FREESCALE MMA8491Q

Freescale Semiconductor
Data Sheet: Technical Data
Document Number: MMA8491Q
Rev 2.0, 11/2012
Xtrinsic MMA8491Q 3-Axis
Multifunction Digital Accelerometer
MMA8491Q
The MMA8491Q is a low voltage, 3-axis low-g accelerometer housed in a
3 mm x 3 mm QFN package. The device can accommodate two
accelerometer configurations, acting as either a 45° tilt sensor or a digital
output accelerometer with I2C bus.
Bottom View
•
As a 45° Tilt Sensor, the MMA8491Q device offers extreme ease of
implementation by using a single line output per axis.
•
As a digital output accelerometer, the 14-bit ±8g accelerometer data can
be read from the device with a 1 mg/LSB sensitivity.
The extreme low power capabilities of the MMA8491Q will reduce the low data
rate current consumption to less than 400 nA per Hz.
12-Lead Industrial QFN
3 mm x 3 mm x 1.05 mm
0.65 mm Pitch
Features
•
Extreme low power, 400 nA per Hz
•
Ultra-fast data output time, ~700 μs
•
1.95V to 3.6V VDD supply range
•
3 mm x 3 mm, 0.65 mm pitch with visual solder joint inspection
•
±8g full-scale range
•
14-bit digital output, 1 mg/LSB sensitivity
•
Output Data Rate (ODR), implementation based from < 1 Hz to 800 Hz
•
I2C digital interface
•
3-axis, 45° tilt outputs
Pin Connections
Typical Applications
•
Smart grid: tamper detect
•
Anti-theft
•
White goods tilt
•
Remote controls
NC
NC
12
11
Byp
1
10
Xout
VDD
2
9
Yout
SDA
3
8
Zout
EN
4
7
Gnd
5
Related Documentation
6
SCL Gnd
The MMA8491Q device features and operations are described in a variety of
reference manuals, user guides, and application notes. To find the mostcurrent versions of these documents:
1.
2.
Go to the Freescale homepage at: http://www.freescale.com/
In the Keyword search box at the top of the page, enter the device number MMA8491Q. In the Refine Your Result pane
on the left, click on the Documentation link.
ORDERING INFORMATION
Part Number
Temperature Range
Package
Shipping
MMA8491QT
-40 to +85°C
QFN 12
Tray
MMA8491QR1
-40 to +85°C
QFN 12
1000 pc / Tape & Reel
© 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All rights reserved.
Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Block Diagram and Pin Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1 Block diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Definition of acceleration directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Tilt detection outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Pin descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.5 Recommended application diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Mechanical and Electrical Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 Mechanical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.4 I2C interface characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.1 ACTIVE mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2 STANDBY mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.3 Next sample acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.4 Power-up timing sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.5 45° tilt detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.6 Tilt angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Serial Interface (I2C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.1 I2C operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.2 Single byte read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.3 Multiple byte read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Register Descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.1 Register address map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.2 Register bit map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.3 Data registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.4 Accelerometer output conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Mounting Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.1 Overview of soldering considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.2 Halogen content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.3 PCB mounting recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Tape and Reel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
7.1 Tape dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
7.2 Label and device orientation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Package Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
MMA8491Q
2
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
1
Block Diagram and Pin Descriptions
1.1
Block diagram
Byp
Voltage
Regulator
VDD
Internal
OSC
Clock
GEN
Xout
Yout
Zout
EN
X-axis
Transducer
Gnd
Y-axis
Transducer
C-to-V
Converter
ADC
Embedded
Functions
I2C
SDA
SCL
Z-axis
Transducer
Figure 1. MMA8491Q block diagram
1.2
Definition of acceleration directions
Z
Pin 1
(Top View)
X
Y
Figure 2. Acceleration direction definitions
MMA8491Q
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
3
1.3
Tilt detection outputs
The MMA8491Q has 3 tilt detection outputs: Xout, Yout, Zout. Figure 3 shows the output results at the 6 different orientation
positions.
Top View
Side View
PU
Pin 1
Xout = 1 @ -1g
Yout = 0 @ 0g
Zout = 0 @ 0g
PD
263
8491
ALYW
263
8491
ALYW
Xout = 0 @ 0g
Yout = 1 @ -1g
Zout = 0 @ 0g
Xout = 0 @ 0g
Yout = 1 @ 1g
Zout = 0 @ 0g
Xout = 0 @ 0g
Yout = 0 @ 0g
Zout = 1 @ -1g
LR
263
8491
ALYW
263
8491
ALYW
LL
BACK
Earth Gravity
FRONT
Xout = 0 @ 0g
Yout = 0 @ 0g
Zout = 1 @ 1g
Xout = 1 @ 1g
Yout = 0 @ 0g
Zout = 0 @ 0g
PU = Portrait Up
LR = Landscape Right
PD = Portrait Down
LL = Landscape Left
Figure 3. X, Y, Z output based on MMA8491Q orientation
MMA8491Q
4
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
1.4
Pin descriptions
MMA8491Q is hosted in a 12-pin 3 mm x 3 mm QFN package. Ten pins are used for functions; two pins are unconnected. Refer
to Table 1 for complete pin descriptions and functions.
NC
NC
12
11
Byp
1
10
Xout
VDD
2
9
Yout
SDA
3
8
Zout
EN
4
7
Gnd
5
6
SCL Gnd
Figure 4. Pin connections (top view)
Table 1. Pin descriptions
Pin #
Pin Name
1
Byp
2
VDD
Function
Description
Pin Status
Internal regulator output
capacitor connection
The internal regulator voltage of 1.8V is present on this pin. Connect to
external 0.1 μF bypass capacitor.
Output
Power Supply
Device power is supplied through the VDD line. Power supply
decoupling capacitors should be placed as near as possible to pin 1 of
the device.
Input
I2C Data
I2C Slave Data Line
• 7-bit I2C device address is 0x55.
• The SDA and SCL I2C connections are open drain, and therefore
usually require a pullup resistor
Input/Output
3
SDA
4
EN
Enable Pin
The Enable pin fully turns on the accelerometer system when it is
pulled up to logic high. The accelerometer system is turned off when
the Enable pin is logic low.
Input
5
SCL
I2C Clock
I2C Slave Clock Line
Input
6
Gnd
Ground
7
Gnd
Ground
8
Zout
Push-pull Z-Axis Tilt Detection
Output
9
Yout
Push-pull Y-Axis Tilt Detection
Output
10
Xout
Push-pull X-Axis Tilt Detection
Output
11
NC
No internal connection
12
NC
No internal connection
Ground
Ground
• Output is high when acceleration is > 0.688g (axis is |φ| > 45°).
• Output is low when acceleration is ≤ 0.688g (axis is |φ| ≤ 45°).
These pins are push-pull.
Output
Output
Output
MMA8491Q
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
5
0.1 μF
12
11
NC
Recommended application diagram
NC
1.5
Xout
10
Xout
VDD
Yout
9
Yout
3
SDA
Zout
8
Zout
4
EN
1
Byp
2
VDD
4.7 kΩ
SDA
0V
Pulsed EN Signal
Gnd - VDD
Gnd
4.7 μF
SCL
VDD
5
6
Gnd
7
VDD
EN
4.7 kΩ
Connect SDA/SCL
to Gnd when I2C bus SCL
is not used.
Figure 5. VDD connects to power supply and EN is pulsed
To ensure the accelerometer is fully functional, connect the MMA8491Q as suggested in Figure 5.
•
A capacitor must be connected to the Bypass pin (pin 1) to assist the internal voltage regulator. It is recommended to use a
0.1 μF capacitor. The capacitor should be placed as near as possible to the Bypass pin.
•
The device power is supplied through the VDD line. The power supply decoupling capacitor should be placed as close as
possible to the VDD pin.
—
Use a 1.0 or 4.7 μF capacitor when the VDD and EN are not tied together.
—
When VDD and EN are tied together, then use a 0.1 μF capacitor. The 0.1 μF capacitor value has been chosen to
minimize the average current consumption while still maintaining an acceptable level of power supply highfrequency filtering.
•
Both ground pins (pins 6 and 7) must be connected to ground.
•
When the I2C communication line is used, use a pullup resistor to connect to line SDA and SCL. The SCL line can be driven
by a push-pull driver, in which case, no pull-up resistor is necessary. If SDA and SCL pins are not used, then they should be
tied to ground.
MMA8491Q
6
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
2
Mechanical and Electrical Specifications
2.1
Absolute maximum ratings
Table 2. Maximum ratings
Rating
Symbol
Value
Unit
Maximum acceleration (all axes, 100 μs)
gmax
10,000
g
Analog supply voltage
VDD
-0.3 to +3.6
V
Drop test
Ddrop
1.8
m
TAGOC
-40 to +85
°C
Tstg
-40 to +125
°C
Symbol
Value
Unit
Human body model
HBM
±2000
V
Machine model
MM
±200
V
CDM
±500
V
±100
mA
Operation temperature range
Storage temperature range
Table 3. ESD and LATCHUP protection characteristics
Rating
Charge device model
Latchup current at TA = 85°C
MMA8491Q
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2.2
Mechanical characteristics
Mechanical characteristics are at VDD = 2.8V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted (8) (10).
Table 4. Mechanical characteristics
Parameter
Symbol
Full-scale measurement range (2)
FS
Sensitivity (1)
So
Calibrated sensitivity error (1)
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
±8
973
1024
Unit
g
1075
counts/g
CSE
All axes, all ranges
-5
5
%
CXSEN
Die rotation included
-4.2
4.2
%
Sensitivity temperature variation (2)
TCS
-40°C to +85°C
-0.014
0.014
%/°C
Zero-g level temperature variation (2)
TCO
-40°C to +85°C
-0.98
0.98
mg/°C
Zero-g level offset accuracy (1) (3)
TyOff
-100
100
mg
TyOffPBM
-120
120
mg
18
mg-rms
1
%FS
Cross-axis sensitivity (2)
Zero-g level after board mount (2) (4)
Noise (2)
Nonlinearity (2)
11.5 (9)
RMS
NL
Threshold / g-value (5)
TDL
25°C
Internal threshold of output level
change (from 0g reference) , g
values are calculated from trip
-40°C to +85°C
angles
Threshold / Tilt angle (2) (4) (5)
TDL
25°C
Internal threshold of output level
-40°C to +85°C
change (from 0g reference)
Temperature range (2)
TAGOC
0.583
0.688
0.780
0.577
0.688
0.784
35.6
43.5
51.3
35.2
43.5
51.7
-40
25
85
g
degrees
°C
1. Parameters tested 100% at final test at room temperature.
2. Verified by characterization; not tested in production.
3. Before board mount.
4. Post-board mount offset specifications are based on a 4-layer PCB, relative to 25°C.
5. All angles are based on the trip angle from static 0g to 1g; the g-values are calculated from the trip angle.
6. Evaluation data: not tested in production.
7. Guaranteed by design.
8. Typical number is the target number, unless otherwise specified.
9. Typical number is mean data.
10.All numbers are based on VDD cap = 4.7 μF.
MMA8491Q
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2.3
Electrical characteristics
Electrical characteristics are at VDD = 2.8V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. (8) (13)
Table 5. Electrical characteristics
Parameter
Symbol
(2)
VDD
Supply voltage
Supply current in one-shot mode
Supply current in shutdown
mode
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
1.95
2.8
3.6
V
Idd
VDD = 2.8V,
EN is pulsed to VDD for 1 ms
400 (6) (9) (10)
Isd
VDD = 2.8V, EN = 0
1.8 (6) (9)
68 (2) (12)
nA
100
470
nF
980 (2) (11) (12) nA/Hz
Bypass capacitor at Byp pin (6)
Cbyp
High level output voltage (2)
Xout, Yout, Zout
Voh
Io = 500 µA
Low level output voltage (2)
Xout, Yout, Zout
Vol
Io = 500 µA
High level input voltage (2)
EN
Vih
VDD = 2.8V
Low level input voltage (2)
EN
Vil
VDD = 2.8V
0.15 * VDD
V
Low level output voltage (7)
SDA
Vols
Io = 3 mA
0.4
V
High level input voltage (7)
SDA, SCL
Vih
VDD = 2.8V
Low level input voltage (7)
SDA, SCL
Vil
VDD = 2.8V
0.3* VDD
V
Isource
Voltage high level Vout = 0.85 x VDD,
VDD = 2.8V
7.3
mA
Isink
Voltage low level Vout = 0.15 x VDD,
VDD = 2.8V
8.9
mA
Ton / Tactive
Measured from the time EN = 1.95V
to valid outputs
900 (2) (11) (12)
µs
Trst
VDD = 2.8V, the time between falling
edge of EN and next rising edge of EN
Output source current (2)
Xout, Yout, Zout
Output sink current (2)
Xout, Yout, Zout
Turn-on time (14)
Reset Time (7)
Temperature range (2)
TAGOC
70
0.85 * VDD
V
0.15 * VDD
0.85 * VDD
V
0.7 * VDD
V
720 (6) (9) (10)
1000
-40
V
µs
25
85
°C
1. Parameters tested 100% at final test at room temperature.
2. Verified by characterization; not tested in production.
3. Before board mount.
4. Post-board mount offset specifications are based on a 4-layer PCB, relative to 25°C.
5. All angles are based on the trip angle from static 0g to 1g; the g-values are calculated from the trip angle.
6. Evaluation data: not tested in production.
7. Guaranteed by design.
8. Typical number is the target number unless otherwise specified.
9. Typical number is mean data.
10.Data is based on typical bypass cap = 100 nF.
11.Data is based on max bypass cap = 470 nF.
12.Over temperature -40°C to 85°C.
13.All numbers are based on VDD cap = 4.7 μF.
14.For application connection, see Figure 5 on page 6.
MMA8491Q
Sensors
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
9
2.4
I2C interface characteristics
Table 6. I2C slave timing values(1)
Parameter
Symbol
I2C Fast Mode
Min
Max
400
Unit
SCL clock frequency
fSCL
0
Bus-free time between STOP and START condition
tBUF
1.3
μs
(Repeated) START hold time
tHD;STA
0.6
μs
Repeated START setup time
tSU;STA
0.6
μs
STOP condition setup time
tSU;STO
0.6
kHz
μs
μs
SDA data hold time
tHD;DAT
0.05
SDA setup time
tSU;DAT
100
ns
SCL clock low time
tLOW
1.3
μs
SCL clock high time
tHIGH
0.6
SDA and SCL rise time
tr
SDA and SCL fall time
SDA valid time
tf
(4)
SDA valid acknowledge time
20 + 0.1
300
ns
20 + 0.1
Cb(3)
300
ns
tVD;ACK
Pulse width of spikes on SDA and SCL that must be suppressed by
internal input filter
tSP
Capacitive load for each bus line
Cb
μs
Cb(3)
tVD;DAT
(5)
0.9
(2)
0
0.9
(2)
μs
0.9
(2)
μs
50
ns
400
pF
1.All values referred to VIH(min) (0.3VDD) and VIL(max) (0.7VDD) levels.
2.This device does not stretch the LOW period (tLOW) of the SCL signal.
3.Cb = total capacitance of one bus line in pF.
4.tVD;DAT = time for data signal from SCL LOW to SDA output (HIGH or LOW, depending on which one is worse).
5.tVD;ACK = time for Acknowledgement signal from SCL LOW to SDA output (HIGH or LOW, depending on which one is worse).
VIL = 0.3VDD
VIH = 0.7VDD
Figure 6. I2C slave timing diagram
MMA8491Q
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3
Modes of Operation
EN = Low
OFF*
Mode
VDD = On
SHUTDOWN
Mode
VDD = Off
EN = Don’t Care
One sample
is acquired
EN = High
VDD = On
EN = Low
ACTIVE
Mode
STANDBY
Mode
VDD = On
EN = High
VDD = On
EN = High
*OFF mode can be entered from any state by removing the power.
Figure 7. MMA8491Q operating modes
Table 7. Operating modes
Mode
Conditions
OFF
VDD = OFF
EN = Don’t Care
SHUTDOWN
3.1
Function Description
Digital Output State
Device is powered off.
Hi-Z
VDD = ON
EN = Low
All blocks are shut down.
Hi-Z
ACTIVE
VDD = ON
EN = High
All blocks are enabled.
Device enters Standby mode automatically
after data conversion.
STANDBY
VDD = ON
EN = High
Only digital output subsystem is enabled.
Data is valid and available only in this stage.
Deasserted, Xout = 0, Yout= 0, Zout = 0
Active, I2C outputs become valid
ACTIVE mode
The accelerometer subsystem is turned on at the rising edge of the EN pin, and acquires one sample for each of the three axes.
Note that EN should not be asserted before VDD reaches 1.95V. Samples are acquired, converted, and compensated for zero-g
offset and gain errors, and then compared to an internal threshold value of 0.688g and stored.
•
If any of the X, Y, Z axes sample’s absolute value > this threshold, then the corresponding outputs on these axes drive
logic highs.
•
If any of the X, Y, Z axes sample’s absolute value ≤ this threshold, then the corresponding outputs on these axes drive
logic lows.
Read register 0x00 in this stage to determine whether the sample data is ready to be read.
3.2
STANDBY mode
The device enter STANDBY mode automatically after the previously described function (powers into SHUTDOWN mode,
ACTIVE mode) is accomplished. The digital output system outputs valid data, which can also be read via the I2C communication
bus. This is the appropriate phase to read the measured data, either from the 3 push-pull logic outputs or through the I2C
transaction. All other subsystems are turned off.
These outputs are held until the MMA8491Q operation mode changes. For lower power consumption, deassert the EN pin as
soon as data is read (to enter SHUTDOWN mode).
3.3
Next sample acquisition
The MMA8491Q needs to be brought back to the ACTIVE mode again by pulling EN pin up to a Logic 1. Another option is to
power down the device and start from OFF mode as illustrated in Figure 7.
For applications where sampling intervals are greater than 30 seconds, the host can shut off the tilt sensor power after acquisition
of tilt sensor output data to conserve energy and prolong battery life.
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3.4
Power-up timing sequences
The power-up timing sequence for MMA84591Q is shown in Figure 8, where VDD is powered and the EN pin is activated to
acquire a single sample. Additional samples can be acquired by repeating the EN pulse.
OFF
ACTIVE
SHUTDOWN
STANDBY
SHUTDOWN
VDD
EN
Hi-Z
Data
Available
Data
tON
Figure 8. MMA8491Q timing sequence
tON is the time between EN to the end of ACTIVE stage, after which the newly acquired sample data is available.
3.5
45° tilt detection
The output value changes according to the absolute value of the acceleration of the MMA8491Q compared to the threshold:
•
When the acceleration’s absolute value > the threshold 0.688g, the output = ‘1’.
•
When the acceleration’s absolute value ≤ the threshold, the output = ‘0’.
⎧ 1, when
Output = ⎨
⎩ 0, when
( g-value > 0.688g )
( g-value ≤ 0.688g )
For example,
•
When the MMA8491Q is set on a table, it senses 1g acceleration on Z-axis and senses 0g on X and Y axes.
•
When the MMA8491Q is flipped upside down on the table, it senses -1g acceleration on Z-axis and senses 0g on X and Y
axes.
In both cases Xout = 0, Yout = 0, and Zout = 1.
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3.6
Tilt angle
Tilt angles can be calculated from the g-value threshold using the equation below. The tilt threshold is 0.688g, which corresponds
to 43.5°. Figure 9 illustrates the tilt angle threshold.
g-value
Tilt Angle = asin ⎛⎝ -------------------⎞⎠
1g
•
When 0g acceleration is present on an axis, the tilt angle = 0°;
when 1g acceleration is present on an axis, the tilt angle = 90°.
•
When the tilt angle > the tilt threshold, the output for the axis is HIGH;
when the tilt angle ≤ the tilt threshold, the output for the axis is LOW.
Tilt Angle φ = 55°
Output = 1
Ø
Horizontal
Reference
Projected g-value =
Threshold (g-value) = 0.688g
Threshold = 0.688g
1g
Ø
Ø
Horizontal
Reference
Horizontal
Reference
0.688g
0.688g
1g
Tilt Angle φ = 30°
Output = 0
1g
Tilt Angle φ = 70°
Output = 1
Figure 9. MMA8491Q output is based on tilt angle and sensor g-value
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Serial Interface (I2C)
4
Acceleration data may be accessed through an I2C interface thus making the device particularly suitable for direct interfacing with
a microcontroller. The MMA8491Q features three interrupt signals which indicate the tilt-sensing results on X, Y, Z axis
respectively. The raw accelerometer data are readable via I2C at the same time when interrupt signal is available.
The registers embedded inside the MMA8491Q are accessible through the I2C serial interface (Table 8). To enable the I2C
interface, the EN pin must be HIGH. If either EN or VDD are absent, the MMA8491Q I2C interface reads invalid data. The I2C
interface may be used for communications along with other I2C devices. Removing power from the VDD pin of the MMA8491Q
does not affect the I2C bus.
Table 8. Serial interface pins
Pin
Description
2
SCL
I C Serial Clock
SDA
I2C Serial Data
There are two signals associated with the I2C bus; the Serial Clock Line (SCL) and the Serial Data Line (SDA). The latter is a
bidirectional line used for sending and receiving the data to/from the interface. External pullup resistors connected to VDD are
expected for SDA and SCL. When the bus is free both the lines are HIGH. The I2C interface is compliant with Fast mode (400 kHz,
Table 6).
I2C operation
4.1
The transaction on the bus is started through a start condition (START) signal. A START condition is defined as a HIGH-to-LOW
transition on the data line while the SCL line is held HIGH.
After START has been transmitted by the Master, the bus is considered busy. The next byte of data transmitted after START
contains the slave address in the first 7 bits, and the 8th bit tells whether the Master is receiving data from the slave or transmitting
data to the slave. When an address is sent, each device in the system compares the first 7 bits after a start condition with its
address. If they match, then the device considers itself addressed by the Master.
The 9th clock pulse, following the slave address byte (and each subsequent byte), is the acknowledge (ACK). The transmitter
must release the SDA line during the ACK period. The receiver must then pull the data line LOW so that it remains stable low
during the high period of the acknowledge clock period.
A LOW-to-HIGH transition on SDA while SCL is HIGH is defined as a stop condition (STOP). A data transfer is always terminated
by a STOP.
A Master may also issue a repeated START during a data transfer. The MMA8491Q expects repeated STARTs to be used to
randomly read from specific registers.
The MMA8491Q accelerometer standard 7-bit slave address is 01010101(0x55).
Table 9. I2C device address sequence
4.2
Command
[7:1]
Device Address
[7:1]
Device Address
[0]
R/W
[7:0]
8-bit Final Value
Read
01010101
0x55
1
0xAB
Write
01010101
0x55
0
0xAA
Single byte read
The transmission of an 8-bit command begins on the falling edge of SCL. After the 8 clock cycles are used to send the command,
note that the data returned is sent with the MSB first after the data is received. Figure 10 shows the timing diagram for the
accelerometer 8-bit I2C read operation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The Master (or MCU) transmits a start condition (ST) to the MMA8491Q, slave address (0x55), with the R/W bit set to
“0” for a write, and the MMA8491Q sends an acknowledgement.
Then the Master (or MCU) transmits the address of the register to read and the MMA8491Q sends an
acknowledgement.
The Master (or MCU) transmits a repeated start condition (SR) and then addresses the MMA8491Q (0x1D) with the R/
W bit set to “1” for a read from the previously selected register.
The Slave then acknowledges and transmits the data from the requested register.
The Master does not acknowledge (NAK) the transmitted data, but transmits a stop condition to end the data transfer.
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Legend
ST: Start Condition
SP: Stop Condition
NAK: No Acknowledge
SR: Repeated Start Condition
AK: Acknowledge
R: Read = 1
Master
ST
Device
Address[7:1]
Register
Address[7:0]
W
AK
Slave
SR
W: Write = 0
Device
Address[7:1]
AK
NAK
R
AK
SP
Data[7:0]
Figure 10. Single byte read
4.3
Multiple byte read
When performing a multibyte read or “burst read”, the MMA8491Q automatically increments the received register address
commands after a read command is received. Therefore, after following the steps of a single byte read, multiple bytes of data
can be read from sequential registers after each MMA8491Q acknowledgment (AK) is received, until a no acknowledge (NAK)
occurs from the Master, followed by a stop condition (SP) signaling an end of transmission.
Master
ST
Device
Address[7:1]
Register
Address[7:0]
W
AK
Slave
Device
Address[7:1]
SR
AK
R
AK
AK
Data[7:0]
continued . . .
AK
Master
Slave
Data[7:0]
AK
Data[7:0]
NAK SP
Data[7:0]
Figure 11. Multiple byte read
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5
Register Descriptions
5.1
Register address map
Table 10. Register address map(1)(2)
Type
Register Address
Auto-Increment Address(3)
Default
STATUS
R
0x00
0x01
0x00
OUT_X_MSB
R
0x01
0x02
Output
[7:0] are 8 MSBs of the 14-bit sample
OUT_X_LSB
R
0x02
0x03
Output
[7:2] are the 6 LSB of 14-bit sample
OUT_Y_MSB
R
0x03
0x04
Output
[7:0] are 8 MSBs of the 14-bit sample
OUT_Y_LSB
R
0x04
0x05
Output
[7:2] are the 6 LSB of 14-bit sample
OUT_Z_MSB
R
0x05
0x06
Output
[7:0] are 8 MSBs of the 14-bit sample
OUT_Z_LSB
R
0x06
0x00
Output
[7:2] are the 6 LSB of 14-bit sample
Name
Comment
Read time status
1. Register contents are preserved when EN pin is set high after sampling.
2. Register contents are reset when EN pin is set low.
3. Auto-increment is the I2C feature that the I2C read address is automatically updated after each read. Auto-increment addresses which are not
a simple increment are highlighted in bold. The auto-increment addressing is only enabled when device registers are read using I2C burst
read mode. Therefore the internal storage of the auto-increment address is cleared whenever a stop-bit is detected.
5.2
Register bit map
Table 11. Register bit map
Address Offset
Name
0x00
STATUS
R
0x01
OUT_X_MSB
R
0x02
OUT_X_LSB
R
0x03
OUT_Y_MSB
R
0x04
OUT_Y_LSB
R
0x05
OUT_Z_MSB
R
0x06
OUT_Z_LSB
R
7
6
5
4
0
0
0
0
3
2
1
0
ZYXDR
ZDR
YDR
XDR
0
0
0
0
0
0
XD[13:6]
XD[5:0]
YD[13:6]
YD[5:0]
ZD[13:6]
ZD[5:0]
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5.3
Data registers
5.3.1
0x00 Status register
Register 0x00 reflects the real-time status information of the X, Y, and Z sample data. The data read bits (ZYXDR, ZDR, YDR,
XDR) are set when samples are taken and ready to be read.
Table 12. STATUS register
Field
Description
ZYXDR
X, Y, Z-axis new Data Ready (and available)
• ZYXDR signals that a new sample for all channels is available.
• ZYXDR is cleared when the high-bytes of the acceleration data (OUT_X_MSB, OUT_Y_MSB, OUT_Z_MSB) of all channels
are read.
0: No new set of data ready (default value)
1: A new set of data is ready
ZDR
Z-axis new Data Ready (and available)
• ZDR is set whenever a new acceleration sample related to the Z-axis is generated.
• ZDR is cleared anytime OUT_Z_MSB register is read.
0: No new Z-axis data is ready (default value)
1: A new Z-axis data is ready
YDR
Y-axis new Data Ready (and available)
• YDR is set whenever a new acceleration sample related to the Y-axis is generated.
• YDR is cleared anytime OUT_Y_MSB register is read.
0: No new Y-axis data ready (default value)
1: A new Y-axis data is ready
XDR
X-axis new Data Ready (and available)
• XDR is set whenever a new acceleration sample related to the X-axis is generated.
• XDR is cleared anytime OUT_X_MSB register is read.
0: No new X-axis data ready (default value)
1: A new X-axis data is ready
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5.3.2
Accelerometer data registers (0x01–0x06)
These registers contain the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis14-bit output sample data (expressed as 2's complement numbers).
•
OUT_X_MSB, OUT_X_LSB, OUT_Y_MSB, OUT_Y_LSB, OUT_Z_MSB, and OUT_Z_LSB are stored in the autoincrementing address range of 0x01 – 0x06.
•
The LSB registers can only be read immediately following the read access of the corresponding MSB register.
A random read access to the LSB registers is not possible.
•
Reading the MSB register and then the LSB register in sequence ensures that both bytes (LSB and MSB) belong to the same
data sample, even if a new data sample arrives between reading the MSB and the LSB byte.
•
The accelerometer data registers should be read only after the status register has confirmed that new data on all axes is
available.
Table 13. OUT_X_MSB: X_MSB register (0x01, Read-only)
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Bit 1
Bit 0
0
0
Bit 1
Bit 0
Bit 1
Bit 0
0
0
Bit 1
Bit 0
Bit 1
Bit 0
0
0
XD[13:7]
Table 14. OUT_X_LSB: X_LSB register (0x02, Read-only)
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
XD[5:0]
Table 15. OUT_Y_MSB: Y_MSB register (0x03, Read-only)
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
YD[13:6]
Table 16. OUT_Y_LSB: Y_LSB register (0x04, Read-only)
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
YD[5:0]
Table 17. OUT_Z_MSB: Z_MSB register (0x05, Read-only)
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
ZD[13:6]
Table 18. OUT_Z_LSB: Z_LSB register (0x06, Read-only)
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
ZD[5:0]
5.4
Accelerometer output conversion
Table 19. Accelerometer output data
14-bit Data
Range ±8g
(1 mg/count)
01 1111 1111 1111
+8.000g
01 1111 1111 1110
+7.998g
…
...
00 0000 0000 0000
0.000g
11 1111 1111 1111
-0.001g
...
...
10 0000 0000 0001
-7.998g
10 0000 0000 0000
-8.000g
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6
Mounting Guidelines
Surface mount printed circuit board (PCB) layout is a critical portion of the total design. The footprint for the surface mount
packages must be the correct size to ensure proper solder connection interface between the PCB and the package. With the
correct footprint, the packages will self-align when subjected to a solder reflow process. The purpose is to minimize the stress
on the package after board mounting. The MMA8491Q accelerometers use the QFN package. This section describes suggested
methods of soldering and mounting these devices to the PCB for consumer applications.
6.1
Overview of soldering considerations
The information provided here is based on experiments executed on QFN devices. They do not represent exact conditions
present at a customer site. Hence, information herein should be used as guidance only and process and design optimizations
are recommended to develop an application specific solution. It should be noted that with the proper PCB footprint and solder
stencil designs, the package will self-align during the solder reflow process.
6.2
Halogen content
This package is designed to be Halogen Free, exceeding most industry and customer standards. Halogen Free means that no
homogeneous material within the assembly package shall contain chlorine (Cl) in excess of 700 ppm or 0.07% weight/weight or
bromine (Br) in excess of 900 ppm or 0.09% weight/weight.
6.3
PCB mounting recommendations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Do not solder down Exposed Pad (EP) under the package to minimize board mounting stress impact to product
performance.
PCB landing pad is 0.675 mm x 0.325 mm as shown in Figure 12.
Solder mask opening = PCB land pad edge + 0.2 mm larger all around.
Stencil opening size is 0.625 mm x 0.3 mm.
Stencil thickness is 100 or 125 μm.
The solder mask should not cover any of the PCB landing pads, as shown in Figure 12.
No additional via nor metal pattern underneath package on the top of the PCB layer.
Do not place any components or vias within 2 mm of the package land area. This may cause additional package stress
if it is too close to the package land area.
Signal traces connected to pads should be as symmetric as possible. Put dummy traces on NC pads, to have same
length of exposed trace for all pads.
Use a standard pick and place process and equipment. Do not use a hand soldering process.
Customers are advised to be cautious about the proximity of screw down holes to the sensor, and the location of any
press fit to the assembled PCB when in an enclosure. It is important that the assembled PCB remain flat after
assembly to keep electronic operation of the device optimal.
The PCB should be rated for the multiple lead-free reflow condition with max 260°C temperature.
Freescale sensors are compliant with Restrictions on Hazardous Substances (RoHS), having halide free molding
compound (green) and lead-free terminations. These terminations are compatible with tin-lead (Sn-Pb) as well as tinsilver-copper (Sn-Ag-Cu) solder paste soldering processes. Reflow profiles applicable to those processes can be used
successfully for soldering the devices.
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19
'
&
Ϯ
ϭ
Ϯ
ϭ
^ŽůĚĞƌŵĂƐŬŽƉĞŶŝŶŐ
WůĂŶĚŝŶŐƉĂĚ
Symbol
Description
WĂĐŬĂŐĞŽƵƚůŝŶĞ
Value
(mm)
A
Pitch
0.650
B
Landing Pad Width
0.325
C
Landing Pad Length
0.675
D1
Solder Mask Pattern Width
1.175
D2
Solder Mask Pattern Length
0.875
E1
Solder Mask Pattern Width
0.875
E2
Solder Mask Pattern Length
2.475
F
I/O Pads Extended Length
3.8
G
I/O Pads Extended Length
3.8
Figure 12. PCB footprint guidelines
MMA8491Q
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7
Tape and Reel
7.1
Tape dimensions
Measurements are
in millimeters.
Figure 13. Mechanical dimensions
7.2
Label and device orientation
MMA8491Q is oriented on the tape as illustrated in Figure 14. The front side dot marked on the device indicates pin 1.
MMA8491Q pin 1
Direction
to unreel
Bar Code Label
Side of Reel
Figure 14. Tape and reel orientation
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21
8
Package Dimensions
Figure 15. Case 2169-02, Issue X1, 12-Lead QFN—page 1
MMA8491Q
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Figure 16. Case 2169-02, Issue X1, 12-Lead QFN—page 2
MMA8491Q
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Figure 17. Case 2169-02, Issue X1, 12-Lead QFN—page 3
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Revision History
Table 20. Revision history
Revision
number
Revision
date
1
10/2012
• Initial release
2
11/2012
• Characterization data verified to be complete and final
Description of changes
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© 2012 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Document Number: MMA8491Q
Rev 2.0
11/2012