to generate an interrupt. While the counter is at zero, the status bit is asserted and transfers are
disabled.
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SPI Programmer’s Model
SPI Base Address: 0xFFFBC000 (Code Label SPI_BASE)
Table 21. SPI Memory Map
Offset
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
Control Register
SP_CR
Write-only
–
0x04
Mode Register
SP_MR
Read/Write
0
0x08
Receive Data Register
SP_RDR
Read-only
0
0x0C
Transmit Data Register
SP_TDR
Write-only
–
0x10
Status Register
SP_SR
Read-only
0
0x14
Interrupt Enable Register
SP_IER
Write-only
–
0x18
Interrupt Disable Register
SP_IDR
Write-only
–
0x1C
Interrupt Mask Register
SP_IMR
Read-only
0
0x20
Receive Pointer Register
SP_RPR
Read/Write
0
0x24
Receive Counter Register
SP_RCR
Read/Write
0
0x28
Transmit Pointer Register
SP_TPR
Read/Write
0
0x2C
Transmit Counter Register
SP_TCR
Read/Write
0
0x30
Chip Select Register 0
SP_CSR0
Read/Write
0
0x34
Chip Select Register 1
SP_CSR1
Read/Write
0
0x38
Chip Select Register 2
SP_CSR2
Read/Write
0
0x3C
Chip Select Register 3
SP_CSR3
Read/Write
0
181
1745C–ATARM–12/02
SPI Control Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
•
•
•
SP_CR
Write-only
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SWRST
–
–
–
–
–
SPIDIS
SPIEN
SPIEN: SPI Enable (Code Label SP_SPIEN)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the SPI to transfer and receive data.
SPIDIS: SPI Disable (Code Label SP_SPIDIS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the SPI.
All pins are set in input mode and no data is received or transmitted.
If a transfer is in progress, the transfer is finished before the SPI is disabled.
If both SPIEN and SPIDIS are equal to one when the control register is written, the SPI is disabled.
SWRST: SPI Software reset (Code Label SP_SWRST)
0 = No effect.
1 = Resets the SPI.
A software triggered hardware reset of the SPI interface is performed.
SPI Mode Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
31
SP_MR
Read/Write
0
0x04
30
29
28
27
26
19
18
25
24
17
16
DLYBCS
•
23
22
21
20
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
LLB
–
–
–
MCK32
PCSDEC
PS
MSTR
PCS
MSTR: Master/Slave Mode (Code Label SP_MSTR)
0 = SPI is in Slave mode.
1 = SPI is in Master mode.
MSTR configures the SPI Interface for either master or slave mode operation.
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AT91M55800A
•
•
PS: Peripheral Select
PS
Selected PS
Code Label: SP_PS
0
Fixed Peripheral Select
SP_PS_FIXED
1
Variable Peripheral Select
SP_PS_VARIABLE
PCSDEC: Chip Select Decode (Code Label SP_PCSDEC)
0 = The chip selects are directly connected to a peripheral device.
1 = The four chip select lines are connected to a 4- to 16-bit decoder.
When PCSDEC equals one, up to 16 Chip Select signals can be generated with the four lines using an external 4- to 16bit decoder.
The Chip Select Registers define the characteristics of the 16 chip selects according to the following rules:
SP_CSR0
defines peripheral chip select signals 0 to 3.
SP_CSR1
defines peripheral chip select signals 4 to 7.
SP_CSR2
defines peripheral chip select signals 8 to 11.
SP_CSR3
defines peripheral chip select signals 12 to 15(1).
Note:
•
•
•
•
1. The 16th state corresponds to a state in which all chip selects are inactive. This allows a different clock configuration to be
defined by each chip select register.
MCK32: Clock Selection (Code Label SP_DIV32)
0 = SPI Master Clock equals MCK.
1 = SPI Master Clock equals MCK/32.
LLB: Local Loopback Enable (Code Label SP_LLB)
0 = Local loopback path disabled.
1 = Local loopback path enabled.
LLB controls the local loopback on the data serializer for testing in master mode only.
PCS: Peripheral Chip Select (Code Label SP_PCS)
This field is only used if Fixed Peripheral Select is active (PS=0).
If PCSDEC=0:
PCS = xxx0
NPCS[3:0] = 1110 (Code Label SP_PCS0)
PCS = xx01
NPCS[3:0] = 1101 (Code Label SP_PCS1)
PCS = x011
NPCS[3:0] = 1011 (Code Label SP_PCS2)
PCS = 0111
NPCS[3:0] = 0111 (Code Label SP_PCS3)
PCS = 1111
forbidden (no peripheral is selected)
(x = don’t care)
If PCSDEC=1:
NPCS[3:0] output signals = PCS.
DLYBCS: Delay Between Chip Selects (Code Label SP_DLYBCS)
This field defines the delay from NPCS inactive to the activation of another NPCS. The DLYBCS time guarantees nonoverlapping chip selects and solves bus contentions in case of peripherals having long data float times.
If DLYBCS is less than or equal to six, six SPI Master Clock periods will be inserted by default.
Otherwise, the following equation determines the delay:
Delay_ Between_Chip_Selects = DLYBCS * SPI_Master_Clock_period
183
1745C–ATARM–12/02
SPI Receive Data Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
SP_RDR
Read-only
0
0x08
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
PCS
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RD
7
6
5
4
RD
•
•
RD: Receive Data (Code Label SP_RD)
Data received by the SPI Interface is stored in this register right-justified. Unused bits read zero.
PCS: Peripheral Chip Select Status
In Master Mode only, these bits indicate the value on the NPCS pins at the end of a transfer. Otherwise, these bits read
zero.
184
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
SPI Transmit Data Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
SP_TDR
Write-only
0x0C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
PCS
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
TD
7
6
5
4
TD
•
•
TD: Transmit Data (Code Label SP_TD)
Data which is to be transmitted by the SPI Interface is stored in this register. Information to be transmitted must be written to the transmit data register in a right-justified format.
PCS: Peripheral Chip Select
This field is only used if Variable Peripheral Select is active (PS = 1) and if the SPI is in Master Mode.
If PCSDEC = 0:
PCS = xxx0
NPCS[3:0] = 1110
PCS = xx01
NPCS[3:0] = 1101
PCS = x011
NPCS[3:0] = 1011
PCS = 0111
NPCS[3:0] = 0111
PCS = 1111
forbidden (no peripheral is selected)
(x = don’t care)
If PCSDEC = 1:
NPCS[3:0] output signals = PCS.
185
1745C–ATARM–12/02
SPI Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
SP_SR
Read-only
0
0x10
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
SPIENS
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
SPENDTX
SPENDRX
OVRES
MODF
TDRE
RDRF
RDRF: Receive Data Register Full (Code Label SP_RDRF)
0 = No data has been received since the last read of SP_RDR.
1 = Data has been received and the received data has been transferred from the serializer to SP_RDR since the last
read of SP_RDR.
TDRE: Transmit Data Register Empty (Code Label SP_TDRE)
0 = Data has been written to SP_TDR and not yet transferred to the serializer.
1 = The last data written in the Transmit Data Register has been transferred in the serializer.
TDRE equals zero when the SPI is disabled or at reset. The SPI enable command sets this bit to one.
MODF: Mode Fault Error (Code Label SP_MODF)
0 = No Mode Fault has been detected since the last read of SP_SR.
1 = A Mode Fault occurred since the last read of the SP_SR.
OVRES: Overrun Error Status (Code Label SP_OVRES)
0 = No overrun has been detected since the last read of SP_SR.
1 = An overrun has occurred since the last read of SP_SR.
An overrun occurs when SP_RDR is loaded at least twice from the serializer since the last read of the SP_RDR.
SPENDRX: End of Receiver Transfer (Code Label SP_ENDRX)
0 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the receiver is inactive.
1 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the receiver is active.
SPENDTX: End of Transmitter Transfer (Code Label SP_ENDTX)
0 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the transmitter is inactive.
1 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the transmitter is active.
SPIENS: SPI Enable Status (Code Label SP_SPIENS)
0 = SPI is disabled.
1 = SPI is enabled.
186
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
SPI Interrupt Enable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
•
•
•
•
•
•
SP_IER
Write-only
0x14
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
SPENDTX
SPENDRX
OVRES
MODF
TDRE
RDRF
RDRF: Receive Data Register Full Interrupt Enable (Code Label SP_RDRF)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Receiver Data Register Full Interrupt.
TDRE: SPI Transmit Data Register Empty Interrupt Enable (Code Label SP_TDRE)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Transmit Data Register Empty Interrupt.
MODF: Mode Fault Error Interrupt Enable (Code Label SP_MODF)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Mode Fault Interrupt.
OVRES: Overrun Error Interrupt Enable (Code Label SP_OVRES)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Overrun Error Interrupt.
SPENDRX: End of Receiver Transfer Interrupt Enable (Code Label SP_ENDRX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the End of Receiver Transfer Interrupt.
SPENDTX: End of Transmitter Transfer Interrupt Enable (Code Label SP_ENDTX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the End of Transmitter Transfer Interrupt.
187
1745C–ATARM–12/02
SPI Interrupt Disable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
•
•
•
•
•
•
SP_IDR
Write-only
0x18
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
SPENDTX
SPENDRX
OVRES
MODF
TDRE
RDRF
RDRF: Receive Data Register Full Interrupt Disable (Code Label SP_RDRF)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Receiver Data Register Full Interrupt.
TDRE: Transmit Data Register Empty Interrupt Disable (Code Label SP_TDRE)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Transmit Data Register Empty Interrupt.
MODF: Mode Fault Interrupt Disable (Code Label SP_MODF)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Mode Fault Interrupt.
OVRES: Overrun Error Interrupt Disable (Code Label SP_OVRES)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Overrun Error Interrupt.
SPENDRX: End of Receiver Transfer Interrupt Disable (Code Label SP_ENDRX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the End of Receiver Transfer Interrupt.
SPENDTX: End of Transmitter Transfer Interrupt Disable (Code Label SP_ENDTX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the End of Transmitter Transfer Interrupt.
188
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
SPI Interrupt Mask Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
•
•
•
•
•
•
SP_IMR
Read-only
0
0x1C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
SPENDTX
SPENDRX
OVRES
MODF
TDRE
RDRF
RDRF: Receive Data Register Full Interrupt Mask (Code Label SP_RDRF)
0 = Receive Data Register Full Interrupt is disabled.
1 = Receive Data Register Full Interrupt is enabled.
TDRE: Transmit Data Register Empty Interrupt Mask (Code Label SP_TDRE)
0 = Transmit Data Register Empty Interrupt is disabled.
1 = Transmit Data Register Empty Interrupt is enabled.
MODF: Mode Fault Interrupt Mask (Code Label SP_MODF)
0 = Mode Fault Interrupt is disabled.
1 = Mode Fault Interrupt is enabled.
OVRES: Overrun Error Interrupt Mask (Code Label SP_OVRES)
0 = Overrun Error Interrupt is disabled.
1 = Overrun Error Interrupt is enabled.
SPENDRX: End of Receiver Transfer Interrupt Mask (Code Label SP_ENDRX)
0 = End of Receiver Transfer Interrupt is disabled.
1 = End of Receiver Transfer Interrupt is enabled.
SPENDTX: End of Transmitter Transfer Interrupt Mask (Code Label SP_ENDTX)
0 = End of Transmitter Transfer Interrupt is disabled.
1 = End of Transmitter Transfer Interrupt is enabled.
189
1745C–ATARM–12/02
SPI Receive Pointer Register
Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
31
SP_RPR
Read/Write
0
0x20
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RXPTR
23
22
21
20
RXPTR
15
14
13
12
RXPTR
7
6
5
4
RXPTR
•
RXPTR: Receive Pointer
RXPTR must be loaded with the address of the receive buffer.
SPI Receive Counter Register
Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
SP_RCR
Read/Write
0
0x24
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RXCTR
7
6
5
4
RXCTR
•
RXCTR: Receive Counter
RXCTR must be loaded with the size of the receive buffer.
0: Stop Peripheral Data Transfer dedicated to the receiver.
1 - 65535: Start Peripheral Data transfer if RDRF is active.
190
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
SPI Transmit Pointer Register
Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
31
SP_TPR
Read/Write
0
0x28
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
TXPTR
23
22
21
20
TXPTR
15
14
13
12
TXPTR
7
6
5
4
TXPTR
•
TXPTR: Transmit Pointer
TXPTR must be loaded with the address of the transmit buffer.
SPI Transmit Counter
Register
Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
SP_TCR
Read/Write
0
0x2C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
TXCTR
7
6
5
4
TXCTR
•
TXCTR: Transmit Counter
TXCTR must be loaded with the size of the transmit buffer.
0: Stop Peripheral Data Transfer dedicated to the transmitter.
1 - 65535: Start Peripheral Data transfer if TDRE is active.
191
1745C–ATARM–12/02
SPI Chip Select Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
31
SP_CSR0.. SP_CSR3
Read/Write
0
0x30......0x3C
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
DLYBCT
23
22
21
20
DLYBS
15
14
13
12
SCBR
7
6
5
4
BITS
•
•
•
3
2
1
0
–
–
NCPHA
CPOL
CPOL: Clock Polarity (Code Label SP_CPOL)
0 = The inactive state value of SPCK is logic level zero.
1 = The inactive state value of SPCK is logic level one.
CPOL is used to determine the inactive state value of the serial clock (SPCK). It is used with NCPHA to produce a
desired clock/data relationship between master and slave devices.
NCPHA: Clock Phase (Code Label SP_NCPHA)
0 = Data is changed on the leading edge of SPCK and captured on the following edge of SPCK.
1 = Data is captured on the leading edge of SPCK and changed on the following edge of SPCK.
NCPHA determines which edge of SPCK causes data to change and which edge causes data to be captured. NCPHA
is used with CPOL to produce a desired clock/data relationship between master and slave devices.
BITS: Bits Per Transfer
The BITS field determines the number of data bits transferred. Reserved values should not be used.
192
BITS[3:0]
Bits Per Transfer
Code Label: SP_BITS
0000
8
SP_BITS_8
0001
9
SP_BITS_9
0010
10
SP_BITS_10
0011
11
SP_BITS_11
0100
12
SP_BITS_12
0101
13
SP_BITS_13
0110
14
SP_BITS_14
0111
15
SP_BITS_15
1000
16
SP_BITS_16
1001
Reserved
–
1010
Reserved
–
1011
Reserved
–
1100
Reserved
–
1101
Reserved
–
1110
Reserved
–
1111
Reserved
–
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
•
SCBR: Serial Clock Baud Rate (Code Label SP_SCBR)
In Master Mode, the SPI Interface uses a modulus counter to derive the SPCK baud rate from the SPI Master Clock
(selected between MCK and MCK/32). The Baud rate is selected by writing a value from 2 to 255 in the field SCBR. The
following equation determines the SPCK baud rate:
SPCK_Baud_Rate =
•
•
SPI_Master_Clock_frequency
2 x SCBR
Giving SCBR a value of zero or one disables the baud rate generator. SPCK is disabled and assumes its inactive state
value. No serial transfers may occur. At reset, baud rate is disabled.
DLYBS: Delay Before SPCK (Code Label SP_DLYBS)
This field defines the delay from NPCS valid to the first valid SPCK transition.
When DLYBS equals zero, the NPCS valid to SPCK transition is 1/2 the SPCK clock period.
Otherwise, the following equation determines the delay:
NPCS_to_SPCK_Delay = DLYBS * SPI_Master_Clock_period
DLYBCT: Delay Between Consecutive Transfers (Code Label SP_DLYBCT)
This field defines the delay between two consecutive transfers with the same peripheral without removing the chip
select. The delay is always inserted after each transfer and before removing the chip select if needed.
When DLYBCT equals zero, a delay of four SPI Master Clock periods are inserted.
Otherwise, the following equation determines the delay:
Delay_After_Transfer = 32 * DLYBCT * SPI_Master_Clock_period
193
1745C–ATARM–12/02
ADC: Analog-todigital Converter
The AT91M55800A features two identical 4-channel 10-bit Analog-to-digital converters
(ADC) based on a Successive Approximation Register (SAR) approach.
Each ADC has 4 analog input pins (AD0 to AD3 and AD4 to AD7), digital trigger input
pins (AD0TRIG and AD1TRIG), and provides an interrupt signal to the AIC. Both ADCs
share the analog power supply pins (VDDA and GNDA) and the input reference voltage
pin (ADVREF).
Figure 60. Block Diagram
ADIRQ0
AD0TRIG
AD0
AD1
ADC 0
Analog-to-digital Converter
AD2
AD3
VDDA
APB
Advanced
Peripheral
Bus
ADVREF
GNDA
AD4
AD5
AD6
ADC 1
Analog-to-digital Converter
AD7
ADIRQ1
AD1TRIG
Table 22. ADC Pin Description
Pin Name
Description
VDDA
Analog power supply
GNDA
Analog ground
ADVREF
Reference voltage
AD0 - AD7
Analog input channels
AD0TRIG, AD1TRIG
External triggers
194
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Analog-to-digital
Conversion
The ADC has an internal sample-and-hold circuit that holds the sampled analog value
during a complete conversion.
The reference voltage pin ADVREF allows the analog input conversion range to be set
between 0 and ADVREF. Analog inputs between these voltages convert to values
based on a linear conversion.
The ADC uses the ADC Clock to perform the conversion. To convert a single analog
value to a 10-bit digital data requires 11 ADC clock cycles. The ADC Clock frequency is
selected in the PRESCAL field of the Mode Register (ADC_MR).
Conversion Results
When a conversion is complete, the resulting 10-bit digital value is stored in the Convert
Data Register (ADC_CDR) of the selected channel, and the corresponding EOC flag in
the Status Register (ADC_SR) is set. This bit can provide an interrupt signal and is automatically cleared when the corresponding Convert Data Register (ADC_CDR) is read.
If the ADC_CDR is not read before further incoming data is converted, the corresponding Overrun Error (OVRE) flag is set in the Status Register (ADC_SR).
The ADC offers an 8-bit or 10-bit operating mode. By default after a reset, the ADC
operates in 10-bit mode. If the bit RES in ADC_MR is set, the 8-bit mode is selected.
When operating in 10-bit mode, the field DATA in ADC_CDR is fully significant.
When operating in 8-bit mode, only the 8 lowest bits of DATA are significant and the 2
highest bits read 0.
Conversion Triggers
Conversions of the active analog channels are started with a software or a hardware
trigger. The software trigger is provided by writing the bit START in the Control Register
(ADC_CR).
The hardware trigger can be one of the TIOA outputs of the Timer Counter channels, or
the external trigger input of the ADC (AD0TRIG for the ADC0 or AD1TRIG for ADC1).
The hardware trigger is selected with the field TRGSEL in the Mode Register
(ADC_MR). The selected hardware trigger is enabled with the bit TRGEN in the Mode
Register (ADC_MR).
If a hardware trigger is selected, the start of a conversion is detected at each rising edge
of the selected signal. If one of the TIOA outputs is selected, the corresponding Timer
Counter channel must be programmed in Waveform Mode.
Only one start command is necessary to initiate a conversion sequence on all the channels. The ADC hardware logic automatically performs the conversions on the active
channels, then waits for a new request. The Channel Enable (ADC_CHER) and Channel Disable (ADC_CHDR) Registers enable the analog channels to be enabled or
disabled independently.
Sleep Mode
The AT91 ADC Sleep Mode maximizes power saving by deactivating the ADC when it is
not being used for conversions. Sleep Mode is selected by setting the bit SLEEP in the
Mode Register ADC_MR.
When a start conversion request occurs, the ADC is automatically activated. As the analog cell requires a start-up time, the logic waits during this time and starts the conversion
sequence on the enabled channel. When all conversions are complete, the ADC is
deactivated until the next trigger.
This permits an automatic conversion sequence with minimum CPU intervention and
optimized power consumption.
195
1745C–ATARM–12/02
ADC User Interface
Base Address ADC 0:0xFFFB0000 (Code Label ADC0_BASE)
Base Address ADC 1:0xFFFB4000 (Code Label ADC1_BASE)
Table 23. ADC Memory Map
Offset
196
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
Control Register
ADC_CR
Write-only
–
0x04
Mode Register
ADC_MR
Read/Write
0
0x08
Reserved
–
–
–
0x0C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x10
Channel Enable Register
ADC_CHER
Write-only
–
0x14
Channel Disable Register
ADC_CHDR
Write-only
–
0x18
Channel Status Register
ADC_CHSR
Read-only
0
0x1C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x20
Status Register
ADC_SR
Read-only
0
0x24
Interrupt Enable Register
ADC_IER
Write-only
–
0x28
Interrupt Disable Register
ADC_IDR
Write-only
–
0x2C
Interrupt Mask Register
ADC_IMR
Read-only
0
0x30
Convert Data Register 0
ADC_CDR0
Read-only
0
0x34
Convert Data Register 1
ADC_CDR1
Read-only
0
0x38
Convert Data Register 2
ADC_CDR2
Read-only
0
0x3C
Convert Data Register 3
ADC_CDR3
Read-only
0
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
ADC Control Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
•
•
ADC_CR
Write-only
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
START
SWRST
SWRST: Software Reset (Code Label ADC_SWRST)
0 = No effect.
1 = Resets the ADC simulating a hardware reset.
START: Start Conversion (Code Label ADC_START)
0 = No effect.
1 = Begins analog-to-digital conversion and clears all EOC bits.
197
1745C–ATARM–12/02
ADC Mode Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
•
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
2
1
PRESCAL
7
6
5
4
–
–
SLEEP
RES
0
TRGSEL
Selected TRGEN
TRGEN
Code Label
0
Hardware triggers are disabled. Starting a conversion is only possible by
software.
1
Hardware trigger selected by TRGSEL field is enabled.
ADC_TRGEN_DIS
ADC_TRGEN_EN
TRGSEL: Trigger Selection
This field selects the hardware trigger.
TTRGSEL
•
3
TRGEN: Trigger Enable .
TRGEN
•
ADC_MR
Read/Write
0
0x04
Selected TRGSEL
Code Label: ADC_B_TTRGSEL
0
0
0
TIOA0
ADC_TRG_TIOA0
0
0
1
TIOA1
ADC_TRG_TIOA1
0
1
0
TIOA2
ADC_TRG_TIOA2
0
1
1
TIOA3
ADC_TRG_TIOA3
1
0
0
TIOA4
ADC_TRG_TIOA4
1
0
1
TIOA5
ADC_TRG_TIOA5
1
1
0
External trigger
1
1
1
Reserved
ADC_TRG_EXT
–
RES: Resolution.
RES
198
Selected RES
Code Label
0
10-bit resolution
ADC_10_BIT_RES
1
8-bit resolution
ADC_8_BIT_RES
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
•
SLEEP: Sleep Mode
SLEEP
•
Selected SLEEP
Code Label
0
Normal Mode
ADC_NORMAL_MODE
1
Sleep Mode
ADC_SLEEP_MODE
PRESCAL: Prescaler Rate Selection (ADC_PRESCAL)
This field defines the conversion clock in function of the Master Clock (MCK):
ADCClock = MCK ⁄ ((PRESCAL +1) × 2 )
The ADC clock range is between MCK/2 (PRESCAL = 0) and MCK /128 (PRESCAL = 63). PRESCAL must be programmed in order to provide an ADC clock frequency according to the parameters given in the AT91M55800A Electrical
Datasheet, literature number 1727.
199
1745C–ATARM–12/02
ADC Channel Enable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
•
ADC_CHER
Write-only
0x10
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
CH3
CH2
CH1
CH0
CH: Channel Enable (Code Label ADC_CHx)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the corresponding channel.
ADC Channel Disable
Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
•
ADC_CHDR
Write-only
0x14
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
CH3
CH2
CH1
CH0
CH: Channel Disable (Code Label ADC_CHx)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the corresponding channel.
200
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
ADC Channel Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
•
ADC_CHSR
Read-only
0
0x18
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
CH3
CH2
CH1
CH0
CH: Channel Status (Code Label ADC_CHx)
0 = Corresponding channel is disabled.
1 = Corresponding channel is enabled.
ADC Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
•
•
ADC_SR
Read-only
0
0x20
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
OVRE3
OVRE2
OVRE1
OVRE0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
EOC3
EOC2
EOC1
EOC0
EOC: End of Conversion (Code Label ADC_EOCx)
0 = Corresponding analog channel is disabled, or the conversion is not finished.
1 = Corresponding analog channel is enabled and conversion is complete.
OVRE: Enable Overrun Error Interrupt (Code Label ADC_OVREx)
0 = No overrun on the corresponding channel since the last read of ADC_SR.
1 = There has been an overrun on the corresponding channel since the last read of ADC_SR.
201
1745C–ATARM–12/02
ADC Interrupt Enable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
•
•
ADC_IER
Write-only
0x24
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
OVRE3
OVRE2
OVRE1
OVRE0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
EOC3
EOC2
EOC1
EOC0
EOC: End of Conversion Interrupt Enable (Code Label ADC_EOCx)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the End of Conversion Interrupt.
OVRE: Overrun Error Interrupt Enable (Code Label ADC_OVREx)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Overrun Error Interrupt.
ADC Interrupt Disable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
•
•
ADC_IDR
Write-only
0x28
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
OVRE3
OVRE2
OVRE1
OVRE0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
EOC3
EOC2
EOC1
EOC0
EOC: End of Conversion Interrupt Disable (Code Label ADC_EOCx)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the End of Conversion Interrupt.
OVRE: Overrun Error Interrupt Disable (Code Label ADC_OVREx)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Overrun Error Interrupt.
202
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
ADC Interrupt Mask Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
•
•
ADC_IMR
Read-only
0
0x2C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
OVRE3
OVRE2
OVRE1
OVRE0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
EOC3
EOC2
EOC1
EOC0
EOC: End of Conversion Interrupt Mask (Code Label ADC_EOCx)
0 = End of Conversion Interrupt is disabled.
1 = End of Conversion Interrupt is enabled.
OVRE: Overrun Error Interrupt Mask (Code Label ADC_OVREx)
0 = Overrun Error Interrupt is disabled.
1 = Overrun Error Interrupt is enabled.
ADC Convert Data
Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
ADC_CDR0 to ADC_CDR3
Read-only
0
0x30 to 0x3C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
8
DATA
1
0
DATA
•
DATA: Converted Data
The analog-to-digital conversion data is placed into this register at the end of a conversion and remains until a new conversion is completed. The Convert Data Register (CDR) is only loaded if the corresponding analog channel is enabled.
DATA
Selected DATA
Code Label: ADC_CDRx
0 or 1
10-bits Data
ADC_DATA_10BITS
0 or 1
8-bits Data
ADC_DATA_8BITS
203
1745C–ATARM–12/02
DAC: Digital-toanalog Converter
The AT91M55800A features two identical 1-channel 10-bit Digital-to-analog converters
(DAC).
Each DAC has an analog output pin (DA0 and DA1) and provides an interrupt signal to
the AIC (DA0IRQ and DA1IRQ). Both DACs share the analog power supply pins VDDA
and GNDA, and the input reference pin DAVREF.
Pin Name
Meaning
VDDA
Analog power supply
GNDA
Analog ground
DAVREF
Reference voltage
DA0
Analog output, channel 0
DA1
Analog output, channel 1
Figure 61. DAC Block Diagram
Advanced
Peripheral
Bus
Control Logic
VDDA
DAnIRQ
Data Holding
Register
Data Output
Register
TIOA0....TIOA5
204
GNDA
10-bit DAC
+
-
DAn
DAVREF
Trigger Selection
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Conversion Details
Digital-to-analog conversions are possible only if the DAC has been enabled in the
APMC and the startup time has elapsed. This startup time is a maximum of 5 µsec, and
is indicated more precisely in the Electrical Characteristics datasheet of the device as
parameter tDASU.
Digital inputs are converted to output voltages on a linear conversion between 0 and
DAVREF. The analog output voltages on DA0 and DA1 pins are determined by the following equation:
DA = DAVREF x (DAC_DOR / 1024)
When DAC_DOR (Data Output Register) is loaded, the analog output voltage is available after a settling time of approximately 5 µsec. The exact value depends on the
power supply voltage and the analog output load, and is indicated in the Electrical Characteristics Sheet of the device as parameter tDAST.
The output register cannot be written directly and any data transfer to the DAC must be
performed by writing in DAC_DHR (Data Holding Register). The transfer from
DAC_DHR to DAC_DOR is performed automatically or when an hardware trigger
occurs, depending on the bit TRGEN in DAC_MR (Mode Register).
The DAC integrates an output buffer enabling the reduction of the output impedance,
and the possibility of driving external loads directly, without having to add an external
operational amplifier. The maximum load supported by the output buffer is indicated in
the Electrical Characteristics of the device.
8- or 10-bit Conversion
Mode
Trigger Selection
Bit RES in the Mode Register (DAC_MR) selects between 8-bit or 10-bit modes of operation. In 8-bit mode, the data written in DAC_DHR is automatically shifted left two bits
and the two lowest bits are written 0. The bit RES also affects the type of transfers performed by the PDC channel:
•
in 8-bit mode, only a byte transfer is performed .
•
in 10-bit mode, a half-word transfer (16 bits) is performed.
A conversion is triggered when data is written in DAC_DHR and TRGEN in DAC_MR is 0.
If TRGEN is 1, a hardware trigger is selected by the field TTRGSEL between the Timer
Counter Channel outputs TIOA. In this case, the corresponding Timer Counter channel
must be programmed in Waveform Mode, and each time the DAC detects a rising edge
on the TC output, it transfers the last data written in DAC_DHR into DAC_DOR.
The bit DATRDY traces the fact that a valid data has been written in DAC_DHR and not
yet been transferred in DAC_DOR. An interrupt can be generated from this status bit to
tell the software to load the following value.
205
1745C–ATARM–12/02
DAC User Interface
Base Address DAC 0:0xFFFA8000 (Code Label DAC0_BASE)
Base Address DAC 1:0xFFFAC000 (Code Label DAC1_BASE)
Table 24. DAC Memory Map
Offset
206
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
Control Register
DAC_CR
Write-only
–
0x04
Mode Register
DAC_MR
Read/Write
0
0x08
Data Holding Register
DAC_DHR
Read/Write
0
0x0C
Data Output Register
DAC_DOR
Read-only
0
0x10
Status Register
DAC_SR
Read-only
0
0x14
Interrupt Enable Register
DAC_IER
Write-only
–
0x18
Interrupt Disable Register
DAC_IDR
Write-only
–
0x1C
Interrupt Mask Register
DAC_IMR
Read-only
0
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
DAC Control Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
•
DAC_CR
Write-only
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
SWRST
SWRST: Software Reset (Code Label DAC_SWRST)
0 = No effect.
1 = Resets the DAC. A software-triggered reset of the DAC interface is performed.
207
1745C–ATARM–12/02
DAC Mode Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
•
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3
2
1
7
6
5
4
–
–
–
RES
0
TTRGSEL
TTRGEN
TTRGEN: Timer Trigger Enable (Code Label DAC_TTRGEN_EN)
TTRGEN
•
DAC_MR
Read/Write
0
0x04
Selected TTRGEN
Code Label
0
The data written into the Data Holding Register (DAC_DHR) is transferred
one main clock cycle later to the data output register (DAC_DOR).
1
The data transfer from the DAC_DHR to the DAC_DOR is synchronized
by the timer trigger.
DAC_TTRGEN_DIS
DAC_TTRGEN_EN
TTRGSEL: Timer Trigger Selection
Only used if TTRGEN = 1
Code Label
TTRGSEL
•
Selected Timer Trigger
DAC_TTRGSEL
0
0
0
TIOA0
DAC_TRG_TIOA0
0
0
1
TIOA1
DAC_TRG_TIOA1
0
1
0
TIOA2
DAC_TRG_TIOA2
0
1
1
TIOA3
DAC_TRG_TIOA3
1
0
0
TIOA4
DAC_TRG_TIOA4
1
0
1
TIOA5
DAC_TRG_TIOA5
1
1
X
Reserved
–
RES
Selected RES
Code Label
0
10-bit resolution
DAC_10_BIT_RES
1
8-bit resolution
DAC_8_BIT_RES
RES: Resolution
208
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
DAC Data Holding Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
DAC_DHR
Read/Write
0
0x08
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
8
DATA
1
0
DATA
•
DATA: Data to be Converted (Code Label DAC_DATA_10BITS or DAC_DATA_8BITS depending on RES)
Data that is to be converted by the DAC is stored in this register. Data to be converted must be written in a right-aligned
format.
In 8-bit resolution mode (RES = 1), data written into the Data Holding Register will be shifted to the left by 2 bits and the
two LSBs will be 0.
In both 8-bit and 10-bit modes, data will be read as written after the adjustments are done. All non-significant bits read 0.
DAC Output Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
DAC_DOR
Read-only
0
0x0C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
8
DATA
1
0
DATA
•
DATA: Data being Converted (Code Label DAC_DATA_10BITS or DAC_DATA_8BITS depending on RES)
Data being converted is stored, in a right-aligned format, in this register.
All non-significant bits read 0.
209
1745C–ATARM–12/02
DAC Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
•
DAC_SR
Read-only
0
0x10
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
DATRDY
DATRDY: Data Ready for Conversion (Code Label DAC_DATRDY)
0 = Data has been written to the Data Holding Register and not yet transferred to the Data Output Register.
1 = The last data written in the Data Holding Register has been transferred to the Data Output Register. This is equal to
0 when the Timer Trigger is disabled or at reset. Enabling the Timer Trigger sets this bit to 1.
210
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
DAC Interrupt Enable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
•
DAC_IER
Write-only
0x14
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
DATRDY
DATRDY: Data Ready for Conversion Interrupt Enable (Code Label DAC_DATRDY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Data Ready for Conversion Interrupt.
DAC Interrupt Disable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
•
DAC_IDR
Write-only
0x18
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
DATRDY
DATRDY: Data Ready for Conversion Interrupt Disable (Code Label DAC_DATRDY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Data Ready for Conversion Interrupt.
211
1745C–ATARM–12/02
DAC Interrupt Mask Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset State:
Offset:
•
DAC_IMR
Read-only
0
0x1C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
DATRDY
DATRDY: Data Ready for Conversion Interrupt Mask (Code Label DAC_DATRDY)
0 = Data Ready for Conversion Interrupt is disabled.
1 = Data Ready for Conversion Interrupt is enabled.
212
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
JTAG Boundary-scan
Register
The Boundary-scan Register (BSR) contains 256 bits which correspond to active pins
and associated control signals.
Each AT91M55800A input pin has a corresponding bit in the Boundary-scan Register
for observability.
Each AT91M55800A output pin has a corresponding 2-bit register in the BSR. The
OUTPUT bit contains data which can be forced on the pad. The CTRL bit can put the
pad into high impedance.
Each AT91M55800A in/out pin corresponds to a 3-bit register in the BSR. The OUTPUT
bit contains data that can be forced on the pad. The INPUT bit is for the observability of
data applied to the pad. The CTRL bit selects the direction of the pad.
Table 25. JTAG Boundary-scan Register
Bit
Number
Pin Name
Pin Type
Associated BSR
Cells
256
NWAIT
INPUT
INPUT
255
NRST
INPUT
INPUT
254
253
OUTPUT
PB18/BMS
IN/OUT
252
INPUT
CTRL
251
OUTPUT
MCKO
OUTPUT
250
CTRL
249
OUTPUT
NWDOVF
OUTPUT
248
CTRL
247
OUTPUT
246
PB17
IN/OUT
INPUT
245
CTRL
244
OUTPUT
243
PB16
IN/OUT
INPUT
242
CTRL
241
OUTPUT
240
PB15
IN/OUT
INPUT
239
CTRL
238
OUTPUT
237
PB14
IN/OUT
236
CTRL
235
OUTPUT
PB13
IN/OUT
234
233
INPUT
PB13
IN/OUT
232
231
230
INPUT
CTRL
OUTPUT
PB12
IN/OUT
INPUT
CTRL
213
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Table 25. JTAG Boundary-scan Register (Continued)
Bit
Number
Pin Name
Pin Type
229
228
OUTPUT
PB11
IN/OUT
INPUT
227
CTRL
226
OUTPUT
225
PB10
IN/OUT
INPUT
224
CTRL
223
OUTPUT
222
PB9
IN/OUT
INPUT
221
CTRL
220
OUTPUT
219
PB8
IN/OUT
INPUT
218
CTRL
217
OUTPUT
216
PB7/AD1TRIG
IN/OUT
INPUT
215
CTRL
214
OUTPUT
213
PB6/AD0TRIG
IN/OUT
INPUT
212
CTRL
211
OUTPUT
210
PB5
IN/OUT
INPUT
209
CTRL
208
OUTPUT
207
PB4/IRQ5
IN/OUT
INPUT
206
CTRL
205
OUTPUT
204
PB3
IN/OUT
INPUT
203
CTRL
202
OUTPUT
201
PB2
IN/OUT
INPUT
200
CTRL
199
OUTPUT
198
197
214
Associated BSR
Cells
PB1
IN/OUT
INPUT
CTRL
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Table 25. JTAG Boundary-scan Register (Continued)
Bit
Number
Pin Name
Pin Type
196
195
Associated BSR
Cells
OUTPUT
PB0
IN/OUT
194
INPUT
CTRL
193
NCS7
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
192
NCS6
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
191
NCS5
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
190
NCS4
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
189
188
OUTPUT
PA29NPCS3
IN/OUT
INPUT
187
CTRL
186
OUTPUT
185
PA28NPCS2
IN/OUT
INPUT
184
CTRL
183
OUTPUT
182
PA27NPCS1
IN/OUT
INPUT
181
CTRL
180
OUTPUT
179
PA26NPCS0
IN/OUT
INPUT
178
CTRL
177
OUTPUT
176
PA25MOSI
IN/OUT
INPUT
175
CTRL
174
OUTPUT
173
PA24MISO
IN/OUT
INPUT
172
CTRL
171
OUTPUT
170
PA23SPCK
IN/OUT
INPUT
169
CTRL
168
OUTPUT
167
PA22RXD2
IN/OUT
166
165
CTRL
PA21TXD2
IN/OUT
PA21TXD2
IN/OUT
164
163
INPUT
OUTPUT
INPUT
CTRL
215
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Table 25. JTAG Boundary-scan Register (Continued)
Bit
Number
Pin Name
Pin Type
162
161
OUTPUT
PA20SCK2
IN/OUT
INPUT
160
CTRL
159
OUTPUT
158
PA19RXD1
IN/OUT
INPUT
157
CTRL
156
OUTPUT
155
PA18/TXD1/NTRI
IN/OUT
INPUT
154
CTRL
153
OUTPUT
152
PA17/SCK1
IN/OUT
INPUT
151
CTRL
150
OUTPUT
149
PA16/RXD0
IN/OUT
INPUT
148
CTRL
147
OUTPUT
146
PA15/TXD0
IN/OUT
INPUT
145
CTRL
144
OUTPUT
143
PA14/SCK0
IN/OUT
INPUT
142
CTRL
141
OUTPUT
140
PA13/FIQ
IN/OUT
INPUT
139
CTRL
138
OUTPUT
137
PA12/IRQ3
IN/OUT
INPUT
136
CTRL
135
OUTPUT
134
PA11/IRQ2
IN/OUT
INPUT
133
CTRL
132
OUTPUT
131
130
216
Associated BSR
Cells
PA10/IRQ1
IN/OUT
INPUT
CTRL
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Table 25. JTAG Boundary-scan Register (Continued)
Bit
Number
Pin Name
Pin Type
129
128
Associated BSR
Cells
OUTPUT
PA9/IRQ0
IN/OUT
INPUT
127
CTRL
126
OUTPUT
125
PA8/TIOB5
IN/OUT
INPUT
124
CTRL
123
OUTPUT
122
PA7/TIOA5
IN/OUT
INPUT
121
CTRL
120
OUTPUT
119
PA6/CLK5
IN/OUT
INPUT
118
CTRL
117
OUTPUT
116
PA5/TIOB4
IN/OUT
INPUT
115
CTRL
114
OUTPUT
113
PA4/TIOA4
IN/OUT
INPUT
112
CTRL
111
OUTPUT
110
PA3/TCLK4
IN/OUT
INPUT
109
CTRL
108
OUTPUT
107
PA2/TIOB3
IN/OUT
INPUT
106
CTRL
105
OUTPUT
104
PA1/TIOA3
IN/OUT
INPUT
103
CTRL
102
OUTPUT
101
PA0/TCLK3
IN/OUT
INPUT
100
CTRL
99
OUTPUT
98
PB27/TIOB2
IN/OUT
97
96
INPUT
CTRL
PB26/TIOA2
IN/OUT
OUTPUT
217
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Table 25. JTAG Boundary-scan Register (Continued)
Bit
Number
Pin Name
Pin Type
95
INPUT
94
CTRL
93
OUTPUT
92
PB25/TCLK2
IN/OUT
INPUT
91
CTRL
90
OUTPUT
89
PB24/TIOB1
IN/OUT
INPUT
88
CTRL
87
OUTPUT
86
PB23/TIOA1
IN/OUT
INPUT
85
CTRL
84
OUTPUT
83
PB22/TCLK1
IN/OUT
INPUT
82
CTRL
81
OUTPUT
80
PB21TIOB0
IN/OUT
INPUT
79
CTRL
78
OUTPUT
77
PB20/TIOA0
IN/OUT
INPUT
76
CTRL
75
OUTPUT
74
PB19/TCLK0
IN/OUT
73
INPUT
D15
IN/OUT
71
OUTPUT
70
INPUT
D14
IN/OUT
69
OUTPUT
68
INPUT
D13
IN/OUT
67
OUTPUT
66
INPUT
D12
IN/OUT
65
OUTPUT
64
INPUT
D11
IN/OUT
63
OUTPUT
62
INPUT
D10
61
INPUT
CTRL
72
218
Associated BSR
Cells
IN/OUT
OUTPUT
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Table 25. JTAG Boundary-scan Register (Continued)
Bit
Number
Pin Name
Pin Type
D9
IN/OUT
60
INPUT
59
OUTPUT
58
INPUT
D8
IN/OUT
57
56
Associated BSR
Cells
OUTPUT
D[15:8]
IN/OUT
D7
IN/OUT
55
CTRL
INPUT
54
OUTPUT
53
INPUT
D6
IN/OUT
52
OUTPUT
51
INPUT
D5
IN/OUT
50
OUTPUT
49
INPUT
D4
IN/OUT
48
OUTPUT
47
INPUT
D3
IN/OUT
46
OUTPUT
45
INPUT
D2
IN/OUT
44
OUTPUT
43
INPUT
D1
IN/OUT
42
OUTPUT
41
IN/OUT
INPUT
D0
40
OUTPUT
39
D[7:0]
IN/OUT
CTRL
38
A23
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
37
A22
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
36
A21
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
35
A20
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
34
A19
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
33
A18
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
32
A17
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
31
A16
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
30
A[23:16]
OUTPUT
CTRL
29
A15
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
28
A14
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
27
A13
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
26
A12
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
219
1745C–ATARM–12/02
Table 25. JTAG Boundary-scan Register (Continued)
Bit
Number
Pin Name
Pin Type
Associated BSR
Cells
25
A11
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
24
A10
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
23
A9
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
22
A8
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
21
A[15:8]
OUTPUT
CTRL
20
A7
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
19
A6
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
18
A5
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
17
A4
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
16
A3
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
15
A2
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
14
A1
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
13
NLB/A0
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
12
A[7:0]
OUTPUT
CTRL
11
NCS3
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
10
NCS2
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
9
NCS1
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
8
NCS0
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
NUB/NWR1
IN/OUT
7
OUTPUT
6
INPUT
5
OUTPUT
NUB/NWR0
IN/OUT
4
INPUT
3
OUTPUT
NOE/NRD
IN/OUT
2
1
220
INPUT
NCS[7:0]
NUB/NWR1
NWE/NWR0
NOE/NRD
IN/OUT
CTRL
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
Table of Contents
Features................................................................................................. 1
Description ............................................................................................ 1
Pin Configurations................................................................................ 2
Pin Description ..................................................................................... 6
Block Diagram....................................................................................... 8
Architectural Overview......................................................................... 9
Memory................................................................................................................. 9
Peripherals............................................................................................................ 9
Product Overview ............................................................................... 11
Power Supplies...................................................................................................
Input/Output Considerations ...............................................................................
Master Clock.......................................................................................................
Reset ..................................................................................................................
Emulation Functions ...........................................................................................
Memory Controller ..............................................................................................
External Bus Interface ........................................................................................
11
11
12
12
12
13
15
Peripherals .......................................................................................... 15
System Peripherals............................................................................................. 16
User Peripherals ................................................................................................. 17
Memory Map........................................................................................ 19
EBI: External Bus Interface................................................................ 21
External Memory Mapping..................................................................................
EBI Pin Description.............................................................................................
Data Bus Width...................................................................................................
Byte-write or Byte-select Access .......................................................................
Boot on NCS0.....................................................................................................
Read Protocols ...................................................................................................
Write Data Hold Time .........................................................................................
Wait States .........................................................................................................
Memory Access Waveforms ...............................................................................
22
23
24
24
26
27
29
30
34
i
1745C–ATARM–12/02
EBI User Interface ..............................................................................................
EBI Chip Select Register ....................................................................................
EBI Remap Control Register ..............................................................................
EBI Memory Control Register .............................................................................
46
47
49
49
APMC: Advanced Power Management Controller ........................... 50
Operating Modes ................................................................................................
Slow Clock Generator.........................................................................................
Clock Generator..................................................................................................
System Clock......................................................................................................
Peripheral Clocks................................................................................................
Shut-down and Wake-up ....................................................................................
Alarm ..................................................................................................................
First Start-up Sequence......................................................................................
APMC User Interface..........................................................................................
APMC System Clock Enable Register................................................................
APMC System Clock Disable Register ...............................................................
APMC System Clock Status Register.................................................................
APMC Peripheral Clock Enable Register ...........................................................
APMC Peripheral Clock Disable Register...........................................................
APMC Peripheral Clock Status Register ............................................................
APMC Clock Generator Mode Register..............................................................
APMC Power Control Register ...........................................................................
APMC Power Mode Register..............................................................................
APMC Status Register........................................................................................
APMC Interrupt Enable Register ........................................................................
APMC Interrupt Disable Register........................................................................
APMC Interrupt Mask Register ...........................................................................
51
53
53
57
57
58
59
59
60
61
61
62
62
63
63
64
65
66
67
68
68
69
RTC: Real-time Clock ......................................................................... 70
Year 2000 Conformity.........................................................................................
Functional Description ........................................................................................
RTC User Interface.............................................................................................
RTC Mode Register ............................................................................................
RTC Hour Mode Register ...................................................................................
RTC Time Register .............................................................................................
RTC Calendar Register ......................................................................................
RTC Time Alarm Register...................................................................................
RTC Calendar Alarm Register ............................................................................
RTC Status Register...........................................................................................
RTC Status Clear Register .................................................................................
RTC Interrupt Enable Register ...........................................................................
RTC Interrupt Disable Register...........................................................................
RTC Interrupt Mask Register ..............................................................................
RTC Valid Entry Register....................................................................................
ii
70
71
73
74
75
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
WD: Watchdog Timer ......................................................................... 85
WD User Interface ..............................................................................................
WD Overflow Mode Register ..............................................................................
WD Clock Mode Register ...................................................................................
WD Control Register...........................................................................................
WD Status Register ............................................................................................
WD Enabling Sequence......................................................................................
86
86
87
87
88
88
AIC: Advanced Interrupt Controller .................................................. 89
Hardware Interrupt Vectoring.............................................................................. 91
Priority Controller ................................................................................................ 91
Interrupt Handling ............................................................................................... 91
Interrupt Masking ................................................................................................ 91
Interrupt Clearing and Setting............................................................................. 92
Fast Interrupt Request ........................................................................................ 92
Software Interrupt ............................................................................................... 92
Spurious Interrupt ............................................................................................... 92
Protect Mode ...................................................................................................... 93
AIC User Interface .............................................................................................. 94
AIC Source Mode Register ................................................................................. 95
AIC Source Vector Register................................................................................ 96
AIC Interrupt Vector Register.............................................................................. 96
AIC FIQ Vector Register ..................................................................................... 97
AIC Interrupt Status Register.............................................................................. 97
AIC Interrupt Pending Register........................................................................... 98
AIC Interrupt Mask Register ............................................................................... 98
AIC Core Interrupt Status Register ..................................................................... 99
AIC Interrupt Enable Command Register ........................................................... 99
AIC Interrupt Disable Command Register ........................................................ 100
AIC Interrupt Clear Command Register............................................................ 100
AIC Interrupt Set Command Register ............................................................... 101
AIC End of Interrupt Command Register .......................................................... 101
AIC Spurious Vector Register........................................................................... 102
Standard Interrupt Sequence............................................................................ 103
PIO: Parallel I/O Controller............................................................... 105
PIO Connection Tables ....................................................................................
PIO User Interface ............................................................................................
PIO Enable Register .........................................................................................
PIO Disable Register ........................................................................................
PIO Status Register ..........................................................................................
PIO Output Enable Register .............................................................................
PIO Output Disable Register ............................................................................
PIO Output Status Register ..............................................................................
108
110
111
111
112
112
113
113
iii
1745C–ATARM–12/02
PIO Input Filter Enable Register .......................................................................
PIO Input Filter Disable Register ......................................................................
PIO Input Filter Status Register ........................................................................
PIO Set Output Data Register ..........................................................................
PIO Clear Output Data Register .......................................................................
PIO Output Data Status Register......................................................................
PIO Pin Data Status Register ...........................................................................
PIO Interrupt Enable Register...........................................................................
PIO Interrupt Disable Register..........................................................................
PIO Interrupt Mask Register .............................................................................
PIO Interrupt Status Register............................................................................
PIO Multi-driver Enable Register ......................................................................
PIO Multi-driver Disable Register .....................................................................
PIO Multi-driver Status Register .......................................................................
114
114
115
115
116
116
117
117
118
118
119
119
120
120
SF: Special Function Registers....................................................... 121
Chip Identifier....................................................................................................
SF User Interface..............................................................................................
Chip ID Register ...............................................................................................
Chip ID Extension Register...............................................................................
Reset Status Register.......................................................................................
SF Protect Mode Register ................................................................................
121
121
122
123
124
124
USART: Universal Synchronous/ Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter ....................................................................................................... 125
Pin Description..................................................................................................
Baud Rate Generator........................................................................................
Receiver............................................................................................................
Transmitter........................................................................................................
Multi-drop Mode................................................................................................
Break ................................................................................................................
Peripheral Data Controller ................................................................................
Interrupt Generation..........................................................................................
Channel Modes.................................................................................................
USART User Interface ......................................................................................
USART Control Register...................................................................................
USART Mode Register .....................................................................................
USART Interrupt Enable Register.....................................................................
USART Interrupt Disable Register....................................................................
USART Interrupt Mask Register .......................................................................
USART Channel Status Register......................................................................
USART Receiver Holding Register...................................................................
USART Transmitter Holding Register...............................................................
USART Baud Rate Generator Register ............................................................
USART Receiver Time-out Register.................................................................
iv
126
127
128
130
130
131
133
133
133
135
136
137
139
140
141
142
143
143
144
145
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
AT91M55800A
USART Transmitter Time-guard Register.........................................................
USART Receive Pointer Register.....................................................................
USART Receive Counter Register ...................................................................
USART Transmit Pointer Register....................................................................
USART Transmit Counter Register ..................................................................
145
146
146
147
147
TC: Timer Counter ............................................................................ 148
Signal Name Description ..................................................................................
Timer Counter Description................................................................................
Capture Operating Mode ..................................................................................
Waveform Operating Mode...............................................................................
TC User Interface .............................................................................................
TC Block Control Register ................................................................................
TC Block Mode Register...................................................................................
TC Channel Control Register............................................................................
TC Channel Mode Register: Capture Mode .....................................................
TC Channel Mode Register: Waveform Mode..................................................
TC Counter Value Register...............................................................................
TC Register A ...................................................................................................
TC Register B ...................................................................................................
TC Register C ...................................................................................................
TC Status Register ...........................................................................................
TC Interrupt Enable Register ............................................................................
TC Interrupt Disable Register ...........................................................................
TC Interrupt Mask Register...............................................................................
149
150
153
155
158
159
159
160
161
164
167
167
168
168
169
170
171
172
SPI: Serial Peripheral Interface ....................................................... 173
Pin Description..................................................................................................
Master Mode.....................................................................................................
Slave Mode.......................................................................................................
Data Transfer....................................................................................................
Clock Generation ..............................................................................................
Peripheral Data Controller ................................................................................
SPI Programmer’s Model..................................................................................
SPI Control Register .........................................................................................
SPI Mode Register............................................................................................
SPI Receive Data Register ...............................................................................
SPI Transmit Data Register ..............................................................................
SPI Status Register ..........................................................................................
SPI Interrupt Enable Register ...........................................................................
SPI Interrupt Disable Register ..........................................................................
SPI Interrupt Mask Register..............................................................................
SPI Receive Pointer Register ...........................................................................
SPI Receive Counter Register..........................................................................
SPI Transmit Pointer Register ..........................................................................
173
174
178
179
180
180
181
182
182
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
190
191
v
1745C–ATARM–12/02
SPI Transmit Counter Register......................................................................... 191
SPI Chip Select Register .................................................................................. 192
ADC: Analog-to-digital Converter ................................................... 194
Analog-to-digital Conversion.............................................................................
Conversion Results...........................................................................................
Conversion Triggers .........................................................................................
Sleep Mode.......................................................................................................
ADC User Interface...........................................................................................
ADC Control Register .......................................................................................
ADC Mode Register..........................................................................................
ADC Channel Enable Register .........................................................................
ADC Channel Disable Register ........................................................................
ADC Channel Status Register ..........................................................................
ADC Status Register.........................................................................................
ADC Interrupt Enable Register .........................................................................
ADC Interrupt Mask Register............................................................................
ADC Convert Data Register..............................................................................
195
195
195
195
196
197
198
200
200
201
201
202
203
203
DAC: Digital-to-analog Converter ................................................... 204
Conversion Details............................................................................................
8- or 10-bit Conversion Mode ...........................................................................
Trigger Selection...............................................................................................
DAC User Interface...........................................................................................
DAC Control Register .......................................................................................
DAC Mode Register..........................................................................................
DAC Data Holding Register ..............................................................................
DAC Output Register ........................................................................................
DAC Status Register.........................................................................................
DAC Interrupt Enable Register .........................................................................
DAC Interrupt Disable Register ........................................................................
DAC Interrupt Mask Register............................................................................
205
205
205
206
207
208
209
209
210
211
211
212
JTAG Boundary-scan Register........................................................ 213
Document Details ............................................................................. 221
Revision History................................................................................................ 221
Table of Contents ................................................................................ i
vi
AT91M55800A
1745C–ATARM–12/02
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© Atmel Corporation 2002.
Atmel Corporation makes no warranty for the use of its products, other than those expressly contained in the Company’s standard warranty
which is detailed in Atmel’s Terms and Conditions located on the Company’s web site. The Company assumes no responsibility for any errors
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product names may be the trademark of others.
Printed on recycled paper.
1745C–ATARM–12/02
0M
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