MICRF302 Parallel Encoder General Description Features • Small form factor: 10-pin MLF® package • Wide operating voltage range: 1.8 V to 3.6 V • Low current consumption: 130µA operating, 0.1µA Standby • On-chip clock generation requires no external components • Unique 20-bit internal address allows up to 1 million combinations to differentiate from adjacent encoders. • Selectable data rates: 0.6, 1, 3, 4.8kbps • 8-bit industry-standard CRC provides robust data protection • On-chip pullup resistors • On-chip deglitch makes it easy to use low-cost switches The MICRF302 is a parallel encoder which works with QwikRadio® family radios to significantly shorten design time for RF products. The part is easy to use, provides more communication distance, and it is extremely stable over operating temperature and operating voltage range. The MICRF302 Parallel Encoder makes the transmission of encoding data simple. This device encodes data from four input pins, which have internal pull-up resistors and deglitching circuitry. These inputs can be connected to switches or external circuitry. The MICRF302 outputs encoded data serially, and can be connected directly to any QwikRadio® transmitter without any additional components. The MICRF302 gives communication reliability through built-in CRC (cyclic redundancy check). The MICRF302 needs no external components for clock generation. Unlike other encoders on the market, there is no shift in performance with associated changes in operating temperature nor operating voltage. The internal clock provides stable data operations over a wide temperature range of -40°C to +85°C. MICRF302 can operate from 1.8 V to 3.6 V. The MICRF302 is battery friendly, and will work with alkaline, NiCd, NiMh, lithium ion, or lithium batteries. Applications • • • • • • • • • • Light switches Appliance controls Christmas lights Fan and HVAC switches Remote half switches Garage door openers Remote controls Toys Lawn watering sensors Robust, unidirectional, low cost, low power, low data rate communications links _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ordering Information Part Number Marking Code Temperature Range Package XA02 -40ºC to +85ºC 10-pin 2.5mm × 2.5mm MLF® MICRF302YML Note: 1. MLF is a GREEN RoHS compliant package. Lead finish is NiPdAu. Mold compound is Halogen Free. QwikRadio is a registered trademark of Micrel, Inc. MLF and MicroLead Frame are registered trademark of Amkor Technology Micrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com October 2008 M9999-100908-A Micrel, Inc. MICRF302 Typical Application D0 D1 D2 D3 DOUT MICRF302 ENCODER TXEN TRANSMITTER RECEIVER DO MCU Figure 1. RF Link Figure 2. MICRF302 and Micrel Transmitter October 2008 2 M9999-100908-A Micrel, Inc. MICRF302 Pin Configuration ® 10-Pin MLF Package Pin Description Pin Number Pin Name Pin Function D3 1 Switch Input 3 D2 2 Switch Input 2 D1 3 Switch Input 1 D0 4 Switch Input 0 Typical applications connect D0-D3 to ground with a push-button switch. Unused switch inputs can just be left unconnected. D0-D3 are deglitched by the MICRF302; pulses shorter than 8 ms are rejected. VSS 5 Negative Supply (Ground) SEL0 6 Data rate select 0 SEL1 7 Data rate select 1 The data rate select pins must be connected to VDD or VSS, and select the data rate as follows: 00: 600 bps 01: 1 kpbs 10: 3 kbps 11: 4.8 kbps TXEN 8 Transmitter Enable The active-high enable turns on a companion transmitter 40 ms before baseband data transmission starts. This delay allows the Transmitter’s PLLs to lock. DOUT 9 RF Baseband Data Output Data from the MICRF302 is Manchester-coded. VDD October 2008 10 Positive Supply 3 M9999-100908-A Micrel, Inc. MICRF302 Absolute Maximum Ratings(1) Operating Ratings(2) Supply Voltage (VDD) ……………………...…-0.3 V to +4 V Voltage on Any Pin................... VSS - 0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V Junction Temperature ................................-55°C to +150°C Storage Temperature .................................-65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10 s)......................... +300°C ESD Rating(3) ......................................................... 2kV HBM Supply Voltage (VDD)...................................... 1.8 V to 3.6 V Ambient/junction Temperature.....................-40°C to +85°C Electrical Characteristics VIN = 3.3V; TA = 25°C, bold values indicate –40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C, unless noted. Parameter Condition Operating Supply Current Standby Current Min Typ Max Units Fully Operational 130 200 µA Chip Disabled 0.3 1 µA Analog Section MICRF302 Parallel Encoder Timing (Note 4) On-chip oscillator frequency accuracy Does not depend on data rate One bit time -10 0 +10 % 0.9 1.0 1.1 ms One packet time 98 ms Delay between data packets 5 ms <1 µs Switch closure to TXEN (TD_TXEN) Does not depend on data rate (6) Does not depend on data rate Transmit Timeout Transmit Enable to Data Out (TTXEN_DOUT) Pulse rejection (deglitch) by D0-D3 (Note 5) Does not depend on data rate 22.5 25 27.5 s 36 40 44 ms 7.2 8 8.8 ms 0.1 VDD V Digital Section Input Low Voltage D0 to D3 pins Input High Voltage D0 to D3 pins 0.9 VDD V Output High Voltage TXEN/DOUT pin, 1µA Load 0.9 VDD V Output Low Voltage TXEN/DOUT pin, 1µA Load Output Tr, Tf TXEN/DOUT pin, Cload = 15pF 10 µs DOUT and TXEN, Output Current Source at 0.8 VDD 3 mA Sink at 0.2 VDD 10 0.1 VDD V Notes: 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating 3. This device is ESD sensitive 4. Timing numbers are for a data rate of 1 kbps. Except where shown, all data timing scales linearly with the data rate. 5. In this context, deglitching refers to the D0-D3 pins’ ability to reject high- or low-going glitches. Deglitching makes it much easier to use low-cost push-to-make switches which have inherently noisy contacts. 6. Guaranteed by design. October 2008 4 M9999-100908-A Micrel, Inc. MICRF302 Functional Diagram Figure 3. MICRF302 Parallel Encoder Functional Diagram October 2008 5 M9999-100908-A Micrel, Inc. MICRF302 Functional Description PPROM Trim Overview The Poly-fuse Programmable Read-Only Memory stores the MICRF302’s unique address (see the PPROM ID block), as well as other necessary information. The MICRF302 is an encoder that prepares data for transmission across an RF link. It is a parallel encoder, meaning that it provides multiple parallel inputs for connection to low-cost push-button switches. Power-On Reset The MICRF302 encoder translates push button closures, any combination of D0 to D3, into baseband packets using a set of internal logic blocks, which we describe here. Please refer to the Functional Diagram while reading the following paragraphs. This self-contained, on-chip reset generator manages the behavior of the MICRF302 when power is initially applied, for example when a battery is inserted into the transmitter. The POR sequencer and PPROM control logic powers up the PPROM, loads important information into internal registers, powers down the PPROM, and then puts the whole chip into its standby state, ready for the first button push event. Switch Deglitch and Register When a button is pushed, the switch input is deglitched to remove transient pulses shorter than 8 ms. The state of the buttons is frozen and registered prior to transmission. If multiple buttons are pushed within one deglitch/sample time, their active levels will all be included in the transmitted data. Packet Multiplexor The packet multiplexor chooses the appropriate information for the MICRF302 to build and transmit a packet. Under direction of the encoder state machine, packet generation, packet assembly logic, the packet multiplexor serializes the entire packet. The packet consists of: preamble, dead time, sync field, address, and data. The packet multiplexor feeds into CRC generation and data mux sections. CRF Generation computes the industry-standard 8-bit CRC. The data mux chooses the right information to be sent to the transmitter. The data mux also ensures that the DOUT pin is inactive when no packet transmission is in progress. Power Management Immediately after any switch closure, the MICRF302 wakes from its standby (low-power) state and asserts the TXEN output to start the RF transmitter. The Power Management circuitry keeps the MICRF302 active during packet transmission, then supervises the transition back to the standby state. Clock Oscillator The on-chip, trimmed oscillator is started by the Power Management logic after startup (button press). It times all internal events and sets the bit rate of the baseband data via the clock generator. The clock oscillator maintains its set frequency with a tolerance of ±10% over process, voltage, and temperature variations October 2008 Inter-Packet Delay Getting its timing information from the Clock Generator, the inter-packet delay block inserts the correct delay between the four packets in a set. After each interpacket delay, the packet is repeated, increasing the probability of accurate detection at the receiver. 6 M9999-100908-A Micrel, Inc. MICRF302 D0 D1 D2 D3 DOUT MICRF302 ENCODER TXEN TRANSMITTER DO RECEIVER MCU Figure 4. Parallel Encoder / Decoder Configuration PREAMBLE DEAD TIME SYNC ADDRESS DATA CRC Figure 5. Data Transmission Packet Format decoder wakeup and synchronization Operation Overview 2. Dead Time (3 bit-times) allows the receiver’s AGC to increase its sensitivity The Figure 4 shows the basic operation of a parallel encoder/decoder configuration. When a button is pushed (known as a push event), the MICRF302 Encoder sends packets of data to the transmitter. Each packet contains encoded data bits, suitable for transmission across an ASK or FSK RF communications channel. The receiver demodulates the baseband information from the RF carrier, which is then decoded by the MCU. 3. Sync (four bits, 1111) identifies the end of the preamble and the start of the payload 4. DEVADR—20 bits of Device Address—identifies one unique Encoder that’s transmitting. decoders compare the DEVADR field against their own value and only accept the packet if a match is found. The 20-bit device address is programmed at the factory to a unique value for each part. Data Transmission In any communications link we must be sure that the decoder puts out what the encoder puts in. Lost data is acceptable when the encoder and decoder are out of range, but incorrect data is completely unacceptable when the encoder and decoder are within range. Micrel’s MICRF302 uses an error management hierarchy to prevent bad data getting through the link: 1. Data is encoded using Manchester encoding RF 5. Data (8 bits) carries the “real” information within the packet. 6. CRC—Cyclic Redundancy Check—(8 bits) lets the Decoder check for errors in the packet Data Format Manchester-coded data has two distinguishing features that make it an excellent choice for low-cost RF data exchange: receiver-friendly 1. Its 50% duty cycle is very friendly to RF receivers. 2. An industry-standard CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) ensures that data is good before being accepted by the decoder 2. It always has a transition at the center of every bit (Figure 6). This certainty of a transition simplifies the decoder’s task of recovering the encoder’s clock rate and then actually decoding the data stream. 3. Data is sent in packets. Each packet has a preamble, sync field, and a payload. Packets are sent in groups of four. So even though four identical packets are transmitted, a single valid packet received by the Decoder is sufficient to change the Decoder’s outputs. Please see operating manual of the MICRF302 for details. Manchester-coded data is shown here: Packet Format Each data packet consists of a number of fields, shown in Figure 5. A packet consists of six fields: 1. Preamble (32 bits, all zero) is for receiver and October 2008 Figure 6. Manchester Coded Data 7 M9999-100908-A Micrel, Inc. MICRF302 MICRF302 Parallel Encoder Features TX Enable The MICRF302 TXEN is normally low and goes activehigh ~ 40 ms before data is seen at the output (Figure 7, 8) and remains high until D0-D3 is deactivated or the internal MICRF302 time out has elapsed (Figure 9). Transmit Timeout The MICRF302 implements a 25-second (nominal) transmit timeout timer. If a user pushes an MICRF302 button and holds it down, transmission of packets (in repeated groups of four) will continue for no more than 25 seconds. Afterwards, the MICRF302 shuts down and waits to be restarted by another button push. The button must be released before it can be pushed again to restart packet transmission. TX Enable, SEL0=SEL1=VSS The purpose of the transmit timeout is to prevent battery drain and unnecessary transmission where a user might, for example, sit on a remote control. Preamble/Dead-Time/Sync Format The MICRF302 sends a lengthy amount of information at the start of the packet to help the decoder synchronize to the incoming data stream. The format is as followed: 1. 32 zeros 2. Three-bit dead time of no Manchester-coded data. This allows the MICRF302 to be used with receivers whose AGC benefits from the presence of a dead time. Figure 7. TX Enable Output and Data Output 3. Four ones (1111) mark the end of the preamble, dead time, and sync. The bit following the last one of the four is the first data bit of the 20-bit DEVADR field. Inter-Packet Delay The delay (dead time, no Manchester-coded data) between subsequent packets is always eight bit-times. Important: Encoder Bit-Time Variation The frequency of the MICRF302’s on-chip oscillator varies by ±10% over supply voltage, temperature, and manufacturing tolerances. It is important to remember that this means that the MICRF302 Encoder’s bit time does not vary by ±10%; it varies as follows. Consider an MICRF302 Encoder set to transmit at a nominal rate of 1 kHz, with a nominal bit-time of 1 ms. The transmit frequency will then fall in the range of 900 Hz to 1.1 kHz. The corresponding bit-times are 1.111 ms to 0.909 ms. This actually corresponds to a variation in bit-time of – 9.1% to +11.1%. It is critical that the decoder accommodate incoming data streams whose bit-times fall within this range, not ±10%. October 2008 Figure 8. TX Enable Output and Data Output Zoom In 8 M9999-100908-A Micrel, Inc. MICRF302 MICRF211 and MICRF302 Data Output Figure 9. MICRF302 Time Figure 10. Micrel Receiver Example Receiving MICRF302 Data Output Figure 10 is an example of an RF link when a Micrel MICRF211 radio receiver is used to receive and demodulate a transmitted MICRF302 baseband signal. The MICRF302 Tester or the TX112-MICRF302 KEYFOB can be used to transmit the MICRF302 baseband signal. October 2008 9 M9999-100908-A Micrel, Inc. MICRF302 Application Information Example: Four Button Transmitter using MICRF302 Encoder and MICRF112 Transmitter Device Figure 11. TX112-MICRF302 KEYFOB Evaluation Board Schematic October 2008 10 M9999-100908-A Micrel, Inc. MICRF302 MICRF302 Decoder Board Assembly MICRF302 Decoder, Figure 12 uses a QwikRadio® receiver to receive the MICRF302 protocol. The data output of the receiver will go to a Microchip PIC16F689 that has been programmed to decode the MICRF302 protocol. Further details about the design and operation of the decoder/encoder (Figure 16) are available in the MICRF302 Encoder/Decoder Users Guide. Design files are available upon request. Figure 12. MICRF302 Decoder Assembly October 2008 11 M9999-100908-A Micrel, Inc. MICRF302 Decoder and Encoder Test Configuration using a Micrel Transmitter and Receiver Figure 13. Test Configuration October 2008 12 M9999-100908-A Micrel, Inc. MICRF302 PCB Board Layout Figure 16. TX112-MICRF302 KEYFOB Evaluation Board, Bottom View Figure 14. TX112-MICRF302 Evaluation Board Assembly Figure 15. TX112-MICRF302 KEYFOB Evaluation Board, Top View October 2008 13 M9999-100908-A Micrel, Inc. MICRF302 Bill of Materials TX112-MICRF302 KEYFOB Evaluation Board Bill of Materials Item Quantity Reference Part 1 1 ANTENNA 2 1 BT1 3 volts, BATTERYHOLDER 23MM/COINCELL/THM 3 1 C1 4.7uF 6.3V ANTENNA PCB Footprint ANTENNA_LOOP2 0805 4 1 C2 100pF 50V 0603 5 1 C4 1pF 0603 6 1 C5 22pF 50V 0603 7 3 C6 Not Placed 0603 C11 Not Placed 0603 C16 Not Placed 0603 8 1 C7 3.9pF 0603 9 2 C13 10pF 0603 C14 10pF 0603 0.1µF 50V 0603 10 1 C17 11 2 JPR1 0 OHMS 0402 JPR3 0 OHMS 0402 12 1 JPR2 0 OHMS NP 0402 13 1 L1 680nH 0805 14 1 L3 33nH 0603 15 1 L4 0 OHMS 0603 16 1 R1 (NC) 0402 17 1 R2 100K 0402 18 1 R4 100K 0402 19 1 R7 0 OHMS/ TBD 0603 20 4 S1 SW PUSHBUTTON SW/PB/KEYBOARD S2 SW PUSHBUTTON SW/PB/KEYBOARD S3 SW PUSHBUTTON SW/PB/KEYBOARD S4 SW PUSHBUTTON SW/PB/KEYBOARD MICRF112YMM 10P-MSOP 21 1 U1 22 1 U2 MICRF302 10P-MLF 23 1 Y1 13.560MHz See MICRF112 Data Sheet Note: 1. Resistor, +/-5%, Vishay or equivalent. 2. Capacitor, ceramic, +/-5% Vishay, Murata or equivalent. 3. Inductors, 0603, 0805 Coilcraft CS series, wire wound, 5% or equivalent. October 2008 14 M9999-100908-A Micrel, Inc. MICRF302 Package Information 10-Pin MLF® (ML) MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. © 2008 Micrel, Incorporated. October 2008 15 M9999-100908-A