Ordering number : ENA0754A STK672-540 Thick-Film Hybrid IC 2-phase Stepping Motor Driver Overview The STK672-540 is a hybrid IC for use as a unipolar, 2-phase stepping motor driver with PWM current control. Applications • Office photocopiers, printers, etc. Features • The motor speed can be controlled by the frequency of an external clock signal. • 2-phase excitation or 1-2 phase excitation is selected according to switching the state of the MODE pin (low or high). • The phase is maintained even if the excitation mode is switched in the middle of operation. • The direction of rotation can be changed by applying a high or low signal to the CWB pin used to select the direction of rotation. • Supports schmitt input for 2.5V high level input. • Incorporating a current detection resistor (0.11Ω: resistor tolerance ±2%), motor current can be set using two external resistors. • Equipped with an ENABLE pin that, during clock input, allows motor output to be cut-off and resumed later while maintaining the same excitation timing. Any and all SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. products described or contained herein are, with regard to "standard application", intended for the use as general electronics equipment (home appliances, AV equipment, communication device, office equipment, industrial equipment etc.). The products mentioned herein shall not be intended for use for any "special application" (medical equipment whose purpose is to sustain life, aerospace instrument, nuclear control device, burning appliances, transportation machine, traffic signal system, safety equipment etc.) that shall require extremely high level of reliability and can directly threaten human lives in case of failure or malfunction of the product or may cause harm to human bodies, nor shall they grant any guarantee thereof. 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To verify symptoms and states that cannot be evaluated in an independent device, the customer should always evaluate and test devices mounted in the customer' s products or equipment. 62911HKPC 018-08-0038/71608HKIM No. A0754-1/22 STK672-540 Specifications Absolute Maximum Ratings at Tc = 25°C Parameter Symbol Conditions Ratings unit Maximum supply voltage 1 VCC max No signal 52 V Maximum supply voltage 2 VDD max No signal -0.3 to +7.0 V Input voltage VIN max Logic input pins -0.3 to +7.0 V Output current 1 IOP max 10μA 1 pulse (resistance load) 10 A Output current 2 IOH max VDD=5V, CLOCK≥200Hz 4 A Allowable power dissipation Pd max With an arbitrarily large heat sink. Per MOSFET 13.3 W Operating substrate temperature Tc max 105 °C Junction temperature Tj max 150 °C Storage temperature Tstg -40 to +125 °C Allowable Operating Ranges at Ta=25°C Parameter Symbol Conditions Operating supply voltage 1 VCC With signals applied Operating supply voltage 2 VDD Input high voltage Ratings unit 10 to 42 V With signals applied 5±5% V VIH Pins 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 2.5 to VDD V Input low voltage VIL Pins 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 0 to 0.6 V Output current 1 IOH1 3.0 A 3.3 A Tc=105°C, CLOCK≥200Hz, Continuous operation, duty=100% Output current 2 IOH2 Tc=80°C, CLOCK≥200Hz, Continuous operation, duty=100%, See the motor current (IOH) derating curve CLOCK frequency Phase driver withstand voltage Recommended operating fCL VDSS Tc Minimum pulse width: at least 10μs 0 to 50 kHz ID=1mA (Tc=25°C) 100min V 0 to 105 °C 0.14 to 1.62 V No condensation substrate temperature Recommended Vref range Vref Tc=105°C Refer to the graph for each conduction-period tolerance range for the output current and brake current. Electrical Characteristics at Tc=25°C, VCC=24V, VDD=5.0V Parameter Symbol Conditions VDD supply current ICCO Pin 6 current CLOCK=GND Output average current Ioave R/L=3Ω/3.8mH in each phase min typ 0.52 max unit 3.1 7 0.58 0.64 mA A FET diode forward voltage Vdf If=1A (RL=23Ω) Output saturation voltage Vsat RL=23Ω Input high voltage VIH Pins 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 Input low voltage VIL Pins 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 0.6 V Input leak current IIL Pins 8, 9, 10, 11, 12=GND and 5V ±10 μA Vref input bias current IIB Pin 7 =1.0V 204 216 μA PWM frequency fc 45 55 kHz 1.0 1.6 V 0.28 0.40 V 2.5 35 V Notes: A fixed-voltage power supply must be used. No. A0754-2/22 STK672-540 Package Dimensions unit:mm (typ) 44.0 8.5 3.6 12 2.0 (7.25) 4.0 1 1.0 13.0 25.6 36.5 0.5 0.4 2.9 11 2.0=22.0 Derating Curve of Motor Current, IOH, vs. STK672-540 Operating Substrate Temperature, Tc IOH - Tc 4.5 200Hz 2 phase excitation 4.0 Hold mode Motor current, IOH - A 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Operating Substrate Temperature, Tc- °C 100 110 ITF02567 Notes • The current range given above represents conditions when output voltage is not in the avalanche state. • If the output voltage is in the avalanche state, see the allowable avalanche energy for STK672-5** series hybrid ICs given in a separate document. • The operating substrate temperature, Tc, given above is measured while the motor is operating. Because Tc varies depending on the ambient temperature, Ta, the value of IOH, and the continuous or intermittent operation of IOH, always verify this value using an actual set. No. A0754-3/22 STK672-540 Block Diagram VDD(5V) MODE A AB B BB 5 4 3 2 6 VDD Excitation mode selection 8 CLOCK 9 CWB 10 RESETB 11 ENABLE 12 F1 F2 F3 F4 FAO Phase excitation signal generator FAB FBO FBB Phase advance counter R1 R2 AI Chopper circuit BI CI 1 GND VSS Vref 7 Sample Application Circuit STK672-540 VDD(5V) 6 CLOCK 9 MODE 8 CWB 10 ENABLE 12 R04 C04 C05 C06 C07 2-phase stepping motor driver A 5 AB 4 B 3 BB 2 RESETB + R01 Vref GND 7 D1 + R02 C02 10μF C01 at least 100μF C08 11 R03 VCC 24V + 1 P.GND C03 10μF R02 is normally open. No. A0754-4/22 STK672-540 Precautions [GND wiring] • To reduce noise on the 5V system, be sure to place the GND of C01 in the circuit given above as close as possible to Pin 1 of the hybrid IC. Also, the GND side of RO2 must be directly wired from P.GND terminal Pin 1 in order to accurately set the current. [Input pins] • Insert resistor RO3 (47 to 100Ω) so that the discharge energy from capacitor CO2 is not directly applied to the CMOS IC in this hybrid device. If the diode D1 has Vf characteristics with Vf less than or equal to 0.6V (when If = 0.1A), this will be smaller than the CMOS IC input pin diode Vf. If this is the case RO3 may be replaced with a short without problem. • Apply 2.5V High level input to pins 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12. • If VDD is being applied, use care that each input pin does not apply a negative voltage less than -0.3V to P.GND, Pin 1, and do not apply a voltage greater than or equal to VDD voltage. • Since the input pins do not have built-in pull-up resistors, when the open-collector type pins 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 are used as inputs, a 10 to 47kΩ pull-up resistor (to VDD) must be used. At this time, use a device for the open collector driver that has output current specifications that pull the voltage down to less than 0.6V at Low level. • To prevent malfunction due to chopping noise, we recommend that you mount a 1000pF capacitor between Pin 1 and each of the input Pins 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12. Be sure to mount the capacitor as close as possible to the pins of hybrid IC. If input is fixed Low, directly connect to Pin 1. If input is fixed High, directly connect to the 5V power line. [Current setting Vref] • In consideration of the specifications of the Vref input bias current, IIB, a resistance from several kΩ to 100kΩ is recommended for RO1. • If the motor current is temporarily reduced, the circuit given below (STK672-540: IOH>0.25A) is recommended. • Although the driver is equipped with a fixed current control function, it is not equipped with an overcurrent protection function to ensure that the current does not exceed the maximum output current, IOH max. If Vref is mistakenly set to a voltage that exceeds IOH max, the driver will be damaged by overcurrent. 5V 5V RO1 RO1 Vref Vref R3 RO2 R3 RO2 No. A0754-5/22 STK672-540 • Motor current peak value IOH setting IOH 0 • When RO2 is open IOH= [Vref×1k/(1k+3.9k)] ÷Rs= (Vref÷4.9) ÷Rs The values 1k and 3.9k represent internal driver resistance values, while Rs represents the internal driver current detection resistance. Vref= (4.9k÷ (4.9k+RO1)) ×5V (or 3.3V) =IOH×4.9×Rs The value 4.9k represents the series resistance value of the internal driver values of 1k and 3.9k. • If RO2 is connected IOH= [Vref×1k/ (1k+3.9k)] ÷Rs= (Vref÷4.9) ÷Rs The values 1k and 3.9k represent the internal driver resistance values, while Rs represents the internal driver current detection resistance. Vref= (R0x÷ (RO1+R0x)) ×5V (or 3.3V) =IOH×4.9×Rs = [(4.9k×RO2) ÷ ((4.9k×RO2) +RO1× (4.9k+RO2))] ×5V(or 3.3V) R0x= (4.9k×RO2) ÷ (4.9k+RO2) Rs represents the current detection resistance inside the HIC, while the value 4.9k in the formula above represents the internal resistance value of the Vref pin. Rs=0.165Ω when using the STK672-530 Rs=0.11Ω when using the STK672-540 [Smoke Emission Precuations] If any of the output pins 2, 3, 4, and 5 is held open, the electrical stress onto the driver due to the inductive energy accumulated in the motor could cause short-circuit followed by permanent damage to the internal MOSFET. As a result, the STK672-540 may give rise to emit smoke. Input Pin Functions Pin Name Pin No. Function Input Conditions When Operating CLOCK 9 Reference clock for motor phase current switching Operates on the rising edge of the signal MODE 8 Excitation mode selection Low: 2-phase excitation CWB 10 Motor direction switching Low: CW (forward) RESETB 11 System reset and A, AB, B, and BB outputs cutoff. High: 1-2 phase excitation High: CCW (reverse) A reset is applied by a low level Applications must apply a reset signal for at least 10μs when VDD is first applied. ENABLE 12 The A, AB, B, and BB outputs are turned off, and after The A, AB, B, and BB outputs are turned off by a low- operation is restored by returning the ENABLE pin to the level input. high level, operation continues with the same excitation timing as before the low-level input. (1) A simple reset function is formed from D1, CO2, RO3, and RO4 in this application circuit. With the CLOCK input held low, when the 5V supply voltage is brought up a reset is applied if the motor output phases A and BB are driven. If the 5V supply voltage rise time is slow (over 50ms), the motor output phases A and BB may not be driven. Increase the value of the capacitor CO2 and check circuit operation again. (2) See the timing chart for the concrete details on circuit operation. No. A0754-6/22 STK672-540 Timing Charts 2-phase excitation VDD RESETB MODE CWB CLOCK ENABLE FAO FAB FBO FBB 1-2 phase excitation VDD RESETB MODE CWB CLOCK ENABLE FAO FAB FBO FBB No. A0754-7/22 STK672-540 1-2 phase excitation VDD RESETB MODE CWB CLOCK ENABLE FAO FAB FBO FBB 2-phase excitation→Switch to 1-2 phase excitation VDD RESETB MODE CWB CLOCK ENABLE FAO FAB FBO FBB No. A0754-8/22 STK672-540 1-2-phase excitation→Switch to 2 phase excitation VDD RESETB MODE CWB CLOCK ENABLE FAO FAB FBO FBB No. A0754-9/22 STK672-540 1-2 phase excitation (ENABLE) VDD RESETB MODE CWB CLOCK ENABLE FAO FAB FBO FBB 1-2 phase excitation (Hold operation results during fixed CLOCK) VDD RESETB MODE CWB CLOCK ENABLE Hold operation FAO FAB FBO FBB No. A0754-10/22 STK672-540 Usage Notes 1. STK672-530 and STK672-540 input signal functions and timing (All inputs have no internal pull-up resistor.) [RESETB and CLOCK (Input signal timing when power is first applied)] As shown in the timing chart, a RESETB signal input is required by the driver to operate with the timing in which the F1 gate is turned on first. The RESETB signal timing must be set up to have a width of at least 10μs, as shown below. The capacitor CO2, and the resistors RO3 and RO4 in the application circuit form simple reset circuit that uses the RC time constant rising time. However, when designing the RESETB input based on VIH levels, the application must have the timing shown in figure. Rise of the 5V supply voltage RESETB signal input At least 10μs CLOCK signal At least 5μs Figure 1 RESETB and CLOCK Signals Input Timing [CLOCK (Phase switching clock)] • Input frequency: DC to 50kHz • Minimum pulse width: 10μs • Signals are read on the rising edge. [CWB (Motor direction setting)] The direction of rotation is switched by setting CWB to 1 (high) or 0 (low). See the timing charts for details on the operation of the outputs. Note: The state of the CWB input must not be changed during the 6.25μs period before and after the rising edge of the CLOCK input. [ENABLE (Controls forced OFF for A, AB, B, and selects BB and selects operation/hold mode of the hybrid IC)] ENABLE=1: Normal operation ENABLE=0: Outputs A, AB, B, and BB forced to the off state. If, during the state where CLOCK signal input is provided, the ENABLE pin is set to 0 and then is later restored to the 1 state, the IC will resume operation with the excitation timing continued from before the point ENABLE was set to 0. Enable must be initially set high for input as shown in the timing chart. [MODE (Excitation mode selection)] MODE=0: 2-phase excitation MODE=1: 1-2 phase excitation See the timing charts for details on output operation in these modes. Note: The state of the MODE input must not be changed during the 5μs period before and after the rising edge of the CLOCK input. No. A0754-11/22 STK672-540 [Configuration of Each Input Pin] <Configuration of the MODE, CLOCK, CWB, RESETB, and ENABLE input pins> Input pins: Pin 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 Control IC 5V VSS All input pins of this driver support schmitt input. Typ specifications at Tc = 25°C are given below. Hysteresis voltage is 0.6V (VIHa-VILa). When rising When falling 1.7Vtyp 1.1Vtyp Input voltage VILa VIHa Input voltage specifications are as follows. VIH=2.5V min VIL=0.6V max <Configuration of the Vref Input Pin> Input pin: Pin 7 5V Vref 3.9kΩ/1% 7 R1 or R2/2% 0.1μF GND 1 1kΩ/1% No. A0754-12/22 STK672-540 <Precautions for Input Signal> Because the ringing voltage VIG of the GND line is added to the input signals inside the hybrid IC, the greater the through rate of input signals, the more opportunities there are to input a ringing signal at the rising or falling edge. Particularly in cases where a capacitor is added to output pins 2, 3, 4, and 5 as shown in the figure below to suppress electromagnetic noise, the ringing voltage increases even further due to charge/discharge of the capacitor. The ringing voltage amplitude of this type may exceed 0.6V input Hysteresis voltage. Because the ringing signal can cause a malfunction leading to failure due to over-current, be sure to apply input signals with the highest through rate possible. Direct input with HC type CMOS ICs is recommended. 2-phase stepping motor driver 2200pF A AB B BB VDD(5V) MODE 24V CLOCK CWB RESETB ENABLE GND GND 1000pF VIN VSS VIG Vref VIN No. A0754-13/22 STK672-540 2. Calculating STK672-540 HIC Internal Power Loss The average internal power loss in each excitation mode of the STK672-540 can be calculated from the following formulas. Each excitation mode 2-phase excitation mode 2PdAVex= (Vsat+Vdf) ×0.5×CLOCK×IOH×t2+0.5×CLOCK×IOH× (Vsat×t1+Vdf×t3) 1-2 phase excitation mode 1-2PdAVex= (Vsat+Vdf) ×0.25×CLOCK×IOH×t2+0.25×CLOCK×IOH× (Vsat×t1+Vdf×t3) Motor hold mode HoldPdAVex= (Vsat+Vdf) ×IOH Vsat: Combined voltage represented by the Ron voltage drop+shunt resistor Vdf: Combined voltage represented by the MOSFET body diode+shunt resistor CLOCK: Input CLOCK (CLOCK pin signal frequency) t1, t2, and t3 represent the waveforms shown in the figure below. t1: Time required for the winding current to reach the set current (IOH) t2: Time in the constant current control (PWM) region t3: Time from end of phase input signal until inverse current regeneration is complete IOH 0A t1 t2 t3 Motor COM Current Waveform Model t1= (-L/(R+0.28)) In (1-((R+0.28)/VCC) ×IOH) t3= (-L/R) In ((VCC+0.28)/(IOH×R+VCC+0.28)) VCC: Motor supply voltage (V) L: Motor inductance (H) R: Motor winding resistance (Ω) IOH: Motor set output current crest value (A) Relationship of CLOCK, t1, t2, and t3 in each excitation mode 2-phase excitation mode: t2= (2/CLOCK) - (t1+t3) 1-2 phase excitation mode: t2= (3/CLOCK) -t1 For Vsat and Vdf, be sure to substitute values from the graphs of Vsat vs. IOH and Vdf vs. IOH while the set current value is IOH. Then, determine whether a heat sink is required by comparing with the graph of ΔTc vs. Pd based on the average HIC power loss calculated. When designing a heat sink, refer to the section “Thermal design” found on the next page. The average HIC power loss, PdAV, described above does not have the avalanche’s loss. To include the avalanche’s loss, be sure to add Equation (2), “STK672-5** Allowable Avalanche Energy Value” to PdAV above. When using this IC without a fin always check for temperature increases in the set, because the HIC substrate temperature, Tc, varies due to effects of convection around the HIC. No. A0754-14/22 STK672-540 STK672-540 Output saturation voltage, Vsat - Output current, IOH Vsat - IOH Output saturation voltage, Vsat - V 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 C °C 5° 25 10 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Output current, IOH - A 4.0 ITF02568 STK672-540 Forward voltage, Vdf -Output current, IOH Vdf- IOH 1.8 Forward voltage, Vdf - V 1.6 1.4 C 25° 1.2 1.0 C 105° 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Output current, IOH - A 4.0 ITF02569 Substrate temperature rise , ΔTc (no heat sink) - Internal average power dissipation, PdAV ΔTc - PdAV Substrate temperature rise, ΔTc - °C 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Hybrid IC internal average power dissipation, PdAV - W 3.0 ITF02566 No. A0754-15/22 STK672-540 3. STK672-540 Allowable Avalanche Energy Value (1) Allowable Range in Avalanche Mode When driving a 2-phase stepping motor with constant current chopping using an STK672-5** Series hybrid IC, the waveforms shown in Figure 1 below result for the output current, ID, and voltage, VDS. VDSS: Voltage during avalanche operations VDS IOH: Motor current peak value IAVL: Current during avalanche operations ID tAVL: Time of avalanche operations ITF02557 Figure 1 Output Current, ID, and Voltage, VDS, Waveforms 1 of the STK672-5** Series when Driving a 2-Phase Stepping Motor with Constant Current Chopping When operations of the MOSFET built into STK672-5** Series ICs is turned off for constant current chopping, the ID signal falls like the waveform shown in the figure above. At this time, the output voltage, VDS, suddenly rises due to electromagnetic induction generated by the motor coil. In the case of voltage that rises suddenly, voltage is restricted by the MOSFET VDSS. Voltage restriction by VDSS results in a MOSFET avalanche. During avalanche operations, ID flows and the instantaneous energy at this time, EAVL1, is represented by Equation (1). EAVL1=VDSS×IAVL×0.5×tAVL ------------------------------------------- (1) VDSS: V units, IAVL: A units, tAVL: sec units The coefficient 0.5 in Equation (1) is a constant required to convert the IAVL triangle wave to a square wave. During STK672-5** Series operations, the waveforms in the figure above repeat due to the constant current chopping operation. The allowable avalanche energy, EAVL, is therefore represented by Equation (2) used to find the average power loss, PAVL, during avalanche mode multiplied by the chopping frequency in Equation (1). PAVL=VDSS×IAVL×0.5×tAVL×fc ------------------------------------------- (2) fc: Hz units (fc is set to the PWM frequency of 50kHz.) For VDSS, IAVL, and tAVL, be sure to actually operate the STK672-5** Series and substitute values when operations are observed using an oscilloscope. Ex. If VDSS=110V, IAVL=1A, tAVL=0.2μs when using a STK672-540 driver, the result is: PAVL=110×1×0.5×0.2×10-6×50×103=0.55W VDSS=110V is a value actually measured using an oscilloscope. The allowable loss range for the allowable avalanche energy value, PAVL, is shown in the graph in Figure 3. When examining the avalanche energy, be sure to actually drive a motor and observe the ID, VDSS, and tAVL waveforms during operation, and then check that the result of calculating Equation (2) falls within the allowable range for avalanche operations. No. A0754-16/22 STK672-540 (2) ID and VDSS Operating Waveforms in Non-avalanche Mode Although the waveforms during avalanche mode are given in Figure 1, sometimes an avalanche does not result during actual operations. Factors causing avalanche are listed below. • Poor coupling of the motor’s phase coils (electromagnetic coupling of A phase and AB phase, B phase and BB phase). • Increase in the lead inductance of the harness caused by the circuit pattern of the P.C. board and motor. • Increases in VDSS, tAVL, and IAVL in Figure 1 due to an increase in the supply voltage from 24V to 36V. If the factors above are negligible, the waveforms shown in Figure 1 become waveforms without avalanche as shown in Figure 2. Under operations shown in Figure 2, avalanche does not occur and there is no need to consider the allowable loss range of PAVL shown in Figure 3. VDS IOH: Motor current peak value ID ITF02558 Figure 2 Output Current, ID, and Voltage, VDS, Waveforms 2 of the STK672-5** Series when Driving a 2-Phase Stepping Motor with Constant Current Chopping Average power loss in the avalanche state, PAVL- W Figure 3 Allowable Loss Range, PAVL-IOH During STK672-540 Avalanche Operations PAVL - IOH 8 80°C 7 6 5 105°C 4 3 2 1 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Motor phase current, IOH - A 3.0 3.5 ITF02570 Note: The operating conditions given above represent a loss when driving a 2-phase stepping motor with constant current chopping. Because it is possible to apply 4.8W or more at IOH=0A, be sure to avoid using the MOSFET body diode that is used to drive the motor as a zener diode. No. A0754-17/22 STK672-540 4. Thermal design [Operating range in which a heat sink is not used] Use of a heat sink to lower the operating substrate temperature of the HIC (Hybrid IC) is effective in increasing the quality of the HIC. The size of heat sink for the HIC varies depending on the magnitude of the average power loss, PdAV, within the HIC. The value of PdAV increases as the output current increases. To calculate PdAV, refer to “Calculating Internal HIC Loss for the STK672-540” in the specification document. Calculate the internal HIC loss, PdAV, assuming repeat operation such as shown in Figure 1 below, since conduction during motor rotation and off time both exist during actual motor operations. IO1 Motor phase current (sink side) IO2 0A -IO1 T1 T2 T3 T0 Figure 1 Motor Current Timing T1: Motor rotation operation time T2: Motor hold operation time T3: Motor current off time T2 may be reduced, depending on the application. T0: Single repeated motor operating cycle IO1 and IO2: Motor current peak values Due to the structure of motor windings, the phase current is a positive and negative current with a pulse form. Note that figure 1 presents the concepts here, and that the on/off duty of the actual signals will differ. The hybrid IC internal average power dissipation PdAV can be calculated from the following formula. PdAV= (T1×P1+T2×P2+T3×0) ÷T0 ---------------------------- (I) (Here, P1 is the PdAV for IO1 and P2 is the PdAV for IO2) If the value calculated using Equation (I) is 1.5W or less, and the ambient temperature, Ta, is 60°C or less, there is no need to attach a heat sink. Refer to Figure 2 for operating substrate temperature data when no heat sink is used. [Operating range in which a heat sink is used] Although a heat sink is attached to lower Tc if PdAV increases, the resulting size can be found using the value of θc-a in Equation (II) below and the graph depicted in Figure 3. θc-a= (Tc max-Ta) ÷PdAV ---------------------------- (II) Tc max: Maximum operating substrate temperature =105°C Ta: HIC ambient temperature Although a heat sink can be designed based on equations (I) and (II) above, be sure to mount the HIC in a set and confirm that the substrate temperature, Tc, is 105°C or less. The average HIC power loss, PdAV, described above represents the power loss when there is no avalanche operation. To add the loss during avalanche operations, be sure to add Equation (2), “Allowable STK672-5** Avalanche Energy Value”, to PdAV. No. A0754-18/22 STK672-540 Figure 2 Substrate temperature rise, ΔTc - Internal average power dissipation, PdAV ΔTc - PdAV Substrate temperature rise, ΔTc - °C 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Hybrid IC internal average power dissipation, PdAV - W 3.0 ITF02566 Figure 3 Heat sink area (Board thickness: 2mm) - θc-a θc-a - S Heat sink thermal resistance, θc-a - °C/W 100 7 5 3 2 Wit hn 10 Wit h 7 5 a fl o su rfac e at b lack 3 fini sh surf ace fi 2 1.0 10 2 3 5 7 100 2 Heat sink area, S - cm2 nish 3 5 7 1000 ITF02554 No. A0754-19/22 STK672-540 5. Changes in motor state when switching excitation with STK672-5** Series Example 1: Switching from 2-phase to 1-2 phase excitation Motor status is maintained when the excitation mode (MODE) is switched during motor rotation. Because CLOCK cannot be detected when the interval between the rise in the MODE and CLOCK signals is 5μs or less, the mode may not change for one CLOCK cycle. MODE FAO FAB FB0 FBB CLOCK (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) A B B A The solid arrows indicate 2-phase excitation, and dashed arrows indicate 1-phase excitation. No. A0754-20/22 STK672-540 Example 2: Switching from 1-2 phase to 2-phase excitation Motor status is maintained when the excitation mode (MODE) is switched during motor rotation. Because CLOCK cannot be detected when the interval between the rise in the MODE signal and CLOCK signal is 5μs or less, the mode may not change for one CLOCK cycle. MODE FAO FAB FB0 FBB CLOCK (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) A B B A The solid arrows indicate 2-phase excitation, and dashed arrows indicate 1-phase excitation. No. A0754-21/22 STK672-540 SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. assumes no responsibility for equipment failures that result from using products at values that exceed, even momentarily, rated values (such as maximum ratings, operating condition ranges, or other parameters) listed in products specifications of any and all SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. products described or contained herein. SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. strives to supply high-quality high-reliability products, however, any and all semiconductor products fail or malfunction with some probability. It is possible that these probabilistic failures or malfunction could give rise to accidents or events that could endanger human lives, trouble that could give rise to smoke or fire, or accidents that could cause damage to other property. When designing equipment, adopt safety measures so that these kinds of accidents or events cannot occur. Such measures include but are not limited to protective circuits and error prevention circuits for safe design, redundant design, and structural design. In the event that any or all SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. products described or contained herein are controlled under any of applicable local export control laws and regulations, such products may require the export license from the authorities concerned in accordance with the above law. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, or otherwise, without the prior written consent of SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. Any and all information described or contained herein are subject to change without notice due to product/technology improvement, etc. When designing equipment, refer to the "Delivery Specification" for the SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. product that you intend to use. Information (including circuit diagrams and circuit parameters) herein is for example only; it is not guaranteed for volume production. Upon using the technical information or products described herein, neither warranty nor license shall be granted with regard to intellectual property rights or any other rights of SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. or any third party. SANYO Semiconductor Co.,Ltd. shall not be liable for any claim or suits with regard to a third party's intellectual property rights which has resulted from the use of the technical information and products mentioned above. This catalog provides information as of June, 2011. Specifications and information herein are subject to change without notice. PS No. A0754-22/22