MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Order this document by MC33594/D SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL ROMEO2 MC33594 RCBGAP GNDDIG 24 23 22 21 20 19 VCC 1 18 VCCDIG VCC 2 17 SCLK VCCLNA 3 16 MOSI RFIN 4 15 MISO 9 10 11 12 CAGC 8 XTAL2 7 XTAL1 13 DMDAT GND GNDSUB 6 GNDVCO 14 RESETB PFD GNDLNA 5 Figure 1: Simplified block diagram Table 1: Ordering Information Device RF frequency/ IF filter bandwidth Ambiant Temperature Range Package MC33594FTA 434MHz / 500kHz -40°C to +105°C LQFP24 This document contains information on a new product under development. Motorola reserves the right to change or discontinue this product without notice. REV 1.1 © Motorola, Inc., 2002. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Non Disclosure Agreement Required STROBE Pin Connections CAFC 315MHz, 434MHz Bands OOK and FSK Demodulation Low Current Consumption: 5mA Typ. in Run Mode Internal or External Strobing Fast Wake-Up Time (1ms) -105dBm RF Sensitivity (at 4.8kBd Data Rate) Fully Integrated VCO Image Cancelling Mixer Integrated IF Bandpass Filter at 660kHz IF Bandwidth: 500kHz ID Byte and Tone Detection Data Rate: 1 to 11kBd Manchester Coded Data Clock Recovery (FSK only) Fully Configurable by SPI Interface Few External Components, no RF Adjustment MIXOUT • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • CMIXAGC Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... PLL Tuned UHF Receiver for Data Transfer Applications MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Pin Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 VCC VCC VCCLNA RFIN GNDLNA GNDSUB PFD GNDVCO GND XTAL1 XTAL2 12 CAGC 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 DMDAT RESETB MISO MOSI SCLK VCCDIG GNDDIG RCBGAP 21 STROBE 22 23 24 CAFC MIXOUT CMIXAGC © Motorola, Inc., 2002. Description 5V power supply 5V power supply 5V LNA power supply RF input LNA ground Ground Access to VCO control voltage VCO ground Ground Reference oscillator crystal Reference oscillator crystal IF AGC capacitor for OOK Reference for FSK Demodulated data (OOK & FSK modulation) State Machine Reset SPI interface I/O SPI interface I/O SPI interface clock 5V digital power supply Digital ground Reference voltage output Strobe oscillator control Stop/Run external control input AFC capacitor Mixer output Mixer AGC capacitor MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 2 Go to: www.freescale.com Non Disclosure Agreement Required Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Parameter Value Unit VGND - 0.3 to 5.5 V Voltage Allowed on Each Pin VGND - 0.3 to VCC + 0.3 V ESD HBM Voltage Capability on Each Pin (note 1) ±2000 V ESD MM Voltage Capability on Each Pin (note 2) ±200 V Solder Heat Resistance Test (10 s) 260 °C Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Supply Voltage Symbol VCC VCCLNA Storage Temperature Ts -65 to +150 °C Junction Temperature Tj 150 °C Notes: 1 Human Body model, AEC-Q100-002 Rev. C. 2 Machine Model, AEC-Q100-003 Rev. E. © Motorola, Inc., 2002. MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 3 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. RECEIVER FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION The basic functionality of the ROMEO2 receiver may be seen by reference to the accompanying block diagram (see figure 1). It is fully compatible with the TANGO3 transmitter. The RF section comprises a mixer with image cancelling, followed by an IF band-pass filter at 660kHz, an AGC controlled gain stage and OOK and FSK demodulators, the desired modulation type being selectable by the SPI interface. The data output from the circuit may either be the data comparator output, or, if Data Manager is enabled, the SPI port. The local oscillator is controlled with a PLL referenced to the crystal oscillator. The received channel is defined by the choice of the crystal frequency. Depending upon the configuration, the circuit can be either externally strobed by the STROBE input or internally wait-and-sleep cycled to reduce the power consumption. At any time, a high level on STROBE overrides the internal timer output and wakes up ROMEO2. When the circuit is switched into sleep mode its current consumption is approximately 100µA. The circuit configuration which has previously been programmed is retained. THE LOCAL OSCILLATOR PLL The PLL is tuned by comparing the local oscillator frequency, after suitable division, with that of the crystal oscillator reference. The loop filter has been integrated in the IC. Practical limits upon the values of components which may be integrated mean that the local oscillator performance may be slightly improved by using an external PFD filter, shown in Figure 2. In this way the user may choose to have optimum performance with the addition of external filter components. The PLL gain may be programmed by bit PG: it is recommended that this bit be set to 1, corresponding to low loop gain. Figure 2 : External loop filter C1=4.7nF, C2=390pF, R=1kΩ © Motorola, Inc., 2002. MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 4 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... An SPI bus permits programming the modulation type, data rate, UHF frequency, ID word etc., though to accomodate applications where no bus interface is available the circuit defaults at power-on to a standard operating mode. MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL MANCHESTER CODING DESCRIPTION Manchester coding is defined as follows: data is sent during the first half-bit, complementary data is sent during the second half-bit. Figure 3: Manchester coding example 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 Original data Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... The signal average value is constant. In FSK modulation (MOD=1), clock recovery from the data stream itself is allowed. In order to achieve a correct clock recovery, Manchester coded data must have a duty cycle between 45% and 55%. PREAMBLE, ID, HEADER WORDS AND MESSAGE DESCRIPTION The following description applies if the Data Manager is enabled (DME=1, MOD=1). The ID word is a Manchester coded byte whose content has been previously loaded in the Configuration Register 2. The complement of the ID word is recognized as an ID word. ID word is sent at the same data rate as data. A preamble is required: - before ID, - before Header if HE=1, - before data if HE=0. Using FSK modulation, it enables data slicer reference voltage to settle and clock recovery. Figure 4 defines the Preamble word in FSK modulation. Preamble content must be carefully defined in order not to be decoded as an ID or Header word. Figure 4: Preamble definition FSK Modulation: Data slicer reference settling time Clock recovery ID 3 ‘1’ or ‘0’ Manchester at data rate ‘1’ or ‘0’ Manchester at data rate The Header word is a 4 bit Manchester coded message ‘0110’ or its complement sent at the selected data rate. This bit sequence and its complement must not be found in the sequence preamble and ID word. Data must follow the Header without any delay. Data are completed by a End-of-Message (EOM) word, consisting of 2 NRZ consecutive ones or zeroes. Even in case of FSK modulation, the data must be completed by a EOM and not by simply stopping the RF telegram. If the complement of the Header word is received, output data are complemented too. The following example shows a complete message with Preamble, ID, Header words followed by 2 data bits, and an EOM. The preamble is placed at the beginning of both ID and Header words. Figure 5: Complete message example 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Preamble ID 0 1 1 0 1 0 Preamble Header Data EOM MESSAGE PROTOCOL If the receiver is continuously Sleep/Run cycling, the ID word has to be recognized to stay in Run mode. Consequently, the transmitted ID burst has to be long enough to include two consecutive receiver Run cycles. © Motorola, Inc., 2002. MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 5 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required Manchester coded MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. If the Strobe oscillator is enabled (SOE=1), the circuit is in Sleep mode during SR × TStrobe and in Run mode during TStrobe (where TStrobe is the Strobe oscillator period and SR is the Strobe Ratio, see Table 5). Therefore, the sleep/run cycle period is equal to (SR+1) × TStrobe. If SOE=0, these timings constraints must be respected by the external control applied on pin STROBE. Figure 6: Complete telegram with ID detection P+ID P+ID P+ID P+ID P+ID P+Header P+ID Data EOM RF signal Sleep SR × TStrobe TStrobe ID detected P+ID = Preamble ID = Preamble Header P+Header Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Sleep Run Figure 7: Complete telegram with tone detection Header Tone Data EOM RF signal Run Sleep TStrobe SR × TStrobe Sleep Run ID detected Figures 8 & 9 detail RF signals and the processing done by the receiver in several configuations. Figure 8: Telegrams with ID DME=1, HE=1 Preamble ID Preamble ID Preamble ID Preamble Header Data EOM RF signal ID detected Data SPI output DME=1, HE=0 Preamble ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID Data EOM RF signal ID detected ID ID ID ID ID ID ID ID Data SPI output © Motorola, Inc., 2002. MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 6 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required Run MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Figure 9: Telegrams with tone DME=1, HE=1 Tone Header Data EOM RF signal Tone detected Data SPI output DME=1, HE=0 Tone Data EOM Data Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Tone SPI output RECEIVER START-UP DELAY A settling time (1ms typ.) is required when entering into Wait mode. figure 10. Figure 10: Wait usable window Sleep Run Run Sleep ID ID ID Settling time ID ID ID ID ID ID detected © Motorola, Inc., 2002. MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 7 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required RF signal Tone detected MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. DATA MANAGER This block, only usable when in FSK modulation, has five purposes: - ID detection, - Header recognition, - Clock recovery, - Output data and recovered clock on SPI port, - End-of-Message detection. Table 2 details some ROMEO2 features versus the bits DME and SOE values. DME MOD SOE 0 0 x Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 1 0 1 1 1 Timer External control by STROBE pin Internal and external control by STROBE pin External control by STROBE pin Internal and external control by STROBE pin ROMEO2 kept in Run mode by Microcontroller woken-up by STROBE pin Raw data STROBE pin Message Detection word ID detection and STROBE pin Data clock Table 3 details some ROMEO2 features versus DME values. Table 3: ROMEO2 features versus DME DME MOD SPI status 0 x Disabled 1 1 Master when RESETB=1 Data format Output Bitstream No clock Data bytes Recovered clock MOSI MOSI SCLK CLOCK GENERATOR Typical crystal frequencies are: - 9.864375MHz for 315MHz band, - 13.580625MHz for 434MHz band. Figure 11: Clock generation diagram XTAL Reference ÷8 Phase Frequency Detector ÷ 11 IF Filter Reference Clock & Clock Recovery (FSK only) ÷ 32 315MHz band UHF Oscillator © Motorola, Inc., 2002. 434MHz band MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 8 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required Table 2: ROMEO2 features versus DME and SOE MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. SERIAL INTERFACE ROMEO2 and the microcontroller communicate through a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI). It enables: - the microcontroller to set and check ROMEO2 configuration, - ROMEO2 to send the received data. If the SPI is not used, a Power On Reset (POR) sets ROMEO2 to operate correctly in a default configuration. The master clock is used to synchronise data movement both in and out of the device through its MOSI and MISO lines. The master and slave devices are capable of exchanging a byte of information during a sequence of eight clock cycles. Since SCLK is generated by the master device, this line is an input on a slave device. The MISO line is configured as an input in a master device and as an output in a slave device. The MOSI line is configured as an output in a master device and as an input in a slave device. The MISO and MOSI lines transfer serial data in one direction with the most significant bit sent first. Data are captured on falling edges of SCLK. Data are shifted out on rising edge of SCLK. When no data are output, SCLK and MOSI force a low level. Using Motorola acronyms, this means that the clock phase and polarity control bits of the microcontroller SPI have to be CPOL= 0 and CPHA=1. In configuration mode, as long as a low level is applied on RESETB (see state machine on figure 14 page 13), the microcontroller is the master node providing clock information on SCLK input, control and configuration bits on the MOSI line. If the default configuration is not the desired one, the microcontroller (MCU) can change it by writing into the configuration registers. The configuration registers can also be read back to check their contents. Configuration registers cannot be addressed separately, the whole configuration has to be sent as a 3x8 bitstream. The contents are written out as a 24-bit serial data stream. Transmissions which are not multiple of 24 bits may lead to unexpected configurations. The first bit transmitted on MOSI does not change the content of the configuration registers. Note that a low level applied on RESETB does not affect the configuration register content. When RESETB is set to a high level, if Data Manager is enabled (DME=1), ROMEO2 becomes master and sends received data on the MOSI line and the recovered clock on SCLK. It is then recommended that the MCU SPI is set as slave. If the data received does not fit in an entire number of bytes, the data manager will fill the last byte. If the data received constitute an whole number of bytes, the data manager may generate and send an extra byte whose content is irrelevant. If DME=0, the SPI is disabled. Raw data is sent on the MOSI line. When ROMEO2 SPI is changed from master (run mode) to slave (configuration mode) or from slave to master, it is recommended that the MCU SPI is set as slave before the mode transition. At power-on, the POR resets the internal registers. This defines the receiver default configuration (see gray rows on tables 4, 7 & 8). In this configuration, the SPI is disabled and ROMEO2 sends raw data on the MOSI line. This default configuration enables the circuit to operate as a standalone receiver without any external control. After POR, RESETB forces a low level. Therefore an external pull-up resistor should be used in order to avoid entering configuration mode. Figure 12: Writing into configuration registers MCU (master) 0 CR1 ROMEO2 CR2 CR3 MOSI line SCLK line © Motorola, Inc., 2002. MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 9 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... The interface is operated by the 3 following input/output pins: - Serial Clock SCLK, - Master Output Slave Input MOSI, - Master Input Slave Output MISO. MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Figure 13: Reading configuration registers ROMEO2 MCU (master) Don’t care 1 Don’t care Don’t care MOSI line SCLK line 1 CR1 CR3 ROMEO2 MISO line Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Non Disclosure Agreement Required MCU (master) CR2 © Motorola, Inc., 2002. MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 10 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. CONFIGURATION REGISTERS Table 4 describes the Configuration Register 1 (CR1). Bit name Reset value Table 4: Configuration Register 1 bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 R/W CF MOD SOE SR1 SR0 1 1 0 1 0 1 bit 1 DME 0 bit 0 HE 0 - R/W controls the 3 registers access (read or write): 0 = Write CR1, CR2 ,CR3, 1 = Read CR1, CR2, CR3. Table 5: Carrier Frequency selection CF Selected Frequency 0 315MHz 1 434MHz - MOD sets the data Modulation type: 0 = On/Off Keying (OOK) modulation, 1 = Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulation. - SOE enables the Strobe Oscillator: 0 = Disabled, 1 = Enabled, Whatever SOE value has been programmed, a high level on STROBE sets the circuit into run mode. - SR0/SR1 define the Strobe Ratio (SR) as shown on Table 6. SR is the ratio Sleep time over Run time and Run time=TStrobe (where TStrobe is the Strobe oscillator period). Table 6: Strobe Ratio selection SR1 SR0 Strobe Ratio 0 0 3 0 1 7 1 0 15 1 1 31 - DME enables the Data Manager: 0 = Disabled, 1 = Enabled (to be combined with MOD=1). Data are output on MOSI and the associated clock on SCLK. - HE defines if a Header word is present (the bit HE is only active if DME=1): 0 = No header, 1 = Header. Configuration Register 2 (CR2) defines the Identifier (ID) word content. The bits will be Manchester coded. Bit name Reset value Table 7: Configuration Register 2 bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 ID7 ID6 ID5 ID4 ID3 0 0 0 0 0 bit 2 ID2 0 bit 1 ID1 0 bit 0 ID0 0 bit 2 0 bit 1 0 bit 0 0 Table 8 describes the Configuration Register 3 (CR3). Bit name Reset value © Motorola, Inc., 2002. Table 8: Configuration Register 3 bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 DR1 DR0 MG MS PG 1 0 0 0 0 MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 11 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... - CF defines the Carrier Frequency as shown onTable 5. MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. - DR0/DR1 define the Data Rate (before Manchester coding) as shown onTable 9. Table 9: Data Rate selection DR1 DR0 Selected Ratio 0 0 1.0 - 1.4 kBd 0 1 2 - 2.7 kBd 1 0 4 - 5.3 kBd 1 1 8.6 - 10.6 kBd - MG sets the mixer gain: 0 = Normal, 1 = -17dB (typical). Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 0 = To the mixer output, 1 = To the IF input. MG 0 0 1 1 Table 10: Mixer and MIXOUTconfiguration MS Mixer Gain MIXOUT 0 Normal Mixer output 1 Normal IF input 0 Reduced Mixer output 1 Forbidden, mixer test mode only The combination MG=1, MS=1 is forbidden in any application. It configures the receiver in a test mode where the mixer runs at fVCO/4. - PG sets the phase comparator gain (see “The local oscillator PLL” chapter, page 4): 0 = High gain mode, 1 = Low gain mode. © Motorola, Inc., 2002. MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 12 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required - MS switches the MIXOUT pin: MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. STATE MACHINES AFTER POR RESET STATE MACHINE There are 3 different modes for the receiver. Sleep mode corresponds to the low power consumption mode: - if SOE=0, the whole receiver is shutdown, - if SOE=1, the strobe oscillator remains active. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... In Run mode, the receiver is enabled (crystal and local oscillators are running). It is either waiting for an RF telegram or receiving one. Figure 14 details the state machine after Power On Reset (POR). The state machine is synchronized by a sampling clock at 615kHz (sampling period Ts=1.6µs), derivated from the crystal oscillator. The transition time between state 1 and states 2 or 6 is less than 3 × Ts. After POR, the circuit is in state 0 and configuration registers’ content is set to the reset value. This enables to use ROMEO2 in a standalone configuration without any external control. As long as a low level is applied on RESETB, the circuit stays in state 1. This configuration mode enables to write or read the internal registers through the SPI interface. Figure 14: After POR state machine Strobe Counter=SR OR STROBE=1 Power-On Reset State 0 Sleep mode SPI disabled State 0b Run mode Raw data on MOSI SPI disabled Strobe Counter ≠ SR AND STROBE=0 RESETB=1 AND DME=0 RESETB=0 State 1 Configuration mode SPI active and slave RESETB=1 AND DME=1 AND SOE=1 RESETB=1 AND DME=1 AND SOE=0 SPI disabled SPI slave State 2, see figure 15 © Motorola, Inc., 2002. State 6, see figure 16 MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 13 Go to: www.freescale.com SPI master revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required Configuration mode is used for writing or reading the internal registers. In this mode, the SPI is slave and the receiver is enabled. The crystal oscillator is running and generates the clock for the SPI. This implies that before the circuit is in sleep mode, a delay corresponding to the crystal oscillator wake-up time must be inserted between the falling edge on RESETB and the start of the transmission on the SPI lines. The local oscillator is running as well. This means that demodulated data can be read on DMDAT but are not sent by the SPI. MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. STATE MACHINE WITH STROBE OSCILLATOR CONTROL Figure 15 details the state machine when the strobe oscillator is enabled (SOE=1). Figure 15: State machine with strobe oscillator control SPI master State 2 Sleep mode Reset and Start Strobe Counter Strobe Counter ≠ SR AND STROBE pin released Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... State 3 Run mode Waiting for ID word ID detected AND HE=1 Time-out ID detected AND HE=0 State 4 Run mode Reset and start Timer Waiting for Header Header received State 5 Run mode Output data & clock Waiting for End of Message EOM received State 2: The circuit is in Sleep mode, except for the Strobe oscillator and the Strobe counter. State 3: The circuit is waiting for a valid ID word. If ID or its complement is detected, the state machine advances to state 4. If not, it will go back into sleep mode (state 2) at the end of the Strobe period. State 4: ID or its complement has been detected, Data Manager is waiting for Header or its complement. Time-out counter is running. This counter will count up to 66 (± 1) times the strobe oscillator period (TStrobe). State 5: If Header has been received, data and clock signals are output on the SPI port until End of Message indicates the data sequence end. If the complement of Header has been received, output data are complemented too. For all states: At any time, a low level applied on RESETB during more than one Ts forces the state machine to state 1. When the transition condition from one state to the next one is fulfilled, the transition time is one Ts (except for reaching state 2). The transition time to state 2 is 2 × Ts (+ duration of the dummy byte if it is shifted out, only for transition coming from state 5). © Motorola, Inc., 2002. MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 14 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required Strobe Counter=SR OR STROBE=1 MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. STATE MACHINE WITH STROBE PIN CONTROL Figure 16 details the state machine when the strobe oscillator is disabled (SOE=0). Figure 16: State machine with STROBE pin control State 6 Sleep mode SPI master STROBE=1 State 7 Run mode Waiting for ID word Non Disclosure Agreement Required STROBE=0 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... ID detected STROBE=0 State 8 Run mode Send an ID word HE=1 STROBE=0 HE=0 State 9 Run mode Waiting for Header Header received STROBE=0 State 10 Run mode Output data & clock EOM received STROBE=0 State 11 Run mode Output data State 6: Programming SOE=0 sets ROMEO2 to state 6. The circuit is in Sleep mode. State 7: A high level applied on STROBE sets the circuit into state 7. If an ID or its complement is detected, the state machine advances to state 8. If not, it will stay in state 7 as long as STROBE is high. State 8: After ID or its complement detection, ID byte is sent to the microcontroller on MOSI line at 310kBd. This warns the microcontroller that data are received which means that an high level has to be maintained on STROBE. At any time a low level applied on STROBE sets the circuit into state 6. © Motorola, Inc., 2002. MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 15 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. State 9: If Header or its complement is detected, the state machine advances to state 10. If not, it will stay in state 9 as long as STROBE is high. State 10: If Header has been received, data and clock signals are output on the SPI port. If the complement of Header has been received, output data are complemented too. At any time a low level applied on STROBE sets the circuit into state 6, after the current byte is fully transmitted. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... For all states: At any time, a low level applied on RESETB for more than one Ts forces the state machine to state 1. When the transition condition from one state to the next one is fulfilled, the transition time is one Ts except reaching state 6. The transition time for reaching state 6 is 2 × Ts (+ time needed to shift out a full byte if STROBE pin is forced to low when in state 10). STROBE OSCILLATOR The Strobe Oscillator is a relaxation oscillator in which an external capacitor C5 is charged by an external resistance R2 (refer to figure 17 and table 11). When a threshold is reached or exceeded C5 is discharged and the cycle restarts. The period is: TStrobe=0.12 × R2 × C5. The circuit may be forced into states 0b, 3, 7 etc. (see State Machine Diagrams) by setting the STROBE pin to VCC. As VCC is above the oscillator threshold voltage referred to in the previous paragraph, the condition in which the STROBE pin is set to VCC is internally detected and the oscillator pull-down circuitry disabled to limit the current which must be supplied. © Motorola, Inc., 2002. MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 16 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required State 11: If data are received after a End of Message they are output on the MOSI pin without clock recovery. MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. . ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Unless otherwise specified, VCC=[4.5V;5.5V], operating temperature range TA=[-40°C;+105°C]. Values refer to the circuit in recommended in the application schematic (see figure 17), unless otherwise specified. Typical values reflect average measurement at VCC=5V, TA=25°C, using MC33594 (500kHz IF bandwidth). Limits Parameter Test Conditions, Comments Typ. Max. General Parameters 1.1 Mean Supply Current 315 & 434MHz bands, Strobe Ratio=7, PG=0, see note 1 - 815 1100 µA 1.3 Supply Current in Run & Configuration Modes 315 & 434MHz bands, PG=0 - 5.7 7.4 mA Strobe oscillator enabled - 115 250 µA Strobe oscillator disabled - 90 200 µA 315 & 434MHz bands, PG=1 - 5.4 7.0 mA Circuit ready to receive, OOK modulation - 1.0 1.8 ms Circuit ready to receive, FSK modulation, fdata is the data rate in kBd - 0.7 + 3/ fdata 1.4 + 3/ fdata ms Measured between falling edge on STROBE and supply current reduced to 10% - 0.1 - ms 1.5 1.6 1.7 Supply Current in Sleep Mode Supply Current in Run & Configuration Modes 1.9 Sleep Mode to Run Mode Delay 1.10 1.11 Run Mode to Sleep Mode Delay Note 1: If IRun and ISleep are the supply currents in Run and Sleep modes and SR is the Strobe Oscillator Ratio, the Mean Supply Current IMean is given by: IMean=(IRun + SR × ISleep) / (SR + 1). © Motorola, Inc., 2002. MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 17 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 1 Unit Min. MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Unless otherwise specified, VCC=[4.5V;5.5V], operating temperature range TA=[-40°C;+105°C]. Values refer to the circuit in recommended in the application schematic (see figure 17), unless otherwise specified. Typical values reflect average measurement at VCC=5V, TA=25°C, using MC33594 (500kHz IF bandwidth). Limits Parameter Test Conditions, Comments Unit Min. Max. RF Parameters General and Front End parameters assume a 50Ω resistor in parallel with the D.U.T. except where the use of a matching network is specified. 2.1.1 Sensitivity in OOK at nominal transmitter center frequency DME=0, with matching network, see notes 2, 3, 5, 6 - -105 -96 dBm 2.1.3 "" DME=0, see notes 2, 3, 6 - -96 -87 dBm DME=0, with matching network, see notes 2, 3, 5, 6 - -105 -98 dBm DME=0, see notes 2, 3, 6 - -96 -89 dBm DME=0, with matching network, see notes 3, 5, 6 - -105 -99 dBm DME=1, with matching network, see notes 4, 5, 6 - -103 -97 dBm DME=0, see notes 3, 6 - -96 -90 dBm 2.3.4 DME=1, see notes 4, 6 - -94 -88 dBm 2.6.1 Transmitter frequency shift at +/-40kHz 500kHz IF bandwidth DME=1, see notes 4, 6 - - -86 dBm Transmitter frequency shift at +/-80kHz 500kHz IF bandwidth DME=1, see notes 4, 6 - - -84 dBm 500kHz IF bandwidth, see note 7 -6 - 6 dB 315MHz band 17 25 - dB 434MHz band 20 29 - dB 315 MHz band, measured at MIXOUT, min. value for 2 pairs of frequencies (MHz): (340.00, 365.00), (500.00, 685.00) - -17 - dBm 434MHz band, measured at MIXOUT, min. value for 2 pairs of frequencies (MHz): (455.00, 476.08), (550.00, 666.08) - -19 - dBm OOK modulation, TX modulation depth: 97.5% - -14 - dBm 2.2.1 Sensitivity in OOK at nominal transmitter center frequency Operating temperature range -20°C to +85°C 2.2.3 "" 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 Sensitivity in FSK at nominal transmitter center frequency Sensitivity in FSK 2.6.2 2.8.2 2.9 2.10 Variation of DMDAT level, FSK modulation Image Frequency Rejection 2.12 IP3 2.13 2.15 Max. Detectable Input Signal Level of a NRZ 1 © Motorola, Inc., 2002. MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 18 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 2 Typ. MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Unless otherwise specified, VCC=[4.5V;5.5V], operating temperature range TA=[-40°C;+105°C]. Values refer to the circuit in recommended in the application schematic (see figure 17), unless otherwise specified. Typical values reflect average measurement at VCC=5V, TA=25°C, using MC33594 (500kHz IF bandwidth). Limits 2.27 2.28 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 2.29 Test Conditions, Comments Out-of-Band Jammer desensitization for OOK & FSK modulation 434MHz band, PG=1, sensitivity reduced by 6dB 2.39 In-Band Jammer desensitization 434MHz band sensitivity reduced by 6dB 2.40 2.43 2.44 2.46 2.47 Input Impedance: // Resistance Input Impedance: // Capacitance Unit Min. Typ. Max. CW jammer at RF ±500kHz, see note 4 - 16 - dBc CW jammer at RF ±1MHz, see note 4 - 24 - dBc CW jammer at RF ±2MHz, see note 4 - 33 - dBc OOK modulation, CW jammer at RF ±50kHz, see note 4 - -10 - dBc FSK modulation, ±35kHz deviation, CW jammer at RF ±50kHz, see note 4 - -7 - dBc 315MHz, level on RFIN ≤ -50dBm - 1.1 - kΩ 434MHz, level on RFIN ≤ -50dBm - 1.1 - kΩ 315MHz band - 1.4 - pF 434MHz band - 1.4 - pF 2.51 Mixer Conversion Gain 315 & 434MHz bands, from RFIN to MIXOUT - 48 - dB 2.53 Mixer Gain Reduction 315 & 434MHz bands, when setting MG=1 - 18 - dB 2.55 Mixer Input Gain reduced by 1dB 315 & 434MHz bands - -49 - dBm 2.57 Mixer AGC Settling Time RF rise time < 400ns, 10 to 90% rise time - 4 - µs 2.58 Mixer AGC Gain Decay Rate - 5 - dB/ms © Motorola, Inc., 2002. MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 19 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required Parameter MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Unless otherwise specified, VCC=[4.5V;5.5V], operating temperature range TA=[-40°C;+105°C]. Values refer to the circuit in recommended in the application schematic (see figure 17), unless otherwise specified. Typical values reflect average measurement at VCC=5V, TA=25°C, using MC33594 (500kHz IF bandwidth). Limits Parameter 2.59 Test Conditions, Comments Unit 315 & 434MHz bands, at matching network input, see note 5 Local Oscillator Leakage Min. Typ. Max. - -102 -70 dBm Note 2: OOK Sensitivity vs Temperature characteristic (shown for parameters 2.1.4 & 2.2.4) -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... -80 -81 -82 -83 -84 -85 -86 Typ. Max -87 -88 -89 -90 -91 -92 -93 -94 -95 Parameters 2.1.1 to 2.1.3 and 2.2.1 to 2.2.3 characteristics vs temperature are similar. © Motorola, Inc., 2002. MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 20 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required Temperature (°C) MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Unless otherwise specified, VCC=[4.5V;5.5V], operating temperature range TA=[-40°C;+105°C]. Values refer to the circuit in recommended in the application schematic (see figure 17), unless otherwise specified. Typical values reflect average measurement at VCC=5V, TA=25°C, using MC33594 (500kHz IF bandwidth). Limits Parameter Test Conditions, Comments Unit Min. Typ. Max. Note 4: Sensitivity measurement method with Data Manager enabled (DME=1, HE=0, MOD=1) A complete telegram (4.8kBd, FSK modulation deviation: 35kHz, 50% duty cycle) including preamble, ID word and data (80 random bits without Header) is applied at RFIN. The sensitivity is defined as the lowest input level during an NRZ one necessary to achieve 0 Bit Error Rate (BER). Note 5: 50Ω matching networks 434MHz band: C1=1.5pF, C2=100pF, L1=68nH. Tolerances: +/-10% for capacitances; +/-2% for inductor Note 6: Sensitivity measurement conditions * OOK & FSK Modulation (+/-35kHz) at 4.8kBd (50% duty cycle) * 315MHz & 434MHz bands (500kHz IF bandwidth) * Performances include receiver crystal tolerance of +/-80ppm over temperature range i.e. +/-35kHz @ 434MHz Note 7: FSK variation measurement conditions A frequency modulated signal, carrier = 660kHz with ±35kHz deviation is injected at MIXOUT Measure the DMDAT voltage swing at 660kHz, this will be DMDAT(Ref) in actual temperature/Vcc conditions Measure the DMDAT voltage swing from - Freq[1] = 660kHz - 120kHz to Freq[2] = 660kHz + 120kHz DMDAT(Ref) / DMDAT(Freq[x]) is measured over the whole range Freq[1] to Freq[2] © Motorola, Inc., 2002. MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 21 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Note 3: Sensitivity measurement method with Data Manager disabled (DME=0) A continuous Manchester coded 0 sequence (4.8kBd, OOK modulation depth: 100%, FSK modulation deviation: 35kHz, 50% duty cycle) is applied at RFIN. The mean value of the frequency of the output signal on MOSI is measured over 200 cycles. The sensitivity is defined as the lowest input level during an NRZ one corresponding to a mean output frequency deviation lower than 5% of the expected data rate. MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Unless otherwise specified, VCC=[4.5V;5.5V], operating temperature range TA=[-40°C;+105°C]. Values refer to the circuit in recommended in the application schematic (see figure 17), unless otherwise specified. Typical values reflect average measurement at VCC=5V, TA=25°C, using MC33594 (500kHz IF bandwidth). Limits Parameter Test Conditions, Comments Unit Min. Max. 3.2 IF High Cut Off Frequency at -3dB IF bandwidth: 500kHz 850 940 - kHz 3.4 IF Low Cut Off Frequency at -3dB IF bandwidth: 500kHz - 460 520 kHz 3.7 IF Cut Off Low Freq. at -30dB - 290 - kHz 3.8 IF Cut Off High Freq. at -30dB - 1260 - kHz 3.10 IF Bandwidth at -3dB IF bandwidth: 500kHz - 480 580 kHz 3.12 Total filter gain variation within -3dB Bandwidth IF bandwidth: 500kHz -3 - 3 dB 3.13 IF Amplifier Gain From MIXOUT to DMDAT - 55 - dB 3.14 IF AGC Dynamic Range - 55 - dB 3.15 IF AGC Gain Decay Rate - 2.5 - dB/ms 3.16 IF Amplifier AGC Settling Time - 75 200 µs 3.17 Detector Output Signal Amplitude OOK modulation, measured at DMDAT - 260 - mVpk-pk 3.19 Carrier Deviation FSK modulation, IF bandwidth 500kHz ±35 - ±80 kHz © Motorola, Inc., 2002. IF bandwidth: 500kHz OOK modulation MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 22 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required IF filter, IF Amplifier, FM to AM Converter and Envelope Detector The IF filter operates at approximately 660kHz. 3 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Typ. MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Unless otherwise specified, VCC=[4.5V;5.5V], operating temperature range TA=[-40°C;+105°C]. Values refer to the circuit in recommended in the application schematic (see figure 17), unless otherwise specified. Typical values reflect average measurement at VCC=5V, TA=25°C, using MC33594 (500kHz IF bandwidth). Limits Parameter Test Conditions, Comments Typ. Max. - - 200 Ω OOK and FSK modulations, DME=0 1 - 11 kHz DR1=0, DR0=0, 1200 bauds 51 73 102 µs DR1=0, DR0=1, 2400 bauds 30 42 57 µs DR1=1, DR0=0, 4800 bauds 19 25 34 µs 5.5 DR1=1, DR0=1, 9600 bauds 12 16 22 µs 5.6 DR1=0, DR0=0 1.0 - 1.4 kBd DR1=0, DR0=1 2 - 2.7 kBd DR1=1, DR0=0 4 - 5.3 kBd DR1=1, DR0=1 8.6 - 10.6 kBd Pins MOSI, SCLK, RESETB 0 - 0.3 × VCC V 0.7 × VCC - VCC V - 2 - µA 0 0.02 0.2 × VCC V 0.8 × VCC 4.97 VCC V - - 100 ns 0 - 0.5 V 4.4 - VCC V 4.1 PLL Divider & Crystal Oscillator Maximum Crystal Series Resistance 5 5.1 Data Filter & Slicer, Data Manager, SPI Data Frequency 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.7 5.8 Low pass filter delay 2nd order Butterworth response Data Rate Range for Clock Recovery 5.9 5.10 Input Low Voltage 5.11 Input High Voltage 5.13 Input Pull Down Current 5.14 Output Low Voltage 5.15 Output High Voltage 5.16 Fall/Rise Time 5.17 Input Low Voltage 5.18 Input High Voltage 5.19 Input Pull Down Current Pin STROBE used as digital input, VIN=VCC - - 50 µA 5.20 SPI data rate On MOSI, MISO & SCLK, SPI master or slave, see note 8 - - 310 kBd 5.21 SPI interface source current VOH=0.8 × VCC 60 170 - µA 5.22 SPI interface sink current VOL=0.2 × VCC 60 220 - µA Pins MOSI, SCLK, RESETB, VIN=VCC Pins MOSI, MISO, SCLK, |ILOAD| =10µA Pins MOSI, MISO, SCLK, CLOAD = 5pF, from 10% to 90% of the output swing Pin STROBE used as digital input MOSI, MISO, SCLK pins Note 8: As well as the state machine, the SPI interface is synchronized by a sampling clock at 615kHz derivated from the crystal oscillator. The maximum speed is then half this synchronization clock. © Motorola, Inc., 2002. MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 23 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required 4 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Unit Min. MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Unless otherwise specified, VCC=[4.5V;5.5V], operating temperature range TA=[-40°C;+105°C]. Values refer to the circuit in recommended in the application schematic (see figure 17), unless otherwise specified. Typical values reflect average measurement at VCC=5V, TA=25°C, using MC33594 (500kHz IF bandwidth). Limits Parameter Test Conditions, Comments Typ. Max. 2 3.8 87 ms - 68 330 nF - 470 2200 kΩ -5 - 5 % - 0.05 - %/°C - 0.2 - - - 6 - kΩ - 1.0 - V - 0.45 - V Strobe Oscillator (SOE=1) 6.1 Strobe Oscillator Period (TStrobe) Range 6.9 External Capacitor (C5) 6.10 External Resistor (R2) 6.2 Strobe Oscillator Period Accuracy 6.3 Strobe Oscillator Period Temperature Coefficient 6.4 Strobe Oscillator Period Supply Voltage Coefficient 6.5 Sink Output Resistance 6.7 High Threshold Voltage 6.8 Low Threshold Voltage © Motorola, Inc., 2002. TStrobe=0.12 × R2 × C5, see figure 17 TJ=25°C, VCC=5V, external components R2 & C5 fixed (∆TStrobe/TStrobe)/(∆VCC/VCC) Pin STROBE MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 24 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 6 Unit Min. MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. APPLICATION SCHEMATIC Non Disclosure Agreement Required Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Figure 17: Application schematic MC33594 Component description: see tables 11, 13 and 13. © Motorola, Inc., 2002. MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 25 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Q R1 R2 C1 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 Table 11: Component description Function Value 315MHz band: 9.864375 Reference oscillator crystal 434MHz band: 13.580625 Current reference resistor 180 ± 1% Strobe oscillator resistor 470 Crystal load capacitor 10 - OOK modulation 100 ± 10% IF amplifier AGC capacitor - FSK modulation See table 13 Low pass filter capacitor AFC capacitor 100 ± 10% Mixer AGC capacitor 10 ± 10% Strobe oscillator capacitor 68 100 Power supply 100 decoupling capacitor 1 Crystal DC 10 decoupling capacitor Unit MHz MHz kΩ kΩ pF nF pF nF nF nF pF nF nF R2 and C5 values correspond to a strobe oscillator period TStrobe=3.8ms. Exemples of crystal references are given below Table 12: Typical crystal characteristics (SMD package) NDK LN-G102-952 NDK LN-G102-877 Parameter (for 315MHz) (for 434MHz) Crystal frequency 9.864375 13.580625 Load capacitance 12 12 Motional capacitance 3.71 4.81 Static capacitance 1.22 1.36 Max loss resistance 100 50 Unit MHz pF fF pF Ω CAGC capacitor is data rate related in FSK modulation. C2 © Motorola, Inc., 2002. Table 13: C2 value versus data rate in FSK modulation Data Rate 1.2 2.4 4.8 9.6 100 ± 10% 47 ± 10% 22 ± 10% 12/10 ± 10% MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 26 Go to: www.freescale.com Unit kBd nF revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Non Disclosure Agreement Required Component MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Non Disclosure Agreement Required CASE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS © Motorola, Inc., 2002. MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTORS PRODUCTS For More Information On This Product, 27 Go to: www.freescale.com revision 1.1, 5 February 2002 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... MC33594 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in Motorola data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. Motorola does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Motorola products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the Motorola product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use Motorola products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold Motorola and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that Motorola was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. Motorola and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Motorola, Inc. is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2002 HOW TO REACH US: USA/EUROPE/LOCATIONS NOT LISTED: Motorola Literature Distribution: P.O. Box 5405, Denver, Colorado 80217. 1-303-675-2140 or 1-800-441-2447 JAPAN: Motorola Japan Ltd.; SPS, Technical Information Center, 3-20-1 Minami-Azabu. Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8573 Japan. 81-3-3440-3569 ASIA/PACIFIC: Motorola Semiconductors H.K. Ltd.; Silicon Harbour Centre, 2 Dai King Street, Tai Po Industrial Estate, Tao Po, N.T., Hong Kong. 852-26668334 TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER: 1-800-521-6274 HOME PAGE: http://motorola.com/semiconductors/ For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MC33594/D