UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD GV4145A LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT LOW POWER GROUND FAULT INTERRUPTER DESCRIPTION The UTC GV4145A is a low power controller for AC outlet ground fault interrupters. These devices detect hazardous grounding conditions, such as equipment (connected to opposite phases of the AC line) in contact with a pool of water and open circuits the line before a harmful or lethal shock occurs. Contained internally are a 26V zener shunt regulator, an opamp, and an SCR driver. With the addition of two sense transformers, a bridge rectifier, an SCR, a relay, and a few additional components, the UTC GV4145A will detect and protect against both hot wire to ground and neutral wire to ground faults. Ease of application and long-term reliability. FEATURES Lead-free: GV4145AL Halogen-free: GV4145AG * No potentiomenter required * Direct interface to SCR * Supply voltage derived from AC line-26V shunt * Adjustable sensitivity * Grounded neutral fault detection * Meets U.L.943 standards * 450μA quiescent current * I deal for 120V or 220V systems ORDERING INFORMATION Normal GV4145A-S08-R GV4145A-S08-T GV4145A-D08-T Ordering Number Lead Free Plating GV4145AL-S08-R GV4145AL-S08-T GV4145AL-D08-T www.unisonic.com.tw Copyright © 2008 Unisonic Technologies Co., Ltd Halogen Free GV4145AG-S08-R GV4145AG-S08-T GV4145AG-D08-T Package Packing SOP-8 SOP-8 DIP-8 Tape Reel Tube Tube 1 of 8 QW-R122-006.B GV4145A LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT PIN CONFIGURATION UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw 2 of 8 QW-R122-006.B GV4145A LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT BLOCK DIAGRAM VFB + R1 10K +Input Op Amp Output R2 10K VREF (+13V) 6.5V 6.5V + GND R3 4.7K UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw 6.5V 6.5V +Vs (+26V) + SCR Trigger 3 of 8 QW-R122-006.B GV4145A LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT INTERNAL SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw 4 of 8 QW-R122-006.B GV4145A LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATING PARAMETER SYMBOL RATINGS UNIT Supply Current ICC 18 mA Power Dissipation PD 500 mW ℃ Junction Temperature TJ 125 ℃ Operating Temperature TOPR -35~+85 ℃ Storage Temperature TSTG -65~+150 Note: Absolute maximum ratings are those values beyond which the device could be permanently damaged. Absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only and functional device operation is not implied. THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETER SYMBOL SOP-8 DIP-8 Junction-to-Ambient TYP 240 160 θJA MAX UNIT ℃/W ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Ta=25℃, IS=1.5mA ) PARAMETER Detector Reference Voltage SHUNT REGULATOR Zener Voltage Reference Voltage Quiescent Current OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER Offset Voltage +Output Voltage Swing - Output Voltage Swing +Output Source Current - Output Source Current Gain Bandwidth Product R1 Resistors R2 Resistors R3 Resistors SCR Trigger Voltage Detector ON SCR Trigger Voltage Detector OFF MIN SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS VREF(DET) Pin 7 ~ Pin 3 MIN 6.8 TYP 7.2 MAX UNIT 8.1 ±V 26 13 450 29.2 14.6 750 VZ VREF IQ Pin 6 ~ Pin 4 Pin 3 ~ Pin 4 +Vs=24V 25 12.5 VOS VOH VOL PIN 2 ~ PIN 3 Pin 7 ~ Pin 3 Pin 7 ~ Pin 3 Pin 7 ~ Pin 3 Pin 7 ~ Pin 3 F=50KHZ Pin 1 ~ Pin 3 ,IS=0mA Pin 2 ~ Pin 3 ,IS=0mA Pin 5 ~ Pin 4 ,IS=0mA Pin 5 ~ Pin 4 Pin 5 ~ Pin 4 -3.0 6.8 -9.5 IO(SOURCE) IO(SINK) GBW R1 R2 R3 VON(SCR) VOFF(SCR) 1.0 3.5 1.5 0 V V μA 0.5 +3.0 MV 7.2 8.1 V -11.2 -13.5 V 650 μA 1.0 mA 1.8 MHz 10 KΩ 10 KΩ 4.7 5.9 KΩ 2.8 V 1 10 mV ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (-35℃≤ Ta≤ +85℃, IS=1.5mA ) PARAMETER Detector Reference Voltage Shunt Regulator Zener Voltage Reference Voltage Quiescent Current(Is) Operational Amplifier Offset Voltage +Output Voltage Swing - Output Voltage Swing Gain Bandwidth Product Resistors R1 Resistors R2 Resistors R3 SCR Trigger Voltage Detector On SCR Trigger Voltage Detector Off SYMBOL VREF(DET) Vz VREF IQ VOS VOH VOL GBW R1 R2 R3 VON(SCR) VOFF(SCR) TEST CONDITIONS Pin 7 ~ Pin 3 MIN 6.5 TYP 7.2 MAX 8.3 UNIT ±V Pin 6 ~ Pin 4 Pin 3 ~ Pin 4 +Vs=23V 24 12 26 13 500 30 15 V V μA Pin 2 ~ Pin 3 Pin 7 ~ Pin 3 Pin 7 ~ Pin 3 F=50KHZ Pin 1 ~ Pin 3, IS=0mA Pin 2 ~ Pin 3, IS=0mA Pin 5 ~ Pin 4, IS=0mA Pin 5 ~ Pin 4 Pin 5 ~ Pin 4 -5.0 6.5 -9. 0.5 7.2 -11.2 1.8 10 10 4.7 2.8 3 +5.0 8.3 -14 mV V V MHz KΩ KΩ KΩ V mV UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw 3.5 1.3 0 5.9 50 5 of 8 QW-R122-006.B GV4145A LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION The 26V shunt regulator voltage generated by the string of zener diodes is divided into three reference voltages:3/4Vs, 1/2Vs, and 1/4Vs. VREF is at 1/2Vs and is used as a reference to create an artifical ground of +13V at the op amp noniverting input. Figure 1 shows a three-wire 120V AC outlet GFI application using an UTC GV4145A, Fault signals from the sense transformer are AC coupled into the input and are amplified according to the following equation: V7=RSENSE×ISENSE/N Where V7 is the RMS voltage at pin7 relative to pin 3, RSENSE is the value of the feedback resistor connected from pin 7 to pin 1, ISENSE is the fault current in amps RMS and N is the turns ratio of the transformer. When V7 exceeds plus or minus 7.2V relative to pin 3 the SCR Trigger output will go high and fire the external SCR. The formula for V7 is approximate because it does not include the sense transformer characteristics. Grounded neutral fault detection is accomplished when a short or fault closes a magnetic path between the sense transformer and the grounded neutral transformer. The resultant AC coupling closes a positive feedback path around the op amp, and therefore the op amp oscillates. When the peaks of the oscillation voltage exceed the SCR trigger comparator thresholds, the SCR output will go high. SHUNT REGULATOR RLINE limits the current into the shunt regulator; 220V applications will require substituting a 47kΩ 2W resistor. In addition to supplying power to the IC, the shunt regulator creates internal reference voltages( see above). OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER RSENSE is a feedback resistor that sets gain and therefore sensitivity to normal faults. To adjust RSENSE, follow this procedure: apply the desired fault current (a difference in current of 5mA is the UL943 standard). Adjust RSENSE upward until the SCR activates. A fixed resistor can be used for RSENSE, since the resultant ±15% variation in sensitivity will meet UL’s 943 4~6mA specification window. The roll-off frequency is greater than the grounded neutral fault oscillation frequency, in order to preserve loop gain for oscillation (which is determined by the inductance of the 200:1 transformer and C4). The sensitivity to grounded neutral faults is adjusted by changing the frequency of oscillation. Increasing the frequency reduces the sensitivity by reducing the loop gain of the positive feedback circuit. As frequency increases, the signal becomes attenuated and the loop gain decreases. With the values shown the circuit will detect a grounded neutral fault having resistance of 2Ωor less. The input to the op amp are protected from overvoltage by back-to back diodes. SCR DRIVER The SCR used must have a high dV/dt rating to ensure that line noise (generated by noisy appliances such as a drill motor) does not falsely trigger the SCR. Also, the SCR must have a gate drive requirement of less than 200μA.CF is a noise filter capacitor that prevents narrow pulses from firing the SCR. The relay solenoid used should have a 3ms or less response time in order to meet the UL 943 timing requirement. SENSE TRANSFORMERS AND CORES The sense and grounded neutral transformer cores are usually fabricated using high permeability laminated steel rings. Their single turn primary is created by passing the line and neutral wires through the center of its core. The secondary is usually from 200 to 1500 turns. TWO-WIRE APPLICATION CIRCUIT Figure 2 shows the diagram of a 2-wire 120V AC outlet GFI circuit using an UTC GV4145A. This circuit is not designed to detect grounded neutral faults. Thus, the grounded neutral transformer and capacitors C3 and C4 of Figure 1 are not used. UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw 6 of 8 QW-R122-006.B GV4145A LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT Line Figure 1. GFI Application Circuit (Three-Wire Outlet) Figure 2. GFI Application Circuit (Two-Wire Outlet) Note: Value depends on transformer characteristics. UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw 7 of 8 QW-R122-006.B GV4145A LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT UTC assumes no responsibility for equipment failures that result from using products at values that exceed, even momentarily, rated values (such as maximum ratings, operating condition ranges, or other parameters) listed in products specifications of any and all UTC products described or contained herein. UTC products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of these products can be reasonably expected to result in personal injury. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD www.unisonic.com.tw 8 of 8 QW-R122-006.B