MICRF103 Micrel MICRF103 QwikRadio™ UHF ASK Transmitter Final General Description Features The MICRF103 is a single chip Transmitter IC for remote wireless applications. The device employs Micrel’s latest QwikRadio™ technology. This device is a true ”data-in, antenna-out” monolithic device. All antenna tuning is accomplished automatically within the IC which eliminates manual tuning, and reduces production costs. The result is a highly reliable yet extremely low cost solution for high volume wireless applications. Because the MICRF103 is a true single-chip radio transmitter, it is easy to apply, minimizing design and production costs, and improving time to market. The MICRF103 uses a novel architecture where the external antenna is tuned by the internal UHF synthesizer. This transmitter is designed to comply worldwide UHF unlicensed band international radio regulations. The IC is compatible with virtually all ASK/OOK (Amplitude Shift Keying/On-Off Keyed) UHF receiver types from wide-band super-regenerative radios to narrow-band, high performance super-heterodyne receivers. The transmitter is designed to work with transmitter data rates up to 115k bits per second. The automatic tuning in conjunction with an external resistor, insures that the transmitter output power stays constant at maximum regulatory transmit power limits for the life of the battery. When coupled with Micrel’s family of QwikRadio™ receivers, the MICRF103 provides the lowest cost and most reliable remote actuator and RF link system available. • • • • • • Complete UHF transmitter on a monolithic chip Frequency range 800MHz to 1GHz Data rates to 115kbps Automatic antenna alignment, no manual adjustment Low external part count Low standby current <1µA Applications • • • • Remote keyless entry systems (RKE) Remote fan/light control Garage door opener transmitters Remote sensor data links Ordering Information Part Number Temperature Range Package MICRF103BM –40°C to +85°C 8-Pin SOIC Typical Application +5V ASK DATA INPUT 4.7µF MICRF103 RP1 100k 0.1µF PC RP2 6.8k 1.0pF 8.2pF 27nH ASK VDD ANTP VSS ANTM REFOSC STBY 10nH 100pF SAW Filter 1.0pF 50Ω Monopole PCB Antenna Y1 27nH 100k +5V Note: Example for 868MHz Figure 1 QwikRadio is a trademark of Micrel, Inc. The QwikRadio ICs were developed under a partnership agreement with AIT of Orlando, Florida. Micrel, Inc. • 1849 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 944-0970 • http://www.micrel.com June 2002 1 MICRF103 MICRF103 Micrel Pin Configuration PC 1 8 ASK VDD 2 7 ANTP VSS 3 6 ANTM REFOSC 4 5 STBY MICRF103BM Pin Description Pin Number Pin Name 1 PC 2 VDD Positive power supply input for the IC. 3 VSS This pin is the ground return for the IC. A power supply bypass capacitor connected from VDD to VSS should have the shortest possible path. 4 REFOSC This is the timing reference frequency which is the transmit frequency divided by 64. Connect a crystal (mode dependent) between this pin and VSS, or drive the input with an AC coupled 0.5Vpp input clock. See Reference Oscillator section in this data sheet under Electrical Characteristics. 5 STBY Input for transmitter stand-by control pin is pulled to VDD for transmit operation and VSS for stand-by mode. 6 ANTM Negative RF power output to drive one side of the transmit antenna. 7 ANTP Positive RF power output to drive the other side of the transmit antenna. 8 ASK MICRF103 Pin Function Power Control Input. The voltage at this pin should be set between 0.1V to 0.4V for normal operation. Amplitude Shift Key modulation data input pin. For CW operation, connect this pin to VDD. 2 June 2002 MICRF103 Micrel Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Operating Ratings (Note 2) Supply Voltage(VDD) ..................................................... +6V Voltage on I/O Pins ............................. VSS–0.3 to VDD+0.3 Storage Temperature Range ................... -65°C to + 150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10 seconds) ........... + 300°C ESD Rating, Note 3 Supply Voltage (VDD) .................................... 4.75V to 5.5V Maximum Supply Ripple Voltage ............................... 10mV PC Input Range ...................................... 0.1V < VPC < 0.4V Ambient Operating Temperature (TA) ........ –40°C to +85°C Programmable Transmitter Frequency Range: ........................................................ 800MHz to 1GHz Electrical Characteristics Specifications apply for 4.75V < VDD < 5.5V, VPC = 0.35V, TA = 25°C, freqREFOSC = 13.5625MHz, STBY = VDD. Bold values indicate –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C unless otherwise noted. Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units Power Supply µA Standby Supply Current, IQ VSTBY < 0.5V MARK Supply Current, ION @868MHz 19 26.5 mA @915MHz 20 27.5 mA @868MHz 14 18 mA @915MHz 15 21 mA 33%@868MHz 16 mA 33%@915MHz 17 mA @868MHz (EIRP) -3 dBm @915MHz (EIRP) -3 dBm over supply and temperature ±2 dBm 38 45 dBc 2.6 3.0 SPACE Supply Current, IOFF MARK/SPACE Ratio 0.10 RF Output Section and Modulation Limits: Maximum Power Level, POUT Output Power Variation Extinction ratio for ASK Varactor tuning range Note 5 3.3 pF Reference Oscillator Section Reference Oscillator Input Impedance 300 kΩ Reference Oscillator Source Current 5.0 µA Reference Oscillator Input Voltage (peak-to-peak) 0.2 1.0 VPP Digital / Control Section Calibration Time note 7, ASK=HIGH 20 ms Power Amplifier Output Hold-off Time from STBY note 4, STDBY transition from LOW to HIGH crystal, ESR < 20Ω 5 ms Transmitter Stabilization Time from external reference (500mVpp) 9 ms From STBY crystal, ESR < 20Ω 12 ms Maximum Data rate - ASK modulation duty cycle of the modulating signal = 50% STBY HIGH VIH enable voltage STBY LOW VIL ASK Pin 115 kbits/s 0.8VDD V 0.1VDD VIH, input high voltage 0.8VDD V VIL, input low voltage ASK Input Current June 2002 ASK = 0V, 5.0V input current –10 3 0.1 0.1VDD V 10 µA MICRF103 MICRF103 Micrel Note 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. Note 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. Note 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. Human body model, 1.5k in series with 100pF. Note 4. After the release of the STDBY, the device requires an initialization time to settle the REFOSC and the internal PLL. The first MARK state (ASK HIGH) after exit from STDBY needs to be longer than the initialization time. The subsequent low to high transitions will be treated as data modulation whereby the envelope transition time will apply. Note 5. The varactor capacitance tuning range indicates the allowable external antenna component variation to maintain tune over normal production tolerances of external components. Guaranteed by design not tested in production. Note 6. For the ASK modulation scheme, the part will accept ASK (digital ON/OFF) input and will transmit the data with a finite extinction ratio and the pin will set the MARK power level. Note 7. When the device is first powered up or it loses power momentarily, it goes into the calibration mode to tune up the transmit antenna. Test Circuit 680pF MICRF103 PC STBY VDD ANTP VSS ANTM 100Ω 200Ω 7.1nH REFOSC MICRF103 ASK 4:1 50Ω 680pF 100Ω 4 June 2002 MICRF103 Micrel Typical Characteristics Mark Current vs. PC Voltage Output Power vs. PC Pin Voltage 35 30 20 MARK POUT (dBm) MARK ION (mA) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 June 2002 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 VPC (V) -50 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 VPC (V) 5 MICRF103 MICRF103 Micrel Functional Diagram Reference Bias STBY VDD ASK (10) TX Bias Control VDD ANTP Power Amp ANTM (8) (9) PC Prescaler ÷64 Buffer (6a) (5) Phase Detector Buffer VCO (4) (2) (6b) (3) Antenna Tuning Control (7) Varactor Device REF.OSC Reference Oscillator (1) (11) VSS Figure 2. MICRF103 Block Diagram Functional Description The block diagram illustrates the basic structure of the MICRF103. Identified in the figure are the principal functional blocks of the IC, namely the (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) UHF synthesizer, (6a/b) Buffer, (7) Antenna tuner, (8) Power amplifier, (9) TX bias control, (10) Reference bias and (11) Process tuner. The UHF synthesizer generates the carrier frequency with quadrature outputs. The in-phase signal (I) is used to drive the PA and the quadrature signal (Q) is used to compare the antenna signal phase for antenna tuning purpose. The antenna tuner block senses the phase of the transmit signal at the antenna port and controls the varactor capacitor to tune the antenna. The power control unit senses the antenna signal and controls the PA bias current to regulate the antenna signal to the transmit power. MICRF103 The process tune circuit generates process independent bias currents for different blocks. Included within the IC is a differential varactor that serves as the tuning element to insure that the transmit frequency and antenna are aligned with the receiver over all supply and temperature variations. 6 June 2002 MICRF103 Micrel Package Information 0.026 (0.65) MAX) PIN 1 DIMENSIONS: INCHES (MM) 0.154 (3.90) 0.193 (4.90) 0.050 (1.27) 0.016 (0.40) TYP TYP 45° 3°–6° 0.063 (1.60) MAX 0.057 (1.45) 0.049 (1.25) 0.197 (5.0) 0.189 (4.8) 0.244 (6.20) 0.228 (5.80) SEATING PLANE 8-Pin SOP (M) MICREL, INC. 1849 FORTUNE DRIVE TEL + 1 (408) 944-0800 FAX SAN JOSE, CA 95131 + 1 (408) 944-0970 WEB USA http://www.micrel.com This information is believed to be accurate and reliable, however no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties resulting from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent right of Micrel, Inc. © 2002 Micrel, Incorporated June 2002 7 MICRF103