Intersil ISL62871HRUZ-T Pwm dc/dc controller with vid inputs for portable gpu core-voltage regulator Datasheet

ISL62871, ISL62872
¬
Data Sheet
August 14, 2008
PWM DC/DC Controller With VID Inputs
For Portable GPU Core-Voltage Regulator
The ISL62871 and ISL62872 IC’s are Single-Phase
Synchronous-Buck PWM voltage regulators featuring
Intersil’s Robust Ripple Regulator (R3) Technology™. The
wide 3.3V to 25V input voltage range is ideal for systems
that run on battery or AC-adapter power sources. The
ISL62871 and ISL62872 are low-cost solutions for
applications requiring dynamically selected slew-rate
controlled output voltages. The soft-start and dynamic
setpoint slew-rates are capacitor programmed. Voltage
identification logic-inputs select two (ISL62871) or four
(ISL62872) resistor-programmed setpoint reference voltages
that directly set the output voltage of the converter between
0.5V to 1.5V, and up to 3.3V using a feedback voltage
divider. Optionally, an external reference such as the DAC
output from a microcontroller, can be used by either IC to
program the setpoint reference voltage, and still maintain the
controlled slew-rate features. Robust integrated MOSFET
drivers and Schottky bootstrap diode reduce the
implementation area and lower component cost.
Intersil’s R3 Technology™ combines the best features of
both fixed-frequency and hysteretic PWM control. The PWM
frequency is 300kHz during static operation, becoming
variable during changes in load, setpoint voltage, and input
voltage when changing between battery and AC-adapter
power. The modulators ability to change the PWM switching
frequency during these events in conjunction with external
loop compensation produces superior transient response.
For maximum efficiency, the converter automatically enters
diode-emulation mode (DEM) during light-load conditions
such as system standby.
FN6707.0
Features
• Input Voltage Range: 3.3V to 25V
• Output Voltage Range: 0.5V to 3.3V
• Output Load up to 30A
• Extremely Flexible Output Voltage Programmability
- 2-Bit VID (ISL62872) Selects Four Independent
Setpoint Voltages
- 1-Bit VID (ISL62871) Selects Two Independent Setpoint
Voltages
- Simple Resistor Programming of Setpoint Voltages
- Accepts External Setpoint Reference Such as DAC
• ±0.75% System Accuracy: -10°C to +100°C
• One Capacitor Programs Soft-start and Setpoint Slew-rate
• Fixed 300kHz PWM Frequency in Continuous Conduction
• External Compensation Affords Optimum Control Loop
Tuning
• Automatic Diode Emulation Mode for Highest Efficiency
• Integrated High-current MOSFET Drivers and Schottky
Boot-Strap Diode for Optimal Efficiency
• Choice of Overcurrent Detection Schemes
- Lossless Inductor DCR Current Sensing
- Precision Resistive Current Sensing
• Power-Good Monitor for Soft-Start and Fault Detection
• Fault Protection
- Undervoltage
- Overvoltage
- Overcurrent (DCR-Sense or Resistive-Sense
Capability)
- Over-Temperature Protection
- Fault Identification by PGOOD Pull-Down Resistance
• Pb-Free (RoHS compliant)
Applications
• Mobile PC Graphical Processing Unit VCC rail
• Mobile PC I/O Controller Hub (ICH) VCC rail
• Mobile PC Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) VCC rail
• Built-in voltage margin for system-level test
1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2008. All Rights Reserved
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
ISL62871, ISL62872
Pinouts
GND 1
16 PHASE
VID0 6
15 NC
SET0 8
13 VO
SET1 9
12 FB
PGOOD 11
14 OCSET
SET2 10
SREF 7
11 UGATE
VID0 3
10 PHASE
SREF 4
9 OCSET
VO 8
VID1 5
EN 2
FB 7
17 UGATE
PGOOD 6
EN 4
12 BOOT
SET0 5
18 BOOT
GND 3
13 VCC
19 VCC
14 PVCC
16 PGND
20 PVCC
1 LGATE
PGND 2
15 LGATE
ISL62871
(16 LD 2.6X1.8 µTQFN)
TOP VIEW
ISL62872
(20 LD 3.2X1.8 µTQFN)
TOP VIEW
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER
(Note)
PART
MARKING
TEMP RANGE
(°C)
PACKAGE
(Pb-Free)
PKG.
DWG. #
ISL62872HRUZ
GAN
-10 to +100
20 Ld 3.2x1.8 µTQFN
L20.3.2x1.8
ISL62872HRUZ -T*
GAN
-10 to +100
20 Ld 3.2x1.8 µTQFN
L20.3.2x1.8
ISL62871HRUZ
GAM
-10 to +100
16 Ld 2.6x1.8 µTQFN
L16.2.6x1.8A
ISL62871HRUZ -T*
GAM
-10 to +100
16 Ld 2.6x1.8 µTQFN
L16.2.6x1.8A
*Please refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications.
NOTE: These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and
NiPdAu plate - e4 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil Pb-free
products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
2
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
Block Diagram
EN
VCC
100kΩ
POR
PWM
DRIVER
3
−
EA
+
FB
VW
VCOMP
BOOT
RUN
RUN
FAULT
H
L
IN
UGATE
PHASE
SHOOT-THROUGH
PROTECTION
OTP
PVCC
PWM
RUN
LGATE
DRIVER
100pF
PGND
gmVIN
+
ISL62871, ISL62872
VCC
+
−
VSET
−
Cr
VR
SW0
+
SREF
SW1
SET0
gmVO
SW2
−
*SET1
SW3
*SET2
−
OVP
+
*VID1
−
OCP
+
VID DECODER
VID0
FB
*ISL62872 ONLY
EXT
VREF
GND
INT
SW4
−
UVP
+
FAULT
500mV
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
FIGURE 1. SIMPLIFIED FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ISL62872, ISL62871
VO
OCSET
IOCSET
10µF
PGOOD
ISL62871, ISL62872
Application Schematics
RVCC
SREF
SET0
5
16
6
15
7
14
8
13
9
RSET2
RSET3
RSET4
CSOFT
RSET1
PVCC
17
SET2
SET1
4
12
QHS
BOOT
UGATE
LO
PHASE
QLS
NC
OCSET
CBOOT
VO
COB
COCSET
FB
RO
RCOMP
VCC
GPIO
VOUT
0.5V TO 3.3V
COC
ROCSET
VID0
18
CINB
VCC
CCOMP
RFB
ROFS
GPIO
19
11
VID1
CINC
3
PGOOD
EN
2
CVCC
RPGOOD
GND
10
PGND
VIN
3.3V TO 25V
20
CPVCC
1
LGATE
+5V
FIGURE 2. ISL62872 APPLICATION SCHEMATIC WITH FOUR OUTPUT VOLTAGE SETPOINTS AND DCR CURRENT SENSE
RVCC
SREF
SET0
RSET2
5
16
6
15
7
14
8
13
9
RSET3
RSET4
CSOFT
RSET1
PVCC
17
SET2
SET1
4
12
QHS
BOOT
UGATE
LO
RSNS
PHASE
QLS
NC
OCSET
ROCSET
VID0
18
CINB
VCC
CBOOT
VO
FB
RCOMP
VCC
GPIO
VOUT
0.5V TO 3.3V
COC
COB
COCSET
RO
ROFS
GPIO
19
11
VID1
CINC
3
PGOOD
EN
2
CVCC
RPGOOD
GND
10
PGND
VIN
3.3V TO 25V
20
CPVCC
1
LGATE
+5V
CCOMP
RFB
FIGURE 3. ISL62872 APPLICATION SCHEMATIC WITH FOUR OUTPUT VOLTAGE SETPOINTS AND RESISTOR CURRENT SENSE
4
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
Application Schematics (Continued)
RVCC
+5V
CPVCC
CVCC
VCC
13
9
QLS
OCSET
CBOOT
COC
COB
COCSET
VO
SET0
VOUT
0.5V TO 3.3V
LO
PHASE
8
4
UGATE
ROCSET
PVCC
14
10
7
3
RO
RCOMP
ROFS
RPGOOD
VCC
CINB
QHS
BOOT
RSET2
CSOFT
RSET1
LGATE
11
5
SREF
2
FB
VID0
12
6
EN
GPIO
CINC
1
PGOOD
GND
15
16
PGND
VIN
3.3V TO 25V
CCOMP
RFB
GPIO
FIGURE 4. ISL62871 APPLICATION SCHEMATIC WITH TWO OUTPUT VOLTAGE SETPOINTS AND DCR CURRENT SENSE
RVCC
+5V
VCC
QHS
BOOT
UGATE
LO
RSNS
PHASE
QLS
OCSET
ROCSET
9
CBOOT
VO
FB
CINB
13
4
8
10
7
3
SET0
VOUT
0.5V TO 3.3V
COC
COB
COCSET
RO
RCOMP
ROFS
RPGOOD
VCC
PVCC
11
RSET2
CSOFT
RSET1
14
2
5
SREF
CINC
12
6
VID0
VIN
3.3V TO 25V
1
PGOOD
EN
GPIO
15
16
GND
LGATE
CVCC
PGND
CPVCC
CCOMP
RFB
GPIO
FIGURE 5. ISL62871 APPLICATION SCHEMATIC WITH TWO OUTPUT VOLTAGE SETPOINTS AND RESISTOR CURRENT SENSE
5
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
Application Schematics (Continued)
RVCC
EXT_REF
CSOFT
SREF
SET0
SET1
4
17
5
16
6
15
7
14
8
13
9
QHS
BOOT
UGATE
LO
PHASE
QLS
NC
CBOOT
OCSET
VO
FB
VOUT
0.5V TO 3.3V
COC
COB
COCSET
RO
RCOMP
GPIO
CCOMP
RFB
ROFS
RPGOOD
SET2
VCC
12
CINB
VCC
ROCSET
VID0
18
11
VID1
19
3
10
EN
GPIO
CINC
20
2
GND
CVCC
PGOOD
PGND
1
CPVCC
VIN
3.3V TO 25V
PVCC
LGATE
+5V
FIGURE 6. ISL62872 APPLICATION SCHEMATIC WITH EXTERNAL REFERENCE INPUT AND DCR CURRENT SENSE
RVCC
+5V
VCC
UGATE
LO
PHASE
QLS
OCSET
ROCSET
9
CBOOT
VO
8
4
QHS
BOOT
ROFS
RPGOOD
VOUT
0.5V TO 3.3V
COC
COB
COCSET
RO
RCOMP
GPIO
CINB
13
14
10
7
3
SET0
VCC
PVCC
11
5
CSOFT
SREF
2
FB
EXT_REF
CINC
12
6
VID0
15
16
EN
GPIO
VIN
3.3V TO 25V
1
PGOOD
GND
LGATE
CVCC
PGND
CPVCC
CCOMP
RFB
FIGURE 7. ISL62871 APPLICATION SCHEMATIC WITH EXTERNAL REFERENCE INPUT AND DCR CURRENT SENSE
6
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Information
VCC, PVCC, PGOOD to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +7.0V
VCC, PVCC to PGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +7.0V
GND to PGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +0.3V
EN, SET0, SET1, SET2, VO,
VID0, VID1, FB, OCSET, SREF. . . . . . . -0.3V to GND, VCC + 0.3V
BOOT Voltage (VBOOT-GND). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 33V
BOOT To PHASE Voltage (VBOOT-PHASE) . . . . . . -0.3V to 7V (DC)
-0.3V to 9V (<10ns)
PHASE Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to 28V
GND -8V (<20ns Pulse Width, 10µJ)
UGATE Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VPHASE - 0.3V (DC) to VBOOT
VPHASE - 5V (<20ns Pulse Width, 10µJ) to VBOOT
LGATE Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V (DC) to VCC + 0.3V
GND - 2.5V (<20ns Pulse Width, 5µJ) to VCC + 0.3V
Thermal Resistance (Typical, Note 1)
θJA (°C/W)
20 Ld µTQFN Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
16 Ld µTQFN Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
Junction Temperature Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-55°C to +150°C
Operating Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-10°C to +100°C
Storage Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C
Pb-free Reflow Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see link below
http://www.intersil.com/pbfree/Pb-FreeReflow.asp
Recommended Operating Conditions
Ambient Temperature Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-10°C to +100°C
Converter Input Voltage to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3V to 25V
VCC, PVCC to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5V ±5%
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product reliability and
result in failures not covered by warranty.
NOTES:
1. θJA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See
Tech Brief TB379.
Electrical Specifications
These specifications apply for TA = -10°C to +100°C, unless otherwise stated.
All typical specifications TA = +25°C, VCC = 5V. Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at
+25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established by characterization and are not production
tested.
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
EN = 5V, VCC = 5V, FB = 0.55V, SREF<FB
-
1.1
1.5
mA
EN = GND, VCC = 5V
-
0.1
1.0
µA
EN = GND, PVCC = 5V
-
0.1
1.0
µA
VCC and PVCC
VCC Input Bias Current
IVCC
VCC Shutdown Current
IVCCoff
PVCC Shutdown Current
IPVCCoff
VCC POR THRESHOLD
Rising VCC POR Threshold Voltage
VVCC_THR
4.40
4.49
4.60
V
Falling VCC POR Threshold Voltage
V
4.10
4.22
4.35
V
-
0.50
-
V
-0.75
-
+0.75
%
270
300
330
kHz
0
-
3.6
V
VCC_THF
REGULATION
Reference Voltage
VREF(int)
System Accuracy
VID0 = VID1 = GND, PWM Mode = CCM
PWM
Switching Frequency
FSW
PWM Mode = CCM
VO
VO Input Voltage Range
VVO
EN = 5V
-
600
-
kΩ
VO Reference Offset Current
IVOSS
VENTHR < EN, SREF = Soft-Start Mode
-
10
-
µA
VO Input Leakage Current
IVOoff
EN = GND, VO = 3.6V
-
.1
-
µA
EN = 5V, FB = 0.50V
-20
-
+50
nA
Nominal SREF Setting With 1% Resistors
0.5
-
1.5
V
VO Input Impedance
RVO
ERROR AMPLIFIER
FB Input Bias Current
IFB
SREF
SREF Operating Voltage Range
VSREF
Soft-Start Current
ISS
SREF = Soft-Start Mode
10
20
30
µA
Voltage Step Current
IVS
SREF = Setpoint-Stepping Mode
±60
±100
±140
µA
7
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
Electrical Specifications
These specifications apply for TA = -10°C to +100°C, unless otherwise stated.
All typical specifications TA = +25°C, VCC = 5V. Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at
+25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established by characterization and are not production
tested. (Continued)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
EXTERNAL REFERENCE
EXTREF Operating Voltage Range
VEXT
SET0 = VCC
VEXT_OFS SET0 = VCC, VID0 = 0V to 1.5V
EXTREF Accuracy
0
-
1.5
V
-0.5
-
+0.5
%
POWER GOOD
PGOOD Pull-down Impedance
PGOOD Leakage Current
RPG_SS
PGOOD = 5mA Sink
75
95
150
Ω
RPG_UV
PGOOD = 5mA Sink
75
95
150
Ω
RPG_OV
PGOOD = 5mA Sink
50
65
90
Ω
RPG_OC
PGOOD = 5mA Sink
25
35
50
Ω
-
0.1
1.0
µA
-
5.0
-
mA
IPG
PGOOD Maximum Sink Current (Note 2)
PGOOD = 5V
IPG_max
GATE DRIVER
UGATE Pull-Up Resistance (Note 2)
RUGPU
200mA Source Current
-
1.0
1.5
Ω
UGATE Source Current (Note 2)
IUGSRC
UGATE - PHASE = 2.5V
-
2.0
-
A
UGATE Sink Resistance (Note 2)
RUGPD
250mA Sink Current
-
1.0
1.5
Ω
UGATE Sink Current (Note 2)
IUGSNK
UGATE - PHASE = 2.5V
-
2.0
-
A
LGATE Pull-Up Resistance (Note 2)
RLGPU
250mA Source Current
-
1.0
1.5
Ω
LGATE Source Current (Note 2)
ILGSRC
LGATE - GND = 2.5V
-
2.0
-
A
LGATE Sink Resistance (Note 2)
RLGPD
250mA Sink Current
-
0.5
0.9
Ω
LGATE Sink Current (Note 2)
ILGSNK
LGATE - PGND = 2.5V
-
4.0
-
A
UGATE to LGATE Deadtime
tUGFLGR
UGATE falling to LGATE rising, no load
-
21
-
ns
LGATE to UGATE Deadtime
tLGFUGR
LGATE falling to UGATE rising, no load
-
21
-
ns
-
33
-
kΩ
PHASE
PHASE Input Impedance
RPHASE
BOOTSTRAP DIODE
Forward Voltage
VF
PVCC = 5V, IF = 2mA
-
0.58
-
V
Reverse Leakage
IR
VR = 25V
-
0.2
-
µA
CONTROL INPUTS
EN High Threshold Voltage
VENTHR
2.0
-
-
V
EN Low Threshold Voltage
VENTHF
-
-
1.0
V
1.5
2.0
2.5
µA
-
0.1
1.0
µA
EN Input Bias Current
IEN
EN Leakage Current
IENoff
EN = 5V
EN = GND
VID<0,1> High Threshold Voltage
VVIDTHR
0.6
-
-
V
VID<0,1> Low Threshold Voltage
VVIDTHF
-
-
0.5
V
VID<0,1> Input Bias Current
IVID
VID<0,1> Leakage Current
EN = 5V, VVID = 1V
IVIDoff
-
0.5
-
µA
-
0
-
µA
-1.75
-
1.75
mV
PROTECTION
OCP Threshold Voltage
VOCPTH
VOCSET - VO
OCP Reference Current
IOCP
EN = 5.0V
9.0
10
11
µA
OCSET Input Resistance
ROCSET
EN = 5.0V
-
600
-
kΩ
OCSET Leakage Current
IOCSET
EN = GND
-
0
-
µA
UVP Threshold Voltage
VUVTH
VFB = %VSREF
81
84
87
%
8
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
Electrical Specifications
These specifications apply for TA = -10°C to +100°C, unless otherwise stated.
All typical specifications TA = +25°C, VCC = 5V. Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at
+25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established by characterization and are not production
tested. (Continued)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
%
OVP Rising Threshold Voltage
VOVRTH
VFB = %VSREF
113
116
120
OVP Falling Threshold Voltage
VOVFTH
VFB = %VSREF
100
102
106
%
OTP Rising Threshold Temperature
(Note 2)
TOTRTH
-
150
-
°C
OTP Hysteresis (Note 2)
TOTHYS
-
25
-
°C
NOTE:
2. Limits established by characterization and are not production tested.
ISL62872 Functional Pin Descriptions
SET2 (Pin 10)
LGATE (Pin 1)
Voltage set-point programming resistor input. See Figure 8
on page 12 for resistor connection.
Low-side MOSFET gate driver output. Connect to the gate
terminal of the low-side MOSFET of the converter.
PGOOD (Pin 11)
GND (Pin 3)
Power-good open-drain indicator output. This pin changes to
high impedance when the converter is able to supply
regulated voltage. The pull-down resistance between the
PGOOD pin and the GND pin identifies which protective fault
has shut down the regulator. See Table 3 on page 16.
IC ground for bias supply and signal reference.
FB (Pin 12)
EN (Pin 4)
Voltage feedback sense input. Connects internally to the
inverting input of the control-loop error amplifier. The
converter is in regulation when the voltage at the FB pin
equals the voltage on the SREF pin. The control loop
compensation network connects between the FB pin and the
converter output. See Figure 13 on page 17.
PGND (Pin 2)
Return current path for the LGATE MOSFET driver. Connect
to the source of the low-side MOSFET.
Enable input for the IC. Pulling EN above the VENTHR rising
threshold voltage initializes the soft-start sequence.
VID1 (Pin 5)
Logic input for setpoint voltage selector. Use in conjunction
with the VID0 pin to select among four setpoint reference
voltages.
VID0 (Pin 6)
Logic input for setpoint voltage selector. Use in conjunction
with the VID1 pin to select among four setpoint reference
voltages. External reference input when enabled by
connecting the SET0 pin to the VCC pin.
SREF (Pin 7)
VO (Pin 13)
Output voltage sense input for the R3 modulator. The VO pin
also serves as the reference input for the overcurrent
detection circuit. See Figure 10 on page 14.
OCSET (Pin 14)
Input for the overcurrent detection circuit. The overcurrent
setpoint programming resistor ROCSET connects from this
pin to the sense node. See Figure 10 on page 14.
Soft-start and voltage slew-rate programming capacitor
input. Setpoint reference voltage programming resistor input.
Connects internally to the inverting input of the VSET voltage
setpoint amplifier. See Figure 8 page 12 for capacitor and
resistor connections.
NC (Pin 15)
SET0 (Pin 8)
Return current path for the UGATE high-side MOSFET
driver. VIN sense input for the R3 modulator. Inductor current
polarity detector input. Connect to junction of output inductor,
high-side MOSFET, and low-side MOSFET. See Figures 2
and 3 on page 4.
Voltage set-point programming resistor input. See Figure 8
on page 12 for resistor connection.
SET1 (Pin 9)
Voltage set-point programming resistor input. See Figure 8
on page 12 for resistor connection.
9
No internal connection. Pin 15 should be connected to the
GND pin.
PHASE (Pin 16)
UGATE (Pin 17)
High-side MOSFET gate driver output. Connect to the gate
terminal of the high-side MOSFET of the converter.
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
BOOT (Pin 18)
VO (Pin 8)
Positive input supply for the UGATE high-side MOSFET gate
driver. The BOOT pin is internally connected to the cathode
of the Schottky boot-strap diode. Connect an MLCC
between the BOOT pin and the PHASE pin.
Output voltage sense input for the R3 modulator. The VO pin
also serves as the reference input for the overcurrent
detection circuit. See Figure 10 on page 14.
VCC (Pin 19)
Input for the overcurrent detection circuit. The overcurrent
setpoint programming resistor ROCSET connects from this
pin to the sense node. See Figure 10 on page 14.
Input for the IC bias voltage. Connect +5V to the VCC pin
and decouple with at least a 1µF MLCC to the GND pin. See
“Application Schematics” (Figures 2 and 3) on page 4.
PVCC (Pin 20)
Input for the LGATE and UGATE MOSFET driver circuits.
The PVCC pin is internally connected to the anode of the
Schottky boot-strap diode. Connect +5V to the PVCC pin
and decouple with a 10µF MLCC to the PGND pin. See
“Application Schematics” (Figures 2 and 3) on page 4.
ISL62871 Functional Pin Descriptions
GND (Pin 1)
IC ground for bias supply and signal reference.
OCSET (Pin 9)
PHASE (Pin 10)
Return current path for the UGATE high-side MOSFET
driver. VIN sense input for the R3 modulator. Inductor current
polarity detector input. Connect to junction of output inductor,
high-side MOSFET, and low-side MOSFET. See “Application
Schematics” (Figures 4 and 5) on page 5.
UGATE (Pin 11)
High-side MOSFET gate driver output. Connect to the gate
terminal of the high-side MOSFET of the converter.
BOOT (Pin 12)
Enable input for the IC. Pulling EN above the VENTHR rising
threshold voltage initializes the soft-start sequence.
Positive input supply for the UGATE high-side MOSFET gate
driver. The BOOT pin is internally connected to the cathode
of the Schottky boot-strap diode. Connect an MLCC
between the BOOT pin and the PHASE pin.
VID0 (Pin 3)
VCC (Pin 13)
Logic input for setpoint voltage selector. Use to select
between the two setpoint reference voltages. External
reference input when enabled by connecting the SET0 pin to
the VCC pin.
Input for the IC bias voltage. Connect +5V to the VCC pin
and decouple with at least a 1µF MLCC to the GND pin. See
“Application Schematics” (Figures 4 and 5) on page 5.
SREF (Pin 4)
Input for the LGATE and UGATE MOSFET driver circuits.
The PVCC pin is internally connected to the anode of the
Schottky boot-strap diode. Connect +5V to the PVCC pin
and decouple with a 10µF MLCC to the PGND pin. See
“Application Schematics” (Figures 4 and 5) on page 5.
EN (Pin 2)
Soft-start and voltage slew-rate programming capacitor
input. Setpoint reference voltage programming resistor input.
Connects internally to the inverting input of the VSET voltage
setpoint amplifier. See Figure 9 on page 12 for capacitor and
resistor connections.
SET0 (Pin 5)
Voltage set-point programming resistor input. See Figure 9
on page 12 for resistor connection.
PGOOD (Pin 6)
Power-good open-drain indicator output. This pin changes to
high impedance when the converter is able to supply
regulated voltage. The pull-down resistance between the
PGOOD pin and the GND pin identifies which protective fault
has shut down the regulator. See Table 3 on page 16.
FB (Pin 7)
Voltage feedback sense input. Connects internally to the
inverting input of the control-loop error amplifier. The
converter is in regulation when the voltage at the FB pin
equals the voltage on the SREF pin. The control loop
compensation network connects between the FB pin and the
converter output. See Figure 13 on page 17.
10
PVCC (Pin 14)
LGATE (Pin 15)
Low-side MOSFET gate driver output. Connect to the gate
terminal of the low-side MOSFET of the converter.
PGND (Pin 16)
Return current path for the LGATE MOSFET driver. Connect
to the source of the low-side MOSFET.
Setpoint Reference Voltage Programming
Voltage identification (VID) pins select user-programmed
setpoint reference voltages that appear at the SREF pin. The
converter is in regulation when the FB pin voltage (VFB)
equals the SREF pin voltage (VSREF.) The IC measures VFB
and VSREF relative to the GND pin, not the PGND pin. The
setpoint reference voltages use the naming convention
FN6707.0
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ISL62871, ISL62872
VSET(x) where (x) is the first, second, third, or fourth setpoint
reference voltage where:
- VSET1 < VSET2 < VSET3 < VSET4
- VOUT1 < VOUT2 < VOUT3 < VOUT4
The VSET1 setpoint is fixed at 500mV because it
corresponds to the closure of internal switch SW0 that
configures the VSET amplifier as a unity-gain voltage
follower for the 500mV voltage reference VREF.
A feedback voltage-divider network may be required to
achieve the desired reference voltages. Using the feedback
voltage-divider allows the maximum output voltage of the
converter to be higher than the 1.5V maximum setpoint
reference voltage that can be programmed on the SREF pin.
Likewise, the feedback voltage-divider allows the minimum
output voltage of the converter to be higher than the fixed
500mV setpoint reference voltage of VSET1. Scale the
voltage-divider network such that the voltage VFB equals the
voltage VSREF when the converter output voltage is at the
desired level. The voltage-divider relation is given in
Equation 1:
R OFS
V FB = V OUT ⋅ ---------------------------------R +R
FB
(EQ. 1)
The setpoint reference voltages are programmed with
resistors that use the naming convention RSET(x) where (x)
is the first, second, third, or fourth programming resistor
connected in series starting at the SREF pin and ending at
the GND pin. When one of the internal switches closes, it
connects the inverting input of the VSET amplifier to a
specific node among the string of RSET programming
resistors. All the resistors between that node and the SREF
pin serve as the feedback impedance RF of the VSET
amplifier. Likewise, all the resistors between that node and
the GND pin serve as the input impedance RIN of the VSET
amplifier. Equation 4 gives the general form of the gain
equation for the VSET amplifier:
RF ⎞
⎛
V SET ( X ) = V REF ⋅ ⎜ 1 + ----------⎟
R
⎝
IN⎠
(EQ. 4)
Where:
- VREF is the 500mV internal reference of the IC
- VSET(x) is the resulting setpoint reference voltage that
appears at the SREF pin
Calculating Setpoint Voltage Programming
Resistor Values for ISL62872
OFS
TABLE 1. ISL62872 VID TRUTH TABLE
Where:
VID STATE
- VFB = VSREF
- RFB is the loop-compensation feedback resistor that
connects from the FB pin to the converter output
- ROFS is the voltage-scaling programming resistor that
connects from the FB pin to the GND pin
The attenuation of the feedback voltage divider is written as:
R OFS
V SREF ( lim )
K = ------------------------------- = ---------------------------------V OUT ( lim )
R FB + R OFS
(EQ. 2)
Where:
- K is the attenuation factor
- VSREF(lim) is the VSREF voltage setpoint of either
500mV or 1.50V
- VOUT(lim) is the output voltage of the converter when
VSREF = VSREF(lim)
Since the voltage-divider network is in the feedback path, all
output voltage setpoints will be attenuated by K, so it follows
that all of the setpoint reference voltages will be attenuated
by K. It will be necessary then to include the attenuation
factor K in all the calculations for selecting the RSET
programming resistors.
The value of offset resistor ROFS can be calculated only
after the value of loop-compensation resistor RFB has been
determined. The Calculation of ROFS is written as
Equation 3:
V SET ( x ) ⋅ R
FB
R OFS = -------------------------------------------V OUT – V SET ( x )
RESULT
VID1
VID0
CLOSE
VSREF
VOUT
1
1
SW0
VSET1
VOUT1
1
0
SW1
VSET2
VOUT2
0
1
SW2
VSET3
VOUT3
0
0
SW3
VSET4
VOUT4
First, determine the attenuation factor K. Next, assign an
initial value to RSET4 of approximately 100kΩ then calculate
RSET1, RSET2, and RSET3 using Equations 5, 6, and 7
respectively. The equation for the value of RSET1 is written
as Equation 5:
R SET4 ⋅ KV SET4 ⋅ ( KV SET2 – V REF )
R SET1 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------V REF ⋅ KV SET2
(EQ. 5)
The equation for the value of RSET2 is written as Equation 6:
R SET4 ⋅ KV SET4 ⋅ ( KV SET3 – KV SET2 )
R SET2 = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------KV SET2 ⋅ KV SET3
(EQ. 6)
The equation for the value of RSET3 is written as Equation 7:
R SET4 ⋅ ( KV SET4 – KV SET3 )
R SET3 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------KV SET3
(EQ. 7)
The sum of all the programming resistors should be
approximately 300kΩ as shown in Equation 8 otherwise
adjust the value of RSET4 and repeat the calculations.
R SET1 + R SET2 + R SET3 + R SET4 ≅ 300kΩ
(EQ. 8)
(EQ. 3)
Equations 9, 10, 11 and 12 give the specific VSET gain
equations for the ISL62872 setpoint reference voltages.
11
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
The ISL62872 VSET1 setpoint is written as Equation 9:
V SET1 = V REF
(EQ. 9)
The ISL62872 VSET2 setpoint is written as Equation 10:
R SET1
⎛
⎞
V SET2 = V REF ⋅ ⎜ 1 + ---------------------------------------------------------------------⎟
R
+
R
+
R
⎝
SET2
SET3
SET4⎠
(EQ. 10)
The ISL62872 VSET3 setpoint is written as Equation 11:
R SET1 + R SET2⎞
⎛
V SET3 = V REF ⋅ ⎜ 1 + --------------------------------------------⎟
R SET3 + R SET4⎠
⎝
(EQ. 11)
The ISL62872 VSET4 setpoint is written as Equation 12:
R SET1 + R SET2 + R
⎛
SET3⎞
V SET4 = V REF ⋅ ⎜ 1 + ---------------------------------------------------------------------⎟
R SET4
⎝
⎠
⎛ KV SET2
⎞
R SET1 = R SET2 ⋅ ⎜ ----------------------- – 1⎟
V
⎝ REF
⎠
(EQ. 13)
The sum of RSET1 and RSET2 programming resistors should
be approximately 300kΩ as shown in Equation 14 otherwise
adjust the value of RSET2 and repeat the calculations.
R SET1 + R SET2 ≅ 300kΩ
(EQ. 14)
Equations 15 and 16 give the specific VSET gain equations
for the ISL62871 setpoint reference voltages.
The ISL62871 VSET1 setpoint is written as Equation 15:
V SET1 = V REF
(EQ. 15)
The ISL62871 VSET2 setpoint is written as Equation 16:
R SET1⎞
⎛
V SET2 = V REF ⋅ ⎜ 1 + ------------------⎟
R
⎝
SET2⎠
FB
(EQ. 16)
VCOMP
−
EA
+
+
VSET
−
VREF
500mV
VOUT
RFB
FB
VCOMP
−
EA
ROFS
RFB
ROFS
VOUT
(EQ. 12)
The equation for the value of RSET1 is written as
Equation 13:
+
VREF
+
SW1
SW3
SET2
SET0
SW0
SW1
RSET2
SW2
SET1
RSET1
SREF
CSOFT
SET0
FIGURE 9. ISL62871 VOLTAGE PROGRAMMING CIRCUIT
RSET4
RSET3
RSET2
RSET1
CSOFT
VSET
−
SW0
SREF
FIGURE 8. ISL62872 VOLTAGE PROGRAMMING CIRCUIT
Component Selection for ISL62871 Setpoint
Voltage Programming Resistors
TABLE 2. ISL62871 VID TRUTH TABLE
STATE
RESULT
VID0
CLOSE
VSREF
VOUT
1
SW0
VSET1
VOUT1
0
SW1
VSET2
VOUT2
First, determine the attenuation factor K. Next, assign an
initial value to RSET2 of approximately 150kΩ then calculate
RSET1 using Equation 13.
12
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
External Setpoint Reference
Where:
The IC can use an external setpoint reference voltage as an
alternative to VID-selected, resistor-programmed setpoints.
This is accomplished by removing all setpoint programming
resistors, connecting the SET0 pin to the VCC pin, and
feeding the external setpoint reference voltage to the VID0
pin. When SET0 and VCC are tied together, the following
internal reconfigurations take place:
- VID0 pin opens its 500nA pull-down current sink
- Reference source selector switch SW4 moves from INT
position (internal 500mV) to EXT position (VID0 pin)
- VID1 pin is disabled
The converter will now be in regulation when the voltage on
the FB pin equals the voltage on the VID0 pin. As with
resistor-programmed setpoints, the reference voltage range
on the VID0 pin is 500mV to 1.5V. Use Equations 1, 2, and 3
beginning on page 11 should it become necessary to
implement an output voltage-divider network to make the
external setpoint reference voltage compatible with the
500mV to 1.5V constraint.
- ISS is the soft-start current source at the 20µA limit
- VSTART-UP is the setpoint reference voltage selected by
the state of the VID inputs at the time EN is asserted
- RT is the sum of the RSET programming resistors
The end of soft-start is detected by ISS tapering off when
capacitor CSOFT charges to the designated VSET voltage
reference setpoint. The SSOK flag is set, the PGOOD pin
goes high, and the ISS current source changes over to the
voltage-step current source IVS which has a current limit of
±100µA. Whenever the VID inputs or the external setpoint
reference, programs a different setpoint reference voltage,
the IVS current source charges or discharges capacitor
CSOFT to that new level at ±100µA. Once CSOFT charges to
the selected setpoint voltage, the IVS current source comes
out of the 100µA current limit and decays to the static value
set by VSREF ÷ RT. The elapsed time to charge CSOFT to
the new voltage is called the voltage-step delay tVS and is
given by Equation 19:
( V NEW – V OLD )
t VS = ( I VS ⋅ C SOFT ) ⋅ LN(1 – -------------------------------------------)
I
⋅R
VS
Soft-Start and Voltage-Step Delay
(EQ. 19)
T
Where:
Circuit Description
When the voltage on the VCC pin has ramped above the
rising power-on reset voltage VVCC_THR, and the voltage on
the EN pin has increased above the rising enable threshold
voltage VENTHR, the SREF pin releases its discharge clamp
and enables the reference amplifier VSET. The soft-start
current ISS is limited to 20µA and is sourced out of the SREF
pin into the parallel RC network of capacitor CSOFT and
resistance RT. The resistance RT is the sum of all the series
connected RSET programming resistors and is written as
Equation 17:
R T = R SET1 + R SET2 + …R SET ( n )
(EQ. 17)
The voltage on the SREF pin rises as ISS charges CSOFT to
the voltage reference setpoint selected by the state of the
VID inputs at the time the EN pin is asserted. The regulator
controls the PWM such that the voltage on the FB pin tracks
the rising voltage on the SREF pin. Once CSOFT charges to
the selected setpoint voltage, the ISS current source comes
out of the 20µA current limit and decays to the static value
set by VSREF ÷ RT. The elapsed time from when the EN pin
is asserted to when VSREF has reached the voltage
reference setpoint is the soft-start delay tSS which is given
by Equation 18:
V START-UP
t SS = – ( I SS ⋅ C SOFT ) ⋅ LN(1 – ------------------------------)
I
⋅R
SS
13
T
(EQ. 18)
- IVS is the ±100µA setpoint voltage-step current
- VNEW is the new setpoint voltage selected by the VID
inputs
- VOLD is the setpoint voltage that VNEW is changing
from
- RT is the sum of the RSET programming resistors
Component Selection For CSOFT Capacitor
Choosing the CSOFT capacitor to meet the requirements of a
particular soft-start delay tSS is calculated with Equation 20,
which is written as:
– t SS
C SOFT = --------------------------------------------------------------------V START-UP ⎞
⎛
⎜ R T ⋅ LN(1 – ------------------------------)⎟
I SS ⋅ R T ⎠
⎝
(EQ. 20)
Where:
-
tSS is the soft-start delay
ISS is the soft-start current source at the 20µA limit
VSTART-UP is the setpoint reference voltage selected by
the state of the VID inputs at the time EN is asserted
- RT is the sum of the RSET programming resistors
Choosing the CSOFT capacitor to meet the requirements of a
particular voltage-step delay tVS is calculated with
Equation 21, which is written as:
– t VS
C SOFT = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------V NEW – V OLD ⎞
⎛
⎜ R T ⋅ LN(1 – ---------------------------------------)⎟
± I VS ⋅ R T ⎠
⎝
(EQ. 21)
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
Component Selection For ROCSET and CSEN
Where:
- tVS is the voltage-step delay
- VNEW is the new setpoint voltage
- VOLD is the setpoint voltage that VNEW is changing
from
- IVS is the ±100µA setpoint voltage-step current; positive
when VNEW > VOLD, negative when VNEW < VOLD
- RT is the sum of the RSET programming resistors
Fault Protection
Overcurrent
The overcurrent protection (OCP) setpoint is programmed
with resistor ROCSET which is connected across the OCSET
and PHASE pins. Resistor RO is connected between the VO
pin and the actual output voltage of the converter. During
normal operation, the VO pin is a high impedance path,
therefore there is no voltage drop across RO. The value of
resistor RO should always match the value of resistor
ROCSET
L
DCR
PHASE
IL
+
ROCSET
10µ
OCSET
+ VROCSET
VDCR
CSEN
_
CO
RO
FIGURE 10. OVERCURRENT PROGRAMMING CIRCUIT
Figure 10 shows the overcurrent set circuit. The inductor
consists of inductance L and the DC resistance DCR. The
inductor DC current IL creates a voltage drop across DCR,
which is given by Equation 22:
(EQ. 22)
The IOCSET current source sinks 10µA into the OCSET pin,
creating a DC voltage drop across the resistor ROCSET,
which is given by Equation 23:
(EQ. 23)
The DC voltage difference between the OCSET pin and the
VO pin, which is given by Equation 24:
V OCSET – V VO = V DCR – V ROCSET = I L ⋅ DCR – I OCSET ⋅ R OCSET
(EQ. 24)
The IC monitors the voltage of the OCSET pin and the VO
pin. When the voltage of the OCSET pin is higher than the
voltage of the VO pin for more than 10µs, an OCP fault
latches the converter off.
14
(EQ. 25)
Where:
- ROCSET (Ω) is the resistor used to program the
overcurrent setpoint
- IOC is the output DC load current that will activate the
OCP fault detection circuit
- DCR is the inductor DC resistance
For example, if IOC is 20A and DCR is 4.5mΩ, the choice of
ROCSET is = 20A x 4.5mΩ/10µA = 9kΩ.
Resistor ROCSET and capacitor CSEN form an R-C network
to sense the inductor current. To sense the inductor current
correctly not only in DC operation, but also during dynamic
operation, the R-C network time constant ROCSET CSEN
needs to match the inductor time constant L/DCR. The value
of CSEN is then written as Equation 26:
(EQ. 26)
For example, if L is 1.5µH, DCR is 4.5mΩ, and ROCSET is
9kΩ, the choice of CSEN = 1.5µH/(9kΩ x 4.5mΩ) = 0.037µF.
When an OCP fault is declared, the PGOOD pin will
pull-down to 35Ω and latch off the converter. The fault will
remain latched until the EN pin has been pulled below the
falling EN threshold voltage VENTHF or if VCC has decayed
below the falling POR threshold voltage VVCC_THF.
VO
V ROCSET = 10μA ⋅ R OCSET
I OC ⋅ DCR
R OCSET = ---------------------------I OCSET
L
C SEN = -----------------------------------------R OCSET ⋅ DCR
VO
_
V DCR = I L ⋅ DCR
The value of ROCSET is calculated with Equation 25, which
is written as:
Overvoltage
The OVP fault detection circuit triggers after the FB pin
voltage is above the rising overvoltage threshold VOVRTH for
more than 2µs. For example, if the converter is programmed
to regulate 1.0V at the FB pin, that voltage would have to
rise above the typical VOVRTH threshold of 116% for more
than 2µs in order to trip the OVP fault latch. In numerical terms,
that would be 116% x 1.0V = 1.16V. When an OVP fault is
declared, the PGOOD pin will pull-down to 65Ω and latch-off
the converter. The OVP fault will remain latched until VCC
has decayed below the falling POR threshold voltage
V
VCC_THF. An OVP fault cannot be reset by pulling the EN
pin below the falling EN threshold voltage VENTHF.
Although the converter has latched-off in response to an
OVP fault, the LGATE gate-driver output will retain the ability
to toggle the low-side MOSFET on and off, in response to
the output voltage transversing the VOVRTH and VOVFTH
thresholds. The LGATE gate-driver will turn-on the low-side
MOSFET to discharge the output voltage, protecting the
load. The LGATE gate-driver will turn-off the low-side
MOSFET once the FB pin voltage is lower than the falling
overvoltage threshold VOVRTH for more than 2µs. The
falling overvoltage threshold VOVFTH is typically 102%. That
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
means if the FB pin voltage falls below 102% x 1.0V = 1.02V
for more than 2µs, the LGATE gate-driver will turn off the
low-side MOSFET. If the output voltage rises again, the
LGATE driver will again turn on the low-side MOSFET when
the FB pin voltage is above the rising overvoltage threshold
VOVRTH for more than 2µs. By doing so, the IC protects the
load when there is a consistent overvoltage condition.
Undervoltage
The UVP fault detection circuit triggers after the FB pin
voltage is below the undervoltage threshold VUVTH for more
than 2µs. For example if the converter is programmed to
regulate 1.0V at the FB pin, that voltage would have to fall
below the typical VUVTH threshold of 84% for more than 2µs
in order to trip the UVP fault latch. In numerical terms, that
would be 84% x 1.0V = 0.84V. When a UVP fault is declared,
the PGOOD pin will pull-down to 95Ω and latch-off the
converter. The fault will remain latched until the EN pin has
been pulled below the falling EN threshold voltage VENTHF
or if VCC has decayed below the falling POR threshold
voltage VVCC_THF.
Over-Temperature
When the temperature of the IC increases above the rising
threshold temperature TOTRTH, it will enter the OTP state
that suspends the PWM, forcing the LGATE and UGATE
gate-driver outputs low. The status of the PGOOD pin does
not change nor does the converter latch-off. The PWM
remains suspended until the IC temperature falls below the
hysteresis temperature TOTHYS at which time normal PWM
operation resumes. The OTP state can be reset if the EN pin
is pulled below the falling EN threshold voltage VENTHF or if
VCC has decayed below the falling POR threshold voltage
V
VCC_THF. All other protection circuits remain functional
while the IC is in the OTP state. It is likely that the IC will
detect an UVP fault because in the absence of PWM, the
output voltage decays below the undervoltage threshold
VUVTH.
of the transient and work in concert with the error amplifier
VERR to maintain output voltage regulation. Once the
transient has dissipated and the control loop has recovered,
the PWM frequency returns to the nominal static 300KHz.
Modulator
The R3 modulator synthesizes an AC signal VR, which is an
analog representation of the output inductor ripple current.
The duty-cycle of VR is the result of charge and discharge
current through a ripple capacitor CR. The current through
CR is provided by a transconductance amplifier gm that
measures the input voltage (VIN) at the PHASE pin and
output voltage (VOUT) at the VO pin. The positive slope of
VR can be written as Equation 27:
V RPOS = ( g m ) ⋅ ( V IN – V OUT ) ⁄ C R
(EQ. 27)
The negative slope of VR can be written as Equation 28:
V RNEG = g m ⋅ V OUT ⁄ C R
(EQ. 28)
Where, gm is the gain of the transconductance amplifier.
A window voltage VW is referenced with respect to the error
amplifier output voltage VCOMP, creating an envelope into
which the ripple voltage VR is compared. The amplitude of
VW is controlled internally by the IC. The VR, VCOMP, and
VW signals feed into a window comparator in which VCOMP
is the lower threshold voltage and VW is the higher threshold
voltage. Figure 11 shows PWM pulses being generated as
VR traverses the VW and VCOMP thresholds. The PWM
switching frequency is proportional to the slew rates of the
positive and negative slopes of VR; it is inversely
proportional to the voltage between VW and VCOMP.
RIPPLE CAPACITOR VOLTAGE CR
WINDOW VOLTAGE VW
Theory of Operation
The modulator features Intersil’s R3 Robust-RippleRegulator technology, a hybrid of fixed frequency PWM
control and variable frequency hysteretic control. The PWM
frequency is maintained at 300KHz under static
continuous-conduction-mode operation within the entire
specified envelope of input voltage, output voltage, and
output load. If the application should experience a rising load
transient and/or a falling line transient such that the output
voltage starts to fall, the modulator will extend the on-time
and/or reduce the off-time of the PWM pulse in progress.
Conversely, if the application should experience a falling
load transient and/or a rising line transient such that the
output voltage starts to rise, the modulator will truncate the
on-time and/or extend the off-time of the PWM pulse in
progress. The period and duty cycle of the ensuing PWM
pulses are optimized by the R3 modulator for the remainder
15
ERROR AMPLIFIER VOLTAGE VCOMP
PWM
FIGURE 11. MODULATOR WAVEFORMS DURING LOAD
TRANSIENT
Synchronous Rectification
A standard DC/DC buck regulator uses a free-wheeling
diode to maintain uninterrupted current conduction through
the output inductor when the high-side MOSFET switches off
for the balance of the PWM switching cycle. Low conversion
efficiency as a result of the conduction loss of the diode
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
makes this an unattractive option for all but the lowest
current applications. Efficiency is dramatically improved
when the free-wheeling diode is replaced with a MOSFET
that is turned on whenever the high-side MOSFET is turned
off. This modification to the standard DC/DC buck regulator
is referred to as synchronous rectification, the topology
implemented by the ISL62871 and ISL62872 controllers.
Diode Emulation
The polarity of the output inductor current is defined as
positive when conducting away from the phase node, and
defined as negative when conducting towards the phase
node. The DC component of the inductor current is positive,
but the AC component known as the ripple current, can be
either positive or negative. Should the sum of the AC and
DC components of the inductor current remain positive for
the entire switching period, the converter is in
continuous-conduction-mode (CCM.) However, if the
inductor current becomes negative or zero, the converter is
in discontinuous-conduction-mode (DCM.)
Unlike the standard DC/DC buck regulator, the synchronous
rectifier can sink current from the output filter inductor during
DCM, reducing the light-load efficiency with unnecessary
conduction loss as the low-side MOSFET sinks the inductor
current. The ISL62871 and ISL62872 controllers avoid the
DCM conduction loss by making the low-side MOSFET
emulate the current-blocking behavior of a diode. This
smart-diode operation called diode-emulation-mode (DEM)
is triggered when the negative inductor current produces a
positive voltage drop across the rDS(ON) of the low-side
MOSFET for eight consecutive PWM cycles while the
LGATE pin is high. The converter will exit DEM on the next
PWM pulse after detecting a negative voltage across the
rDS(ON) of the low-side MOSFET.
It is characteristic of the R3 architecture for the PWM
switching frequency to decrease while in DCM, increasing
efficiency by reducing unnecessary gate-driver switching
losses. The extent of the frequency reduction is proportional
to the reduction of load current. Upon entering DEM, the
PWM frequency is forced to fall approximately 30% by
forcing a similar increase of the window voltage V W. This
measure is taken to prevent oscillating between modes at
the boundary between CCM and DCM. The 30% increase of
VW is removed upon exit of DEM, forcing the PWM switching
frequency to jump back to the nominal CCM value.
Power-On Reset
The IC is disabled until the voltage at the VCC pin has
increased above the rising power-on reset (POR) threshold
voltage VVCC_THR. The controller will become disabled
when the voltage at the VCC pin decreases below the falling
POR threshold voltage VVCC_THF. The POR detector has a
noise filter of approximately 1µs.
16
VIN and PVCC Voltage Sequence
Prior to pulling EN above the VENTHR rising threshold
voltage, the following criteria must be met:
- VPVCC is at least equivalent to the VCC rising power-on
reset voltage VVCC_THR
- VVIN must be 3.3V or the minimum required by the
application
Start-Up Timing
Once VCC has ramped above VVCC_THR, the controller can
be enabled by pulling the EN pin voltage above the
input-high threshold VENTHR. Approximately 20µs later, the
voltage at the SREF pin begins slewing to the designated
VID set-point. The converter output voltage at the FB
feedback pin follows the voltage at the SREF pin. During
soft-start, The regulator always operates in CCM until the
soft-start sequence is complete.
PGOOD Monitor
The PGOOD pin indicates when the converter is capable of
supplying regulated voltage. The PGOOD pin is an
undefined impedance if the VCC pin has not reached the
rising POR threshold VVCC_THR, or if the VCC pin is below
the falling POR threshold VVCC_THF. The PGOOD
pull-down resistance corresponds to a specific protective
fault, thereby reducing troubleshooting time and effort.
Table 3 maps the pull-down resistance of the PGOOD pin to
the corresponding fault status of the controller.
TABLE 3. PGOOD PULL-DOWN RESISTANCE
CONDITION
PGOOD RESISTANCE
VCC Below POR
Undefined
Soft-Start or Undervoltage
95Ω
Overvoltage
65Ω
Overcurrent
35Ω
LGATE and UGATE MOSFET Gate-Drivers
The LGATE pin and UGATE pins are MOSFET driver
outputs. The LGATE pin drives the low-side MOSFET of the
converter while the UGATE pin drives the high-side
MOSFET of the converter.
The LGATE driver is optimized for low duty-cycle
applications where the low-side MOSFET experiences long
conduction times. In this environment, the low-side
MOSFETs require exceptionally low rDS(ON) and tend to
have large parasitic charges that conduct transient currents
within the devices in response to high dv/dt switching
present at the phase node. The drain-gate charge in
particular can conduct sufficient current through the driver
pull-down resistance that the VGS(th) of the device can be
exceeded and turned on. For this reason the LGATE driver
has been designed with low pull-down resistance and high
sink current capability to ensure clamping the MOSFETs
gate voltage below VGS(th).
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
Adaptive Shoot-Through Protection
Adaptive shoot-through protection prevents a gate-driver
output from turning on until the opposite gate-driver output
has fallen below approximately 1V. The dead-time shown in
Figure 12 is extended by the additional period that the falling
gate voltage remains above the 1V threshold. The high-side
gate-driver output voltage is measured across the UGATE
and PHASE pins while the low-side gate-driver output
voltage is measured across the LGATE and PGND pins. The
power for the LGATE gate-driver is sourced directly from the
PVCC pin. The power for the UGATE gate-driver is supplied
by a boot-strap capacitor connected across the BOOT and
PHASE pins. The capacitor is charged each time the phase
node voltage falls a diode drop below PVCC such as when
the low-side MOSFET is turned on.
UGATE
1V
CINT = 100pF
-
CCOMP
RCOMP
RFB
VOUT
FB
EA
ROFS
COMP
+
SREF
FIGURE 13. COMPENSATION REFERENCE CIRCUIT
The LC output filter has a double pole at its resonant frequency
that causes rapid phase change. The R3 modulator used in the
IC makes the LC output filter resemble a first order system in
which the closed loop stability can be achieved with the
recommended Type-II compensation network. Intersil provides
a PC-based tool that can be used to calculate compensation
network component values and help simulate the loop
frequency response.
1V
General Application Design Guide
1V
1V
LGATE
FIGURE 12. GATE DRIVER ADAPTIVE SHOOT-THROUGH
Compensation Design
Figure 13 shows the recommended Type-II compensation
circuit. The FB pin is the inverting input of the error amplifier.
The COMP signal, the output of the error amplifier, is inside the
chip and unavailable to users. CINT is a 100pF capacitor
integrated inside the IC, connecting across the FB pin and the
COMP signal. RFB, RCOMP, CCOMP and CINT form the Type-II
compensator. The frequency domain transfer function is given
by Equation 29:
1 + s ⋅ ( R FB + R COMP ) ⋅ C
COMP
G COMP ( s ) = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (EQ. 29)
s ⋅ R FB ⋅ C INT ⋅ ( 1 + s ⋅ R COMP ⋅ C
)
COMP
This design guide is intended to provide a high-level
explanation of the steps necessary to design a single-phase
power converter. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with
many of the basic skills and techniques referenced in the
following. In addition to this guide, Intersil provides complete
reference designs that include schematics, bills of materials,
and example board layouts.
Selecting the LC Output Filter
The duty cycle of an ideal buck converter is a function of the
input and the output voltage. This relationship is expressed
in Equation 30:
VO
D = --------V IN
(EQ. 30)
The output inductor peak-to-peak ripple current is expressed
in Equation 31:
VO ⋅ ( 1 – D )
I P-P = ------------------------------F SW ⋅ L
(EQ. 31)
A typical step-down DC/DC converter will have an IPP of
20% to 40% of the maximum DC output load current. The
value of IP-P is selected based upon several criteria such as
MOSFET switching loss, inductor core loss, and the resistive
loss of the inductor winding. The DC copper loss of the
inductor can be estimated using Equation 32:
2
P COPPER = I LOAD ⋅ DCR
(EQ. 32)
Where, ILOAD is the converter output DC current.
The copper loss can be significant so attention has to be
given to the DCR selection. Another factor to consider when
choosing the inductor is its saturation characteristics at
elevated temperature. A saturated inductor could cause
17
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
A DC/DC buck regulator must have output capacitance CO
into which ripple current IP-P can flow. Current IP-P develops
a corresponding ripple voltage VP-P across CO, which is the
sum of the voltage drop across the capacitor ESR and of the
voltage change stemming from charge moved in and out of
the capacitor. These two voltages are expressed in
Equations 33 and 34:
ΔV ESR = I P-P ⋅ E SR
(EQ. 33)
I P-P
ΔΔV C = --------------------------------8 ⋅ CO ⋅ F
(EQ. 34)
SW
If the output of the converter has to support a load with high
pulsating current, several capacitors will need to be paralleled
to reduce the total ESR until the required VP-P is achieved.
The inductance of the capacitor can cause a brief voltage dip
if the load transient has an extremely high slew rate. Low
inductance capacitors should be considered. A capacitor
dissipates heat as a function of RMS current and frequency.
Be sure that IP-P is shared by a sufficient quantity of paralleled
capacitors so that they operate below the maximum rated
RMS current at FSW. Take into account that the rated value of
a capacitor can fade as much as 50% as the DC voltage
across it increases.
Selection of the Input Capacitor
The important parameters for the bulk input capacitance are
the voltage rating and the RMS current rating. For reliable
operation, select bulk capacitors with voltage and current
ratings above the maximum input voltage and capable of
supplying the RMS current required by the switching circuit.
Their voltage rating should be at least 1.25x greater than the
maximum input voltage, while a voltage rating of 1.5x is a
preferred rating. Figure 14 is a graph of the input RMS ripple
current, normalized relative to output load current, as a
function of duty cycle that is adjusted for converter efficiency.
The ripple current calculation is written as Equation 35:
2
2 D
2
( I MAX ⋅ ( D – D ) ) + ⎛ x ⋅ I MAX ⋅ ------ ⎞
⎝
12 ⎠
I IN_RMS = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I MAX
(EQ. 35)
Where:
In addition to the bulk capacitance, some low ESL ceramic
capacitance is recommended to decouple between the drain
of the high-side MOSFET and the source of the low-side
MOSFET.
NORMALIZED INPUT RMS RIPPLE CURRENT
destruction of circuit components, as well as nuisance OCP
faults.
0.60
x=1
0.55
0.50
0.45
x = 0.75
0.40
0.35
x = 0.50
x = 0.25
0.30
0.25
0.20
x=0
0.15
0.10
0.05
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
DUTY CYCLE
FIGURE 14. NORMALIZED RMS INPUT CURRENT FOR x = 0.8
Selecting The Bootstrap Capacitor
Adding an external capacitor across the BOOT and PHASE
pins completes the bootstrap circuit. We selected the
bootstrap capacitor breakdown voltage to be at least 10V.
Although the theoretical maximum voltage of the capacitor is
PVCC-VDIODE (voltage drop across the boot diode), large
excursions below ground by the phase node requires we
select a capacitor with at least a breakdown rating of 10V. The
bootstrap capacitor can be chosen from Equation 37:
Q GATE
C BOOT ≥ -----------------------ΔV BOOT
(EQ. 37)
Where:
- QGATE is the amount of gate charge required to fully
charge the gate of the upper MOSFET
- ΔVBOOT is the maximum decay across the BOOT
capacitor
As an example, suppose an upper MOSFET has a gate
charge, QGATE , of 25nC at 5V and also assume the droop in
the drive voltage over a PWM cycle is 200mV. One will find that
a bootstrap capacitance of at least 0.125µF is required. The
next larger standard value capacitance is 0.15µF. A good
quality ceramic capacitor such as X7R or X5R is
recommended.
- IMAX is the maximum continuous ILOAD of the converter
- x is a multiplier (0 to 1) corresponding to the inductor
peak-to-peak ripple amplitude expressed as a
percentage of IMAX (0% to 100%)
- D is the duty cycle that is adjusted to take into account
the efficiency of the converter
Duty cycle is written as Equation 36:
VO
D = -------------------------V IN ⋅ EFF
(EQ. 36)
18
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
2.0
1000
1.8
900
1.6
800
1.4
700
POWER (mW)
CBOOT_CAP (µF
.
1.2
1.0
0.8
QGATE = 100nC
0.6
0.2
0.1
QU =50nC
QL=50nC
QU =20nC
QL=50nC
600
500
400
200
100
20nC
0.0
0.0
QU =50nC
QL =100nC
300
nC
50
0.4
QU =100nC
QL =200nC
0.2
0.3
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
DVBOOT_CAP (V)
0.8
0.9
1.0
0
0
200
400
600
800 1k
1.2k 1.4k 1.6k 1.8k 2k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FIGURE 15. BOOT CAPACITANCE vs BOOT RIPPLE VOLTAGE
FIGURE 16. POWER DISSIPATION vs FREQUENCY
Driver Power Dissipation
MOSFET Selection and Considerations
Switching power dissipation in the driver is mainly a function
of the switching frequency and total gate charge of the
selected MOSFETs. Calculating the power dissipation in the
driver for a desired application is critical to ensuring safe
operation. Exceeding the maximum allowable power
dissipation level will push the IC beyond the maximum
recommended operating junction temperature of +125°C.
When designing the application, it is recommended that the
following calculation be performed to ensure safe operation
at the desired frequency for the selected MOSFETs. The
power dissipated by the drivers is approximated as
Equation 38:
Typically, a MOSFET cannot tolerate even brief excursions
beyond their maximum drain to source voltage rating. The
MOSFETs used in the power stage of the converter should
have a maximum VDS rating that exceeds the sum of the
upper voltage tolerance of the input power source and the
voltage spike that occurs when the MOSFET switches off.
P = F sw ( 1.5V U Q + V L Q ) + P L + P U
U
L
(EQ. 38)
Where:
-
Fsw is the switching frequency of the PWM signal
VU is the upper gate driver bias supply voltage
VL is the lower gate driver bias supply voltage
QU is the charge to be delivered by the upper driver into
the gate of the MOSFET and discrete capacitors
- QL is the charge to be delivered by the lower driver into
the gate of the MOSFET and discrete capacitors
- PL is the quiescent power consumption of the lower
driver
- PU is the quiescent power consumption of the upper
driver
There are several power MOSFETs readily available that are
optimized for DC/DC converter applications. The preferred
high-side MOSFET emphasizes low switch charge so that
the device spends the least amount of time dissipating
power in the linear region. Unlike the low-side MOSFET
which has the drain-source voltage clamped by its body
diode during turn-off, the high-side MOSFET turns off with
VIN - VOUT, plus the spike, across it. The preferred low-side
MOSFET emphasizes low r DS(ON) when fully saturated to
minimize conduction loss.
For the low-side MOSFET, (LS), the power loss can be
assumed to be conductive only and is written as
Equation 39:
2
P CON_LS ≈ I LOAD ⋅ r DS ( ON )_LS ⋅ ( 1 – D )
(EQ. 39)
For the high-side MOSFET, (HS), its conduction loss is
written as Equation 40:
2
P CON_HS = I LOAD ⋅ r DS ( ON )_HS ⋅ D
(EQ. 40)
For the high-side MOSFET, its switching loss is written as
Equation 41:
V IN ⋅ I VALLEY ⋅ t ON ⋅ F
V IN ⋅ I PEAK ⋅ t OFF ⋅ F
SW
SW
P SW_HS = ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + -----------------------------------------------------------------2
2
(EQ. 41)
19
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
Power Ground
Where:
- IVALLEY is the difference of the DC component of the
inductor current minus 1/2 of the inductor ripple current
- IPEAK is the sum of the DC component of the inductor
current plus 1/2 of the inductor ripple current
- tON is the time required to drive the device into
saturation
- tOFF is the time required to drive the device into cut-off
Layout Considerations
The IC, analog signals, and logic signals should all be on the
same side of the PCB, located away from powerful emission
sources. The power conversion components should be
arranged in a manner similar to the example in Figure 17
where the area enclosed by the current circulating through
the input capacitors, high-side MOSFETs, and low-side
MOSFETs is as small as possible and all located on the
same side of the PCB. The power components can be
located on either side of the PCB relative to the IC.
GND
+
OUTPUT
CAPACITORS
+
VOUT
Anywhere not within the analog-ground island is Power
Ground.
VCC and PVCC Pins
Place the decoupling capacitors as close as practical to the
IC. In particular, the PVCC decoupling capacitor should have
a very short and wide connection to the PGND pin. The VCC
decoupling capacitor should not share any vias with the
PVCC decoupling capacitor.
EN, PGOOD, VID0, and VID1 Pins
These are logic signals that are referenced to the GND pin.
Treat as a typical logic signal.
OCSET and VO Pins
The current-sensing network consisting of ROCSET, RO, and
CSEN needs to be connected to the inductor pads for
accurate measurement of the DCR voltage drop. These
components however, should be located physically close to
the OCSET and VO pins with traces leading back to the
inductor. It is critical that the traces are shielded by the
ground plane layer all the way to the inductor pads. The
procedure is the same for resistive current sense.
FB, SREF, SET0, SET1, and SET2 Pins
PHASE
NODE
LOW-SIDE
MOSFETS
HIGH-SIDE
MOSFETS
INPUT
CAPACITORS
VIN
FIGURE 17. TYPICAL POWER COMPONENT PLACEMENT
The input impedance of these pins is high, making it critical
to place the loop compensation components, setpoint
reference programming resistors, feedback voltage divider
resistors, and CSOFT close to the IC, keeping the length of
the traces short.
LGATE, PGND, UGATE, BOOT, and PHASE Pins
Signal Ground
The GND pin is the signal-common also known as analog
ground of the IC. When laying out the PCB, it is very
important that the connection of the GND pin to the bottom
setpoint-reference programming-resistor, bottom feedback
voltage-divider resistor (if used), and the CSOFT capacitor
be made as close as possible to the GND pin on a conductor
not shared by any other components.
In addition to the critical single point connection discussed in
the previous paragraph, the ground plane layer of the PCB
should have a single-point-connected island located under
the area encompassing the IC, setpoint reference
programming components, feedback voltage divider
components, compensation components, CSOFT capacitor,
and the interconnecting traces among the components and
the IC. The island should be connected using several filled
vias to the rest of the ground plane layer at one point that is
not in the path of either large static currents or high di/dt
currents. The single connection point should also be where
the VCC decoupling capacitor and the GND pin of the IC are
connected.
20
The signals going through these traces are high dv/dt and
high di/dt, with high peak charging and discharging current.
The PGND pin can only flow current from the gate-source
charge of the low-side MOSFETs when LGATE goes low.
Ideally, route the trace from the LGATE pin in parallel with
the trace from the PGND pin, route the trace from the
UGATE pin in parallel with the trace from the PHASE pin,
and route the trace from the BOOT pin in parallel with the
trace from the PHASE pin. These pairs of traces should be
short, wide, and away from other traces with high input
impedance; weak signal traces should not be in proximity
with these traces on any layer.
Copper Size for the Phase Node
The parasitic capacitance and parasitic inductance of the
phase node should be kept very low to minimize ringing. It is
best to limit the size of the PHASE node copper in strict
accordance with the current and thermal management of the
application. An MLCC should be connected directly across
the drain of the upper MOSFET and the source of the lower
MOSFET to suppress the turn-off voltage spike.
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
Typical Performance Curves
100
1.0
95
0.8
VIN = 8V
0.6
85
VIN = 12.6V
REGULATION (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
90
VIN = 19V
80
75
70
65
0.4
VIN = 8V
0.0
-0.2
VIN = 12.6V
-0.4
60
-0.6
55
-0.8
50
VIN = 19V
0.2
-1.0
0
2
4
6
10
8
12
14
16
18
20
0
2
IOUT (A)
4
6
8
10
12
IOUT (A)
14
16
18
20
FIGURE 19. LOAD REGULATION AT VOUT = 1.1V
FIGURE 18. EFFICIENCY AT VOUT = 1.1V
1.0
EN
0.8
REGULATION (%)
0.6
0.4
VIN = 12.6V
VIN = 19V
0.2
SREF
0.0
-0.2
PGOOD
VOUT
VIN = 8V
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1.0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
IOUT (A)
14
16
18
20
FIGURE 20. SWITCHING FREQUENCY AT VOUT = 1.1V
EN
FIGURE 21. START-UP, VIN = 12.6V, VOUT = 1.05V, LOAD = 10A
EN
SREF
SREF
VOUT
PGOOD
PGOOD
VOUT
20µs
FIGURE 22. START-UP INTO 750mV PRE-BIASED OUTPUT,
VIN = 12.6V, VOUT = 1.05V, LOAD = 10A
21
FIGURE 23. SHUT-DOWN, VIN = 12.6V, VOUT = 1.05V,
LOAD = 50mΩ
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
Typical Performance Curves (Continued)
EN
VOUT
PHASE
SREF
VOUT
PGOOD
UGATE
10s
LGATE
FIGURE 24. SHUT-DOWN, VIN = 12.6V, VOUT = 1.05V,
LOAD = OPEN-CIRCUIT
FIGURE 25. CCM STEADY-STATE OPERATION,
VIN = 12.6V, VOUT = 1.0V, IOUT = 10A
15ADC
VOUT
IOUT
+10AµF
PHASE
-10AµF
5ADC
5ADC
VOUT
UGATE
PHASE
LGATE
FIGURE 27. CCM LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
VIN = 12.6V, VOUT = 1.0V
FIGURE 26. DCM STEADY-STATE OPERATION,
VIN = 12.6V, VOUT = 1.0V, IOUT = 3A
11ADC
+10AµF
1ADC
VOUT
IOUT
-10AµF
VOUT
1ADC
SREF
PHASE
VID0
VID1
FIGURE 28. DCM LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
VIN = 12.6V, VOUT = 1.0V
22
FIGURE 29. VID TO SREF RESPONSE
VIN = 12.6V, VOUT = 950mV AND 1.05V,
IOUT = 10A
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
Typical Performance Curves (Continued)
VOUT
SREF
VOUT
SREF
VID0
VID0
VID1
VID1
FIGURE 30. SREF FALLING RESPONSE
VIN = 12.6V, VOUT = 1.05V TO 950mV, IOUT = 10A
FIGURE 31. SREF RISING RESPONSE
VIN = 12.6V, VOUT = 950mV TO 1.05V, IOUT = 10A
VOUT
SREF
VID0
VID1
FIGURE 32. VID TO SREF RESPONSE IN DCM
VIN = 12.6V, VOUT = 950mV AND 1.05V, IOUT = 100mA
23
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
Package Outline Drawing
L20.3.2x1.8
20 LEAD ULTRA THIN QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE (UTQFN)
Rev 0, 5/08
1.80
A
6
PIN #1 ID
16X 0.40
B
20
6
PIN 1 ID#
1
19
2
3.20
0.50±0.10
(4X)
0.10
9
12
11
10
VIEW “A-A”
TOP VIEW
0.10 M C A B
0.05 M C
4 20X 0.20
19X 0.40 ± 0.10
BOTTOM VIEW
( 1.0 )
(1 x 0.70)
SEE DETAIL "X"
C
0.10 C
MAX 0.55
BASE PLANE
( 2. 30 )
SEATING PLANE
0.05 C
SIDE VIEW
( 16 X 0 . 40 )
C
0 . 2 REF
5
( 20X 0 . 20 )
0 . 00 MIN.
0 . 05 MAX.
( 19X 0 . 60 )
DETAIL "X"
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
NOTES:
1. Dimensions are in millimeters.
Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994.
3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05
4. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured
between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.
5. Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature.
6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be
either a mold or mark feature.
24
FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
ISL62871, ISL62872
Ultra Thin Quad Flat No-Lead Plastic Package (UTQFN)
D
L16.2.6x1.8A
B
16 LEAD ULTRA THIN QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE
MILLIMETERS
6
INDEX AREA
2X
A
N
SYMBOL
E
0.10 C
1 2
2X
MIN
NOMINAL
MAX
NOTES
A
0.45
0.50
0.55
-
A1
-
-
0.05
-
0.10 C
A3
TOP VIEW
0.10 C
C
A
0.05 C
0.127 REF
-
b
0.15
0.20
0.25
5
D
2.55
2.60
2.65
-
E
1.75
1.80
1.85
-
e
0.40 BSC
-
SEATING PLANE
A1
SIDE VIEW
L
0.35
0.40
0.45
-
L1
0.45
0.50
0.55
-
N
16
2
Nd
4
3
Ne
4
3
e
PIN #1 ID
θ
1 2
0
-
12
NX L
L1
Rev. 4 8/06
NX b 5
16X
0.10 M C A B
0.05 M C
(DATUM B)
(DATUM A)
4
BOTTOM VIEW
NOTES:
1. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to ASME Y14.5-1994.
2. N is the number of terminals.
3. Nd and Ne refer to the number of terminals on D and E side,
respectively.
4. All dimensions are in millimeters. Angles are in degrees.
5. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured
between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.
6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be
either a mold or mark feature.
CL
(A1)
NX (b)
L
5
8. Maximum allowable burrs is 0.076mm in all directions.
e
SECTION "C-C"
7. Maximum package warpage is 0.05mm.
TERMINAL TIP
C C
9. JEDEC Reference MO-255.
10. For additional information, to assist with the PCB Land Pattern
Design effort, see Intersil Technical Brief TB389.
3.00
1.80
1.40
1.40
2.20
0.90
0.40
0.20
0.50
0.20
0.40
10 LAND PATTERN
All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems.
Intersil Corporation’s quality certifications can be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without
notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
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FN6707.0
August 14, 2008
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