ALLEGRO A3967

Data Sheet
26184.24C
3967
MICROSTEPPING DRIVER
WITH TRANSLATOR
PWM
TIMER
24
PFD
REF
1
RC 2
2
23 RC 1
SLEEP
3
22 RESET
OUT2B
4
21 OUT1B
LOAD
SUPPLY2
5
GND
6
19
GND
GND
7
18
GND
SENSE2
8
17
SENSE1
OUT2A
9
16
OUT1A
STEP
10
DIR
11
MS1
12
÷8
VBB2
VBB1
TRANSLATOR
& CONTROL
LOGIC
VCC
LOAD
20 SUPPLY1
15 ENABLE
14
LOGIC
SUPPLY
13
MS2
Dwg. PP-075-2
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
at TA = +25°C
Load Supply Voltage, VBB ............. 30 V
Output Current, IOUT
Continuous ..................... ±750 mA*
Peak ................................. ±850 mA
Logic Supply Voltage, VCC ........... 7.0 V
Logic Input Voltage Range, VIN
(tw >30 ns) ............. -0.3 V to +7.0 V
(tw <30 ns) ................ -1 V to +7.0 V
Sense Voltage, VSENSE ............... 0.68 V
Reference Voltage, VREF ................ VCC
Package Power Dissipation,
PD ................................. See page 8
Operating Temperature Range,
TA ........................... -20°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature, TJ ......... +150°C
Storage Temperature Range,
TS ......................... -55°C to +150°C
* Output current rating may be limited by
duty cycle, ambient temperature, and heat
sinking. Under any set of conditions, do not
exceed the specified current rating or a
junction temperature of 150°C.
The A3967SLB is a complete microstepping motor driver with
built-in translator. It is designed to operate bipolar stepper motors in
full-, half-, quarter-, and eighth-step modes, with output drive capability of 30 V and ±750 mA. The A3967SLB includes a fixed off-time
current regulator that has the ability to operate in slow, fast, or mixed
current-decay modes. This current-decay control scheme results in
reduced audible motor noise, increased step accuracy, and reduced
power dissipation.
The translator is the key to the easy implementation of the
A3967SLB. By simply inputting one pulse on the STEP input the
motor will take one step (full, half, quarter, or eighth depending on two
logic inputs). There are no phase-sequence tables, high-frequency
control lines, or complex interfaces to program. The A3967SLB
interface is an ideal fit for applications where a complex µP is unavailable or over-burdened.
Internal circuit protection includes thermal shutdown with hysteresis, under-voltage lockout (UVLO) and crossover-current protection.
Special power-up sequencing is not required.
The A3967SLB is supplied in a 24-lead SOIC with copper batwing
tabs. The tabs are at ground potential and need no insulation. A leadfree (100% matte tin leadframe) version is also available.
FEATURES
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
±750 mA, 30 V Output Rating
Satlington™ Sink Drivers
Automatic Current-Decay Mode Detection/Selection
3.0 V to 5.5 V Logic Supply Voltage Range
Mixed, Fast, and Slow Current-Decay Modes
Internal UVLO and Thermal Shutdown Circuitry
Crossover-Current Protection
Always order by complete part number:
Part Number
A3967SLB
A3967SLB-T
Package
24-lead batwing SOIC
24-lead batwing SOIC; Lead-free
3967
MICROSTEPPING DRIVER
WITH TRANSLATOR
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
LOGIC
SUPPLY
VCC
LOAD
SUPPLY
UVLO
AND
FAULT
DETECT
14
REF.
SUPPLY
REF
VBB1
20
1
÷8
DAC
SENSE
+
-
RC1
OUT1A
PWM LATCH
BLANKING
MIXED DECAY
23
16
OUT1B
21
PWM TIMER
3
STEP 10
MS1 12
MS2 13
SLEEP
17
CONTROL LOGIC
RESET 22
SENSE1
TRANSLATOR
DIR 11
3
5
VBB2
ENABLE 15
VPF
OUT2A
24
PFD
9
PWM TIMER
3
OUT2B
4
PWM LATCH
BLANKING
MIXED DECAY
2
RC2
+
-
DAC
8
6
7
SENSE2
18 19
Table 1. Microstep Resolution Truth Table
MS1
L
H
L
H
2
MS2
L
L
H
H
Resolution
Full step (2 phase)
Half step
Quarter step
Eighth step
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
Copyright © 2002, 2003 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
Dwg. FP-050-3A
3967
MICROSTEPPING DRIVER
WITH TRANSLATOR
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS at TA = +25°C, VBB = 30 V, VCC = 3.0 V to 5.5V (unless otherwise
noted)
Limits
Characteristic
Symbol Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units
4.75
–
30
V
During sleep mode
0
–
30
V
VOUT = VBB
–
<1.0
20
µA
VOUT = 0 V
–
<-1.0
-20
µA
Source driver, IOUT = -750 mA
–
1.9
2.1
V
Source driver, IOUT = -400 mA
–
1.7
2.0
V
Sink driver, IOUT = 750 mA
–
0.65
1.3
V
Sink driver, IOUT = 400 mA
–
0.21
0.5
V
IF = 750 mA
–
1.4
1.6
V
IF = 400 mA
–
1.1
1.4
V
Outputs enabled
–
–
5.0
mA
RESET high
–
–
200
µA
Sleep mode
–
–
20
µA
3.0
5.0
5.5
V
Output Drivers
Load Supply Voltage Range
Output Leakage Current
Output Saturation Voltage
Clamp Diode Forward Voltage
Motor Supply Current
VBB
ICEX
VCE(sat)
VF
IBB
Operating
Control Logic
Logic Supply Voltage Range
VCC
Logic Input Voltage
VIN(1)
0.7VCC
–
–
V
VIN(0)
–
–
0.3VCC
V
Logic Input Current
Operating
IIN(1)
VIN = 0.7VCC
-20
<1.0
20
µA
IIN(0)
VIN = 0.3VCC
-20
<1.0
20
µA
500*
–
–
kHz
Maximum STEP Frequency
fSTEP
Blank Time
tBLANK
Rt = 56 kΩ, Ct = 680 pF
700
950
1200
ns
toff
Rt = 56 kΩ, Ct = 680 pF
30
38
46
µs
Fixed Off Time
continued next page …
www.allegromicro.com
3
3967
MICROSTEPPPING DRIVER
WITH TRANSLATOR
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS at TA = +25°C, VBB = 30 V, VCC = 3.0 V to 5.5V (unless otherwise
noted)
Limits
Characteristic
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units
–
0.6VCC
–
V
Control Logic (cont’d)
Mixed Decay Trip Point
PFDH
PFDL
Ref. Input Voltage Range
VREF
Reference Input Impedance
ZREF
Gain (Gm) Error
EG
(note 3)
Thermal Shutdown Temp.
Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis
UVLO Enable Threshold
UVLO Hysteresis
Logic Supply Current
Operating
VREF = 2 V, Phase Current = 38.37% †
–
V
–
VCC
V
120
160
200
kΩ
–
–
±10
%
–
–
±5.0
%
VREF = 2 V, Phase Current = 100.00% †
–
–
±5.0
%
–
165
–
°C
Increasing VCC
∆VUVLO
ICC
0.21VCC
VREF = 2 V, Phase Current = 70.71% †
TJ
∆TJ
VUVLO
–
1.0
Outputs enabled
–
15
–
°C
2.45
2.7
2.95
V
0.05
0.10
–
V
–
50
65
mA
Outputs off
–
–
9.0
mA
Sleep mode
–
–
20
µA
* Operation at a step frequency greater than the specified minimum value is possible but not warranteed.
† 8 microstep/step operation.
NOTES: 1. Typical Data is for design information only.
2. Negative current is defined as coming out of (sourcing) the specified device terminal.
3. EG = ([VREF/8] – VSENSE)/(VREF/8)
4
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
3967
MICROSTEPPING DRIVER
WITH TRANSLATOR
Functional Description
Device Operation. The A3967 is a complete
microstepping motor driver with built in translator for
easy operation with minimal control lines. It is designed
to operate bipolar stepper motors in full-, half-, quarterand eighth-step modes. The current in each of the two
output H-bridges is regulated with fixed off time pulsewidth modulated (PWM) control circuitry. The H-bridge
current at each step is set by the value of an external
current sense resistor (RS), a reference voltage (VREF), and
the DAC’s output voltage controlled by the output of the
translator.
At power up, or reset, the translator sets the DACs and
phase current polarity to initial home state (see figures for
home-state conditions), and sets the current regulator for
both phases to mixed-decay mode. When a step command
signal occurs on the STEP input the translator automatically sequences the DACs to the next level (see table 2 for
the current level sequence and current polarity). The
microstep resolution is set by inputs MS1 and MS2 as
shown in table 1. If the new DAC output level is lower
than the previous level the decay mode for that H-bridge
will be set by the PFD input (fast, slow or mixed decay).
If the new DAC level is higher or equal to the previous
level then the decay mode for that H-bridge will be slow
decay. This automatic current-decay selection will
improve microstepping performance by reducing the
distortion of the current waveform due to the motor
BEMF.
Reset Input (RESET). The RESET input (active low)
sets the translator to a predefined home state (see figures
for home state conditions) and turns off all of the outputs.
STEP inputs are ignored until the RESET input goes high.
Step Input (STEP). A low-to-high transition on the
STEP input sequences the translator and advances the
motor one increment. The translator controls the input to
the DACs and the direction of current flow in each winding. The size of the increment is determined by the state
of inputs MS1 and MS2 (see table 1).
www.allegromicro.com
Microstep Select (MS1 and MS2). Input terminals
MS1 and MS2 select the microstepping format per
table 1. Changes to these inputs do not take effect until
the STEP command (see figure).
Direction Input (DIR). The state of the DIRECTION
input will determine the direction of rotation of the motor.
Internal PWM Current Control. Each H-bridge is
controlled by a fixed off time PWM current-control circuit
that limits the load current to a desired value (ITRIP).
Initially, a diagonal pair of source and sink outputs are
enabled and current flows through the motor winding and
RS. When the voltage across the current-sense resistor
equals the DAC output voltage, the current-sense comparator resets the PWM latch, which turns off the source
driver (slow-decay mode) or the sink and source drivers
(fast- or mixed-decay modes).
The maximum value of current limiting is set by the
selection of RS and the voltage at the VREF input with a
transconductance function approximated by:
ITRIPmax = VREF/8RS
The DAC output reduces the VREF output to the
current-sense comparator in precise steps (see table 2 for
% ITRIPmax at each step).
ITRIP = (% ITRIPmax/100) x ITRIPmax
Fixed Off-Time. The internal PWM current-control
circuitry uses a one shot to control the time the driver(s)
remain(s) off. The one shot off-time, toff, is determined by
the selection of an external resistor (RT) and capacitor
(CT) connected from the RC timing terminal to ground.
The off time, over a range of values of CT = 470 pF to
1500 pF and RT = 12 kΩ to 100 kΩ is approximated by:
toff = RTCT
5
3967
MICROSTEPPING DRIVER
WITH TRANSLATOR
Functional Description (cont’d)
RC Blanking. In addition to the fixed off time of the
PWM control circuit, the CT component sets the comparator blanking time. This function blanks the output of the
current-sense comparator when the outputs are switched
by the internal current-control circuitry. The comparator
output is blanked to prevent false over-current detection
due to reverse recovery currents of the clamp diodes, and/
or switching transients related to the capacitance of the
load. The blank time tBLANK can be approximated by:
Percent Fast Decay Input (PFD). When a STEP
input signal commands a lower output current from the
previous step, it switches the output current decay to either
slow-, fast-, or mixed-decay depending on the voltage
level at the PFD input. If the voltage at the PFD input is
greater than 0.6VCC then slow-decay mode is selected. If
the voltage on the PFD input is less than 0.21VCC then
fast-decay mode is selected. Mixed decay is between
these two levels.
tBLANK = 1400CT
Mixed Decay Operation. If the voltage on the PFD
input is between 0.6VCC and 0.21VCC, the bridge will
operate in mixed-decay mode depending on the step
sequence (see figures). As the trip point is reached, the
device will go into fast-decay mode until the voltage on
the RC terminal decays to the voltage applied to the PFD
terminal. The time that the device operates in fast decay is
approximated by:
Shutdown. In the event of a fault (excessive junction
temperature) the outputs of the device are disabled until
the fault condition is removed. At power up, and in the
event of low VCC, the under-voltage lockout (UVLO)
circuit disables the drivers and resets the translator to the
home state.
Sleep Mode (SLEEP). An active-low control input
used to minimize power consumption when not in use.
This disables much of the internal circuitry including the
outputs. A logic high allows normal operation and startup
of the device in the home position.
Typical output saturation
voltages showing Satlington™
sink-driver operation.
tFD = RTCTIn (0.6VCC/VPFD)
After this fast decay portion, tFD, the device will
switch to slow-decay mode for the remainder of the fixed
off-time period.
2.5
OUTPUT SATURATION VOLTAGE IN VOLTS
Enable Input (ENABLE). This active-low input
enables all of the outputs. When logic high the outputs are
disabled. Inputs to the translator (STEP, DIRECTION,
MS1, MS2) are all active independent of the ENABLE
input state.
TA = +25°C
2.0
SOURCE DRIVER
1.5
1.0
0.5
SINK DRIVER
0
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
OUTPUT CURRENT IN MILLIAMPERES
Dwg. GP-064-4
6
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
3967
MICROSTEPPING DRIVER
WITH TRANSLATOR
Timing Requirements
(TA = +25°C, VCC = 5 V, Logic Levels are VCC and Ground)
STEP
50%
C
A
D
B
MS1/MS2/
DIR/RESET
E
SLEEP
Dwg. WP-042
A. Minimum Command Active Time
Before Step Pulse (Data Set-Up Time) ..... 200 ns
B. Minimum Command Active Time
After Step Pulse (Data Hold Time) ............ 200 ns
C. Minimum STEP Pulse Width ...................... 1.0 µs
D. Minimum STEP Low Time ......................... 1.0 µs
E. Maximum Wake-Up Time ......................... 1.0 ms
www.allegromicro.com
7
3967
MICROSTEPPING DRIVER
WITH TRANSLATOR
Applications Information
Layout. The printed wiring board should use a heavy
ground plane.
For optimum electrical and thermal performance, the
driver should be soldered directly onto the board.
The load supply terminal, VBB, should be decoupled
with an electrolytic capacitor (>47 µF is recommended)
placed as close to the device as possible.
To avoid problems due to capacitive coupling of the
high dv/dt switching transients, route the bridge-output
traces away from the sensitive logic-input traces. Always
drive the logic inputs with a low source impedance to
increase noise immunity.
Grounding. A star ground system located close to the
driver is recommended.
The 24-lead SOIC has the analog ground and the
power ground internally bonded to the power tabs of the
package (leads 6, 7, 18, and 19).
Current Sensing. To minimize inaccuracies caused by
ground-trace IR drops in sensing the output current level,
the current-sense resistor (RS) should have an independent
ground return to the star ground of the device. This path
should be as short as possible. For low-value sense
resistors the IR drops in the printed wiring board sense
resistor’s traces can be significant and should be taken
into account. The use of sockets should be avoided as
they can introduce variation in RS due to their contact
resistance.
Allegro MicroSystems recommends a value of RS
given by
RS = 0.5/ITRIPmax
Thermal protection. Circuitry turns off all drivers
when the junction temperature reaches 165°C, typically.
It is intended only to protect the device from failures due
to excessive junction temperatures and should not imply
that output short circuits are permitted. Thermal shutdown has a hysteresis of approximately 15°C.
*RθJA = 35°C/W on JEDEC standard
“High-K” four-layer board per JESD 51-7.
†RθJA = 50°C/W on typical two-sided PCB with
1.3 square inches copper ground on each side.
See also, Application Note 29501.5,
Improving Batwing Power Dissipation.
8
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
3967
MICROSTEPPPING DRIVER
WITH TRANSLATOR
Table 2. Step Sequencing
Home State = 45º Step Angle, DIR = H
Full Step
Half Step
¼ Step
⅛ Step
Phase 1 Current
(%Itripmax)
(%)
1
1
1
100.00
0.00
0.0
2
98.08
19.51
11.3
3
92.39
38.27
22.5
4
83.15
55.56
33.8
5
70.71
70.71
45.0
6
55.56
83.15
56.3
7
38.27
92.39
67.5
8
19.51
98.08
78.8
9
0.00
100.00
90.0
10
–19.51
98.08
101.3
11
–38.27
92.39
112.5
12
–55.56
83.15
123.8
13
–70.71
70.71
135.0
14
–83.15
55.56
146.3
15
–92.39
38.27
157.5
16
–98.08
19.51
168.8
17
–100.00
0.00
180.0
18
–98.08
–19.51
191.3
19
–92.39
–38.27
202.5
20
–83.15
–55.56
213.8
21
–70.71
–70.71
225.0
22
–55.56
–83.15
236.3
23
–38.27
–92.39
247.5
24
–19.51
–98.08
258.8
25
0.00
–100.00
270.0
26
19.51
–98.08
281.3
27
38.27
–92.39
292.5
28
55.56
–83.15
303.8
29
70.71
–70.71
315.0
30
83.15
–55.56
326.3
31
92.39
–38.27
337.5
32
98.08
–19.51
348.8
2
1
2
3
4
3
5
6
2
4
7
8
5
9
10
3
6
11
12
7
13
14
4
8
15
16
www.allegromicro.com
Phase 2 Current
(%Itripmax)
(%)
Step Angle
(º)
9
3967
MICROSTEPPING DRIVER
WITH TRANSLATOR
Full Step Operation
MS1 = MS2 = L, DIR = H
STEP
INPUT
SLOW
DECAY
70.7%
PHASE 1
CURRENT
–70.7%
SLOW
DECAY
70.7%
PHASE 2
CURRENT
–70.7%
Dwg. WK-004-19
The vector addition of the output currents at any step is
100%.
10
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
3967
MICROSTEPPING DRIVER
WITH TRANSLATOR
Half Step Operation
MS1 = H, MS2 = L, DIR = H
SLOW
DECAY
MIXED
DECAY
SLOW
DECAY
MIXED
DECAY
SLOW
DECAY
MIXED
DECAY
SLOW
DECAY
MIXED
DECAY
MIXED
DECAY
SLOW
DECAY
MIXED
DECAY
SLOW
DECAY
MIXED
DECAY
SLOW
DECAY
MIXED
DECAY
SLOW
DECAY
STEP
INPUT
100%
70.7%
PHASE 1
CURRENT
–70.7%
–100%
100%
70.7%
PHASE 2
CURRENT
–70.7%
–100%
Dwg. WK-004-18
The mixed-decay mode is controlled by the percent fast
decay voltage (VPFD). If the voltage at the PFD input is
greater than 0.6VCC then slow-decay mode is selected. If
the voltage on the PFD input is less than 0.21VCC then
fast-decay mode is selected. Mixed decay is between
these two levels.
www.allegromicro.com
11
3967
MICROSTEPPING DRIVER
WITH TRANSLATOR
Quarter Step Operation
MS1 = L, MS2 = H, DIR = H
STEP
INPUT
SLOW
DECAY
MIXED
DECAY
SLOW
DECAY
MIXED
DECAY
MIXED
DECAY
SLOW
DECAY
MIXED
DECAY
SLOW
DECAY
100%
70.7%
38.3%
PHASE 1
CURRENT
–38.3%
–70.7%
–100%
100%
70.7%
38.3%
PHASE 2
CURRENT
–38.3%
–70.7%
–100%
Dwg. WK-004-17
The mixed-decay mode is controlled by the percent fast
decay voltage (VPFD). If the voltage at the PFD input is
greater than 0.6VCC then slow-decay mode is selected. If
the voltage on the PFD input is less than 0.21VCC then
fast-decay mode is selected. Mixed decay is between
these two levels.
12
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
3967
MICROSTEPPING DRIVER
WITH TRANSLATOR
8 Microstep/Step Operation
MS1 = MS2 = H, DIR = H
STEP
INPUT
SLOW
DECAY
MIXED
DECAY
SLOW
DECAY
MIXED
DECAY
MIXED
DECAY
SLOW
DECAY
MIXED
DECAY
SLOW
DECAY
100%
70.7%
38.3%
PHASE 1
CURRENT
–38.3%
–70.7%
–100%
100%
70.7%
38.3%
PHASE 2
CURRENT
–38.3%
–70.7%
–100%
Dwg. WK-004-16
The mixed-decay mode is controlled by the percent fast
decay voltage (VPFD). If the voltage at the PFD input is
greater than 0.6VCC then slow-decay mode is selected. If
the voltage on the PFD input is less than 0.21VCC then
fast-decay mode is selected. Mixed decay is between
these two levels.
www.allegromicro.com
13
3967
MICROSTEPPING DRIVER
WITH TRANSLATOR
Terminal List
Terminal
Name
REF
RC2
SLEEP
OUT2B
LOAD SUPPLY2
GND
SENSE2
OUT2A
STEP
DIR
MS1
MS2
LOGIC SUPPLY
ENABLE
OUT1A
SENSE1
GND
LOAD SUPPLY1
OUT1B
RESET
RC1
PFD
14
Terminal Description
Gm reference input
Analog input for fixed offtime – bridge 2
Logic input
H bridge 2 output B
VBB2, the load supply for bridge 2
Analog and power ground
Sense resistor for bridge 2
H bridge 2 output A
Logic input
Logic Input
Logic input
Logic input
VCC, the logic supply voltage
Logic input
H bridge 1 output A
Sense resistor for bridge 1
Analog and power ground
VBB1, the load supply for bridge 1
H bridge 1 output B
Logic input
Analog Input for fixed offtime – bridge 1
Mixed decay setting
Terminal
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6, 7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18, 19
20
21
22
23
24
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
3967
MICROSTEPPING DRIVER
WITH TRANSLATOR
24
13
0.0125
0.0091
0.419
0.394
0.2992
0.2914
0.050
0.016
0.020
0.013
1
2
3
0.6141
0.5985
0.050
BSC
Dimensions in Inches
(for reference only)
0° TO 8°
NOTE 1
NOTE 3
0.0926
0.1043
0.0040 MIN.
Dwg. MA-008-25A in
24
0.32
0.23
10.65
10.00
7.60
7.40
1.27
0.40
0.51
0.33
1
2
3
15.60
15.20
1.27
BSC
0° TO 8°
Dimensions in Millimeters
(controlling dimensions)
NOTE 1
NOTE 3
2.65
2.35
0.10 MIN.
NOTES: 1.
2.
3.
4.
Dwg. MA-008-25A mm
Exact body and lead configuration at vendor’s option within limits shown.
Lead spacing tolerance is non-cumulative.
Webbed lead frame. Leads 6, 7, 18, and 19 are internally one piece.
Supplied in standard sticks/tubes of 31 devices or add “TR” to part number for tape and reel.
www.allegromicro.com
15
3967
MICROSTEPPING DRIVER
WITH TRANSLATOR
The products described here are manufactured under one or more
U.S. patents or U.S. patents pending.
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. reserves the right to make, from time to
time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be
required to permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or
manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is
cautioned to verify that the information being relied upon is current.
Allegro products are not authorized for use as critical components
in life-support devices or systems without express written approval.
The information included herein is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. assumes no responsibility for its use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of
third parties which may result from its use.
16
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000