Freescale Semiconductor Advance Information Document Number: 34727 Rev. 1.0, 5/2008 600mA High Efficiency Low Quiescent Current Synchronous Buck Regulator With Z-mode The 34727 is a high efficiency, low quiescent current (IQ), synchronous buck regulator, implementing Freescale’s innovative Z-mode architecture. Freescale’s Z-mode architecture greatly improves the ripple performance during light load currents, but still maintains a low quiescent current of 65µA, at no load in “Sleepy” Zmode. The 34727 accepts an input voltage in the range of 2.7 to 5.5V, making it ideally suited for single cell Li-Ion based applications. Factory preset output voltages, ranging from 0.8 to 3.3V, reduce the number of required auxiliary components. The part is able to provide 600mA of continuous load current across the input and the output voltage ranges. The 34727 switches at 2.0MHz to allow the use of small surface mount inductors and capacitors, to save precious board space. The 34727 is available in the small, space saving, and low cost, 2x2 UDFN-8 packages. The part is guaranteed for operation over the -25°C to +85°C temperature range. Features • 94% peak efficiency • 2.0MHz switching frequency • Automatic transition to energy saving light load Z-mode (low ripple) • 2.7V to 5.5V input voltage range • Fixed output voltage options from 0.8V to 3.3V • 65µA quiescent current during sleepy Z-mode • 600mA maximum continuous output current • Internal 2.0ms soft start • Thermal and over-current protection • 0.1µA quiescent current in shutdown (disabled) • Ultra thin 2x2 UDFN package • Pb-free packaging designated by suffix code FC 34727 2.7V ~ 5.5V CIN VIN 34727 POWER MANAGEMENT IC Bottom View FC SUFFIX (PB-FREE) 98ASA10787D 8-PIN UDFN 2X2 ORDERING INFORMATION Device Temperature Range (TA) Package -25°C to 85°C 8-UDFN MC34727AFC/R2 MC34727BFC/R2 MC34727CFC/R2 L1 0.8 - 3.3V * 600mA SW FB COUT EN ON OFF GND Figure 1. 34727 Typical Operating Circuit * This document contains certain information on a new product. Specifications and information herein are subject to change without notice. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2008. All rights reserved. *Programmable See table 1 DEVICE VARIATIONS DEVICE VARIATIONS Table 1. Device Variations Freescale Part No. VIN Range Output Voltage(1) Maximum Load Current Switch Frequency (MHz)(2) MC34727AFC 2.7 - 5.5V 1.2V 600mA 2.0 MC34727BFC 2.7 - 5.5V 1.8V 600mA 2.0 MC34727CFC 3.6 - 5.5V 3.3V 600mA 2.0 Notes 1. Output voltages of: 0.8V, 0.9V, 1.0V, 1.1V, 1.3V, 1.4V, 1.5V, 1.85V, 2.0V, 2.5V options available on request. Contact Freescale sales. 2. Factory programmable at 2.0MHz or 4.0Mhz. Contact Freescale sales for availability of the 4.0MHz functionality. MC34727 2 Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data Freescale Semiconductor INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM EN VIN Osc. Internal Regulator – + FB Ref. VIN + – Buck Controller Thermal Shutdown SW (2) Current Limit PWM Ref. – + UVLO Soft Start NC GND (2) Figure 2. MC34727 Simplified Internal Block Diagram MC34727 Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data Freescale Semiconductor 3 PIN CONNECTIONS PIN CONNECTIONS Transparent Top View VIN 1 8 SW GND 2 7 SW GND 3 6 NC EN 4 5 FB 2x2 UDFN-8 (Non EP) Figure 3. MC34727 Pin Connections Table 2. MC34727 Pin Definitions A functional description of each pin can be found in the Functional Pin Description section beginning on page 10. Pin Number Pin Name Pin Function Formal Name Definition 1 VIN Input Supply Voltage Input 2 GND Ground Ground Ground 3 GND Ground Ground Low noise ground 4 EN Input Enable Active high enable input 5 FB Input Feedback Input Feedback of the output voltage 6 NC N/A No Connection Internally not connected. Connect to GND externally 7 SW Output Switching Node This terminal connects to the output inductor 8 SW Output Switching Node This terminal connects to the output inductor Power input MC34727 4 Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data Freescale Semiconductor ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS MAXIMUM RATINGS ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS MAXIMUM RATINGS Table 3. Maximum Ratings All voltages are with respect to ground unless otherwise noted. Exceeding these ratings may cause a malfunction or permanent damage to the device. Ratings Symbol Value Unit All pins voltages VIN, VEN, VFB, VSW -0.3 to 6.0 V ESD Voltage(1) VESD ELECTRICAL RATINGS V Human Body Model (HBM) ±2000 Machine Model (MM) ±200 THERMAL RATINGS Operating Ambient Temperature Range TA -25 to +85 °C Storage Temperature Range TSTG -25 to +150 °C Maximum Lead Temperature(2),(3) TPPRT Note 3 °C Junction Temperature °C TJ Operating Junction Temperature 125 Maximum Junction Temperature +150 Thermal Resistance(4) °C/W Junction-to-Case RθJC 104 Junction-to-Ambient RθJA 122 Power Dissipation Continuous (Derate 3.0mW/°C and over TA = 70°C) W PD 0.5 Notes 1. ESD testing is performed in accordance with the Human Body Model (HBM) (CZAP = 100pF, RZAP = 1500Ω), and the Machine Model (MM) (CZAP = 200pF, RZAP = 0Ω). 2. 3. 4. Pin soldering temperature limit is for 10 seconds maximum duration. Not designed for immersion soldering. Exceeding these limits may cause malfunction or permanent damage to the device. Freescale’s Package Reflow capability meets Pb-free requirements for JEDEC standard J-STD-020C. For Peak Package Reflow Temperature and Moisture Sensitivity Levels (MSL). Go to www.freescale.com, search by part number [e.g. remove prefixes/suffixes and enter the core ID to view all orderable parts. (i.e. MC33xxxD enter 33xxx), and review parametrics. Device mounted on the Freescale EVB test board per JEDEC DESD51-2. MC34727 Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data Freescale Semiconductor 5 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS STATIC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS STATIC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Table 4. Static Electrical Characteristics Characteristics noted under conditions; 2.7V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V, 0.8V ≤ VOUT ≤ 3.3V, -25oC ≤ TA ≤ 85oC, CIN = COUT = 4.7µF, L1 = 4.7µH (See Figure 1), unless otherwise noted. The typical specifications are measured at the following conditions; TA = +25oC, VIN = 3.6V, fSW = 2.0MHz with the typical operating circuit (See Figure 1), unless otherwise noted. Characteristic Symbol Min Typ Max Unit VIN 2.7 - 5.5 V Output Voltage (Factory preset) VOUT 0.8 - 3.3 V Output Current IOUT 600 - - mA Supply Voltage Total Supply Current (5) Quiescent Current (Switching) 1.0 - 65 85 - 900 - µA mA ∆VOUT Over load and temperature UVLO Threshold(6) 0.1 IPK Current rising at high side Output Voltage Accuracy (% of output voltage) IQ Sleepy Z-mode and ILOAD = 0mA Current Limit µA IDIS Regulator disabled VOUT -3% - 3% VUVLO V VIN: 2.7 -5.5V VIN rising - - 2.7 VIN falling 2.5 - - Regulator operating 1.6 - - Regulator shutdown - - 0.4 - 250 - - 350 - - 0.5 - Enable Voltage High Side Power MOSFET On Resistance VEN RDS(ON)H VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 1.8V, TA = 40°C, ILOAD = 150mA Low Side Power MOSFET On Resistance % ∆VOUT/∆VIN VIN = 2.7V to 5.5V Start-up Overshoot (% of output voltage) mΩ ∆VOUT/∆IOUT 1.0mA < ILOAD < 600mA and VOUT = 1.8V Line Regulation mΩ RDS(ON)L VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 1.8V, TA = 40°C, ILOAD = 150mA Load Regulation V % - 0.5 - - 3% - VSTO ILOAD = 0mA, VOUT = 1.8V and COUT = 4.7µF VOUT Thermal Shutdown Threshold (Junction Temperature) TSTDN - 140 - °C Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis (Junction Temperature) THYSTR - 10 - °C Notes 5. Maximum IDIS measured at VIN = 3.6V and TA = 25°C. 6. For a product with a VOUT of 3.3V and a VIN minimum less than 3.6V, the VOUT value will track (drop below 3.3V) VIN down to a value of 2.5V, where the UVLO shutdown mechanism will activate. MC34727 6 Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data Freescale Semiconductor ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS DYNAMIC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS DYNAMIC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Table 5. Dynamic Electrical Characteristics Characteristics noted under conditions; 2.7V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V, 0.8V ≤ VOUT ≤ 3.3V, -25oC ≤ TA ≤ 85oC, CIN = COUT = 4.7µF, L1 = 4.7µH(See Figure 1), unless otherwise noted. The typical specifications are measured at the following conditions; TA = +25oC, VIN = 3.6V, fSW = 2.0MHz with the typical operating circuit (See Figure 1), unless otherwise noted. Characteristic Switching Frequency Symbol Min Typ Max Unit (7) fSW 1.8 2.0 2.2 MHz (8) DMAX Maximum Duty Cycle Measured from SW pin Internal Soft-start Timer % 95 - 100 - 2.0 - tS VOUT Rise Time ms Notes 7. fSW can be factory programmed to ±20% of nominal 2.0MHz. 8. The maximum duty limits the range of output voltages achievable for a given input voltage. MC34727 Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data Freescale Semiconductor 7 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES 100 VEN (10V/DIV) Time: 500µs/DIV Efficiency (%) 80 60 40 VIN=2.7V VIN=3.6V VIN=5.5V 20 0 0.1 1 10 ILOAD (mA) IL (200mA/DIV) 100 1000 Figure 4. Efficiency vs. Load Current VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 1.2V, TA=25oC Figure 7. Start-up Response ILOAD = 0mA, VOUT=1.2V Time: 100µs/DIV 0.4 Line Regulation (%) VOUT (200mV/DIV) VOUT (1V/DIV) VSW (2V/DIV) 0.0 -0.4 ILOAD=0mA ILOAD=100mA ILOAD=600mA -0.8 -1.2 3 4 VIN (V) IL (100mA/DIV) 5 Figure 8. Sleepy Z-mode Switching Waveforms VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 1.2V and ILOAD = 1.0mA Figure 5. Line Regulation VIN is 2.7V to 5.5V and VOUT is 1.2V Load Regulation (%) 1 Time: 2µs/DIV 0 VOUT (1V/DIV) VSW (2V/DIV) -1 -2 -3 -4 0.0 VIN=2.7V VIN=3.6V VIN=5.5V 0.2 0.4 0.6 IL (100mA/DIV) ILOAD (A) Figure 6. Load Regulation 1.0mA < ILOAD < 600mA, VOUT = 1.2V Figure 9. Z-mode Switching Waveforms VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 1.2V and ILOAD = 10mA MC34727 8 Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data Freescale Semiconductor ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES VOUT (1V/DIV) Time: 500ns/DIV Time: 200µs/DIV VSW (2V/DIV) VSW (2V/DIV) IL (100mA/DIV) Figure 10. CCM Switching Waveforms VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 1.2V and ILOAD = 300mA ILOAD (500mA/DIV) Figure 12. Load Transient in Z-mode VIN = 3.6V, ILOAD =10mA to 600mA Time: 200µs/DIV Time: 200µs/DIV VOUT (AC Coupled, 100mV/DIV) VOUT (AC Coupled, 100mV/DIV) VOUT (AC Coupled, 100mV/DIV) VSW (2V/DIV) VSW (2V/DIV) ILOAD (200mA/DIV) ILOAD (200mA/DIV) Figure 11. Load Transient in Sleepy Z-mode VIN = 3.6V, ILOAD =1.0mA to 300mA Figure 13. Load Transient in CCM VIN = 3.6V, ILOAD = 300mA to 600mA MC34727 Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data Freescale Semiconductor 9 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION INTRODUCTION FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION INTRODUCTION The 34727 is a high efficiency, synchronous, buck regulator, utilizing a voltage mode control architecture with feed forward. It is capable of providing a 600mA load current for output voltages of 0.8V to 3.3V, from a single input voltage rail between 2.7V and 5.5V. In a buck converter, most of the losses at high output loads are due to conduction losses in the power train, but at light output loads, the conduction losses are reduced and most of the losses become switching losses. Using Freescale’s Zmode architecture, the 34727, at light output loads, will smoothly transition into a lower switching frequency, thus improving its efficiency. FUNCTIONAL PIN DESCRIPTION SUPPLY VOLTAGE INPUT (VIN) 2.7V to 5.5V DC power input. Bypass with a 4.7µF ceramic capacitor as close as possible to the VIN and GND pins. GROUND (GND) Ground. ENABLE (EN) Active high enable input. EN is over-voltage protected to 6.0V, independent of the supply voltage. Drive with a logic high signal (or connect to VIN) for normal operation. Drive with a logic low signal, or connect to GND will disable the 34727. FEEDBACK INPUT (FB) Feedback of the output voltage. SWITCHING NODE (SW) This terminal connects to the output inductor. The node internally connects the drain of both the high side MOSFET and the low side MOSFET. NO CONNECTION (NC) Internally not connected. Connect to GND externally. MC34727 10 Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data Freescale Semiconductor FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONAL INTERNAL BLOCK DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONAL INTERNAL BLOCK DESCRIPTION MC34727 - Functional Block Diagram Integrated Supply Internal Regulator & Reference Oscillator Power MOSFET Control Thermal Shutdown Soft Start Undervoltage Lockout Current Limit Power MOSFET Driver Integrated Supply Oscillator Control MOSFET Figure 14. MC34727 Functional Internal Block Diagram INTEGRATED SUPPLY INTERNAL REGULATOR AND REFERENCE The internal regulator and reference block steps down the high input voltage to lower voltage, to power all the internal blocks, and provides the reference voltage for the other internal blocks. OSCILLATOR The oscillator block provides 2.0MHz clock signal to the controller. CONTROL THERMAL SHUTDOWN The thermal shutdown block monitors the die temperature. Once the die temperature reaches its threshold, this block turns off the device to prevent the further die temperature rise. SOFT-START The soft-start block controls the output voltage ramp after the device is enabled, to limit the in-rush current. The start-up time is internally set to approximately 2.0ms, and is independent of input voltage, output voltage, or load current. The soft-start sequence also occurs upon recovery from any fault condition. UVLO The UVLO block monitors the input voltage. Once the input voltage is lower than the falling threshold voltage, this block turns off the device, to avoid unpredictable circuit behavior. CURRENT LIMIT The current limit block monitors the inductor current. When the peak inductor current reaches its current limit, this block turns off the high side MOSFET, to prevent the device and external components from damage. POWER MOSFET DRIVER The power-MOSFET driver block controls the phase of the diver signals, and enhances the drive capability of these signals. POWER-MOSFET The power-MOSFET block contains two power MOSFETs. One is a PMOS that passes the current from the input to the output, and the other is an NMOS that provides the inductor current loop when PMOS is turned off. MC34727 Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data Freescale Semiconductor 11 FUNCTIONAL DEVICE OPERATION OPERATIONAL MODES FUNCTIONAL DEVICE OPERATION OPERATIONAL MODES Z-MODE OPERATION The 34727 operates as a typical fixed frequency, PWM regulator, at moderate to heavy load currents. As the load is decreased, such that operation transitions from continuous conduction mode (CCM) to discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), the duty cycle is reduced until it approaches 85% of the full load duty cycle. At this point, the 34727 transitions into Z-mode operation, where the Z-mode Factor is 0.85. In Zmode, the regulator skips pulses whenever the duty cycle is below 85% of the CCM duty cycle. As the load decreases, this pulse skipping reduces the switching frequency and the switching losses thus improving efficiency. For example, if a light load demanded a 30% duty cycle at 2.0MHz, with Zmode, this same load will require only (0.3/0.85)2 x 2.0MHz = 0.249MHz switching frequency, hence switching losses will be reduced by almost ten fold. Figure 15 illustrates the transition to and the exit from Zmode. VZERR VRAMP PWM PWM_Ref. Z Factor SW On Time Figure 15. Z-mode Operation SLEEPY Z-MODE OPERATION To improve low current efficiency, the 34727 transitions into the Sleepy Z-mode at load currents of approximately 1.0mA and lower. This is accomplished by powering down internal circuit blocks to lower the device’s quiescent current. Additionally, the oscillator frequency drops to 250kHz and the low side switch is turned off, to emulate the operation of an asynchronous buck converter. DETAILED FUNCTIONAL DEVICE OPERATION OVER-CURRENT PROTECTION SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION The 34727 implements two layers of protection during overload conditions. The first is a current limit feature to prevent the device and external components from damage. When the peak inductor current reaches the over-current limit, nominally 900mA, the high side MOSFET turns off to provide cycle by cycle protection. If the over-current condition persists and the die temperature surpasses the overtemperature protection (OTP) threshold, this second layer of protection shuts down the device. When a short-circuit condition occurs on the output, typical regulators will tend to operate at maximum duty cycle. This condition can saturate the inductor and produce severe peak currents, resulting in damage to the device. The 34727 avoids this scenario by detecting output voltages below 0.5V. Upon detection, the part re-starts continuously until the short circuit condition is removed, or the part surpasses its OTP threshold. MC34727 12 Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data Freescale Semiconductor FUNCTIONAL DEVICE OPERATION OPERATIONAL MODES OVER-TEMPERATURE PROTECTION To limit its operating temperature, the 34727 shuts down if the junction temperature of the switching MOSFET surpasses 140°C. If the junction temperature subsequently drops to 130°C, the 34727 re-starts. SOFT-START OPERATION To limit the in-rush current, an internal timer controls the output voltage ramp after the part is enabled. The start-up time is internally set to approximately 2.0ms and is independent of input voltage, output voltage, or load current. The soft-start sequence also occurs upon recovery from any fault condition. UNDER-VOLTAGE LOCK-OUT The UVLO threshold is set to 2.7V for rising VIN, and to 2.5V for falling VIN. For a VOUT of 3.3V, the VOUT value will track VIN below 3.6V until the 2.5V falling VIN threshold is reached. If the UVLO falling threshold is met, the part shuts down and will power up again with soft-start, when the UVLO rising threshold is surpassed. MC34727 Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data Freescale Semiconductor 13 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS APPLICATION INFORMATION TYPICAL APPLICATIONS APPLICATION INFORMATION INPUT CAPACITOR Depending on the load transient current, a larger capacitance may be required. The input capacitor is used to minimize the input voltage transient that may cause instability when the load transient current is high. Typically a 4.7µF X5R ceramic capacitor is sufficient for most applications. INDUCTOR SELECTION A 4.7µH low DC resistance inductor is typically used for the 34727 to guarantee the system stable operation. OUTPUT CAPACITOR For stable operation and low output voltage ripple, an X5R ceramic capacitor of 4.7µF minimum value is needed. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 1.8V OUTPUT DC/DC CONVERTOR connects to the output directly for monitoring the output voltage. Normally, the EN pin connects to the input supply directly to enable the regulator. Figure 16 shows a typical application using 34727B. CIN and COUT are typically 4.7µF/X5R ceramic capacitors. L1 is typically a 4.7µH low DC resistance inductor. The FB 34727B 2.7V ~ 5.5V VIN L1 SW CIN 4.7µF FB EN ON OFF 4.7µH 1.8V 600mA COUT 4.7µF GND Figure 16. 1.8V/600mA DC/DC convertor MC34727 14 Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data Freescale Semiconductor TYPICAL APPLICATIONS PACKAGE DIMENSIONS PACKAGE DIMENSIONS For the most current package revision, visit www.freescale.com and perform a keyword search using the “98A” listed below. EP SUFFIX 8-PIN 98ASA10787D REVISION A MC34727 Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data Freescale Semiconductor 15 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS PACKAGE DIMENSIONS EP SUFFIX 8-PIN 98ASA10787D REVISION A MC34727 16 Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data Freescale Semiconductor TYPICAL APPLICATIONS PACKAGE DIMENSIONS EP SUFFIX 8-PIN 98ASA10787D REVISION A MC34727 Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data Freescale Semiconductor 17 REVISION HISTORY REVISION HISTORY REVISION 1.0 DATE 5/2008 DESCRIPTION OF CHANGES • Initial Release MC34727 18 Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data Freescale Semiconductor How to Reach Us: Home Page: www.freescale.com Web Support: http://www.freescale.com/support USA/Europe or Locations Not Listed: Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Technical Information Center, EL516 2100 East Elliot Road Tempe, Arizona 85284 +1-800-521-6274 or +1-480-768-2130 www.freescale.com/support Europe, Middle East, and Africa: Freescale Halbleiter Deutschland GmbH Technical Information Center Schatzbogen 7 81829 Muenchen, Germany +44 1296 380 456 (English) +46 8 52200080 (English) +49 89 92103 559 (German) +33 1 69 35 48 48 (French) www.freescale.com/support Japan: Freescale Semiconductor Japan Ltd. Headquarters ARCO Tower 15F 1-8-1, Shimo-Meguro, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-0064 Japan 0120 191014 or +81 3 5437 9125 [email protected] Asia/Pacific: Freescale Semiconductor Hong Kong Ltd. Technical Information Center 2 Dai King Street Tai Po Industrial Estate Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong +800 2666 8080 [email protected] For Literature Requests Only: Freescale Semiconductor Literature Distribution Center P.O. Box 5405 Denver, Colorado 80217 1-800-441-2447 or 303-675-2140 Fax: 303-675-2150 [email protected] 34727 Rev. 1.0 5/2008 Information in this document is provided solely to enable system and software implementers to use Freescale Semiconductor products. There are no express or implied copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate any integrated circuits or integrated circuits based on the information in this document. Freescale Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. 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Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2008. All rights reserved.