CS4101 CS4101 Precision Air-Core Tach/Speedo Driver with Separate Function Generator Input Description The CS4101 is specifically designed for use with air-core meter movements. The IC provides all the functions necessary for an analog tachometer or speedometer. The CS4101 takes a speed sensor input and generates sine and cosine related output signals to differentially drive an air-core meter. Many enhancements have been added over industry standard Features tachometer drivers such as the CS-289 or LM1819. The output utilizes differential drivers which eliminates the need for a zener reference and offers more torque. The device withstands 60V transients which decreases the protection circuitry required. The device is also more precise than existing devices allowing for fewer trims and for use in a speedometer. ■ Direct Sensor Input ■ High Output Torque ■ Low Pointer Flutter ■ High Input Impedance ■ Overvoltage Protection Absolute Maximum Ratings Supply Voltage (<100ms pulse transient) .........................................VCC = 60V (continuous)..............................................................VCC = 24V Operating Temperature .............................................................Ð40¡C to +105¡C Storage Temperature..................................................................Ð40¡C to +165¡C Junction Temperature .................................................................Ð40¡C to+150¡C ESD (Human Body Model) .............................................................................4kV Lead Temperature Soldering Wave Solder(through hole styles only).............10 sec. max, 260¡C peak Block Diagram BIAS Package Option + CP+ Charge Pump F/VOUT Ð Input Comp. FREQIN FGEN Voltage Regulator + Ð VREG Gnd Gnd VREG 7.0V Gnd Gnd COS+ Ð Ð + COS Output + Func. Gen. SINE+ SINE Output + + Ð Ð COS- VCC 20 Lead PDIP CP- SQOUT SINE- CP+ 1 20 CP- SQOUT 2 19 F/VOUT FREQIN 3 18 VREG BIAS 4 17 NC Gnd 5 16 Gnd Gnd 6 15 Gnd NC 7 14 NC COS+ 8 13 SIN+ COS- 9 12 SIN- VCC 10 11 FGEN High Voltage Protection Cherry Semiconductor Corporation 2000 South County Trail, East Greenwich, RI 02818 Tel: (401)885-3600 Fax: (401)885-5786 Email: [email protected] Web Site: www.cherry-semi.com Rev 11/20/98 1 A ¨ Company CS4101 Electrical Characteristics: -40¡C ² TA ² 85¡C, 8.5V ² VCC ² 15V unless otherwise specified. PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT 8.5 50 125 mA 13.1 16.0 V 4.4 ■ Supply Voltage Section ICC Supply Current VCC = 16V, -40¡C, No Load VCC Normal Operation Range ■ Input Comparator Section Positive Input Threshold 2.4 3.4 Input Hysteresis 200 400 Input Bias Current * 0V ² VIN ² 8V -10 Input Frequency Range 0 Input Voltage Range in series with 1k½ Output VSAT ICC = 10mA Output Leakage VCC = 7V -1 0.15 Low VCC Disable Threshold 7.0 Logic 0 Input Voltage 2.4 8.0 V mV -80 µA 20 KHz VCC V 0.40 V 10 µA 8.5 V V *Note: Input is clamped by an internal 12V Zener. ■ Voltage Regulator Section Output Voltage 6.25 7.00 Output Load Current 7.50 V 10 mA Output Load Regulation 0 to 10 mA 10 50 mV Output Line Regulation 8.5V ² VCC ² 16V 20 150 mV Power Supply Rejection VCC = 13.1V, 1Vp/p 1kHz 34 46 dB 1.5 2.0 2.5 V 40 150 nA ■ Charge Pump Section Inverting Input Voltage Input Bias Current Vbias Input Voltage 1.5 Non Invert. Input Voltage IIN = 1mA Linearity* @ 0, 87.5, 175, 262.5, + 350Hz F/VOUT Gain @ 350Hz, CT = 0.0033µF, RT = 243k½ 2.0 2.5 V 0.7 1.1 V -0.10 0.28 +0.70 % 7 10 13 mV/Hz Norton Gain, Positive IIN = 15µA 0.9 1.0 1.1 I/I Norton Gain, Negative IIN = 15µA 0.9 1.0 1.1 I/I *Note: Applies to % of full scale (270¡). ■ Function Generator Section: -40¡ ² TA ² 85¡C, VCC = 13.1V unless otherwise noted. Differential Drive Voltage (VCOS+ - VCOS-) Differential Drive Voltage (VSIN+ - VSIN-) Differential Drive Voltage (VCOS+ - VCOS-) Differential Drive Voltage (VSIN+ - VSIN-) Differential Drive Current 8.5V ² VCC ² 16V Q = 0¡ 8.5V ² VCC ² 16V Q = 90¡ 8.5V ² VCC ² 16V Q = 180¡ 8.5V ² VCC ² 16V Q = 270¡ 8.5V ² VCC ² 16V Zero Hertz Output Angle Function Generator Error * Reference Figures 1,2,3,4 VCC = 13.1V Q = 0¡ to 305¡ * Note: Deviation from nominal per Table 1 after calibration at 0 and 270¡. 2 5.5 6.5 7.5 V 5.5 6.5 7.5 V -7.5 -6.5 -5.5 V -7.5 -6.5 -5.5 V 33 42 mA -1.5 0.0 1.5 deg -2 0 +2 deg PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT ■ Function Generator Section: continued Function Generator Error 13.1V ² VCC ² 16V -2.5 0 +2.5 deg Function Generator Error 13.1V ² VCC ² 11V -1 0 +1 deg Function Generator Error 13.1V ² VCC ² 9V -3 0 +3 deg Function Generator Error 25¡C ² TA ² 80¡C -3 0 +3 deg Function Generator Error 25¡C ² TA ² 105¡C -5.5 0 +5.5 deg Function Generator Error Ð40¡C ² TA ² 25¡C -3 0 +3 deg Function Generator Gain TA = 25¡C Q vs F/VOUT 60 77 95 ¡/V Package Lead Description PACKAGE LEAD # LEAD SYMBOL FUNCTION 20L 1 CP+ Positive input to charge pump. 2 SQOUT Buffered square wave output signal. 3 FREQIN Speed or rpm input signal. 4 BIAS Test point or Zero adjustment. 5, 6, 15, 16 Gnd Ground Connections. 7, 14, 17 NC No Connection. 8 COS+ Positive cosine output signal. 9 COS- Negative cosine output signal. 10 VCC Ignition or battery supply voltage. 11 FGEN Function generator input signal. 12 SIN- Negative sine output signal. 13 SIN+ Positive sine output signal. 18 VREG Voltage regulator output. 19 F/VOUT Output voltage proportional to input signal frequency. 20 CP- Negative input to charge pump. Typical Performance Characteristics Figure 2: Charge Pump Output Voltage vs Output Angle Figure 1: Function Generator Output Voltage vs Degrees of Deflection F/VOUT = 2.0V + 2 FREQ ´ CT ´ RT ´ (VREG - 0.7) 7 7 6 5 3 2 5 F/V Output (V) Output Voltage (V) 6 COS 4 1 0 -1 -2 -3 4 3 2 -4 -5 1 SIN -6 -7 0 45 90 135 180 225 270 0 315 0 Degrees of Deflection (°) 45 90 135 180 225 Frequency/Output Angle (°) 3 270 315 CS4101 Electrical Characteristics: continued CS4101 Typical Performance Characteristics continued Figure 4: Nominal Output Deviation Figure 3: Output Angle in Polar Form 1.50 7V 1.25 (VSINE+) - (VSINE-) 1.00 Q Deviation (°) 0.75 Angle +7V Ð7V 0.50 0.25 0.00 -0.25 -0.50 -0.75 (VCOS+) - (VCOS-) -1.00 -1.25 -1.50 Q = ARCTAN [ VSIN+ Ð VSINVCOS+ Ð VCOS- ] 0 45 90 135 180 Theoretical Angle (°) -7V 225 270 315 Nominal Angle vs. Ideal Angle (After calibrating at 180¡) Note: Temperature, voltage and nonlinearity not included. 45 40 35 Ideal Angle (Degrees) 30 25 20 Ideal Degrees 15 Nominal Degrees 10 5 0 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 Nominal Angle (Degrees) Table 1: Function Generator Output Nominal Angle vs. Ideal Angle (After calibrating at 270¡) Ideal Q Degrees Nominal Q Degrees 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 0 1.09 2.19 3.29 4.38 5.47 6.56 7.64 8.72 9.78 10.84 11.90 12.94 13.97 14.99 16.00 17.00 Ideal Q Nominal Degrees Q Degrees 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 17.98 18.96 19.92 20.86 21.79 22.71 23.61 24.50 25.37 26.23 27.07 27.79 28.73 29.56 30.39 31.24 32.12 Ideal Q Nominal Degrees Q Degrees 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 50 55 60 65 70 33.04 34.00 35.00 36.04 37.11 38.21 39.32 40.45 41.59 42.73 43.88 45.00 50.68 56.00 60.44 64.63 69.14 Note: Temperature, voltage and nonlinearity not included. 4 Ideal Q Degrees Nominal Q Degrees 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 74.00 79.16 84.53 90.00 95.47 100.84 106.00 110.86 115.37 119.56 124.00 129.32 135.00 140.68 146.00 150.44 154.63 Ideal Q Nominal Degrees Q Degrees 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 159.14 164.00 169.16 174.33 180.00 185.47 190.84 196.00 200.86 205.37 209.56 214.00 219.32 225.00 230.58 236.00 240.44 Ideal Q Nominal Degrees Q Degrees 245 250 255 260 265 270 275 280 285 290 295 300 305 244.63 249.14 254.00 259.16 264.53 270.00 275.47 280.84 286.00 290.86 295.37 299.21 303.02 The response time of the F/V is determined by the time constant formed by RT and C4. Increasing the value of C4 will reduce the ripple on the F/V output but will also increase the response time. An increase in response time causes a very slow meter movement and may be unacceptable for many applications. The CS4101 is specifically designed for use with air-core meter movements. It includes an input comparator for sensing an input signal from an ignition pulse or speed sensor, a charge pump for frequency to voltage conversion, a bandgap voltage regulator for stable operation, and a function generator with sine and cosine amplifiers to differentially drive the motor coils. From the simplified block diagram of Figure 5A, the input signal is applied to the FREQIN lead, this is the input to a high impedance comparator with a typical positive input threshold of 3.4V and typical hysteresis of 0.4V. The output of the comparator, SQOUT, is applied to the charge pump input CP+ through an external capacitor CT. When the input signal changes state, CT is charged or discharged through R3 and R4. The charge accumulated on CT is mirrored to C4 by the Norton Amplifier circuit comprising Q1, Q2 and Q3. The charge pump output voltage, F/VOUT, ranges from 2V to 6.3V depending on the input signal frequency and the gain of the charge pump according to the formula: Design Example Maximum meter Deflection = 270¡ Maximum Input Frequency = 350Hz 1. Select RT and CT Q = AGEN ´ ÆF/V ÆF/V = 2 ´ FREQ ´ CT ´ RT ´ (VREG Ð 0.7V) Q = 970 ´ FREQ ´ CT ´ RT Let CT = 0.0033µF, Find RT 270¡ RT = 970 ´ 350Hz ´ 0.0033µF F/VOUT = 2.0V + 2 ´ FREQ ´ CT ´ RT ´ (VREG Ð 0.7V) RT is a potentiometer used to adjust the gain of the F/V output stage and give the correct meter deflection. The F/V output voltage is applied to the function generator input lead, FGEN. An additional filter circuit can be added between F/VOUT and FGEN to reduce needle flutter. The output voltage of the sine and cosine amplifiers are derived from the on-chip amplifier and function generator circuitry. The various trip points for the circuit (i.e., 0¡, 90¡, 180¡, 270¡) are determined by an internal resistor divider, and the bandgap voltage reference. The coils are differentially driven, allowing bidirectional current flow in the outputs, thus providing up to 305¡ range of meter deflection. Driving the coils differentially offers faster response time, higher current capability, higher output voltage swings, and reduced external component count. The key advantage is a higher torque output for the pointer. The output angle, Q, is equal to the F/V gain multiplied by the function generator gain: Q = AF/V ´ AFG, where: AFG = 77¡/V (typ) RT = 243k½ RT should be a 250k½ potentiometer to trim out any inaccuracies due to IC tolerances or meter movement pointer placement. 2. Select R3 and R4 Resistor R3 sets the output current from the voltage regulator. The maximum output current from the voltage regulator is 10mA R3 must ensure that the current does not exceed this limit. Choose R3 = 3.3k½ The charge current for CT is: VREG Ð 0.7V = 1.90mA 3.3k½ C1 must charge and discharge fully during each cycle of the input signal. Time for one cycle at maximum frequency is 2.85ms. To ensure that CT is discharged, assume that the (R3 + R4) CT time constant is less than 10% of the minimum input frequency pulse width. T = 285µs The relationship between input frequency and output angle is: Choose R4 = 1k½. Q = AFG ´ 2 ´ FREQ ´ CT ´ RT ´ (VREG Ð 0.7V) Charge time: or, Q = 970 ´ FREQ ´ CT ´ RT The ripple voltage at the F/V converterÕs output is determined by the ratio of CT and C4 in the formula: ÆV = T = R3 ´ CT = 3.3k½ ´ 0.0033µF = 10.9µs Discharge time:T = (R3 + R4)CT = 4.3k½ ´ 0.0033µF = 14.2µs 3. Determine C4 C4 is selected to satisfy both the maximum allowable ripple voltage and response time of the meter movement. CT(VREG Ð 0.7V) C4 Ripple voltage on the F/V output causes pointer or needle flutter especially at low input frequencies. C4 = CT(VREG Ð 0.7V) VRIPPLE(MAX) With C4 = 0.47µF, the F/V ripple voltage is 44mV. Figure 7 shows how the CS4101 and the CS-8441 are used to produce a speedometer and odometer circuit. 5 CS4101 Circuit Description and Application Notes CS4101 Circuit Description and Application Notes: continued VREG 2.0V R3 CT SQOUT 0.25V Q3 R4 Q2 3.4V Figure 5A: Partial Schematic of Input and Charge Pump T PW T-PW VCC FREQIN 0 VREG 0 ICP+ VCP+ 0 Figure 5B: Timing Diagram of FREQIN and ICP 6 RT C4 Q1 QSQUARE Ð CPÐ CP+ + SQOUT F to V Ð VC(t) + Ð FREQIN F/VOUT + CS4101 Speedometer/Odometer or Tachometer Application 1 CP+ 2 SQOUT CT R2 C3 Battery CP- 20 + RT VREG 18 3 FREQIN 4 BIAS 5 Gnd 6 Gnd 7 NC 8 COS+ SIN+ 13 9 COS- SINE- 12 10 C4 F/VOUT 19 NC 17 CS4101 R4 R3 Speedo Input Gnd 16 Gnd 15 NC 14 VCC FGEN 11 D1 R1 D2 C1 C2 COSINE SINE Speedometer Air Core Gauge 200W Figure 6 C4 - 0.47µF CT - 0.0033µF, +/- 30 PPM/¡C D1 - 1A, 600 PIV D2 - 50V, 500mW Zener Note 1: For 58% Speed Input TMAX ² 5/fMAX where R1 - 3.9, 500mW R2 - 10k½ R3 - 3k½ R4 - 1k½ RT - Trim Resistor +/- 20 PPM/DEG. C C1 - 0.1µF C2 - 1. Stand alone Speedo or Tach "0" µF 2. Stand alone Speedo or Tach with return to Zero, 2000µF 3. With CS-8441 application, 10µF C3 - 0.1µF R4 1 CP+ 2 SQOUT CT Speedo Input R2 C3 Battery CP- 20 F/VOUT 19 FREQIN 4 BIAS 5 Gnd 6 Gnd 7 NC 8 COS+ SIN+ 13 9 COS- SINE- 12 VCC 10 C4 + RT VREG 18 3 NC 17 CS4101 R3 TMAX = CT(R3+R4) fMAX = maximum speed input frequency Gnd 16 Gnd 15 NC 14 FGEN 11 D1 R1 D2 C1 COSINE SINE Air Core Gauge 200W C2 Speedometer 1 CS8441 Air Core Stepper Motor 200W Odometer Figure 7 Note 4: The IC must be protected from transients above 60V and reverse battery conditions Note 5: Additional filtering on the FREQIN lead may be required Note 1: The product of CT and RT have a direct effect on gain and therefore directly effect temperature compensation Note 2: C4 Range; 20pF to .2µF Note 3: R4 Range; 100k½ to 500k½ 7 CS4101 Package Specification PACKAGE THERMAL DATA PACKAGE DIMENSIONS IN mm (INCHES) Thermal Data RQJC typ RQJA typ D Lead Count 20 Lead PDIP Metric Max Min 26.92 24.89 English Max Min 1.060 .980 20L PDIP 25 65 ûC/W ûC/W Plastic DIP (N); 300 mil wide 7.11 (.280) 6.10 (.240) 8.26 (.325) 7.62 (.300) 1.77 (.070) 1.14 (.045) 2.54 (.100) BSC 3.68 (.145) 2.92 (.115) .356 (.014) .203 (.008) 0.39 (.015) MIN. .558 (.022) .356 (.014) REF: JEDEC MS-001 D Some 8 and 16 lead packages may have 1/2 lead at the end of the package. All specs are the same. Ordering Information Part Number CS4101EN20 Rev. 11/20/98 Cherry Semiconductor Corporation reserves the right to make changes to the specifications without notice. Please contact Cherry Semiconductor Corporation for the latest available information. Description 20L PDIP 8 © 1999 Cherry Semiconductor Corporation