Data Sheet 27651.20 3425 X X DUAL, CHOPPER-STABILIZED, ULTRA-SENSITIVE, BIPOLAR HALL-EFFECT SWITCH 1 2 3 4 SUPPLY OUTPUT1 OUTPUT2 GROUND V CC Dwg. PH-017 Pinning is shown viewed from branded side. PRELIMINARY INFORMATION (subject to change without notice) August 21, 2000 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS at TA = +25°C Supply Voltage, VCC ........................ 26.5 V Reverse Battery Voltage, VRCC .......... -18 V Zener Current, IZ ............................ 100 mA Magnetic Flux Density, B ........... Unlimited Output Off Voltage, VOUT .................... VCC Output Current, IOUT ........................ 30 mA Reverse Output Current, IOUT ........ -50 mA Package Power Dissipation, PD . See Graph Junction Temperature, TJ ............... +170°C Operating Temperature Range, TA, ............................ -40°C to +150°C Storage Temperature Range, TS .............................. -65°C to +170°C The A3425LK dual Hall-effect switch is an extremely temperature-stable and stress-resistant sensor especially suited for use in digital-encoder systems in the harsh environments of automotive or industrial applications over extended temperature ranges to +150°C. Superior high-temperature performance is made possible through dynamic offset cancellation, which reduces the residual offset voltage normally caused by device overmolding, temperature dependencies, and thermal stress. This device also eliminates the major manufacturing hurdles encountered in fine-pitch direction-detection applications, namely maintaining accurate mechanical location between the two active Hall elements. Here, the two Hall elements are photolithographically aligned to better than 1 µm, as contrasted with 100 µm or worse mechanical location tolerance when manufactured discretely. The A3425LK is an ultra-sensitive device optimized for use with highdensity ring magnets. The device includes on a single silicon chip a voltage regulator, two independent chopper-stabilized Hall-voltage generators , two smallsignal amplifiers, two Schmitt triggers, and two short-circuit protected open-collector outputs to sink up to 30 mA each. An on-board regulator permits operation with supply voltages of 3.3 to 26.5 volts. With suitable output pull ups, it can be used directly with bipolar or MOS logic circuits. The A3425LK dual Hall-effect switch is supplied in a 4-pin plastic SIP for operation over a temperature range of -40°C to +150°C. A similar device, with on-chip logic processing specifically for direction detection applications, in a 5-pin SIP, is the A3422LKA. FEATURES ■ Two Matched Hall Switches On A Single Substrate ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 1 mm Sensor-to-Sensor Spacing Superior Temperature Stability Resistant to Physical Stress Output Short-Circuit Protection Operation From Unregulated Supply Reverse Battery Protection Solid-State Reliability Integrated ESD Protection on Outputs and Supply Always order by complete part number, e.g., A3425LK . 3425 DUAL, CHOPPER-STABILIZED, ULTRA-SENSITIVE, BIPOLAR HALL-EFFECT SWITCH FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM SUPPLY TO ALL SUBCIRCUITS DYNAMIC OFFSET CANCELLATION REG. X OUTPUT1 SAMPLE & HOLD E1 LOW-PASS FILTER 1 2 CONTROL CURRENT LIMIT DYNAMIC OFFSET CANCELLATION <1Ω OUTPUT2 LOW-PASS FILTER X SAMPLE & HOLD E2 3 CONTROL CURRENT LIMIT <1Ω GROUND 4 ALLOWABLE PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION IN WATTS Dwg. FH-020-7 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 FREE AIR, R θJA = 177°C/W 0.2 0 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IN °C Dwg. GH-001-1 2 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 Copyright © 2000, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 3425 DUAL, CHOPPER-STABILIZED, ULTRA-SENSITIVE, BIPOLAR HALL-EFFECT SWITCH ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS over operating temperature range, each switch tested separately (unless otherwise specified). Limits Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units 3.3 – 26.5 V Supply Voltage Range VCC Operating, TJ < 170°C1 Output Leakage Current IOFF VOUT = 18 V, B < BRP – <1.0 10 µA VOUT(SAT) IOUT = 20 mA, B > BOP – 225 400 mV B > BOP 30 – 55 mA – 340 – kHz Output Saturation Voltage Output Current Limit IOM Chopping Frequency fC Output Rise Time tr RL = 820 Ω, CL = 10 pF – 110 – ns Output Fall Time tf RL = 820 Ω, CL = 10 pF – 55 – ns Both outputs off, VCC ≤ 26.5 V – 3.8 6.0 mA Both outputs on, VCC ≤ 26.5 V – 7.5 10 mA VRCC = -18 V – 2.0 15 mA Total Supply Current Reverse Battery Current ICC ICC Zener Voltage VZ + VD ICC = 15 mA, TA = 25°C 28 33 37 V Zener Impedance zz + z D ICC = 15 mA, TA = 25°C – 50 100 Ω NOTES:1. Supply voltage is limited by allowable package power dissipation as a function of ambient temperature. 2. BOP = operate point (output turns on); BRP = release point (output turns off). 3. Typical Data is at TA = +25°C and VCC = 12 V and is for design information only. MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS over operating supply voltage and temperature ranges, each switch tested separately (unless otherwise specified). Limits Characteristic Symbol Operate Point Release Point Hysteresis Min. Typ. Max. Units BOP1 – 8.0 24 G BOP2 – 11 24 G BRP1 -24 -11 – G BRP2 -24 -8.0 – G 5.0 19 35 G Bhys Test Conditions BOP – BRP Operate Differential BOP(dif) BOP1 – BOP2 – -2.0 ±30 G Release Differential BRP(dif) BRP1 – BRP2 – -3.3 ±30 G BOP + BRP – – ±30 G Symmetry Bsym NOTES:1. As used here, negative flux densities are defined as less than zero (algebraic convention) and -50 G is less than +10 G. 2. Typical Data is at TA = +25°C and VCC = 12 V and is for design information only. www.allegromicro.com 3 3425 DUAL, CHOPPER-STABILIZED, ULTRA-SENSITIVE, BIPOLAR HALL-EFFECT SWITCH TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS as a function of temperature CHANNEL 1 SWITCH POINTS CHANNEL 2 SWITCH POINTS 25 25 20 20 15 VCC = 18-26.5 V VCC = 3.3-5 V 10 SWITCH POINT IN GAUSS SWITCH POINT IN GAUSS 15 OPERATE POINT 5 0 VCC = 5 V VCC = 3.3 V VCC = 18 V VCC = 26.5 V -5 -10 RELEASE POINT -15 10 OPERATE POINT VCC = 26.5 V VCC = 5 V VCC = 18 V VCC = 3.3 V 5 0 -5 -10 RELEASE POINT -15 -20 -25 -50 VCC = 26.5 V VCC = 18 V VCC = 3.3-5 V -20 -25 0 25 50 75 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IN °C 125 150 -25 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IN °C Dwg. GH-026-7 OUTPUT SATURATION VOLTAGE 150 Dwg. GH-026-8 TOTAL SUPPLY CURRENT 300 B ≥ BOP 8 SUPPLY CURRENT IN mA SATURATION VOLTAGE IN mV 200 100 IOUT = 20 mA 0 -50 -25 0 VCC = 18 V VCC = 26.5 V VCC = 3.3 V 25 50 75 100 125 VCC = 3.3 V 6 B ≤ BRP 4 VCC = 18 V VCC = 3.3 V 2 150 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IN °C 0 -50 -25 0 25 Dwg. GH-029-5 4 50 75 100 125 150 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IN °C 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 Dwg. GH-028-8 3425 DUAL, CHOPPER-STABILIZED, ULTRA-SENSITIVE, BIPOLAR HALL-EFFECT SWITCH TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (cont'd) as a function of supply voltage OPERATE AND RELEASE DIFFERENTIALS 25 20 BOP/BRP DIFFERENTIAL IN GAUSS 15 10 5 BOP VCC = 3.3 V VCC = 5-18 V 0 -5 BRP VCC = 3.3 V VCC = 5 V VCC = 18 V -10 -15 -20 -25 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IN °C ACTIVE AREA DEPTH 0.015" 0.38 mm NOM 150 Dwg. GH-026-9 0.039" 1.00 mm 0.083" 2.11 mm 0.053" 1.34 mm E1 SENSOR LOCATIONS A (±0.005" [0.13 mm] die placement) BRANDED SURFACE Allegro E2 1 2 3 4 Dwg. MH-001-4 Although sensor location is accurate to three sigma for a particular design, product improvements may result in small changes to sensor location. www.allegromicro.com 5 3425 DUAL, CHOPPER-STABILIZED, ULTRA-SENSITIVE, BIPOLAR HALL-EFFECT SWITCH CRITERIA FOR DEVICE QUALIFICATION All Allegro sensors are subjected to stringent qualification requirements prior to being released to production. To become qualified, except for the destructive ESD tests, no failures are permitted. 6 Qualification Test Test Method and Test Conditions Test Length Samples Biased Humidity (HAST) JESD22-A101, TA = 85°C, RH = 85% 1000 hrs 77 High-Temperature Operating Life (HTOL) JESD22-A108, TA = 150°C, TJ = 165°C 1000 hrs 77 Accelerated HTOL TA = 170°C, TJ = 180°C 168 hrs 77 Autoclave, Unbiased JESD22-A102, Condition C, 96 hrs 77 High-Temperature (Bake) Storage Life MIL-STD-883, Method 1008, TA = 170°C 1000 hrs 77 Temperature Cycle MIL-STD-883, Method 1010, -55°C to +150°C 1000 cycles 77 ESD, Human Body Model CDF-AEC-Q100-002 Pre/Post Reading x per test 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 Comments VCC = VOUT = 3.3 V Test to failure, All leads > TBD 3425 DUAL, CHOPPER-STABILIZED, ULTRA-SENSITIVE, BIPOLAR HALL-EFFECT SWITCH FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Chopper-Stabilized Technique. These devices use a proprietary dynamic offset cancellation technique, with an internal high-frequency clock to reduce the residual offset voltage of the Hall element that is normally caused by device overmolding, temperature dependencies, and thermal stress. This technique produces devices that have an extremely stable quiescent Hall output voltage, are immune to thermal stress, and have precise recoverability after temperature cycling. This technique will also slightly degrade the device output repeatability. SAMPLE & HOLD REG X The Hall element can be considered as a resistor array similar to a Wheatstone bridge. A large portion of the offset is a result of the mismatching of these resistors. The chopper-stabilizing technique cancels the mismatching of the resistors by changing the direction of the current flowing through the Hall plate and Hall voltage measurement taps, while maintaining the Hall-voltage signal that is induced by the external magnetic flux. The signal is, then, captured by a sample-and-hold circuit. Dwg. EH-012 B +V — HALL VOLTAGE More detailed descriptions of the circuit operation can be found in: Technical Paper STP 97-10, Monolithic Magnetic Hall Sensor Using Dynamic Quadrature Offset Cancellation and Technical Paper STP 99-1, ChopperStabilized Amplifiers With A Track-and-Hold Signal Demodulator. + Dwg. AH-011-2 +V www.allegromicro.com VCC OUTPUT VOLTAGE Operation. The output of these devices switches low (turns on) when a magnetic field perpendicular to the Hall sensor exceeds the operate point threshold (BOP). After turn-on, the output is capable of sinking 30 mA and the output voltage is VOUT(SAT). When the magnetic field is reduced below the release point (BRP), the device output switches high (turns off). Note especially that release can occur when the magnetic field is removed but to ensure release, a field reversal is required. The difference in the magnetic operate and release points is the hysteresis (Bhys) of the device. This built-in hysteresis allows clean switching of the output even in the presence of external mechanical vibration and electrical noise. B RP B OP VOUT(SAT) 0 -B 0 FLUX DENSITY +B Dwg. GH-034-5 7 3425 DUAL, CHOPPER-STABILIZED, ULTRA-SENSITIVE, BIPOLAR HALL-EFFECT SWITCH APPLICATIONS INFORMATION +B BOP1 BRP1 -B +B BOP2 BRP2 -B OUTE1 OUTE2 Dwg. WH-012-1 Quadrature/Direction Detection. External logic circuitry can be used to determine the direction of movement of the magnetic field across the face of the package. For the direction signal to be appropriately updated, a quadrature relationship must be maintained between the ring magnet pole width*, the sensor-to-sensor spacing, and, to a lesser extent, the magnetic switch points. For optimal design, the sensor should be actuated with a ring magnet pole width* two times the sensor-to-sensor spacing. This will produce a sinusoidal magnetic field whose period (denoted as Τ) is then four times the sensorto-sensor spacing. A quadrature relationship can also be maintained for a ring magnet that has a period that satisfies the relationship nΤ/4 = 1.0 mm, where n is any odd integer. Therefore, ring magnets with pole-pair spacings equal to 4 mm (n = 1), 1.3 mm (n = 3), etc. are permitted. The response of the device to the magnetic field produced by a rotating ring magnet is shown above. Note the desired phase shift between the two integrated sensors. Over-Current Protection. Current through each output transistor is sensed with a low-value (<1 Ω) on-chip aluminum resistor. The voltage drop across this resistor is fed back to control the base drive of that output. This feedback prevents the output transistor from exceeding its maximum current-density rating by limiting the output current to between 30 mA and 55 mA. In this mode, the device will come out of saturation and dissipate an increased amount of power PD = VOUT x IOM where VOUT = VCC - (IOM x RL) and the output transistor will be thermally stressed. This stress, unless protected against, will cause the device junction temperature to rise until it fails catastrophically. Over-current limiting is intended to protect the device from transient overloads and should not imply that output short circuits are permitted. * “Pole” refers to a single pole (North or South) unless stated as “pole pair” (North and South). 8 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 3425 DUAL, CHOPPER-STABILIZED, ULTRA-SENSITIVE, BIPOLAR HALL-EFFECT SWITCH APPLICATIONS INFORMATION (cont'd) Power Dissipation and Junction Temperature. Operating characteristics are limited by allowable package power dissipation (PD) as a function of ambient temperature (TA), which is defined by the maximum internal junction temperature (TJ = 170°C) and the package thermal resistance (RθJA = 177°C/W). Applications. It is strongly recommended that an external 0.01 µF bypass capacitor be connected (in close proximity to the Hall sensor) between the supply and ground of the device to reduce both external noise and noise generated by the internal logic. The simplest form of magnet that will operate these devices is a ring magnet. Other methods of operation, such as linear magnets, are possible. Extensive applications information on magnets and Hall-effect sensors is also available in the “Hall-Effect IC Applications Guide” which can be found in the latest issue of the Allegro MicroSystems Electronic Data Book, AMS-702 or Application Note 27701, or at PD = (TJ – TA)/RθJA = (170 – TA)/177 This is shown in the graph on page 2. Actual or required package power dissipation is the sum of the two output powers (d.c. x IOUT1 x VOUT(SAT)1) + (d.c. x IOUT2 x VOUT(SAT)2) and the sensor power (ICC x VCC). At high ambient operating temperatures (above about 120°C), it is easy to exceed the allowable package power dissipation. In this case, the output currents or the supply voltage must be reduced. 1.00 COS α (mm) Operation with Fine-Pitch Ring Magnets. For targets with a circular pitch of less than 4 mm, a performance improvement can be observed by rotating the front face of the sensor subassembly (see below). This sensor rotation decreases the effective sensor-to-sensor spacing, provided that the Hall elements are not rotated beyond the width of the target. 0.039 COS α (inch) www.allegromicro.com Rotated sensor for fine-pitch ring magnets 0.039" 1.00 mm α TARGET FACE WIDTH, F >1.00 SIN α (mm) A >0.039 SIN α (inch) 1 2 A 3 1 2 3 4 4 Dwg. MH-024-1 www.allegromicro.com 9 3425 DUAL, CHOPPER-STABILIZED, ULTRA-SENSITIVE, BIPOLAR HALL-EFFECT SWITCH Dimensions in Inches Dimensions in Millimeters (controlling dimensions) (for reference only) 5.28 5.16 0.208 0.203 0.063 0.059 45° 1.60 1.50 45° 3.51 3.38 0.138 0.133 45° 45° 0.085 1 2 3 0.033 4 2.16 1 2 3 0.84 4 MAX MAX 0.0173 0.0138 0.600 0.560 0.44 0.35 15.24 14.23 SEE NOTE SEE NOTE 0.0189 0.0142 0.48 0.36 0.050 BSC 1.27 BSC Dwg. MH-009D mm Dwg. MH-009D in SURFACE-MOUNT LEAD FORM (order A3425LK-TL) 2.41 0.095 ±0.13 ±0.005 0.002 0.051 MAX MAX 0.004 0°–8° MAX 0.10 0.020 MIN FLAT MAX Dwg. MH-015 in 0°–8° 0.51 MIN FLAT Dwg. MH-015 mm NOTES: 1. Tolerances on package height and width represent allowable mold offsets. Dimensions given are measured at the widest point (parting line). 2. Exact body and lead configuration at vendor’s option within limits shown. 3. Height does not include mold gate flash. 4. Recommended minimum PWB hole diameter to clear transition area is 0.035" (0.89 mm). 5. Where no tolerance is specified, dimension is nominal. 10 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 3425 DUAL, CHOPPER-STABILIZED, ULTRA-SENSITIVE, BIPOLAR HALL-EFFECT SWITCH This page is intentionally left blank. www.allegromicro.com 11 3425 DUAL, CHOPPER-STABILIZED, ULTRA-SENSITIVE, BIPOLAR HALL-EFFECT SWITCH HALL-EFFECT SENSORS Partial Part Number Avail. Oper. Characteristics at TA = +25°C Temp. BOP max BRP min Bhys typ Features Notes GEARTOOTH/RING MAGNET (DUAL ELEMENT) HALL-EFFECT SENSORS in order of BOP 3060 3422 3059 3056 3058 3421 3054 3209 3210 3421 3422 3425 K/S E/L K/S E/L E/L E/L +35 +75 +100 +150 +250 +280 -35 -75 -100 -150 -250 -280 30 46 130 50 200 335 ac coupled direction detection ac coupled zero-speed zero-speed direction detection K/S E E E/L E/L L SPECIAL-PURPOSE HALL-EFFECT SENSORS +300 +5.0 50 unipolar switch, multiplexed ±60 ±5.0 7.7 400 µW, chopper stabilized ±60 ±5.0 7.7 25 µW, chopper stabilized +280 -280 335 direction detection +85 -85 46 direction detection +24 -24 19 dual, chopper stabilized 6 1 Operating Temperature Ranges: S = -20°C to +85°C, E = -40°C to +85°C, J = -40°C to +115°C, K = -40°C to +125°C, L = -40°C to +150°C Notes 1. Protected. 6. Multiplexed two-wire sensor; after proper address, power/signal bus current indicates magnetic field condition. The products described herein are manufactured under one or more of the following U.S. patents: 5,045,920; 5,264,783; 5,442,283; 5,389,889; 5,581,179; 5,517,112; 5,619,137; 5,621,319; 5,650,719; 5,686,894; 5,694,038; 5,729,130; 5,917,320; and other patents pending. Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that the information being relied upon is current. Allegro products are not authorized for use as critical components in life-support appliances, devices, or systems without express written approval. The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. assumes no responsibility for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. 12 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000